Posts

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 11th March, 2017

IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 11th March 2017 Archives WOMEN AND HEALTH   TOPIC: General Studies 1 Role of women and women’s organization, population and associated issues, poverty and developmental issues Effects of globalization on Indian society, Social empowerment General Studies 2 Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health Development processes and the development industry the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders Maternity Benefit Act Introduction Every developing country has to essentially invest in health and especially mother and child care. IMR and MMR being major indicators is evidence to the same. An amendment to Maternity benefit act is a step in positive direction but has concerns associated. Issue: The enhancement of paid maternity leave for women in the organised sector to 26 weeks from 12 is a progressive step, one that should lead to closer scrutiny of the difficulties faced by unorganised workers who fall beyond the scope of any worthwhile labour welfare measures. It is wholly welcome that such a benefit is being introduced with an amendment to the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961, in line with several expert recommendations including that of the World Health Organisation, which recommends exclusive breastfeeding of children for the first 24 weeks. Giving some benefits to adoptive mothers and women who get children using embryo transfers as well signals India is in step with social changes. Issue of Women in unorganised sector: Positive though it is, the amended law is expected to cover only 1.8 million women, a small subset of women in the workforce. For many poor millions in the unorganised sector, the only support available is a small conditional cash benefit of ₹6,000 during pregnancy and lactation offered under the Maternity Benefit Programme. The reported move to restrict even this meagre benefit to the first child for budgetary reasons is retrograde and must be given up. Providing benefits for women and children is a societal responsibility which can be funded in a large country through a combination of general taxation and contributory payments from those who have the means. Need for broad approach: Health care should be treated as a right and deliveries handled without cost to women; the income guarantees during the 26-week period can be ensured through a universal social insurance system. Such a policy would harmonise the varying maternity benefit provisions found in different laws that govern labour at present. There would also be no discrimination against women in recruitment by employers who currently have to factor in benefit payments. Conversely, women would not suffer loss of income simply because they cannot remain in employment after childbirth. Beneficiaries covered by the latest amendment must be protected from discrimination through clear provisions. Mandating creche facilities to help women workers under the changed law is a forward-looking move, but it will work well only with a good oversight mechanism. Conclusion: Women’s empowerment can be achieved through universal initiatives, not by imposing conditionalities to avail benefits. Access to welfare support has become even more critical as workers migrate frequently due to economic changes. The twin imperatives are, therefore, to create more jobs for women in a diversified economy, and to provide social opportunity through maternal and child welfare measures. Connecting the dots: Investment on mother and child care is investing in the nation’s future. Elaborate the same and discuss the measures initiated by the government.   INTERNATIONAL TOPIC: General Studies 2 India and its neighbourhood- relations. Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India's interests India and China- Burying the hatchet? In news: Foreign Secretary of India visited China last week and discussed about looking for a ‘common ground’ on Afghanistan despite differences on a number of issues, including over the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG), U.N. designation of Masood Azhar as a terrorist, and the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. Back on track? The downturn in bilateral relations in 2016 was marked by China’s decision to block India’s campaign for NSG membership and putting Pakistan’s Masood Azhar (of the Jaish-e-Mohammed) on the terror list of the UNSC. India was surprised by China’s inflexible stand and understood that although China presented its objections in procedural terms, its opposition was political. This made it clear that China’s tilt towards Pakistan was absolute and complete. However, India held its nerve and chose to persist with a two-fold approach. One, it continued with the campaign for the NSG membership and also put Masood on terror list. Two, it took up China’s opposition at every diplomatic encounter — bilateral and multilateral. Thus, despite, India and China came face to face multiple times, India refused to be bogged down. This has resulted in India and China coming together to initiate first round of the newly instituted strategic dialogue, thereby reflecting that India’s patience and firm persistence on the two issues might have been worthwhile. The foreign Secretary’s visit, which saw a restructured ‘Strategic Dialogue’ with Chinese executive Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs, also witnessed an effort by both sides to ‘stabilise India-China relations’ at a time the world is experiencing a new ‘volatility’. This indicates a shift in global calculus due to the recent surprise foreign and trade policy moves by the new U.S. administration under Donald Trump. The foreign secretary said that both India and China have been beneficiaries of a stable and open international system. And thus it underlined the importance of limiting the impact of the current international turbulence on their respective national interests. This led to India and China to work towards a ‘more stable, substantive, forward looking India-China relationship which would inject a greater amount of predictability into the international system.’ Contentions still present However, there is little movement over issues that were most highlighted in 2016- China’s technical hold on Masoor Azhad and NSG membership of India, which will be once again taken up in June 2017. Also, Chinese President is expected to highlight China-Pakistan Economic Corridor that runs through Pakistan occupied Kashmir and Gilgit Baltistan in a global conference on the ‘Belt and Road Initiative (B&RI). China has reached out to each one of India’s land and maritime neighbours and most of whom have signed up for it. However, India has made it clear that it would not take part given the ‘sovereignty issues.’ India has to find ways to make China more sensitive to its concerns about territorial sovereignty. Other contentious issues which remain are an unsettled boundary dispute dating back more than five decades and a burgeoning trade deficit. Afghanistan stability The strategic dialogue was divided into 5 sub-groups Afghanistan Nuclear issues United Nations including the 1267 designation committee Bilateral issues Consular and visa matters, or people-to-people ties Though few issues between India and China are yet to receive a breakthrough, but when it was about dealing with Pakistan and Afghanistan as well as the U.N. and multilateral ties, both countries were ‘open to find solutions’. In Afghanistan, both India and China see potential for investment and share concerns over the rise of radicalism and terrorism, thereby opening many avenues for cooperation. This time, China initiated the special talks by inviting Indian officials who deal with Afghanistan and proposed a ‘joint development project’. This encourages that China is open to have an independent view on Afghanistan despite Pakistan’s reservations about India’s role in Afghanistan. It has been learnt that Chinese government have admired India’s developmental works in Afghanistan, including Salma dam in Herat. Apart from it, it has been reported by Ministry of External Affairs that there was broad agreement on trade and economic ties and the Chinese officials also praised India’s measures to welcome investment and facilitate visas for closer business ties. IASbaba’s views Strategic patience is a virtue in statecraft and not about passive and endless waiting. Instead it should persistently pursue one’s goal and seize the moment when the circumstances turn favourable. After a turmoil in bilateral relations between India and China in 2016, the recent discussions between them on the way forward in Afghanistan are a welcome sign. With the starting of new conversation, China no longer is blocking India’s bid to NSG as non-signatory to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and India has stopped referring to China as the ‘one country’ that is thwarting its attempts to counter terror. Both countries must build on their discussion on the global scenario, which include the need to ‘play down their differences’ in order to manage the global instability created by President Trump’s possible revision of ties with Europe, Russia, and of alliances in the Pacific. Thus, India’s departure from the past is welcome where it earlier used to hide problems in garb of global solidarity. But this time, India has acknowledged current realism on China and emphasised on perseverance by putting self-interest above ideology and seek common ground wherever possible. India and China have agreed to continue with strategic dialogue and they should go ahead with talks even when they fail to find a common ground. This will keep the bilateral relations ‘open and useful’. Connecting the dots: India and China had a strained relations in 2016. Critically analyse the situations which led to differences between two nations and now improving relations. MUST READ Is noise the only way to get noticed? Hindu   A mass coral bleaching again Hindu   Spring is far behind Indian Express   Baby Steps Indian Express   Supporting motherhood Business Line   Addressing the soil health crisis Business Line   Is a new US-Pak romance underway? Business Line  

RSTV Video

The Big Picture - Understanding Nagaland Crisis

Understanding Nagaland Crisis Archives TOPIC: General Studies 1 Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India General Studies 2 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. The protests began in Nagaland, which led to arson and violence, when Naga groups came out against ULB elections which were held on February 1. The elections provided for 33% reservation of women in ULBs which according to protesting Naga groups is against their constitutional right under Article 371A. Though the government declared polls null and void, the protestors continued their violence with demand of removal of CM. Background Legislature in force The Nagaland Assembly passed for 33% reservation in 2001 but no government had the courage to implement it. Also, since 2004, the ULBs polls have not been organised. In 2015, Naga Mother’s Association along with other organisations filed a petition in SC for implementation of legislative decision. This is the reason by the incumbent government decided to implement the act. Cultural North East tribal society is traditionally a very strong society as they enjoy supremacy in their own areas and no one can question their actions and laws. Democracy also has its roots in tribal areas with village boards at village levels. These Village Boards are very effective and the Village Chief enjoyed excellent rapport with the society. Now it is the phase of transition from male dominated to open society. Socially, the societies are open where women are concerned as they are allowed to participate everywhere. But there still exists conservatism when it is about coming to public life. They don’t want the women to look powerful by taking administrative and top positions. Thus, women have been not visible in political sphere. Historically, in 1950s, Phizo organised ‘plebiscite’ in Nagaland. Even then the women were not allowed to vote. But in that matter, not only Nagaland or North east, but entire India has a male dominated society and psychology which thinks that women are not legible and eligible to be a part of political and administrative top positions for their lack of required field wisdom. Constitutional Nagaland is a special state under Article 371 A. It gives them special status to safeguard their traditional laws and according to their tradition, women are not allowed at administrative posts. An MoU was signed by home minister of Nagaland and the Naga Civic Society on 30th January to postpone polls for two months. Here the Baptist church intervened and tried to bring both parties at truce. However, the next day the CM of Nagaland – T.R.Zeliang announced that ULB polls will be conducted as scheduled. With these contradictions, the legislators and the agitators came to loggerheads with each other, leading to violence in Kohima and Dimapur. The debate The argument against such reservation quota that it goes against the customary laws of Naga is not true. The traditional laws don’t forbid women to take part in political life. It is more of a question of interpretation. In opinion of Naga Ho Ho, the front group in agitation, they don’t require such reservation as the Naga tribes treat everyone on equal grounds. But if that was the case, the reality is very different as there has been no Naga women legislator till now in State legislative Assembly. In 2001, the state legislature in its wisdom passed a law giving 33% reservation to women in local bodies. After having a law of land, it cannot be taken away because it is contrary to customary laws. The law was prepared by the elected representatives of the people so legal process has to be honoured. At the same time, the reservation issue has become a social and law and order problem which has to be dealt by the state at the earliest. Women barred from contesting in elections is unacceptable in this age because customary rights unless it is designed and developed by law, doesn’t become a legal right. Legally and constitutionally the government did the right job by scheduling the elections but now it is under pressure to whether have such polls in future or not. Also, the government of India has no role to play here as it is a state based issue. It only has to provide adequate forces and preparedness to prevent and tackle any untoward incident. What next? The most convenient option for the state and the naga society is to renegotiate the law. Both sides are claiming constitutional and legal rights to assert their position. There should now be transparency in terms of negotiating the position in election and made sure that it doesn’t escalate to violent position. It is in the context that since January it was known that certain groups are trying to boycott the polls, yet Nagaland government couldn’t handle the negotiation process. The MHA was also caught on backfoot when situation went out of hand. It has to be understood that negotiation is not one stop business. It has to be kept on going till a consensus is reached. However, negotiation is neither an infinite process too. The state governments are negotiating with some underground groups for last 40 years and yet no common grounds have surfaced.  Thus, there has to be a point when the deal has to be sealed. Mizoram is a good example of negotiations and development. It also has its customary laws but they have been changing for good over a period of time. Finally, when it comes to giving the women their rights, there cannot be two standards of equality. There is no sense in calling a society an equal society when the women have freedom compared to other societies to work and educate but not when it comes to leadership. Either there is equality or there is not. Connecting the dots: The altercation between legal rights and customary laws have been surfaced once again in Indian polity. Critically analyse the importance of the two and way forward by citing suitable example. Related article: The fight against traditions- Nagaland women reservation

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

IASbaba Daily Current Affairs Quiz [Day 134]

IASbaba Daily Current Affairs Quiz [Day 134] Click here to get all the Tests– Archives Q.1) ‘Jakarta Concord’ was in news recently. It is concerned with Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) BRICS RCEP None of the above Q.2) Consider the following statements about ‘INS Tillanchang’ It is a Water Jet Fast Attack Craft (WJFAC) It is built by the Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE) Kolkata Select the correct statements Only 1 Only 2 Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.3) Camp Lemonnier is US’s only permanent military base in Africa China’s first overseas military base India's first and only air base outside its territory India’s naval base in Seychelles  Q.4) Kamaladevi Chattopadhya National Awards is concerned with which of the following sectors? Steel Textile Automobiles Fertilizers and seeds  Q.5) Which of the following does not have a GI tag? Rasogolla Hyderbadi Biryani Both (a) and (b) Neither (a) nor (b) Download the Solution- Click here All the best IASbaba

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 10th March, 2017

IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 10th March 2017 Archives INTERNATIONAL   TOPIC: General Studies 2 India and its neighborhood‐ relations Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests. Fishermen issue and right to fish Introduction India and Sri Lanka are traditional neighbors and have a shred history. Though different countries since long ethnic bonds have been deep. Fishing and fishermen issues have been reason for long drawn conflict and will create disputes of wide range. Sri Lanka’s fishermen want to assert their right over their own territorial waters, hindered by Indian trawlers. Issue: Every time an Indian fisherman is injured or killed in Sri Lankan waters, the endless squabbles of the political parties are set aside and a noisy wall of solidarity immediately goes up against Sri Lankan trigger-happiness. On the other hand, when a Bangladeshi cattle smuggler is killed, it hardly gets even a squeak out of mainstream media. But here is what happens at the beginning of every month and something that is not publicized. The Sri Lankan Navy Headquarters sends out a consolidated report on Indian fishing craft in Sri Lankan waters. The report for February this year was sent on March 2. It went to, among others, the Director Naval Operations (Indian) as well as the Director Operations, Indian Coast Guard. It is also usually marked to the High Commission of India in Colombo and the Sri Lankan High Commissioner in India, who no doubt forwards it to the people he deals with. The information is quite extensive. In February, the Sri Lankans noticed approximately 835 fishing trawlers/dhows they said were engaged in bottom trawling/poaching. They were sighted in 29 locations well within Sri Lankan territorial waters, closer to the shores of Mullaitivu, Point Pedro, Talaimannar, Vetthlaikeni, Kakerathivu as well as the Delft Islands. In the annexures, in four columns, there are details such as the time when the trawlers were noticed ingressing. On February 6, off Delft there were 50 trawlers. On some days the Sri Lankans detect hundreds. This has been going on for years. On February 19, 2011, for instance, they detected 700. A copy of this, with the registration of the trawlers, finds its way to the Fisheries Department of Tamil Nadu. They probably maintain the list of registered boats. What happens to this list when it gets there? An educated guess is that it is thrown into the dustbin as Sri Lanka does not get to hear of what we do with the information. Ease of crossing: One could cross the Palk Straits in less than three hours. Though there are no markers, it is easy enough to know when you are in their waters: every mobile phone comes with a GPS. At the beginning of the decade, there were 60,000 fishing vessels for 591 fishing villages strung out along Tamil Nadu’s 1,076 km coastline. It is not clear how many of them have GPS. According to Sri Lankan estimates, a significant portion of this number has been regularly detected in Sri Lankan waters. Some are seized and the fishermen arrested. Different judging parameters: In This year, in these three months, the figures are 14 boats and 85 fishermen arrested. While the fishermen will be eventually released, the boats will be held back. If they release the boats, they are likely to be found fishing again. Since the civil war ended, some of the dynamics have changed. Sri Lankan fishermen want to assert the right over their territorial waters. If New Delhi can erect fences many hundred kilometres long on both the eastern and western borders and institute shooting as a deterrent policy, why apply another yardstick when it comes to a much smaller neighbour? Conclusion: The issue has been long pending and viable solutions have to be drawn which is both scientifically sound and acceptable at the ground level on both sides. Fishing is a livelihood issue and hence needs due consultations rather than only diplomatic solutions. The issue can have international ramifications as India seeks a place in the global high table. Connecting the dots: Fisherman issue between India and Sri Lanka is long standing. Elaborate on the criticality of the issue and the possible solutions to the same. Establish if a third party intervention can help?   NATIONAL TOPIC: General Studies 2 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States Pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity The degradation of Indian universities through politics In past 12 months, several instances in India have been noticed, ignited by right wing students’ political union, where harassment, intimidation or violence have been used to stifle independent voices. There have been constant reports of events being cancelled, invitations being withdrawn and disruptions of meetings. Sometimes, university administrations have taken action against the organizers, after the event, as seen in Jodhpur in January. What has been starkly visible is that the intimidation by this student outfit has increased with increase in its affiliated party coming to power to states and centre. In such episodes, university administrations have been silent spectators or have acted against those targeted by this student union. Respecting the diversity The Universities are a medium of knowledge and learning, of experimenting and innovating, of discussing and debating and of supporting and opposing. Yet today, Indian universities are witnessing threat to their importance due to excess interference of politics in education. This negates the essential concept of universities as autonomous spaces, where freedom of expression, exploration of ideas and advancement of knowledge are an integral part of the learning process. With such diversity everywhere in the country, universities are no different from it. There are bound to be difference in opinion and beliefs and ideologies. But they must be addressed to interaction and discussion, with open minds to allow others to express. There should be respect even amongst opposition as everyone has been given equal right to express. However, of late, more of contempt is observed between groups having different affiliations. The student union associated with right wing has now started to make strict self-boundaries- either students are with them or against them. And worse, it have started terming dissenters as ‘anti—national’. To silence others and dominate the campuses with hooliganism is no way student politics should function. Political intrusion Universities and student politics go a long way back, almost five decades ago. In late 1960s, state governments began to interfere in state universities. For some, it was about dispensing patronage and exercising power in appointments of vice-chancellors (VCs), faculty and non-teaching staff. For others, it was about extending the political influence of ruling parties. During such period, unions of students, teachers and employees became tools in political battles. Campuses were turned into spheres of influence for political parties. Provincial politics also played a role, with an implicit rejection of national elites and an explicit focus on regional identities. Even in those times, political parties and leaders were uncomfortable with independent voices and critical evaluation that could come from universities. Later, the central governments also started interfering in Universities. The turning point was in 1977 which marked the end of the era of majority governments and one-party rule. Several coalitions were short-lived and there were regime changes after almost every general election. These political changes saw national universities emerging as arenas for political contests as well as spheres of influence towards a political ideology. With passage of time, the political interference in universities became more intrusive. Micromanagement by governments became widespread and interventions were purposive and partisan. The downfall The decline of public universities in India has been an inevitable consequence of this process. It began with old universities of Allahabad, Lucknow and Patna new universities like Baroda and Rajasthan. These universities are nowhere compared to what they were in 1980s. The next set of universities to be progressively damaged were oldest national universities of Bombay, Calcutta and Madras—established more than 150 years ago. Their drop in quality has been extremely alarming. However, DU and JNU are still better, not because they are better, but because the others declined so rapidly. If the environment of campuses continue to be same as today, they are soon expected to lose their value too. But here, only political interference cannot be blamed for their downfall. Even the quality leadership at universities as communities has declined rapidly. Partly because, partisan appointment of VCs who in favour of ruling party and partly because most VCs simply do not have the courage and the integrity to stand up to governments. Same goes with professors and students who either become a part of same- party ideology groups or turn a blind eye towards events and focus on academics. Such compromises are self-destructive as acts of omission which destroys the essence of universities as medium of freedom of having thoughts, ideas, beliefs and also expressing them. It gets easily forgotten that it takes years and decades to build institutions but much less time to damage them. The short term actions often have long term consequences and thus it gets difficult to revive them. Understanding the real role of universities What the political class and ruling elite have made of today’s universities is disheartening because of their lack of understanding of the critical role of universities in society and democracy. Universities are not only about campuses or classrooms where students are taught, have to pass exams, obtain degrees, and become employable. Universities are a medium for students to learn from outside the classroom that makes them good citizens of society. Focus on research which will make them more knowledgeable and learned and not only ‘degree-seekers’. The faculty have a role in society, apart from their commitments in teaching, as intellectuals who can provide an independent, credible, voice in evaluating governments, parliament, legislatures, or the judiciary, as guardians of society. It is the faculty from whom the students will be able to identify their further cause in life and decide their path. This role together of teacher and student is an important one in a political democracy to further it. IASbaba’s views- Let universities breathe autonomy The political parties have a double standard when dealing with universities- the same political parties when in government invoke public interest and when in opposition wax eloquent about autonomy and freedom for universities. If the universities are funded by government, it doesn’t give them the right to exercise control. The resources are public money for public universities, which are accountable to students and society through institutional mechanisms that exist or can be created. Institutions like —Indian Institutes of Technology, Indian Institutes of Management or the Indian Institute of Science—thrive where politics is largely kept out. Academic freedom is primary because universities are places for raising doubts and asking questions about everything. Exploring ideas, debating issues and thinking independently are essential in the quest for excellence. It would enable universities to be the conscience-keepers of economy, polity and society. For its governance, there should be a board of governors, to which governments could nominate at the most one-third the total number. Others should be independent members coming from academics, industry, civil society or professions. Hence, the autonomy of this space is sacrosanct. Connecting the dots: How can universities be made more autonomous and immune from too much of political interference? Discuss Student politics is one of the rational way of having strong future leaders. Do you agree? Identify the pros and cons of it with suitable conclusion for the same. MUST READ A weighty problem Hindu Jats in wonderlessland Indian Express   Rage against the intellectual Indian Express   Small Big Thing Indian Express   Cast(e) reservations for higher education in a different mould? Livemint   All’s not quiet on eastern front Business Line   Accelerating India’s future with 5G Business Line  

PIB

IASbaba Press Information Bureau (PIB)- 28th Jan to 3rd Feb, 2017

IASbaba Press Information Bureau (PIB) – 28th Jan to 3rd Feb 2017 ARCHIVES GS-2 ‘India Pharma 2017’ & ‘India Medical Device 2017’: for responsible Healthcare (Topic: Issues related to health) Aim: To Project India as an attractive investment destination and global hub for pharma and medical devices sector Vision: ‘For Responsible Healthcare’ About: The Department of Pharmaceuticals (DoP), Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, along with Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI), is organised ‘India Pharma & India Medical Device 2017’. Themes: Medical Devices- 'Shaping the Future-Making the Right Choices' and Pharma -'Shaping the future of India Pharma'. Advantages The International event would not only provide a platform to tap global potential for the Indian Pharmaceutical and Medical Device sector, but also provide an opportunity to project India as an attractive investment destination for this sector. Brings foreign investment to new areas such as Research & Developments, Clinical Trials by promoting Joint Ventures with the Indian Manufacturers and bringing in best practices in the sector from around the world. It would play the role of a meeting point for International Drug Regulators, International Buyers, Investors and CEOs from the Global Pharma & Medical Devices sector that will provide ample opportunities to the participating stakeholders to network and learn amongst themselves. The Conference will be a Pharma Kumbh and the highlight would be the International Drug Regulators meet. Government is constantly working in setting up National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPERs). Steps to be taken Need for India to have a lion’s share in manufacturing of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) and bulk drug formulations with special emphasis on indigenous manufacturing of Medical devices. Need to increase collaboration with the Industry in the field of Pharma & Medical Devices Innovation. In this direction, the Department of Pharmaceuticals is working on a scheme to establish Pharma parks & clusters in various States that will help bringing down the production costs significantly. Need to encourage the Small & Medium Enterprise (SME) sector to increase exports in the Pharmaceuticals & Medical Device sector. “SWAYAM” Platform will be launched to leverage Information Technology  (Topic: HRD) About—In Budget 2017-18, FM said that Government proposes to leverage information technology and launch SWAYAM Platform with at least 350 online courses. Access to SWAYAM would be widened by linkage with DTH channels, dedicated to education. This will enable students to-- Virtually attend the courses taught by the best faculty Access high quality reading resources Participate in discussion forums Take tests and earn academic grades Action plan to eliminate Kala-Azar and Filariasis by 2017, Leprosy by 2018 and Measles by 2020 (Topic: Issued related to health) Objective: Government has prepared an action plan to eliminate Kala-Azar and Filariasis by 2017, Leprosy by 2018 and Measles by 2020. Elimination of tuberculosis by 2025 is also targeted. Similarly, action plan has been prepared to reduce IMR from 39 in 2014 to 28 by 2019 and MMR from 167 in 2011-13 to 100 by 2018-2020. 1.5 lakh Health Sub Centres will be transformed into Health and Wellness Centres. Kala Azar(Visceral leishmaniasis) Also called as black fever or dumdum fever Disease caused by the protozoan parasites This disease is second largest parasitic killer in the world (after Malaria) The parasite migrates to internal organs such as liver, spleen (hence "visceral") and bone marrow, and, if left untreated, will almost always result in the death of the host. Signs and symptoms include fever, weight loss, fatigue, anemia, and substantial swelling of the liver and spleen. Filariasis This is a parasitic disease caused by an infection with roundworms of the Filarioidea type. These are spread by blood-feeding black flies and mosquitoes. This disease belongs to the group of diseases called helminthiases. Leprosy It is a long-term infection by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae or Mycobacterium lepromatosis. Leprosy is spread between people. This is thought to occur through a cough or contact with fluid from the nose of an infected person. Leprosy occurs more commonly among those living in poverty. Leprosy is curable with a treatment known as multidrug therapy. Measles Measles is a highly contagious infection caused by the measles virus. Measles is an airborne disease which spreads easily through the coughs and sneezes of those infected. It may also be spread through contact with saliva or nasal secretions. First combined Budget of Independent India, that includes Railways, presented (Topic: Infrastructure) About: Total capital and development expenditure of railways pegged at Rs. 1,31,000 crores Railways will focus on four major areas Passenger safety A ‘Rashtriya Rail Sanraksha Kosh’ will be created with a corpus of Rs.1 lakh crores over a period of 5 years, to be funded by seed capital from the Government, Railways’ own revenues and other sources. Government will lay down clear cut guidelines and timeline for implementing various safety works to be funded from this ‘Kosh’. Unmanned level crossings on Broad Gauge lines will be eliminated by 2020. Expert international assistance will be harnessed to improve safety preparedness and maintenance practices. Capital and developmental works Railway lines of 3,500 kms will be commissioned in 2017-18, as against 2,800 kms in 2016-17 and steps will be taken to launch dedicated trains for tourism and pilgrimage. In the next 3 years, the throughput is proposed to be enhanced by 10%. Railways have set-up joint ventures with 9 State Governments and 70 projects have been identified for construction and development. Cleanliness SMS based ‘Clean My Coach Service’ has already been started. It is now proposed to introduce the ‘Coach Mitra’ facility, a single window interface to register all coach related complaints and requirements. By 2019, all coaches of Indian Railways will be fitted with bio toilets. Finance and accounting reforms As part of accounting reforms, accrual based financial statements will be rolled-out by March 2019. The tariffs of Railways would be fixed, taking into consideration costs, quality of service, social obligations and competition from other forms of transport. GS-3 India Post Payments Bank (IPPB) launched (Topic: Finance) Motto: “No customer is too small, no transaction too insignificant, and no deposit too little”. About: Financial Inclusion is critical for the socio-economic development of the country, but there are significant gaps in this area and a large proportion of country’s population remain unbanked or underbanked. IPPB will effectively leverage the ubiquitous post office network with its pan-India physical presence, long experience in cash handling and savings mobilization, backed by the ongoing project of IT-enablement, to bridge this gap in Financial Inclusion. Working The objective of IPPB will be public service rather than promoting commercial interests. (IPPB) would focus on providing basic financial services such as all kinds of payments; including social security payments, utility bill payments, person to person remittances (both domestic and cross-border), current and savings accounts up to a balance of Rs 1 lac, distribution of insurance, mutual funds, pension products and acting as business correspondent to other banks for credit products especially in rural areas and among the underserved segments of the society. IPPB will usher in state of the art internet and mobile banking platforms, digital wallets and use innovative and emerging technologies to catalyse the shift from a cash dominant to a less cash economy. Navy’s Theatre Level Exercise, TROPEX 17 (Topic: Various security forces and agencies and their mandate) Aim: The exercise is aimed at testing combat readiness of the combined fleets of the Indian Navy, and the assets of the Indian Air Force, Indian Army and the Indian Coast Guard. It will also strengthen inter-operability and joint operations in a complex environment. About: Exercise will have ships and aircraft of both the Western and Eastern Naval Commands, as also assets from the Indian Air Force, Indian Army and the Indian Coast Guard exercising together. The exercise is being conducted off the Western Seaboard. The last edition of the exercise was conducted in January 2015. Highlights TROPEX has grown in scale and complexity over the years and will see participation of major surface combatants and air assets of the Indian Navy including the aircraft carrier Vikramaditya, nuclear submarine Chakra, Landing Platform Dock (LPD) Jalashwa, the recently commissioned destroyer Chennai, the P-8I long range maritime reconnaissance and anti-submarine warfare aircraft operating alongside SU-30 MKI, Jaguars, AWACS, IL-78 Flight Refuelling Aircraft of the Indian Air Force and Infantry units of the Indian Army. The exercise will be conducted in various phases, both in harbour and at sea encompassing the various facets of war-fighting and combat operations. TROPEX 17 assumes special significance in the backdrop of the current security scenario. Income Tax Department (ITD) launches Operation Clean Money (Topic: Finance) About— Income Tax Department (ITD) has initiated Operation Clean Money, initial phase of the operation involves e-verification of large cash deposits made during 9th November to 30th December 2016. Data analytics has been used for comparing the demonetisation data with information in ITD databases. In the first batch, around 18 lakh persons have been identified in whose case, cash transactions do not appear to be in line with the tax payer’s profile. Working Data analytics will be used to select cases for verification, based on approved risk criteria. If the case is selected for verification, request for additional information and its response will also be communicated electronically. The information on the online portal will be dynamic getting updated on receipt of new information, response and data analytics. The response of taxpayer will be assessed against available information. In case explanation of source of cash is found justified, the verification will be closed without any need to visit Income Tax Office. The verification will also be closed if the cash deposit is declared under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojna (PMGKY). Help to Farmers by Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) (Topic: Agriculture) About— The Agro-meteorological Advisory Services (AAS) under the Gramin Krishi Mausam Seva (GKMS) is operated to prepare biweekly weather based AAS bulletins for wider dissemination to the farmers at district scale through multimedia channels and also through SMS so as to plan farm operations accordingly. As per the recent National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) report, farming community of the country is using the GKMS service products for critical farm operations viz. Management of sowing (Delayed onset of rains) Changing crop variety (Delay in rainfall) Spraying Pesticides for disease control (occurrence of rainfall) Managing Irrigation (Heavy rainfall Forecast) According to a survey, the weather forecast based AAS of IMD is found to be reliable by more than 93% of surveyed farmers and 95% of the farmers say that forecasts of IMD have improved during last 2-4 years.

PIB

IASbaba Press Information Bureau (PIB)- 21st Jan to 27th Jan, 2017

IASbaba Press Information Bureau (PIB) – 21st Jan to 27th Jan 2017 ARCHIVES GS-2 Population based prevention, screening and control programme for five non-communicable diseases. (Topic: Issues related to health) About— Non-Communicable diseases (NCDs) which are Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) such as heart attacks and stroke, Diabetes, Chronic Respiratory Diseases (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases and Asthma) and Cancer inter alia account for over 60% of all mortality in India. According to the World Economic Forum, India stands to lose $ 4.58 trillion between 2012 and 2030 due to non-communicable diseases. Importance of early identifying Since these conditions do not exhibit symptoms until complications set in, it is essential to detect them early. Early detection of NCDs not only enables onset of treatment but prevents high financial costs and suffering. For some cancers, survival rates are good when they are detected and treated in the early stages. Screening for these conditions, which can be undertaken at the level of the sub centre or Primary health Centres helps early detection and also serves to raise health awareness among people to lead healthy lifestyles. Given that primary health care, including prevention and health promotion can lead to improved health and developmental outcomes at much lower cost. As part of the National Health Mission, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is launching population based prevention, screening and control programme for five common non-communicable diseases, namely— Hypertension Diabetes Oral cavity cancer Breast cancer Cervix cancer Varishtha Pension Bima Yojana - 2017 (Topic: Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections) Objective--- To provide social security during old age and protect elderly persons aged 60 years and above against a future fall in their interest income due to uncertain market conditions. Varishtha Pension Bima Yojana(VPBY)-2017 The scheme will provide an assured pension based on a guaranteed rate of return of 8% per annum for ten years, with an option to opt for pension on a monthly / quarterly / half yearly and annual basis. The differential return, i.e., the difference between the return generated by LIC and the assured return of 8% per annum would be borne by Government of India as subsidy on an annual basis. VPBY-2017 is proposed to be open for subscription for a period of one year from the date of launch. Implemented through LIC IIMs to be declared as Institutions of National Importance  (Topic: HRD) About--- The Union Cabinet has approved the Indian Institute of Management(IIM) Bill, 2017, under which the IIMs would be declared as Institutions of National Importance which will enable them to grant degrees to their students. Salient features of the Bill: IIMs can grant degrees to their students The Bill provides for complete autonomy to the Institutions, combined with adequate accountability. Management of these Institutions would be Board driven, with the Chairperson and Director of an Institution which will be selected by the Board. A greater participation of experts and alumni in the Board is amongst other important features of the Bill. Provision has also been made for inclusion of women and members from Scheduled Castes/Tribes in the Board. The Bill also provides for periodic review of the performance of Institutions by independent agencies, and placing the results of the same on public domain. The Annual Report of the Institutions will be placed in the Parliament and CAG will be auditing their accounts. There is also a provision of Coordination Forum of IIMs as an advisory body. GS-3 Joint International Taskforce on Shared Intelligence and Collaboration (JITSIC) (Topic: Finance) About-- India participated in the Joint International Taskforce on Shared Intelligence and Collaboration (JITSIC) meeting held in Paris. 30 Revenue Authorities shared their findings on investigations arising from the Panama Papers;  including the role of tax intermediaries  such as financial institutions, advisers  etc, who facilitate tax evasion. JITSIC The meeting included sharing of best practices and information between participating member countries based on legal instruments under the tax treaties and OECD and Council of Europe Multilateral Convention. The sharing of this information within a group of this size is unique and sets the basis for greater cooperation amongst tax administrations. Significant achievements have been made including the development of uniform approaches to requesting information between treaty partners, clearer understanding of the evasion typologies adapted by intermediaries, and new techniques for collating intelligence. JITSIC will continue to draw on the best intelligence capabilities from tax authorities around the world and share best practices for data analysis and collaboration on intelligence. Rubber Soil Information System (RubSIS) for Rubber Growers (Topic: Commerce and Industry) About-- Rubber Soil Information System (RubSIS), an online system for recommending application of appropriate mix of fertilizers to the specific plantations of rubber growers depending upon their soil nature. Advantages of RubSIS Provides soil data to the rubber growers and recommends the optimum mix and quantities of chemical fertilizers that his holding requires. It is a cost effective tool for sustainable &scientific; management of rubber growing soils. Apart from preventing indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and soil degradation, adoption of RubSIS will lead to reduction in the cost of production of rubber, increase in productivity and reduction in environmental pollution. Scheme launched in Kottayam (Kerela), the largest rubber growing district of India which will be extended to the entire traditional rubber growing region i.e. the states of Kerela and Tamilnadu this year. Ratification of the Second Commitment Period of Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Topic: Climate change) About—Cabinet has given its approval to ratify the Second Commitment Period of the Kyoto Protocol on containing the emission of Green House Gases (GHGs). The second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol was adopted in 2012. So far, 75 countries have ratified the Second Commitment Period. Significance for India Underlines India's leadership in the comity of nations committed to global cause of environmental protection and climate justice. Ratification of the Kyoto Protocol by India will encourage other developing countries also to undertake this exercise. Implementation of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects under this commitment period in accordance with Sustainable Development priorities will attract some investments in India as well. Background The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) seeks to stabilise Green House Gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would minimize interference with the climate system. Recognizing that developed countries are principally responsible for the current high levels of Greenhouse Gas (GHGs) in the atmosphere, the Kyoto Protocol places commitments on developed nations to undertake mitigation targets and to provide financial resources and transfer of technology to the developing nations. Developing countries like India have no mandatory mitigation obligations or targets under the Kyoto Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in 1997 First commitment period was from 2008-2012. At Doha in 2012, the amendments to Kyoto Protocol for the 2nd commitment period (the Doha Amendment) were successfully adopted for the period 2013- 2020. Developed countries have already started implementing their commitments under the 'opt-in' provisions of the Doha Amendment. India has always emphasized the importance of climate actions by developed country Parties in the pre-2020 period. Besides, it has advocated climate actions based on the principles and provisions of the Convention, such as the principle of Equity and Common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities (CBDR & RC).   CBDT issues Guiding Principles for determination of Place of Effective Management (POEM) of a Company (Topic: Finance) About-- The concept of Place of Effective Management (POEM) for deciding the Residential Status of a company was introduced by the Finance Act, 2015. Highlights The intent is to target shell companies and companies which are created for retaining income outside India although real control and management of affairs is located in India. It is emphasised that these guidelines are not intended to cover foreign companies or to tax their global income, merely on the ground of presence of Permanent Establishment or Business connection in India. POEM guidelines shall not apply to companies having turnover or gross receipts of Rs. Fifty (50) Crore or less in a financial year.

PIB

IASbaba Press Information Bureau (PIB)- 14th Jan to 20th Jan, 2017

IASbaba Press Information Bureau (PIB) – 14th Jan to 20th Jan 2017 ARCHIVES GS-2 ‘Nagaland Health Project’. (Topic: Issues related to health) About— ‘Nagaland Health Project’ was signed with the World Bank Objectives Improve health services and increase their utilization by communities in targeted locations in Nagaland. Communities in targeted locations will benefit from project activities at the community and health facility levels while the population of the state as a whole will benefit from improvements in higher-level facilities as well as system-wide investments. The project will directly benefit about 600,000 people. It will support and complement existing systems and mechanisms involving communities under the National Health Mission. The closing date of Nagaland health Project is 31st March, 2023. Life and Fire Safety in Healthcare Facilities in India (Topic: Health and Family Welfare) Objective--- The main objective is to sensitize the hospital administrators and engineering heads about important issues related to life and fire safety in healthcare buildings. Fire safety steps to be taken in hospital Doctors and engineering staff should be fully aware of their role towards fire and life safety. Doctors and nurses would provide the guidance and support if patients are to be moved and where they have to be moved considering the condition of patients. It has been noticed that corridors, staircases are not properly maintained to provide safe egress, sometimes emergency doors are locked even when patients are in a position to move out. This is fundamental but often ignored, due to security reasons. Hospital administrations should resolve this problem in consultation with security experts. To ensure that access and egress is not compromised and proper fire escape routes and measures are in place especially in operation theatres and ICUs so that patients inside these rooms can be evacuated properly during emergencies. National Alliance on Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation (Topic: Women and child development) Aim--- Developing a comprehensive outreach system  to engage parents, schools, communities, NGO partners and local governments (PRIs and ULBs) as well as police and lawyers to ensure better implementation of the legal framework, policies, national strategies and standards in relation to child protection and child rights. Child abuse Child sexual abuse is a multi-layered problem which negatively impacts children’s safety, health and wellbeing. Research from world-wide indicates that children’s exposure to violence and abuse is associated with long-term physical, psychological, and emotional harm. Child abuse is finding new forms and channels through mobile and digital technologies. Online child abuse and exploitation amplifies existing forms of offline bullying, stalking and harassment. It also facilitates the sexual exploitation of children through the production and dissemination of child sexual abuse materials and by facilitating the sexual exploitation and trafficking of children. Online abuse knows no national boundaries. Even though India has a comprehensive legal framework for protection of child rights in the form of Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act 2015, POCSO Act, 2012 along with RTE Act 2009 and recently amended Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2106, there is limited awareness of online risks for children, both among parents and guardian and children themselves. Objective Bring a common definition of child pornography including amendment of acts (Information technology Act, POCSO Act). Set up a multi-member secretariat based in Ministry of Women and Child Development with a portal inclusive of a hotline for reporting and strengthening existing service delivery systems. Provide a platform for Government/ NGOs and other child rights activists for networking and information sharing. Document and showcases success stories and best practices in terms of prevention of online abuse and exploitation of children. Inform and educate member organisations, parents, teachers, front line service providers and children on the rights of the children and various issues related to online child abuse and exploitation. Provide a forum for advocacy for child rights and policy inputs based on  research and studies MSME Cooperation with Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) Member Countries (Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India's interests) About-- Ministry of MSME finalised MoU on MSME Cooperation with Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) member countries. Focus areas To finalise linkages and alliances amongst MSMEs organizations, associations and various institutions engaged in MSME development in their countries. Exchange best practices, policies and programs for MSME development Exchange greater involvement of MSMEs in the global supply chain, increase their market access. Promote youth and women’s economic empowerment. Encourage synergies with the IORA forum. Background MSME Cooperation amongst Indian Ocean Rim Association member countries will provide an appropriate platform to IORA MSMEs to interact with each other, participate in trade fairs, facilitate buyer-seller meetings and visits of delegations, acquire appropriate technology and explore trade and investment opportunities. The MoU will enhance market access, promote access to finance, promote innovation as a key competitive advantage for MSME, build capacity in management and entrepreneurship. MSMEs constitute more than 90% of all business enterprises in the world and provide nearly 70% of global employment. The overwhelming majority of MSMEs in the developing world are micro-enterprises with fewer than 10 employees. India has more than 48 million MSMEs. These contribute more than 45% of India’s industrial output, 40% of the country’s total exports and create 1.3 million jobs every year. India’s Membership in the International Vaccine Institute (IVI), South Korea (Topic: Issues related to health) About: In 2007 with the approval of Union Cabinet, India joined IVI. Since then India is a long-term collaborator and stake-holder of IVI. In 2012, IVI’s Board of Trustees (BOT) had approved the formation of its new governance structure. As per the new structure of its member state has to contribute to the IVI by paying a portion of its core budget. Since India has been classified in Group-I, it has to pay an annual contribution of US $50,000. Background International Vaccine Institute (IVI), Seoul, South Korea, established in 1997 on the initiatives of the UNDP, is an IVI is an international non-profit organization devoted to developing and introducing new and improved vaccines to protect the people, especially children, against deadly infectious diseases. Its work is exclusively on vaccine development and introduction specifically for people in developing countries, with a focus on neglected diseases affecting these regions. Currently, IVI has 40 countries and the World Health Organization (WHO) as signatories to its Establishment Agreement. GS-3 'SEZ India' App (Topic: Finance) About-- App would help the SEZ Units and Developers to find information easily and track their transactions on SEZ Online System. Now the SEZ Developers & Units can file all their transactions digitally through SEZ Online system and track the status on the go through the SEZ India mobile app. The SEZ online transaction is a dynamic submenu that tracks the Bill of Entry and Shipping Bill processing status, besides doing verification. Salient Features of the App. 1.SEZ INFORMATION: It gives up to date comprehensive details on all the aspects. 2.TRADE INFORMATION: This provision gives access to important information / tools such as Foreign Trade Policy, Hand Book of procedure , Duty Calculator , Customs & Excise Notification and MEIS Rates. 3.CONTACT DETAILS: It provides contact details of all Development Commissioners Office, DGFT, DG System, DGCI & S and SEZ online. 4.SEZ online Transaction: This is a dynamic submenu that tracks the Bill of Entry / Shipping Bill processing status and also does verification. The app also helps the Importers / Exporters to track the status of 'Bill of Entry / Shipping Bill”. MoU between the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) for cooperation in the field of outer space (Topic: Science and Technology) About-- The purpose of this MoU is to pursue future cooperative activities in the exploration and use of outer space exclusively for peaceful purposes in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable in each country and their international obligations.             Framework MoU would lead to joint activity in the field of application of space technologies for the benefit of humanity. Thus all sections and regions of the country will get benefited. Background India and Japan pursue space cooperation for more than 5 decades and carried out studies in the field of atmospheric study, observation of universe and scientific investigation in remote sensing. With the formation of JAXA in 2003, an "arrangement concerning the considerations of potential future cooperation in the field of outer space" was signed in October 2005 between ISRO/ Department of Space (DOS) and JAXA. Both agencies have signed cooperative documents addressing lunar exploration, satellite navigation, X-ray astronomy and Asia Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum (APRSAF). During the ISRO-JAXA bilateral meeting held at New Delhi on April 05, 2016, both sides stressed the need for updating the contents of '2005 Arrangement' with enhanced scope of cooperation. Accordingly, both sides have arrived at the draft of new 'Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between ISRO and JAXA concerning cooperation in the field of outer space’.

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 9th March, 2017

IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 9th March 2017 Archives CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING   TOPIC: General Studies 3 Conservation, Environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment. Disaster and disaster management. Environment, Security Montreal protocol and its implementation. Introduction Hydro chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are detrimental to ecological balance and main elements responsible for climate change and global warming. With rapid urbanisation and uncontrolled growth the use of modern urban amenities has added to the incidence of global warming. It’s time for energy-efficient temperature limits for air-conditioning units in public facilities Issue: India has launched the second phase of the programme to eliminate the use of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC) as part of its commitment under the Montreal Protocol, which requires the complete removal of chemicals that result in ozone depletion and aid global warming. These are used mainly in the air-conditioning, refrigeration, polyurethane foam manufacturing and cold chain sectors, and must be replaced with better alternatives. All these sectors are in high growth mode as emerging economies witness greater urbanisation and higher agricultural productivity. The data for refrigerant consumption during 2015 compiled by the European Union show that in the developing world, split air-conditioning units, car ACs and commercial refrigeration record the highest use of these chemicals. It is imperative the Central government ensures that its efforts to upgrade industries using the $44.1 million in funding available under the Protocol are scaled up to meet the need fully. Modernising the technology used by 400 industrial units, many of them small and medium enterprises, by 2023 has to be complemented by policy changes that encourage adoption by consumers. Systemic change requires the active participation of State governments, which can enact and enforce new building codes and purchase regulations that are envisaged in the current phase. Newer refrigerants with lower global warming potential are available to industry, and there are some early adopters, while research on chemicals with greater energy reduction and very low contribution to global warming has to continue. Credentialed training of service technicians in the newer technologies is welcome as it will bring about change of refrigerants used in the repair and replacement market and create additional employment. It is important to make consumers aware of green options among products in terms of the underlying technologies, and incentivise adoption through tax structures. Environment Ministry’s proposal: The Environment Ministry’s proposal to prescribe energy-efficient temperature limits for air-conditioning units in public facilities is promising. A lot of energy is wasted because of poor infrastructure and lack of understanding of efficiency metrics. Equally, the Centre should conduct audit of public buildings to determine whether they are suitably designed, as climate control relies as much on passive influences such as insulation, green roofing and the nature of materials used in construction. It is possible, for instance, to adopt the Paris idea and ask all major buildings to incorporate solar panel roofing or suitable green cover. The continued success of the Montreal Protocol in its goal to eliminate HCFCs by 2030 will depend on reducing the acquisition costs of cleaner technologies. The greater affordability of solar photovoltaic power and its rapid adoption at various scales is a clear pointer. More people will have access to air-conditioning and refrigeration in coming years, and the focus of government policy must be to make them energy-efficient and eco-friendly. Conclusion: In light of the Paris Summit actions and the SDGs adopted it is important that state lead measures are initiated for curbing climate change and limiting global warming to sustainable levels. Further it is also important to ensure there is bipartisan support and common but differentiated responsibility principle adopted in letter and spirit. Change of attitude from each household level is important. Connecting the dots: Sustainable development is the need and necessity for the generations to come by. Critically analyse the government efforts especially w.r.t Montreal protocol and its implementation.   NATIONAL TOPIC: General Studies 2 Role of civil services in a democracy. Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Police Reforms: When will it see light of the day? In news: The Ramjas college violence incidence which brought the Delhi Police under NHRC scanner show how Supreme Court’s order to usher in police reforms have been unheard over the past several years. Also, a petition has been filed in SC which seeks direction to the Centre, State governments and the Law Commission to implement police reforms and the Model Police Act, 2006 to ensure an “effective and impartial police system.” Initiation of reforms The National Police Commission (1977-79), set up by the Janata government kick-started the police reforms. And the credit for keeping the debate alive and taking it to the highest judicial forum goes to former Director General of Police (DGP) of Uttar Pradesh and a former Border Security Force chief, Prakash Singh Badal who filed a PIL in 1996 and sought major changes to the police structure. There was a need to begin the police reforms with more autonomy to police and more space for police professionalism by giving a fixed tenure for police officers in crucial positions beginning with the DGPs in the States. This reform road began with the time consuming process of consultation with all states as police was a ‘state’ subject which culminated into SC’s 2006 direction in Prakash Singh versus Union of India. Recommended police reforms Fixed tenure of two years for senior officers in crucial positions Setting up of a State Security Commission (in which the leader of the Opposition party also had a role)- to seal police forces from unwarranted political affluences, give policy directions to the police and evaluate performance of state police. The clear separation of law and order and crime functions of the police. Creation of a Police Establishment Board to regulate police placements. Appointments in top positions like DGP through a merit-based, transparent process. Establish a Police Complaints Authority to look into public complaints against police officers of and above the rank of Superintendent of Police in cases of serious misconduct. A new Police Act on the basis of a model Act prepared by the Union government and to be circulated to the States. Nobody listens to the highest court However, three years later, SC had to say that not a single state was willing to cooperate with the orders. Several State governments were devising their own means to dilute the SC directions. The states found that the court had stepped in mainly because there was no law on the subject, many States brought in quick legislation to water down the essentials of the Supreme Court direction. On the face value, the new Police Acts appeared to be fully compliant with the judicial prescription. However, they were merely formulated to outwit the courts. It is seen from the fact that though DGPs are handed out a two-year tenure on paper, they are given marching orders midway into their tenure without any solid reason. The objective of Police Establishment Board had been to depoliticise appointments and transfers. However, still DGPs get prior informal political approval from the Chief Minister/Home Minister with a view to have politically amenable officers in vital places in the police hierarchy. The latest reaction of SC on no movement on police reforms shows its helplessness in the matter. The reaction of the SC characterises the pathetic state of affairs in public administration in the country. Who is responsible? As contrary to popular beliefs, there is not always a politician coming in front of police duties. There do exist many dishonest policemen in every State police who get away with accusing the politician of preventing them from discharging their duties. The reality is different as visible from pathetic state of police stations, lateness in responding to the common man, constantly complaining of getting bullied etc. It is seen that police often ignore complaints and when they do take note of complaint, they often side with the aggressors. Many a times, the perpetrators have been treated as witnesses and victims of crime have been converted to be accused. The petitions, requests, causes taken up in public interest such as additional traffic lights on busy junctions, finding the lost properties of people, action against policemen unnecessarily inflicting police excesses have been largely ignored by police officials responsible for it. The callousness towards the common man’s simple, legitimate and uncomplicated requests have been regularly reported of being unheard by the police. The excuse of preoccupation with law and order problems and inadequate manpower cannot fully explain the tendency for inaction that has become routine in policing. This is the reason why the debate on police reforms sounds irrelevant and unappealing to the average citizen. Can there be improvements? It is true that many young IPS officers lose their idealism early in their careers, because of fear of vengeful politicians or disloyal subordinates. Also, there exists fear among the proactive and dedicated officers about reprisal over honest action against powerful men in society and politics. But there is a limit to how much citizen can be satisfied with a non-performing police force. No doubt, there is a scope for measurable improvement in the quality of policing subject to positive actions from police leadership. There should be motivation for self-correction within the police, a process initiated by the DGP and his aides. This will push the change in the manner in which policing is carried out in most parts of the country. Conclusion The arbitrary nature and unaccountable functioning of police has led to complete alienation of many citizens from the State. Adding to it, the politicisation of police force has have been habitually abusing their powers to drop serious criminal charges against their supporters and foist false cases against their opponents led to highly partisan crime investigation. These characterisation of police forces require a 360 degree turnaround in their orientation. Until and unless, the demand from within the police force will not be heard to become more citizen-friendly and less politically motivated, police reforms inspite being a hand away, will continue to be at horizon. Connecting the dots: Time for police reforms has now saturated. If action is soon not taken in favour of reviving the police force in consonant with the changing times, there will no time when people will take laws in their hands. In light of this, identify the possible areas of police reforms and means to implement them. Related article: Police Reforms in India MUST READ The clarity the secret ballot enables Hindu   The Wrong Antidote Indian Express   What is ISIS Khorasan module? Indian Express   Aadhaar may be getting too big for its own good Livemint   The missing Made-in-India tag on our guns and jets Livemint   Chhattisgarh: The optics of human rights Livemint   Canada and beyond Business Line   Touch of pragmatism in foreign policy Business Line  

Website
Terms and Conditions Privacy Refund Policy Learning Management System by Testpress