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Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2023 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 24th September 2023

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :)After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken, and solutions.To take the Test Click Here

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 23rd September 2023

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) Adi Shankaracharya statue Syllabus Prelims – Art and Culture Context: Recently Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister unveiled the 108-foot-tall ‘Statue of Oneness’ of Adi Shankaracharya at Omkareshwar in Madhya Pradesh. About Adi Shankaracharya: Birth: 11th May 788 AD, at Kaladi, Kerala. Samadhi: at Kedar Tirth. Philosophy: Propounded the Doctrine of Advaita (Monism) and He was opposed to Buddhist philosophers. Established four Mathas in the four corners of India at Sringeri, Puri, Dwaraka and Badrinath– for propagation of Sanathana Dharma. Major books: Brahmasutrabhasya (Bhashya or commentary on the Brahma Sutra), Bhajagovinda Stotra, Nirvana Shatakam and Prakaran Granths Advocation of Advaita Vedanta: It articulates a philosophical position of radical nondualism, a revisionary worldview which it derives from the ancient Upanishadic texts. According to Advaita Vedantins, the Upanishads reveal a fundamental principle of nonduality termed ‘brahman’, which is the reality of all things. Advaitins understand brahman as transcending individuality and empirical plurality. They seek to establish that the essential core of one’s self (atman) is brahman. The fundamental thrust of Advaita Vedanta is that the atman is pure non-intentional consciousness. It is one without a second, nondual, infinite existence, and numerically identical with brahman. Source:  Indian Express National Higher Education Qualifications Framework (NHEQF) Syllabus Prelims – Governance Context: The University Grants Commission (UGC) recently finalised the National Higher Educational Qualification Framework (NHEQF), a regulatory reform proposed by National Education Policy 2020. About National Higher Education Qualifications Framework (NHEQF): Development: The Ministry of Labour and Employment developed the National Vocational Qualifications Framework (NVQF) and the Ministry of Education developed the Vocational Education Qualifications Framework (NVEQF). The NHEQF has divided parameters into levels 5 to 10. Levels 1 to 4 cover the school education. The NHEQF level 5 represents learning outcomes appropriate to the first year (first two semesters) of the undergraduate programme of study; While Level 10 represents learning outcomes appropriate to the doctoral-level programme of study. According to the NHEQF, students must possess and display the desired graduate profile/attributes after completing a programme of study. It also establishes the amount of credits required to complete the four-year undergraduate programme, postgraduate degrees, and doctoral degrees at various levels. About University Grants Commission (UGC): EST: 28th December, 1953 It is a statutory organization by the UGC Act, 1956 Ministry: Ministry of Education. The UGC’s mandate includes: Promoting and coordinating university education. Determining and maintaining standards of teaching, examination and research in universities. Framing regulations on minimum standards of education. Monitoring developments in the field of collegiate and university education; disbursing grants to the universities and colleges etc Source: The Hindu G4 countries Syllabus Prelims – International Relations Context: Recently the G4 countries have reiterated that expansion of UN Security Council in both permanent and non-permanent categories is essential to make the body more representative, legitimate, effective and efficient. About G4 countries: The G4 is a grouping of Brazil, Germany, India and Japan which are aspiring to become permanent members of the UNSC. They are supporting each other’s bids for permanent membership of the UNSC. The G4 nations traditionally meet on the sidelines of the annual high-level UN General Assembly session. Opposition to G4: the Coffee Club The Uniting for Consensus (UfC), or the Coffee Club, emerged in the 1990s in opposition to the potential extension of permanent seats on the UN Security Council. Italy along with Pakistan, Mexico and Egypt founded the Coffee Club in 1995 to reject the proposal to increase the number of permanent seats in the UNSC. About UN Security Council: EST: United Nations charter in 1945 HQ: New York City, USA. Members: 15 members Permanent members with veto power (P5 members): the United States, the Russian Federation, France, China and the United Kingdom. Non-permanent members: The non-permanent members of the Security Council are elected for a term of two years. The 10 non-permanent seats are distributed on a regional basis as follows: Five for African and Asian States. One for the Eastern European States. Two for the Latin American and Caribbean States; Two for Western European and other States Source:  AIR National Medical Commission (NMC) Syllabus Prelims – Governance Context: The National Medical Commission (NMC) of India has been awarded the coveted World Federation for Medical Education (WFME) Recognition Status for a tenure of 10 years. About NMC: Statutory body under National Medical Commission Act, 2019. HQ: New Delhi It has replaced the Medical Council of India (MCI) constituted under the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956. Ministry: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Functions: NMC regulates medical education and medical professionals. The Commission grants recognition of medical qualifications gives accreditation to medical schools, grants registration to medical practitioners, monitors medical practice and assesses the medical infrastructure in India. Members: It consists of 33 members including Chairman (medical professionals only), 10 ex-officio members and 22 parttime members. Four autonomous boards under NMC: Under-Graduate Medical Education Board (sets norms for undergraduate (UG) courses), Post-Graduate Medical Education Board (sets norms for post-graduate courses), Medical Assessment and Rating Board (inspects and rates the medical education institutes), and Ethics and Medical Registration Board (regulates professional conduct of the doctors and registers them). About World Federation for Medical Education (WFME): EST: In 1972 HQ: Ferney-Voltaire, France. Aim: WFME is a global organisation concerned with the education and training of medical doctors. Objective: It is the organisation that officially and globally represents medical teachers and medical teaching institutions before the World Health Organization(WHO). WFME’s accreditation program plays a pivotal role in ensuring that medical institutes meet and uphold the highest international standards of education and training Source:   AIR State of Working India Report 2023 Syllabus Prelims – Economy Context: Recently the ‘State of Working India 2023’ report, released by Azim Premji University’s Centre for Sustainable Employment. Major Findings of the ‘State of Working India 2023’ Report: Faster structural change: Between 2004 and 2017, around 3 million regular wage jobs were created annually. Between 2017 and 2019 this jumped to 5 million per year. Since 2019, the pace of regular wage job creation has decreased due to the growth slowdown and the pandemic. Upward mobility has increased: In 2004 over 80% of sons of casual wage workers were themselves in casual employment. This was the case for both SC/ST workers and other castes. For non-SC/ST castes, this fell from 83% to 53% by 2018 and incidence of better quality work such as regular salaried jobs increased. It fell for SC/ST castes as well, but to a lesser extent (86% to 76%). Caste-based segregation has reduced: Between 1983 and 2021, the proportion of regular wage workers belonging to the SC category has increased. In 2021, 32% of general caste workers were in regular wage employment as compared to 22% of SC workers. The report also looks at firm ownership data to conclude that general castes are over-represented to a greater degree in larger enterprises. Gender-based earnings disparities have reduced: In 2004, salaried women workers earned 70% of what men earned. By 2017 the gap had reduced and women earned 76% of what men did. Since then, the gap has remained constant till 2021-22. Women in job: Between 1983 and 2021, the degree of women’s representation in industries like tobacco, education, health and social work, and textiles has increased whereas in waste management and sewerage, it has decreased. Still, in all these sectors, women are over-represented in comparison to men. Unemployment is falling but remains high: Post-Covid the unemployment rate is lower than it was pre-Covid, for all education levels. But it remains above 15% for graduates and more worryingly it touches a huge 42% for graduates under 25 years. The connection between growth and good jobs remains weak: Since the 1990s year-on-year non-farm GDP growth and non-farm employment growth are uncorrelated with each other suggesting that policies promoting faster growth need not promote faster job creation. However, between 2004 and 2019, on average growth translated to decent employment. Male Breadwinner Norm: Due to the “male breadwinner” norm, as the husband’s income increases the probability of the wife being employed also reduces. In rural areas, the fall in probability slows down as the husband’s income increases. Source: Indian Express SIMBEX 23 Syllabus Prelims – Science and Technology (Defence) Context: Indian Navy recently participated in the 30th edition of Singapore India Maritime Bilateral Exercise (SIMBEX), 2023 held in Singapore. About SIMBEX 23: An annual bilateral Naval exercise between the Indian Navy and Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN) is being conducted since 1994. It is the longest continuous naval exercise that Indian Navy conducts with any other country. It would enhance war-fighting skills and capability to undertake multi-discipline operations jointly in maritime domain. Phases of SIMBEX 2023: Harbour Phase: Professional interactions, cross-deck visits, Subject Matter Expert Exchanges (SMEE) and sports fixtures to enhance interoperability and mutual understanding between the two navies. Sea Phase: Complex and advanced air defence exercises, gunnery firings, tactical manoeuvres, anti-submarine exercises and other maritime operations. Source: PIB The Mediation Act, 2023 Syllabus Mains – GS 2 (Governance) Context: Recently, the Parliament has passed the Mediation Bill 2023. About Mediation: Mediation is a voluntary process in which parties try to settle disputes with the assistance of an independent third person (the mediator). A mediator does not impose a solution on the parties but creates a conducive environment in which they can resolve their dispute. The mediation process depends on the choice of parties, and there are no strict or binding rules of procedure. Types of Mediation: Court Referred Mediation: Salem Advocate Bar Association, Tamil Nadu v. Union of India: In the case, Supreme Court held in reference to the matter of mediation that conciliation and arbitration are mandatory for court matters. This judgment has granted legal and social recognition to mediation as a dispute resolution in India. Private Mediation : In private mediation, a qualified mediator is appointed by the parties on a fixed-fee basis. Both the parties come together to resolve the issue amicably. The decision of the mediator is not ultimate and hence not binding on the parties. Key Features of the Bill Pre-litigation mediation: Parties must attempt to settle civil or commercial disputes by mediation before approaching any court or certain tribunals. Even if they fail to reach a settlement through pre-litigation mediation, the court or tribunal may at any stage refer the parties to mediation if they request for the same. Disputes not fit for mediation: The Bill contains a list of disputes which are not fit for mediation. These include disputes relating to claims against minors or persons of unsound mind, involving criminal prosecution, and affecting the rights of third parties. The central government may amend this list. Applicability: The Bill will apply to mediations conducted in India: involving only domestic parties involving at least one foreign party and relating to a commercial dispute (i.e., international mediation) if the mediation agreement states that mediation will be as per this Bill. If the central or state government is a party, the Bill will apply to commercial disputes, and other disputes as notified. Mediation process: Mediation proceedings will be confidential, and must be completed within 180 days (may be extended by 180 days by the parties). A party may withdraw from mediation after two sessions. Court annexed mediation must be conducted as per the rules framed by the Supreme Court or High Courts. Mediators: Mediators may be appointed by the parties by agreement, a mediation service provider (an institution administering mediation). They must disclose any conflict of interest that may raise doubts on their independence. Parties may then choose to replace the mediator. Significance of Bill: India as a centre of Mediation: This legislation will help ensure that institutional mediation becomes mainstream in resolving commercial (and other) disputes between the parties, putting India on the global map as a dispute friendly jurisdiction. There exists a strong correlation between Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) and the promotion of mediation, and Singapore serves as a prime example of how a robust mediation ecosystem can attract greater foreign investments. Reduce pendency of Cases: According to the Minister for Law and Justice, there are 4.43 lakh cases pending in district subordinate courts, 60.63 lakh cases in high courts and around 70,000 cases in the Supreme Court. Mandating participation in pre-litigation mediation may help reduce pendency and the slow disposal rate in courts. Cost-effective: Mediation is a cost-effective dispute resolution process that also helps reduce the burden on courts by enabling out-of-court settlements. Greater Control: Mediation increases the control the parties have over the resolution. Each party is directly involved in negotiating their own agreement and no settlement can be imposed upon. Confidential: Unlike the potential publicity of court proceedings, everything said at the mediation is entirely confidential to the parties (unless specifically agreed otherwise). Faster outcomes: Because mediation can be used early in a dispute, an agreement can usually be reached quicker than if pursued through the courts. Challenges of Mediation in India: Absence of Uniform Legislation: In 2020, the Supreme Court highlighted the pressing need for a unified mediation legislation in India, emphasizing the lack of a standardized legal framework for mediation. Infrastructural and Quality Control Issues: An increased focus on mediation can strain existing mediation centers, which may lack the necessary administrative capacity to handle higher caseloads efficiently. Societal Stigma: Concerns about public perception sometimes deter parties from choosing mediation, as they fear it might be viewed as a sign of weakness or compromise. Resistance from Legal Professionals: Traditional legal practitioners may exhibit resistance to adopting mediation, viewing it as a potential threat to their practice or income. Institutional Support: While legislative reforms have been made to promote mediation in India, the infrastructure for supporting mediation at the grassroots level, including the establishment of mediation centers and training programs, is still in the developmental stage. Lack of Mediation Education: The absence of mediation education within law school curricula poses a significant obstacle to the widespread adoption of mediation as a dispute resolution method. Shortage of Professional Mediators: India currently has a limited pool of trained and experienced mediators, which presents challenges in offering mediation services across all regions and for various types of disputes. Way Forward: Suggestive measures Legal Reforms: Continuously updating laws and regulations to support and encourage mediation, while also ensuring the enforceability of mediated settlements, is crucial. Online Mediation: Leveraging technology for online mediation platforms can make the process more accessible, especially for those in remote areas, and provide a convenient alternative to in-person sessions. Institutional Support: Establishing well-equipped and accessible mediation centers at various levels, from local communities to national levels, can provide people with convenient access to mediation services. More Opening of Mediation and Arbitration Centre: Government should facilitate opening of mediation centers. Recently, Uttar Pradesh got its first mediation and arbitration centre in the form of ‘Centre for Excellence in Mediation and Arbitration or CEMA. Training and Certification: Developing comprehensive training programs for mediators, lawyers, and judges can ensure that there is a pool of skilled professionals proficient in mediation techniques, ethical considerations, and cultural sensitivity. Integration with Legal Curriculum: Incorporating mediation education within law school curricula can prepare future legal professionals to consider mediation as a primary or complementary method for dispute resolution. Source:  The Hindu The India’s Urbanization Paradox: Opportunities and Obstacles Syllabus Mains – GS 1 (Geography) and GS 2 (Governance) Context: According to the recent report of Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, about 74% of Smart City Mission projects completed, but urban challenges stay unaddressed. About Urbanization: It refers to the process by which a growing proportion of a population comes to live in cities and other urban areas and the ways in which this affects society and the environment. It is a global phenomenon that has been driven by a variety of factors, including economic development, technological change, and population growth. Different types of urban settlements in India: Census Town: Population of at least 5,000, a population density of at least 400 per sq km, where at least 75% of the male working population is engaged in non-agricultural pursuits. Statutory Town: A town officially designated as such by the relevant state government. These towns typically have a corporation or municipality in charge of local government. Satellite Town: A town that is located in close proximity to a larger urban centre and is dependent on it for economic and social activities. Urban Agglomeration: A continuous urban area of the city/town and also the suburban fringe/rural areas lying within the administrative boundaries of a nearby town/city. Suburbanization: refers to the process of urbanization where the urban areas are growing outwards, and the rural areas are becoming urbanized. Counter urbanization: refers to the movement of people and businesses from urban to rural areas. Status of Urbanisation in India: According to the 2011 Census, India’s urbanization rate stood at 31.2%, a significant increase from 8% in 2001. Projections indicate that around 590 million people will reside in cities by 2030, underscoring the urgency of comprehending the growth patterns and their impact on the population. Causes of Rapid Urbanization: Natural Population Growth: Urbanization is driven by the high rate of natural population increase, where cities experience a greater growth rate compared to rural areas. This can be attributed to improved healthcare services, better access to medical facilities, safe drinking water, and enhanced sanitation infrastructure, which contribute to higher survival rates in urban settings. Industrial and Agricultural Development: The substantial public investments in industries, mining, and sustainable agricultural practices have fueled urbanization. The growth of industries, including their associated ancillary units, contributes to the development of urban centers. Likewise, the expansion of business and trade, accompanied by the establishment of vibrant markets, fosters urbanization in regions closely linked to industrial and trade growth. Rural-Urban Migration: Rural-to-urban migration is a significant driver of rapid urbanization in India. The emergence of manufacturing and trade activities due to industrial development creates job opportunities and the promise of higher incomes, attracting rural residents to urban areas. This migration is often motivated by the prospects of employment and economic advancement. Push and Pull Factors: Rural-to-urban migration is influenced by both pull and push factors. Pull factors include the allure of urban opportunities, while push factors encompass economic constraints, lack of essential facilities, and even political unrest in rural areas, prompting individuals to seek better prospects in urban settings. Consequences of Rapid Urbanization: Positive Aspects: Driver of rapid economic growth: Rapid industrialization leads to the establishment of numerous industrial cities. These urban areas witness the growth of manufacturing units, ancillary industries, and the service sector, contributing to economic development. Increased employment opportunities: Urbanization creates new job opportunities in expanding sectors like manufacturing and services. This results in rural-urban migration as people seek employment in these urban centers, further promoting industrialization and urbanization. Modernization and attitudinal changes: Urbanization brings about changes in the mindset and behaviors of urban residents, fostering modernization and a progressive outlook. This shift indirectly contributes to accelerated economic development. Negative Aspects: Congestion: Rapid urbanization leads to increased congestion in urban areas, causing problems such as traffic jams and high population density. Managing these issues becomes challenging and costly. Poor Quality of Life: The surge in urban population can result in various urban problems, including housing shortages, inadequate access to education and healthcare, the growth of slums, unemployment, violence, and overcrowding. These factors collectively lead to a decline in the overall quality of life in urban areas. Loss of Rural Productivity: Large-scale rural-to-urban migration diminishes productivity in rural regions. This trend negatively impacts the rural economy, contributing to unfavourable conditions in villages. Over time, excessive urbanization can have detrimental consequences. Issues associated with Urbanization: Population Pressure: Rapid rural-to-urban migration leads to an overwhelming increase in urban population, straining existing public infrastructure. This surge in population contributes to challenges like slums, crime, unemployment, urban poverty, pollution, congestion, and public health problems. Proliferation of Slums: Across the country, there are approximately 13.7 million slum households, accommodating about 65.49 million people. Approximately 65% of Indian cities have adjacent slums where people live in cramped and substandard housing conditions. Housing Shortages: One of the most distressing issues associated with urbanization is inadequate housing. In India, more than half of urban households live in single rooms, with an average of 4.4 persons per room. Unplanned development: Urbanization often leads to unplanned development, exacerbating the socio-economic divide between the affluent and the underprivileged. The lack of proper planning perpetuates inequality within urban areas. Pandemic-Induced problems: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the challenges faced by the urban poor and slum dwellers. Lockdown measures severely affected their livelihoods, highlighting their vulnerability. Government initiatives related to urban development in India: Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Urban Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NULM): Aims to reduce poverty and vulnerability of urban poor households by providing them with opportunities for skill development and self-employment. Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY): Aims to conserve and revitalize the cultural heritage and tourism potential of 12 identified cities in India. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan: Aims to improve sanitation and cleanliness in urban areas, including the construction of toilets and solid waste management. Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY): Aims to provide affordable housing to urban residents, particularly for low-income groups and economically weaker sections. Smart Cities Mission: Aims to promote the development of 100 smart cities in India, focusing on sustainable and inclusive urban development. Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT): Aims to improve basic services and infrastructure in urban areas, including water supply and sewerage systems. Aspirational District Programme: Aims to transform the overall development landscape in 112 of India’s most backward districts. It includes urban development components and seeks to improve various aspects of life in these districts, including urban areas. Source:  The Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) Consider the following statements regarding the University Grants Commission (UGC): It is a statutory organization by the UGC Act, 1956 It works under the Ministry of Science and Technology Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) Which of the following countries is not a part of the G4 group of countries which are aspiring to become permanent members of the UNSC? India Germany South Africa Japan Q.3) SIMBEX 23 is an annual bilateral Naval exercise held between which of the following countries? India and Srilanka India and Indonesia India and Myanmar India and Singapore Mains Practice Questions Q.1) Explain the significance of the Mediation Act, 2023, in India’s legal framework and its role in reducing court congestion. Highlight the potential advantages and challenges associated with mandatory pre-litigation mediation. Suggest measures to overcome these challenges. (250 words) Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  23rd September 2023 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs.st ANSWERS FOR 22nd September – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – b Q.3) – c

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2023 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 23d September 2023

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :)After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken, and solutions.To take the Test Click Here

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[Admissions Open] Integrated Learning Program (S-ILP) - The Best UPSC 2024 Strategy for Next 365 Days with Special Features!

Success is a combination of – “Ideas, Planning, Strategy, Quality Approach and Guidance” If you miss any of these elements, success will be a far-fetched dream! Let’s talk a bit about the thing we are all chasing - SUCCESS What is Success? Success is a combination of – Ideas + Planning + Strategy + Quality + Approach + Guidance… When all of the above conditions are met, we experience what we all say with love ‘achieving one’s dreams’. This is what IASbaba stands for. No shortcuts in delivering the solution . While the entire coaching ecosystem revolves around classes and test series, the team at IASbaba understood one key issue – not everyone gets an equal chance in life. This is despite being talented as well as immensely knowledgeable in their respective fields. And so the Integrated Learning Programme – ILP was conceptualized – as a solution to this long-standing problem. To reach the motto of IASbaba i.e., any person sitting in the remotest corner of India having a chance to achieve Rank – 1. Designed in a way that it respects the differences that may exist in terms of affordability, accessibility as well as time constraints, ILP is one POWER program that will power your dreams to Rank 1. With more than 330+ ranks in the last 7 years, ILP has become the most preferred choice of program for civil service aspirants. We are happy to announce that this year three students of ILP in Top-30 (Rank-14, Rank-22 and Rank 26) Hitting the Bull's Eye Year After Year S-ILP 2024 will be starting from 16th October PRESENTING INTEGRATED LEARNING PROGRAMME (ILP) 2024 ILP 2024 is the Most Comprehensive ONLINE Programme for UPSC aspirants which caters to all the stages of the exam (Prelims, Mains & Interview).ILP acts as your companion in preparation, ever ready and capable to help you at each stage of your preparation – day by day, hour by hour.It reduces your efforts; micro manages your time in the most productive way and allocates your attention in a well-defined priority. It makes your preparation planned, seamless and enjoyable! OBJECTIVES ILP is an effort towards assisting an aspirant sitting at the remotest part of the country to crack UPSC with a ‘single-digit rank’.To come up with something which can integrate your preparation in a common string of theme-based understanding of concepts. S- ILP in 3 Phases The 1st phase of this course will be of 255 days ( 8.5 months). In this phase; First 25 days should be completely dedicated for optional preparation (22nd September-15th October)In the next phase of 230 days (7.5 Months)Entire overlapping prelims and mains content will be coveredPrelims exclusive syllabus will be covered in its entirety.Ethics will be covered.Module Wise Tests (both Prelims and Mains) is conducted after every module.2 months are allocated exclusively for prelims revision and mock tests. The 2nd phase of this course will be of 110 days starting from June 1st (4 months) Mains exclusive syllabus is covered. (World History & Post Independence GS-1, Society GS-1, International Relations GS-2, Internal Security GS-3)Module Wise Mains Tests are conducted.Two Sets of Mains Full Mocks (Total-10 Tests) will be conducted in the months of August/September 2024. In the 3rd phase: There will be personal Guidance and 1:1 Mock Interview with Mohan sir (IASbaba Founder) So, this course will be your companion throughout all the three stages of UPSC 2024. Utilise it well and crack UPSC like hundreds of other Rankers who did it using IASbaba’s ILPClick Here To Read More Details

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 22nd September 2023

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) India-Canada Relations Syllabus Prelims –INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Context: The recent killing of pro-Khalistan leader and a Canadian citizen, Hardeep Singh Nijjar has caused diplomatic challenges in India-Canada Relations. Background of the Issue:- Khalistan Tiger Force chief Hardeep Singh Nijjar, one of the most wanted terrorists in India, was shot dead by two unidentified men within the premises of a gurdwara in Canada Sunday night. Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau recently made explosive allegations of a “potential link” between agents of the Government of India and the killing of a pro-Khalistan leader and Canadian citizen, Hardeep Singh Nijjar. Hardeep Singh Nijjar’s name had been included in the wanted list handed over by the then-Punjab CM Captain Amarinder Singh, to Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau during the latter’s visit to India in 2018. The Khalistan issue has always plagued bilateral ties, from the 1980s to the last eight years of Trudeau’s term. But this time, Ottawa has ratcheted up the ante and New Delhi is watching the situation keeping in mind the complexity of the bilateral ties and the reputational cost on the global stage. About India-Canada Relations:- India and Canada have a longstanding bilateral relationship based on shared democratic values, the multi-cultural, multi-ethnic, and multi-religious nature. 1947: India established diplomatic relations with Canada in 1947. 1951: Canada’s aid program to India began in 1951 and grew substantially under the Colombo Plan. Canada provided food aid, project financing, and technical assistance to India. 1974: deterioration of India-Canada relations due to India’s Smiling Buddha nuclear test. 1976: The Canadian government severed bilateral nuclear cooperation with both India and Pakistan in 1976 after claims that the fissionable material used to construct India’s first nuclear device had been obtained from the Canadian-supplied CIRUS nuclear research reactor. 1985: The bombing by Sikh separatists of Air India Flight 182 resulted in Canada and India maintaining a bilateral dialogue on anti-terrorism. 2015: The Prime Minister of India’s visit to Canada in April 2015 elevated the bilateral relationship to a strategic partnership. In recent years, both countries have been working to enhance bilateral cooperation in several areas of mutual importance. Significance:- Canada hosts one of the largest Indian diasporas in the world, numbering 16 lakh people of Indian origin. It accounts for more than 3 percent of the total Canadian population and 700,000 NRIs. At the Ministerial level, Canada and India enjoy a strategic partnership underpinned by Ministerial Dialogues on foreign policy, trade and investment, finance, and energy. At the official level, there are regular working groups that focus on counter-terrorism, security, agriculture, education, science, technology, etc. Trade relations In 2021, India was Canada’s 14th largest export market and 13th largest trading partner overall. India became the top source of foreign students studying in Canada — 2.3 lakh, according to 2022 data. India is a key partner as Canada strengthens its economic links to the Indo-Pacific under a new, comprehensive strategy for the region. Challenges in India-Canada Relations:- Sikh extremism and the Presence of Sikh separatist groups in Canada. Concerns about the revival of the Khalistan movement. Sikh Diaspora’s Influence on Canadian Politics Impediments for Trade: India’s Complex labour laws; Market protectionism; Bureaucratic regulations. Areas of Cooperation:- Politically, India and Canada share commonalities in Parliamentary structure and procedures. Commercial: Bilateral trade between India and Canada stands at over USD 6.4 billion in 2020. Negotiations for a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA). Nuclear Cooperation: Nuclear Cooperation Agreement (NCA) signed in 2010 by, the Joint Committee on Civil Nuclear Cooperation, restoration of nuclear cooperation. Security and Defense Collaboration: in international fora, mutual ship visits, Framework for Cooperation between India and Canada on Countering Terrorism in 2018 People-to-People Ties Cultural Exchanges Cooperation during COVID-19 Pandemic. (Second Wave of COVID-19) MUST READ: India and G20 Presidency SOURCE: THE INDIAN EXPRESS PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements about G-20: (2023) The G-20 group was originally established as a platform for the Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors to discuss international economic and financial issues. Digital public infrastructure is one of India’s G-20 priorities. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) Consider the following statements: (2023) Statement-I: Switzerland is one of the leading exporters of gold in terms of value. Statement-II: Switzerland has the second-largest gold reserves in the world. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I Statement-I is correct but Statement II is incorrect Statement-I is incorrect but Statement II is correct GCES Web Portal and Mobile Application Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES Context: The Innovative GCES Web Portal and Mobile Application was launched recently. Background:- Shri Manoj Ahuja Secretary, Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare (DA&FW) launched the portal. About GCES Web Portal and Mobile Application:- Launched: September, 2023. Ministry: Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare. Objective: the portal and mobile application have been designed to transform agricultural practices across the nation. Salient Features of the GCES Web Portal and Mobile Application:- Comprehensive Information:- The portal and the app provide a comprehensive repository of yield estimation including village-wise GCES plan. Plot details where the crop-cutting experiments are conducted, post-harvesting crop weight, and drainage weight of the crop are also provided. (Crop Insurance) Geo-referencing:- It is one of the key features of the mobile application. It enables the primary worker to draw the boundary of the experimental plot and upload photos of the plot as well as of the crops through it. This feature will ensure transparency and accuracy of the data as well. Challenges Addressed by GCES Web Portal and Mobile Application:- Delay in Reporting: To date, data collection, compilation, and yield estimation is a completely manual process that causes delays in reporting by states. In the new process, the field data will be collected using a GPS-enabled mobile application. Storing the data in the server will ensure on-time reporting of crop statistics. Transparency: GPS-enabled devices provide precise latitude and longitude coordinates for data collection points. This information ensures that data is linked to specific geographic locations, leaving no room for ambiguity or manipulation of data regarding where it was collected. Significance:- It provides for a real-time estimate and technology in agriculture. (InfoCrop) It is in line with the Prime Minister’s vision towards maximizing digital technology for social benefit. About General Crop Estimation Survey (GCES):- Conducted by: ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute (IASRI). Ministry: Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare. The estimates of crop production are obtained by multiplying the area under the crop and the yield rate. The yield rate estimates are based on scientifically designed crop-cutting experiments conducted under the General Crop Estimation Survey (GCES). The GCES covers around 68 crops (52 food and 16 non-food) in 22 States and 4 Union Territories. Around 5,00,000 experiments are conducted every year with the help of State revenue and agricultural staff of a rank higher than the primary field staff of the departments. The field staff is periodically trained in the conduct of crop-cutting experiments. MUST READ: Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana SOURCE: PIB PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements: (2023) India has more arable area than China. The proportion of irrigated areas is higher in India as compared to China. The average productivity per hectare in Indian agriculture is higher than that in China: How many of the above statements are correct? Only one Only two All three None Q.2) Consider the following statements: (2022) In India, credit rating agencies are regulated by the Reserve Bank of India. The rating agency popularly known as ICRA is a public limited company. Brickwork Ratings is an Indian credit rating agency. Which of the statements given above are correct? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Pterygotrigla intermedica Syllabus Prelims –ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY Context: A new fish species named Pterygotrigla intermedica has been discovered in Bengal’s Digha harbour recently. Background:- The scientists of the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) have discovered a new species of vibrant orange-colored deep-water marine fish from Digha Mohana in West Bengal. It is the fourth species of Pterygotrigla genus reported in India so far. About Pterygotrigla intermedica:- Family: Triglidae. Genus: Pterygotrigla. It is a group of marine fish commonly known as gurnards or sea robins. Habitat: Species within the Pterygotrigla genus are primarily found in deep-water habitats. They are often associated with continental slopes and deep-sea environments. Distribution: The genus has a wide distribution, with various species located in different parts of the world’s oceans, including the Indian Ocean. It is only the fourth species of the Pterygotrigla genus reported in India to date. Worldwide, the Triglidae family comprises a total of 178 species, making this family of fishes ecologically significant (National Surveillance Programme for Aquatic Animal Diseases (NSPAAD)) Food: Gurnards are carnivorous and feed on a diet that includes small fish, crustaceans, and other benthic organisms. Ecological Role: Gurnards play a role in marine ecosystems by controlling populations of smaller organisms and contributing to the overall food web. Unique features of Pterygotrigla intermedica :- It has a distinct pectoral fin with black membranes on the inner surface, a white posterior margin, and three small white spots basally in the fin. It has a long opercular spine and a very short cleithral spine. It has a lateral line, gill rakers on the upper limb, and 12–13 on the lower limb of the first gill arch. It has a large black blotch between the 4th and 6th spines of the first dorsal fin. MUST READ: Zebrafish SOURCE: DOWN TO EARTH PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements: (2023) In India, the Biodiversity Management Committees are key to the realization of the objectives of the Nagoya Protocol. The Biodiversity Management Committees have important functions in determining access and benefit sharing, including the power to levy collection fees on the access of biological resources within its jurisdiction. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) Consider the following statements regarding the Indian squirrels : (2023) They build nests by making burrows in the ground. They store their food materials like nuts and seeds in the ground. They are omnivorous. How many of the above statements are correct? Only one Only two All three None Mithun Syllabus Prelims – ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY Context: Recently, Northeast’s Mithun got the ‘food animal’ tag. Background:- About Mithun:- IMAGE SOURCE: lrrd.org Scientific Name: Bos frontalis. Distribution: It is native to the lush and hilly regions of Northeast India, particularly the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram. It is often referred to as the “Cattle of the Hills”. is considered a descendant of the Indian Gaur or bison. (Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI)) Physical Characteristics:- Mithun resembles the domestic cattle but exhibits distinctive features such as:- a hump over its shoulders, Longg upward-curving horns, and a dewlap (skin flap) under its throat. Their coat color varies, including shades of black, brown, and white. The coloration is often influenced by their age and region. Cultural Significance:- It plays a central role in the cultures and traditions of many indigenous communities in Northeast India. It is often referred to as the “family bank” due to its economic importance. In various tribal societies, Mithun is used in rituals, festivals, and ceremonies. Economic Value:- Mithun is a valuable asset for local communities, serving as a source of livelihood and sustenance. They are used for meat, milk, and hides. Their meat is considered a delicacy in the region. Mithun farming is an integral part of the traditional agro-pastoral system in these regions. Mithun milk, though produced less in quantity, is of high quality and can be used for the preparation of various milk products. Leather obtained from this species has been found to be superior to cattle. Conservation Status:- IUCN: Vulnerable. Wildlife (Protection) Act of India: Schedule I. CITES: Appendix I. MUST READ: New Breeds of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR) SOURCE: THE INDIAN EXPRESS PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Which of the following organisms ·perform the waggle dance for others of their kin to indicate the direction and the distance to a source of their food? (2023) Butterflies Dragonflies Honeybees Wasps Q.2) Consider the following ‘fauna : (2023) Lion-tailed Macaque Malabar Civet Sambar Deer How many of the above are generally nocturnal or most active after sunset? Only one Only two All three None World Rhino Day 2023 Syllabus Prelims – ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY Context: Recently, preparations are being held for the celebration of World Rhino Day 2023. Background:- World Rhino Day is observed on 22nd September. About World Rhino Day 2023:- Date: 22th September. Objective: to spread awareness for all five species of rhino and the work being done to save them. It was first announced by WWF-South Africa in 2010. This special day provides the opportunity for cause-related organizations, NGOs, zoos, and members of the public to celebrate rhinos in their own unique ways. The scientific name and conservation status of the five species are: – Javan Rhinos (Rhinoceros sondaicus): Critically Endangered Sumatran rhinos (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis): Critically Endangered Black rhinos (Diceros bicornis): Critically Endangered White rhinos (Ceratotherium simum): Near Threatened (Southern white rhino) Greater One-Horned Rhinos (Rhinoceros unicornis): Vulnerable About Indian One-Horned Rhino:- The greater one-horned rhino (or “Indian rhino”) is the largest of the rhino species. Distribution: Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, and Assam, India. The greater one-horned rhino is identified by a single black horn about 8-25 inches long and a grey-brown hide with skin folds, which gives it an armour-plated appearance. The species is solitary, except when adult males or rhinos nearing adulthood gather at wallows or to graze. Food: They primarily graze, with a diet consisting almost entirely of grasses as well as leaves, branches of shrubs and trees, fruit, and aquatic plants. Conservation Status:- IUCN Red List: Vulnerable. CITES: Appendix-I Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Schedule I. Threats:- Poaching for the horns Habitat loss Population density Decreasing Genetic diversity Conservation Efforts by India:- New Delhi Declaration on Asian Rhinos 2019: India, Bhutan, Nepal, Indonesia, and Malaysia have signed a declaration for the conservation and protection of the species. DNA profiles of all rhinos. National Rhino Conservation Strategy: It was launched in 2019 to conserve the greater one-horned rhinoceros. Indian Rhino Vision 2020: It was an ambitious effort to attain a wild population of at least 3,000 greater one-horned rhinos spread over seven protected areas in the Indian state of Assam by the year 2020. MUST READ: Rhino population up by 200 in Kaziranga SOURCE: DOWN TO EARTH PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) ‘Wolbachia method’ is sometimes talked about with reference to which one of the following? (2023). Controlling the viral diseases spread by mosquitoes. Converting crop residues into packing material. Producing biodegradable plastics. Producing biochar from thermochemical conversion of biomass. Q.2) Recently, there was a proposal to translocate some of the lions from their natural habitat in Gujarat to which one of the following sites? (2017) Corbett National Park Kuno Palpur Wildlife Sanctuary Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary Sariska National Park Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER) Syllabus Prelims –Governance Context: Recent reports of the Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER) suggest that wheat farmers lost Rs 40,000 crore due to govt policy. Background:- The report says that judicious use of trade policy is needed to tame inflation at home without hurting farmer earnings. About the Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER):- Established: August 1981. HQ: New Delhi. Objective: to enhance the knowledge content of policy making by undertaking analytical research that is targeted at informing India’s policymakers. It also aims at improving the interface with the global economy. ICRIER is a policy-oriented, not-for-profit, economic policy think tank. ICRIER is a not-for-profit society registered under the Society Act,1860. It undertakes research on economic policy and dissemination activities on a cost basis for various Ministries of the Government of India, Bilateral and Multilateral International and Domestic organizations / Foundations. All reports and publications are available on the website icrier.org. Its activities are purely noncommercial in nature and are undertaken on a non-profit basis. ICRIER conducts thematic research in the following five thrust areas:- Growth, Employment and Macroeconomics (GEM) Trade, Investment and External Relations (TIER) Agriculture Policy, Sustainability and Innovation (APSI) Digital Economy, Start-ups and Innovation (DESI) Climate Change, Urbanisation and Sustainability (CCUS) DONATION:- ICRIER accepts general donations. All donations made to ICRIER are eligible for 50% tax exemption under Section 80G (5) of the Income Tax Act, 1961. MUST READ: India and Wheat Exports SOURCE:  BUSINESS STANDARD PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements: (2023) The Government of India provides Minimum Support Price for niger( Guizotia aoyssinica) seeds. Niger is cultivated as a Kharif crop. Some tribal people in India use niger seed oil for cooking. How many of the above statements are correct? Only one Only two All three None Q.2) Which one of the following countries has been suffering from decades of civil strife and food shortages and was in the news in the recent past for its very severe famine? (2023) Angola Costa Rica Ecuador Somalia Mains: Global initiatives in quantum computing: The role of international collaboration Syllabus Mains – GS 3 (Science and Technology) Context: Quantum computing is rapidly emerging as a transformative technology, capturing the attention of both public and private sectors worldwide. Its remarkable potential lies in its ability to deliver unprecedented computing speed compared to classical computers and its potential to revolutionize cybersecurity. About Quantum Technology: Quantum computing is based on the principles of Quantum mechanics developed in the early 20th century to describe nature at the scale of atoms and elementary particles. It is a revolutionary approach to computation that leverages the principles of quantum mechanics to process information. It differs significantly from classical computing, which is based on classical physics and uses bits to represent data as either 0 or 1. The Global Quantum Computing Landscape As of 2022, the quantum computing sector has attracted substantial investments, reaching approximately US$35.5 billion globally. This growth can be attributed to the promising leap in computing capabilities offered by quantum computers and the paradigm shift they bring to cybersecurity. Inter-governmental quantum technology Initiatives: European Union: Quantum Technologies Flagship was established by the European Union (EU) in 2018 with a budget of approximately 1 billion euros which aims to consolidate European leadership in quantum technologies. It brings together research institutions, private companies, and public entities to foster collaboration. AUKUS: AUKUS is a trilateral security arrangement formed in 2021 between Australia, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US). The AUKUS Quantum Arrangement, initiated in 2022, aims to accelerate investments in quantum capabilities, with a focus on maintaining a strategic advantage in quantum computing and cryptography, particularly in competition with China. Quadrilateral Security Dialogue: Also known as the Quad, established a Critical and Emerging Technology Working Group in 2021. Its purpose is to ensure that standards and frameworks for key technologies, including quantum computing, are governed by shared interests and values. In May 2023, the Quad Investors Network (QUIN) was launched, connecting investors interested in novel technologies. CERN Quantum Technology Initiative: The European Council for Nuclear Research (CERN) initiated the Quantum Technology Initiative in 2020. It focuses on developing new computing, detector, and communication systems while advancing knowledge of quantum systems and information processing. Private Initiatives: IBM: IBM, a technological innovation leader collaborating with the University of Tokyo and the University of Chicago aims to develop a 100,000-qubit quantum computer over the next decade. In 2022, the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, joined the IBM Quantum Network, furthering quantum computing research and skills development in India. Google: Google achieved “quantum supremacy” in 2019 and has become a major player in quantum computing. It collaborates with various quantum computing startups, including IonQ, QSimulate, and Pasqal. In 2021, Google launched the Digital Future Initiative, a US$1 billion investment over five years in Australian infrastructure, research, and partnerships. D-Wave: D-Wave, headquartered in Canada specializes in both annealing and gate-model quantum computers and has worked closely with NASA and Google to set up Quantum Artificial Intelligence Labs. Infosys: In India, Infosys has partnered with Australian quantum cybersecurity firm QuintessenceLabs to create a quantum random number generator compatible with classical encryption systems, enhancing cybersecurity capabilities. Potential applications of quantum computing: New Medicines: Quantum computing can help simulate complex molecular interactions, allowing researchers to discover new drugs and optimize existing ones. Improved Climate Predictions: Quantum computers can process vast amounts of data, leading to more accurate climate models and better-informed policies for environmental preservation. Secure Communication: Quantum computers can enable ultrasecure communication using quantum encryption, making it nearly impossible for hackers to intercept sensitive information. Enhanced AI Models: Quantum computing can dramatically improve machine learning algorithms, enabling more efficient and accurate AI models for various applications. Logistics and Supply Chains: Quantum computing can find optimal solutions for complex optimization problems, such as routing and scheduling, to improve efficiency in logistics and supply chains. Better Investment Strategies: Quantum computing can analyze complex financial data, allowing for improved risk assessment and investment strategies in the financial sector. Climate Change: Quantum computing can enhance climate modelling and analysis, aiding in the development of effective climate change mitigation strategies. Challenges in developing quantum computing technology: Engineering larger quantum processors: A practical QC needs at least 1,000 qubits. Currently, the largest quantum processor has 433 qubits. Engineering barriers need to be overcome to create larger processors. Maintaining specific conditions: Qubits require extremely low temperatures, radiation shielding, and protection against physical shock to maintain their superposition states. Error-correction: Quantum error-correction is tricky due to the no cloning theorem, which states that a qubit’s state cannot be perfectly cloned. Error-correction requires entangling each qubit with thousands of physical qubits. Error amplification: Researchers must develop QCs that don’t amplify errors when more qubits are added. Keeping error rates below a certain threshold is crucial, as more qubits could otherwise increase informational noise. Way Forward: Just like the fast-growing Artificial Intelligence market, quantum computing, as another technology, has created a wave among the countries and companies globally to get into a race and acquire a leadership position. Therefore the need of the hour is to build sufficient quantum computational capacity, develop skills in building and operationalizing a practical size and affordable cost quantum computer, continue research into realizing the various practical applications. Source: ORF India’s Food Inflation challenges and solution Syllabus Mains – GS 3 (Economy) Context: In the recent times there is a growing concerns about the food inflation trend observed in India. About Food inflation Food inflation refers to the increase in the prices of food items over time. It affects the purchasing power and welfare of consumers, especially the poor and vulnerable sections of the society. The main causes of food inflation in India can be classified into demand-side and supply-side factors. Status of cereal crisis Persistently high inflation in cereal prices, particularly wheat and rice which lead to food inflation. Inflation in Cereals: In August 2023, cereals contributed almost as much to the Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation as tomatoes which accounted for 15.49% as compared to 15.51% for tomatoes. Inflation in Rice in the same month CPI inflation was 12.5%. Main reasons behind Supply Chain disruptions in India: As per analysis by agricultural economist Ashok Gulati, non-basmati rice exports surged from 1.38 million tonnes in 2019-20 to 6.4 million tonnes in 2022-23 causing high food inflation. . As per him, these exports occurred at prices lower than the minimum support price (MSP). Rice from the free food program is leaking out of the country in significant quantities and leading to higher domestic prices and leading to food inflation. Fragmented supply chain: The extended and fragmented supply chain leads to wastage and escalating prices. This situation arises due to the significant presence of unorganized players within the supply chain, resulting in operational challenges related to commercial viability. Logistical challenges: Logistics in India confront persistent challenges in terms of quality and connectivity. Despite Indian national highways handling around 40% of cargo despite accounting for only 2% of the total road network, quality and connectivity remain problematic. While port capacity is growing, the absence of proper connectivity to these ports leads to elevated costs and delays in cargo transfers. Inadequate cold storage and warehousing facilities: Warehousing plays a crucial role in the overall supply chain; however, it is predominantly under the purview of unorganized entities. Presently, merely 20% of warehousing falls under organized structures, with the government controlling about 70% of this segment. Insufficient cold storage capacity contributes to post-harvest losses for perishable commodities like fruits, vegetables, dairy, and meat. Climatic factors: Extreme temperature fluctuations and irregular rainfall patterns can adversely impact food grain production and yield. Global Influences: The global scenario also affects food inflation, with instances such as supply chain disruptions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, conflicts like the Russia-Ukraine war, and surges in international commodity prices. These elements have raised input costs and restricted the availability of essentials like edible oils, cereals, and sugar. Challenges of Food Inflation and procurement in India: No improvement in procurement: The desperate measures—controls and limits on stocks that are being used for the first time in 15 years, to access supplies did not help improve procurement much. Reduction in consumption: Reduction in farmers earnings reduces consumption spending in the economy. Impacting the economy: The food inflation and supply mess can spill over into the rest of the economy, distorting policies all around. Stressing of exchequer: Government buying products at market prices in competition with private buyers would bankrupt the exchequer. Stressing Farmers’ Income: It was decided to beat down market prices, resulting in decreasing farmers earnings and meant defying the Prime Minister’s instructions of doubling farmer incomes. By selling wheat from the government’s stocks at prices lower than its economic cost (of buying, transporting and storing), market prices were dragged down to the MSP level. Hike in interest rates of the Central Bank: High retail inflation could force the central bank to hike interest rates, hurting India’s economic recovery and blowing up the treasury and threatening fiscal correction. Steps taken by the Indian Government to control Food Inflation: Ban on Export of rice and wheat: The government has put a ban on wheat exports since May 2022 and on the export of atta and similar products since August 2022 to control food inflation. The government also banned exports of non-basmati rice too. Placed export duty: The government, selling from its stockpile at prices lower than their economic cost, has placed a 20% export duty on parboiled rice. Ban on stockpiling and illegal storage: The government has also banned traders, millers, wholesalers and retail chains from holding more than 3,000 tonnes of wheat. Smaller retailers and shops cannot stock more than 10 tonnes. Procurement to combat food inflation: The government procured all of 18.8 million tonnes of wheat against a target of 43.3 million tonnes. Way Forward: Therefore the need of the hour is to address the supply chain constraints causing food inflation in India which requires a comprehensive approach. This includes investing in rural infrastructure, reducing post-harvest losses through improved storage and processing facilities, upgrading transportation systems, and enhancing market access for farmers. India can significantly improve its supply chain efficiency, reduce food wastage, and mitigate the impact of inflation on food prices by implementing these measures. Source:  LM Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1) Consider the following pairs: Animal IUCN Status 1.Gaur Vulnerable 2.Indian Flying Fox Least Concern 3.Indian Vulture Critically Endangered How many of the above pairs are correctly matched? Only one Only two All three None Q2) Consider the following statements Statement-I: Pterygotrigla intermedica discovered recently in Bengal, is the fourth species of the Pterygotrigla genus reported in India to date. Statement-II: Gurnards are carnivorous. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I Statement-I is correct but Statement II is incorrect Statement-I is incorrect but Statement II is correct Q3) With reference to the GCES Web Portal and Mobile Application, consider the following statements: It was launched in 2017. It provides for a real-time estimate and technology in agriculture. It enables the primary worker to upload photos of the plot as well as of the crops through it. How many of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 1, 2 and 3 only 2 and 3 only 3only Mains Practice Questions Q.1) Explain the significance of international collaboration in advancing quantum computing and its applications. Highlight key inter-governmental and private initiatives. What challenges are the challenges in building quantum collaboration and suggest measures to overcome these challenges? (250 words) Q.2) India has experienced persistent and high food inflation in the recent past. What could be the reasons? Explain (250 words) Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  22nd September 2023 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs.st ANSWERS FOR 21st September – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – c Q.3) – a

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 21st September 2023

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction Syllabus Prelims –DISASTER MANAGEMENT Context: Leaders have recommitted to full implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction in the recently held summit. Background:- Leaders from around the world gathered on September 18, 2023, for the High-level Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Summit and agreed to intensify their efforts to deliver SDGs by 2030. About Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction:- IMAGE SOURCE: UNDR Adoption: 2015. Time Period: 2015-2030. It was adopted at the Third UN World Conference in Sendai, Japan, on March 18, 2015. Objective: to guide the multi-hazard management of disaster risk in development at all levels as well as within and across all sectors. Historical Background:- It is the outcome of stakeholder consultations initiated in March 2012 and inter-governmental negotiations from July 2014 to March 2015, supported by the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction at the request of the UN General Assembly. It is the successor instrument to the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters. The Sendai Framework outlines seven clear targets and four priorities for action to prevent new and reduce existing disaster risks. The four priorities for action include:- Understanding disaster risk: Disaster risk management should be based on an understanding of disaster risk in all its dimensions. Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk: Disaster risk governance at the national, regional, and global levels. Investing in disaster reduction for resilience: Public and private investment in disaster risk prevention and reduction. Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response, and to “Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction: strengthen disaster preparedness for response. It aims to achieve the substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods, and health and in the economic, physical, social, cultural, and environmental assets of persons, businesses, communities, and countries. It recognizes that the State has the primary role to reduce disaster risk. It believes that responsibility should be shared with other stakeholders including local government, the private sector, and other stakeholders. (Reimagining Disaster Management) The Sendai Framework works hand in hand with the other 2030 Agenda agreements, including The Paris Agreement on Climate Change. Significance:- The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 was the first major agreement of the post-2015 development agenda. It provides Member States with concrete actions to protect development gains from the risk of disaster. MUST READ: Joshimath crisis SOURCE: DOWN TO EARTH PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) “Climate Action Tracker” which monitors the emission reduction pledges of different countries is a: (2022) Database created by a coalition of research organizations Wing of “International Panel of Climate Change” Committee under “United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change” Agency promoted and financed by the United Nations Environment Programme and World Bank Q.2) Consider the following statements: (2016) The International Solar Alliance was launched at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in 2015. The Alliance includes all the member countries of the United Nations. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Hoysala Temples Syllabus Prelims –ART AND CULTURE Context: As per recent announcements, the Hoysala Temples, will be India’s 42nd UNESCO World Heritage Site. Background:- The announcement was made by the agency in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, where the 45th session of the World Heritage Committee is being held till September 25, 2023. Rabindranath Tagore’s Santiniketan, the university town in West Bengal, was also included as a world heritage site previously. About Hoysala Temples:- IMAGE SOURCE: INDIAN EXPRESS The sacred ensembles of the Hoysalas, that has been inscribed on the UNESCO’s World Heritage List includes three temples in Karnataka. The three Hoyasala temples include:- Chennakeshava temple Location: Belur (Hassan district), Karnataka. It is located at the centre of the traditional settlement which is surrounded by the remnants of a mud fort and a moat. The Garbhagriha is stellar shaped with zigzag walls making 24 forms of Lord Vishnu looking different at all times of the day due to light and shade effect. Shantaladevi, the queen of King Vishnuvardhana, is represented in Darpana Sundari (lady with the mirror). Sculpture and bracket figures of madanikas (celestial nymphs) are on the ceiling. Temples of Kappe Chennigaraya, Soumyanayaki, Andal, and other Vaishnava manifestations, surround the main temple. Hoysaleswara Temple Location: Halebidu (Hassan district), Karnataka. River: It is on the banks of the Dwarasamudra tank in Halebidu. It is a town that has many protected and unprotected temples, archaeological ruins, and mounds. Twin-shrine temple, perhaps the largest Shiva temple built by Hoysala kings. Poised on a star-shaped base that consists 8 rows of friezes carved with elephants, lions, horses, and floral scrolls. Outer walls have intricately carved Hindu deities, sages, stylized animals, birds, and friezes depicting the life of Hoysala kings. Imagery from epics like Ramayana, Mahabharata, and Bhagavad Gita adorn the outer walls. Highly ornate temple doorways. The Nandimantapa with a decorated Nandi statue is positioned right in front of the temple. The exquisite carvings in the interiors of the temple have highly polished lathe-turned pillars. Keshava Temple Location: Mysore district, Karnataka. It is at the center of Somanathapura village (Mysore district). It is a Vaishnava temple. River: Built on the banks of River Kaveri at Somanathapura. It was consecrated in 1258 CE by Somanatha Dandanayaka who was a general of King Narasimha III. It is enclosed in a walled courtyard with a mahadvara (major gate) and tall carved soapstone pillars. Soapstone: a green-grey chloritic schist material that is soft in a quarry but hardens when exposed to the air. There are inscription stones in old Kannada, with Hindu iconography and miniature reliefs of Keshava, Janardhana, and Venugopala. About Hoysala Architecture:- Hoysala architecture developed under the rule of the Hoysala Empire between the 11th and 14th centuries. It is mostly concentrated in southern Karnataka. Hoysala temples are sometimes called hybrid or vesara as their unique style seems between Dravida and Nagara styles. The Hoysala temples contain multiple shrines grouped around a central pillared hall and laid out in the shape of an intricately designed star. They are made out of soapstone which is a relatively soft stone. They are easily distinguishable from other medieval temples by their highly original star-like ground plans and a profusion of decorative carvings. List of World Heritage Sites In India: Cultural 34 Agra Fort (1983) Ajanta Caves (1983) Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara at Nalanda, Bihar (2016) Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi (1989) Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park (2004) Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus) (2004) Churches and Convents of Goa (1986) Dholavira: a Harappan City (2021) Elephanta Caves (1987) Ellora Caves (1983) Fatehpur Sikri (1986) Great Living Chola Temples (1987, 2004) Group of Monuments at Hampi (1986) Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram (1984) Group of Monuments at Pattadakal (1987) Hill Forts of Rajasthan (2013) Historic City of Ahmadabad (2017) Humayun’s Tomb, Delhi (1993) Jaipur City, Rajasthan (2019) Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana (2021) Khajuraho Group of Monuments (1986) Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya (2002) Mountain Railways of India (1999, 2005, 2008) Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi (1993) Rani-ki-Vav (the Queen’s Stepwell) at Patan, Gujarat (2014) Red Fort Complex (2007) Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (2003) Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas (2023) Santiniketan (2023) Sun Temple, Konârak (1984) Taj Mahal (1983) The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement (2016) The Jantar Mantar, Jaipur (2010) Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai (2018) Natural 7 Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area (2014) Kaziranga National Park (1985) Keoladeo National Park (1985) Manas Wildlife Sanctuary (1985) Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks (1988, 2005) Sundarbans National Park (1987) Western Ghats (2012) Mixed 1 Khangchendzonga National Park (2016) MUST READ: Khajuraho temples SOURCE: INDIAN EXPRESS PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) The Prime Minister recently inaugurated the new Circuit House near Somnath Temple Veraval. Which of the following statements are correct regarding Somnath Temple? (2022) Somnath Temple is one of the Jyotirlinga shrines. A description of the Somnath Temple was given by Al-Biruni. Pran Pratishtha of Somnath Temple (installation of the present-day temple) was done by President S. Radhakrishnan. Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1,2 and 3  Q.2) Building ‘Kalyaana Mandapas’ was a notable feature in the temple construction in the kingdom of (2019) Chalukya Chandela Rashtrakuta Vijayanagara Line of Control (LoC) Syllabus Prelims –POLITY Context: The Indian Army and Jammu and Kashmir Police killed three terrorists along the Line of Control (LoC) in Uri, Jammu and Kashmir recently. Background:- One of the three terrorists who attempted to cross the LoC into India at Uri town in the Baramulla district received cover fire from Pakistani forces, said Brigadier PMS Dhillon, commander of the Pir Panjal Brigade of the Indian Army. About Line of Control (LoC):- The full form of LOC is Line of Control. It is the military command line between the parts of the former princely state of Jammu & Kashmir administered by India & Pakistan. It is not an international boundary. However, under international law, it is defined and protected by a bilateral treaty, the 1972 Shimla Agreement. LOC was originally known as the Cease-fire Line. It was redesignated as the “Line of Control” following the Shimla Agreement. The Shimla Agreement was signed on 3 July 1972. It is delineated on a map signed by DGMOs of both armies and has the international sanctity of a legal agreement. The part of Jammu that is under Indian control was known as the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Currently, Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh are the two union territories that make up the portion of the erstwhile princely state that is under Indian administration. The Pakistani-controlled part is divided into Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Gilgit–Baltistan. The northernmost point of the Line of Control is known as  NJ9842. The Line of Control divided Kashmir into two parts and closed the Jehlum valley route. LOC is clearly demarcated by the militaries and a lot of activities (i.e. face to face-to-face confrontation, firings, etc.) take place. The Indian and Pakistan army is present here. (Judicial remedies for the Jammu and Kashmir net restrictions). MUST READ: Article 370 SOURCE: BUSINESS LINE PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Which of the following is/are the exclusive power(s) of Lok Sabha? (2022) To ratify the declaration of Emergency To pass a motion of no-confidence against the Council of Ministers To impeach the President of India Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1 and 2 2 only 1 and 3 3 only Q.2) With reference to India, consider the following statements: (2021) Judicial custody means an accused is in the custody of the concerned magistrate and such an accused is locked up in a police station, not in jail. During judicial custody, the police officer in charge of the case is not allowed to interrogate the suspect without the approval of the court. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Comptroller Auditor General of India (CAG) Syllabus Prelims –POLITY Context: Recently, a series of violations and other discrepancies, in the wildlife sanctuaries of Gujarat managed by the state forest department, were flagged by the Comptroller Auditor General of India (CAG). Background:- Poor spending of funds has led to mismanagement, leaving the forests open for encroachment, mining, and deforestation, added CAG in its report tabled in the state assembly on September 16, 2023. Less than 1 percent of the allotted fund was spent by the forest department in 2016-17. Though the state government allocated Rs 85,557.78 crore, just Rs 1,000 crore or 0.78 percent was spent, CAG pointed out. About the Comptroller Auditor General of India (CAG):- The Constitution of India provides for an independent office of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) in Chapter V under Part V. He is the head of the Indian Audit and Accounts Department. He is the guardian of the public purse. He acts as a guide, friend, and philosopher of the Public Accounts Committee of the Parliament. Appointment: CAG is appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal. Tenure: 6 years or 65 years of age, whichever is earlier. Removal: CAG can be removed by the President only in accordance with the procedure mentioned in the Constitution which is the manner same as the removal of a Supreme Court Judge. He is ineligible to hold any office, either under the Government of India or of any state, once he retires/resigns as a CAG. Salary: His salary and other service conditions cannot be varied to his disadvantage after the appointment. Conditions of service: His administrative powers and the conditions of service of persons serving in the Indian Audit and Accounts Department are prescribed by the President only after consulting him. The administrative expenses of the office of CAG, including all salaries, allowances, and pensions are charged upon the Consolidated Fund of India that is not subject to vote. Constitutional Provisions regarding the CAG:- Article 148–151, in Part V of the constitution of India deals with the appointment, oath, and conditions of service, Duties, and Powers of CAG. Article 279 – The calculation of “net proceeds” is ascertained and certified by the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India, whose certificate is final. Third Schedule – Section IV of the Third Schedule of the Constitution of India prescribes the form of oath or affirmation to be made by the Judges of the Supreme Court and the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India at the time of assumption of office. Sixth Schedule– According to this schedule, the District Council or Regional Council should be kept in such form as the CAG prescribes with the approval of the President. Functions of CAG:- CAG audits the accounts related to all expenditures from the Consolidated Fund of India, the Consolidated Fund of each state, and UT’s having a legislative assembly. He audits all expenditures from the Contingency Fund of India and the Public Account of India as well as the Contingency Fund and Public Account of each state. He audits all trading, manufacturing, profit and loss accounts, balance sheets, and other subsidiary accounts kept by any department of the Central Government and the state governments. He audits the receipts and expenditures of all bodies and authorities substantially financed from the Central or State revenues. (Accountability of CAG)) He audits the accounts of any other authority when requested by the President or Governor. MUST READ: UIDAI audit by CAG SOURCE: DOWN TO EARTH PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements: (2022) The Attorney General of India and Solicitor General of India are the only officers of the Government who are allowed to participate in the meetings of the Parliament of India. According to the Constitution of India, the Attorney General of India submits his resignation when the Government which appointed him resigns. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) Consider the following statements: (2016) The Chief Secretary in a State is appointed by the Governor of that State. The Chief Secretary in a State has a fixed tenure Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 SHREYAS scheme Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNMENT SCHEMES Context: As per recent estimates, over 2300 crore rupees have been allocated for the education of students since 2014 under the SHREYAS scheme. Background:- SHREYAS National Fellowship Scheme benefits more than 21,000 SC students for Higher Education. About SHREYAS scheme:- Launched:2014. Ministry: Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment. SHREYAS stands for, the Scholarships for Higher Education for Young Achievers Scheme. It is an umbrella scheme that comprises 4 central sector sub-schemes. Since all these sub-schemes are central sector schemes, state-wise data is not maintained for these schemes. Objectives:– Provide high-quality coaching to economically disadvantaged SC and OBC Candidates. Prepare them for competitive and entrance exams for public and private sector jobs. Facilitate admissions to prestigious technical and professional higher education institutions. Salient Features:- SHREYAS stands for, the Scholarships for Higher Education for Young Achievers Scheme. The 4 central sector sub-schemes under it include:- Top Class Education for SCs Free Coaching Scheme for SCs and OBCs National Overseas Scheme for SCs National Fellowship for SCs. Top Class Education for SCs:- Objectives:- To provide coaching of good quality for economically disadvantaged Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Other Backward Classes (OBCs) candidates. To enable them to appear in competitive and entrance examinations for obtaining appropriate jobs in the Public/Private Sector as well as for securing admission in reputed technical and professional higher education institutions. The ceiling of the total family income under the scheme is 8 lakhs per annum. The ratio of SC: OBC students is 70:30. 30% of slots are reserved for females in each category. In case of the non-availability of an adequate number of candidates in the SC category, the Ministry can relax this ratio. However, in no case, a less than 50% SC student shall be permitted. Top-Class Education for SCs:- Objective: recognizing and promoting quality education amongst students belonging to SCs by providing full financial support. The Scheme will cover SC students pursuing studies beyond the 12th class. The scholarship, once awarded, will continue till the completion of the course, subject to satisfactory performance of the student. The ceiling of the total family income under the scheme is 8 lakhs per annum. Under the scheme, full tuition fees, non-refundable charges, and academic allowance expenses are provided. National Overseas Scheme for SCs:- Under this scheme, financial assistance is provided to the selected students from SCs, De-notified, Nomadic, and Semi-Nomadic Tribes, landless agricultural labourers, and traditional artisan categories for pursuing master and Ph.D. level courses abroad. Such students can benefit under the scheme whose total family income, including the candidate, is less than 8 lakhs per annum, who have more than 60% marks in the qualifying examination, who are below 35 years of age, and who secured admission in top 500 QS ranking foreign Institutes/ Universities. Under the scheme, total tuition fees, maintenance and contingency allowance, and visa fees, to and fro air passage, are provided to the awardees. (Education & Nation Building) National Fellowship for SC Students:- Under the scheme, fellowship is provided to Scheduled Castes students for pursuing higher education leading to M.Phil/Ph.D. degrees in Sciences, Humanities, and Social Sciences in Universities/Institutions/ Colleges recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC). The scheme provides for 2000 new slots per year who have qualified the National Eligibility Test- Junior Research Fellowship (NET-JRF) of UGC and Junior Research Fellows for Science stream qualifying UGC-Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (UGC-CSIR) Joint Test. MUST READ: Gender gap in education SOURCE: PIB PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Which of the following is/are the aim/aims of the “Digital India” Plan of the Government of India? (2018) Formation of India’s own Internet companies like China did. Establish a policy framework to encourage overseas multinational corporations that collect Big Data to build their large data centres within our national geographical boundaries. Connect many of our villages to the Internet and bring Wi-Fi to many of our schools, public places, and major tourist centres. Select the correct answer using the code given below : 1 and 2 only 3 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.2) Regarding Digi Locker’, sometimes seen in the news, which of the following statements is/are correct? (2016) It is a digital locker system offered by the Government under the Digital India Programme. It allows you to access your e-documents irrespective of your physical location. Select the correct answer using the code given below. 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Old Parliament Building Syllabus Prelims –ART AND CULTURE Context: As per recent reports, the old Parliament Building will be turned into a museum. Background:- From September 19, 2023, the ongoing special House session has been moved to the new Parliament building. The old Parliament will be turned into a museum. About the old Parliament Building:- Location: New Delhi. Designed by British architects Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker. Foundation laid: February 12, 1921. Inaugurated: January 18, 1927. Historical Background:- At the coronation of George V as Emperor of India on December 12, 1911, the monarch decided to transfer the seat of the Government of India from Calcutta to the ancient Capital of Delhi. This 164-pillared building first housed the Imperial Legislative Council (From January 18, 1927 to August 15, 1947) in Delhi following this transfer. After Independence, it served as the Constituent Assembly of India. After the adoption of the Constitution it became the Parliament of India, housing the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. In 2019, the central government announced the redevelopment project to give a new identity to the ‘power corridor’ of India. This project is known as the Central Vista redevelopment project. The plan included the construction of a new parliament. Architecture:- The circular, colonnaded Parliament building has for long been a symbol of India’s democracy. The parliament building’s construction took six years – from 1921 to 1927. It is popularly believed that the circular shape of the Chausath Yogini temple at Mitawli village in Madhya Pradesh’s Morena provided inspiration for the Council House design. However, there is no historical evidence to back this up. A few Indian elements added include:- Jaalis: a latticed carving depicting objects like flowers and other patterns. chhatris: a domed roof atop a pavilion-like structure. It features Indian architectural motifs, such as the use of columns and domes. The building is renowned for its architectural blend of Western and Indian styles. The goal of the architecture was to project the strength of British imperialism and rule over India. Hence, both the architects agreed to highlight the superiority of European classicism, upon which Indian traditions had to be based. The circular building has 144 cream sandstone pillars. The building is surrounded by large gardens. (Mughal Gardens) MUST READ: Puri Jagannath Temple SOURCE: THE INDIAN EXPRESS PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to ancient South India, Korkai, Poompuhar, and Muchiri were well-known as (2023) capital cities ports centers of iron-and-steel making shrines of Jain Tirthankaras Q.2)With reference to Chausath Yogini Temple situated near Morena, consider the following statements: (2021) It is a circular temple built during the reign of the Kachchhapaghata Dynasty. It is the only circular temple built in India. It was meant to promote the Vaishnava cult in the region. Its design has given rise to a popular belief that it was the inspiration behind the Indian Parliament building. Which of the statements given above are correct? 1 and 2 2 and 3 only 1 and 4 2, 3 and 4 Kisan Rin Portal Syllabus Prelims –ECONOMY/GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES Context: Recently, the Indian govt launched the Kisan Rin Portal with the weather portal WIND. Background:- Government launches Kisan Rin Portal under the Kisan Credit Card scheme to revolutionize the agriculture sector of India, along with the weather information Network Data Systems (WINDS) portal. The WIND portal:- Launched: July 2023. Objective: to leverage advanced weather data analytics and to give stakeholders actionable insight to make informed weather decisions on agriculture. The portal also provides a comprehensive manual to stakeholders for an in-depth understanding of the portal functionalities, data interpretations, and effective utilization, empowering farmers, policymakers, and various agricultural entities to make well-informed decisions. About Kisan Rin Portal:- Launched: September,2023. Objective: to revolutionize access to credit services under the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme, particularly for farmers. The Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme is a credit scheme introduced in August 1998 by Indian public sector banks. Implementation: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare (MoA&FW), Ministry of Finance, Reserve Bank of India (RBI), and National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD). Salient Features:- The Kisan Rin portal serves as an integrated hub. It offers a comprehensive view of farmer data. It will also show the progress in scheme utilization. It will provide farmers easy access to subsidized loans under the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme. (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi) The Kisan Rin digital platform will offer:- a comprehensive view of farmer data scheme utilization progress loan disbursement specifics (Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF)) interest subvention claims It will facilitate farmers in availing of subsidized agricultural credit through the Modified Interest Subvention Scheme (MISS). Benefits:- By fostering seamless integration with banks, this pioneering portal enables proactive policy interventions, strategic guidance, and adaptive enhancements for more focused and efficient agriculture credit and optimum utilization of interest subvention. It will increase seamless integration with banks for more effective and efficient agriculture credit. MUST READ: Digital Platform Kisan Sarathi SOURCE: BUSINESS LINE PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements: (2023) The Government of India provides Minimum Support Price for niger( Guizotia aoyssinica) seeds. Niger is cultivated as a Kharif crop. Some tribal people in India use niger seed oil for cooking. How many of the above statements are correct? Only one Only two All three None Q.2) Which one of the following countries has been suffering from decades of civil strife and food shortages and was in the news in the recent past for its very severe famine? (2023) Angola Costa Rica Ecuador Somalia Mains: Strengthening of Power Sector in India Syllabus Mains – GS 3 (Economy) Context: The Central Electricity Authority (CEA) recently projects India’s power sector demand to increase 1.8 times between 2021-22 and 2031-32. At this rate, India’s annual per capita electricity consumption will be about 1,700-1,800 units in 2031-32. Power Sector in India: India was ranked 4th in wind power, 5th in solar power and 4th in renewable power installed capacity, as of 2020. Installed Generation Capacity (Fuel wise): Fossil Fuel – 2,37,269MW (56.8%) in which Coal and Lignite has largest share 50.7%, India is the only country among the G20 nations that is on track to achieve the targets under the Paris Agreement. As of October 2022, India’s installed renewable energy capacity (including hydro) stood at 165.94 GW, representing 40.6% of the overall installed power capacity. Solar energy is estimated to contribute 62 GW, followed by 41.84 GW from wind power, 10.70 GW from biomass, 4.92 GW from small hydropower, and 46.85 GW from hydropower. Challenges in India’s Power Sector Transformation: Policy and Regulation of power Sector: Electricity is listed in a ‘concurrent list’ in seven schedules, therefore there is lack of coordination and cooperation between centre and states. Generation of electricity in the power sector: In spite of the renewables push, coal still accounts for about 50% of India’s installed power capacity. Central Electricity Authority (CEA) identified land acquisition, fund constraints with contractors, and contractual disputes as some key issues leading to delays. Subsidies: Government subsidy and cross-subsidy from industrial and commercial consumers attempt to keep electricity affordable for residential and agricultural consumers. For example, in 2019-20, while 21% of the total electricity supply was sold to agricultural consumers, their share in the total revenue was only 2%. Transmission issue in power sector: The country’s weak transmission grid remains a serious hurdle. For example: A planned approach to build huge solar plants in Leh was recently cancelled due to a lack of transmission infrastructure. Climate Finance and decarbonization: India’s pledge at the COP-26 summit to have 500 GW of non-fossil generation capacity by 2030. These will require investments of about Rs 32 lakh crore. Transmission lines overloading: Due to higher loads during peak hours, transmission lines frequently experience issues. Distribution in power sector: Discoms are the weakest link in India’s Power sector. Discoms continue to register financial losses, technical and commercial losses remain high. Although private participation is permitted, their presence among discoms is limited. Underutilization of Renewable Energy Potential: The National Electricity Plan (NEP) projects a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7% in energy demand from FY22 to FY27. The report estimates that the pace of solar installations will need to double to over 30 GW per year to meet the NEP targets. Solutions to tackle these challenges: Fuel Reforms: Various aspects like ramping up coal production by both public and private sector in a time-bound manner, increased participation of private sector in coal production and easing of regulatory framework etc need to be addressed while formulating such reforms. Taxation: Power-generating companies should not be saddled with the burden of cross-subsidising the renewable sector. This can be borne by the society (through taxation) and not by the entities that are already in trouble. Cooperative federalism: To resolve water disputes, government must help states to come to a common ground. Emphasis should be on cooperative federalism with shared benefit to all the states. Balanced Regulatory Interventions: Regulators need to be sensitised to the challenges faced by the sector and policy framework needs to be crafted and enforced to ensure a win-win situation for all the stakeholders. They must pro-actively intervene to resolve the immediate issues ailing the power sector. Increased Financing Facilities for Energy Sector: A robust and sustainable credit enhancement mechanism for funding in Energy Sector needs to be put in place through increased participation by global funding agencies like The World Bank, ADB etc. in the entire value chain. Merger of ministries: There should be only one energy ministry to make coordination and implementation of policies better. It will remove policy paralysis too. Reduction of transmission losses: This should be achieved by better infrastructure and technological efforts. Old plants should be shut and should be replaced with new. Government Initiatives to Reform the Power Sector: The Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana (SAUBHAGYA): It aims to achieve universal household electrification by providing electricity connections to all un-electrified households. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY): The DDUGJY launched in 2014 a program to achieve 100% village electrification. The Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All (UJALA) scheme: To provide energy efficient LED bulbs to domestic consumers at an affordable price. Restructured Distribution Sector Scheme (RDSS): To enhance the efficiency of power distribution. UDAY Scheme: Launched in 2015 for Operational and Financial Turnaround of Power Distribution Companies. Way Forward: Therefore India’s growing economy demands an exponential increase in electricity supply, which requires a comprehensive reforms in policy, regulation, and the entire power sector are essential. By embracing decentralization, upgrading technology, and privatizing distribution companies, India can pave the way for a more efficient and sustainable power sector, ensuring a brighter future for its citizens. Source:  BS MUST READ:  State if DISCOM’s in India Exploring Bima Sugam: A Revolution in Indian Insurance Syllabus Mains – GS 2 (Governance) Context: The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) claims that the proposed Bima Sugam is a “game changer” and a “UPI moment” for the insurance segment. About Bima Sugam Platform: Bima Sugam will enable individuals to buy life, health, motor or property insurance policies online. The platform will enable easy access under a single roof for insurance companies, agents, brokers, banks and even aggregators. The platform will act as a centralised database which will assist consumers with all insurance related queries. The overall budget for Bima Sugam has been hiked to Rs 200 crore from around Rs 85 crore. Ownership: Life insurance and general insurance companies will own a 47.5 percent stake each, while brokers and agent bodies will own 2.5 percent each. Significance of the Bima Sugam Platform: Cost Effective: Commissions on policies are expected to come down, benefiting the customers. The cost of buying policies will come down. Single Platform with various Options: Bima Sugam will enable them to identify a suitable scheme for the customers in a single platform. They have to spend time talking to agents and visiting the websites of different insurers to select a suitable scheme. Access of Data on real-time basis: It will facilitate insurance companies to access the validated and authentic data from various touch points on a real-time basis. Reduce Paperwork: The platform will interface for the intermediaries and agents to sell policies and provide services to policyholders, among others, and reduce paperwork. Single window for the Policyholders: The proposed Bima Sugam platform would act as a single window for the policyholder to manage his/her insurance coverage. End-to-end Solutions Provider: Bima Sugam will provide end-to-end solutions for customers’ insurance needs i.e., purchase, service, and settlement in a seamless manner. Faster Claims and Renewals: Settlement of claims and renewal of policies will also become faster as paperwork is reduced drastically, making it easier for the customers. An Electronic Marketplace Protocol: As per IRDAI, Bima Sugam would universalise and democratize insurance, which would enable and empower all insurance stakeholders across the insurance value chain. Challenges with the Insurance Sector in India: Fraud: Fraud is a major challenge in the insurance sector in India. Insurance fraud includes false claims, misrepresentations, and other illegal activities. Fraud can often be facilitated by weaknesses in an organization’s systems and controls, which can create opportunities for those intent on committing fraud. More than 70% of Indian insurers indicated a marginal to a significant increase in frauds in the past two years. Low Penetration: The insurance penetration rate in India is low as compared to other countries. This is due to low awareness and a lack of trust among people towards insurance. According to the IRDAI, the penetration of the Indian insurance industry is less than 5% of the GDP. In terms of penetration, India is far behind the global average of 7% of the GDP. Lack of Product Innovation: The insurance sector in India has been slow in product innovation. Many insurance companies offer similar products, which leads to a lack of differentiation in the market. Slow Rate of Digitalization by Incumbents: The insurance sector in India has been slow to adopt digitalization compared to other industries, which has resulted in several challenges such as inefficient processes, lack of transparency, and poor customer experience. Claims Management: The claims process in India is often seen as complicated, slow, and opaque, which can lead to customer dissatisfaction and loss of trust in the insurance industry. This can be due to a lack of transparency, inefficient processes, and poor communication with customers. Lack of Automation: Many insurance companies in India still rely on manual processes for tasks such as underwriting, policy servicing, and claims management, which can be time-consuming and error prone. This can result in delays, higher costs, and dissatisfied customers. Way Forward: The implementation of Bima Sugam may pose significant technological challenges, but it holds the potential to enhance insurance penetration in India. As the insurance sector embraces innovation and technology, Bima Sugam could pave the way for a more inclusive and secure future for policyholders in the country. Source:  Indian Express Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1) Consider the following pairs: Temple Location 1.Sammed Shikharji Jain Temple Jharkhand 2.Modhera Sun temple Gujarat 3.Srisailam Temple Kerala How many of the above pairs are correctly matched? Only one Only two All three None Q2) Consider the following statements Statement-I: Investing in disaster reduction for resilience is one of the four priorities for action of the Sendai Framework. Statement-II: It is the predecessor of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA). Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I Statement-I is correct but Statement II is incorrect Statement-I is incorrect but Statement II is correct Q3) With reference to the Comptroller Auditor General of India (CAG), consider the following statements: His pension comes from the Consolidated Fund of India and is subject to vote. He is the head of the Indian Audit and Accounts Department. He has a tenure of 5 years or 60 years of age, whichever is earlier. How many of the statements given above are correct? 2 only 1, 2 and 3 only and 3 only only Mains Practice Questions Q.1) Describe the benefits of deriving electric energy from sunlight in contrast to conventional energy generation. What are the initiatives offered by our government for this purpose? (2020) Q.2) What are the major challenges of insurance sector in India, and suggest innovative steps to address them? (250 words) Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  21st September 2023 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs.st ANSWERS FOR 20th September – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – d Q.2) – b Q.3) – a

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 21st September 2023

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction Syllabus Prelims –DISASTER MANAGEMENT Context: Leaders have recommitted to full implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction in the recently held summit. Background:- Leaders from around the world gathered on September 18, 2023, for the High-level Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Summit and agreed to intensify their efforts to deliver SDGs by 2030. About Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction:- IMAGE SOURCE: UNDR Adoption: 2015. Time Period: 2015-2030. It was adopted at the Third UN World Conference in Sendai, Japan, on March 18, 2015. Objective: to guide the multi-hazard management of disaster risk in development at all levels as well as within and across all sectors. Historical Background:- It is the outcome of stakeholder consultations initiated in March 2012 and inter-governmental negotiations from July 2014 to March 2015, supported by the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction at the request of the UN General Assembly. It is the successor instrument to the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters. The Sendai Framework outlines seven clear targets and four priorities for action to prevent new and reduce existing disaster risks. The four priorities for action include:- Understanding disaster risk: Disaster risk management should be based on an understanding of disaster risk in all its dimensions. Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk: Disaster risk governance at the national, regional, and global levels. Investing in disaster reduction for resilience: Public and private investment in disaster risk prevention and reduction. Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response, and to “Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction: strengthen disaster preparedness for response. It aims to achieve the substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods, and health and in the economic, physical, social, cultural, and environmental assets of persons, businesses, communities, and countries. It recognizes that the State has the primary role to reduce disaster risk. It believes that responsibility should be shared with other stakeholders including local government, the private sector, and other stakeholders. (Reimagining Disaster Management) The Sendai Framework works hand in hand with the other 2030 Agenda agreements, including The Paris Agreement on Climate Change. Significance:- The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 was the first major agreement of the post-2015 development agenda. It provides Member States with concrete actions to protect development gains from the risk of disaster. MUST READ: Joshimath crisis SOURCE: DOWN TO EARTH PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) “Climate Action Tracker” which monitors the emission reduction pledges of different countries is a: (2022) Database created by a coalition of research organizations Wing of “International Panel of Climate Change” Committee under “United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change” Agency promoted and financed by the United Nations Environment Programme and World Bank Q.2) Consider the following statements: (2016) The International Solar Alliance was launched at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in 2015. The Alliance includes all the member countries of the United Nations. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Hoysala Temples Syllabus Prelims –ART AND CULTURE Context: As per recent announcements, the Hoysala Temples, will be India’s 42nd UNESCO World Heritage Site. Background:- The announcement was made by the agency in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, where the 45th session of the World Heritage Committee is being held till September 25, 2023. Rabindranath Tagore’s Santiniketan, the university town in West Bengal, was also included as a world heritage site previously. About Hoysala Temples:- IMAGE SOURCE: INDIAN EXPRESS The sacred ensembles of the Hoysalas, that has been inscribed on the UNESCO’s World Heritage List includes three temples in Karnataka. The three Hoyasala temples include:- Chennakeshava temple Location: Belur (Hassan district), Karnataka. It is located at the centre of the traditional settlement which is surrounded by the remnants of a mud fort and a moat. The Garbhagriha is stellar shaped with zigzag walls making 24 forms of Lord Vishnu looking different at all times of the day due to light and shade effect. Shantaladevi, the queen of King Vishnuvardhana, is represented in Darpana Sundari (lady with the mirror). Sculpture and bracket figures of madanikas (celestial nymphs) are on the ceiling. Temples of Kappe Chennigaraya, Soumyanayaki, Andal, and other Vaishnava manifestations, surround the main temple. Hoysaleswara Temple Location: Halebidu (Hassan district), Karnataka. River: It is on the banks of the Dwarasamudra tank in Halebidu. It is a town that has many protected and unprotected temples, archaeological ruins, and mounds. Twin-shrine temple, perhaps the largest Shiva temple built by Hoysala kings. Poised on a star-shaped base that consists 8 rows of friezes carved with elephants, lions, horses, and floral scrolls. Outer walls have intricately carved Hindu deities, sages, stylized animals, birds, and friezes depicting the life of Hoysala kings. Imagery from epics like Ramayana, Mahabharata, and Bhagavad Gita adorn the outer walls. Highly ornate temple doorways. The Nandimantapa with a decorated Nandi statue is positioned right in front of the temple. The exquisite carvings in the interiors of the temple have highly polished lathe-turned pillars. Keshava Temple Location: Mysore district, Karnataka. It is at the center of Somanathapura village (Mysore district). It is a Vaishnava temple. River: Built on the banks of River Kaveri at Somanathapura. It was consecrated in 1258 CE by Somanatha Dandanayaka who was a general of King Narasimha III. It is enclosed in a walled courtyard with a mahadvara (major gate) and tall carved soapstone pillars. Soapstone: a green-grey chloritic schist material that is soft in a quarry but hardens when exposed to the air. There are inscription stones in old Kannada, with Hindu iconography and miniature reliefs of Keshava, Janardhana, and Venugopala. About Hoysala Architecture:- Hoysala architecture developed under the rule of the Hoysala Empire between the 11th and 14th centuries. It is mostly concentrated in southern Karnataka. Hoysala temples are sometimes called hybrid or vesara as their unique style seems between Dravida and Nagara styles. The Hoysala temples contain multiple shrines grouped around a central pillared hall and laid out in the shape of an intricately designed star. They are made out of soapstone which is a relatively soft stone. They are easily distinguishable from other medieval temples by their highly original star-like ground plans and a profusion of decorative carvings. List of World Heritage Sites In India: Cultural 34 Agra Fort (1983) Ajanta Caves (1983) Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara at Nalanda, Bihar (2016) Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi (1989) Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park (2004) Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus) (2004) Churches and Convents of Goa (1986) Dholavira: a Harappan City (2021) Elephanta Caves (1987) Ellora Caves (1983) Fatehpur Sikri (1986) Great Living Chola Temples (1987, 2004) Group of Monuments at Hampi (1986) Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram (1984) Group of Monuments at Pattadakal (1987) Hill Forts of Rajasthan (2013) Historic City of Ahmadabad (2017) Humayun’s Tomb, Delhi (1993) Jaipur City, Rajasthan (2019) Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana (2021) Khajuraho Group of Monuments (1986) Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya (2002) Mountain Railways of India (1999, 2005, 2008) Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi (1993) Rani-ki-Vav (the Queen’s Stepwell) at Patan, Gujarat (2014) Red Fort Complex (2007) Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (2003) Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas (2023) Santiniketan (2023) Sun Temple, Konârak (1984) Taj Mahal (1983) The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement (2016) The Jantar Mantar, Jaipur (2010) Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai (2018) Natural 7 Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area (2014) Kaziranga National Park (1985) Keoladeo National Park (1985) Manas Wildlife Sanctuary (1985) Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks (1988, 2005) Sundarbans National Park (1987) Western Ghats (2012) Mixed 1 Khangchendzonga National Park (2016) MUST READ: Khajuraho temples SOURCE: INDIAN EXPRESS PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) The Prime Minister recently inaugurated the new Circuit House near Somnath Temple Veraval. Which of the following statements are correct regarding Somnath Temple? (2022) Somnath Temple is one of the Jyotirlinga shrines. A description of the Somnath Temple was given by Al-Biruni. Pran Pratishtha of Somnath Temple (installation of the present-day temple) was done by President S. Radhakrishnan. Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1,2 and 3  Q.2) Building ‘Kalyaana Mandapas’ was a notable feature in the temple construction in the kingdom of (2019) Chalukya Chandela Rashtrakuta Vijayanagara Line of Control (LoC) Syllabus Prelims –POLITY Context: The Indian Army and Jammu and Kashmir Police killed three terrorists along the Line of Control (LoC) in Uri, Jammu and Kashmir recently. Background:- One of the three terrorists who attempted to cross the LoC into India at Uri town in the Baramulla district received cover fire from Pakistani forces, said Brigadier PMS Dhillon, commander of the Pir Panjal Brigade of the Indian Army. About Line of Control (LoC):- The full form of LOC is Line of Control. It is the military command line between the parts of the former princely state of Jammu & Kashmir administered by India & Pakistan. It is not an international boundary. However, under international law, it is defined and protected by a bilateral treaty, the 1972 Shimla Agreement. LOC was originally known as the Cease-fire Line. It was redesignated as the “Line of Control” following the Shimla Agreement. The Shimla Agreement was signed on 3 July 1972. It is delineated on a map signed by DGMOs of both armies and has the international sanctity of a legal agreement. The part of Jammu that is under Indian control was known as the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Currently, Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh are the two union territories that make up the portion of the erstwhile princely state that is under Indian administration. The Pakistani-controlled part is divided into Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Gilgit–Baltistan. The northernmost point of the Line of Control is known as  NJ9842. The Line of Control divided Kashmir into two parts and closed the Jehlum valley route. LOC is clearly demarcated by the militaries and a lot of activities (i.e. face to face-to-face confrontation, firings, etc.) take place. The Indian and Pakistan army is present here. (Judicial remedies for the Jammu and Kashmir net restrictions). MUST READ: Article 370 SOURCE: BUSINESS LINE PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Which of the following is/are the exclusive power(s) of Lok Sabha? (2022) To ratify the declaration of Emergency To pass a motion of no-confidence against the Council of Ministers To impeach the President of India Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1 and 2 2 only 1 and 3 3 only Q.2) With reference to India, consider the following statements: (2021) Judicial custody means an accused is in the custody of the concerned magistrate and such an accused is locked up in a police station, not in jail. During judicial custody, the police officer in charge of the case is not allowed to interrogate the suspect without the approval of the court. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Comptroller Auditor General of India (CAG) Syllabus Prelims –POLITY Context: Recently, a series of violations and other discrepancies, in the wildlife sanctuaries of Gujarat managed by the state forest department, were flagged by the Comptroller Auditor General of India (CAG). Background:- Poor spending of funds has led to mismanagement, leaving the forests open for encroachment, mining, and deforestation, added CAG in its report tabled in the state assembly on September 16, 2023. Less than 1 percent of the allotted fund was spent by the forest department in 2016-17. Though the state government allocated Rs 85,557.78 crore, just Rs 1,000 crore or 0.78 percent was spent, CAG pointed out. About the Comptroller Auditor General of India (CAG):- The Constitution of India provides for an independent office of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) in Chapter V under Part V. He is the head of the Indian Audit and Accounts Department. He is the guardian of the public purse. He acts as a guide, friend, and philosopher of the Public Accounts Committee of the Parliament. Appointment: CAG is appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal. Tenure: 6 years or 65 years of age, whichever is earlier. Removal: CAG can be removed by the President only in accordance with the procedure mentioned in the Constitution which is the manner same as the removal of a Supreme Court Judge. He is ineligible to hold any office, either under the Government of India or of any state, once he retires/resigns as a CAG. Salary: His salary and other service conditions cannot be varied to his disadvantage after the appointment. Conditions of service: His administrative powers and the conditions of service of persons serving in the Indian Audit and Accounts Department are prescribed by the President only after consulting him. The administrative expenses of the office of CAG, including all salaries, allowances, and pensions are charged upon the Consolidated Fund of India that is not subject to vote. Constitutional Provisions regarding the CAG:- Article 148–151, in Part V of the constitution of India deals with the appointment, oath, and conditions of service, Duties, and Powers of CAG. Article 279 – The calculation of “net proceeds” is ascertained and certified by the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India, whose certificate is final. Third Schedule – Section IV of the Third Schedule of the Constitution of India prescribes the form of oath or affirmation to be made by the Judges of the Supreme Court and the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India at the time of assumption of office. Sixth Schedule– According to this schedule, the District Council or Regional Council should be kept in such form as the CAG prescribes with the approval of the President. Functions of CAG:- CAG audits the accounts related to all expenditures from the Consolidated Fund of India, the Consolidated Fund of each state, and UT’s having a legislative assembly. He audits all expenditures from the Contingency Fund of India and the Public Account of India as well as the Contingency Fund and Public Account of each state. He audits all trading, manufacturing, profit and loss accounts, balance sheets, and other subsidiary accounts kept by any department of the Central Government and the state governments. He audits the receipts and expenditures of all bodies and authorities substantially financed from the Central or State revenues. (Accountability of CAG)) He audits the accounts of any other authority when requested by the President or Governor. MUST READ: UIDAI audit by CAG SOURCE: DOWN TO EARTH PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements: (2022) The Attorney General of India and Solicitor General of India are the only officers of the Government who are allowed to participate in the meetings of the Parliament of India. According to the Constitution of India, the Attorney General of India submits his resignation when the Government which appointed him resigns. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) Consider the following statements: (2016) The Chief Secretary in a State is appointed by the Governor of that State. The Chief Secretary in a State has a fixed tenure Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 SHREYAS scheme Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNMENT SCHEMES Context: As per recent estimates, over 2300 crore rupees have been allocated for the education of students since 2014 under the SHREYAS scheme. Background:- SHREYAS National Fellowship Scheme benefits more than 21,000 SC students for Higher Education. About SHREYAS scheme:- Launched:2014. Ministry: Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment. SHREYAS stands for, the Scholarships for Higher Education for Young Achievers Scheme. It is an umbrella scheme that comprises 4 central sector sub-schemes. Since all these sub-schemes are central sector schemes, state-wise data is not maintained for these schemes. Objectives:– Provide high-quality coaching to economically disadvantaged SC and OBC Candidates. Prepare them for competitive and entrance exams for public and private sector jobs. Facilitate admissions to prestigious technical and professional higher education institutions. Salient Features:- SHREYAS stands for, the Scholarships for Higher Education for Young Achievers Scheme. The 4 central sector sub-schemes under it include:- Top Class Education for SCs Free Coaching Scheme for SCs and OBCs National Overseas Scheme for SCs National Fellowship for SCs. Top Class Education for SCs:- Objectives:- To provide coaching of good quality for economically disadvantaged Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Other Backward Classes (OBCs) candidates. To enable them to appear in competitive and entrance examinations for obtaining appropriate jobs in the Public/Private Sector as well as for securing admission in reputed technical and professional higher education institutions. The ceiling of the total family income under the scheme is 8 lakhs per annum. The ratio of SC: OBC students is 70:30. 30% of slots are reserved for females in each category. In case of the non-availability of an adequate number of candidates in the SC category, the Ministry can relax this ratio. However, in no case, a less than 50% SC student shall be permitted. Top-Class Education for SCs:- Objective: recognizing and promoting quality education amongst students belonging to SCs by providing full financial support. The Scheme will cover SC students pursuing studies beyond the 12th class. The scholarship, once awarded, will continue till the completion of the course, subject to satisfactory performance of the student. The ceiling of the total family income under the scheme is 8 lakhs per annum. Under the scheme, full tuition fees, non-refundable charges, and academic allowance expenses are provided. National Overseas Scheme for SCs:- Under this scheme, financial assistance is provided to the selected students from SCs, De-notified, Nomadic, and Semi-Nomadic Tribes, landless agricultural labourers, and traditional artisan categories for pursuing master and Ph.D. level courses abroad. Such students can benefit under the scheme whose total family income, including the candidate, is less than 8 lakhs per annum, who have more than 60% marks in the qualifying examination, who are below 35 years of age, and who secured admission in top 500 QS ranking foreign Institutes/ Universities. Under the scheme, total tuition fees, maintenance and contingency allowance, and visa fees, to and fro air passage, are provided to the awardees. (Education & Nation Building) National Fellowship for SC Students:- Under the scheme, fellowship is provided to Scheduled Castes students for pursuing higher education leading to M.Phil/Ph.D. degrees in Sciences, Humanities, and Social Sciences in Universities/Institutions/ Colleges recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC). The scheme provides for 2000 new slots per year who have qualified the National Eligibility Test- Junior Research Fellowship (NET-JRF) of UGC and Junior Research Fellows for Science stream qualifying UGC-Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (UGC-CSIR) Joint Test. MUST READ: Gender gap in education SOURCE: PIB PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Which of the following is/are the aim/aims of the “Digital India” Plan of the Government of India? (2018) Formation of India’s own Internet companies like China did. Establish a policy framework to encourage overseas multinational corporations that collect Big Data to build their large data centres within our national geographical boundaries. Connect many of our villages to the Internet and bring Wi-Fi to many of our schools, public places, and major tourist centres. Select the correct answer using the code given below : 1 and 2 only 3 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.2) Regarding Digi Locker’, sometimes seen in the news, which of the following statements is/are correct? (2016) It is a digital locker system offered by the Government under the Digital India Programme. It allows you to access your e-documents irrespective of your physical location. Select the correct answer using the code given below. 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Old Parliament Building Syllabus Prelims –ART AND CULTURE Context: As per recent reports, the old Parliament Building will be turned into a museum. Background:- From September 19, 2023, the ongoing special House session has been moved to the new Parliament building. The old Parliament will be turned into a museum. About the old Parliament Building:- Location: New Delhi. Designed by British architects Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker. Foundation laid: February 12, 1921. Inaugurated: January 18, 1927. Historical Background:- At the coronation of George V as Emperor of India on December 12, 1911, the monarch decided to transfer the seat of the Government of India from Calcutta to the ancient Capital of Delhi. This 164-pillared building first housed the Imperial Legislative Council (From January 18, 1927 to August 15, 1947) in Delhi following this transfer. After Independence, it served as the Constituent Assembly of India. After the adoption of the Constitution it became the Parliament of India, housing the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. In 2019, the central government announced the redevelopment project to give a new identity to the ‘power corridor’ of India. This project is known as the Central Vista redevelopment project. The plan included the construction of a new parliament. Architecture:- The circular, colonnaded Parliament building has for long been a symbol of India’s democracy. The parliament building’s construction took six years – from 1921 to 1927. It is popularly believed that the circular shape of the Chausath Yogini temple at Mitawli village in Madhya Pradesh’s Morena provided inspiration for the Council House design. However, there is no historical evidence to back this up. A few Indian elements added include:- Jaalis: a latticed carving depicting objects like flowers and other patterns. chhatris: a domed roof atop a pavilion-like structure. It features Indian architectural motifs, such as the use of columns and domes. The building is renowned for its architectural blend of Western and Indian styles. The goal of the architecture was to project the strength of British imperialism and rule over India. Hence, both the architects agreed to highlight the superiority of European classicism, upon which Indian traditions had to be based. The circular building has 144 cream sandstone pillars. The building is surrounded by large gardens. (Mughal Gardens) MUST READ: Puri Jagannath Temple SOURCE: THE INDIAN EXPRESS PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to ancient South India, Korkai, Poompuhar, and Muchiri were well-known as (2023) capital cities ports centers of iron-and-steel making shrines of Jain Tirthankaras Q.2)With reference to Chausath Yogini Temple situated near Morena, consider the following statements: (2021) It is a circular temple built during the reign of the Kachchhapaghata Dynasty. It is the only circular temple built in India. It was meant to promote the Vaishnava cult in the region. Its design has given rise to a popular belief that it was the inspiration behind the Indian Parliament building. Which of the statements given above are correct? 1 and 2 2 and 3 only 1 and 4 2, 3 and 4 Kisan Rin Portal Syllabus Prelims –ECONOMY/GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES Context: Recently, the Indian govt launched the Kisan Rin Portal with the weather portal WIND. Background:- Government launches Kisan Rin Portal under the Kisan Credit Card scheme to revolutionize the agriculture sector of India, along with the weather information Network Data Systems (WINDS) portal. The WIND portal:- Launched: July 2023. Objective: to leverage advanced weather data analytics and to give stakeholders actionable insight to make informed weather decisions on agriculture. The portal also provides a comprehensive manual to stakeholders for an in-depth understanding of the portal functionalities, data interpretations, and effective utilization, empowering farmers, policymakers, and various agricultural entities to make well-informed decisions. About Kisan Rin Portal:- Launched: September,2023. Objective: to revolutionize access to credit services under the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme, particularly for farmers. The Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme is a credit scheme introduced in August 1998 by Indian public sector banks. Implementation: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare (MoA&FW), Ministry of Finance, Reserve Bank of India (RBI), and National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD). Salient Features:- The Kisan Rin portal serves as an integrated hub. It offers a comprehensive view of farmer data. It will also show the progress in scheme utilization. It will provide farmers easy access to subsidized loans under the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme. (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi) The Kisan Rin digital platform will offer:- a comprehensive view of farmer data scheme utilization progress loan disbursement specifics (Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF)) interest subvention claims It will facilitate farmers in availing of subsidized agricultural credit through the Modified Interest Subvention Scheme (MISS). Benefits:- By fostering seamless integration with banks, this pioneering portal enables proactive policy interventions, strategic guidance, and adaptive enhancements for more focused and efficient agriculture credit and optimum utilization of interest subvention. It will increase seamless integration with banks for more effective and efficient agriculture credit. MUST READ: Digital Platform Kisan Sarathi SOURCE: BUSINESS LINE PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements: (2023) The Government of India provides Minimum Support Price for niger( Guizotia aoyssinica) seeds. Niger is cultivated as a Kharif crop. Some tribal people in India use niger seed oil for cooking. How many of the above statements are correct? Only one Only two All three None Q.2) Which one of the following countries has been suffering from decades of civil strife and food shortages and was in the news in the recent past for its very severe famine? (2023) Angola Costa Rica Ecuador Somalia Mains: Strengthening of Power Sector in India Syllabus Mains – GS 3 (Economy) Context: The Central Electricity Authority (CEA) recently projects India’s power sector demand to increase 1.8 times between 2021-22 and 2031-32. At this rate, India’s annual per capita electricity consumption will be about 1,700-1,800 units in 2031-32. Power Sector in India: India was ranked 4th in wind power, 5th in solar power and 4th in renewable power installed capacity, as of 2020. Installed Generation Capacity (Fuel wise): Fossil Fuel – 2,37,269MW (56.8%) in which Coal and Lignite has largest share 50.7%, India is the only country among the G20 nations that is on track to achieve the targets under the Paris Agreement. As of October 2022, India’s installed renewable energy capacity (including hydro) stood at 165.94 GW, representing 40.6% of the overall installed power capacity. Solar energy is estimated to contribute 62 GW, followed by 41.84 GW from wind power, 10.70 GW from biomass, 4.92 GW from small hydropower, and 46.85 GW from hydropower. Challenges in India’s Power Sector Transformation: Policy and Regulation of power Sector: Electricity is listed in a ‘concurrent list’ in seven schedules, therefore there is lack of coordination and cooperation between centre and states. Generation of electricity in the power sector: In spite of the renewables push, coal still accounts for about 50% of India’s installed power capacity. Central Electricity Authority (CEA) identified land acquisition, fund constraints with contractors, and contractual disputes as some key issues leading to delays. Subsidies: Government subsidy and cross-subsidy from industrial and commercial consumers attempt to keep electricity affordable for residential and agricultural consumers. For example, in 2019-20, while 21% of the total electricity supply was sold to agricultural consumers, their share in the total revenue was only 2%. Transmission issue in power sector: The country’s weak transmission grid remains a serious hurdle. For example: A planned approach to build huge solar plants in Leh was recently cancelled due to a lack of transmission infrastructure. Climate Finance and decarbonization: India’s pledge at the COP-26 summit to have 500 GW of non-fossil generation capacity by 2030. These will require investments of about Rs 32 lakh crore. Transmission lines overloading: Due to higher loads during peak hours, transmission lines frequently experience issues. Distribution in power sector: Discoms are the weakest link in India’s Power sector. Discoms continue to register financial losses, technical and commercial losses remain high. Although private participation is permitted, their presence among discoms is limited. Underutilization of Renewable Energy Potential: The National Electricity Plan (NEP) projects a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7% in energy demand from FY22 to FY27. The report estimates that the pace of solar installations will need to double to over 30 GW per year to meet the NEP targets. Solutions to tackle these challenges: Fuel Reforms: Various aspects like ramping up coal production by both public and private sector in a time-bound manner, increased participation of private sector in coal production and easing of regulatory framework etc need to be addressed while formulating such reforms. Taxation: Power-generating companies should not be saddled with the burden of cross-subsidising the renewable sector. This can be borne by the society (through taxation) and not by the entities that are already in trouble. Cooperative federalism: To resolve water disputes, government must help states to come to a common ground. Emphasis should be on cooperative federalism with shared benefit to all the states. Balanced Regulatory Interventions: Regulators need to be sensitised to the challenges faced by the sector and policy framework needs to be crafted and enforced to ensure a win-win situation for all the stakeholders. They must pro-actively intervene to resolve the immediate issues ailing the power sector. Increased Financing Facilities for Energy Sector: A robust and sustainable credit enhancement mechanism for funding in Energy Sector needs to be put in place through increased participation by global funding agencies like The World Bank, ADB etc. in the entire value chain. Merger of ministries: There should be only one energy ministry to make coordination and implementation of policies better. It will remove policy paralysis too. Reduction of transmission losses: This should be achieved by better infrastructure and technological efforts. Old plants should be shut and should be replaced with new. Government Initiatives to Reform the Power Sector: The Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana (SAUBHAGYA): It aims to achieve universal household electrification by providing electricity connections to all un-electrified households. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY): The DDUGJY launched in 2014 a program to achieve 100% village electrification. The Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All (UJALA) scheme: To provide energy efficient LED bulbs to domestic consumers at an affordable price. Restructured Distribution Sector Scheme (RDSS): To enhance the efficiency of power distribution. UDAY Scheme: Launched in 2015 for Operational and Financial Turnaround of Power Distribution Companies. Way Forward: Therefore India’s growing economy demands an exponential increase in electricity supply, which requires a comprehensive reforms in policy, regulation, and the entire power sector are essential. By embracing decentralization, upgrading technology, and privatizing distribution companies, India can pave the way for a more efficient and sustainable power sector, ensuring a brighter future for its citizens. Source:  BS MUST READ:  State if DISCOM’s in India Exploring Bima Sugam: A Revolution in Indian Insurance Syllabus Mains – GS 2 (Governance) Context: The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) claims that the proposed Bima Sugam is a “game changer” and a “UPI moment” for the insurance segment. About Bima Sugam Platform: Bima Sugam will enable individuals to buy life, health, motor or property insurance policies online. The platform will enable easy access under a single roof for insurance companies, agents, brokers, banks and even aggregators. The platform will act as a centralised database which will assist consumers with all insurance related queries. The overall budget for Bima Sugam has been hiked to Rs 200 crore from around Rs 85 crore. Ownership: Life insurance and general insurance companies will own a 47.5 percent stake each, while brokers and agent bodies will own 2.5 percent each. Significance of the Bima Sugam Platform: Cost Effective: Commissions on policies are expected to come down, benefiting the customers. The cost of buying policies will come down. Single Platform with various Options: Bima Sugam will enable them to identify a suitable scheme for the customers in a single platform. They have to spend time talking to agents and visiting the websites of different insurers to select a suitable scheme. Access of Data on real-time basis: It will facilitate insurance companies to access the validated and authentic data from various touch points on a real-time basis. Reduce Paperwork: The platform will interface for the intermediaries and agents to sell policies and provide services to policyholders, among others, and reduce paperwork. Single window for the Policyholders: The proposed Bima Sugam platform would act as a single window for the policyholder to manage his/her insurance coverage. End-to-end Solutions Provider: Bima Sugam will provide end-to-end solutions for customers’ insurance needs i.e., purchase, service, and settlement in a seamless manner. Faster Claims and Renewals: Settlement of claims and renewal of policies will also become faster as paperwork is reduced drastically, making it easier for the customers. An Electronic Marketplace Protocol: As per IRDAI, Bima Sugam would universalise and democratize insurance, which would enable and empower all insurance stakeholders across the insurance value chain. Challenges with the Insurance Sector in India: Fraud: Fraud is a major challenge in the insurance sector in India. Insurance fraud includes false claims, misrepresentations, and other illegal activities. Fraud can often be facilitated by weaknesses in an organization’s systems and controls, which can create opportunities for those intent on committing fraud. More than 70% of Indian insurers indicated a marginal to a significant increase in frauds in the past two years. Low Penetration: The insurance penetration rate in India is low as compared to other countries. This is due to low awareness and a lack of trust among people towards insurance. According to the IRDAI, the penetration of the Indian insurance industry is less than 5% of the GDP. In terms of penetration, India is far behind the global average of 7% of the GDP. Lack of Product Innovation: The insurance sector in India has been slow in product innovation. Many insurance companies offer similar products, which leads to a lack of differentiation in the market. Slow Rate of Digitalization by Incumbents: The insurance sector in India has been slow to adopt digitalization compared to other industries, which has resulted in several challenges such as inefficient processes, lack of transparency, and poor customer experience. Claims Management: The claims process in India is often seen as complicated, slow, and opaque, which can lead to customer dissatisfaction and loss of trust in the insurance industry. This can be due to a lack of transparency, inefficient processes, and poor communication with customers. Lack of Automation: Many insurance companies in India still rely on manual processes for tasks such as underwriting, policy servicing, and claims management, which can be time-consuming and error prone. This can result in delays, higher costs, and dissatisfied customers. Way Forward: The implementation of Bima Sugam may pose significant technological challenges, but it holds the potential to enhance insurance penetration in India. As the insurance sector embraces innovation and technology, Bima Sugam could pave the way for a more inclusive and secure future for policyholders in the country. Source:  Indian Express Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1) Consider the following pairs: Temple Location 1.Sammed Shikharji Jain Temple Jharkhand 2.Modhera Sun temple Gujarat 3.Srisailam Temple Kerala How many of the above pairs are correctly matched? Only one Only two All three None Q2) Consider the following statements Statement-I: Investing in disaster reduction for resilience is one of the four priorities for action of the Sendai Framework. Statement-II: It is the predecessor of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA). Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I Statement-I is correct but Statement II is incorrect Statement-I is incorrect but Statement II is correct Q3) With reference to the Comptroller Auditor General of India (CAG), consider the following statements: His pension comes from the Consolidated Fund of India and is subject to vote. He is the head of the Indian Audit and Accounts Department. He has a tenure of 5 years or 60 years of age, whichever is earlier. How many of the statements given above are correct? 2 only 1, 2 and 3 only and 3 only only Mains Practice Questions Q.1) Describe the benefits of deriving electric energy from sunlight in contrast to conventional energy generation. What are the initiatives offered by our government for this purpose? (2020) Q.2) What are the major challenges of insurance sector in India, and suggest innovative steps to address them? (250 words) Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  21st September 2023 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs.st ANSWERS FOR 20th September – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – d Q.2) – b Q.3) – a

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2023 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 22nd September 2023

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :)After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken, and solutions.To take the Test Click Here

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 20th September 2023

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) Segur elephant corridor Syllabus Prelims –ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY Context: A Supreme Court-appointed committee recently declared 12 private resorts, along the Segur elephant corridor, illegal. Background:- The committee’s ruling highlighted that the resorts had constructed unlawful structures that impeded the natural movement of elephants. Despite assertions from resort owners who disputed the corridor’s designation as an elephant habitat, the committee ultimately sided with preserving the corridor’s integrity. While this decision secures the protection of the corridor, it carries economic implications for the local communities that depend on employment opportunities provided by these resorts. About Segur elephant corridor:- IMAGE SOURCE: downtoearth.org.in The Segur elephant corridor serves as a crucial passageway for the movement of elephants and various other wildlife species between different habitats within the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. ( Endangered Asian elephant in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve) The corridor is situated in the ecologically fragile Sigur plateau. Sigur plateau connects the Western and the Eastern Ghats. It facilitates easy movement of about 6,300 Asiatic elephants from Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka. It sustains elephant populations and their genetic diversity. (Elephant Conservation) The elephants cross the plateau in search of food and water. It has the Nilgiri Hills on its southwestern side. Moyar River Valley is on its northeastern side. The plateau is a low-rainfall marginal land. It has poor soils and in recent times, also had a low population density. There are five major streams in the Sigur plateau: Moyar River, Sigur River, Avarahalla River, Kedarhalla River, and Gundattihalla River. All these rivers originate in the Nilgiris plateau. MUST READ: Project Re-Hab SOURCE: THE HINDU PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Which one of the following makes a tool with a stick to scrape insects from a hole in a tree or a log of wood? (2023) Fishing cat Orangutan Otter Sloth bear Q.2) With reference to Indian laws about wildlife protection, consider the following statements: (2022) Wild animals are the sole property of the government. When a wild animal is declared protected, such animal is entitled to equal protection whether it is found in protected areas or outside. Apprehension of a protected wild animal becoming a danger to human life is sufficient ground for its capture or killing. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 2 only 1 and 3 3 only UN Convention on the International Effects of Judicial Sales of Ships Syllabus Prelims – INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Context: Recently, 15 countries joined the UN Convention on the International Effects of Judicial Sales of Ships. Background:- The convention was opened for signatures at a ceremony in Beijing on September 5, 2023, according to the United Nations. 15 countries, including China, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, and Switzerland, signed the UN Convention. About the UN Convention on the International Effects of Judicial Sales of Ships:- Date of adoption: 7 December 2022. Objective: to promote legal certainty and predictability at the international level by creating a uniform regime for the international effects of ‘judicial’ sales of ships. Background:- It was developed by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). It was to address the problem of bona fide new owners and those financing the purchase of vessels who, for instance, find themselves dealing with previous creditors laying claim to the ship as security for a loan. The convention is also known as the Beijing Convention on the Judicial Sale of Ships. It establishes a harmonized regime for giving international effect to judicial sales while preserving domestic law governing the procedure of judicial sales and the circumstances in which judicial sales confer clean title. By ensuring legal certainty as to the title that the purchaser acquires in the ship as it navigates internationally, the Convention is designed to maximize the price that the ship is able to attract in the market and the proceeds available for distribution among creditors and to promote international trade. Key Provisions:- Basic rule of the Convention:- A judicial sale conducted in one State Party which has the effect of conferring clean title on the purchaser has the same effect in every other State Party (article 6). The basic rule is subject only to a public policy exception (article 10). Additional rules of the Convention:- The first is a requirement that the ship registry deregister the ship or transfer registration at the request of the purchaser (article 7). (UN biodiversity Summit) The second is a prohibition on arresting the ship for a claim arising from a pre-existing right or interest (i.e. a right or interest extinguished by the sale) (article 8). The third is the conferral of exclusive jurisdiction on the courts of the State of judicial sale to hear a challenge to the judicial sale (article 9). The Convention provides for the issuance of two instruments: a notice of judicial sale (article 4) and a certificate of judicial sale (article 5). It also establishes an online repository of those instruments which is freely accessible to any interested person or entity (article 11). The Convention regime is “closed”, in the sense that it applies only among States Parties (article 3), but “not-exclusive”, in the sense that it does not displace other bases for giving effect to judicial sales, for instance under more favourable domestic law regimes (article 14). MUST READ: UN High Seas Treaty SOURCE: BUSINESS LINE PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to the United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea, consider the following statements: (2022) A coastal state has the right to establish the breadth of its territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles, measured from a baseline determined in accordance with the convention. Ships of all states, whether coastal or land-locked, enjoy the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea. The Exclusive Economic Zone shall not extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. Which of the statements given above are correct? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.2) Consider the following statements: (2019) The United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) has a ‘Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air’. The UNCAC is the ever-first legally binding global anti-corruption instrument. A highlight of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) is the inclusion of a specific chapter aimed at returning assets to their rightful owners from whom they had been taken illicitly. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) is mandated by its member states to assist in the implementation of both UNCAC and UNTOC. Which of the statements given above is correct? 1 and 3 only 2, 3 and 4 only 2 and 4 only 1, 2, 3 and 4 e-NAM 2.0 Syllabus Prelims – Governance Context: A National Workshop on e-NAM 2.0 and Agri Marketing Reforms was conducted recently. Background:- 28 new mandis were approved recently for integration to take the total count of APMCs to 1389 on e-NAM. About e-NAM 2.0:- Launched: 2016 Implementing agency: Small Farmers Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC). Ministry: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare. Objective: integrating the existing Mandis into a “One Nation One Market” for agricultural commodities in India. Salient Features:- e-NAM 2.0 will be an advanced version of existing e-NAM. The eNAM platform is an online trading platform for agricultural commodities in India. It is a pan-India electronic trade portal linking agricultural produce market committees (APMCs) across all states. It facilitates farmers, traders, and buyers with online trading in commodities. It provides for contactless remote bidding. It provides for mobile-based anytime payment for which traders do not need to either visit mandis or banks for the same. Benefits:- e-NAM has been able to bring competence in APMC mandi operations via technology interventions like:- accuracy in weighing via digital weighbridge and weighing scale. accuracy in assaying via advanced assaying equipment. real-time online information on commodity prices. access to more buyers/sellers and transparency in trade. transparency in payment via multiple online payment modes. better efficiency in overall mandi operations via digitalization. Challenges:- Lack of internet connectivity. Farmers feel more comfortable with physical trading rather than going online as they face issues with transportation for their produce. A very small percentage of the total mandis are connected through the e-NAM platform. MUST READ: Integration of E-MANDIS into E-NAM Platform SOURCE: PIB PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to foreign-owned e-commerce firms operating in India, which of the following statements is/are correct? (2022) They can sell their own goods in addition to offering their platforms as marketplaces. The degree to which they can own big sellers on their platforms is limited. Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) Which of the following factors/policies were affecting the price of rice in India in the recent past? (2020) Minimum Support Price Government’s trading Government’s stockpiling Consumer subsidies Anamudi Shola national park Syllabus Prelims – ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY Context: The Pazhathottam area in Anamudi Shola National Park, near Munnar, in Idukki has been transformed into a green heaven teeming with life, by the initiative of the Forest department. An eco-development committee named “Haritha Vasantham”was formed for the project, involving local residents in its implementation. About Anamudi Shola national park:- IMAGE SOURCE: munnarinfo.in Location: in Devikulam, Idukki, Kerala. It is located in the western Ghats. The Munnar Wildlife division includes Eravikulam National Park, Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, and the Shola National Parks. It was declared National Park, in the year 2003. It is located in the high ranges of the Southern Western Ghats. (Eravikulam National Park) It has the largest Shola Forest patch in South India. The Park is contiguous with Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Palani Hills, and the forests of Kannan Devan Hills. It also forms the catchment area of Mattupetti Dam and Amaravathi Dam. Vegetation: Southern Sub-tropical Hill Forests and Southern Montane Wet Temperate Forests. Fauna: mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, butterflies, odonates and ants. Flora: plant species belonging to Pteridophytes and Angiosperms. MUST READ: Silent Valley National Park SOURCE: THE HINDU PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Which of the following Protected Areas are located in the Cauvery basin? (2020) Nagarhole National Park Papikonda National Park Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1 and 2 only 3 and 4 only 1, 3 and 4 only 1, 2, 3 and 4 Q.2) With reference to India’s Desert National Park, which of the following statements is correct? (2020) It is spread over two districts. There is no human habitation inside the Park. It is one of the natural habitats of the Great Indian Bustard. Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Operation Sajag Syllabus Prelims –DEFENSE Context: A Coastal security drill ‘Operation Sajag’ was conducted recently. Background:- It was conducted by the Indian Coast Guard along the West Coast. It was conducted by the Indian Coast Guard along the west coast on September 18, 2023. About Operation Sajag:- The day-long drill is conducted every month and the outcomes are further progressed for improvement in the coastal security construct. Objective: The drill facilitates revalidation of the coastal security mechanism and brings awareness among the fishermen at sea. During the drill, extensive checking and verification of documents and crew passes of all fishing boats, barges, and craft at sea was undertaken. A total of 118 ships including those from Customs, Marine Police, Ports & and Indian Navy participated in the drill. In order to strengthen the coastal security construct, a slew of measures have been incorporated ranging from:- Issuance of Biometric cards for the fishermen. Colour coding of fishing boats as per each state. Manning of fish landing centres and Access control at entry/exit checkpoints. Coastal mapping, designating specific marine band frequency for security agencies. Training of marine police personnel by the Indian Coast Guard amongst others. Besides monitoring of dhows, island security, and community interaction programmes have been institutionalized under the coastal security construct. Significance:- The drill involves a thorough review of various coastal security (Defence Acquisition Council) It highlights important lessons and emerging trends in coastal security. The drill enables to verification implementation of various coastal security measures besides bringing out important lessons and highlighting trends in coastal security. MUST READ: International Maritime Organization (IMO) & India SOURCE: PIB PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Which one of the following countries has its own Satellite Navigation System? (2023) Australia Canada Israel Japan Q.2) With reference to the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), consider the following statements : (2018) IRNSS has three satellites in geostationary and four satellites in geosynchronous orbits. IRNSS covers the entire India and about 5500 sq. km beyond its borders. India will have its own satellite navigation system with full global coverage by the middle of 2019. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only None Sangeet Natak Akademi Amrit Awards Syllabus Prelims –ART AND CULTURE Context: The Sangeet Natak Akademi recently, announced the Sangeet Natak Akademi Amrit Awards. Background:- It was announced on September 15, 2023. The award commemorates 75 years of India’s independence to 84 artists, who are above the age of 75 years and haven’t been accorded any national honour in their career so far. About Sangeet Natak Akademi Amrit Awards:- Sangeet Natak Akademi Amrit Awards is a national honor . It honors and commends excellence in the performing arts, spanning music, dance, theatre, and related domains. The accolades are bestowed upon artists, educators, and scholars who have made remarkable contributions to these fields, particularly those aged 75 and above. Nominations:- Nominees are proposed by the Government of India, State Governments, and Union Territories. Selection:- The recipients have been selected by the Akademi’s General Council. It consists of distinguished musicians, dancers, theatre artists, and scholars in these disciplines as well as nominees of the Centre, States, and Union Territories. Decoration:- a purse money of ₹1,00,000 and a citation. a Tamrapatra (copper plaque), and an Angavastram (traditional stole). Awardees:- Raghubir Malik and Dina Nath Mishra for Hindustani vocal. (Shashi Tharoor wins Akademi’s 2019 award for English) Gowri Kuppuswamy and Anasuya Kulkarni for Carnatic vocal. Lalitha Srinivasan and Vilasini Devi Krishnapillai for Bharatnatyam and Smita Shastri and Kumkum Lal for Kuchipudi and Odishi, respectively. The awardees also include those from the folk genre like Mahabir Nayak from Jharkhand for music, Harishchandra Prabhakar Borkar from Maharashtra for theatre, and Dharmeswar Nath of Asssam for dance. MUST READ: National Lalit Kala Akademi awards SOURCE: THE HINDU PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements in respect of the Bharat Ratna and Padma Awards. (2021) Bharat Ratna and Padma Awards are titled under Article 18(1) of the Constitution of India. Padma Awards, which were instituted in the year 1954, were suspended only once. The number of Bharat Ratna Awards is restricted to a maximum of five in a particular year. Which of the above statements is not correct? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.2) With reference to Manipuri Sankirtana, consider the following statements: (2017) It is a song and dance performance Cymbals are the only musical instruments used in the performance It is performed to narrate the life and deeds of Lord Krishna Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1, 2 and 3 1 and 3 only 2 and 3 only 1 only Conference of National Human Rights Institutions of the Asia Pacific region Syllabus Prelims –POLITY/INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Context: President Droupadi Murmu recently, inaugurated the conference of National Human Rights Institutions of the Asia Pacific region in New Delhi, India. About the conference of National Human Rights Institutions of the Asia Pacific region:- Hosted by: National Human Rights Commission (NHRC), India Date: 20 – 21, September, 2023. Venue: Vigyan Bhavan, New Delhi. The two-day conference will celebrate the 75th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and 30 years of National Human Rights Institutions and the Paris Principles. A sub-theme on the environment and climate change was also held. Additionally, the National Human Rights Commission will organize a seminar on Business and Human Rights. The event aims to ensure that businesses prioritize human rights and environmental sustainability in their operations. It is a Biennial Conference of National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) of Asia Pacific. Earlier, in 2002 and 2014, such an AGM of Asia Pacific Forum and conference was held in India. About Asia Pacific Forum:- Founded:1996. The APF was founded to promote the establishment of independent NHRIs in the Asia Pacific region and to support them in their work to promote and protect human rights as effectively as possible. Objective: to promote the establishment of independent NHRIs in the Asia Pacific region and to support our members to do their work as effectively as possible. Membership:- From five founding members, the APF membership has expanded to 26 NHRIs. NHRC, India is one of the founding members of the Asia Pacific Forum of the NHRIs. As a coalition of national human rights institutions, it works together and shares expertise to help make its vision a reality. It works closely with governments, civil society organizations, regional human rights bodies, and the international community. It aims to build strong partnerships and strengthen the impact of our members as they work to build fair, inclusive, and resilient communities. Its network now supports over 4,000 dedicated human rights defenders who work tirelessly on the ground to protect the rights of those most vulnerable. Significance: It has created a strong and united platform that brings together National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) from all corners of the Asia Pacific to address some of the most serious human rights challenges in our region. MUST READ: Giving Human Rights Commissions more teeth SOURCE: AIR PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Under the Indian constitution concentration of wealth violates :(2021) The Right to Equality The Directive Principles of State Policy The Right to Freedom The Concept of Welfare Q.2) With reference to India, consider the following statements: (2021) Judicial custody means an accused is in the custody of the concerned magistrate and such an accused is locked up in a police station, not in jail. During judicial custody, the police officer in charge of the case is not allowed to interrogate the suspect without the approval of the court. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Mains: Women’s Reservation Bill 2023 Syllabus Mains – GS 2 (Governance) Context: Recently Women Reservation Bill has been tabled in the Lok Sabha as the One Hundred Twenty-Eight Amendment Bill 2023. Historical Background of Women’s Reservation Bill: 81st Constitutional Amendment Bill by Deve Gowda Govt: The Women Reservation Bill was first introduced in 1996 as 81st Constitutional Amendment Bill. The bill was referred to the select committee of parliament headed by Geeta Mukherjee. However the Bill lapsed with the dissolution of the Lok Sabha as no consensus could be formed over reservation for OBC women. The Bill was reintroduced by the NDA government in the 13th Lok Sabha in 1999 and was subsequently introduced twice in the year 2003. However the bills could not be passed and hence they lapsed. The UPA government in 2004 included reservation bill in its Common Minimum Programme and tabled it in Rajya Sabha to prevent it from lapsing again. Women’s Reservation Bill introduced as 108th Constitutional Amendment Bill 2008 was passed in the Rajya Sabha in 2010 and lapsed in the Lok Sabha. RJD, the JD(U) and the SP were its most vocal opponents. They demanded 33% reservation for backward groups within the 33% quota for women. Key features of the Bill 2023: Reservation for women: The Bill reserves, as nearly as may be, one-third of all seats for women in Lok Sabha, state legislative assemblies, and the Legislative Assembly of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. This will also apply to the seats reserved for SCs and STs in Lok Sabha and states legislatures. Commencement of reservation: The reservation will be effective after the census conducted after the commencement of this Bill has been published. Based on the census, delimitation will be undertaken to reserve seats for women. The reservation will be provided for a period of 15 years. However, it shall continue till such date as determined by a law made by Parliament. Rotation of seats: Seats reserved for women will be rotated after each delimitation, as determined by a law made by Parliament. Arguments in favour of the Bill: Increase in the political representation of women-According to the Inter-Parliamentary Union’s Women in Parliament’ Report (2021), India ranks lower than 140 other nations in terms of the number of women serving in their national legislatures. Rwanda (61 per cent), South Africa (43 per cent) and even Bangladesh (21 per cent), are ahead of India in this matter. Ability of women leadership in bringing change: Studies on panchayats have shown the positive effect of women reservation on empowerment of women and on allocation of resources. Ex-Woman Sarpanch of Dhani Mayan Khan GP in Haryana built a training centre for women and ensured that every village child went to school. Step towards decriminalisation of politics– Reserved seats for women would help in decriminalisation of Indian Politics. In the present Lok Sabha 159 MPs have declared serious criminal cases against them including those of rape, murder, attempt to murder, kidnapping, crimes against women. It will help in addressing crime against women in the society. Improvement of Economic Performance and Infrastructure: According to UN University, Women legislators improve the economic performance of their constituencies 1.8 per cent more than male legislatures. Evaluation of Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana shows the share of incomplete road projects is 22 percentage points lower in female led constituencies. Increasing vote share but low representation: Though women’s vote share has increased, the number of women in positions of politics has not increased commensurately. Women in India vote at par with men but their representation is very low as compared to men. The bill will increase representation as well in the politics. Breaking the patriarchal Mold of Indian Politics- Indian Politics has been patriarchal with top party positions and positions of power have been occupied by male. It will dismantle this patriarchal nature of Indian politics. Changing Stereotypes: Increase in women politicians will help in changing the stereotyped image of women as only ‘homemakers’ and there will be gradual acceptance of women as lawmakers. Challenges that have hindered the passage of the Bill: No separate OBC reservation: The Bill provides separate reservation to Scheduled castes and Scheduled Tribes women within the existing quota of one third reservation of seats. However OBC women which constitute 60% of women population have not been provided separate reservation within the quota. No reservation in the Rajya Sabha and legislative Councils: The Bill does not provide reservation to women in the Rajya Sabha and the legislative Councils. Conflict of Interests: Some political leaders worry that implementing the bill’s reservation quota for women may result in competition for seats between women candidates and those belonging to marginalized communities. This conflict of interests can create resistance to the bill, as political parties seek. Patriarchal norms: Deep-rooted patriarchal norms and gender biases in Indian society continue to be significant obstacles to women’s participation in politics. These norms can manifest in various ways, including the belief that women are less capable of leadership or that politics is a male-dominated domain. Family and societal pressures: Women often face family and societal pressures that discourage them from pursuing a career in politics. Concerns about safety, traditional gender roles, and societal expectations can dissuade women from taking an active role in politics. Violence and harassment: The political arena in India is not immune to gender-based violence and harassment. Women politicians and candidates have reported instances of threats, harassment, and violence, which can act as deterrents to their participation. Way Forward: Therefore the Women’s Reservation Bill 2023 is not merely a legislative proposal but it us a crucial step towards gender equality in India’s political landscape. It addresses deeply entrenched structural norms and prejudices that have hindered women’s participation in politics for generations. The Bill can serve as a catalyst for change, fostering an inclusive and gender-sensitive approach within the political arena. Source: The Hindu India is at a pivotal moment in its health-care journey Syllabus Mains – GS 2 (Governance) and GS 4 (Ethics) Context: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming health care worldwide, and India has the potential to be at the forefront of this revolution. About Artificial Intelligence (AI): Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a simulation of human intelligence into a computer machine so that it can think and act like a human. AI systems are designed to simulate or replicate human cognitive abilities, such as perception, reasoning, learning, and problem-solving. AI rely on algorithms and computational models to process and analyze large amounts of data, extracting patterns and making predictions or decisions based on that information. India’s journey and its achievements in Healthcare: Proton beam therapy technology: A significant milestone in this journey is the introduction of proton beam therapy technology, making India a regional leader in cancer treatment. Patients from across the globe are drawn to India for its world-class medical expertise, state-of-the-art infrastructure, and cost-effective care. Orthopaedic procedures: Orthopaedic procedures, including joint replacements and spinal surgeries, are conducted by highly skilled surgeons using minimally invasive techniques. This attracts patients seeking top-notch orthopaedic care at competitive prices. Robotic surgeries: Robotic surgery has also gained popularity, with India’s hospitals adopting robotic-assisted techniques for precision and faster recovery. The country’s expertise in this area draws international patients seeking minimally invasive, high-precision surgical interventions. Medical value travel (MVT): MVT is gaining strategic importance given its ability to create employment as well as earn foreign exchange. While India is already one of the leading destinations for patients seeking care abroad, there is adequate headroom for growth. Significance of AI healthcare in India: According to the Indian AI Healthcare Market 2019-2025 report, AI in the Indian healthcare industry is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 50.9% during the forecast period. AI in healthcare have the potential to add $25-$35 billion to India’s GDP by 2025. Some of the AI healthcare start-ups in India that are reshaping the industry are: HealthifyMe: Harnesses AI to provide personalised diet and fitness information and coaching. Dozee: Contactless health monitors that enable early detection of any health deterioration. Niramai: Early-stage detection of breast cancer. Tricog: Offer virtual cardiology services to distant clinics. Applications of AI in Healthcare: Personalized Treatment Plans: By considering a patient’s medical history, genetic information, and current condition, AI systems can recommend the most effective treatment options and dosages. Disease diagnosis: Machine learning algorithms can analyze patient data, including symptoms, medical records, and genetic information, to identify patterns and predict diseases. Medical Imaging: AI can assist in the interpretation of medical images such as X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, and mammograms to detect abnormalities, tumours, or other signs of diseases with high accuracy. AI Powered Virtual Assistants and Chatbots: They can provide patients with 24/7 access to medical information, answer questions about symptoms, medications, and provide healthcare guidance. Remote Patient Monitoring: AI-enabled devices can collect and analyze real-time patient data, such as vital signs, activity levels, and sleep patterns, allowing healthcare providers to remotely monitor patients. Robotics and Surgery: AI-powered robots can assist surgeons during complex procedures by providing real-time feedback, precision, and enhanced visualization. Drug Discovery and Development: AI can accelerate the process of drug discovery by analyzing vast amounts of biological and chemical data. Challenges associated with the India’s healthcare system: No focus on Preventive Care: In India, there is a very low emphasis on preventive care, which can be proved very effective in solving a lot of problems for the patient in terms of misery or financial losses. Less emphasis on Medical Research: In India, there is no much impetus is being given to R&D and cutting-edge technology-led new initiatives. Such technologies could be useful in an unprecedented situation like Covid-19. Issue of Policymaking: For providing effective and efficient healthcare services policymaking is certainly an important aspect. In India, the problem is fundamental of supply than demand, where policymaking can be effective. Shortage of Medical Workforce: In India, there is a shortage of doctors, nurses, and other staff in the health sector. As per a report laid down by a minister in Parliament, there is a shortage of 600,000 doctors in India. Inadequate outlay for health: As per National Health Policy 2002, India contributes only 0.9 percent of its GDP to the Health care sector. India’s non-communicable diseases (NCD) burden: India is now the world’s diabetes capital; also, millions have hypertension, and its youth are succumbing to heart attacks, cancer, respiratory issues, depression and more. If left unchecked, India’s non-communicable diseases (NCD) burden will be nearly $4 trillion by 2030. India’s Struggle with Health indicators: India still faces issues like, poor Health, lack of adequate number of doctors, lack of expenditure on health, poor sanitation, lack of safe drinking water, increased drug resistance of many diseases, lack of infrastructure in remote locations, etc. ICMR Guidelines for AI Use in the Health Sector: A way forward Accountability and Liability Principle: It underlines the importance of regular internal and external audits to ensure optimum functioning of AI systems which must be made available to the public. Autonomy Principle: It ensures human oversight of the functioning and performance of the AI system. Before initiating any process, it is also critical to attain consent of the patient who must also be informed of the physical, psychological and social risks involved. Data Privacy Principle: It mandates AI-based technology should ensure privacy and personal data protection at all stages of development and deployment. Collaboration Principle:This principle encourages interdisciplinary, international collaboration and assistance involving different stakeholders. Safety and Risk Minimization Principle: This principle aimed at preventing “unintended or deliberate misuse”, anonymized data delinked from global technology to avoid cyber-attacks, and a favourable benefit-risk assessment by an ethical committee among a host of other areas. Accessibility, Equity and Inclusiveness Principle: This acknowledge that the deployment of AI technology assumes widespread availability of appropriate infrastructure and thus aims to bridge the digital divide. Source:  The Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1) Consider the following pairs: National Park Location 1.Eravikulam National Park Tamil Nadu 2.Similipal National Park Madhya Pradesh 3.Silent Valley National Park Karnataka How many of the above pairs are correctly matched? Only one Only two All three None Q2) Consider the following statements Statement-I: UN Convention on the International Effects of Judicial Sales of Ships was adopted in 2022. Statement-II: The convention is also known as the Beijing Convention on the Judicial Sale of Ships. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I Statement-I is correct but Statement II is incorrect Statement-I is incorrect but Statement II is correct Q3) With reference to the Segur elephant corridor, consider the following statements: It connects the Western and the Eastern Ghats. It has the Nilgiri Hills on its northeastern side. Moyar River Valley is on its southwestern side. How many of the statements given above are correct? 1 only 1, 2 and 3 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only Mains Practice Questions Q.1) How does Al help clinical diagnosis? Do you perceive any threat to privacy of the individual in the use of Al in healthcare? (250 words) Q.2) What are the key reasons behind India’s low global ranking in terms of women’s political participation? Explain how the Women’s Reservation Bill could address these challenges and empower women in Indian politics. (250 words) Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  20th September 2023 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs.st ANSWERS FOR 19th September – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – d Q.3) – d

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2023 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 20th September 2023

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :)After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken, and solutions.To take the Test Click Here