IASbaba's Flagship Course: Integrated Learning Programme (ILP) - 2024  Read Details

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[Day 37]: UPSC PRELIMS 2021- Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series

Highlights/Features of Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series:  It is a FREE initiative! Program Duration - 120 Days (31st May, 2021 to 27th September, 2021). 1. Dedicated Portal for Focused Preparation There will be a separate dedicated portal to help you stay focused and keep your preparation streamlined for the next 120 Days. The Registration link for the dedicated portal is given at the end of the post. 2. 120 Days Integrated (Prelims + Mains) Time Table This year’s RaRe Series will include Integrated Revision Plan (IRP) where we will be syncing your mains and prelims syllabus together over next 120 Days. The Revision Plan is designed by integrating IASbaba's famous flagship initiatives - 60 Day Plan and TLP Mains Answer Writing. 3. Daily RaRe Series (RRS) Videos on High Probable Topics (Monday - Friday) In video discussions, special focus is given to topics which have high probability to appear in UPSC Prelims Question Paper. Each session will be of 20 mins to 30 mins, which would cover rapid revision of 10 high probable topics (both static and current affairs) important for Prelims Exam this year according to the schedule. 4. Daily Prelims MCQs from Static (Monday - Friday) Daily Static Quiz will cover all the topics of static subjects – Polity, History, Geography, Economics, Environment and Science and technology. 10 questions will be posted daily and these questions are framed from the topics mentioned in the schedule and in the RaRe videos. It will ensure timely and streamlined revision of your static subjects. Note: Should be integrated with the 60 Days Plan 2021. This will expose you to diverse questions from the same topics. 5. Daily Current Affairs MCQs (Monday - Saturday) Daily 5 Current Affairs questions, based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, would be published from Monday to Saturday. Note: Current Affairs questions covered in the 60 Days Plan and Daily Quiz Monthly Compilations should be covered retrospectively. 6. Daily CSAT Quiz (Monday - Friday) CSAT has been an achilles heel for many aspirants. Daily 5 CSAT Questions will be published. 7. Daily Mains Answer Writing (Monday - Friday) GS Mains will be covered along with Prelims in an integrated manner. Daily three Mains questions will be covered syllabus-wise according to the topics mentioned in the schedule. In total, it covers 250+ Mains Questions along with synopsis. 8. Brainstorming on Ethics & Essay (BEE) (Saturday & Sunday) Each week, Sunil Oberoi Sir (Retd. IAS) will take 3 sessions, two for Essay and one for Ethics. The two sessions earmarked for Essay will have a topic-based discussion where he will discuss the approach to write issue-based and philosophical essays. The topics will be picked from previous year question papers of UPSC and TLP initiative of IASbaba. 9. Full Mocks 3 GS Paper 1 Full Mocks will be provided along the lines of UPSC Prelims. 3 CSAT Paper 2 Full Mocks will be provided so that you are not overwhelmed during the D-Day. 10. Rapid Revision (RaRe) Notes Right material plays important role in clearing the exam and Rapid Revision (RaRe) Notes will have Prelims specific subject-wise refined notes. The main objective is to help students revise most important topics and that too within a very short limited time frame. Day-37 of RaRe Series - Click here To Register - Click here For complete details of the RaRe Series -  Click here

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 6th July 2021

Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) CoWIN Platform Part of: GS Prelims and GS -II - International relations; Health and GS-III - Technology In news: The Indian Prime Minister recently addressed the CoWin Global Conclave where India offered the CoWIN platform as a digital public good to the world to combat COVID19. What is CoWIN? CoWIN (Covid Vaccine Intelligence Work) is the Indian government’s web portal to register for COVID-19 vaccination. It displays slots of COVID-19 vaccine available in the nearby areas and can be booked on the website. It is a secure and trustworthy proof helped people establish when, where and by whom they had been vaccinated. In totality, CoWIN is a cloud-based IT solution for planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of Covid-19 vaccination in India.  This allows the system to monitor the utilisation, wastage, coverage of Covid-19 vaccination at national, state, district and sub-district level. CoWIN system tracks on a real time basis the vaccination drive in India. The portal also provides vaccination certificates in digital format CoWIN is essentially an extension of eVIN (Electronic Vaccine Intelligence Network).  Do you know? CoWIN has become the fastest tech platform in the world to amass over 200 million registrations in a record four months, and then 300 million registrations in a mere five months. What are highlights of the recent PM address? The decision to make CoWIN platform open source and offer it  as a digital public good was guided by the approach of ‘One Earth, One Health’. It is also a part of CoWIN Global Outreach Programme The software is customizable as per the local requirements of the interested countries. More than 50 countries including Nigeria, Canada and Mexico have shown interest in CoWIN platform Source: TH AYUSH sector Part of: GS Prelims and GS -II - Health In News: The Minister of AYUSH launched Important Portals in the Ayush sector. What are the launched portals? E-Medha (electronic Medical Heritage Accession) Portal Online public access catalog for more than 12000 Indian medical heritage books through NIC’s e-granthalaya platform. AMAR (Ayush Manuscripts Advanced Repository) Portal It has digitized information on rare and hard to find Manuscripts and catalogues of Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Sowa Rigpa in libraries or in individual collections across India or in other parts of the world. SHAI (Showcase of Ayurveda Historical Imprints) Portals This portal showcases inscriptions, Archeo-botanical Information, Sculptures, Philological sources and advanced Archeo Genetic studies.  This portal will be of tremendous use in understanding of Indian Knowledge system with a focus on indigenous health care practices. CCRAS-Research Management Information System (RMIS) A collaborative effort of Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences(CCRAS), this portal will be a one stop solution for Research and Development in Ayurveda based studies. Source: PIB National Mission for Clean Ganga Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II - Policies and interventions In news A policy document from the National Mission for Clean Ganga has instructed Cities situated on river banks to incorporate river conservation plans when they prepare their Master Plans. The recommendations are currently for towns that are on the main stem of the Ganga. There are 97 towns encompassing five States — Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal. Some of the norms emphasised in the policy document are Clarifying land ownership issue, restrictions on the Floor Area Ratio, increasing green cover in the vicinity of the river by creating green buffers, removing concrete structures and employing green infrastructure. Facilitating the use of state-of-the-art technologies for river management - Satellite-based monitoring of water quality; Big data for river-health monitoring and Drones & AI for riverine biodiversity & floodplain mapping.  What is the National Mission for Clean Ganga(NMCG)?   The National Ganga Council, also known as the National Council for Rejuvenation, Protection, and Management of River Ganga was set up in 2016. It replaced the National River Ganga Basin Authority (NRGBA). NGRBA was constituted under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act (EPA),1986.  The National Ganga Council, chaired by Prime Minister, has been given overall responsibility for the superintendence of pollution prevention and rejuvenation of River Ganga Basin, including Ganga and its tributaries. National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) is the implementation arm of national Ganga Council.  NMCG is registered as a society in 2011 under the Societies Registration Act 1860. The aims and objectives of NMCG are: To ensure effective control of pollution and rejuvenation of the river Ganga by adopting a river basin approach to promote inter-sectoral coordination for comprehensive planning and management. To maintain minimum ecological flows in the river Ganga with the aim of ensuring water quality and environmentally sustainable development. Source: TH UDISE+ 2019-20 Report Part of: GS Prelims and GS -II - Education In news Recently, the Union Education Minister released the Report on United Information System for Education Plus (UDISE+) 2019-20 for School Education in India. What are the key findings of the Report (2019-20)? Total Student Strength Pre-primary to Higher secondary Total Student Strength in this category has crosses 26.45 crore This is higher by 42.3 lakh compared to 2018-19. Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) GER at all levels of school education has improved in 2019 20 compared to 2018-19 Upper Primary level- 89.7% (earlier 87.7%) Elementary Level- 97.8% (earlier 96.1%) Secondary Level - 77.9% (earlier 76.9%)  Higher Secondary Level- 51.4% (earlier 50.1%)  Earlier = 2018-19 data Teacher Strength In 2019-20, 96.87 lakh teachers have been engaged in school education.  This is higher by about 2.57 lakh compared to 2018-19. Pupil Teacher Ratio (PTR)  PTR has improved at all levels of school education. PTR for primary is 26.5 (earlier 2012-13) PTR for upper primary is 18.5 (earlier 2012-13) PTR for secondary is 18.5 (earlier 2012-13) PTR for higher secondary is 26.1 (earlier 39.2) Earlier = 2012-13 data Enrolment of girls In 2019-20, enrolment of girls from primary to higher secondary is more than 12.08 crore. This is an increase by 14.08 lakh compared to 2018-19. GER of girls in 2019-20 at  Upper Primary level is 90.5% (from 88.5%),  Elementary Level in 98.7% (from 96.7%) Secondary Level 77.8% (from 76.9%)  Higher Secondary Level is 52.4% (from 50.8%) (from 2018-19). Inclusivity Enrolment of Divyang students has increased by 6.52% over 2018-19. Between 2012-13 and 2019-20, the Gender Parity Index (GPI) at both Secondary and Higher Secondary levels have improved Infrastructural Facilities More than 80% (schools in India in 2019-20 had functional electricity (73% in 2018-19)  Number of schools having functional computers increased to 5.2 lakh in 2019-20 from 4.7 lakh in 2018-19. Number of schools having internet facility increased to 3.36 lakh in 2019-20 from 2.9 lakh in 2018-19. More than 90% schools in India had handwash facility in 2019-20 (only 36.3% in 2012-13) More than 84% schools in India had a library/reading room/ reading corner in 2019-20, an improvement of nearly 4% compared to the previous year What are Some Important Government Initiatives for promoting Education? New National Education Policy (NEP), 2020. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan. Mid Day Meal Scheme. Right To Education (RTE) Act, 2009. Beti Bachao Beti Padhao. Source: PIB Fly Ash Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II - Policies and interventions and GS III - Conservation In news  National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) Limited has invited Expression of Interest (EOI) for sale of fly ash, in its endeavour to achieve 100% utilization of fly ash, from the designated plants of the Middle East and other regions. What is Fly Ash? Fly Ash is a byproduct from burning of coal in the thermal power generation. It is called fly ash because it is transported from the combustion chamber by exhaust gases. Composition: silicon dioxide (SiO2), aluminium oxide (Al2O3), ferric oxide (Fe2O3) and calcium oxide (CaO). Uses: In concrete and cement products, road base, metal recovery, and mineral filler among others. Harmful Effects: Toxic air pollutants which can trigger heart disease, cancer, respiratory diseases and stroke. When combined with water they cause leaching of heavy metals in ground water. Affects the root development system of trees. What is Fly Ash Utilisation Policy? To promote the use of Fly Ash bricks in building construction, NTPC has set up Fly Ash brick manufacturing Plants at its Coal based Thermal Power Plants. Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban) has focused on new construction technologies such as using fly ash bricks that are innovative, and environmentally friendly. Maharashtra was the first state to adopt the Fly Ash utilization policy. A web portal for monitoring of fly ash generation and utilization and a mobile based application titled “ASHTRACK” has been launched by the Government. GST rates on fly ash and its products have been reduced to 5%. Pic courtesy: Researchgate Source: PIB Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) Part of: GS Prelims and GS III - Economy In News: Survey-based June PMI for services sector shows second successive contraction at 41.2 What is PMI? It is a survey-based measure that asks the respondents about changes in their perception about key business variables as compared with the previous month. It is calculated separately for the manufacturing and services sectors and then a composite index is constructed.  The PMI is a number from 0 to 100.  PMI above 50 represents an expansion when compared to the previous month; PMI under 50 represents a contraction, and A reading at 50 indicates no change. f PMI of the previous month is higher than the PMI of the current month (as is the case mentioned above), it represents that the economy is contracting. The PMI is usually released at the start of every month. It is, therefore, considered a good leading indicator of economic activity. Also, since the official data on industrial output, manufacturing and GDP growth comes much later, PMI helps to make informed decisions at an earlier stage. PMI provides information about current and future business conditions to company decision-makers, analysts, and investors.  (Mains Focus) INTERNATIONAL/ ECONOMY Topic: GS-2: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.  Crafting a unique partnership with Africa Context: Critical to its foreign policy matrix, New Delhi’s engagement with the African continent has been multifaceted. India should prioritise and channel resources into augmenting its partnership with Africa in agriculture sector because: Unexplored Potential: 65% of the world’s uncultivated arable land is in African continent that provides huge potential for India to collaborate in Agricultural sector through supply of machinery, acquisition of farmlands, institutional & Individual capacity building etc. Centrality to global food security: As Nations across the world faces dangers of declining agricultural productivity in the wake of Climate Change, Africa’s underdeveloped agriculture sector is a ray of hope for global food security. Business prospects: Indian farmers have purchased over 6,00,000 hectares of land for commercial farming in Africa, which has scope for further investment. Also, Africa provides golden opportunity for Indian entrepreneurs in agri-tech sector (the sector enjoyed a 110% growth between 2016 and 2018) Countering China: India’s engagement in Africa’s agriculture sector provides credible alternatives to the increasing involvement of Chinese stakeholders in the sector. Analysing Chinese engagement Biggest Economic Partner: China is among Africa’s largest trading partners. It is also Africa’s single biggest creditor. Its corporations dominate the region’s infrastructure market and are now entering the agri-infra sector. Primary Drivers for China’s engagement with Africa: Access to Africa’s natural resources, its untapped markets and support for ‘One China Policy’ are primary drivers of Chinese engagement with the region. Relocation Site for Chinese Firms: Chinese-built industrial parks and economic zones in Africa are attracting low-cost, labour-intensive manufacturing units that are relocating from China (as labour costs are increasing in China impacts the competitiveness of Chinese goods) Learning Experience: Chinese operations in Africa are important to accumulate global experience in management, risk and capital investments.  Building Brand China: Chinese are willing to overlook short-term profits in order to build ‘brand China’, but they want to dominate the market in the long term, which includes pushing Chinese standards in host countries.  Alternate to traditional western powers: Beijing’s model, if successful in Africa, could be heralded as a replica for the larger global south. This will catapult China as leader of Global South weaning thee countries away from their dependence on USA. Evolving Engagement in Africa’s agricultural landscape: Chinese firms are introducing agri-tech (drones), setting up Technology Demonstration centres (TDC), collaboration with locals on developing new crop varieties, skill training, ecological parks etc What mistakes Chinese are committing in Africa which India should avoid repeating it? Growing, insular Chinese diaspora in Africa Lopsided trade Looming debt Competition with local businesses  Chinese and African experts working in Agricultural TDCs are operating in silos leading to ineffective outcomes Technology taught in China is not available locally. Inability to implement lessons learnt due to the absence of supporting resources.  Aggravating socio-cultural stresses due to larger commercial farms being run by Mandarin-speaking managers and the presence of small-scale Chinese farmers in local markets. Way Ahead for India While India’s Africa strategy exists independently, it is important to be cognisant of China’s increasing footprint in the region. Prominent African voices have emphasised that their own agency is often overlooked in global discourse on the subject. India’s engagement should not lead to dilution of African agency. India’s stand that the development partnership has to be in line with African priorities should be continued & should be showcased as an alternative to Chinese Model (Chinese priorities overtake Africa’s priorities)  Connecting the dots: Pandemic in Africa and opportunity for India India-Africa Relationship Asia-Africa growth Corridor ECONOMY/ INTERNATIONAL/ GOVERNANCE Topic: GS-3: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.  GS-2: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests OPEC’s output pact proposal Definition: The latest round of meetings among the OPEC+ group of oil-exporting countries has stalled as the UAE has pushed back proposals making an increase in crude oil supply conditional on an extension to an output agreement.  What is the background? Low Oil Prices in wake of Pandemic-induced global slowdown: The price of Brent crude hit an 18-year low of under $20 per barrel in April 2020 as economic activity around the world crashed as countries dealt with the pandemic.  Production Cut to boost Prices: As a result, OPEC+ group of countries had, in April 2020, entered into a two-year agreement, which entailed steep cuts in crude production (reduction in supply leads to increase in prices) Subsequently in November 2020, the price of Brent crude started climbing and has, now, risen to $76.5 per barrel —buoyed by the steady rollout of vaccination programmes around the world. Continuance with Production Cut: OPEC+, however, maintained lower levels of production despite crude oil prices reaching pre-Covid levels, with Saudi Arabia, notably, announcing a further cut in production of 1 million barrels per day for the February-to-April 2021, which helped boost rising prices even further Criticism on rising Oil Prices: The OPEC+ group ran into sharp criticism from developing economies, including India, for deliberately maintaining low supply levels to raise prices. This was in turn slowing down the economic recovery of countries post the pandemic. Gradual Increase in Oil Production: Amidst the growing criticism, OPEC+, in April 2021, agreed to gradually increase crude production as prices reached $64.5 per barrel. What is the issue? UAE agreed that there was a need to increase crude oil production from August, but did not agree to a condition by the OPEC Joint Ministerial Monitoring Committee (JMMC) that the two-year production agreement be extended by six months. The UAE’s key objection to the existing agreement is the reference output used to calculate the total production apportioned (allotted) to each oil-exporting country. The UAE noted that the baseline production level reference used in the current agreement was not reflective of the UAE’s production capacity and, therefore, led to the UAE being apportioned a lower share of total production of crude oil. How will this impact India? If the UAE and other OPEC+ nations do not reach an agreement to increase production in August, expected relief in the form of lower crude oil prices could be delayed.  India is currently facing record-high prices of petrol and diesel (near to Rs 100/ltr). If oil prices do not come down, petrol/diesel prices will further increase which in turn will lead to inflation hampering economic recovery (as purchasing capacity lowers) Connecting the dots: Oil Price Rise 2020 Oil Market meltdown India’s GDP fall (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Comments Up-voted by IASbaba are also the “correct answers”. Q.1 Consider the following statements about National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) It acts as implementation arm of National Council for Rejuvenation, Protection and Management of River Ganga National Ganga Council is under the chairmanship of Prime Minister of India Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2 Consider the following statements regarding new portals launched by Ministry of Ayush: E-Medha Portal is an Online public access catalog for more than 12000 Indian medical heritage books through NIC’s e-granthalaya platform. AMAR Portal has digitized information on rare and hard to find Manuscripts and catalogues of Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Sowa Rigpa in libraries or in individual collections across India or in other parts of the world. Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.3 Which of the following is not a Harmful Effect of Fly Ash: Toxic air pollutants  Leaching of heavy metals  Affects the root development system of trees None of the above ANSWERS FOR 5th July 2021 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 C 2 D 3 A Must Read On All India Judicial Services: The Hindu On Nationalism in India and China: Indian Express On Zoonotic diseases: Hindustan Times

SYNOPSIS [5th JULY,2021] Day 126: IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 1): UPSC Mains Answer Writing (General Studies)

For Previous TLP (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE   SYNOPSIS [5th JULY,2021] Day 126: IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 1): UPSC Mains Answer Writing (General Studies)   1. What status was the environment accorded during the Vedic period? How do Vedic symbols encapsulate the spirit of environment? Discuss.   Approach  First in Introduction give a brief introduction of Vedic period and then contextualise the environment part to it as its demand of question.In body part address both the demands of status of environment and symbols representing the role of environment.In conclusion with the summary try to contextualise to the current times for better impact. Introduction The Vedic Age was between 1500 BC and 600 BC. This is the next major civilization that occurred in ancient India after the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization by 1400 BC. The Vedas were composed in this period and this gives this age the name. Further the Vedas have several references in them on environmental protection, ecological balance, weather cycles, rainfall phenomena, hydrologic cycle, and related subjects that directly indicate the high level of awareness of the seers and people of that time. Body Status of Environment Ancient treasures of vast knowledge reveal a full cognizance of the undesirable effects of environmental degradation, whether caused by natural factors or human activities.  The protection of the environment was understood to be closely related to the protection of the dyaus or heavens and prithvi or earth. Between these two lies the atmosphere and the environment that we refer to as the paryavaran.  Many of the Rig Vedic hymns therefore vividly describe the Dyava Prithvi that is, they describe Heaven and Earth together.  The Rig Veda venerates deities like Mitra, Varuna, Indra, Maruts and Aditya, that are responsible for maintaining the requisite balance in the functioning of all entities of Nature whether the mountains, lakes, heaven and earth, the forests or the waters.  Seers recognised that changes caused due to indiscreet human activities could result in imbalances in seasons, rainfall patterns, crops and atmosphere and degrade the quality of water, air, and earth resources.  There are many hymns seeking the blessings of the five basic gross elements or the pancha mahabhoota of Nature: akashor firmament, vayu or air, agni, tejas or fire, apah or water, and prithvi or earth. People were careful to refrain from activities that could cause harm to Nature's bounties. It was understood that the well-being of Mother Earth depended on the preservation and sustenance of the environment.  The Rig Veda makes a clear reference to the presence of a protective layer which we know now to be the ozone layer that filters the harmful rays of the sun and protects the earth and praises the radiation that enters the atmosphere that is responsible for the health of the environment. Therefore the Vedic society which was nature worshiping society as they were in awe of day to day phenomena of seasonal changes , the moon and the sun.This led them to name various forces of nature as gods and goddesses.This system of worship is still followed in many parts of India. Following symbols summarize the importance of spirit of Environment: Concept of Panch mahabhootas: The universe consists of five basic elements viz. earth or land, water, light or lustre, air and ether. The nature has maintained a status of balance between and among these constituents or elements and living creatures. Divinity to Nature: Vedic Gods and Goddesses conceptualized from the natural elements of Environment. E.g. Vayudev (AIr), Varundev (Rain). They used to perform various yadnyas (religious activities) and sacrifices to please natural forces.    Concept of Water as Apah and Air as Vayu: According to Rig-Veda the water and air is essential to all forms of life. Their curious nature towards Environment helped them to identify certain plants as Osdhadhi i.e. medicinal plants. Their belief in ‘Sacred groves’ indicate protective attitude towards forest ecosystem. The protection of the environment was understood to be closely related to the protection of the dyaus or heavens and prithvi or earth. Between these two lies the atmosphere and the environment that we refer to as the paryavaran. Many of the Rig Vedic hymns therefore vividly describe the Dyava Prithvi i.e. Heaven and Earth together. Conclusion People of Vedic times considered every stakeholder in the environment as sacred. Their belief of God as creator of everything added dimension of purity to their approach towards environment. Way of life in those times itself was in harmony with environment which automatically helped in preservation and conservation.Therefore the present society in India and world can emulate the sustainable practices of Vedic period which can help them to live with harmony with nature.  2. Examine the advancements made in the fields of urban planning and architecture during the Indus Valley Civilisation. Where do we find the marvellous examples of Indus Valley cities and architecture?  Approach  It’s a question based on basic topic of Indus valley civilisation.In this the candidate can start with brief introduction of Indus valley civilisation and urban nature of its planning.In next part write in detail major features of the urban planning and architecture.In next part write some examples of these to substantiate.In conclusion write a summary based and contextual conclusion. Introduction The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Indus Civilisation, was a Bronze Age civilisation in the northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in its mature form from 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE.It is the oldest urban culture excavated in Indian subcontinent as of now. Archeological excavations at various places such as Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro and Rakhigarhi indicate planned city settlements with several elements of uniformity in all Indus valley civilisation sites. Body Advances made in the fields of urban planning and architecture: 1. Streets and Roads The streets were straight and cut each other at right angles. They were 13 to 34 feet wide and were well lined. The streets and roads divided the city into rectangular blocks.  Archaeologists have discovered the lamp posts at intervals. This suggests the existence of street lights. Dustbins were also provided on the streets. These prove the presence of good municipal administration. 2. Drainage System  One of the most remarkable features of the Indus valley civilization is that the city was provided with an excellent closed drainage system.  Each house had its own drainage and soak pit which was connected to the public drainage. Brick laid channels flowed through every street. They were covered and had manholes at intervals for cleaning and clearing purposes. Large brick culverts with corbelled roofs were constructed on the outskirts of the city to carry excess water.  Thus Indus people had a perfect underground drainage system. No other contemporary civilization gave so much attention to cleanliness. 3. The Great Bath The most striking feature in Mohenjodaro is the Great Bath. It consists of a large quadrangle. In the centre, there is a huge swimming pool (approximately 39 ft long, 23 ft wide and 8ft deep) with the remains of galleries and rooms on all four sides.  It has a flight of steps at either end and is fed by a well, situated in one of the adjoining rooms. The water was discharged by a huge drain with corbelled roof more than 6 ft in depth. The Great bath had 8 ft thick outer walls. This solid construction has successfully withstood the natural ravages for 5000 years. There were arrangements for hot water bath in some rooms. 4. Granaries The largest building in Mohenjodaro is granary which is 45.71 mtrs long and 15.23 mtrs wide. In Harappa there are a series of brick platforms which formed the base for two rows of 6 granaries each.  In the Southern part of Kalibangan brick platforms have also been found. These granaries safely stored the grains, which were probably collected as revenue or store houses to be used in emergencies. 5. Buildings People of Indus valley civilization built houses and other buildings by the side of roads. They built terraced houses of burnt bricks. Every house had two or more rooms. There were also more than one storied houses.  The houses were designed around an inner courtyard and contained pillared halls, bath rooms, paved floors, kitchen, well etc. Besides residential quarters, elaborate structures have also been found.  One of these buildings has got the biggest hall measuring 80 ft long and 80 ft wide. It might have been a palace, or temple or hall for holding meetings. The workmen quarters are also found.  There was an excellent system of water supply. There were public wells by the side of streets. Every big house had its own well. They also built a dockyard at Lothal. 6. Dockyards There was a dockyard built in Lothal.It was supposed to be mean as an inland port for the ships which were a feature of urban trade and economy of the period  Marvellous examples of Indus Valley cities and Architecture: Harappa: It is on the banks of Ravi River. Trade routes towards Afghanistan                    used to pass located in the Punjab province of Pakistan. There are two rows of six granaries with big platform found in Harappa. Mohenjo-Daro: It’s on the banks of Indus River. It’s one of the largest harappan site. Great bath and great granary found here. Rakhigarhi: It’s located in Haryana. Recent excavations made it the largest harappan site excavated till today. Dholavira: It’s located in Kutch region of Gujarat. Giant water reservoir, unique water harnessing system with dams and embankments, stadium located here. Lothal: It’s located in gulf of khambat. Finding of dockyard and terracotta model of ship indicate Lothal used to be port city for sea trade. Conclusion This Indus valley civilisation had all the features of near to modern town planning and scientific thrust on architecture.This needs to be again be brought in Indian town planning as there is less focus on town planning and ad hoc cities are getting created without efficient drainage system which has led to urban flooding and dumping of garbage on the streets.This will help India achieve the targets of UN habitat program which envisions urban life with ease of living. 3. Recreation was an integral part of people’s lives during ancient times. Illustrate with the help of suitable examples. Approach  It is a straightforward question.First define what is meant by recreational activity and what purpose does it serve.In next part write various examples of recreation which were present in India with help of examples.In conclusion write what was function of these recreational activities. Introduction: Recreation was inseparable part of human existence since prehistoric times even before the start of settled life and empire building. It played vital part to present different identity of human traits from other animals. Several games now familiar across the world owe their origins in India, particularly, the games of chess, ludo (including ladders and snake), and playing cards. The famous epic Mahabharata narrates an incidence where a game called Chaturang was played between two groups of warring cousins.This shows the emphasis given by people of ancient period to recreation.  Body There were different ways of entertainment in ancient India such as painting, dancing, playing various games, singing and sculpturing. Painting: Cave paintings of Bhimbetaka continued since Palaeolithic times till 2nd century BCE. It evolved into complexity, scale and quality. Ajanta cave paintings are examples of mural painting; some of them are religious and some for recreational activities. The other caves paintings which are of importance are of Bagh canes, Sittanavasal caves, Ellora caves, these show how painting was practiced as recreational as well as with artistic fervour. Dance:Bronze sculpture of dancing girl from Harrapan culture indicates dancing may have been prominent aspect of recreational activities during harappan times.Various classical dance forms evolved in temples such as Bharatnatyam, Mohiniattam which are mentioned in classical text of Natyashastra these were mainly for kings and courts. Various folk dances evolved over a period of time for entertainment of ordinary people. E.g. Chhau, Raslila. Music:India has rich tradition of music. Kings used to have royal musicians and singers in their courts for entertainment purpose. Gupta emperor Samudragupta issued coins with imprint of him playing veena- musical instrument.Indian classical music evolved into two schools such as hindustani and carnatic music. People used to enjoy folk music such as Baul, Powada, Lavani.  Games:Mahabharata, Ramayana and various puranas mention about hunting expeditions of Kings for recreational activities. Ashokan inscriptions talks about ban on hunting of certain animals on certain occasions for recreation. Mahabharata mentioned chess like game which continued till it evolved into chess.       Many historians believe chess is descendant of an Indian game played in the 7th century AD. Martial arts : Martial arts are known by different names all over India.The name of Kalaripayattu a martial arts were a native of Kerala. Kalaripayattu consists of a series of intricate movements that train the body and mind.Others such as Thangta and Silamban are also famous. Puppetry: is one of the ancient forms of entertainment. It also used for educational and philosophical purpose in India. It became part of mass culture in India.Various festivals provided opportunity for people to come together and celebrate with various community activities. Conclusion: Recreation promoted a sense of joy and provided purpose to the life and living to people. Many times political changes made people’s life miserable but easy access to popular recreational activities in rural areas isolated people from outside impacts.Further many of these recreational art forms are fading from public memories which are of immense heritage value.Therefore the government, civil society and local administration should form a repository of these ancient recreational elements and also include these in school syllabus to make new generation aware about the ancient heritage of India. TLP Synopsis Day 126 PDF

[INTERVIEW INITIATIVE] Think, Rethink and Perform (TRP) [DAY 21] 2020 for UPSC/IAS Personality Test!

ARCHIVES (of TRP) - > CLICK HERE Those who have appeared for UPSC Mains 2020, fill up the Google form given below. Students who fill the form will be added to a telegram group so that there can be healthy discussions with other students who will be appearing for the Interview/Personality Test. Also, Mohan sir, Bureaucrats and Ex-Bureaucrats will be interacting one on one with all the students who will be appearing for the same. REGISTER HERE – CLICK HERE   Interview Discussion: Think, Rethink and Perform; (TRP)- Day 21 Set 1: Ask these questions to yourself; contemplate and come out with a concrete answer (not to be discussed on this forum). Invest at least 30 minutes on this set of questions.  What does ‘sense of service’ mean to you?  Is having a ‘sense of service’ essential for human beings?  How much significance do you accord to the ‘sense of service’ as a virtue of a civil servant?  Set 2: Analyse the following issue:  Do you think India has emerged as a global leader in the field of digital technology? Can you talk about few of India’s achievements in the field of digital governance and management? What role should India play in as an emerging global leader? Do you see any limitations holding back India’s potential as a digital superpower? Try framing a balanced response.  We expect you to discuss the above question (Set 2) in the comments below and come out with a balanced view of the issues. Thank You IASbaba

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2021 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 6th JULY 2021

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :) After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken, and solutions. To take the Test - Click Here

IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 1): UPSC Mains Answer Writing – General Studies Paper 1 Questions [6th JULY,2021] – Day 127

For Previous TLP (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE Hello Friends, Welcome to IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 1): UPSC Mains Answer Writing – General Studies Paper 1 Questions [6th JULY,2021] – Day 127 TLP (Phase 1) just got over on 8th May (Saturday) and we are extremely thankful for your active participation to make this program a success. Well, though TLP (Phase 1) got over, ‘Picture abhi baaqi hai mere dost’. There is a surprise for you. Since prelims is bound to get delayed once again this year, its not wise to leave the writing practice just now. Hence, we are extending the TLP program  We will be posting 3 questions per day (Monday to Friday). The questions will be based on Current Affairs, so that you don’t have to invest your time separately on exclusively mains oriented topics. So, keep practicing and keep improving. To Know More about TLP  -> CLICK HERE For Previous TLP (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE Note: Click on Each Question (Link), it will open in a new tab and then Answer respective questions! 1. The Vedic literature is an epitome of lyrical excellence and intellectual depth. Elucidate. (10 Marks) वैदिक साहित्य गीतात्मक उत्कृष्टता और बौद्धिक गहराई का प्रतीक है। स्पष्ट करें। 2. Mention the essential teachings of Buddhism & Jainism? How did Buddhism spread in different parts of the world? Examine. (10 Marks) बौद्ध और जैन धर्म की आवश्यक शिक्षाओं का उल्लेख करें? बौद्ध धर्म दुनिया के विभिन्न हिस्सों में कैसे फैला? जांच करें। 3. What are some of the most recurring themes of cave paintings in India? What are the most characteristic features of these paintings? Discuss. (15 Marks) भारत में गुफा चित्रों के कुछ सबसे आवर्ती विषय क्या हैं? इन चित्रों की सबसे विशिष्ट विशेषताएं क्या हैं? चर्चा करें। AWARE ( Answer Writing REdefined) Series - 7 Steps to Master Answer Writing Skills by Mohan Sir - CLICK HERE P.S: The review from IASbaba will happen from the time the question is posted till 10 pm every day. We would also encourage peer reviews. So friends get actively involved and start reviewing each other's answers. This will keep the entire community motivated. All the Best :)

Important Articles

[MOCK INTERVIEW – UPSC 2020-21] New Time Slots for ONLINE MOCKS Open Now & ONE-ONE MOCKS with Mohan Sir!

Dear Students, Thank You for the Overwhelming Response and Heartwarming Feedback on our Interview Mentorship Program (IMP). More Interview Slots are now open! 250+ students have attended the Mock Interviews in Bangalore, Delhi, and Online till now!! Due to the Covid situation and lockdown restrictions, we have come up with more ONLINE Mock Interviews. Offline Mocks in Bangalore and Delhi will start soon subject to government guidelines.   UPCOMING ONLINE MOCKS: 9th July (Friday) - Slots Open! 10th July (Saturday) - Slots Open! To BOOK YOUR TIME-SLOTS FOR ONE-ONE MOCKS with Mohan Sir & MOCK INTERVIEW (ONLINE) -> CLICK HERE P.S: More Mocks will be announced soon! P.S: You can also share the same with your friends who are interested in taking ONLINE Mock Interviews, One-One Mocks with Mohan Sir, DAF Questionnaire. To Know More about IASbaba's Interview Mentorship Program (IMP) -> CLICK HERE For further queries with regard to the interview, you can mail us at support@iasbaba.com or call us on 8549000077 [UPSC INTERVIEW] CURRENT AFFAIRS Discussion – Learn How to Handle Controversial Topics and Situation-Based Questions from Serving, Ex-IAS, IPS, IRS Officers & Mohan Sir – Exclusively for UPSC 2021-21 Interview Students! - CLICK HERE BABA's INTERVIEW PANELLIST Thank You IASbaba

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 5th July 2021

Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Vembanad Lake: Kerala Part of: GS Prelims and GS –I - Geography In News: Kerala houseboats in Vembanad Lake are about to begin soon amid a robust vaccination drive. This is the largest lake in Kerala and the longest Lake in India. Source of the rivers: Meenachil, Achankovil, Pampa and Manimala Vallam Kali (i.e Nehru Trophy Boat Race) is a Snake Boat Race held every year in the month of August in Vembanad Lake. In 2002, lake was included in the list of Ramsar Convention. It is the second-largest Ramsar site in India after the Sundarbans in West Bengal. The Vembanad wetland is also identified under the National Wetlands Conservation Programme. The Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary is located on the east coast of the lake. In 2019, Willingdon Island, a seaport located in the city of Kochi, was carved out of Vembanad Lake. One of the most outstanding features of this lake is the 1252 m long saltwater barrier, Thanneermukkom, which was built to stop saltwater intrusion into Kuttanad. Inclusion of Retail and Wholesale Trades under MSME Part of: GS Prelims and GS -III - Economy In news The government has recently included retail and wholesale traders under the MSME (Micro, small and medium Enterprises) classification. What are the implications of this inclusion? MSME sector includes Industrial sector and Services sector but does not include Agriculture sector.   Though all the Retail and wholesale trade is part of Services sector, they were not considered as MSMEs.  Since MSMEs are part of the Priority Sector Lending (PSL) Guidelines, now Retail and Wholesale trade will be able to avail loan under PSL. Priority Sector Lending is an important role given by the RBI to the banks for providing a specified portion of the bank lending to few specific sectors. These sectors of the economy, that has high social return and are much needed for inclusive development, may not get timely and adequate credit in the absence of this special dispensation. Banks today, lend nearly 40% of their adjusted net bank credit (ANBC) to the priority sector. Pic courtesy: Vitt Arth Trafficking in Persons Report Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II - Issues related to children and women About the Report It is released by the US State Department It is world’s most comprehensive resource of governmental anti-trafficking efforts. It is also U.S. Government’s principal diplomatic tool to engage foreign governments on human trafficking. What are the key findings of the Report? According 2021 report, the Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in an increase in vulnerability to human trafficking and interrupted existing anti-traffic efforts. Human trafficking involves the illegal transport of individuals by force or deception for the purpose of labour, sexual exploitation, or activities in which others benefit financially. India has not met the minimum standards to eliminate trafficking. The efforts made by the government are inadequate. Chinese government is engaged in widespread forced labour What are the relevant Laws in India? Article 23 prohibits human trafficking and begar (forced labour without payment). Article 24 forbids employment of children below the age of 14 years in dangerous jobs like factories and mines. Indian Penal Code (IPC) Section: Section 370 and 370A of IPC provide for comprehensive measures to counter the menace of human trafficking  Sections 372 and 373 dealing with selling and buying of girls for the purpose of prostitution. Wash Report Part of: GS Prelims and GS -II - Health; Policies and interventions In news According to a new report by the Wash Institute (a non-profit organisation based out in Tamil Nadu), India was responsible for the largest drop in open defecation since 2015, in terms of absolute numbers. Open Defecation is practise of going out in fields, or other open spaces rather than using the toilet to defecate. It exposes women to the danger of physical attacks and poses health risk to children (vulnerability to diseases & Infection) What were the findings of the Report? By 2016, open defecation had decreased in all states of India, with the largest drops seen in Himachal Pradesh and Haryana. Progress in curbing open defecation in sub-Saharan Africa was slow. Between 2016 and 2020, the global population with access to safely managed drinking water at home increased to 74%, from 70%. People faced challenges to maintain hygiene, especially in the context of the Covid-19 3 in 10 people worldwide could not wash their hands with soap and water at home during the Covid-19 pandemic due to lack of water resources. What are some Government Initiatives? National rural sanitation strategy: 10-year Rural Sanitation Strategy starting from 2019 up to 2029. Lays down a framework for planning Open Defecation Free (ODF) Plus status, Swachh Bharat Mission Grameen Phase-II: It emphasizes the sustainability of achievements under phase I and to provide adequate facilities for Solid/Liquid & plastic Waste Management (SLWM) Open Defecation Free (ODF), ODF+, ODF++ Status (for Town and Cities) ODF: At any point of the day, not even a single person is found defecating in the open. ODF+: At any point of the day, not a single person is found defecating and/or urinating in the open, and all community and public toilets are functional and well maintained. ODF++: If the area is already ODF+ and the faecal sludge/septage and sewage are safely managed and treated Conservation of Vultures Part of: GS Prelims and GS III - Conservation; Biodiversity In news  Recently, 150 vultures were seen in the Valmiki Tiger Reserve (VTR), Bihar, which has prompted a vulture conservation plan in the protected region. What is the importance of Vultures? They live in the tropics and subtropics. Nature’s garbage collectors: Vultures are the scavengers who do the work of cleaning up, and keeping the ecosystem healthy. Despite feeding on infected carcass, vultures do not get infected.  The acids in their stomach are potent enough to kill the pathogen.  Thus, the chain of infection is broken. Therefore, vultures invisibly controls the spread of harmful pathogens causing deadly anthrax, cholera, foot and mouth disease, rabies etc. They also prevent the contamination of water sources, especially in the wild.  When animals die near watering hole, there is an imminent danger of contamination resulting in a quick spread of infections and mass death.  But vultures devour the carcasses in totality thereby preventing a tragic mishap. What is the status of vultures in India? India is home to 9 species of Vulture: Oriental white-backed, Long-billed, Slender-billed, Himalayan, Red-headed, Egyptian, Bearded, Cinereous and the Eurasian Griffon. Most of these 9 species face danger of extinction. Wildlife Protection Act 1972:  Schedule-1: Bearded, Long-billed, Slender-billed, Oriental white-backed  Rest are protected under ‘Schedule IV’. IUCN status: Critically endangered: Oriental white-backed, Slender-billed, Long-billed, Red-headed Endangered: Egyptian Near threatened: Himalayan, Bearded, Cinereous Least Concerned: Indian Griffon Threats: Diclofenac is used as a medicine for livestock. Vultures which feed on such dead livestock gets exposed to diclofenac that causes kidney failure threatening its life. Loss of Natural Habitats due to anthropogenic activities. Food Dearth and Contaminated Food. Electrocution by Power lines. Do You Know? Recently, the Ministry for Environment, Forests and Climate Change launched a Vulture Action Plan 2020-25 for the conservation of vultures in the country. Ensure minimum use of Diclofenac  The Vulture Safe Zone programme is being implemented at eight different places  Four rescue centres at Pinjore (Haryana) , Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh), Guwahati (Assam) and Hyderabad (Telangana) First Vulture Conservation and Breeding Centre (VCBC) in India at Pinjore, Haryana  Miscellaneous Four Years of GST What are the achievements of GST? Automated Indirect Tax Ecosystem: Introduction of e-way bills  Crackdown on fake invoicing  Simplification of Compliance: Linking the customs portal with the GST portal for credit availability on imports. Increased automation of the refund procedure, etc.  The GST Council made corrections to law, issued clarifications on complex issues, rationalized GST rates, etc. What is Goods and Services Tax? The GST is a value-added tax levied on most goods and services sold for domestic consumption. The GST is paid by consumers, but it is remitted to the government by the businesses selling the goods and services. It is Destination based Taxation as against the old principle of origin-based taxation. It is a dual GST with the Centre and the States simultaneously levying tax on a common base (CGST and SGST). GST rates are mutually decided by GST Council, a constitutional body (Article 279A), chaired by Union Finance Minister.  Multiple Rate Structure: 5%, 12%, 18% and 28%.  (Mains Focus) SECURITY/ GOVERNANCE Topic: GS-2: Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive GS-3: Security challenges and their management in border areas  The problem now with the military synergy plan Context: Union government creating the post of Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) & making progress with the idea of Integrated Theatre Commands was very much needed to break away from old practice of Indian Military working in silos. The objective of these steps is to bring synergy in operations while economising through the elimination of duplication and wasteful practices or processes While the Army and the Navy are on board with the proposal of Integrated Theatre Command, the Air Force has certain reservations. What are the arguments from Air Force? Dangers of Air Force becoming Adjunct to Army & Navy In the current formulation of theatres, the objections from the IAF have essentially been due to air power being seen as an adjunct to the two surface forces (Army and Navy) and being divided into multiple packets. Air force experts opine that this would dilute air force’s operational autonomy and would seriously degrade the effectiveness of air operations in any future conflict or contingency Deliberation before Fomalisation Also, it is better that such objections and dissenting opinions come out now before the structure is formalised. Need to first Come up with National Security Strategy Despite seven decades of Independence, India still does not have a clearly articulated national security strategy.  Only such a strategy can define the types of contingencies the military is expected to address and define the structures required for the conduct of synergised operations.  An intellectual exercise while developing National Security Strategy may well result in identifying air power as the lead element.  Thus, CDS should have pursued drawing up of such overarcing strategy rather than rushing through integrating forces. Future Conflicts requires empowered Air Force Defence Programme post-1962 was based on the assumption that China posed the major threat and that the IAF be made capable of assuming some of the Army’s deterrence capability Even during recent border clashes with China, the clear intent to use combat air power, as against 1962, has significantly contributed in deterring China. IAF does not wish to see its limited resources frittered away in fighting frontal defensive battles by a land force commander with little expertise in employment of air power.  Structural Gaps remains unaddressed Theatre or any lower structure requires an institutionalised higher defence organisation, which has been sadly missing since the Defence Committee of the Cabinet (DCC) became defunct in the 1950s CDS, as the permanent chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee (CoSC), would also exercise operational control of the theatre/functional commands, a move that is unlikely to be palatable to the politico-bureaucratic leadership. Therefore, it is better to address these structural issues before moving ahead with integrated theatre commands Conclusion Prudence demands that instead of ramming down such structures without adequate deliberations and discussions with all stakeholders, we first evolve appropriate military strategies in a nuclear backdrop in concert with the political objectives. Connecting the dots: Defence Self-reliance  Challenges in India’s defence trade Rethinking Defence doctrine Recent reforms in Defence Sector INTERNATIONAL/ GOVERNANCE Topic: GS-2: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countrieson India’s interests, Indian diaspora GS-2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Europe's 'Green Passport' and its impact on India Definition: On July 1, the European Union implemented the EU Digital COVID Certificate (EUDCC) or the “Green Passport”, which allows ease of intra-European travel for passengers who have taken one of four recognised vaccines. The list of approved vaccines does not include India made COVISHIELD & COVAXIN. The move led to a sharp protest from India, as well as the African Union, as concerns grow over vaccine passports that discriminate against travellers from developing countries with limited access to vaccines. What does the EUDCC entitle passengers to?  The EUDCC, or the Green Passport, which is in the form of a digital QR code, attests that a person has been vaccinated against COVID-19. It is recognised by all 27 EU countries, as well as Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Iceland and Norway for passengers within Europe, who are bound not to need separate documentation for intra-EU travel. How will it impact Indian travellers?  The EUDCC will impact Indians notionally at present, as only essential travel is allowed into EU countries and special permission has to be taken for those travelling from India.  With global concerns over the Delta variant, which was first detected in India, more restrictions are in place for Indians travelling abroad.  The European Union has pointed out that the EUDCC is only meant for passengers within the EU. According to the EU, the Serum Institute of India’s (SII) Covishield was a “biologically” different product and it hence needs to apply separately for approval/ clearance to be included in the vaccine list of EUDCC. Meanwhile, the road seems harder for Bharat Biotech’s Covaxin, as unlike Covishield, it has not received recognition from even WHO and is in the process of completing its application there. India’s concerns are three-fold. It feels vaccine passports will restrict passengers from countries that don’t have the same access to vaccines and will increase vaccine inequality. It also argues that the EU should recognise Covishield as it is no different from other AstraZeneca-licensed vaccines.  More broadly that all Indian-approved vaccines should be given recognition worldwide, and that passengers can be certified via the Co-WIN website How did India register its protests?  During his visit to Italy for the G20 ministerial conference last week, External Affairs Minister registered a strong protest in his meetings with European counterparts. Also, government sources indicated that India was prepared to initiate reciprocal harsh quarantine measures against countries that discriminated against Indians. Officials point out that Covishield was distributed to 95 countries, mainly low- and middle-income countries of the global South, and the EU action discriminates against all of them.  There is a hint of racism, they claim, in the fact that all vaccines cleared by the EMA are those that have been taken by residents in Europe and North America, whereas the ones excluded are those made and distributed far and wide in the rest of the world by Russia, India and China.  What is the WHO’s stand?  WHO has held categorically that vaccine passports should not be made mandatory for travel and should be optional, stating that proof of COVID-19 vaccination should not be required as a condition of entry and exit from a country.  Conclusion  With at least nine countries, including Austria, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain and Switzerland, agreeing to independently make exemptions for Covishield, and Estonia accepting both Covishield and Covaxin, there is hope that enough pressure will build on the EMA to include exemptions for Indian vaccines as well. Connecting the dots: Vaccine Nationalism Vaccine Diplomacy What went wrong with Vaccine Diplomacy (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Comments Up-voted by IASbaba are also the “correct answers”. Q.1 Which body/organisation releases Trafficking in Persons Report? UNICEF Amnesty International US State Department Compassion International Q.2 Consider the following statements The Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary is located on the east coast of the lake. In 2019, Willingdon Island was carved out of the Lake. One of the most outstanding features of this lake is the 1252 m long saltwater barrier, Thanneermukkom Which lake is being referred to here? Chilika lake Dal lake Hussain Sagar Lake Vembanad Lake Q.3 Which of the following article prohibits human trafficking and begar (forced labour without payment)? Article 23  Article 24 Article 25 Article 26 ANSWERS FOR 3rd July 2021 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 D 2 C Must Read On Climate Financing: Deccan Herald On COVID’s impact on India’s workers: The Wire Equitable Access to Justice for Migrant Workers: The Wire

Important Articles

[UPSC INTERVIEW] CURRENT AFFAIRS Discussion by Dr Akash Shankar, AIR 78, CSE 2018 (Interview Topper - Scored 204 in Interview) for UPSC 2020-21 Interview Students!

Hello Everyone, We at IASbaba are conducting sessions on how to answer controversial issues and tackle situation-based questions in Personality Test (Interview). These sessions will be handled by Serving, Retd. Bureaucrats, Mohan Sir. We are floating a form below so that the interested students who are selected for UPSC CSE interview 2020 can register. PS: These sessions are meant ONLY for those who are selected for UPSC Interview 2020. Session 7 will be conducted by Dr. Akash Shankar AIR 78, 2018 (Interview Topper - Scored 204 in Interview)  The topic of discussion – Clean energy- Tesla and advanced technologies. Water scarcity- drought. Women's safety and empowerment. Urbanisation- smart city n amrut. Government schemes- SBM, JJM & Electrification. Date and Time - 6th July (10 AM) REGISTER HERE - CLICK HERE PS: The link for these live sessions will be sent only to the registered students. For further queries with regard to the interview, you can mail us at support@iasbaba.com or call us on 8549000077

[Day 36]: UPSC PRELIMS 2021- Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series

Highlights/Features of Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series:  It is a FREE initiative! Program Duration - 120 Days (31st May, 2021 to 27th September, 2021). 1. Dedicated Portal for Focused Preparation There will be a separate dedicated portal to help you stay focused and keep your preparation streamlined for the next 120 Days. The Registration link for the dedicated portal is given at the end of the post. 2. 120 Days Integrated (Prelims + Mains) Time Table This year’s RaRe Series will include Integrated Revision Plan (IRP) where we will be syncing your mains and prelims syllabus together over next 120 Days. The Revision Plan is designed by integrating IASbaba's famous flagship initiatives - 60 Day Plan and TLP Mains Answer Writing. 3. Daily RaRe Series (RRS) Videos on High Probable Topics (Monday - Friday) In video discussions, special focus is given to topics which have high probability to appear in UPSC Prelims Question Paper. Each session will be of 20 mins to 30 mins, which would cover rapid revision of 10 high probable topics (both static and current affairs) important for Prelims Exam this year according to the schedule. 4. Daily Prelims MCQs from Static (Monday - Friday) Daily Static Quiz will cover all the topics of static subjects – Polity, History, Geography, Economics, Environment and Science and technology. 10 questions will be posted daily and these questions are framed from the topics mentioned in the schedule and in the RaRe videos. It will ensure timely and streamlined revision of your static subjects. Note: Should be integrated with the 60 Days Plan 2021. This will expose you to diverse questions from the same topics. 5. Daily Current Affairs MCQs (Monday - Saturday) Daily 5 Current Affairs questions, based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, would be published from Monday to Saturday. Note: Current Affairs questions covered in the 60 Days Plan and Daily Quiz Monthly Compilations should be covered retrospectively. 6. Daily CSAT Quiz (Monday - Friday) CSAT has been an achilles heel for many aspirants. Daily 5 CSAT Questions will be published. 7. Daily Mains Answer Writing (Monday - Friday) GS Mains will be covered along with Prelims in an integrated manner. Daily three Mains questions will be covered syllabus-wise according to the topics mentioned in the schedule. In total, it covers 250+ Mains Questions along with synopsis. 8. Brainstorming on Ethics & Essay (BEE) (Saturday & Sunday) Each week, Sunil Oberoi Sir (Retd. IAS) will take 3 sessions, two for Essay and one for Ethics. The two sessions earmarked for Essay will have a topic-based discussion where he will discuss the approach to write issue-based and philosophical essays. The topics will be picked from previous year question papers of UPSC and TLP initiative of IASbaba. 9. Full Mocks 3 GS Paper 1 Full Mocks will be provided along the lines of UPSC Prelims. 3 CSAT Paper 2 Full Mocks will be provided so that you are not overwhelmed during the D-Day. 10. Rapid Revision (RaRe) Notes Right material plays important role in clearing the exam and Rapid Revision (RaRe) Notes will have Prelims specific subject-wise refined notes. The main objective is to help students revise most important topics and that too within a very short limited time frame. Day-36 of RaRe Series - Click here To Register - Click here For complete details of the RaRe Series -  Click here