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Dec 21, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 21st December 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) THE BRIDGE TO MOSCOW Syllabus: Mains – GS 2 Context: India-Russia relationship is set to be the most consequential bilateral engagement of the year 2025. Background: – The India-Russia relationship serves not just the two countries in question, but the world. Key takeaways The strength of ties between New Delhi and Moscow matters to both countries. It touches core mutual areas: Trade in energy, technological co-development, and strategic interests. Russia remains India’s most accommodating partner when it comes to high-tech supplies. While the West — France and the US in particular — are relaxing rules for trade with India in dual-use tech, there is still a long way to go before Delhi’s undersea and long-range requirements are satisfied by the West. This is where Moscow steps in. Apart from being mutually beneficial to India and Russia, the relationship is a vital global public good : First, it serves as a bridge between the rest of the world and a Russian polity that has been alienated by, and has set out to further alienate, the West. India’s commitment to multilateralism and the global order anchors Russia, to a system that it otherwise seeks to disrupt. Second, the India-Russia relationship prevents the Russian bear from totally entering the dragon’s den. A Russia locked into servitude to Beijing’s interests would be profoundly inimical for the world order, the West in particular. India’s outstretched hand grants Russia the ability to manoeuvre and allows it to avoid capitulating completely to China. Third, trade between India and Russia in fossil fuels is designed to be compliant with sanctions meant to limit Russian profits. This too provides broader benefits to the world. It brings valuable price stability and predictability to energy markets, which is vital for the West and for Europe in particular. Fourth, the relationship allows for new possibilities in the crucial Arctic region. Without India’s increasing strategic presence in the Arctic, in partnership not just with Russia but also with European and Nordic friends, a new Russia-China axis would have shaped the region’s future. This would have spelt disaster for the ecology and security of global supply chains. Finally, India’s presence in groupings like BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation ensures that these are not weaponised against the West. As External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar has put it, India is non-Western, it is not anti-Western. This moderate and reasonable attitude shapes the actions and positions of such groupings. The entry of New Delhi’s candidates — and Western friends — such as the UAE, Egypt and Vietnam into BRICS as either members or partners has further moderated that grouping. The ability to partner with nations that are deeply divided by geopolitics has been a feature of Indian diplomacy since Independence. The India-Russia relationship serves not just the two countries in question, but the world. Source: Indian Express STARLINK SATELLITE INTERNET Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: Elon Musk has denied claims that his space company SpaceX’s satellite internet technology Starlink is being used by militants in Manipur. Background: – This came after the Indian Army and police seized weapons and what looked like a Starlink-branded satellite router and antenna. Starlink is still pending regulatory approval in India, though it will be starting in neighbouring Bangladesh and Bhutan in 2025 What is Starlink and how does it work? Starlink uses an extensive low Earth orbit satellite constellation to deliver broadband internet that has high speeds and low latency. It is a popular choice for users worldwide in remote areas, sea vessels, disaster-struck regions, or places where oppressive regimes have throttled access to more mainstream internet services. There are thousands of satellites in the Starlink system, and they orbit Earth at around 550 km. Though they cover the entire globe, per SpaceX, the company is not authorised to provide its services to users in some regions. What is the controversy surrounding Starlink? Indian army on December 16 shared photos of guns, ammunition, and country-made mortars seized from Manipur in X. X users spotted a small satellite device and router, with the latter bearing the SpaceX logo sparkling speculation that Musk’s technology was being used by terrorists. Elon Muk responded that Starlink satellite beams are turned off over India. This is not the first time SpaceX has become embroiled in controversy in India. Last month, smugglers originating from Myanmar were caught by the Andaman and Nicobar islands police with over 6,000 kg of meth and a Starlink device that was allegedly used for navigation and communication, despite service being prohibited in Indian waters. Furthermore, in August this year, Starlink equipment was seen being sold on the B2B platform IndiaMART. Can Starlink satellite internet be controlled ? International borders are not solid and it is not easy to refine satellite internet coverage to such a precise degree that service is activated or halted exactly in line with a nation’s border. An additional complication is that many international borders are contested or unclear More information is needed from SpaceX to understand how the company ensures that Starlink satellite internet does not reach the countries yet to allow Starlink, while enabling service for neighbouring countries or waters that do allow Starlink service. What does Indian law say? India strictly regulates and restricts the use of satellite-based communication devices. Everyday gadget users within the country would have noticed that even key satellite-based emergency features on premium phones that are easily available for users overseas are not enabled for use in India. Under section 6 of the Indian Wireless Act and Section 20 of the Indian Telegraph Act, the use of thuraya/iridium satellite phones is illegal in the country. Indian embassies worldwide warn both Indian and foreign travellers that they cannot carry satellite phones into the country and may face confiscation and legal action if they do so without permission. These restrictions are in place largely to combat militancy and terrorism. In 2022, Indian officials reported that evidence of iridium satellite phone usage was discovered in the Kashmir Valley. Starlink is currently trying to enter the Indian market. The latest discovery of the Starlink hardware in Manipur could further affect SpaceX’s entry, due to doubts over its compliance with Indian regulations and possible misuse by non-state actors. Source: The Hindu SILIGURI CORRIDOR Syllabus: Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: Union Home Minister Amit Shah highlighted the significance of the Siliguri corridor as a crucial link to Northeast India and said that the presence of the Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) in the area came as an assurance to the entire country. Background: Home Minister made the remarks while addressing the 61st Raising Day celebrations of the SSB in Siliguri.The SSB guards the 2,450-km border with Nepal and Bhutan. Key takeaways: The Siliguri Corridor, often referred to as the “Chicken’s Neck”, is a strategically critical narrow stretch of land in the Indian state of West Bengal. It connects mainland India to its northeastern states and is surrounded by Nepal to the west, Bhutan to the north, and Bangladesh to the south. Geography: Approximately 22 km wide at its narrowest point. Lies between the Himalayan foothills and Bangladesh. Strategic Importance: Serves as a lifeline for India’s northeastern states. Facilitates military and trade connectivity to the Northeast and Bhutan. Vital for India’s counter-insurgency operations and border security. Economic Significance: Acts as a transit hub for trade with Bhutan, Nepal, and Bangladesh. Key transport routes, including National Highway 10 and major railway lines, pass through the corridor. Strategic Challenges Vulnerability to Blockades: The narrowness makes it susceptible to disruption during conflicts. It is close to the India-China-Bhutan tri-junction, including the contentious Doklam plateau. Surrounding Geopolitical Sensitivities: Proximity to China’s Tibet Autonomous Region and Bangladesh’s northern border. China’s strategic interest in the region heightens its importance in India’s defense planning. Security Concerns: Risks of infiltration, insurgency, and smuggling due to porous borders. Source: The Hindu HYDROTHERMAL VENT Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – GEOGRAPHY Context: In a first, Indian oceanographers have captured the image of an active hydrothermal vent located 4,500 metres below the surface of the Indian Ocean. Background: – This discovery could significantly enhance India’s Deep Ocean mission, especially the Samudrayaan mission, focusing on mineral exploration from inactive vents. Key takeaways Hydrothermal Vents are underwater geothermal systems found on the ocean floor, typically near tectonic plate boundaries. These vents emit mineral-rich, superheated water due to volcanic activity beneath the Earth’s crust. Formation: Occur at mid-ocean ridges or subduction zones where tectonic plates diverge or converge. Cold seawater infiltrates the Earth’s crust, heats up due to magma, and re-emerges through cracks, carrying dissolved minerals. Types of Vents: Black Smokers: Emit dark, mineral-rich plumes due to high concentrations of metals like iron and sulfides. White Smokers: Release cooler, lighter-colored fluids rich in silica and barium. Chemical Composition: Rich in sulfides, methane, and minerals like iron, manganese, and copper. Ecological Importance Unique Ecosystems: Support chemosynthetic organisms (e.g., bacteria and archaea) that derive energy from chemical reactions rather than sunlight. Host diverse life forms like giant tube worms, clams, and shrimp. Biological Discoveries: Provide insights into extremophiles, organisms thriving in high-pressure, high-temperature environments. Offer clues about the origins of life on Earth. Scientific and Economic Importance Mineral Deposits: Potential sources of valuable metals like gold, silver, and copper. Can aid in deep-sea mining initiatives. Astrobiology: Analogous environments might exist on other planets or moons, like Europa or Enceladus, offering insights into extraterrestrial life. Climate Studies: Play a role in understanding carbon and sulfur cycles in Earth’s oceans. Source: Indian Express THRISSUR POORAM Syllabus: Prelims – ART & CULTURE Context: In a relief for organisers and fans of Kerala’s famed Thrissur Pooram, the Supreme Court effectively stayed the directions of the state High Court regarding the parading of elephants. Background: – SC said that the Kerala High Court’s directions that mandated a three-metre distance between the elephants paraded at festivals and prohibition on procession using them on public roads between 9 am and 5 pm were impracticable. Key takeaways Thrissur Pooram is a grand Hindu temple festival held annually in Thrissur, Kerala. Known as the “Festival of Festivals,” it is one of the largest and most vibrant temple festivals in India, showcasing Kerala’s rich cultural heritage. Historical Significance: Introduced in the late 18th century by Sakthan Thampuran, the Maharaja of Cochin. Aimed to unify regional temple celebrations into a grand event. Date and Venue: Celebrated in April or May, depending on the Malayalam calendar (Pooram star in the month of Medam). The main venue is the Vadakkunnathan Temple in Thrissur. Participants: Two main temple groups, Paramekkavu Bhagavathy Temple and Thiruvambady Krishna Temple, lead the festivities, along with smaller temples in the region. Cultural Highlights Elephant Procession (Kudamattam): Caparisoned elephants carry deity idols in a grand procession. The synchronized display of decorated umbrellas (Kudamattam) atop elephants is a major attraction. Panchavadyam: Traditional ensemble of five percussion instruments (Chenda, Maddalam, Edakka, Thimila, and Kombu) performed in unison, creating a mesmerizing rhythm. Fireworks Display: Renowned for its spectacular and competitive fireworks show, held at the end of the Pooram. Source: Indian Express Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Which of the following statements about the Siliguri Corridor is correct? It connects mainland India to its northeastern states and is surrounded by Nepal, Bhutan, and Myanmar. The corridor is approximately 22 km wide at its narrowest point. It is strategically significant for counter-insurgency operations and border security. Options: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Q2.) Consider the following statements about Hydrothermal Vents: They are underwater geothermal systems located at tectonic plate boundaries. Black smokers release silica-rich, light-colored fluids. They support unique ecosystems based on chemosynthesis. Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Q3.) Which of the following are features of the Thrissur Pooram festival? It is held at the Vadakkunnathan Temple in Thrissur, Kerala. The festival includes a synchronized display of decorated umbrellas (Kudamattam). The use of elephants in the festival is prohibited by a Supreme Court order. Options: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 20th December – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – b Q.3) – c

Dec 21, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 21st December 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

Dec 20, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 20th December 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) SC DIRECTS CENTRE TO FORMULATE POLICY TO MANAGE SACRED GROVES Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: The Supreme Court asked the Centre to create a comprehensive policy for the governance and management of sacred groves across the country while underlining their ecological importance. Background: – The Supreme Court judgment came on applications dealing with the protection of sacred groves of Rajasthan. Key takeaways Sacred groves are patches of forest that are preserved by local communities due to their religious, cultural, or spiritual significance. Distribution in India: Found across India, particularly in states with tribal or indigenous populations. Rajasthan: Orans, associated with folk deities. Maharashtra and Karnataka: Devarakadu (God’s forests). Northeast India: Sacred forests of Meghalaya (e.g., Mawphlang). Kerala: Sarpa Kavu (Snake groves). SC directed that as part of the policy on sacred groves, the Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change must develop a plan for a nationwide survey of sacred groves, by whatever name they are identified in each State. The survey should identify their area, location, and extent, and clearly mark their boundaries. These boundaries should remain flexible to accommodate the natural growth and expansion of these forests while ensuring strict protection against any reduction in size. Highlighting the ecological and cultural importance of the sacred groves, the top court recommended their protection under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, particularly through Section 36-C, which allows for declaration of “community reserves”. Piplantri model lauded in the judgement SC lauded the Piplantri village in Rajasthan’s Rajsamand district, which under the leadership of its Sarpanch Shyam Sundar Paliwal, started the initiative to plant 111 trees for every girl child born. The tragic passing of a girl child of the sarpanch Shyam Sundar Paliwal prompted the movement in the village which had until then witnessed environmental damages due to excessive marble mining. The mining activity led to acute water shortages, deforestation and economic decline. The Piplantri model has had many positive effects. Environmentally, over 40 lakh trees have been planted, which has helped raise the water table by 800-900 feet and cooled the climate by 3-4°C. These efforts have improved local biodiversity and protected the land from soil erosion and desertification. Economically, the planting of indigenous species of trees like gooseberry, aloe vera, and bamboo has created sustainable jobs. Aloe vera processing, furniture making, and other businesses have increased local incomes, providing work, especially for women, through self-help groups. The Supreme Court bench also pointed out that the model has helped eliminate harmful practices like female foeticide. Piplantri model demonstrates how community-driven initiatives can effectively address social, economic, and environmental challenges in a cohesive manner. Source: Indian Express HINDON RIVER Syllabus: Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: Once a lifeline for communities settled along its banks, the Hindon River in Western Uttar Pradesh, often called India’s Sugar Bowl, has been reduced to a drain carrying domestic and industrial waste. Background: – Since the 1970s, experts have warned about industries and untreated domestic waste polluting the river. In Saharanpur district alone, over 45 industries discharge waste into the Hindon, with 12 drains carrying effluents directly into the river. This pollution seeps into groundwater, affecting health & agriculture. Key takeaways The Hindon River is a significant tributary of the Yamuna River in northern India. Origin: The Hindon River originates from the Shakumbhari Devi Range (Upper Sivaliks) in the Saharanpur district of Uttar Pradesh. Course: It flows through several districts, including Muzaffarnagar, Meerut, Baghpat, Ghaziabad, and Gautam Buddh Nagar, before joining the Yamuna River in Noida. Length: The river spans approximately 400 kilometers (about 250 miles). Catchment Area: The Hindon River has a catchment area of around 7,083 square kilometers. Key Features: Tributaries: The Kali River is a major tributary of the Hindon River. The Kali River merges with the Hindon near Sardhana. Rainfed River: The Hindon River is entirely rainfed, relying on monsoon rains for its water supply. Pollution: The river faces significant pollution challenges due to urban, agricultural, and industrial waste. In 2015, it was declared a ‘dead river’ by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Historical Significance: Indus Valley Civilization: An Indus Valley civilization site, Alamgirpur, is located along the Hindon River, about 28 kilometers from Delhi. 1857 Revolt: The Hindon River was a site of several skirmishes during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, including the Battle of Badli-ki-Serai. Source: Down To Earth INFRARED RADIATION Syllabus: Prelims – SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: Scientists from the Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences (CeNS), Bengaluru, an autonomous institute of Department of Science and Technology have come up with a novel strategy to control and regulate Infrared (IR) radiation. Background: The strategy uses 2-dimensional nanosheets of a chemical called hexagonal boron nitride and has potential for deployment as radiative heat barrier, thermal camouflage and in thermal management applications. Key takeaways: Infrared (IR) radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength longer than visible light but shorter than microwaves. Infrared radiation has wavelengths ranging from 700 nanometers (nm) to 1 millimeter (mm). This range is further divided into three main categories: Near Infrared (NIR): 700 nm to 1,400 nm Mid Infrared (MIR): 1,400 nm to 3,000 nm Far Infrared (FIR): 3,000 nm to 1 mm Natural Sources: The primary natural source of infrared radiation is the Sun, which emits IR as part of its overall spectrum. Thermal radiation from warm objects, such as humans and animals, also contributes to natural IR. Artificial Sources: Infrared radiation is also generated by electrical appliances, heaters, lasers, and LEDs. Properties of Infrared Radiation: Invisible to the human eye but can be felt as heat. Travels in straight lines at the speed of light in a vacuum. Easily absorbed and emitted by matter, especially water and carbon-based materials. Applications of Infrared Radiation: Communication: Used in remote controls, IR sensors, and optical fiber communication. Astronomy: Infrared telescopes help study celestial objects obscured by cosmic dust. Medical: Infrared imaging in diagnostics (e.g., thermography for detecting inflammation). Used in physiotherapy to relieve muscle pain. Military and Security: Night-vision devices and thermal imaging for surveillance. Targeting systems in defense technologies. Environmental Monitoring: Monitoring heat emissions and greenhouse gas effects. Detecting forest fires and volcanic activities. Industrial: Used in heat sensing and controlling industrial processes. Application in drying and heating systems. Source: PIB VARMAM THERAPY Syllabus: Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: The National Institute of Siddha (NIS) has set a Guinness World Record for providing Varmam therapy to 567 individuals simultaneously. Background: – The Guinness World Record event is a part of the NIS’s ongoing efforts to bring global attention to the benefits of Siddha medicine and Varmam therapy. Key takeaways Varmam Therapy, also known as Varma Kalai, is an ancient Indian practice rooted in the Siddha system of medicine. It focuses on the manipulation of specific vital points, or “varmam,” located throughout the human body to promote healing and alleviate various ailments. Key Aspects of Varmam Therapy: Vital Points (Varmam): The human body is believed to contain 108 vital points where life energy resides and flows. These points are situated at intersections of nerves, muscles, bones, and joints. Proper stimulation of these points can restore energy balance and treat health issues. Techniques: Practitioners employ various methods to stimulate varmam points, including: Thadaval Murai: Massage techniques applied to specific points. Adangal Murai: Applying pressure in a particular pattern. Thiravukol Murai: Techniques used for instant relief by opening blocked energy channels. Varmam Therapy is utilized to address a range of conditions, such as: Neurological Disorders: Including nerve weakness and paralysis. Musculoskeletal Issues: Such as arthritis, back pain, and cervical spondylosis. The origins of Varmam Therapy are attributed to the sage Agastya, who is said to have documented the knowledge of vital points and disseminated it among his disciples. This practice has been traditionally passed down through generations and remains prevalent in parts of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest in Varmam Therapy as a non-invasive, non-pharmacological treatment option for various health issues. Efforts are underway to standardize treatment guidelines and integrate this traditional practice into modern healthcare systems. Source: PIB KAILASH MANASAROVAR Syllabus: Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: In a major boost to bilateral relations, India and China on Wednesday agreed to strengthen cross-border exchanges and take concerete steps towards resumption of the Kailash-Mansarovar Yatra. Background: – The Kailash-Mansarovar Yatra has been suspended since 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic and the Chinese side’s non-renewal of arrangements. Key takeaways The Kailash Manasarovar Yatra is a revered pilgrimage undertaken by devotees from across the world to visit Mount Kailash and Lake Manasarovar in the Tibetan Autonomous Region of China. Mount Kailash: It lies in the Kailash Range of the Transhimalaya, in the western part of the Tibetan Plateau. The peak of Mount Kailash is located at an elevation of 6,638 m (21,778 ft), near the western trijunction between China, India and Nepal. Lake Manasarovar: Is a fresh water lake situated about 20 kilometers from Mount Kailash, at an altitude of 4,590 meters (15,015 feet). Manasarovar overflows into the salt-water endorheic lake of Rakshastal via the natural Ganga Chhu channel The Kailash Mansarovar is sacred in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Bon religion. Kailash Mansarovar Pilgrimage Routes: Lipulekh Pass Route: Through Uttarakhand. Nathu La Pass Route: Through Sikkim. Source: Times Of India Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) With reference to Infrared (IR) radiation, consider the following statements: Infrared radiation has a longer wavelength than microwaves. It can be naturally emitted by warm-blooded animals. IR radiation is widely used in communication and defense technologies. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Q2.) With reference to Varmam Therapy, consider the following statements: It is a practice rooted in the Siddha system of medicine. The therapy exclusively focuses on the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. The human body is believed to contain 108 vital points that are manipulated in this therapy. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Q3.) With reference to the Kailash Manasarovar Yatra, consider the following statements: Mount Kailash is located in India near the trijunction of India, Nepal, and China. Lake Manasarovar is a saltwater lake situated at a higher altitude than Mount Kailash. The Yatra can be undertaken via the Lipulekh Pass and the Nathu La Pass routes. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only (c) 3 only (d) None of the above Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 19th December – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – a Q.2) – a Q.3) – a

Dec 20, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 20th December 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

Dec 19, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 19th December 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) CRIME AND CRIMINAL TRACKING NETWORK AND SYSTEMS (CCTNS) Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: Nearly 15 years after it was launched, all 17,130 police stations in the country have been linked through the Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems (CCTNS). Background: – Launched in 2009, the CCTNS has also become key to the implementation of the three new criminal laws that were rolled out on July 1. About CCTNS The Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems (CCTNS) is a flagship project under the Indian Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) aimed at creating a comprehensive and integrated system for enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of policing through technology. Objective: To provide a nationwide integrated platform for investigation, detection, and prevention of crimes. To enhance citizen services like online registration of complaints and tracking case status. Scope: Link all police stations across India through a unified network. Enable seamless sharing of information on crimes and criminals among law enforcement agencies. Components: Core Application Software (CAS): Provides a standardized platform for data entry, retrieval, and sharing. National Database: Centralized repository of criminal records, FIRs, and investigation reports. Integration with Other Systems: Links with databases such as Fingerprint Identification Systems, Vehicle Registration, and Passport Verification. Some of the Citizen-Centric Services: Filing complaints online. Viewing the status of registered complaints and FIRs. Searching for missing persons or stolen vehicles. Integrated Criminal Justice System (ICJS) : The scope of the CCTNS has been enhanced over the years to integrate the police data with other pillars of the criminal justice system namely courts, prisons, prosecution, forensics and finger prints, and accordingly a new system called the Integrated Criminal Justice System (ICJS) has been developed. Source: The Hindu HINDU KUSH HIMALAYA FACES RISKS AMID RECORD GLACIER MELTING Syllabus: Mains – ENVIRONMENT Context: The State of the Cryosphere 2024 report, presented at the UN Climate Change Conference in Baku, warns that rising carbon emissions could increase global temperatures by over 3°C by century’s end, causing unprecedented glacier melting, including in the Indian Himalayan Region. Background: – The glaciers of the HKH region, also known as the “Third Pole” or the “Water Tower of the Earth”, are the source of some of the world’s major river systems like the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra. Key takeaways Cryosphere refers to the frozen water part of the Earth’s surface. Its components include snow, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, sea ice and permafrost. These elements are primarily found in polar regions, high latitudes and high-altitude areas of the Earth’s surface. Rising temperatures are affecting every part of the Cryosphere. This year’s summer is the third in a row when sea ice in Antarctica was reduced to less than 2 million square kilometers. If the current warming trend continues to grow, there is a possibility of complete sea ice loss around Antarctica during the summer months. This would cause the warming of water and further melting of Antarctica’s ice sheet. Also, it is estimated that exceeding the 1.5°C limit could cause a rise above 10 meters in sea level in the coming centuries. Venezuela lost its last glacier, ‘Humboldt,’ this year, while Indonesia’s ‘Eternity Glacier’ will likely melt completely within the next two years. As the temperature increases, there will be less solid precipitation (snow) and more liquid precipitation, even at higher altitudes, resulting in less seasonal snow occurrence overall. Additionally, thawing permafrost will lead to increased concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. Hindu Kush Himalayan region The HKH region witnessed record-low snowfall during the winter of 2023-2024. This decline in seasonal snow availability will also have an impact on food, energy and water security for both the country and the region. The Indian Himalayan Region, which spans 13 states and Union Territories, will be directly affected by these changes. It is projected that even a 2°C rise in global temperatures could result in a 50 per cent loss of ice from High Mountain Asian glaciers. This will intensify catastrophic hazards, such as the Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs), already occurring in High Mountain Asia, particularly in India. Recent GLOF at South Lhonak Lake in Sikkim (October 2023), led to the loss of human lives and extensive damage to infrastructure. Source: Indian Express ARCTIC TUNDRA IS EMITTING MORE CARBON THAN IT IS ABSORBING Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – GEOGRAPHY Context: Arctic tundra, which has stored carbon for thousands of years, has now become a source of greenhouse gases (GHGs), according to a new analysis report by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA). Background: The analysis, ‘Arctic Report Card’, is a yearly report on the polar region and was published last week. How does the Arctic tundra store carbon? In a typical ecosystem, plants absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere through photosynthesis. These plants grow, die, or are eaten by animals which also grow and die. When they die, the carbon in their corpse feeds microorganisms such as bacteria or fungi which break down larger molecules and return CO2 to the atmosphere, thereby completing the carbon cycle. However, in the case of Arctic tundra, the decomposition of organic matter is dramatically slowed down due to the cold climate. Plant and animal remains can stay trapped for thousands of years in permafrost thwarting CO2 from getting released back into the atmosphere. Scientists estimate that Arctic soils store more than 1.6 trillion metric tonnes of carbon across the region. That is about double the amount of carbon in the atmosphere. Why is the Arctic tundra emitting more carbon than absorbing it? In recent years, however, the Arctic tundra’s ability to emit less and absorb more carbon has taken a hit. The new analysis confirmed that the ecosystem has now become a source of CO2 and methane (CH4) emissions. That has happened for two main reasons. One is rising temperatures. The report said the Arctic is warming four times the global rate. As a result, the Arctic’s permafrost is thawing, meaning microbes in the soil are becoming active and breaking the organic matter down, releasing CO2 and CH4 into the atmosphere. Another reason is that, in recent years, the Arctic has witnessed an increase in the frequency and intensity of wildfires. Last year was the worst wildfire season in the Arctic on record. Wildfire smoke adds GHG emissions to the atmosphere while also speeding up the thawing of permafrost. Wildfires and rising temperatures together, between 2001 and 2020, caused the Arctic tundra to release more carbon than its plants removed from the air, probably for the first time in many millennia, the report said. Source: Indian Express MIRROR BACTERIA Syllabus: Prelims – SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: A group of 38 scientists working in nine countries has sounded an alarm about the potential creation of mirror bacteria. Background: – While the science and technology necessary to create mirror bacteria in a laboratory is a decade or more away, the scientists argued that the possibly lethal risks posed by this new field of research are “unprecedented” and “overlooked.” Key takeaways Mirror bacteria are a hypothetical form of synthetic life that scientists are exploring. These organisms are constructed from molecules that are mirror images of those found in natural life forms. What are Mirror Bacteria? Chirality: Natural life forms use molecules with specific orientations, known as chirality. For example, DNA and RNA are composed of right-handed molecules, while proteins are made from left-handed amino acids. Mirror bacteria would have reversed chirality, with left-handed DNA and right-handed proteins. Synthetic Creation: Scientists are working on creating bacteria with these mirror-image molecules, which could have unique properties and behaviors. Potential Risks: Immune Evasion: Mirror bacteria could potentially evade natural immune defenses, as these defenses rely on recognizing specific molecular shapes. This could make infections caused by mirror bacteria difficult to control. Environmental Impact: These bacteria might also evade natural predators like viruses and protists, potentially leading to uncontrolled spread in the environment. Health Threats: There is concern that mirror bacteria could cause lethal infections in humans, animals, and plants, posing a significant health risk. Source: CNN MIRZA GHALIB Syllabus: Prelims – ART & CULTURE Context: A three-day event titled ‘Remembering Ghalib’ organised by Delhi government commemorated the birth anniversary of poet Mirza Ghalib. Background: – The event conceptualised by Kathak exponent Padma Bhushan Uma Sharma aimsed to bring the essence of Ghalib’s life and works to contemporary audiences. Key takeaways Mirza Ghalib (1797-1869) was a renowned Urdu and Persian poet, often considered the last great poet of the Mughal era. Early Life: Birth: Born as Mirza Asadullah Beg Khan on December 27, 1797, in Agra, India. Family: His father, Mirza Abdullah Baig, was killed in battle when Ghalib was just five years old. He was then raised by his uncle who passed away when Ghalib was nine. Education: Ghalib did not receive formal education but was self-taught, learning Persian and Arabic literature. Literary Career: Pen Names: Ghalib, meaning “dominant,” and Asad, meaning “lion,” were his pen names. Works: He wrote extensively in both Urdu and Persian, with his Urdu poetry being particularly celebrated. His famous works include Diwan-e-Ghalib, a collection of his poetry, containing some of the most profound Urdu ghazals ever written. Themes: His poetry often explored themes of love, loss, and existential reflection, reflecting the socio-political landscape of 19th-century India under British colonial rule. Financial Struggles: Ghalib faced financial difficulties throughout his life and relied on patrons for support. Recognition: Despite his struggles, he was eventually recognized and appointed as the poet laureate in the court of the last Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar. Source: PTI Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Consider the following statements regarding Mirror Bacteria: Mirror bacteria are constructed from molecules with chirality opposite to natural life forms. These bacteria, if created, could evade natural immune defenses and environmental predators. Mirror bacteria are naturally occurring organisms found in deep-sea ecosystems. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Q2.) With reference to Mirza Ghalib, consider the following statements: He is widely regarded as one of the greatest poets of the Mughal era. Ghalib’s Diwan-e-Ghalib is a collection of his Urdu poetry. Ghalib received formal education in Persian and Arabic literature. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Q3.) Consider the following statements about the Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems (CCTNS): CCTNS aims to link all police stations in India through an integrated network. It facilitates online complaint registration and case tracking by citizens. CCTNS is entirely independent of the Integrated Criminal Justice System (ICJS). Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 18th December – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – a Q.2) – a Q.3) – a

Dec 19, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 19th December 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

Dec 18, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 18th December 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

Dec 18, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 18th December 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) CARNATIC MUSIC Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – ART & CULTURE Context: The Supreme Court in an interim order said that musician T M Krishna should not be recognised as a recipient of the Sangita Kalanidhi M S Subbulakshmi award and also restrained him from projecting himself as a recipient of the honour till it decides an appeal challenging the grant of the same to him. Background: – The top court’s order came a day after Mr. Krishna was conferred the award instituted by The Hindu and awarded by the Music Academy at the inauguration of its 98th annual Conference and Concerts in Chennai. About Carnatic music Carnatic music is a classical music tradition from Southern India, deeply rooted in the cultural and religious practices of the region. Origins and History: Ancient Roots: Carnatic music has ancient origins, with influences from the Sama Veda, one of the four Vedas containing hymns set to music. Temple Traditions: Temples played a significant role in the development and preservation of Carnatic music, with musical performances being integral to temple rituals. Bhakti Movement: The Bhakti movement, which gained prominence between the 6th and 17th centuries, contributed to the development of devotional music. Medieval Composers: Composers like Purandaradasa (1480-1564) systematized Carnatic music methods and authored numerous compositions. The Trinity: The 18th century saw the emergence of the Trinity of Carnatic music—Thyagaraja, Shama Shastri, and Muthuswami Dikshitar—who compiled compositions that define the Carnatic music repertoire. Key Concepts: Raga (Rāga): A melodic framework for improvisation and composition. Tala (Tāḷa): The rhythmic aspect of music, marked by mathematical precision. Bhava (Bhāva): The expression of emotions and thoughts through music. Instruments: Vocal: The human voice is the primary instrument in Carnatic music. Melody Instruments: Violin, Veena, Nadaswaram, and Flute are commonly used. Percussion Instruments: Mridangam, Ghatam, Kanjira, and Thavil are essential for rhythm. Performance Structure: Kriti (Kṛti): A structured composition that includes a pallavi (refrain), anupallavi (second verse), and charanam (final verse). Ragam Tanam Pallavi (Rāgam Tāṇam Pāḷavi): A complex and highly improvisational section showcasing the performer’s skill. Thillana (Tillāṇa): A rhythmic piece that concludes the performance. Notable Composers: Purandaradasa: Known as the father of Carnatic music. The Trinity: Thyagaraja, Shama Shastri, and Muthuswami Dikshitar Source: The Hindu PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (POPs) Syllabus: Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: Scientists conducted a 10-year study on orcas in the North Atlantic Ocean. Despite these orcas living far from human settlements, researchers found high levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in their blubber (the fat layer under their skin). Background: – One of the POPs found were polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Used as coolants and lubricants in electrical components, they were banned in the US and Canada 50 years ago. The blubber samples also contained several other categories of POPs, whose “production, use, and/or release” were to be reduced or eliminated under Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, signed in 2001. Key takeaways Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are a group of toxic chemicals that are resistant to environmental degradation through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes. Characteristics: Persistence: POPs remain in the environment for extended periods without breaking down. Bioaccumulation: These pollutants accumulate in the fatty tissues of living organisms. Lipophilicity: POPs are highly soluble in fats and oils, leading to their accumulation in the food chain. Toxicity: They are toxic to both humans and wildlife, causing adverse health effects. Long-range Transport: Can be carried by wind and water to regions far from their source. Sources: Pesticides: Many POPs are pesticides or insecticides, such as DDT and aldrin. Industrial Chemicals: Some POPs are industrial chemicals like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Unintentional By-products: POPs can also be unintentional by-products of waste burning and industrial processes, such as dioxins and furans. International Regulation: Stockholm Convention: The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants is a global treaty aimed at eliminating or restricting the production and use of POPs. It was adopted in 2001 and became effective in 2004. India is a signatory and has ratified the convention. Control Measures: The convention includes measures to prohibit or restrict the production, use, and release of POPs, as well as to ensure their safe disposal. Examples of POPs: The Dirty Dozen: The initial list of POPs identified by the Stockholm Convention includes aldrin, chlordane, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene, mirex, toxaphene, PCBs, DDT, dioxins, and furans. New Additions: Over time, additional POPs have been added to the list, such as perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS). Source: Down To Earth KERCH STRAIT Syllabus: Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: Two Russian oil tankers have been badly damaged in the Black Sea, causing an oil spill. The incident took place in the Kerch Strait, which separates Russia from Crimea – the Ukrainian peninsula illegally annexed by Moscow in 2014. Background: The Kerch Strait is a key route for exports of Russian grain and it is also used for exports of crude oil, fuel oil and liquefied natural gas. Key takeaways: The Kerch Strait is a narrow waterway in Eastern Europe that connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Azov. Location: The strait separates the Kerch Peninsula of Crimea (part of the Russian-occupied Crimean Peninsula) to the west from the Taman Peninsula of Russia’s Krasnodar Krai to the east. Dimensions: The strait is approximately 35 kilometers long and varies in width from 3.1 kilometers to 15 kilometers. The average depth of the strait is around 18 meters. Historical Significance: Ancient Names: In ancient times, the strait was known as the Cimmerian Bosporus or Cimmerian Strait, named after the Cimmerians, a group of steppe nomads. Roman Era: The Romans referred to it as the Strait of Cimmerian Bosphorus. World War II: The strait was a significant site during World War II, witnessing naval battles and strategic operations. Modern Developments: Crimean Bridge: The Crimean Bridge, also known as the Kerch Strait Bridge, was completed in 2018. It is the longest bridge in Europe, spanning 19 kilometers (12 miles) and includes both road and rail connections. Conflict: The strait has been a point of conflict, especially after Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014. The Kerch Strait incident in 2018 saw a naval confrontation between Russia and Ukraine. Source: BBC SANTA ANA WINDS Syllabus: Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: Fire crews continue to battle a wildfire in the wealthy coastal town of Malibu, California. Although the cause of the fire is yet to be determined, experts suggest that the fire has been destructive because of two reasons, the “Santa Ana” winds and climate change. Background: – The wildfire has charred more than 4,000 acres and affected about 22,000 people. Key takeaways Santa Ana winds blow when high pressure builds over the Great Basin — the area between the Rocky Mountains and Sierra Nevada (a mountain range in the Western United States) — and the pressure is low over California’s coast. The difference in pressure triggers the movement of powerful winds from the Basin’s inland deserts, east and north of Southern California, over the mountains toward the Pacific Ocean. As the wind comes down the mountains, it compresses and heats up. The wind’s humidity also drops, sometimes to less than 20% or even less than 10%. The extremely low moisture turns vegetation dry, making it ready to burn. This process helped fuel the flames in Malibu. Santa Ana winds usually occur from October to January. Source: BBC INLAND WATERWAYS IN INDIA Syllabus: Mains – GS 3 Context: The government unveiled a major policy for cargo promotion, ‘Jalvahak’, to boost long-haul cargo movement via inland waterways across National Waterways (NW) on rivers Ganga, Brahmaputra, and Barak. Background: – India has about 14500 kilometres of navigable waterways. Despite this, Inland waterways remain underutilized at a share of 2% in India’s modal mix, compared to 35% in Bangladesh. Inland Waterways: They are navigable water bodies located within the boundaries of a country, typically away from coastal areas. The National Waterways Act of 2016, has identified 111 navigable water courses and declared them “national inland waterways”. Significance/advantages of Inland Waterways in India: It reduces transport costs as it is reported to be 60% cheaper than road transport and 20-30% cheaper than rail. According to the findings of the Integrated National Waterways Transportation Grid Study, one litre of fuel will move 24 tons through 1km on the road, 85km on the rail, and 105 km on inland water transport. So inland waterways are a fuel and energy-efficient medium of transportation as compared to the other modes of transport like rail and road. It is an environment-friendly mode of transport as it emits 10 times less carbon dioxide per ton-kilometer compared to road transport, contributing to lower greenhouse gas emissions. It does not require extensive land acquisition like that of road and rail projects. It helps in employment generation as the development of inland waterways creates jobs in various sectors such as river conservancy, vessel operation, terminal management, and tourism. It helps in creating seamless interconnectivity connecting hinterlands along navigable river coasts and coastal routes. It is likely to play a crucial role in connecting the northeastern states to the mainland. It enhances tourism development through initiatives like river cruises which help to promote cultural and heritage tourism along riverbanks. Issues/Challenges related to Inland Waterways in India: Indian rivers do not have adequate depth and northern rivers suffer from high siltation which extensive dredging a necessity. The operational efficiency is affected due to the shortage of modern terminals and maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) facilities for vessels. There have been concerns regarding environmental pollution caused due to dredging activities necessary for maintaining navigability. The safe navigation at night is hampered due to the lack of Night Navigation Facilities such as Differential Global Positioning Systems (DGPS). The passage of bigger vessels may get obstructed due to low vertical clearances from bridges. It is often burdened by regulatory complexities and overlapping jurisdictions among various government agencies. Both public and private funding in the sector is low but dredging as well as infrastructure for IWT requires huge investments. Source: Business Standard Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Which of the following statements about Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) is/are correct? POPs can bioaccumulate in the fatty tissues of organisms and magnify through the food chain. India is not a signatory to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. POPs are completely biodegradable in the environment. Options: a) 1 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Q2.) Consider the following statements regarding the Kerch Strait: It connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Azov. The Crimean Bridge, which spans the Kerch Strait, is the longest bridge in Europe. The Kerch Strait separates Crimea from Ukraine’s mainland. Options: a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Q3.) Which of the following statements about Santa Ana winds is/are correct? They are dry, warm winds originating from high-pressure areas in the Great Basin. These winds primarily occur during the summer months in Southern California. Santa Ana winds contribute to an increase in wildfire intensity. Options: a) 1 and 3 only b) 2 only c) 2 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 17th December – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – b Q.3) – a

Dec 18, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 17th December 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) EUROPEAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION (EFTA) Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: India said that its double taxation treaty with Switzerland may require renegotiation in view of its trade pact with the member states of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). Background: – The remarks from the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) came after the Swiss government suspended the most favoured nation status (MFN) clause in the India-Switzerland Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA). About European Free Trade Association (EFTA) EFTA is an intergovernmental organization of four member countries that are not part of the European Union (EU): Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland. The organization operates in parallel with the European Union (EU), and all four member states participate in the European single market and are part of the Schengen Area. EFTA vs. EU: While EFTA countries are not part of the EU, three of them (Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway) are part of the European Economic Area (EEA), which gives them access to the EU’s single market. Switzerland has bilateral agreements with the EU but is not in the EEA. India and EFTA recently signed a landmark trade agreement, the Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement (TEPA), on March 10, 2024. This agreement aims to boost trade and investment between the two sides. Key Features of the TEPA: Tariff Reductions: EFTA will eliminate tariffs on 92.2% of its tariff lines, covering 99.6% of India’s exports. India will eliminate tariffs on 82.7% of its tariff lines, covering 95.3% of EFTA exports. Investment Promotion: EFTA is unique for its inclusion of a binding $100 billion investment commitment by companies in those countries into India over the next 15 years, with one million direct jobs to be created. Market Access: The agreement improves market access for both sides in various sectors, including industrial products, fish and marine products, processed agricultural products, and services. Intellectual Property Rights: The agreement includes provisions for the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights. Sustainable Development: The agreement also addresses issues related to sustainable development, including environmental protection and labor rights. Source: Indian Express LA NIÑA AND INDIA’S CLIMATE Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – GEOGRAPHY Context: La Nina conditions are likely to develop in the next three months but the phase is expected to be relatively weak and short-lived, the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) said recently. Background: – Latest forecasts from WMO indicate a 55% likelihood of a transition from the current neutral conditions (neither El Niño nor La Niña) to La Nina conditions during December 2024 to February 2025. Key takeaways La Niña, a phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), occurs when the region of the Pacific Ocean between Indonesia and South America is cooler than usual. Its counterpart, El Niño, represents a warming of the same region. This decade began with three consecutive La Niña events (2020-2022), a rare occurrence known as Triple Dip La Niña, followed by an El Niño in 2023. Historically, the La Niña has usually formed during the monsoon or the pre-monsoon period, and it has formed only twice between October and December since 1950. La Niña and its affect on India’s climate and environment North India experiences colder winter than usual during La Niña. Analysis of meteorological data by researchers at the Council on Energy Environment and Water, New Delhi, has revealed that while La Niña winters feature colder nights compared to El Niño, daytime temperatures tend to be higher. Meteorological parameters like wind speed and planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) — the lowest atmospheric layer directly influenced by land-atmosphere interactions — also vary during ENSO phases, affecting air quality. The researchers found the average wind speed is higher throughout the day during La Niña winters. Faster winds help reduce air pollution by transporting pollutants away. They also found that the average PBLH is slightly lower during La Niña winters. If La Niña sets in, lower temperatures in north India may lead people to burn more biomass for heating, worsening pollution. A lower PBLH could also trap more pollutants near the ground. But higher wind speeds could disperse the pollutants, potentially leading to better air quality. A La Niña promotes robust monsoons as evidenced by the “normal” or “above-normal” rainfall in the La Niña years of 2020, 2021, and 2022. Source: The Hindu POLAVARAM PROJECT Syllabus: Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: The Andhra Pradesh government has prepared an action plan and set a broad milestones for various works, including completing the first phase of the Polavaram Irrigation Project by October 2026. Background: The Polavaram project, considered the lifeline of Andhra Pradesh, has witnessed multiple delays over the last few years. Key takeaways: The Polavaram Project is a significant multi-purpose irrigation project on the Godavari River in the Eluru District and East Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh. Also known as the Indira Sagar Project. The project aims to provide irrigation, drinking water, and hydroelectric power. Project was approved initially in 2004 and declared a national project under the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014. Key Features Dam Type: Earth-cum-rock fill dam. Reservoir Capacity: Gross storage capacity of 194.6 TMC. Irrigation Potential: 4.36 lakh hectares in Andhra Pradesh. Hydroelectric Power: Generation of 960 MW. In this project, Godavari-Krishna inter-linking will be implemented under the inter-linking of rivers project. The project envisages transfer of 80 TMC of surplus water of Godavari river to Krishna river. Source: The Hindu MAYOTTE Syllabus: Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: Rescuers raced against time to reach survivors and supply urgent aid after the devastating cyclone Chido ripped through the French Indian Ocean territory of Mayotte. Background: – Mayotte is France’s poorest region with an estimated third of the population living in shanty towns. About Mayotte Mayotte is an overseas department and region and single territorial collectivity of France. It is located in the northern part of the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Southeastern Africa, between Northwestern Madagascar and Northeastern Mozambique. Mayotte consists of a main island, Grande-Terre (or Maore), a smaller island, Petite-Terre (or Pamanzi), as well as several islets around these two. It is an outermost region of the European Union and, as an overseas department of France, part of the eurozone. Mayotte is the oldest of the four large islands of the Comoros archipelago (The Comoro Islands are a group of volcanic islands in the Mozambique Channel). Source: BBC GREEN HYDROGEN AND THE FINANCING CHALLENGE Syllabus: Mains – GS 3 Context: As India charts its path to net-zero emissions by 2070, green hydrogen offers a crucial pathway to decarbonise its industrial sectors Background: – India’s success in green hydrogen will depend on leveraging its abundant renewable resources through efficient project execution, access to low-cost capital, and strategic investments. Key takeaways India aims to produce 5 million metric tonnes (MMT) of green hydrogen annually by 2030. Based on a recent analysis by BloombergNEF, India is on track to meet only 10% of its stated goal. The sluggish progress is attributable to the substantial disparity between green hydrogen production costs ($5.30-$6.70 per kg) and traditional grey/blue production costs ($1.9-$2.4 per kg). This wide price differential makes it challenging to drive domestic offtake and attract private investment. The economics of green hydrogen production hinge on two factors — the levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) and electrolyzer costs, both driven by the cost of capital. In emerging markets like India, perceived higher risks push up borrowing costs, leading to a high weighted average cost of capital (WACC). As investment costs make up 50-80% of LCOE in renewable energy projects, WACC significantly impacts overall costs. India needs to adopt innovative financing mechanisms and policy frameworks to effectively de-risk investments and attract capital to scale its green hydrogen sector. Policy Reforms The U.K.’s Low Carbon Hydrogen Standard Certification provides a model for building market confidence. Strategic hydrogen hubs in the U.S., Japan, and Australia reflect a shift from traditional industrial development approaches — rather than letting infrastructure follow demand, these nations are fostering integrated ecosystems where infrastructure, production, innovation, and consumption co-evolve. Adapting this approach, with localised industrial clusters linked to renewable energy sources, could create self-sustaining hydrogen corridors in India that attract investment. How to de-risk investments First, the government must implement a policy framework that extends beyond production incentives to address fundamental financing barriers. This includes establishing long-term hydrogen purchase agreements and partial loan guarantees. It should also create “regulatory sandboxes” that allow for experimentation with novel business models while maintaining safety standards, similar to how fintech innovation was accelerated in India. Second, India’s financial sector must move beyond traditional project finance paradigms. Indian financial institutions must develop products that address hydrogen’s distinctive challenges — long development timelines, uncertain demand, and complex value chains. Third, India’s international collaboration should aim to tackle practical market-making challenges. Key trade corridors, such as the Hydrogen Energy Supply Chain Project between Australia and Japan, show how cross-border partnerships can provide the demand certainty needed for large-scale investments. Source: The Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Consider the following statements regarding La Niña and its impact on India: La Niña conditions are associated with colder winters in North India. During La Niña winters, wind speeds tend to decrease, leading to increased air pollution. La Niña generally promotes above-normal monsoons in India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A) 1 and 2 only B) 1 and 3 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3 Q2.) With reference to the Polavaram Project, consider the following statements: The Polavaram Project is constructed on the Krishna River. It involves the transfer of 80 TMC of surplus water from the Godavari River to the Krishna River. The project was declared a national project under the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A) 1 only B) 2 and 3 only C) 1 and 2 only D) 2 only Q3.) Mayotte, often in the news, is geographically located: A) Between Madagascar and Mozambique in the Indian Ocean. B) Near the eastern coast of Australia in the Pacific Ocean. C) Between Sri Lanka and the Maldives in the Indian Ocean. D) Off the west coast of South America in the Atlantic Ocean. Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 16th December – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – c Q.2) – b Q.3) – b

Dec 17, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 17th December 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

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