Aug 24, 2016 AIR

All India Radio - PM on Kashmir Issue

ARCHIVES   PM on Kashmir Issue   Search 12th august and 13th august 2016 here: http://www.newsonair.com/Main_Audio_Bulletins_Search.aspx Kashmir has been under abnormal situation since July 2016 where there is a prolonged curfew, continuous demonstrations and lot of people have got injured and have died. In August 2016, there was an all-party marathon meeting of 8 hours chaired by PM on Kashmir situation. This meeting was the first engagement of the Modi government with the Kashmir issue. The PM’s message One message that has come out from the meeting is that the entire political spectrum of the country is worried about what is happening in Kashmir and is concerned about it. The PM’s address has stated that all doors of government and country is open for every Kashmiri. It is an important statement which shows the intentions of the political leadership. Apart from it, it has been clarified that Kashmir is integral part of India and there will be no compromise on it. There will be no adjustment with terrorism. India will continue to fight against it and elements which promote terrorism For the first time, India raised the issue of PoK where it is clarified by the PM that India will also talk to people of PoK. This is important in the wake of the agitation going on in various cities and towns of PoK against the fraud elections recently held. The PoK also includes Gilgit and Baltistan. One-third of it is handed over by Pakistan to the Chinese. The Vajpayee connection PM involved the name of former PM Vajpayee in dealing with Kashmir issue and had made open statements. PM Vajpayee had been a very popular figure in Kashmir and was seen as a change-maker. He was the person who could think out of box. While addressing Kashmiris, he said that insaniyat is more important than constitution. Thus, he entirely changed the course of narrative in Kashmir. The present PM is expected to take on the Kashmir matters further with former PM Vajpayee’s approach. An essential part of PM Vajpayee’s formula was a kind of political initiative which he initiated in Kashmir in terms of Insaniyat, Kashmiriyat and Jamooriyat. The present PM has hinted on following the same path. The Union home minister has already made it clear that all the stakeholders in Kashmir will be talked to. The process of identification of these stakeholder has begun and this will take place with the local government. These issues will be focus of attention of the government including the opposition party to have stretched on the need for dialogue. What next? The PM has not given any concrete framework on Kashmir though he has given direction. It is good in a way as it is not a knee-jerk reaction. In past it has been observed that political meetings of this kind and there will be immediate reaction to it, which in long run doesn’t help. This time, the all-party meeting was a consultative meeting. The PM heard everyone out and there was collating on the suggestions. The concrete policy will be drafted very soon. Earlier dialogues did not create any long term resolution of Kashmir issue. This time, the government is taking its time, it is seriously studying the issue and wants to take measured step about what it means to be in Kashmir and have a game plan. PoK issue There was a strong implicit message for Pakistan when India clearly said that it is willing to talk to people of PoK. The issue of no compromise with terror and no talks with Pakistan given the atmosphere. If any talks are to be held, there will be talks on Kashmir of PoK only. It is first time that a PM has raised PoK topic openly else every time there is a parliament resolution passed where PoK is part of India. People are waiting for government of India to spell out their stand. He drew attention to excesses committed by Pakistan state on its own regions and minorities. He even alluded of the fact that Pakistan has been guilty of using fighter aircraft against its own citizens in Balochistan. In the state of J&K, there is state of Gilgit-Baltistan which was earlier called the Federally Administered Tribal Area where, Gilgit-Baltistan particularly is in a twilight zone. It is neither part of Pakistan in full sense like other provinces. Here the citizens do not enjoy democratic rights that the other citizens of the state have. Technically Gilgit-Baltistan can be described as equivalent of disputed of area. India’s Kashmir The PM has reminded the citizens of India, many of whom may not remember the historical detail that Kashmir is not an issue by itself, it is part of the composite state of J&K and Pakistan is illegally occupying its part. The real significance is that PM has drawn attention to the four parts of state of Jammu and Kashmir- Jammu + Ladakh + Kashmir + PoK. He reminded his interlocutors in the all party meeting as well as a signal to Pakistan that, for India, the concern is about the composite state of J&K which had acceded or joined India in October 1948 and Kashmir cannot be seen in isolation. In 1994, Parliament passed a unanimous resolution where they mentioned that Kashmir is an integral part of India including PoK. In a similar Independence Day speech by former PM Narsimha Rao, he mentioned that the only unfinished agenda was getting back the PoK. The present also PM asked the people to talk about the atrocities committed on the people of PoK and the problems they are facing should be highlighted. He suggested a two-way road map: The people belonging to that region get in touch with those who are residing currently in PoK and expose the miserable conditions they are living in The Indian mission should also try and build up on this narrative This is a different approach that has no precedence. As far as India’s Pakistan policy is concerned, such clear cut mention of PoK and actions that can be possible taken is departure from past. The PM is actually advocating that the Indian state should reach out, also encouraging the people in J&K who have family and friends in PoK to ascertain the actual conditions on the ground and apprise the global community about the excesses being committed by Pakistani state and also, the denial of certain basic human rights, particularly the democratic norms and principles. The Indian mission given freedom to obtain inputs from those residents of PoK Balochistan who all had to flee Pakistan and now residing elsewhere, does mark a certain assertiveness as far as India’s Pakistan policy is concerned. When the PM mentions that PoK remains underdeveloped, people are facing lot of problems and in India, there is relative peace, people have democratic rights; not only a political but a multi-dimensional approach is being undertaken. Thus, PM is trying to widen the base, in terms of the issues in which Kashmir issue as located in the entire J&K can be addressed. Involving the Kashmiris The first CBM- confidence building measure towards people of Kashmir will be decision on use of pellet guns which is a big issue in Kashmir. The PM talked about the people of J&K whether Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, Buddhists to contact people in different regions of India and tell them the kind of development that has happened in the state and also compare it to development in another states. The priority of government is restoration of normalcy. The PM has given clues to the young people who were major part of the agitators. He gave clues by telling that Kashmiris that they are our people, a majority of Kashmiris are peace loving people and there is a small section of people who are misguided. In addition, there is a neighbouring country which is stoking fire. The government has given the assurance of addressing all the problems but never the national security will be compromised. The state is reeling under acute unemployment and lot of analyst have given the reasons that most of the demonstrators have been the unemployed youth generally. PM has talked about development in the region and has given a rough policy on Kashmir. Once the people of PoK compare their existence with rest of India and also J&K, they will understand that Azadi for Kashmir is not a legal not a political option. The people of J&K do not see themselves as becoming a part of Pakistan. Their entire grievances is about the way in which autonomy package has been understood or implemented. The PM has been able to grasp the issue so far. If PM is able to provide appropriate development options, along with that, for the youth there is education, jobs and whatever be the other skill sets and other human security issues- like access to medical colleges, hospital, modern technology, the Kashmir valley will see more peace. No doubt, these issues have been identified in the past but it lacked policy backed actions and political rhetoric followed whenever there is unrest. The 80000 crore package given to J&K, it is not just meant for building roads electricity, it is for all round development of every part of J&K. So, every region should get its share of development money so that good education, employment for youth, modern healthcare and encourage tourism. The point that J&K assembly still has vacant seats from the PoK region representation shows that India is determined that PoK is part of India only. Connecting the dots: India’s approach to Pakistan’s double standards on terrorism and human rights violation has given a diplomatic shock to Pakistan. Analyse.

Aug 24, 2016 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 24th August, 2016

Archives   IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 24th August, 2016   INTERNATIONAL   TOPIC: General Studies 2 India and its neighborhood relations. Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests. Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India's interests, Indian diaspora.   Why “looking east” and “acting east” is important? Present status There was a recent regime change in Nepal and this call for a renewed diplomatic engagement. As soon as the military government prepared for a democratic transition and to diversify its external relations — away from its dependence on China — the US moved quickly to lift some of the sanctions it had imposed on Burma. Following the US lead, Japan and European powers checked into Yangon. Now, with Burma’s first democratically elected government, the above major players including China are on the race extending outreach to Burma. It is time that India also should join the race for vigorous commercial engagement with both the neighbours (Nepal and Myanmar). Concerns For some decades now, India’s strategic opportunities have been mostly in the east. Even though we have policies such as “look east” and “act east”, India has failed to reap the maximum benefit. However, China figures prominently in the great game to the east India and Nepal Nepal’s recent regime change was seen as a big political gain for India, however Nepal insists on a “balanced policy” towards both Delhi and Beijing. Delhi no longer has a free hand in Kathmandu and Beijing’s capacity to influence the internal politics of Nepal has significantly increased in recent years. China has always had a larger influence in Burma’s domestic politics. India and Myanmar With Burma’s first democratically elected government, India has considerable potential to emerge as an influential force in Burma. But it has to contend with China’s power in Myanmar too. In Burma, Suu Kyi chose Beijing as the first port of call among the major powers, despite the fact that China was the strongest supporter of the military regime in the last three decades. On both fronts, we have one common factor called “China”. India is also easily distracted by the endless provocations on its west. (Especially China’s deeper involvement with Pakistan) Myanmar and China Geography guarantees an enduring role for Beijing in Burma. One of the major outcomes of Suu Kyi’s Beijing trip was - China’s commitment to bring three rebel groups in northern Burma that have long had ties to Beijing to the peace process. Settling the conflict with the minority groups is at the top of Suu Kyi’s political agenda. In return Suu Kyi has set up a commission to review the Chinese dam projects on Burma’s border (that were in conflict earlier), supported Beijing’s Silk Road initiatives, and chosen to be silent on the South China Sea dispute. What India should do? Although geography gives India many advantages in both Nepal and Burma, Delhi has been unable to reinforce it with other instruments such as economic diplomacy. China’s ability to deliver large quantities of aid and implement major infrastructure projects on short order makes it an attractive partner for both Kathmandu and Yangon. If India is to become an assertive regional player in Asia, it has to work toward developing policies that would improve and strengthen it domestically, which will encourage more confidence in its ability to lead the region and be an important global player. Competition with China should also be considered and taken seriously. China’s growing influence in the region would lead to a more one-sided dynamic in the region. China has asserted itself through its soft power as well as through its trade and economic relations with Myanmar by taking up large infrastructure projects in the country. India on the other hand needs to use its soft power more effectively, and at the same time strengthen itself domestically and regionally. India, in contrast, has acquired an unenviable reputation in both Nepal and Burma for “all talk and no actions”. India needs a plan for vigorous commercial engagement with both neighbours. There are several advantages that India has over China with regard to Myanmar. One is the democratic process, which results in different governments at the center and states through free and fair elections. There is also the respect for institutions that are strong enough to hold the country together. Finally, cooperation in different multilateral forums such as ASEAN and BIMSTEC strengthen the relationship between the two countries. Apart from these reasons, India has sent a clear signal that while economic ties are important, it is keen to build a holistic relationship and is prepared to assist in institution building in Myanmar. While the basic foundation for the relationship between India and Myanmar has been laid by previous governments, the onus is on the present Indian administration to demonstrate that it can take the relationship to a higher level. It can also become a strong regional player through a more proactive approach, cement India’s place in the region and grow into a powerful, global country. Connecting the dots: Myanmar is India’s bridge east, and an important ally for growing its regional power. Comment. Why “looking east” and “acting east” is important for India? Discuss.   NATIONAL   TOPIC: General Studies 2 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.   Mental Healthcare Bill 2013 The Mental Health Care Bill has been passed in Rajya Sabha in August 2016. It is sought to replace the Mental Health Act, 1987. It provides for protection and promotion of rights of persons with mental illness during the delivery of health care in institutions and in the community. Facts There is no official estimate of India’s population suffering from mental illness. In 2005, it was estimated that 6-7% of country’s population is suffering from some form of mental illness. Out of them, 1-2% are having an acute condition of mental disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Nearly 5% of the population suffered from common mental disorders such as depression and anxiety. WHO: estimates that 1 in 4 persons will be affected by some form of mental illness once in their lifetime. World Mental Health Day- 10th October NHRC Report A Technical Committee on Mental Health was constituted by NHRC which submitted its report (Mental Health Care in India: Old Aspirations, Renewed Hope) in 2014-15. According to the report, states such as Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Tripura, Telangana, Haryana and Andhra Pradesh, as well as Union Territories such as Daman & Diu and Andaman & Nicobar- Had deficient services for treating mental health Had failed to update information on mental health Major findings Incomplete or insufficient information from most states on their mental health services Inadequate estimations of states’ mental health needs Poor documentation of registration for mental health services in states Very low patient registrations This shows the dismal state of affairs in taking care of persons with mental illness. Examples of some states and UTs to have an overview of the mental healthcare scenario: Andhra Pradesh Population= 4.93 crore Has no record of the number of individuals with mental illness There are no government-run halfway homes, no longstay rehabilitation facilities, no mental health plan and no counselling in jails.   Bihar 3rd populous state of India Population= 10 crores Has: 28 psychiatrists in the government sector + 3 psychiatrists in the private sector Andaman and Nicobar Population: 37 lakh 30,000 mental health patients 2 psychiatrists at 1 government hospital There is no in-patient service, longstay rehabilitation facilities or government-run halfway homes. The Mental Healthcare Bill, 2013 Background Indian Psychiatric Society (IPS) is the representative body of psychiatrists in India since 1948 IPS has always remained forefront in the struggle for betterment of conditions of mental asylums (as they were called then) and also for the human rights of persons with mental illness. After due deliberations, the IPS prepared and presented a draft Mental Health Bill in 1950 to the government for consideration. Various reasons stalled its enactment which later started in 1970s. Finally the Mental Health Act, 1987 was passed which came into operation after notification in 1993. In 2007, Government of India ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCPRD). The signatory countries are required to change their laws to give effect to the rights of persons with mental illness. To its effect, the Mental Health Care Bill, 2013 was first introduced in the Rajya Sabha in 2013, which has now been passed and Lok Sabha has to take it up. Meaning of Mental Illness Bill defines mental illness as "a substantial disorder of thinking, mood, perception, orientation or memory that grossly impairs judgment, behaviour, capacity to recognise reality or ability to meet the ordinary demands of life." It includes mental conditions associated with alcohol and drug abuse, but does not include mental retardation, as it is a result of incomplete mental development of the person.   Positive Provisions Charting out treatment for oneself Right to select a representative, who will design the mode of treatment according to which the person will be treated if he/she gets diagnosed with a mental illness. The person will be a nominative representative. The person will be aware of likes and dislikes of the person having mental illness. Prioritising the interests of the patients Earlier act was focused on regulation. The new bill is ‘patient-centric’ which ensures safeguarding of patient’s interests. Aims to ensure that the treatment and rehabilitation of people with mental illness is carried out “in a manner that does not intrude on their rights and dignity”. Bans the use of electric shock therapy Children with mental illness will not be treated via electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) ECT is a procedure, done under general anaesthesia, in which small electric currents are passed through the brain, intentionally triggering a brief seizure Permitted to use on adults after they have been given anaesthesia and muscle relaxants. Access to healthcare -Without any discrimination for affordable and good quality mental health services Guarantee to every person the right to access mental health care and treatment from the government. Includes affordable, good quality, easy access to services such as minimum mental health services in every district. They will have right to equality of treatment and protection from inhuman and degrading treatment. Need for infrastructure and psychiatrists Barely one psychiatrist is available for every 4 lakh population. As per Directorate General of Health Services report (2002), a ratio of 1 psychiatrist per 100,000 population is desirable Half-way homes, sheltered accommodations, supported accommodations, child and old-age mental health services etc. are also to be established. Government has been assigned duties to take measures to address human resources requirement of mental health services. All the medical officers in public health establishments and in jails are to be trained to provide basic and emergency mental health care.   Decriminalising Suicide The act decriminalises attempt to suicide and places it under the ambit of mental illness. In case of suicide, the person will be presumed, unless otherwise proved, to have severe stress at the time of the attempting suicide Hence, the person will not be liable to be prosecuted under section 309 of IPC Instead of punishing people who attempt suicide, the government will help them and offer mental health care facilities. Insurance Every insurance company shall provide medical insurance for mentally ill persons on the same basis as is available for physical illnesses. Institutional Establishments It provides for establishment of a State Mental Health Authority and a Central Mental Health Authority Also provides for a Mental Health Review Commission to regulate the sector and register institutions. Government duties It will plan, design and implement programmes for promotion of mental health and prevention of mental illnesses It will create awareness about mental health, particularly programmes to reduce stigma which are to be adequately funded. The provisions of the Act are to be given wide publicity through public media. Government officials including police officers and other officers are to be given periodic sensitization and awareness training on the issues. Emergency admissions There is provision of emergency admission on any bed in the country up to a period of 72 hours. The psychiatric treatment, except electro-convulsive therapy (ECT), can be initiated by any registered medical practitioner, if there is danger to patient's health or the patient is violent or suicidal. This provision fills a major lacuna overlooked in the previous law which made transporting a disturbed patient illegal, except under court order. Thus, various stakeholders including academia, experts and political establishment were consulted while formulating the Bill, which focuses on community based treatment. Implementation challenges Funding provision The central and state governments have to ensure access to mental health services in every district. This is to include outpatient and inpatient services, hospitals, and community-based rehabilitation establishments. However, the financial memorandum of the Bill does not estimate the expenditure required to meet the obligations. Nor does it details out the sharing of expenses between the central and state governments. Inadequate funding can affect the implementation of mental healthcare law.   Guardianship rules not mentioned The bill does not address issues related to guardianship of mentally ill persons Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPD) Bill, 2014: specifies the provisions related to guardianship of mentally ill persons. (it is pending in Parliament) However, 1987 Act had provisions related to appointment and removal of a guardian, and his powers and duties. Penalties not defined The bill does not prescribe specific penalties for non-compliance General punishment of up to 6 months or a penalty of up to Rs 10,000, or both, is provided. General Hospital Psychiatry Units (GHPU) Any health establishment where persons with mental illness are admitted or kept in for care, such have to be registered as Mental Health Establishment (MHE). It will be bound by all the rules framed under the Bill by the Mental Health Authorities. Though it is different from licence required under the 1987 Act, it will still have to fulfil the stiff norms and guidelines framed by the authorities. The GHPU are very important assets in psychiatric care as they are easily accessible and people get benefit from these units without any feeling of stigma. Requirement of registration as MHE for all GHPU would have a dampening effect on their establishment and hardly anyone would be interested in opening them. Ban on unmodified ECT and restrictions on ECT to Minors ECT is very useful while treating many acute and chronic psychotic conditions, many of which occur for the first time during childhood and adolescence. (Unmodified ECT refers to the administration of ECT without the prior administration of a muscle relaxant). It seems to be based on popular perception and sentiment rather than scientific evidence. If ECT is banned, it will be not available at small and remote places, where anaesthetic support is not available even for routine surgery. Severe restriction has been placed on the use of ECT to minors in the Bill, where prior approval from the Mental Health Review Board has to be obtained. This also appears to be based on sentiments than science. ECT is used during emergencies and is considered as life-saving procedure, and thus, to get prior approval of Board does not fit in. It is widely opposed by IPS and other professional associations of psychiatrists as according to them, any idea of prescribing or prohibiting any particular form of treatment in mental health legislation is anachronistic and improper. Marginalization of families of persons with mental illness Family is a very important asset in management of mental illness. In many cases, family will have to move to the Mental Health Review Board to get approval of mental health decisions and involuntary admissions. Provisions of nominated representatives and advance directives has also put limitation on the role of the families as it may damage goodwill and bonding in the families. Non-experts given power to take decisions Mental Health Review Board, which has six members out of which only one is a psychiatrist, is vested with vast powers to take decisions in respect of mental health care Mental Health Authorities both at central and state levels which have been assigned duties to set norms and standards, to register and to keep a close eye on functioning of the MHE, have only two or three psychiatrists among more than twenty official and non-official members. Thus, crucial decisions in the field of mental health in the hands of non-experts is visible.   Increased paperwork Elaborate regulatory and appellate provisions of admissions in MHE will constitute a lot of clerical and paperwork in the management of MHE. The treating psychiatrist will have to cope with a great burden in this respect in his day to day functioning. Private psychiatrists will have to also do a lot of paperwork due to various provisions like advance directive, nominated representatives and requirement of approval from the Board for taking many of the treatment decisions. As a result, private psychiatrist may be less willing to take up psychiatric cases requiring paper works and formalities. Ultimately, the person with mental illness will suffer. Conclusion The new bill has unprecedented measures aimed towards sea change measures with respect to treatment for the mentally ill across the country and particularly the underprivileged. But, care has to be taken that Bill does not create impediments in psychiatric treatment of the patients. The patients of psychiatric disorders constitute only a small group. Yet, it has to be ascertained that proper mental healthcare facility is availed by all the patients without any stigmatic feeling and hindrance. Families give the best support in management of mental illnesses and thus, measures should be taken that they are not marginalised. Connecting the dots: The Constitution of India envisages right to live and right to equality of all the citizens of the country. Critically evaluate the provisions of Mental Healthcare Bill 2013 in that respect.   Refer: Disability Law & the Invisible People A State of mind Depression, anxiety cost world $1 trillion each year: WHO study MUST READ Renaming High Courts: What’s in a name? 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Aug 24, 2016 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

IASbaba Daily Current Affairs Quiz [Day 3]

Click here to get all the Tests– Archives   Q.1) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Maglev’ It is a transport method that uses magnetic levitation to move vehicles without touching the ground A Maglev train travels along a guideway using magnets to create both lift and propulsion which reduces friction by a great extent, allowing very high speeds Which of the following statements is/are correct? Only 1 Only 2 1 and 2 None of the above Q.2) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Indian Leather Development Programme’ It is under Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship It will provide support to Artisans for formation of SHGs, product development, capacity building, providing centralized common facilities centres and marketing linkages Which of the following statements is/are correct? Only 1 Only 2 Both 1 and 2 None of the above Q.3) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Croatia’ It is a land-locked country It shares borders with Hungary, Slovenia and Serbia It was a part of Yugoslavia Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.4) The Chariman of Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC) is: Prime Minister Cabinet Secretary Finance Minister Governor of RBI Q.5) Identify the 'element'— BARC has recently developed a simple, user friendly, quick and cost effective kit for onsite determination of this 'element' and to check its water-contamination capacity. The element is widely used in various industries like leather, steel, chrome plating, paint manufacturing, wood preservation etc. One of its types is toxic and the World Health Organization has classified it as carcinogenic and has mentioned that it can cause stomach ulcers and cancers, and severe damage to kidneys and liver. Choose the correct 'element' being discussed about: Cadmium Iron Chromium Beryllium     Download the Solution- Click here All the best IASbaba  

Aug 23, 2016 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 23rd August, 2016

Archives   IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 23rd August, 2016   NATIONAL   TOPIC:  General Studies 2 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation   FSSAI Eyeing regulation of quality of tap water FSSAI overlooks domestic and international private food companies. It is now eyeing regulating water utilities controlled by the government. Food regulator FSSAI is examining possibility of holding municipal authorities, state water supply boards accountable for the quality of water they supply. Central Consumer Protection Council Expressed concern over quality of drinking water supplied through the pipeline Recommended mandatory standards for drinking water, irrespective of its source According to it, FSSAI should formulate standards for water through the pipeline and should monitor quality. CCPC is an apex body that advises the government on the consumer-related issues However, FSSAI is yet to take a call on how to bring water supplied by municipal authorities and other government authorities such as Delhi Jal Board under its purview. Census 2011 32% of India’s households have access to treated tap water (pipeline supply) 5% of India’s households get untreated water 16% of India’s total population lives in urban areas. Out of it, about 62% households have access to treated tap water which is supplied mainly by municipal corporations and other government agencies. World Health Organisation WHO guidelines on drinking water quality are accepted worldwide. They prescribe development and implementation of risk management strategies to ensure the safety of drinking-water supplies through control of hazardous constituents in water. FSSAI may follow WHO guidelines to regulate water quality in India Delhi Jal Board The safety and quality of drinking water supplied by Delhi Jal Board has been questioned. Union consumer affairs minister has said that drinking water supplied by Delhi Jal Board was not safe for consumption. The residents of New Delhi also think they cannot drink water supplied by Delhi Jal Board. As per residents, dirty water is a regular feature. There is an additional expense of water purifier as water supplied is not fit for drinking. Residents are of the opinion that FSSAI brings the drinking water quality under tis ambit, it would benefit them and also ensure that the municipal authorities are brought under the scanner. However, Delhi Jal Board maintains the stand that they follow required standards to provide safe water. Associated Chambers of Commerce of India study (2012): The water purifier market is estimated to exceed Rs.7,000 crore in 2015 Packaged drinking water Since April 2016, FSSAI has been strict with companies selling drinking water in packaged form. There are 5,842 registered water packaging units in India. Of the total, 1,495 packing units have license from FSSAI and certificate from the Bureau of Indian Standards The remaining 4,347 units only have BIS certification. Now, FSSAI has asked all drinking water packaging units to procure a licence from FSSAI to continue operations. As per FSSAI order, “No person shall manufacture, sell or exhibit for sale, Natural Mineral Water and Packaged Drinking water, except under the BIS Standard Mark”   Food safety FSSAI recently expressed desire to regulate the ‘prasadam’ of several popular places of worship to follow safety standards it prescribes It allows imports of special food items meant for children with “Inborn errors of Metabolism” These food items are manufactured by only a few companies such as Swiss packaged food company Nestle SA, American healthcare company Abbott Laboratories and French dairy firm Danone SA. Treatment of these metabolic disorders requires early intervention including dietary control. FSSAI is taking expedient actions to provide a unique platform for parents to find timely medical support and treatment. Hospitals like AIIMS will be engaged FSSAI has asked these companies to offer these food products at a subsidized price. Also, the companies will offer a subsidy of Rs.5 crore a year for these food items. However, the government has no plan to bring these food items under its own subsidy schemes. FSSAI is celebrating its 10th anniversary It has taken 10-point agenda to ensure safe food across the country which involves educating consumers, educating those involved in production of food, ensuring safety at point of manufacturing etc. It has taken initiatives on food safety Creating negative list of foods served in schools that contain high fat, sugar and salt A project to clean up street food Ensure hygiene at corporate canteens, restaurants and religious places Colour coding: The companies in food business will be required to put up colour-coded food safety display boards on their premises. It will include FSSAI license number Instructions for food hygiene and safety practices Consumer feedback details It will partner with leading companies to set up corporate training centres, embed food safety training in their entire value chain including marketing campaigns and also participate in research, surveillance and survey activities. FSSAI will also come out with guidelines if companies can use its name in advertisement campaigns. (Some companies highlight that their product is approved by FSSAI) Last year FSSAI was in news because of its crackdown on Maggi noodles which were suspected to contain excess lead FSS Act 2006 A mechanism to revamp the FSS Act is already in process A performance audit of FSSAI is being undertaken A Parliamentary Standing Committee has been set up to give its views to the Centre The legislation is expected to bring forth Better co-ordination with States and various ministries Simplifying the process of setting up standards Setting up cleaning, sorting and grading mechanisms for raw products at mandis   FSSAI Background FSSAI is established under FSS Act, 2006 It is a statutory body for laying down science based standards for articles of food and regulating manufacturing, processing, distribution, sale and import of food so as to ensure safe and wholesome food for human consumption Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India is the Administrative Ministry for the implementation of FSSAI. Chairperson and CEO of FSSAI is appointed by Government of India The Chairperson is in the rank of Secretary to Government of India Connecting the dots: Hygienic food and drinking water will determine the health standards of India’s young population which is considered as it’s divided. Examine the role of regulator in maintaining the superior food and water quality standards. What is FSSAI? Discuss its role in maintaining food standards in India. Refer: Fixing food regulation: Maggi Controversy Quality Check of Imported Food Items NATIONAL TOPIC: General Studies 2 Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and betterment of these vulnerable sections. Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India's interests, Indian diaspora.   The Need for Introspection in India’s Diaspora Policy In recent years, the government of India, along with a number of state governments, has been making efforts to reach out to the Indian diaspora. The bond between India and its diaspora has been considerably strengthened over the past decade. It is not just the contribution of the diaspora through FDI, remittances and the transfer of knowledge and entrepreneurial means. It is also the positive contribution the diaspora has played in contributing to the rise of the services sector in India, especially in the IT and ITES sectors. Most importantly, the Indian diaspora is also active in local politics in countries like the U.K. and Canada, while the Indian lobby has begun to assert itself in cases such as the Indo-U.S. nuclear deal. Even though there has been positive change, a number of problems persist. Problems with India’s diaspora policy First, there is often a perception that the Indian government gives greater importance to the more affluent sections of the diaspora, consisting of businessmen and those with white collar jobs. Second is that while NRIs are given attention, individuals who migrated from India generations ago, known as persons of Indian origin, or PIOs, and who are often keen to establish links, are not given much attention. For example, PIOs in Myanmar from states such as Bihar, Tamil Nadu and Punjab. A number of these PIOs are stateless and are keen to connect with their roots. Third, the diaspora diplomacy is less active. For instance, PM Modi made the diaspora a centrepiece of his foreign policy and, during his foreign visits, addressed mammoth meetings of the community to project India’s priorities and needs. However he did not address any of their demands or announce any new plans for removing their grievances like travel issues and protection of their properties in India. Fourth, there are many inadequacies in the Indian system for the diaspora to collaborate with India or to invest in the country. Grievances like red tape, multiple clearances, distrust of government in fulfilling promises were addressed through hesitant reforms and promotional measures. The recent merger of the Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs with the Ministry of External Affair and irregularities in conducting diaspora conferences and awards has also caused some concern in the diaspora.   New fears and concerns New fears and concerns among and about the overseas communities: The volatility in West Asia, together with the fall in oil prices, has caused fears of a massive return of Indian nationals, curtailing remittances and making demands on the job market. (In Kerala, for instance, workers from other States have bridged the demand-supply gap in various sectors.) The Gulf countries will require foreign workers for some more time, but India’s relations with many of them remain in the employer-employee mode. However, Indian government should be ready for the eventuality of Indian workers returning (Indexit) What India has to do? India could make a strong beginning by either considering granting these PIOs citizenship, or any other right that makes them socially and politically involved with their country of origin. The government should ensure that the demands of sections of the diaspora who lack political and economic clout are also given attention, and that they do not feel neglected. It is imperative to include overseas Indians in India’s economic development, take care of their needs and aspirations. States must be prepared with plans for rehabilitation of Indians, with the possibility of offering the same kind of jobs they were doing abroad. Both the Centre and the States should design a comprehensive plan to invest the remittances intelligently and to find alternative ways of livelihood for those who return. Connecting the dots: The Indian diaspora is a neglected lot especially the blue collar workers. Do you agree? What steps can be taken to improve their living standards and security in their countries of residence/ job? Discuss. The diaspora of India perhaps is one of the most dynamic lot in their countries of residence. They range from blue collar workers to CEOs of high value MNCs. How can the potential of this vibrant lot be tapped by India? Suggest a roadmap. The Indian diaspora is spread all over the world. For Indians working in war zones and sensitive areas, there is a need to set up facilitation centres and also have evacuation plans ready for times of crisis. Discuss in light of the problems faced by the Indian diaspora.   Refer: HOT February 2016 HOT March 2016 HOT April 2016 MUST READ Hasten a consensus Hindu Related Articles: Ending the impasse The Big Picture – Vacancies and Pending Cases in Courts: What’s The Solution?   Miles to go before we reap Hindu   Should mayors be directly elected? Hindu Related articles: Towards directly elected and empowered mayors For creating “Vibrant Cities”: Decentralise and Empower City Governments Issues with Urban Governance   Centre notifies Good Samaritan SOPs Hindu   SC pitches for a political solution in Kashmir Hindu   Death of a ‘wild’ tigress Hindu   Kashmir is India’s internal issue: Syria Hindu   Iran releases images of new indigenous missile system Hindu   Rs. 10 lakh bond from outfits to check untoward incidents Hindu   Suspicion And Red Tape Indian Express   How Army’s obsolete air defence puts key installations at risk Indian Express   Assam floods: Majuli grapples with familiar erosion problem Indian Express   RBI’s autonomy and accountability Livemint   The Brexit question that nobody asked Livemint   A false narrative of the Indian state in Kashmir Livemint   Proposed wildlife law plans penalties of up to Rs50 lakh for violators Livemint   With GDP fading as economy gauge, global hunt is on for a new yardstick Livemint   ‘Ink controversy’ prompts Election Commission to suggest alternatives Livemint   Myanmar pledges to cooperate with India on insurgency issue Livemint   Monsoon matters Business Line   Paying for performance Business Line   Content is king Business Line   All you wanted to know about kharif and rabi Business Line   Revisiting inflation targeting Business Line

Aug 23, 2016 RSTV Video

The Big Picture - Raghuram Rajan's Last Policy: What's his Legacy?

Archives     Raghuram Rajan's last policy: What's his legacy?   RBI Governor Raghuram Rajan will be demitting his office on September 4th 2016 after completing 3 year term. Rajan was not given the extension which the last four Governors had the benefit of. Rajan’s tenure has been extremely interesting, his job approach had been different and has received accolades from across the world. Major contributions When Rajan assumed the office in 2013, the rupee was under immense pressure, the current account deficit (CAD) was very high almost touching 3% of GDP and there was a macroeconomic instability with high inflation, though reducing oil prices helped in calming the economy. With his policies, he has left behind a very stable macroeconomic environment. The problems were handled very deftly. Innovative ways used to shore up India’s foreign exchange reserves. The bonds which were issued with RBI’s guarantee on foreign exchange risks were well taken care of. Thus, macroeconomic stability is the biggest contribution. Rajan brought great deal of predictability in setting up monetary policy and removed the unpredictable nature of RBI’s monetary policy. With his stature in the international domain, the credibility of the central bank and the policies got much recognition. Took a big bold step in codifying the relationship between the Union Finance Ministry and the RBI. In the larger interests, he has agreed to the terms, the monetary policy framework initially and now the monetary policy committee framework, with the sovereignty of RBI to a larger structure. On-tap licensing is a major contribution in the country which is underbanked. There is more need of financial intermediaries. Today, almost 70% of the banking assets are in public sector banks. Since, the public sector banks are not being privatised, the only way is to inject more competition in the system. If there are more banks, hopefully the share of banking assets in public sector will come down. Being underbanked country, more the bank, better the share of finance sector in GDP.   Legacy leaving behind Over past three years, whole monetary policy framework has become much clearer. Inflation target has been fixed at 4% for 5 years by Monetary Policy Committee. It is however little too tight in country like India which is geographically diverse and where markets are not fully integrated. Forcing banks to be clear about their non-performing assets (NPAs) instead of hiding them. Also advised them to have clear process of transition Opened up finance sector to new entrants. For example, new banks, payment banks, putting bank licences on tap (On-tap licensing), small bank licences etc. In long run, it will be seen as Rajan’s most valuable achievement in Indian economy. Working of MPC Rajan will be the last RBI Governor to chart out the monetary policy. The next monetary policy will be formulated by Monetary Policy Committee. The Committee has a potential to evolve in a manner so as to dilute the powers of the Governor. MPC is a 6 member committee, out of which 3 members are appointed by the committee that is headed by a cabinet secretary. RBI has only 3 members— the Governor, a Deputy Governor and another official. A search committee will recommend three external members, experts in the field of economics, banking or finance, for the Government appointees. Thus, RBI governor has to manage a consensus. So, what he can do is that he has to get those 3 members and then if he cannot get it by consensus, then he has to use the deciding vote. The MPC will meet four times a year to decide on monetary policy by a majority vote. And if there’s a tie between the ‘Ayes’ and the ‘Nays’, the RBI governor gets the deciding vote. The number of times the RBI Governor uses the deciding vote will make an impression that the committee is not in consensus. So the onus will be on next Governor to find a consensus. Thus, deciding vote is a good way of keeping a check. Rajan was comfortable with the deciding vote concept whereas many were of the opinion that the Governor should have a veto power. The issue of interest rate policy has been politically charged. In an environment where this sense of political importance is increasing, the MPC gives the RBI Governor a certain line of protection. It is not entirely clear as to who will in future appoint the Dy. Governor because the answer given to the Parliament was that the appointment process of Governor, Dy. Governor and all other regulatory heads will henceforth be by a search committee called the ‘Financial Sector Regulatory Committee’. There is nothing wrong in having a tension between the Governor and the Finance Minister on policy issues as there is an interplay of fiscal policy and monetary policy. Such frictions help to evolve better economic policies. Governor has an impact on fiscal policy because he has put lot of pressure of putting fiscal house in order to have loose monetary policy. Problems pertaining to bank The problem with the banks is that they have been under-regulated. There has been enormous amount of mismanagement of public funds and it comes out of the situation where government is the owner of 14 big banks. So, government effectively functions as a regulator. The ministry of finance regulates it. So, the RBI is not active in regulating the banks. So, RBI has to macro manage the banks. However, if RBI wants to be regulator, it has to withdraw directors from boards of banks. There has always been a problem about the exercise of the PSBs ownership functions. The new Bank Bureau under Vinod Rai may help to provide a certain barrier to both:- excessive political direction which was there because of the way in which the government exercise some of the functions and equally of possibility of micro-management on RBI side. The RBI is acting like a merchant banker to government, it is managing the government’s borrowing programme. Thus, there could be a clash between that responsibility and its responsibility as a macroeconomic manager and also as regulator of securities. In the long run, it will be in interest of the RBI to focus its work on macro management with MPC and delegating inflation control to RBI. The memorandum says that RBI is responsible for the inflation control. RBI does not need more power to regulate the interest rates which were freed a long ago with interest rate ceilings, administered interest rates etc. However, banks have not passed on the benefits to the customers. Consequences is that we have highest spreads for banking in the world. Nowhere in world there is gap of 9% rate gap. There is 2-3% gap between deposit rate and advances rate. However, certain areas where he wanted to do more but could not do more. Regulation of the banking system. Too much of interference through the regulatory system because of many PSBs and government must have asked the RBI to exercise the ownership responsibility. Hence, banking regulation could not be made light and effective Debt management office- RBI is wearing so many hats that there is some inherent internal conflict. Bond market- government securities have to be backbone of bond market. RBI is insisting all the time that they will issue it and they will regulate. They should be regulated by SEBI. So, there is constant turf war. Conclusion For the first time, the country is aware of the existence of RBI Governor in a larger sense. Previous Governors used to remain low key but Rajan made his views public whether agreeing or disagreeing with the government. The last RBI policy was left unchanged leaving a clean slate for the successor to work on. It means that when Rajan assumed the office, the rupee was declining rapidly, the inflation rate was at 9% and there were major economic problems. Hence, whoever takes over from Rajan does not have an immediate monetary policy problem to cope with. The results of his action will be reaped in a period of time as the changes are fundamental. Hence, the new structures will take time to show results. However, the successor might have a tough time to adjust into a new role wherein government will always be watchful. Key words: On tap licensing: virtually made banking licensing batch wise licensing that the window for licensing has been opened and everyone can submit their applications. It will allow eligible people for banking licence to apply at any time. It is not restricted to one phase that for next six months, the window is open. Monetary policy: Central banks use monetary policy to either stimulate an economy into faster growth or slow down growth over fears of issues like inflation. The theory is that, by incentivizing individuals and businesses to borrow and spend, monetary policy will cause the economy to grow faster than normal. And reverse is, by restricting spending and incentivizing savings, the economy will grow less quickly than normal. Fiscal policy: The aim of most government fiscal policies is to target the total level of spending, the total composition of spending, or both in an economy. The two most widely used means of affecting fiscal policy are changes in the role of government spending or in tax policy. Connecting the dots: The banking sector has witnessed reforms in past two-three years. Examine the major issues.

Aug 23, 2016 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

IASbaba Daily Current Affairs Quiz [Day 2]

Click here to get all the Tests– Archives Q.1) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Access to Justice’ Project It addresses the legal needs of the marginalized and vulnerable sections of society The project is a partnership between United Nations Development Programme and Department of Justice, Ministry of Law and Justice The Project is being implemented in Jammu & Kashmir and Chhattisgarh in its 2nd phase (2012-2017) Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 All of the above Q.2) The much-talked about Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) strategy is related to — Mission Indradhanush TB control programme India’s commitment to tackle Malnutrition A Fishery and Oceanographic Research Vessel (FORV) Q.3) Recently Supreme Court said it may refer a plea challenging the validity of the Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) resettlement Act to a constitution bench if it finds that some issues needed interpretation of the Constitution. Consider the following statements with respect to J&K resettlement Act It envisages grant of permit for resettlement of Pakistani nationals who had migrated to Pakistan from Jammu and Kashmir after India’s partition People of Jammu and Kashmir who migrated to Pakistan from 1947 could be considered for their return but their descendants could not be Which of the following statements is/are correct? Only 1 Only 2 1 and 2 None of the above Q.4) The only state in the country to draft its own internal security legislation is – Maharashtra Gujarat Chhattisgarh Assam Q.5) Which among the given combination(s) is/are true? Arjuna Award : : India’s highest sporting award given for the spectacular and most outstanding performance in the field of sports by a sportsperson over a period of four years. Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award : : bestowed upon sportspersons for life time contribution to sports development. Dronacharya Award : : bestowed upon coaches for producing medal winners at prestigious international sports events. Select the correct option 1 and 3 only 2 and 3 only 3 only 1 only Download the Solution- Click here All the best IASbaba

Aug 22, 2016 RSTV Video

The Big Picture - Irom Sharmila and AFSPA Debate- Where is it Heading?

Archives     Irom Sharmila and AFSPA Debate- Where is it Heading?   After 16 years of fasting demanding repeal of AFSPA act, Irom Sharmila, the indomitable activist broke her fast in August 2016. Sharmila had gone on fast in November 2000 to protest against what is called as the ‘Malom massacre’. The massacre witnessed 10 people being shot dead and 42 other dragged out of their houses in Malom in Manipur by the Assam Rifles personnel. Manipur has been under AFSPA since 1980 and in all the sixteen years since Sharmila has been on hunger strike, the successive government at the centre refused to heed to her demand. This is even after a commission appointed by centre under justice Jeevan Reddy which had recommended repeal of law in 2005. Now, Sharmila’s decision to end fast and adopt a political route to achieve her and the people of Manipur’s demand has received mixed reaction. In fact many Manipuris including those who were supporting her all these years have expressed deep disappointment with the decision and have virtually abandoned her. Reason to withdraw the fast It has been an extraordinary personal struggle for Irom Sharmila’s 16 years of fast. It did not picked up the momentum nor grew as a mass movement. Instead it was waning. She had every right to take a decision to reach her goal in whatever she manner she can do it the best. A peace-loving woman had been on a one-sided engagement with the government of India for 16 long years through the most non-violent means ever. As a citizen of India who feels there is draconian law to be corrected, she has the right to choose her path to be politically active. In last 16 years, she hoped that something will come out of a non-violent protest but she had been disappointed by the centre’s inaction. There was no initiative from the political parties or larger society. It was not about isolation. The AFSPA had become DNA of the Indian state. Even when former PM called to make an inhumane act into humane act, not much was done. The Jeevan Reddy committee report was not implemented. And it seemed that AFSP was going to operate in North-east just like this for many years. Hence, she chose to change her path. After her decision to end the fast, she met a group of women activists and they agreed that the common objective is to repeal AFSPA but they agreed to part ways. The women activists’ organisation will continue to fight in the civil society as a pressure group and Sharmila wants to experiment with electoral politics. It is a positive development so far. It is not a setback for the demand of repeal of AFSPA when Sharmila decided to end her fast. For a struggle, there is not one constant relentless mobile offensive action. There has to be a mid-course change of the path. It is not that she has not achieved anything. The SC has curbed lot of powers of army like they cannot fire in an unrestricted manner, cannot infringe upon civil rights etc. It is a personal struggle of an individual who staunchly follows Gandhijis ideology of non-violence. The way to fight injustice is to cause harm to yourself and not the oppressor and it is this non-violence with love that will change the heart of the oppressor. With this spirit she had started her struggle for the people. For 16 years she had been virtually in solitary confinement. Even for murder, one gets 14 years of punishment and that too not a solitary confinement. All of this was to change the heart and conscience of the central leadership. However, she feels that not only central government but also people of India have not been able to understand her concern of her fight. Therefore she feels she has to fight another battle with same target. Situation so far 16 years of absolute non-violent struggle and it goes to deaf ears. The government appoints a commission but does not respond to its recommendations. The AFSPA has to be repealed by the central government or the parliament to withdrawn from Manipur. It shows that successive governments and Parliament has become insensitive to the issue of human rights violations in general, which is what AFSPA is all about. In particular, the heroic fast by a young woman failed to stir the conscience of most members of government, of Parliament and unfortunately, of civil society. Therefore, she felt that the only way out is to try and get into politics, get into government of Manipur and then try and change the law. The civil government when feels that it is required to be declared as a disturbed area, AFSPA is enacted. It first came to be in north-eastern states only. First time in Assam in September 1958. In Manipur it had come in 1979-1980. As far as going into the mainstream is concerned, Manipur is one of the good examples as it is not going off the target.  It has made its marks in sports, literacy, culture etc. Mary Kom is the brand ambassador of Manipur. Manipur has been hailed as a picturesque place and a place which gives India best sportsperson, but on the other hand when the government and the military spokesperson say that it is a disturbed area and there should be military rule without any accountability, it is not acceptable. AFSPA AFSPA is a colonial act to suppress the Indians in 1942. But, the Republic of India brought this act again and it was modified in a more brutal way where the army personnel are given unaccountable power. AFSPA dismantled the judiciary power because they have an act and hence, they have the ultimate power. It is a wrong way of putting that AFSPA is to counter the insurgency. When AFSPA was passed in 1958, there were issues in Nagaland but there was not any rival group as far as Manipur is concerned. However, the first PM said in 1956 that India needs to have a general policy for the people of north-east as they have been part of India in last six-eight years. An inference can be made out of it that Indian civilization of 5000 years is different from civilisation of north-east people and hence, there is a need of ‘military policy’ to administer them. This is what has happened in Naga issue. AFSPA is a short Act consisting only of 6 sections. This Act is necessary to give some basic powers to the armed forces to act against militants operating in the north-east and also to give them some basic protection against malicious prosecution. AFSPA gives power to the Central Government as well as Governors of the State Governments (where it is applicable) to declare areas affected by militancy, which are in disturbed or dangerous condition, as “disturbed areas”. The Act also confers special powers on the armed forces personnel operating in “disturbed areas” to search without warrant, as the operations against the militants call for surprise “attacks and searches” in places where heaps of arms are stocked. Process of getting warrants would alert the militants and would give the opportunity to change the venue. Points for AFSPA AFSPA is nothing but a mechanism which is sine qua non to the deployment of armed forces in disturbed areas to deal with internal security challenges. The only other option is to not to deploy the armed forces for dealing with these internal problems and let the regular police forces (which may be augmented with sufficient resources and manpower) deal with such situation. It is unimaginable to expect the armed forces to deal with internal security threats (which is not their primary duty, since their primary duty is to deal with the external threats) without having even the basic legal powers to deal with the insurgents, and the requisite minimum protection against false prosecution. Why AFSPA in Manipur? AFSPA was imposed in Manipur on September 8, 1980 to tackle the lawlessness created by four main insurgent groups through dacoity, ransom and killings. AFSPA was supposed to be a temporary measure. But it has been there for the last 35 years. Two generations have grown up under the presence of Army. It was supposed to only aid the democratic government in tackling law and order situation created by insurgent groups. However, it was argued by the government that AFSPA was still needed to maintain law and order as insurgency continued to thrive in the state given its porous international border. When AFSPA was imposed, there were four prominent insurgent groups, after 35 years, there were more than a dozen prominent insurgent groups in Manipur. However, it is argued that if AFSPA is removed, it doesn’t mean army cannot be deployed in Manipur. They can counter the insurgency, they can fire and kill the insurgents particularly in self-defence. But they can torture and murder innocent, non-violent and defenceless people and yet escape from any accountability under AFSPA is not done. This is what has been breeding the sense of alienation amongst the people of North-East as well as Kashmir. The main reason for their alienation is that they feel that they have been subjected to military occupation and that to without any accountability. Of course there is no absolute impunity in human rights violations. There is court martial where the decision is given very fast. But, the act is in hands of the army and without the sanction of the central government, there cannot be any investigation. So, army has power of execution and legislature and there will be no judiciary. Civil courts have no power to summon the army officers. Conclusion In a democratic country like India, and after almost 70 years of independence, no state or part of state should be under absolute military rule which is not accountable. Questions/Debates dodged till now need answers North east is not extensively covered by national media, hence its issues are not debated nationally. If such an act of fast had been carried out in other parts of India like Gujarat or Bihar, would it have still taken 16 years, and that too without any result? AFSPA has been since 1980. Even after 35 years, why it has not been able to remove the insurgency? What will happen if AFSPA will be removed from Manipur? Will the army anyway have all the powers to conduct their duty, except for no immunity against human rights violations? Connecting the dots: Irom Sharmila’s fight against AFSPA has not ended. Instead, it has taken a new beginning. Analyse the role of AFSPA and its validity. Refer: AFSPA and Supreme Court’s recent orders calling to account Security agencies, not politicians, to decide over AFSPA Manipur in ILPS turmoil The cause is AFSPA

Aug 22, 2016 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 22nd August, 2016

Archives   IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 22nd August, 2016   NATIONAL/SOCIAL   TOPIC: General Studies 1 Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India. Social empowerment General Studies 2 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections. Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.   Dalit Capitalism: Is it the Way to Emancipation? (Part-II) Summary of previous article [Dalit Capitalism: Is it the Way to Emancipation? (Part-I)] The NDA government, under Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has placed high bet on rapid industrialization and ‘Dalit Capitalism’ (Dalits engagement with capital) for the advancement of Dalits. Programmes and initiatives such as – Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana Venture Capital Fund scheme Stand Up India initiative has been tailored to support Dalits turn into capitalists, with an expectation that it could empower and emancipate Dalits. e. Engagement with capital, or what they call 'Dalit Capitalism', will make dalits better off and increase their economic well-being and make them less dependent on upper castes for employment. It aims to emancipate them from the shackles of poverty and as wage labourers of upper castes and intends to prepare them to become potential capitalists who in turn will employ other dalits. However, we tried to analyze in contrasting manner – “whether Dalit Capitalism is the best bet to emancipate Dalits”. There is a paradox situation – “whether Economic progress could guarantee a strong India or an emphasis on social justice was needed for everyone from Dalits to tribals”. We had analyzed Dalits relation with regard to caste and labour . Now we shall discuss about market and dalits. Market and Dalits Market gives rise to spontaneous identities. But markets, after all, exist within a societal context. Caste and community links play a role in various aspects of the Indian market, from securing capital to integration into supply chains. Certain individuals or groups having particular characteristics based on race, caste, gender and sexual orientation are treated differently and are denied opportunities to contribute efficiently to production. The neo-classical school of economics views ‘caste as a pre-modern social identity that discourages competition and believes the markets will undermine these stagnant identities which in turn will ensure equilibrium in the market’. The fundamental assumption that the market relies on is that every individual is 'rational' i.e. unbiased and without any prejudice while interacting or transacting with others and this enables equilibrium of highest level. However, in India this logic is quite different. In India, every individual carries his social identity such as caste first, and then identifies his counterparts consciously, based on 'caste consciousness', to transact business, in most cases. So the principle of rationality which forms the basis of market interactions is violated when it comes to productivity which does not reach its equilibrium, considered the marker of ideal functioning of any market. Capital, Caste and Accumulation Capital does not discriminate individuals along their identities; it is some individuals who (mostly from dominant groups in society), having accumulated capital over generations by exploiting labour and other means of production, that appropriate and acquire the dominant role in societies. Babasaheb had strongly believed that ‘acquiring and consolidating political power would be the first key to emancipate dalits from all forms of social odds’. But after the Mahaparinirvan of Babasaheb, dalits failed to consolidate their political power and split into many groups which reduced their political significance at the national level. It also provided opportunity for other political parties to appropriate Babasaheb and to assimilate dalits for narrow political gains. Access to capital is multi-layered and exclusionary Therefore, the access to capital for dalits is multi-layered and exclusionary in its nature. Dalits are largely dependent on various social assistance programmes of the government. For this assistance they are required to open accounts in banks now, and this is being portrayed as dalits' access to capital having improved. The additional layer of exclusion becomes evident when the dalit formally approaches these financial institutions to set up a business or an industrial venture and expresses his wish to start production with a view to generate surplus. These institutions are dominated by upper castes and perceive dalits as incapable of doing business. They even go to the extent of demoralizing the budding entrepreneur and create multiple constraints for the dalit person to access credit. In contrast, upper castes enjoy privileged social or business networks which are established over a long period of time and thus easily access the capital required in pursuit of surplus. For instance, The Modi government has bet on Dalit empowerment via the market in the form of its Stand Up India initiative, launched earlier this year. Stand Up India initiative — is a scheme for encouraging greenfield enterprises by SC/ST and female entrepreneurs by facilitating bank loans between Rs.10 lakh and Rs.1 crore, along with supplementary measures. Will these banks dominated by upper castes and who perceive dalits as incapable of doing business front up to provide loans, what they essentially consider as risk capital? Leaving apart the social stigmatization, are banks really ready to provide loans when they are already facing problems such as NPAs? As a result of this, dalits tend to remain behind, both at the group level and the individual level, which in turn diminishes human capital, constrains effort. This cumulative disadvantage produced through several processes of exclusion forces dalits into further marginalisation and discourages their desire to become a part of the system. Therefore, can Dalit Capitalism be a Possible Solution? The defense of dalit capitalism rests on viewing dalits as employers not employees - this is based on the assumption that it will provide equal opportunities and space for prosperity for dalits. Capitalism by its nature tends to undermine efforts to address the larger social question of equal access to market and non-market systems. It systematically sets the rules of social relations between different groups in society and reproduces hierarchy based on material wealth. This system primarily focuses on individual gains and privileges the notion of 'private' at the cost of larger social gains. Endorsement of the capitalist system can be a great risk for a majority of dalits and it has bigger costs than benefits for the larger dalit community. Social democracy must be a precondition for capitalism to exist. In the absence of social democracy, imagining 'Dalit capitalism' would mean compromising on larger struggles for social emancipation initiated by our great leaders. Connecting the dots: Which is the best possible bet to emancipate Dalits in India – government policies focusing on Dalit capitalism or focus on social assistance programmes? Critically analyze. The neo-classical school of economics views ‘caste as a pre-modern social identity that discourages competition and believes the markets will undermine these stagnant identities which in turn will ensure equilibrium in the market’. Critically comment. What do you understand by Dalit Capitalism? Can Dalit capitalism empower the community? Critically discuss. Dalit entrepreneurs in India often face hurdles and discrimination. What hurdles are faced by them and how can government help them overcome these hurdles? Discuss. Refer: Dalit Capitalism: Is it the Way to Emancipation? (Part-I) Mind-Map The promise of Dalit capitalism Miles to go for Dalit entrepreneurs Death of a Dalit scholar: Ancient Prejudice, Modern Inequality All India Radio- DALIT EMPOWERMENT THROUGH EDUCATION NATIONAL   TOPIC: General Studies 2 Separation of powers between various organs , dispute redressal mechanisms and institution Structure, organization and functioning of Executive and Judiciary   Ending the impasse The logjam between Supreme Court of India and Government of India on appointment of higher judiciary judges continues to hurt the regular judicial operations. The scrapping of NJAC brought the concept of Memorandum of Procedure back. However, it is also facing a standstill as SC and executive are not able to come to a decision. Result: 475 seats in the High Courts remain unoccupied Such an unprecedented level of vacancies has overloaded the judiciary beyond calculations. The collegium debate The collegium is of five senior-most Supreme Court judges. Collegium was formulated as means of appointing judges through SC judgements in 1993 and 1998. It provided for a consultative process between the executive and judiciary if the government would return for reconsideration a name sent by the collegium. However, the cardinal concept was that court had the final say in appointments of the judges The consultation methodology was contained in a Memorandum of Procedure (MoP) formulated in 1999. The NJAC war In April 2015, the government brought in the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) Act, after securing a unanimous vote for its passage in Parliament and some State Assemblies. This was seen as government’s efforts to break the judiciary’s monopoly. The selection committee included CJI and his two senior-most colleagues and three people from government- Union Law Minister and two “eminent persons” (in whose choice the judiciary had a minority voice). The NJAC was not considered as process of appointment inspite of several appointments pending. In October 2015, a five-judge constitutional Bench of the court held the NJAC to be unconstitutional The Bench then went on to invite public opinion on ways to improve the opaque collegium system of judicial appointments.   MoP was heeded The SC in its attempt to make the process more transparent and accountable, it co-opted with government to reformulate the MoP In December 2015, the government was permitted to formulate a revised MoP with certain points like Eligibility criteria Measures for transparency Establishment of a Secretariat Complaints mechanism The MoP is a few page document which required few weeks to cover all the revised points. However, it has been eight months now and it is yet to be finalised. The bone of contention If the government rejects a candidate on the ground of national security or public interest, then such rejection is binding on the court. This means that the executive will have the last word whenever this reason is invoked. The court is not willing to relent as it is against its judgement of supremacy of collegium The government was given the permission to draft the MoP. It took this opportunity to sit at par with judiciary at the deciding table and also exclude judiciary in name of national security or public interest. The existing MoP does not deal with the “last word” issue as judiciary was the sole appointer This has led the government to bring into foray its executive reach. The government is invoking principle of national security and public interest in a matter of appointment judges recommended by the Apex Court of India.   The government’s position The government believes that it has no role in stalling the judicial appointments It pointed out that NJAC was already in place on December 2014 after ratification by at least 20 States and on receiving Presidential assent. At this point the NJAC had replaced the Collegium because the Supreme Court had never stayed the new law. The government had even started the process of appointment of two eminent jurists into the Commission. But the efforts were cut short when the then Chief Justice H.L. Dattu refused to be part of a high-level committee, including Prime Minister Narendra Modi, in order to select two eminent persons for the NJAC According to government, it made an attempt in January 2016 to initiate to “re-start” the judicial appointments process by urging the CJI to immediately resume filling judicial vacancies and not wait till MoP for appointment of judges was drafted by the government and finalised in consultation with the judges. New MoP draft As per government, it has been judicially directed to re-draw the MoP to widen the zone of consideration, make it more broad-based and usher in transparency In order to implement the “widen the zone of consideration” direction, latest MoP draft wants all Supreme Court and High Court judges to be able to recommend names to their respective collegiums. Chief Ministers should have right to recommend names to the respective High Court collegiums Include top law officers of the Centre and the States. Attorney General should be allowed to recommend the names of judges to the Supreme Court at the Centre and Advocate-General of States to their respective State High Courts. It has a mechanism for an elaborate vetting process of names recommended for High Court judgeship through appraisal committees The appraisal committees to be made up of sitting or retired judges, jurists and academicians. The appointments to these appraisal committees would be made by the Chief Justice of the High Court These High Court committees would screen the names of the candidates, their backgrounds and the number of cases they have argued as lawyers etc. before forwarding them to the High Court collegium. Once the High Court collegium clears certain names, they would be sent to a similar appraisal committee at the Supreme Court. This apex-level committee would again sift through the names before they are finally referred to the SC collegium. According to government, the two-fold vetting process – one by the respective High Court appraisal committee and then by the Supreme Court committee – would ensure transparency in judicial appointments. The draft asks the judiciary to fix an age for High Court judgeship and make it “non-flexible.” The mechanism for redressing complaints against judges to remain within the judiciary. The draft is currently with CJI and awaiting the judges’ approval.   Government statistics: MoP has never delayed the judicial appointments process. 52 judicial appointments to various High Courts have already been made till August 2016. 10 additional High Court judges have been confirmed. 4 SC judges have been appointed and 9 HC Chief Justices have been confirmed. There has been 28 transfers of High Court judges. Names of 250 judges are in various stages of being cleared for appointment as High Court judges.   Conclusion The CJI has been vocal in appeals, remonstrations and rebukes but it does not seem to have desired effect. The impasse between judiciary and government cannot go on indefinitely. The issue has to be dealt directly Attorney General can take the lead in meeting both sides, formulating and reformulating proposals. The Law Minister can engage with the judges. The Prime Minister forwards the olive branch to invite the Chief Justice and senior judges for a discussion. The President can take proactive role in bringing heads of two institutions together If all the methods once tried and not unsuccessful or not tried, the SC can consider recalling its order permitting the government to draft the revised MoP and undertake the task itself. Connecting the dots: Constant struggle between judiciary and executive is enhancing the public woes who demand justice. Critically evaluate the problems faced by common man due to elite tussle.   Refer: The Big Picture – Vacancies and Pending Cases in Courts: What’s The Solution? MUST READ Recording each vote Hindu   Challenges before Urjit Patel Hindu   Syria’s continuing human tragedy Hindu   Whatever did we do with reforms? Hindu Related articles: How reforms killed Indian manufacturing? It never trickles down Navigating the fourth industrial revolution   Improving access to DOTS is crucial Hindu   A state-of-the-art oceanographic and fishery research vessel takes shape Hindu   New species of eel found in Bay of Bengal Hindu   New evidence for northern movement of eastern Himalayan syntaxis Hindu   Boost for mental care Hindu   What is a quantum satellite? Hindu   Made-in-India leprosy vaccine to be launched Hindu   Paradox of plenty Indian Express   Resolute at last Indian Express   Union Budget may be advanced by a month to 31 January Livemint   CAG tells rural development ministry to review systemic flaws in PMGSY Livemint   China’s painful structural changes Livemint   Creating space for financial services Livemint   Anti-trafficking bill raises hopes and some fears Livemint   GST regime should tax cigarettes more Business Line   Green shoots sighted in farm sector growth Business Line

Aug 22, 2016 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

IASbaba Daily Current Affairs Quiz [Day 1]

Q.1) Recently, National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA) revised the prices of HIV, asthma, malaria drugs. Consider the following statements with respect to NPPA. NPPA is under the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution It recovers amounts overcharged by manufacturers for the controlled drugs from the consumers It was established under the Drugs (Prices Control) Order, 1995 Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1 and 2 2 and 3 Only 2 All of the above Q.2) India ranks a low 39th in terms of fixed broadband adoption among Asia Pacific countries according to the report ‘State of ICT in Asia and the Pacific 2016: Uncovering the Widening Broadband Divide’. Consider the following statements with respect to the report. The report is released by Internet Governance Forum (IGF) The subscriptions per 100 inhabitants in the ESCAP region are ahead of Latin America and the Caribbean countries but far lower than Europe and North America Which of the following statements are correct? Only 1 Only 2 Both 1 and 2 None Q.3) Consider the following statements with respect to Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) India and Pakistan are members of the OIC OIC regard parts of Kashmir as “occupied by India” It is headquartered at Abu Dhabi, UAE Which of the following statements is/are incorrect? Only 1 1 and 2 1 and 3 None of the above Q.4) This project has employed cutting-edge technology enabling people to experience the virtual reality and the real world together. Identify the ‘device’ that is being used by the project to experience this Merged Reality — Project Silver Project Loon Project Alloy Project Reality Q.5) Consider the following statements regarding Kala-Azar Kala-azar belongs to the Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) It persists under the conditions of poverty and are concentrated exclusively in the developing world It is a parasitic disease transmitted by the aeges agypties mosquitos Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1 and 2 only 1 and 3 only 2 and 3 only All of the above Download the Solution- Click here All the best IASbaba

Aug 21, 2016 Motivational Articles

Creative Guidance – Handling Rejections – Inspirational & Educative Articles

Handling Rejections: Life is not all bed of roses. You have to face discouragement, rejection and ridicule at every step of the way; especially if your vision is too grand for others to understand. You would know this if you have ever tried to communicate your vision and ideas to those who do not understand. If you go back and read the pages of the book of success of anybody in history, almost every alternative page will have a story of how they were ridiculed and rejected. Rejection is not a once in a while phenomenon on the path of success; it is almost as certain as the mile stones you find on your journey. There is very little success for the one who has not identified the fact that rejection is common and he has to accept it as a part of his experience of life. Rejection is one of the most important reasons why people give up. If only one can understand rejection and make it a part of their lives, success is never too far away. So what is rejection? How do we overcome it? Rejection in the most simplistic sense is just a difference of opinion. If someone has rejected your way of life, it simply means that they have a different opinion. Rejection almost always comes in the form of disagreement. When two people disagree, it means that they have rejected the possibility of accepting each other’s opinions. Maturity gained through experience will teach you that each and every person is an island of separate ideas, visions and opinions. There is nothing to be surprised about if someone rejects your ideas, in fact you should be surprised if someone readily agrees to everything you say. A person is a collection of everything he has experienced in his life. What he has experienced is all he knows and that is all he can firmly believe in. It takes a lot of maturity to understand that each person is different and they are entitled to their own opinion, even if it means rejection. This is where people of great vision spend enormous amounts of time communicating their visions and ideas when they are working with people. Leaders don’t simply push people to action; they share their vision to make it a part of everybody’s reality. Great visionaries and leaders know that unless their ideas are expressed clearly they will face nothing but rejection. So if you are faced with a rejection, know that there is nothing extraordinarily significant about it. It simply means that you have not spent enough time communicating your ideas; there is just a difference of opinion, that’s all. All these also apply to you. When you have not communicated your ideas, visions and way of life to yourself clearly; you will constantly be fighting with yourself. Anyway, it is infinitely better to be rejected by someone else than by yourself! “The articles are a copyright of The Ahamo Movement and IASBABA.” Read more such articles– Click Here