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Jan 18, 2025 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 17th January 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) PAY COMMISSION Syllabus: Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: On 16 January, the Union government announced the constitution of the 8th Pay Commission. Background: – Since 1947, seven Pay Commissions have been constituted, with the last one constituted in 2014 and implemented on January 1, 2016. The 7th pay commission saw an expenditure increase of Rs 1 lakh crore for fiscal 2016-17. Key takeaways A Pay Commission, set up by the government of India, decides the salary and compensation of Central government staffers and allowances of pensioners. Pay commissions consult with central and state governments, along with other stakeholders, before recommending salary structures, benefits, and allowances for government employees. The commission also suggests formulas for revising dearness allowance and dearness relief for central government employees and pensioners, aiming to offset the impact of inflation. The recommendations are suggestive, there is no obligation on the government to accept the recommendations of the pay commission. There are over 49 lakh central government employees and nearly 65 lakh pensioners who will benefit. Generally, every 10 years, the central government implements a pay commission to revise employee remuneration. As the 7th Pay Commission’s term concludes in 2026, initiating the process now ensures sufficient time to receive and review recommendations before its completion. Source: Indian Express RIVER INTERLINKING Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: India, with 17% of the world’s population but only 4% of its freshwater resources, faces uneven water distribution. The river interlinking project aims to address challenges from topography, climate, natural disasters, and water inequality. Background: – The idea of interlinking rivers goes back to 1858 when Captain Arthur Cotton, a British Army engineer, first proposed linking rivers through canals, mainly for inland navigation. River interlinking in India River interlinking is a large-scale water management strategy involving human-induced water redistribution from surplus areas to areas experiencing shortages. The strategy involves connecting two or more basins through a network of canals, reservoirs, pipelines, etc. In 1980, the Ministry of Irrigation (Now the Ministry of Water Resources) framed the National Perspective Plan (NPP) for inter-basin water transfer. The plan identified 30 link projects divided into two components:14 Himalayan and 16 Peninsular link projects. Subsequently, in 1982, The National Water Development Agency (NWDA) was set up to study and implement river interlinking projects. In 2002, in response to a Public Interest Litigation or PIL, the Supreme Court ordered the government to complete all river links within 12 years, bringing the issue to the forefront. Ken-Betwa Link Project On December 25, 2024, Prime Minister laid the foundation stone of the Ken-Betwa Link Project (KBLP) in Madhya Pradesh. The project aims to provide irrigation to Bundelkhand. In this project, surplus water from the Ken River in Madhya Pradesh will be transferred to the Betwa River in Uttar Pradesh. Both of these rivers are right-bank tributaries of the Yamuna River. The project will irrigate 10.62 lakh hectares (8.11 lakh ha in MP and 2.51 lakh ha in UP) of land annually and supply drinking water to about 62 lakh people. This project will generate 103 MW of hydropower and 27 MW of solar energy. The project passes through Panna Tiger Reserve. KBLP is the first project under the National Perspective Plan that is currently being implemented. Significance of river interlinking The scheme aims to transfer about 200 billion Cubic Meters (BCM) of water annually from water-rich to drought-prone regions. It will irrigate 34 million hectares of agricultural land and generate 34,000 MW of substantial hydropower. It will ensure continuous and reliable water supply for irrigation, which can hugely increase the country’s agricultural productivity. Additionally, interlinking projects will lead to equitable access to water resources for drinking and industrial uses by reducing regional imbalances in current water availability. Equitable and reliable water supply will also support industries and help in employment generation. They will also help mitigate floods’ impacts by storing excess water in reservoirs. Simultaneously, this stored water can be used to provide relief during droughts. Environmental and social concerns The inter-basin water transfer will change the river morphology and also have an impact on the physical and chemical composition of the sediment load. Subsequently, it will also affect the water quality and ecosystem of the region. The large-scale diversion of water can disrupt the river’s natural ecosystem and affect the habitat of the various species. Canals and reservoirs can alter the migratory routes of fish and other species, which, as a result, will decline, eventually leading to biodiversity loss. Water transfer may also disturb the inter-relationship between rivers and climatic attributes such as temperature, precipitation and Humidity. The construction activities will cause significant social disruptions mainly due to the displacement of populations. Water is a state subject, and conflicts exist among states regarding water-sharing. Moreover, these projects are excessively expensive. Also, such large-scale projects often suffer from time and cost overruns, diminishing their economic viability. Therefore, the economic feasibility of these projects needs to be assessed against more cost-effective, sustainable, and environment-friendly alternatives such as rainwater harvesting, local water conservation, and efficient irrigation. It may be more suitable to explore localised solutions alongside these large-scale projects. Source: Indian Express KASHI TAMIL SANGAMAM Syllabus: Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan announced that the main theme of the third edition of Kashi Tamil Sangamam, a cultural exchange programme scheduled to be held from February 14 to 25, will be Rishi Agastya. Background: The first edition of the programme was held in 2022. Key takeaways Kashi Tamil Sangamam is an annual month-long programme organized by the Ministry of Education, Government of India to celebrate, reaffirm and rediscover the age-old links between Tamil Nadu and Varanasi. The event underscores the connections between these two ancient centers of learning and spirituality. The most recent third edition of the Kashi Tamil Sangamam is scheduled from February 15 to 24, 2025. The main theme in this year’s event is highlighting the significant contributions of Sage Agasthyar to the Siddha System of Medicine (Bharatiya Chikitsa), Classical Tamil Literature, and also his contributions in the cultural unity of the Nation. In this edition, around 1000 people under 5 categories (Students, Teachers, Farmers & Artisans, Professionals and small Entrepreneurs, women, and Researchers) will participate. An online registration portal has been launched, and the selection of participants will be done through a quiz. Seminars and cultural programmes will be held during the programme. Participants will visit Varanasi, Prayagraj, and Ayodhya, and with the event coinciding with the Maha Kumbh, they will also visit the Kumbh. Objectives: Strengthen Cultural Bonds: Deepen the understanding and appreciation of each other’s cultural practices and heritage. Promote Knowledge Exchange: Facilitate the exchange of traditional knowledge systems and contemporary innovations. Encourage Tourism and Education: Boost tourism between the regions and promote educational interactions across universities. Source: Indian Express SIACHEN GLACIER Syllabus: Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: Reliance Jio announced that it had extended its 4G and 5G services to Siachen Glacier, known as the world’s highest battlefield. Background: – Reliance Jio noted that it worked with Army Signallers of the Indian army in order to manage the logistics and airlift Jio equipment to the glacier in freezing weather conditions. Key takeaways Location and Geography: Situated in the eastern Karakoram range in the Himalayas. The Siachen Glacier is positioned from northwest to southeast. It originates at the base of the Indira Col West, a col (low point) on the Indira Ridge, at an altitude of 6,115 metres (20,062 feet), and it descends to an altitude of 3,570 metres (11,713 feet). Length: Approximately 76 km, making it the longest glacier in the Karakoram and the second-longest in non-polar regions. Lies to the north of the Nubra Valley in Ladakh. At the glacier’s snout, two proglacial meltwater streams emerge, and eventually they combine into a single stream, thus forming the Nubra River in the Indian union territory of Ladakh. The Nubra flows 90 km before its confluence with the Shyok River, which in turn drains into the approximately 3,200-km- long Indus River. Strategic Importance: Positioned at the tri-junction of India, Pakistan, and China, making it geopolitically significant. Overlooks major supply routes and the Karakoram Pass, crucial for controlling the region. Conflict and Military Presence: The Siachen region has been at the center of military significance due to its strategic position between India and Pakistan. India controls the entire Siachen Glacier since the Operation Meghdoot in 1984 Highest militarized zone in the world, with troops stationed at altitudes exceeding 20,000 feet. Source: The Hindu TUNGABHADRA RIVER Syllabus: Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: The Tungabhadra water has turned green around Shiranahalli, Gangapur and Korlahalli villages in Mundargi taluk of Gadag district creating panic among the residents Background: – According to the residents, the river flowing in the region usually dries up during summer and the water left in puddles turns green. However, this year, flowing river water turning green has caused anxiety among them. Key takeaways The Tungabhadra River is a prominent river in southern India.It is a key tributary of the Krishna River and plays a vital role in the irrigation, hydroelectricity, and water supply of the region. Geographical Features: Source: Originates in the Western Ghats at the confluence of the Tunga and Bhadra rivers near Kudremukh in Karnataka. Course: Flows for approximately 531 km through Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana before merging with the Krishna River at Sangameswaram in Andhra Pradesh. Basin Area: Covers about 71,417 square kilometers across Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and a small part of Telangana. Irrigation: The river supports extensive agricultural activities in the Deccan Plateau. The Tungabhadra Dam near Hospet in Karnataka provides irrigation to over 1.25 million hectares of land. Hydroelectric Power: The dam generates hydroelectric power, contributing to the energy requirements of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Historical Importance: The river was central to the prosperity of the Vijayanagara Empire, with Hampi located on its banks. Source: The Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Which of the following statements regarding the Siachen Glacier is/are correct? The Siachen Glacier is the longest glacier in the Karakoram range and the second-longest in the world. The glacier forms the source of the Nubra River, which eventually merges with the Shyok River. Operation Meghdoot was launched by India to secure the Siachen Glacier. Options: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1, 2, and 3 (d) 1 and 3 only Q2.) Consider the following statements regarding the Tungabhadra River: It originates from the confluence of the Tunga and Bhadra rivers in the Eastern Ghats. The Tungabhadra Dam provides irrigation to more than 1.25 million hectares of land. The river was historically significant for the Vijayanagara Empire. Options: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1, 2, and 3 (d) 1 and 3 only Q3.) With reference to the Pay Commission in India, consider the following statements: The recommendations of the Pay Commission are binding on the government. The 7th Pay Commission was implemented on January 1, 2016. Pay Commissions are generally constituted every 5 years to revise central government employee salaries. Options: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 2 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 16th January – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – a Q.3) – a

Jan 17, 2025 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2025 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 17th January 2025

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

Jan 17, 2025 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 16th January 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) BHARAT RANBHOOMI DARSHAN Syllabus: Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: In a historic move to showcase India’s military heritage, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh unveiled the Bharat Ranbhoomi Darshan on January 15, 2025, during the 77th Army Day celebrations in Pune. Background: – This initiative is a joint effort between the Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of Tourism to highlight India’s rich military heritage and honor the sacrifices made by the armed forces Key Aspects of Bharat Ranbhoomi Darshan: Historical Battlefield Sites: The initiative includes iconic war zones like Siachen (the world’s highest battlefield), Galwan (site of the 2020 India-China clash), and Longewala (highlighted in the 1971 India-Pakistan war), Kibithoo and Bum La Pass (locations in Arunachal Pradesh from the 1962 war with China) among others. Digital Tools: A dedicated app and website provide detailed insights into the historical significance of these sites, including virtual tours, historical narratives, and multimedia content. For those planning visits, the platform offers comprehensive travel information. Economic and Educational Benefits: By opening these regions to tourism, the initiative aims to boost local economies, provide educational opportunities, and inspire patriotism among visitors. The program aligns with the broader “Incredible India” campaign, merging tourism with educational experiences. Additional Information Most of these sites fall along India’s borders with China (Line of Actual Control) and Pakistan (Line of Control) that have had a history of wars after independence and other clashes in recent times. What is the Line of Actual Control? The LAC is the demarcation that separates Indian-controlled territory from Chinese-controlled territory. India considers the LAC to be 3,488 km long, while the Chinese consider it to be only around 2,000 km. It is divided into three sectors: the eastern sector which spans Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim, the middle sector in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh, and the western sector in Ladakh. How is the LAC different from the Line of Control with Pakistan? The LoC emerged from the 1948 ceasefire line negotiated by the UN after the Kashmir War. It was designated as the LoC in 1972, following the Shimla Agreement between the two countries. It is delineated on a map signed by DGMOs of both armies and has the international sanctity of a legal agreement. The LAC, in contrast, is only a concept – it is not agreed upon by the two countries, neither delineated on a map or demarcated on the ground. Source: Indian Express EVOLUTION OF INDIAN AGRICULTURE Syllabus: Mains – GS 3 Context: As one of the oldest agrarian societies in the world, India’s farming practices have evolved over the years. However, agriculture today stands at a crossroads, with farmers grappling with challenges like climate change, shrinking arable land, depleting freshwater reserves, and rising input costs. Background: – While there has been a major shift in agriculture’s contribution to the Gross Value Added in the economy from 61.7% in 1950 to 16.3% in 2020, the proportion of the workforce engaged in agriculture remains high at 46.5% as of 2020 compared to 69.2% in 1950-51. From subsistence farming to market-oriented practices In subsistence farming, farmers usually raise crops or livestock to fulfil the needs of their families. Subsistence agriculture can be broadly classified into two types – Primitive subsistence agriculture and Intensive subsistence agriculture. Primitive subsistence agriculture or shifting cultivation involves clearing vegetation by fire and cultivating the land for 4-5 years before abandoning it. This practice is common in the northeastern states, where it is known as Jhuming, and Odisha and Telangana, where it is called Podu. Intensive subsistence agriculture is prevalent in densely populated regions with monsoon climates. Subsistence farming is labour-intensive as it lacks mechanization due to the small size of holdings. Organic manure is commonly used and fertilizers and pesticides are rare, resulting in low productivity. In addition, there is a high dependence on the monsoon. Predominance of small and marginal land holdings and monsoon dependence According to the Agricultural Census 2015-16, small( 1-2 hectares) and marginal (<1 hectare) land holdings make up over 86% of the total agricultural land holdings in India. The average land holding size is just 0.38 hectares for marginal farmers and 1.4 hectares for small farmers. As per NITI Aayog, 55% of the net cropped area in India is under irrigation, while the rest is dependent on the monsoon for irrigation. There are various issues associated with the dependence on the monsoon. These include insufficient rainfall in the events of El Nino, excess rainfall (La Nina) causing destruction of crops and flooding, untimely rainfall, and dry spells during the monsoon season. Shift to profit-driven agricultural practices Over time, there has been a gradual shift towards market-oriented agricultural practices, including diversification and the cultivation of high-value crops. Farmers are increasingly moving away from traditional food crops to non-food crops that offer higher returns, such as horticulture, floriculture, sericulture, viniculture, and apiculture. This shift reflects a structural change in the demand for high-value agricultural products like fruits, vegetables, and meat. Commercial farming in India is characterised by capital-intensive practices, the use of inorganic and modern inputs, advanced irrigation techniques, and larger landholdings. These trends indicate a move towards more specialised, profit-driven agricultural practices. Challenges and the way forward The evolving nature of Indian Agriculture presents it with various challenges, such as the need for modern techniques, greater awareness, and better access to extension services. Overuse of fertilisers and inadequate soil conservation has resulted in soil degradation, underlining the potential and need for organic farming. Furthermore, the lack of adequate infrastructure, including storage facilities, cold chains, and poor road networks, causes substantial post-harvest losses. Another pressing issue is the lack of credit to small and marginal farmers, which limits their ability to invest. The government has introduced various measures to improve agriculture. Some of the initiatives are PM-KISAN, Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana, the formation and promotion of 10,000 FPOs scheme, the Agriculture Infrastructure Fund, the Soil Health Card scheme, the Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana, Market Intervention Scheme, Micro Irrigation Fund, and Namo Drone Didi. Source: Indian Express MISSION MAUSAM Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: During the inaugural event to celebrate 150 years of the India Meteorological Department (IMD), P M Modi launched ‘Mission Mausam’. Background: Established in 1875, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) completed 150 years of service on January 15. About Mission Mausam The mission aims to upgrade the capabilities of India’s weather department in forecasting, modelling, and dissemination. The primary objectives of Mission Mausam are: To enhance India’s capability in weather forecasting across various scales—short-term, medium-term, extended-range, and seasonal. To develop high-resolution models for improved accuracy in predicting monsoon behaviour. To strengthen observational networks with advanced radars, satellites, and automated weather stations. To provide actionable advisories for agriculture, water resources, energy, health, and disaster management sectors. To build capacity through research collaborations with national and international institutions. Mission Mausam will have a budget of Rs 2,000 crore for the first two years of its implementation. Mission Mausam adopts a multi-pronged approach to achieve its objectives: Infrastructure Development: Installation of Doppler Weather Radars (DWRs), Automatic Weather Stations (AWS), and rain gauges across the country. Supercomputing Power: Leveraging high-performance computing systems like Pratyush and Mihir for advanced climate modelling. Collaborative Research: Partnerships with global organizations like the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) to enhance forecasting techniques. Public Outreach: Dissemination of user-friendly advisories through mobile apps (e.g., Mausam app), SMS services, and media channels. The mission will also ‘manage’ certain weather events, and on-demand, enhance or suppress rainfall, hail, fog and, later, lightning strikes. For effective weather modification, one of the most important areas is cloud physics. Towards this end, India is establishing a first-of-its-kind cloud chamber at the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune. A cloud chamber resembles a closed cylindrical or tubular drum, inside which water vapour, aerosols, etc. are injected. Under the desired humidity and temperature inside this chamber, a cloud can develop. With Mission Mausam, India will build a cloud chamber with convection properties, as required to study Indian monsoon clouds. Source: Indian Express DIEGO GARCIA Syllabus: Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: Even as Tamil Nadu’s coastal communities continue to face challenges due to the regular arrests of fishermen by the Sri Lankan Navy, another group of ten fishermen from Thothoor village in the state has been allegedly arrested by the British Navy near Diego Garcia Island. Background: – The fishermen were reportedly arrested for allegedly crossing the International Maritime Boundary Line (IMBL). Key takeaways Diego Garcia is a coral atoll located in the central Indian Ocean, forming the largest and southernmost part of the Chagos Archipelago. It is part of the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) and serves as a strategic military base jointly operated by the United Kingdom and the United States. Location: Approximately 3,535 km east of Tanzania, 2,984 km east-southeast of Somalia, and 726 km south of the Maldives Diego Garcia’s location along major international trade routes between Asia and Africa enhances its strategic importance. The joint UK-US military base supports various operations and serves as a logistical hub for forces operating in the Indo-Pacific region. The sovereignty of Diego Garcia has been a subject of international dispute. Mauritius claims the Chagos Archipelago, including Diego Garcia, as its territory. In October 2024, the UK announced plans to transfer sovereignty of the Chagos Islands to Mauritius, while retaining a long-term lease for the military base on Diego Garcia. Source: NDTV HYDROCLIMATE WHIPLASH Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – GEOGRAPHY Context: The wildfires that have devastated large parts of the Los Angeles city and surrounding areas in the United States since January 7 occurred due to rare meteorological conditions enhanced by global warming and consequent climate change, mainly due to a ‘hydroclimate whiplash’. Background: – The blazes have already killed 24 people and burnt 12,000 structures to the ground over an area of 155 square kilometres as of January 13 and may intensify further due to fierce winds in the coming days. Key takeaways Hydroclimate whiplash refers to rapid and extreme transitions between very wet and very dry conditions in a region. This phenomenon is becoming more frequent and severe due to climate change, leading to significant environmental and societal impacts. Causes of Hydroclimate Whiplash: A primary driver is the increasing capacity of a warmer atmosphere to hold moisture. For every degree Celsius of warming, the atmosphere can hold about 7% more water vapor. This “expanding atmospheric sponge” effect results in: Intensified Precipitation: When the saturated atmosphere releases moisture, it leads to heavier and more intense rainfall events. Enhanced Evaporation: A warmer atmosphere also increases evaporative demand, drawing more moisture from soils and vegetation, which exacerbates drought conditions during dry periods. These dynamics contribute to more pronounced swings between wet and dry periods, characteristic of hydroclimate whiplash. Impacts of Hydroclimate Whiplash: Wildfires: Periods of heavy rainfall promote vegetation growth, which, during subsequent droughts, becomes dry fuel, increasing wildfire risk. This sequence has been observed in regions like California, where wet winters followed by dry summers have led to severe wildfires. Flooding and Landslides: Intense rainfall can lead to flash floods and landslides, especially when occurring after prolonged dry spells that compromise soil stability. Agricultural Disruption: Crops may suffer from alternating flooding and drought conditions, affecting food production and security. Water Resource Management Challenges: The unpredictability of water availability complicates the management of reservoirs and water supplies, impacting both human consumption and ecological needs. Source: Down To Earth Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) With reference to Diego Garcia, consider the following statements: Diego Garcia is a coral atoll located in the Atlantic Ocean. It serves as a strategic military base jointly operated by the United Kingdom and the United States. The sovereignty of Diego Garcia has been a subject of international dispute involving Mauritius. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Q2.) Hydroclimate whiplash is characterized by which of the following? Rapid transitions between very wet and very dry conditions. Stable level of atmospheric pressure. Enhanced stability in water resource management. Select the correct answer using the codes below: (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Q3.) Which of the following is/are objectives of Mission Mausam? Strengthening India’s capability in weather forecasting. Developing high-resolution models for improved accuracy in monsoon predictions. Enhancing collaborative research with World Health Organization (WHO). Select the correct answer using the codes below: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 15th January – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – d Q.3) – d

Jan 16, 2025 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2025 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 16th January 2025

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

Jan 16, 2025 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 15th January 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) INDIAN ARMY DAY 2025 Syllabus: Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: Indian Army Day is observed every year on January 15. Background: – Army Day is celebrated to mark the occasion when General (later Field Marshal) K M Cariappa took over the command of the Indian Army from General Sir F R R Bucher, the last British Commander-in-Chief, in 1949 and became the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of Independent India. Key takeaways Pune is hosting the Army Day parade for the first time, marking a historical event. This will be the third occasion on which a city other than New Delhi will host the Army Day Parade, keeping in line with the Union government’s decision to hold events of national importance outside the national capital. This is the second occasion when the Pune-headquartered Southern Command is hosting the event in its area of responsibility after Bengaluru, where it was held in 2023. In addition to being home to the strategically significant Southern Command, Pune is also home to some major defence establishments. The over-200-year-old Bombay Engineer Group and Centre, which will coincidently host the Army Day Parade, stands as a major centre of military engineering. Premier defence training establishments like the National Defence Academy, Armed Forces Medical College, College of Military Engineering, Military Intelligence Training School and Depot, and INS Shivaji put Pune on the global map of military training. Additional Information – Year of Defence Reforms India has declared 2025 the year of defence reforms. The focus will be on rolling out integrated theatre commands to boost tri-services synergy and ensure simpler and time-sensitive military procurement, with a broader aim of transforming the military into a technologically advanced force. Source: Indian Express INTERNAL MIGRATION Syllabus: Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: According to the 2011 Census, 37% of India’s population comprises internal migrants, up from 31% in 2001. The Periodic Labour Force Survey 2020-21 estimated a migration rate of 28.9%. Recent report from Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM) shows slowing domestic migration. Background: – Understanding India’s migration story requires a deeper engagement with data that captures its various dimensions. Key takeaways Rural-urban migration is the most dominant form of migration in India, often attributed to better employment opportunities, especially in the informal sector. At the same time, agricultural issues, poverty, unemployment, and environmental degradation in rural areas are also seen as drivers of rural-urban migration. Studies have found that in–migration in India is more prevalent in states with higher per capita Net State Domestic Product like Maharashtra, Karnataka, Gujarat, Haryana, and Punjab. In contrast, states such as Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Rajasthan, and Odisha send a large number of migrants to the economically advanced states. Regional stories of migration Kerala has emerged as a “new Gulf of India” as internal migrants from the Northern, Eastern, and North-Eastern parts of the country come to the state for livelihood opportunities. Interestingly, Kerala is also known for its high out-migration overseas. This outward migration is driven by the state’s high education and skill levels along with the reluctance of its youth to take up non-white collar jobs. The resulting labour gap in sectors like construction and blue-collar work is filled by in-migration from other states. The example of Uttarakhand can also be noted to understand how migration patterns differ across regions. The 2011 Census data reveals a stark contrast in population growth between hill districts (0.7%) and plain districts (2.8%). A key reason behind this disparity can be attributed to the large-scale emigration from the hill districts, driven by dependence on the subsistence economy, lack of employment opportunities, and the impact of climate and natural disasters. This has led to significant depopulation of villages and given rise to “ghost villages” – villages that are not inhabited by a single person but still retain their land and houses. The paradox of internal migration For migrant-sending states, studies have also highlighted the role of remittances in improving the lives of those left behind. It has been found that age has been a crucial determinant of both migration and remittance patterns. Around 25-60% of the total remittances in India are sent by individuals aged 15-45 years. Furthermore, studies have also focussed on the experiences of left-behind women in migrant households and the emerging processes of “feminisation of agriculture” or “feminisation of labour”. For migrant-receiving states, there is a need to understand how increasing in-migration places rising pressure on housing, water availability, sanitation, health, and education. The risks of urban poverty, the rise in urban slums, and the expansion of the urban informal economy need to be addressed more actively. Why upward mobility remains elusive for migrant workers Studies have highlighted that caste and class hierarchies, along with landlessness and debt – factors that shape migrant’s political and socio-economic status in source areas – often accompany them to their destination areas. Therefore, upward mobility for migrants from marginalised groups becomes very difficult, with only a small fraction able to marginally improve their condition after settling in urban areas. Migrant workers often become a “footloose” labour force, with little to no access to social protection mechanisms and social security benefits. However, there are policies that aim to address the challenges faced by informal workers. These include the Unorganised Workers’ Social Security Act 2008, Maternity Benefits Act 1961 (Amendment 2017), Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana, the Street Vendors (Protection of Livelihood and Regulations of Street Vending) Act, 2014, the Rajasthan Platform Based Gig Workers Act, and the Karnataka State Gig Workers Insurance Scheme. Effective implementation of such policies can ensure that migrant-receiving states provide better opportunities and protection to their migrant informal workers. Source: Indian Express RUPEE DEPRECIATION Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – ECONOMY Context: The rupee weakened to its all-time low on Tuesday, hitting a record low of 86.6475 before closing at 86.63 against the US dollar. Background: In the last three months, the Indian rupee has depreciated by around 3.2 percent against the US dollar. Key takeaways Rupee depreciation refers to a decline in the value of the Indian Rupee (₹) relative to foreign currencies, for example to the US Dollar ($). It means more rupees are required to buy a unit of foreign currency. Reasons behind current fall of rupee The strong dollar, rise in crude oil prices and selling by foreign investors in the equity market are the major reasons for depreciation in the rupee. US jobs report came out which was higher than market consensus. Robust economic data in the US has pushed US 10-year yields higher, triggering capital outflows from emerging markets like India. Sharp rise in crude oil prices. How does a weak rupee affect the economy? A weak rupee increases the import bill since importers pay in dollars. Weaker rupee means more expensive imports which hike inflation in the country. For example, higher oil prices lead to higher transport costs, making food items costlier. Higher import bill worsens trade deficit. Pharmaceuticals, textiles and IT sectors will benefit from an improvement in export revenues in rupee terms since these are export-centric sectors. A weaker rupee will help make exports more competitive and by protecting the interest of domestic manufacturers from cheap import substitutes. Import-dependent sectors (energy, electronics, chemicals, transportation) will be negatively impacted. Debt servicing costs of companies that have raised funds from overseas will go up. Those who want to study abroad will be hit hard by a weakening rupee, paying more than before for their studies. A weakening rupee stoking inflation will make the RBI’s job to control inflation harder and also lower possibilities of a rate cut which many expect due to the recent slump in India’s GDP growth rate. Source: Economic Times RAT-HOLE MINING Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: An oral question from the Supreme Court to the Union government continues to remain unanswered even as rescue workers recover bodies of workers who died trapped in a flooded rat-hole coal mine at Dima Hasao district in Assam. Background: – Unlike in Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand, coal seams in Meghalaya are very thin. This, miners say, makes rat-hole mining more economically viable than opencast mining. Key takeaways Rat-hole mining refers to an unscientific and hazardous coal extraction method involving small tunnels barely allowing workers to crawl in and out. It is of two types: Side-Cutting Mining: Conducted on hill slopes by following visible coal seams (dark brown or black-banded coal within rock layers). Box-Cutting Mining: Involves digging a circular or square pit (approximately 5 sq. meters wide) to a depth of up to 400 feet. Miners descend using makeshift cranes or rope-and-bamboo ladders. Once coal seams are located, horizontal tunnels are dug in all directions from the pit’s edge, resembling octopus tentacles. Why is such mining banned? The government has little control over the land in Meghalaya, a Sixth Schedule State where the Coal Mines Nationalisation Act of 1973 does not apply. The landowners are thus also the owners of the minerals beneath. Coal mining boomed after Meghalaya attained statehood in 1972. However, the terrain and expenses involved discouraged mine owners from employing advanced drilling machines. So, labourers mainly from Assam, Nepal, and adjoining Bangladesh were employed. Apart from issues of safety and health, unregulated mining led to land degradation, deforestation, and water with high concentrations of sulphates, iron, and toxic heavy metals, low dissolved oxygen, and high biochemical oxygen demand. At least two rivers, Lukha and Myntdu, became too acidic to sustain aquatic life. Environmentalists and human rights activists began flagging the hazards of rat-hole mining in Meghalaya two decades ago. The campaign intensified after Impulse, a Meghalaya-based NGO, began addressing the issue of human trafficking and child labour in such mines. The State’s Department of Mining and Geology refuted the claim but, under pressure from the National Human Rights Commission, admitted in 2013 that 222 children were employed in rat-hole mines, specifically in the East Jaintia Hills district. NGT banned rat-hole mining in Meghalaya in 2014. The State has an estimated reserve of 576.48 million tonnes of low-ash, high-sulphur coal belonging to the Eocene age (33-56 million years ago). The stakes for a section of locals have been so high that the State government has been under pressure to facilitate the resumption of mining legally. Source: The Hindu UTRICULARIA Syllabus: Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: A rare and unique carnivorous plant ‘Utricularia’ has been found in Rajasthan’s Keoladeo National Park in large numbers this season. Background: – This plant is typically found in regions like Meghalaya and Darjeeling. Key takeaways Utricularia, commonly known as bladderworts, is a genus of carnivorous plants belonging to the family Lentibulariaceae. Utricularia species are found in diverse habitats, ranging from fresh water and wet soils to tropical rainforest canopies. They can be terrestrial or aquatic. Trap Mechanism: Utricularia plants do not have a typical root system; instead, they possess small bladder-like traps attached to their stolons (horizontal stems). These bladders exhibit highly sophisticated carnivorous mechanisms. When prey, such as tiny invertebrates, triggers the sensory hairs on the trapdoor, the bladder rapidly sucks in water and the prey. Feeding and Digestion: The bladders capture a variety of small prey, including protozoa, rotifers, water fleas , and even larger organisms like mosquito larvae, nematodes, and tadpoles. Enzymes digest the prey, providing nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus, which are scarce in their habitats. Utricularia species are notable for their attractive and often colorful flowers, which can resemble orchids or snapdragons Source: etvbharat Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Consider the following statements: Indian Army Day is celebrated on January 15 to commemorate the first Indian Commander-in-Chief taking charge of the Indian Army. Pune is hosting the Army Day Parade for the first time in 2025. The National Defence Academy is located in Hyderabad, India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 1 and 2 only c) 1, 2, and 3 d) 2 and 3 only Q2.) Which of the following factors can lead to rupee depreciation? High crude oil prices Robust economic growth in the US Decreasing foreign investments in Indian equity markets Select the correct answer using the codes given below: a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Q3.) With reference to the carnivorous plant Utricularia, consider the following statements: Utricularia is commonly known as bladderwort. It is a genus of carnivorous plants. Utricularia species are found in diverse habitats, ranging from fresh water and wet soils to tropical rainforest canopies. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? a) 1 and 3 only b) 2 only c) 1 and 2 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 14th January – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – b Q.3) – a

Jan 15, 2025 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 14th January 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) INDIA BANGLADESH BORDER Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) summoned the Head of Mission at the High Commission of Bangladesh to convey that fencing works on the India-Bangladesh border was being carried out in accordance with “all protocols and agreements”. Background: – The conversation took place a day after Bangladesh Foreign Secretary expressed deep concern to Indian High Commissioner in Dhaka about the construction works by the Border Security Force (BSF) along the border. Key takeaways The India-Bangladesh border is approximately 4,096.7 km, making it the longest international border that India shares with any country. States Sharing the Border: West Bengal (2,216.7 km), Assam (263 km), Meghalaya (443 km), Tripura (856 km), Mizoram (318 km) Geography: The border passes through plains, rivers, hills, and densely populated areas. Major rivers like the Ganga, Brahmaputra flow across this region. The border was drawn during the partition of India, based on the Radcliffe Line, dividing Bengal into West Bengal (India) and East Bengal (later East Pakistan, now Bangladesh). The current issue Border Guards Bangladesh (BGB) attempted to obstruct the construction of a barbed wire fence on the international border in West Bengal’s Malda and Cooch Bihar ditsrict. According to the 1975 Joint India-Bangladesh Guidelines for Border Authorities, no defence structure can be constructed within 150 yards from the zero line or the international boundary by either side. India does not consider wire fencing as a defense structure, but Bangladesh and Pakistan do. Bangladesh’s objections to single row fencing (SRF) are essentially two pronged: the first argument, which is most commonly cited, is the 1975 agreement on no fencing within 150 yards of the international border. The second argument is that fencing causes inconvenience to residents along the international border. Source: Indian Express MAKAR SANKRANTI Syllabus: Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: Makar Sankranti was celebrated on January 14. Background: – This festival marks the arrival of the harvest season and the end of winter. It is also associated with different traditions like flying kites and taking holy dip in rivers. Key takeaways When the Sun begins its northward journey after reaching its southernmost point, it is said to enter Uttarayan. Conversely, when the Sun started travelling southward from its northernmost position, it is said to enter Daksinayana. Considered one of the most ancient Hindu festivals, Uttarayan is celebrated in north India as Makar Sankranti, and is dedicated to the sun god. In the states of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and Rajasthan, Makar Sankranti is observed. In West Bengal and North-east region, Makar Sankranti is observed as Poush Sankranti. Tamil Nadu observes Pongal on this day, while Kerala observes this day as Makara Vilakku. In Assam, Makar Sankranti is observed as Magh Bihu. In Punjab, Maghi is celebrated on this day. Source: Indian Express NATIONAL LIVESTOCK MISSION (NLM) Syllabus: Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: The Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, under the Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying, hosted an Entrepreneurship Development Conclave in Pune, Maharashtra, themed “Empowering Entrepreneurs: Transforming Livestock Economies.” Background: Government is implementing flagship schemes such as the Animal Husbandry Infrastructure Development Fund (AHIDF) and National Livestock Mission (NLM). By showcasing opportunities under NLM and AHIDF, the conclave aimed to drive inclusive growth and empower rural farmers and small enterprises. Key takeaways The National Livestock Mission (NLM), launched in 2014–15 by the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Government of India, aims to ensure comprehensive development of the livestock sector, focusing on improving feed and fodder, breed development, and increasing per animal productivity. Objectives of NLM: Employment Generation: Through entrepreneurship development in small ruminant (sheep, goats), poultry, piggery, and fodder sectors. Increasing Productivity: Enhancement of per animal productivity through breed improvement. Production Increase: Upscaling the production of meat, eggs, goat milk, wool, and fodder. Fodder and Feed Availability: Strengthening the fodder seed supply chain and increasing the availability of certified fodder seeds. Fodder Processing Units: Encouraging the establishment of fodder processing units (e.g., hay bailing, silage making) to decrease the demand-supply gap. Risk Management: Promotion of livestock insurance and other risk management measures. Applied Research: Supporting research in prioritized areas like poultry, sheep, goat, feed, and fodder. Capacity Building: Strengthening the extension machinery to provide quality extension services to farmers and training livestock owners in skill-based practices. Sub-Missions under NLM: Breed Development of Livestock & Poultry: Support entrepreneurship and breed improvement in poultry, sheep, goat, and piggery sectors. Activities include establishing breed development farms and genetic improvement programs. Feed and Fodder Development: Enhance the availability of quality fodder seeds and promote entrepreneurial activities in feed production. Focus on establishing fodder block units, hay bailing, and silage making units. Innovation and Extension: Encourage research in livestock sectors, extension activities, livestock insurance, and innovative practices. Implementation and Funding: NLM is implemented through both Central Sector (CS) and Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS), with financial assistance provided to individuals, Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs), Self-Help Groups (SHGs), and State Governments. Source: PIB NANKAI TROUGH Syllabus: Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: Southern Japan was hit by a strong earthquake on Monday. Background: – The Nankai Trough produces massive earthquakes about every 100-150 years. Strong quakes nearby are seen as a potential indication that a megaquake could be more likely. Key takeaways The Nankai Trough is an undersea subduction zone located off coast of Japan. It extends approximately 900 kilometers (559 miles), running parallel to Honshu, Japan’s main island. Nankai Trough is where the Philippine Sea Plate is slipping under the Eurasia Plate at the bottom of the sea off the southwest coast of Japan. The accumulating tectonic strains could result in earthquakes. The Nankai Trough is known for generating megathrust earthquakes, some of the most powerful types of quakes. The most recent notable event was in 1946, with a magnitude 8.0 earthquake and subsequent tsunami. It is part of the larger Pacific “Ring of Fire.” Additional Information The magnitude of an earthquake is related to the length of the fault on which it occurs, according to the United States Geological Survey. The largest earthquake ever recorded was a magnitude 9.5 on May 22, 1960 in Chile on a fault that is almost 1,000 miles long. Source: Reuters DECCAN VOLCANISM Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – GEOGRAPHY Context: Deccan Volcanism, a major event of volcanic eruptions which occurred ~66 million years ago and led to mass extinctions of fauna, did not have such negative impact on tropical flora, says a new study. Background: – The study was conducted by Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences (BSIP), an autonomous institute of Department of Science and Technology. Key takeaways Deccan Volcanism, one of Earth’s most significant volcanic events, occurred about 66 million years ago in what is now west-central India. It created the Deccan Traps, a massive region of flood basalts covering around 500,000 square kilometers and reaching up to 2,000 meters thick in places. Key Features of Deccan Volcanism: Formation of Deccan Traps: The Deccan Traps were formed by massive volcanic eruptions. Lava extruding through fissures created horizontal layers of basalt, forming step-like hills (hence the term “Traps,” derived from the Swedish word for stairs). Duration: These eruptions lasted for around 600-800,000 years during the transition between the Cretaceous and Paleogene periods. Volcanic Source: A mantle plume, often associated with the still-active Réunion hotspot, is believed to have triggered these extensive eruptions Impact on Earth’s History: Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) Mass Extinction: Deccan Volcanism is one of the key events linked to the K-Pg mass extinction, which led to the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs. The eruptions released vast amounts of greenhouse gases and sulfur aerosols that altered the global climate, causing significant warming and acid rain. What the new study says? The study by Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences (BSIP) suggests that despite highly devastating consequences for terrestrial faunas, the Deccan Volcanism only caused regional and short-term impacts on the flora. Deccan Volcanism indirectly imposed a positive impact on the development of hyper-diverse tropical flora by wiping off the large faunal community of dinosaurs along with gymnosperms and by providing nascent, undisturbed, barren yet fertile habitats within congenial warm and humid climate state ideal for angiosperms to grow and evolve. Source: PIB Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Consider the following statements regarding the National Livestock Mission (NLM) The NLM aims to improve feed and fodder availability and focuses on breed development for livestock and poultry. It is implemented only as a Central Sector Scheme (CS). Promotion of livestock insurance and risk management measures is one of its objectives. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Q2.) The Nankai Trough is significant because: It is a tectonic subduction zone located near the Indian Ocean. It is responsible for generating megathrust earthquakes. It is part of the Pacific “Ring of Fire.” Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Q3.) Which of the following is/are associated with Deccan Volcanism? Formation of the Deccan Traps in west-central India. Linked to the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction. Triggered by the collision of the Indian plate with the Eurasian plate. Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 12th January – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – b Q.3) – b

Jan 15, 2025 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2025 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 15th January 2025

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

Jan 15, 2025 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2025 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 14th January 2025

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

Jan 14, 2025 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 13th January 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) ELECTORAL ROLLS Syllabus: Mains – GS 2 Context: The Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) have accused each other of manipulating electoral rolls before the Delhi elections. This has reignited the debate about linking voter IDs/Election Photo Identity Card (EPIC) with respective Aadhaar numbers. Background: – EPIC linkage with the respective Aadhaar number would definitely help in weeding out duplicate entries; but there are concerns. Key takeaways The Election Commission (EC) launched the National Electoral Rolls Purification and Authentication Program (NERPAP) to address the issue of duplicate entries in the electoral roll. In order to achieve this, the EC began authenticating EPIC data by linking it with the Aadhaar. However, the Supreme Court in an interim order, in August 2015, held that the mandatory use of Aadhaar should only be for welfare schemes and PAN linking. Following this, the NERPAP was discontinued. After the Supreme Court’s final order in Puttaswamy in September 2018, that upheld the constitutional validity of the Aadhaar Act, the EC sought amendments to the Representation of the People Act, 1950 (RP Act, 1950). The Parliament amended the RP Act, 1950 and The Registration of Electors Rules, 1960 in December 2021 to enable the linking of EPIC with Aadhaar. However, in order to keep these amendments voluntary in nature, the word ‘may’ have been used in the amendments. Further, the amendment also specifies that no application for inclusion in the electoral roll shall be denied and no entries shall be deleted due to the inability to furnish or intimate the Aadhaar number due to ‘sufficient cause.’ Such individuals may furnish alternate documents like PAN card, Driving Licence, Passport, Bank passbook etc. Pros and cons of linking Aadhar Firstly, the errors in the Aadhaar database, may result in wrongful rejection or deletion of entries from the electoral roll. Secondly, Aadhaar is only a proof of residence and not a proof of citizenship. Thus, it may not help in removing voters who are not citizens from the electoral roll. Finally, while the linkage is to happen at the back end and a mere mention of the Aadhaar number on the EPIC/electoral roll may not by itself be a violation of right to privacy, it may still result in misuse as the electoral rolls are widely circulated. Way forward There must be wide publicity about the benefits of linking EPIC and Aadhaar to clean up the electoral roll of duplicate entries, which in turn strengthens the electoral process. Any misplaced concern amongst voters about the secrecy of their vote being compromised because of this linking should be assuaged. Source: The Hindu GENOME INDIA PROJECT Syllabus: Prelims – SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: After completing India’s baseline map by sequencing 10,000 genomes, the Genome India project is set to move into its second phase during which samples of individuals with specific diseases would also be sequenced. Background: – Launched in 2020, 10,000 sequences from healthy individuals were collected in the first phase of the project. Key takeaways Genome India is a visionary national project funded by the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India. It is aimed at decoding the genetic blueprint of the diverse Indian population. More than 20 prominent research institutions across India are involved, including the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), CSIR-Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, and the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences. Goals and impact of genome India Develop a reference set of genetic variations for Indians by carrying out whole genome sequencing of 10000 samples from 99 communities. Develop a biobank of 20000 blood samples for future genome analyses. Make available genomic data for public access (digital public goods) for research purposes through IBDC (Indian Biological Data Center). Design genome-wide and disease-specific genetic chips for low-cost diagnostics and research. First big step towards developing genome-based precision medicine in India. An inspiration for India’s young minds and young researchers to explore the exciting area of genomics research and innovation for the health of Indian population. 2nd Phase of Genome India The second phase seeks to expand the database to one million sequences, including genetic information of people with specific diseases. A comparison of the healthy and diseased genome can help researchers identify targets for developing treatments and diagnostic tests. It is a step towards personalised treatment and medicine. The diseases that would most likely be included in the list would be different types of cancers, chronic conditions such as diabetes, and various neurological or neurodegenerative diseases. Rare diseases that are found in Indian populations are also likely to be included in the list of diseases to be studied for the next phase of Genome India project. Source: Indian Express GENERATION BETA Syllabus: Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: The year 2025 marks a generational shift: children born between January 1, 2025, and December 31, 2039, will comprise Generation Beta. Background: This generation succeeds Generation Alpha, also dubbed the iPad Generation, with its members born between 2010 and 2024. Key takeaways How are different generations named? Before embracing the Greek alphabet, generations were grouped in periods of 15-20 years and named after defining societal events. Baby boomers were named after the baby boom post-World War II, Generation X which succeeded them were named for their anti-establishmentarian mindset, and millennials for those who became adults at the turn of the millennium. Baby Boomers (1946 – 1964) This generation is usually associated with idealism and a mistrust of authority. In India, this is a generation that largely grew up in independent India and saw the country embrace a socialist economic model. The country fought wars and witnessed the nationalisation. This generation grew up watching the impact of the Green Revolution and a decade later, the Emergency. Gen X (1964 – 1979) This generation in the US internalised the idea that many of the long-standing institutions could be challenged, with the X representing a mistrust of the establishment, be it marriage or corporate employment. Known as the “sandwich generation,” balancing care for both parents and children. Xers in India grew up to witness the overhauling economic reforms that Rajiv Gandhi would introduce, as well as the expansion of the telecommunications industry, the burgeoning space programme, and developments in the IT industry. This generation is understood to be diverse and patterned on a rich, vibrant democracy – comfortable with many views, perspectives, and voices. Gen Y or the Millennials (1980 – 1995) This generation is understood to have experienced similar developments globally, largely on account of the extent of their adoption of technology around the same time. Acts of terrorism – like 9/11 – and school violence are among this generation’s formative events in U.S. The randomness of such violence has encouraged this generation to prioritise living in the now, and has sought to delay or avoid traditional life milestones like marriage. Gen Z (1996 – 2010) Gen Z today constitute the younger adults. This generation is the first to be truly plugged in and grow up as digital natives and grew up during the 2007 recession, a period of widespread financial instability. This is the generation that has normalised talk of mental health concerns. What distinguishes Gen Z is its political advocacy of social and environmental causes. Gen Alpha (2011 – 2024) As the first generation to be born entirely in the 21st century, this is the most tech-savvy generation so far. This is a generation that has always known a world with the existence of social media and experienced the Covid pandemic in their formative years. This generation has a heightened awareness of its environment and of mental health challenges, and is poised to drive policy and technological developments towards increased sustainability and inclusion. What Gen Beta might look like Generation Beta will be the most tech-savvy, experiencing a seamless blend of the digital and physical worlds. This generation will grow with sustainability as an expectation and not just a preference amidst the social challenges they stand to inherit, such as climate change, global population shifts and rapid urbanisation. Source: Indian Express LAL BAHADUR SHASTRI Syllabus: Prelims – HISTORY Context: January 11 marked the 59th death anniversary of Lal Bahadur Shastri, the second Prime Minister of India. Background: – Lal Bahadur Shastri breathed his last in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, a day after signing the Tashkent Declaration reportedly due to cardiac arrest. Key takeaways Lal Bahadur Shastri was born on October 2, 1904, in Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Nagar (formerly known as Mughalsarai), Uttar Pradesh. His childhood name was Lal Bahadur Shrivastava. However, being against the prevailing caste system, he decided to drop his surname. The title ‘Shastri’ was given after his graduation at Kashi Vidyapeeth, Varanasi in 1925. The title ‘Shastri’ refers to a ‘scholar’ or a person, adept in the holy scriptures. Shastri’s youth was dedicated to independence struggle. Post-independence, he served in the UP state government and the central government, before becoming Prime Minister after the death of Nehru. On August 15, 1947, he became the Minister of Police and Transport. It was during his tenure that the first women bus conductors were appointed. He was the one who suggested the use of jets of water instead of lathis to disperse unruly crowds. In 1952, Lal Bahadur Shastri became the Union Minister for Railways and Transport. A serious accident occurred in August 1956 at Mehboobnagar of present-day Telangana. Distressed at the tragedy, Shastri owned responsibility for the accident and submitted his resignation to the prime minister. However, PM Nehru did not accept it. But another accident soon took place in November 1956, in Tamil Nadu’s Ariyalur that saw the death of 144 passengers. Shastri resigned again, accepting moral responsibility. Within a year of his resignation, Lal Bahadur Shastri was back in the Union Cabinet and would go on to take the roles of the Home Minister and the Commerce and Industry Minister. In the former, he helped solve rows over the government’s official language policy. When southern states were apprehensive of Hindi domination, he assured that English would continue as an official language alongside Hindi. When the country faced major food shortages in mid-1960s, Shastri led from the front and introduced new ideas including fixing foodgrain price for producers – known as the minimum support price (MSP) – and setting up a Prices Commission, the body known as the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) now that recommends the MSP. Shastri coined the slogan “Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan”. It was in the background of acute food shortage in the country due to the ongoing war with Pakistan and the impact of the Indo-China war. Source: Indian Express NATIONAL YOUTH DAY Syllabus: Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: The National Youth Day is celebrated every year on January 12 to mark the birth anniversery of Swami Vivekananda. It is also called Vivekananda Jayanti or Rashtriya Yuva Diwas. Background: – Swami Vivekananda’s teachings emphasized the potential of youth in nation-building. His philosophy and ideals continue to inspire young individuals to contribute positively to society. Key takeaways In 1984, the Government of India declared Swami Vivekananda’s birth anniversary as National Youth Day to honor his contributions to Indian society. The first official celebration took place on January 12, 1985, and has continued annually since. The youth, defined as those within the age group of 15-29 years, make up nearly 40% of India’s total population. National Youth Day serves as a moment to acknowledge, celebrate, and harness Youth’s potential, inspiring young minds to contribute meaningfully to the nation’s development. Viksit Bharat Young Leaders Dialogue The National Youth Day 2025 has introduced the Viksit Bharat Young Leaders Dialogue. The Viksit Bharat Young Leaders Dialogue aims to break the 25 year old tradition of holding the National Youth Festival in a conventional manner. This reimagined festival focuses on identifying and nurturing young talent and providing a platform for innovative ideas and perspectives. It features a merit-based competition called the Viksit Bharat Challenge, which involves quizzes, essay writing, and vision presentations, with finalists presenting their ideas. Source: PIB Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Which of the following statements about Lal Bahadur Shastri is correct? (a) He coined the slogan “Jai Vigyan, Jai Jawan.” (b) He resigned as the Union Railway Minister, accepting moral responsibility for train accident. (c) He was India’s third Prime Minister. (d) He introduced the concept of Minimum Support Price (MSP) for industries. Q2.) What is the primary focus of the second phase of the Genome India Project? (a) Sequencing genomes of healthy individuals across India. (b) Mapping disease-specific genomes and expanding the database to one million sequences. (c) Establishing a biobank of 10,000 blood samples for future research. (d) Promoting genomics research exclusively in IISc and NIMHANS. Q3.) Why is January 12 celebrated as National Youth Day in India? (a) To honor the contributions of young leaders in nation-building. (b) To commemorate Swami Vivekananda’s birth anniversary and his philosophy. (c) To celebrate India’s youth population, which makes up 60% of the total population. (d) To promote competitions like the Viksit Bharat Challenge. Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 10th January – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – c Q.2) – b Q.3) – d

Jan 13, 2025 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2025 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 13th January 2025

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

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