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Jul 1, 2021 TLP Mains Answer Writing

SYNOPSIS [30th JUNE,2021] Day 123: IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 1): UPSC Mains Answer Writing (General Studies)

For Previous TLP (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE SYNOPSIS [30th JUNE,2021] Day 123: IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 1): UPSC Mains Answer Writing (General Studies) 1. What are tornadoes? How do they originate? Why are they so destructive? Discuss. Approach Define about the tornadoes in the introduction part. Then highlight the origin and genesis of the tornadoes. In the end discuss why they are so destructive before conclusion. Introduction A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that extends from a thunderstorm to the ground. It is a vortex of rapidly moving air. A tornado forms when changes in wind speed and direction create a horizontal spinning effect within a storm cell. This effect is then tipped vertical by rising air moving up through the thunderclouds. Body Tornadoes is a localized cyclonic low pressure cell surrounded by a whirling cylinder of violent wind, characterized by a funnel cloud extending below a cumulonimbus cloud which predominantly occurs in North America. Origination: Tornado formation typically needs the four ingredients: shear, lift, instability, and moisture. Wind shear is the most important factor that plays into the creation of tornadoes. When there is wind shear, sometimes these winds begin to roll into a horizontal column of air. Once you get a strong updraft of air being transported from the ground to the atmosphere, that column of air becomes vertical. That is when a storm usually develops in this scenario. As the storm develops, it turns into a supercell thunderstorm much of the time. These supercell thunderstorms are separate, discrete cells that are not part of a line of storms. Also, supercells are storms that rotate and spin. With both the vertical, rotating column of air and the supercell thunderstorm together, that may bring down a tornado from the storm cloud Tornadoes are most common in spring and least common in winter. Spring and fall experience peaks of activity as those are the seasons when stronger winds, wind shear, and atmospheric instability are present. Tornado occurrence is highly dependent on the time of day, because of solar heating. United States has the most violent tornadoes. At any moment there are approximately 1,800 thunderstorms in progress throughout the world. They are so destructive because: Strong winds: They are strong wind with low pressure centre which can travel up to 500 km per hour. Flying debris: Due to low pressure centre, it sucks in lot of dust and debris which travels causing extensive damage along path. Vertical Wind shear: Strong swirling updraft. Unpredictability: Due to its unpredictability, no precautions are taken leading to destructiveness. They are largely restricted on land but do occur over oceans in form of waterspouts. Due to their unique environmental conditions to be formed 90% of occurrence is limited to US and Canada. 800 to 1200 are recorded annually in that area. The impact of cyclone is more seen in the coastal regions when compared to tornadoes, whose impact is majorly seen in hinterland. Conclusion Tornadoes as well as cyclones both occur in India. However, unlike cyclones the frequency of tornado outbreak is very low. Cyclones originate in the Bay of Bengal region as well as in the Arabian Sea region where as Tornadoes of weak strength occur in north-western and north-eastern region of the country causing significant damage to man and material. 2. What is storm surge? What factors control the magnitude of a storm surge? Discuss Approach It expects students to write about storm surge. And simply write the factors controlling the magnitude of a storm surge with different variables. Introduction Storm Surge is an abnormal rise of sea level as the tropical cyclone crosses the coast. The storms produce strong winds that push the water into shore, which might lead to flooding. It is measured as the height of the water above the normal predicted astronomical tide. The surge is caused primarily by a storm’s winds pushing water onshore. Body Factors that control the magnitude of Storm surge: Storm surge depends on intensity of the cyclone (Maximum winds and lowest pressure associated with it and Coastal bathymetry (shallower coastline generates surges of greater heights). However, as the storm moves closer to the shore, the water which is being pushed downwards by the wind cannot move any lower, so the water forces itself from the sides towards land, causing a storm surge wave. Strength and Size of the Storm: During a cyclone, the water level rises to form storm surges, where the strength and speed of the winds are the highest. Usually, the largest surges occur in the direction of where the wind is blowing. Due to the rotation of the earth, the surge occurs towards the right side of the cyclone in the northern hemisphere, and towards the left side in the southern hemisphere. Atmospheric Pressure: The force exerted by the atmospheric pressure is a smaller factor in the formation of a storm surge. Although low pressure also contributes to the surge, its influence is very small, i.e., around 5%. Bottom Conditions Near Shore: Another minor factor determining the strength of a surge is whether the coastal slope is steep or shallow, and rough or smooth. A shallow and smooth ocean floor near the coast can dramatically enhance the speed and power of the storm surge, while a steep climb with rough obstructions can slow and sometimes even stop a storm surge. A wider shore will have a higher surge than a narrower shore. Distance from Storm Centre to Shore: For a storm surge to achieve maximum potency, the distance between the eye of the storm and the shore should neither be too close nor too far. If the distance is less, the surge cannot gather enough velocity to gain power. However, if the storm is too far, the surge will lose its gathered energy by the time it reaches the shore. Tides: The gravitational force of the sun and moon cause low and high tides. If the storm surge occurs during a low tide, the intensity will be significantly reduced. However, a storm surge during high tide will cause a storm tide capable of heavy destruction. Freshwater: Usually, before a storm reaches land, most coastal areas receive heavy rainfall, causing water levels to rise. This is especially true in areas that have a river delta, causing bigger and stronger storm surges. Shape and Angle of Coast to the Storm: A shore with a convex shape will have a lower surge as compared to a concave shore. Also, if the storm is moving parallel to the shore, it will cause lower and weaker storm surges as compared to a storm moving perpendicular to the coast. Sea Waves: When waves break onto the beach, they may collect into pools, eventually making it easier for the surge to overcome the friction of the beach, and move even further inland. Conclusion It is one of many natural events storm tide inundates low lying coastal areas which have far reaching consequences apart from flooding. Hence, necessary precaution if taken will ensure the minimal loss of environment human life in the surrounding area. Innovations are needed to mitigate them and also utilize them for welfare of mankind. 3. Global warming is a reality, that is affecting the glacial landforms, flora & fauna across the globe. Do you agree? Substantiate with the help of suitable examples. Approach Simply describe define the global warming and glaciers. Then highlight the impact of changes in glaciers and how global warming is changing the glacial landscape, before conclusion try to give few suggestions to tackle situation. Introduction Global warming is the phenomenon of a gradual increase in the temperature near the earth’s surface. This phenomenon has been observed over the past one or two centuries. This change has disturbed the climatic pattern of the earth. Body Glaciers are ice blocks covering mountains or continental plains. They are not just that but they are environmental sanctuary. Due to global warming, there dynamics is changing leading to environmental disasters. Changes in glaciers will lead to: Carbon dioxide and precipitation: Glaciers are store house of co2. Due to melting it is released leading to more winter precipitation. Sea level rise: Antarctic ice breaks can trigger land based ice off the continent. With land based ice entering, sea level will raise. Albedo value: They have 90% albedo value. Melting of them will increase greenhouse effect. Oceanic temperature: It changes oceanic temperature. Example Green land ice sheets and Artic Ocean melting. Ocean nutrient and mineral content: Changes the nutrient content of ocean floor and mineral reserves. Due to melting of Artic Ice, new gas reserves and other minerals are being explored. Canadian mineral deposits were exposed during melting. Atmospheric circulation: Ocean currents and air circulation will change. Landforms: Central Canada’s glacial melting lead to undulating surface dotted with water bodies. Vegetation pattern: Due to Alaskan melting, extensive plant cover is building up even in Himalayas and Alps. Global warming Changing glacial landforms: Human activities are at the root of this phenomenon. Specifically, since the industrial revolution, carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions have raised temperatures, even higher in the poles, and as a result, glaciers are rapidly melting, calving off into the sea and retreating on land. Between the years 1975 to 2000, an average of four billion tonnes of ice were being lost each year and between the years 2000 to 2016, glaciers melted approximately twice as fast implying that Himalayan glaciers lost about 8 billion tonnes of ice each year on an average during this period. Glaciers depend on heavy precipitation to replenish ice on an annual basis, but, if monsoons are disrupted, ice is depleted. As the glaciers melt, rivers flood, with the flooding of rivers, people, crops and livestock get drowned and hydroelectric plants are disrupted. Rapid glacial melt in Antarctica and Greenland also influences ocean currents, as massive amounts of very cold glacial-melt water entering warmer ocean waters is slowing ocean currents. And as ice on land melts, sea levels will continue to rise. The glacial melt we are witnessing today in Antarctic and Greenland is changing the circulation of the Atlantic Ocean and has been linked to collapse of fisheries in the Gulf of Maine and more destructive storms and hurricanes around the planet. Glacial melting will also cause the extinction of numerous species, as glaciers are the natural habitat of a number of animals, both terrestrial and aquatic. Coastal communities will continue to face billion-dollar disaster recovery bills as flooding becomes more frequent and storms become more intense. People are not the only ones impacted. In the Arctic, as sea ice melts, wildlife like walrus are losing their home and polar bears are spending more time on land, causing higher rates of conflict between people and bears. Glaciologists believe that, despite the massive ice loss, we do still have time to save the glaciers from their predicted disappearance. Here are some ideas and proposals for how we can help achieve this goal: Developing a comprehensive understanding of the status of Himalayan glaciers Promotion of research on Himalayan glaciers Glacier/ Source vulnerability assessment for the Hydropower plants Watershed management by energy utilities Integrated River Basin Management to rejuvenate water potential Assessment of glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) potential Conclusion Humankind has become dependent on the burning of fossil fuels to support our way of life, but it increases global warming at an unnatural rate that led to meltimg of glaciers. To restore the glaciers we need to utilize alternative energy sources, increase our energy efficiency and decrease our individual carbon footprints. TLP Synopsis Day 123 PDF

Jun 30, 2021 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 30th June 2021

Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Persons with disabilities have right to reservation in promotion: Supreme Court Part of: GS Prelims and GS -II - Judiciary; Rights and duties In news SC ruled that a disabled person can avail the benefit of reservation for promotion even if he or she was recruited in the regular category or developed the disability after gaining employment. The 1995 Act (Persons with Disabilities Act of 1995) does not make a distinction between a person who may have entered service on account of disability and a person who may have acquired disability after having entered the service. 1995 Act recognises the right to reservation in promotion The background of Reservation in promotion In the Indira Sawhney case (1992), SC held that the reservation policy cannot be extended to promotions. However, the 77th Constitutional Amendment inserted clause 4A in article 16 and restored provision of reservations in promotions. In Nagaraj judgement (2006), Court laid down three controlling conditions that the state must meet prior to granting SC/ST a reservation in promotion: state must show that backwardness of the class class is inadequately represented in position or service reservations are in the interest of Administrative efficiency In Jarnail Singh case (2018), it struck down the demonstration of backwardness provision from Nagaraj judgement. Related articles: Launch of Sugamya Bharat App National Social Assistance Programme Tenure of Attorney General of India extended Part of: GS Prelims and GS -II - Indian Constitution In news The central government has extended the term of K.K. Venugopal as Attorney General (AG) for one more year. He had also received his first extension of term in 2020. He would be in command of the government’s legal defence in several sensitive cases pending in the Supreme Court such as challenge to the abrogation of Article 370 and the Citizenship Amendment Act. About Attorney General (AG) The AG of India is a part of the Union Executive. S/He is the highest law officer in the country. Article 76 of the Constitution provides for the office of AG of India. Appointment and Eligibility: AG is appointed by the President on the advice of the government. S/he must be a person who is qualified to be appointed a judge of the Supreme Court, i.e. s/he must be a citizen of India and must have been a judge of some high court for five years or an advocate of some high court for ten years or an eminent jurist, in the opinion of the President. Term of the Office: Not fixed by the Constitution. Removal: Not stated in the Constitution. S/he holds office during the pleasure of the President Duties and Functions: To give advice to the Government of India (GoI) upon such legal matters, which are referred to her/him by the President. To perform such other duties of a legal character that are assigned to her/him by the President. To appear on behalf of the GoI in all cases in the Supreme Court or in any case in any High Court in which the GoI is concerned. To represent the GoI in any reference made by the President to the Supreme Court under Article 143 (Power of the President to consult the Supreme Court) of the Constitution. To discharge the functions conferred on her/him by the Constitution or any other law. Rights and Limitations: S/he has the right to speak and to take part in the proceedings of both the Houses of Parliament or their joint sitting and any committee of the Parliament of which s/he may be named a member, but without a right to vote. S/he enjoys all the privileges and immunities that are available to a member of Parliament. S/he does not fall in the category of government servants. S/he is not debarred from private legal practice. However, s/he should not advise or hold a brief against the GoI. Solicitor General of India and Additional Solicitor General of India assist the AG in fulfillment of the official responsibilities. Corresponding Office in the States: Advocate General (Article 165). Interest Rates on Small Saving Schemes Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III - Economy In news Government may reduce interest rates on small saving schemes for the July - September Quarter. A cut in small savings rates at this point would further hurt households amid increase in inflation. About Small Saving Schemes/Instruments They are the major source of household savings in India and comprises 12 instruments. The depositors get an assured interest on their money. Collections from all small savings instruments are credited to the National Small Savings Fund (NSSF). Small savings have emerged as a key source of financing the government deficit. Small savings instruments can be classified as Postal Deposits comprising savings account, recurring deposits, time deposits of varying maturities and monthly income scheme. Savings Certificates: National Small Savings Certificate (NSC) and Kisan Vikas Patra (KVP). Social Security Schemes: Sukanya Samriddhi Scheme, Public Provident Fund (PPF) and Senior Citizens‘ Savings Scheme (SCSS). Barnadi Wildlife Sanctuary: Assam Part of: GS Prelims and GS -III - Environment In news Recently, the World Wide Fund for Nature-India (WWF) found a few tigers inhabiting the Barnadi Wildlife Sanctuary in Assam. It is one of the smallest WS (Wildlife Sanctuary) of Assam About the Sanctuary It is located in northern Assam’s Baksa and Udalguri districts bordering Bhutan. It is bordered by the Barnadi river and Nalapara river to the west and east respectively. Barnadi was established specifically to protect the Pygmy Hog (Sus salvanius) and Hispid Hare (Caprolagus hispidus). About 60% of the BWS is reported to be grassland, most of it is now grassy woodland. The main Forest types: Tropical Moist Deciduous (northern edge of the Sanctuary) and mixed scrub and grassland (southern part). Most of the natural vegetation has been replaced by commercial plantations of Bombax ceiba, Tectona grandis and Eucalyptus and by thatch grasses Other Protected Areas in Assam: Dibru-Saikhowa National Park Manas National Park Nameri National Park Rajiv Gandhi Orang National Park Kaziranga National Park. Exercise Sea Breeze Part of: GS Prelims and GS II - International Relations In news Ukraine and USA launched joint naval Exercise ‘Sea Breeze’ in the Black Sea to show Western cooperation with Ukraine as it faces off with Russia. The exercise Sea Breeze has been held since 1997, involving NATO states and their allies. This edition (2021) will be the largest In Exercise’s history that will involve some 5,000 military personnel from more than 30 countries. Aim of the Exercise Improving naval and land operations Improving cooperation among participating counties. Sending a powerful message to maintain stability and peace in the region. Significance of Black Sea for Russia The unique geography of the Black Sea region provides several geopolitical advantages to Russia Russia has always wanted to control the region. It is an important crossroads and strategic intersection for the entire region. Its Access greatly enhances the projection of power into several adjacent regions. The region is an important transit corridor for goods and energy. It is rich in cultural and ethnic diversity, and shares close historical ties with Russia. About Black Sea It is marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, located between Eastern Europe and Western Asia. The bordering countries of Black Sea are: Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Turkey, Bulgaria and Romania. It is the largest water body with a meromictic basin It means the movement of water between the lower and upper layers of the sea is a rare phenomenon which is also responsible for its Anoxic Water (significant absence of oxygen in the water). Pic courtesy: Wikipedia Miscellaneous Baihetan Dam Recently, China has put into operation the Baihetan Dam, world’s Second Biggest Hydropower Dam. The Three Gorges Dam is the largest hydropower dam in the world and is also along China’s Yangtze River It is on the Jinsha River, a tributary of the Yangtze (the longest river in Asia). It has been built with a total installed capacity of 16,000 megawatts. It will eventually be able to generate enough electricity each day once to meet the power needs of 5,00,000 people for an entire year. It is part of Chinese efforts to curb surging fossil fuel demand by building more hydropower capacity Concerns: A huge dam could hold back the massive amount of silt carried by the river which could aﬀect farming in the areas downstream. India is also worried about the release of water during the monsoons It could have disastrous consequences in the ecologically sensitive zone. Huge displacement of hundreds of thousands of local communities (Mains Focus) ENVIRONMENT/ GOVERNANCE Topic: GS-3: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment US Heat Wave Context: Recently, US Weather service has issued another excessive-heat warning for much of Washington state and North East. In most parts of the country, temperatures must be above the historical average in an area for two or more days before the label “heat wave” is applied to a hot spell. But the definition can vary by region; in the Northeast USA, it is defined as three straight days in the 90s or above. What causes a heat wave? Heat waves begin when high pressure in the atmosphere moves in and pushes warm air toward the ground. That air warms up further as it is compressed, and we begin to feel a lot hotter. The high-pressure system pressing down on the ground expands vertically, forcing other weather systems to change course. It even minimizes wind and cloud cover, making the air more stifling. This is also why a heat wave parks itself over an area for several days or longer. What is a heat dome? As the ground warms, it loses moisture, which makes it easier to heat even more. And in the drought-ridden West USA, there is plenty of heat for the high-pressure system to trap. As that trapped heat continues to warm, the system acts like a lid on a pot — earning the name “heat dome.” In the Pacific Northwest, the heat and the drought are working in concert, exacerbating the problem and causing temperature records to fall day after day. Why is it hotter than normal in North America? We have long known that the world has warmed by more than 1 degree Celsius (about 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit) since 1900, and that the pace of warming has accelerated in recent decades. The warmer baseline contributes to extreme-weather events and helps make periods of extreme heat more frequent, longer and more intense. Magnified effect of paved and concrete surfaces in urban areas and a lack of tree cover. Urban heat island effects can make ambient temperatures feel 3 to 4 degrees more than what they are. Health Impacts of Heat Waves The health impacts of Heat Waves typically involve dehydration, heat cramps, heat exhaustion and/or heat stroke. It also causes heat cramps, fatigue, weakness, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps and sweating. The extreme temperatures and resultant atmospheric conditions adversely affect people living in these regions as they cause physiological stress, sometimes resulting in death. Way Forward While climate change does have a strong link with the occurrence of extreme weather events, it isn't the cause for extreme weather events. Episodes of heat waves are growing more common as climate change intensifies. Therefore, the intensity and frequency of heatwaves can be reduced if the global community adopts and adheres to a lower emissions scenario in the future. Connecting the dots: Australia’s wildfires in 2020 Amazon Rainforest Fires RIGHTS/ GOVERNANCE/ ECONOMY Topic: GS-2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors GS-3: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources Ration card reform Context: Recently, the Supreme Court directed all states and Union Territories to implement the One Nation, One Ration Card (ONORC) system, which allows for inter- and intra-state portability, by July 31. Did You Know? Portable welfare benefits mean that a citizen should be able to access welfare benefits irrespective of where she is in the country. In the case of food rations, the idea was first mooted by a Nandan Nilekani-led task force in 2011. 45.36 crore people or 37% of the population is that of migrant labourers. What is One Nation One Ration Card? The scheme seeks to provide portability of food security benefits all across the nation. Families who have food security cards can buy subsidized food from any ration shop in the country. For instance, a migrant worker from, say, Basti district of Uttar Pradesh will be able to access PDS benefits in Mumbai, where he or she may have gone in search of work. While the person can buy foodgrains as per his or her entitlement under the NFSA at the place where he or she is based, members of his or her family can still go to their ration dealer back home. Ration cards should be linked with Aadhar Number to avail this service. It was started in mid-2019 with pilot project in 4 states and was supposed to be rolled-out across country by June 2020 but got delayed due to Pandemic. Taking States on board To promote this reform in the archaic Public Distribution System (PDS), the government has provided incentives to states. The Centre had even set the implementation of ONORC as a precondition for additional borrowing by states during the Covid-19 pandemic last year. At least 17 states, which implemented the ONORC reform, were allowed to borrow an additional Rs 37,600 crores in 2020-21. How does ONORC work? ONORC is based on technology that involves details of beneficiaries’ ration card, Aadhaar number, and electronic Points of Sale (ePoS). The system identifies a beneficiary through biometric authentication on ePoS devices at fair price shops. The system runs with the support of two portals — Annavitran Portal- maintains a record of intra-state transactions — inter-district and intra-district Integrated Management of Public Distribution System (IM-PDS) - records the inter-state transactions. When a ration card holder goes to a fair price shop, he or she identifies himself or herself through biometric authentication on ePoS, which is matched real time with details on the Annavitaran portal. Once the ration card details are verified, the dealer hands out the beneficiary’s entitlements. What factors led to the launch of ONORC? Earlier, NFSA beneficiaries were not able to access their PDS benefits outside the jurisdiction of the specific fair price shop to which they have been assigned. The government envisioned the ONORC to give them access to benefits from any fair price shop. Full coverage will be possible after 100% Aadhaar seeding of ration cards has been achieved, and all fair price shops are covered by ePoS devices (there are currently 4.74 lakh devices installed across the country). ONORC was launched in August, 2019. Work on ration card portability, however, had begun in April 2018 itself, with the launch of the IM-PDS. The idea was to reform the PDS, which has been historically marred by inefficiency and leakages. ONORC was initially launched as an inter-state pilot. However, when the Covid-19 pandemic forced thousands of migrant workers to return to their villages last year, a need was felt to expedite the rollout. As part of its Covid economic relief package, the government announced the national rollout of ONORC in all states and Union Territories by March 2021. What has been the coverage so far? Till date, 32 states and Union Territories have joined the ONORC, covering about 69 crore NFSA beneficiaries. Four states are yet to join the scheme — Assam, Chhattisgarh, Delhi and West Bengal. According to the Union Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, about 1.35 crore portability transactions every month are being recorded under ONORC on an average. Almost 19.8 Crore portability transactions have been recorded during the COVID-19 period of April 2020 to May 2021 itsel While inter-state ration card portability is available in 32 states, the number of such transactions is much lower than that of intra-district and inter-district transactions Why have these four states not implemented it yet? There are various reasons. For instance, Delhi is yet to start the use of ePoS in fair price shops, which is a prerequisite for the implementation of ONORC. In the case of West Bengal, the state government has demanded that the non-NFSA ration card holders — ration cards issued by the state government — should also be covered under the ONORC Connecting the dots: One Nation One Election One Nation One Gas Grid (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Comments Up-voted by IASbaba are also the “correct answers”. Q.1 Which of the following Article deals with the office of AG of India? Article 67 Article 76 Article 86 Article 96 Q.2 Which of the following is not associated with Reservation in promotion? Nagaraj judgement Indira Sawhney case Jarnail Singh case Kesavananda Bharati Q.3 Abrogation of Article 370 led to which of the following? Fundamental duties were made enforceable Creation of Union Territories of jammu and kashmir and Ladakh Creation of state of Telangana Deletion of few languages from 8th Schedule ANSWERS FOR 29th June 2021 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 C 2 C Must Read On overcriminalisation: The Hindu On Ed-Tech: Indian Express On Ageing Population: Hindustan Times

Jun 30, 2021 Important Articles

[UPSC INTERVIEW] CURRENT AFFAIRS Discussion by Dr Akash Shankar, AIR 78, CSE 2018 (Interview Topper - Scored 204 in Interview) for UPSC 2020-21 Interview Students!

Hello Everyone, We at IASbaba are conducting sessions on how to answer controversial issues and tackle situation-based questions in Personality Test (Interview). These sessions will be handled by Serving, Retd. Bureaucrats, Mohan Sir. We are floating a form below so that the interested students who are selected for UPSC CSE interview 2020 can register. PS: These sessions are meant ONLY for those who are selected for UPSC Interview 2020. Session 3 will be conducted by Dr. Akash Shankar AIR 78, 2018 (Interview Topper - Scored 204 in Interview) Date and Time - 30th June (5PM - 6PM) REGISTER HERE - CLICK HERE PS: The link for these live sessions will be sent only to the registered students. For further queries with regard to the interview, you can mail us at support@iasbaba.com or call us on 8549000077

Jun 30, 2021 Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series for UPSC

[Day 31]: UPSC PRELIMS 2021- Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series

Highlights/Features of Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series: It is a FREE initiative! Program Duration - 120 Days (31st May, 2021 to 27th September, 2021). 1. Dedicated Portal for Focused Preparation There will be a separate dedicated portal to help you stay focused and keep your preparation streamlined for the next 120 Days. The Registration link for the dedicated portal is given at the end of the post. 2. 120 Days Integrated (Prelims + Mains) Time Table This year’s RaRe Series will include Integrated Revision Plan (IRP) where we will be syncing your mains and prelims syllabus together over next 120 Days. The Revision Plan is designed by integrating IASbaba's famous flagship initiatives - 60 Day Plan and TLP Mains Answer Writing. 3. Daily RaRe Series (RRS) Videos on High Probable Topics (Monday - Friday) In video discussions, special focus is given to topics which have high probability to appear in UPSC Prelims Question Paper. Each session will be of 20 mins to 30 mins, which would cover rapid revision of 10 high probable topics (both static and current affairs) important for Prelims Exam this year according to the schedule. 4. Daily Prelims MCQs from Static (Monday - Friday) Daily Static Quiz will cover all the topics of static subjects – Polity, History, Geography, Economics, Environment and Science and technology. 10 questions will be posted daily and these questions are framed from the topics mentioned in the schedule and in the RaRe videos. It will ensure timely and streamlined revision of your static subjects. Note: Should be integrated with the 60 Days Plan 2021. This will expose you to diverse questions from the same topics. 5. Daily Current Affairs MCQs (Monday - Saturday) Daily 5 Current Affairs questions, based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, would be published from Monday to Saturday. Note: Current Affairs questions covered in the 60 Days Plan and Daily Quiz Monthly Compilations should be covered retrospectively. 6. Daily CSAT Quiz (Monday - Friday) CSAT has been an achilles heel for many aspirants. Daily 5 CSAT Questions will be published. 7. Daily Mains Answer Writing (Monday - Friday) GS Mains will be covered along with Prelims in an integrated manner. Daily three Mains questions will be covered syllabus-wise according to the topics mentioned in the schedule. In total, it covers 250+ Mains Questions along with synopsis. 8. Brainstorming on Ethics & Essay (BEE) (Saturday & Sunday) Each week, Sunil Oberoi Sir (Retd. IAS) will take 3 sessions, two for Essay and one for Ethics. The two sessions earmarked for Essay will have a topic-based discussion where he will discuss the approach to write issue-based and philosophical essays. The topics will be picked from previous year question papers of UPSC and TLP initiative of IASbaba. 9. Full Mocks 3 GS Paper 1 Full Mocks will be provided along the lines of UPSC Prelims. 3 CSAT Paper 2 Full Mocks will be provided so that you are not overwhelmed during the D-Day. 10. Rapid Revision (RaRe) Notes Right material plays important role in clearing the exam and Rapid Revision (RaRe) Notes will have Prelims specific subject-wise refined notes. The main objective is to help students revise most important topics and that too within a very short limited time frame. Day-31 of RaRe Series - Click here To Register - Click here For complete details of the RaRe Series - Click here

Jun 30, 2021 TLP Mains Answer Writing

SYNOPSIS [29th JUNE,2021] Day 122: IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 1): UPSC Mains Answer Writing (General Studies)

For Previous TLP (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE SYNOPSIS [29th JUNE,2021] Day 122: IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 1): UPSC Mains Answer Writing (General Studies) 1. "The conditions which necessitated the formulation and adoption of CSS don't exist anymore". Comment. Also discuss the factors that led to failure/ limited success of CSS. What modifications would you suggest for making CSS more result oriented? Approach Candidates can directly start with giving background of the CSS. And then properly write about working of CSS, in later part address the gaps/failures in its implementation, before conclusion suggestions measures to improve and increase efficiency of CSS can be written. Introduction Centrally sponsored schemes have their origins immediately after independence where India was weak and underdeveloped .The states had limited expertise and resources to achieve over all National objectives such as family planning and hence intervention of centre was required. Body What is CSS? Public services which directly affect the public are in the domain of sub-national governments. For example, subjects like education, health etc, However, due to the inadequacy of funds, financing is done either fully or partially by the Union to ensure that a minimum standard of such services is provided across the country. The CSS is a shared cost programme and is meant to ensure a minimum standard of service across the country. But the CSS have had limited success due to gaps at formulation and implementation stages such as One size fits all approach: Each state has different socioeconomic scenario and thereby have different Priorities. The Imposition of mandatory requirement on financially weaker states. Limited flexibility for states in implementing these schemes With State government having gained sufficient expertise in social sector development it is time to relook at CSS as suggested by Chaturvedi committee on restructuring CSS. Funds available under CSS are tied funds i.e. funds can be spend only for respective schemes for ex. Funds for Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan can be spend on SSA only and nothing else. Now, some states like Kerala don’t need expenditure under SSA so Kerala losses its share of money. Little or insufficient co-ordinations and consultation by the central government with the states regarding framing of policies, allocation of funds, regional specific needs and their implementations. The erstwhile planning commission was the sole powerful body involved in planning CSSs. Too many number of schemes led to overlapping and interfering goals and implementation which took resources away from the core schemes. States need to spend matching fund to avail money from centre i.e. to avail 75% share from centre, state needs to spend their share of 25% first. Now many states do not have capacity to spend this 25%. So they don’t get money under that head. Some measures to improve efficiency and effectiveness of CSS are Reducing and categorising CSS schemes as core and optional based on national priorities. Consultation with states at Design, formulation and implementation stages. CSS should now focus on Capital intensive sectors such as infrastructure and power where coordination among many states is required. Increase the flexi component in them to provide flexibility to state to suit their requirement. Flexi funds – There may be different priority for the states but the health, Sanitation etc. is priority for all but in different quantum. Centre shall give 20% flexibility in the use of the Funds. Consulting state in their design and implementation. A forum for continuous dialogue, feedback and learning could set effective precedent for “cooperative federalism”. Establishing better synergies at district level among various CSS and avoiding tendency to create parallel machinery for each of them. Restructuring and Rationalisation of CSS, should not mean mere rearrangement. As it has been observed over the period of time that most of the CSS have been repackaged and retained. With NITI Aayog Focussing on cooperative federalism there is hope that states will have a greater say in the planning and formulation of CSS thereby addressing gaps in design, implentation and effectiveness of the CSS. Conclusion Since the schemes are implemented by states, they should have substantial flexibility to ensure that the schemes benefit the targeted groups. Restructuring of the CSS which will entail constitutional amendment in Seventh Schedule should be done after thorough deliberations with all stakeholders. This revision should not be done without consultation with states, Interstate Council can be the ideal platform to discuss these issues. 2. Write a critical note on the nature of relationship within federal framework between Delhi state and the Union government. (200 Words, 10 Marks). Approach As question demands critical note on the nature of relationship of Delhi government and union government candidates need to highlight the legal and political controversies involved. Then suggest few measures to overcome the shortcomings in federal framework. Introduction Delhi was given a fully elected legislative assembly and a responsible government through an amendment in the constitution in 1991. Though technically a Union Territory, Delhi was treated as a special case, being the capital of the country, and given a special constitutional status by parliament in exercise of its constituent power as against its normal legislative power. Body Nature of Relationship Between Delhi and Union government: Delhi doesn’t follow the federal structure of other states and the union govt. is the main governing body. These had led to clashes between the local govt. and the union govt. Due to the co-existence of Article 239 and 239AA, there is a jurisdictional conflict between the government of NCT and the Union Government and its representative, the Lieutenant Governor. According to the Union government, New Delhi being a Union Territory Article 239 empowers the Lieutenant Governor to act independently of his Council of Ministers. However, the state government of Delhi held that the Article 239AA of the Constitution bestows special status to Delhi of having its own legislatively elected government. This creates a tussle around the administrative powers of the LG and state government of NCT of Delhi. For example: Delhi Government has held that the appointment of prosecutors to the Supreme Court and High Court, is exclusively within the purview of the State government. On the other hand, LG appointed all the prosecutors whose names were submitted by the Delhi Police (under the control of Ministry of Home Affairs) and thus the State government’s list was rejected. Though the court has settled that LG is bound to act on the aid and advice except in respect of ‘Land’, ‘Public Order’ and the ‘Police’. However, Public Order is a very wide connotation, which subsequently leads to overlapping executive powers. The court did not very clearly delineate the issues in respect of which the LG can refer a decision taken by the Council of Ministers to the President in the event of a difference of opinion between the LG and the State government. Though the court has settled that LG is bound to act on the aid and advice except in respect of ‘Land’, ‘Public Order’ and the ‘Police’. However, Public Order is a very wide connotation, which subsequently leads to overlapping executive powers. Many constitutional experts are of the view that the recently proposed bill is the very antithesis of what the Court has said. They held that the Bill, if it becomes law, will wholly undermine the Court’s efforts to strengthen the elected government vis-à-vis the appointed Lieutenant Governor. Way forward: Justice Chandrachud in NCT vs UOI case, 2018 mentioned the term “constitutional objectivity” as the key to checks and balances between the legislature and executive. Constitutional objectivity ensures that the two operate within their allotted spheres since “legitimate constitutional trust” is based on distribution and separation of powers with denial of absolute power to anyone functionary being the ultimate goal. The fundamental principles of constitutionalism embodies the concept of limited powers as its central idea. To sustain these ethos the highest importance should be given to people who are the real sovereigns and who speak through their elected representatives. Thereby, the central government should move towards allocating greater powers to city governments. In this context, India should emulate several large megapolis around the globe, from Jakarta and Seoul to London and Paris, which have had strong sub-national governments. Conclusion The Supreme Court, in the NCT Delhi case, rightly employed a purposive interpretation of the Constitution to hold that since representative government is a basic feature of the Constitution, the elected government must have primacy. A mature discussion between stakeholders that looks beyond short-term political gains holds the potential to resolve the embedded contradiction. 3. Critically examine the impact of coalition-politics on the Indian Political System. Make a case on the need for cooperative federalism in today’s world. Approach Candidates need to critically examine the impact of coalition politics by giving both side of arguments. And as question demands highlight on relevance of the cooperatives federalism in todays political system. Introduction The slow decline of national parties and emergence of regional parties led to the evolution of coalition politics in India. Its influence on Indian Political System is one of degree than of kind. 1960’s saw several regional movement centred upon the regional issues. This led to emergence of multiple political parties successfully contesting assembly elections based on regional issues. Body Impact of coalition politics: Breakdown of ‘Congress System’: During first decade after independence, Congress remained largely unchallenged, as a large umbrella party. However, with challenges of poverty and price rise, power struggle between Prime Minister and old guard of congress known as ‘syndicate’, wars with neighbours etc., congress lost its umbrella character and was now dominated by single powerful personality. Democratic Base: Providing representation to regional and sectoral groups strengthens democracy. But, post poll alliances do not necessarily represent people’s will. Policy formulation: Prevents extreme measures and checks tyranny through consensus based politics. At the same time leads to policy paralysis, suppression of individual dissent through whips. International Relations: Considers the regional stake holders in formulating foreign policy but can adversely affect foreign relations. Ex – West Bengal delaying Teesta pact with Bangladesh. Accountability : While increasing intra-alliance accountability, it also provides opportunities for corruption defection for want of share in executive power. Government formation: Assists formation of government in case of hung assembly and prevents expensive electoral process. But such governments are threatened by instability. Representation of regional parties in Central government assists co-operative federalism where strong center supports strong states and vice versa. Coalition government threw its own challenges of like unstable governments, emergence of culture of defections, increased conflict between Centre and State etc: Prior to 1960 there the federal provisions of constitution remained practically unused. The Centre – State relations were managed with in Congress party itself through informal discussions, as same party was in power in centre and states. After emergence of non congress governments at states there emerged number of conflict between centre and states. The widespread abuse of article 356 to control state government was direct cause of desire of centre to control states despite progressive fragmentation of Indian polity. Fragmentation of Polity also fuelled secessionist tendencies among various regions, for example secessionist movement in north east and Punjab ( Khalistan Movement). Leadership of the Prime Minister is a principle of parliamentary form of government. This principle is curtailed in a coalition government as the Prime Minister is required to consult the coalition partners before taking any major decisions. There is a possibility of the smaller constituents of the coalition government playing the role of a ‘king-maker’. They demand more than strength in the Parliament. Coopertive federalism is a step forward where states can play crucial role in national planning: Cooperative federalism refers to a concept where various states cooperate with each other and with the centre to achieve the goals of growth, development of the states and the nation. The concept of cooperative federalism put forward the view that the national and state governments are partners in the exercise of governmental authority. They cooperate in working out details concerning which level of government takes responsibility for particular areas and creating policy in that area. The Constitution provided for institutions like inter-state councils to serve as a platform for consultation between the centre and the states. The inter-state council has just turned out as a platform of talks with less progress on real issues. Inter-state council has met twice in 50 years, and has not been taken seriously as a vehicle of cooperative federalism. The disbandment of the Planning Commission (PC) and its replacement by the NITI Aayog is specifically designed to promote cooperative federalism. NITI Aayog is concentrating on the broader policy framework instead of micro resource-allocated functions. The setting up of the Niti Aayog is widely expected to set the stage for dealing with contemporary challenges, shunning the earlier one-size-fits-all approach. Conclusion Cooperation plays a crucial role in dealing with many economic and social policies. Cooperative federalism alone strengthens the nation from within by enabling it to withstand adversities and challenges because of its inherent resilience and malleability. Thus efforts must be made towards cooperative federalism. TLP Synopsis Day 122 PDF

Jun 30, 2021 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2021 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 30th JUNE 2021

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :) After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken, and solutions. To take the Test - Click Here

Jun 30, 2021 TLP Mains Answer Writing

IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 1): UPSC Mains Answer Writing – General Studies Paper 1 Questions [30th JUNE,2021] – Day 123

For Previous TLP (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE Hello Friends, Welcome to IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 1): UPSC Mains Answer Writing – General Studies Paper 1 Questions [30th JUNE,2021] – Day 123 TLP (Phase 1) just got over on 8th May (Saturday) and we are extremely thankful for your active participation to make this program a success. Well, though TLP (Phase 1) got over, ‘Picture abhi baaqi hai mere dost’. There is a surprise for you. Since prelims is bound to get delayed once again this year, its not wise to leave the writing practice just now. Hence, we are extending the TLP program We will be posting 3 questions per day (Monday to Friday). The questions will be based on Current Affairs, so that you don’t have to invest your time separately on exclusively mains oriented topics. So, keep practicing and keep improving. To Know More about TLP -> CLICK HERE For Previous TLP (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE Note: Click on Each Question (Link), it will open in a new tab and then Answer respective questions! 1. What are tornadoes? How do they originate? Why are they so destructive? Discuss.(10 Marks) बवंडर क्या हैं? वे कैसे उत्पन्न होते हैं? वे इतने विनाशकारी क्यों हैं? चर्चा करें। 2. What is storm surge? What factors control the magnitude of a storm surge? Discuss(10 Marks) तूफान वृद्धि क्या है? कौन से कारक तूफान की वृद्धि की भयावहता को नियंत्रित करते हैं? चर्चा करें 3. Global warming is a reality, that is affecting the glacial landforms, flora & fauna across the globe. Do you agree? Substantiate with the help of suitable examples.(15 Marks) ग्लोबल वार्मिंग एक वास्तविकता है, जो दुनिया भर में हिमनदों, वनस्पतियों और जीवों को प्रभावित कर रही है। क्या आप सहमत हैं? उपयुक्त उदाहरणों की सहायता से पुष्टि कीजिए। AWARE ( Answer Writing REdefined) Series - 7 Steps to Master Answer Writing Skills by Mohan Sir - CLICK HERE P.S: The review from IASbaba will happen from the time the question is posted till 10 pm every day. We would also encourage peer reviews. So friends get actively involved and start reviewing each other's answers. This will keep the entire community motivated. All the Best :)

Jun 30, 2021 AIR

Vehicle Scrappage Policy - All India Radio (AIR) IAS UPSC

ARCHIVES Search 19th March, 2021 Spotlight here: http://www.newsonair.com/Main_Audio_Bulletins_Search.aspx TOPIC: General Studies 2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. In News: Union Transport Minister Nitin Gadkari announced the much awaited vehicle scrappage policy and said the policy aims to keep old polluting vehicles from plying on roads. There are 51 lakh vehicles in India which are older than 20 years, 34 lakh vehicles which are more than 15 years old and around 17 lakh vehicles older than 15 years, but do not have vehicle fitness certificates. Old vehicles pollute air 10-12 times more compared to vehicles that are fit, and also pose a risk for road safety. Both commercial and private vehicles will be de-registered after 15 and 20 years respectively and their re-registration will be discouraged. Owners of old vehicles will get strong incentives to scrap old and unfit vehicles. Further, the new vehicle scrappage policy will be a win-win proposal for the auto industry. The scheme would come in effect from April 1, 2020, coinciding with the implementation of the BS-VI norms. Salient Features Fitness Tests: The new policy provides for fitness tests after the completion of 20 years in the case of privately owned vehicles and 15 years in the case of commercial vehicles. Any vehicle that fails the fitness test or does not manage renewal of its registration certificate may be declared as an End of Life Vehicle. Government Vehicles: All government vehicles and those owned by PSUs will be de-registered after 15 years. Phased manner of implementation: The policy will kick-in for government vehicles from April 1, 2022. Mandatory fitness testing for heavy commercial vehicles will start from April 1, 2023, and for all other categories of vehicles, including personal vehicles, it will start in phases from June 1, 2024. Incentives for Scrapping: Policy includes Central advisories to States to give up to 25% rebate in road tax for personal vehicles and up to 15% rebate for commercial vehicles. The government will also offer waiver of registration fees on the purchase of new vehicles. Incentive for automakers: Central government to issue advisory to auto makers to offer the incentive of a 5% rebate for those who buy a new vehicle after producing a scrapping certificate. Disinventivicing Older Vehicles: Older vehicles pollute the environment 10 to 12 times more. As a disincentive, increased re-registration fees would be applicable for vehicles 15 years or older from the initial date registration. Benefits of the Policy Boosts Automobile Sector: The policy pushes for buying of new vehicles by phasing out older vehicles. It is estimated that automobile industry in India will see a jump in turnover to ₹10 lakh crore from ₹4.5 lakh crore. Increase government’s revenue collection from the sale of new vehicles. Help reduce pollution: Older vehicles are known to pollute environment 10-12 times more than new vehicles, thus this policy is a step in reducing pollution. Improve fuel efficiency: Older vehicles performance is lower thereby consuming more fuel. Replacing older vehicles with new vehicles will therefore boost fuel efficiency of the economy. Spare Parts Prices will fall: The prices of auto components would fall substantially with the recycling of metal and plastic parts. Post-COVID Recovery: Vehicle scrappage and replacement is seen internationally as a route to rejuvenate COVID-19-affected economies by privileging green technologies, notably electric vehicles (EVs) Creates Recycling Ecosystem: The policy will pave the way for the creation of an ecosystem of vehicular scrapping facilities and a market for recycled raw materials. Helps achieve Paris Climate Goals: The policy is also seen as an initiative to achieve net zero emissions by mid-century under Paris Agreement commitments. Challenges Enforcement will be key to get them scrapped once they are found unfit for use and to stop them from moving to smaller towns. Federal Challenges: All the States should be on board. Backing of manufacturers is also essential who stand to benefit from a spurt in demand. Heavy commercial vehicles, which contribute disproportionately to pollution — 1.7 million lack fitness certificates — pose the biggest challenge. Disproportionately impacts small operators: Many of these cannot be replaced quickly in the absence of financial arrangements for small operators, who have opposed the new measures. Advisory Nature of incentives: Interestingly, the discounts against scrapping certificates are merely an advisory and not a mandate, i.e. it will be up to automakers’ to offer discounts at all. What more can be done? States must also come on board to provide road tax and registration concessions, while the automobile industry is expected to sweeten the deal with genuine discounts on new vehicles. The Centre has to arrive at a balance and have incentives that reward manufacturers of vehicles that are the most fuel-efficient. Failure to prioritise fuel efficiency and mandate even higher standards and enhance taxes on fuel guzzlers will only repeat the mistakes of vehicle exchange programmes abroad, where full environmental benefits could not be realised, and taxpayers ended up subsidising inefficiency. Conclusion Very few vehicles would actually be older than 20 years in the current vehicular population- CRISIL Research said in its policy analysis. Analysts said the benefit offered under the scrappage policy would be 15% of the vehicle’s price. But this advantage would be muted as prices of diesel vehicles were expected to rise 10-15% once the new norms (BS-VI) come into force. Connecting the Dots: In what ways will Vehicle Scrappage Policy boost the auto sector? How significant will the implementation of Vehicle Scrappage Policy be towards reducing pollution?

Jun 30, 2021 RSTV Video

Vehicle Scrappage Policy – The Big Picture – RSTV IAS UPSC

Archives TOPIC: General Studies 2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. In News: Union Transport Minister Nitin Gadkari announced the much awaited vehicle scrappage policy and said the policy aims to keep old polluting vehicles from plying on roads. There are 51 lakh vehicles in India which are older than 20 years, 34 lakh vehicles which are more than 15 years old and around 17 lakh vehicles older than 15 years, but do not have vehicle fitness certificates. Old vehicles pollute air 10-12 times more compared to vehicles that are fit, and also pose a risk for road safety. Both commercial and private vehicles will be de-registered after 15 and 20 years respectively and their re-registration will be discouraged. Owners of old vehicles will get strong incentives to scrap old and unfit vehicles. Further, the new vehicle scrappage policy will be a win-win proposal for the auto industry. The scheme would come in effect from April 1, 2020, coinciding with the implementation of the BS-VI norms. Salient Features Fitness Tests: The new policy provides for fitness tests after the completion of 20 years in the case of privately owned vehicles and 15 years in the case of commercial vehicles. Any vehicle that fails the fitness test or does not manage renewal of its registration certificate may be declared as an End of Life Vehicle. Government Vehicles: All government vehicles and those owned by PSUs will be de-registered after 15 years. Phased manner of implementation: The policy will kick-in for government vehicles from April 1, 2022. Mandatory fitness testing for heavy commercial vehicles will start from April 1, 2023, and for all other categories of vehicles, including personal vehicles, it will start in phases from June 1, 2024. Incentives for Scrapping: Policy includes Central advisories to States to give up to 25% rebate in road tax for personal vehicles and up to 15% rebate for commercial vehicles. The government will also offer waiver of registration fees on the purchase of new vehicles. Incentive for automakers: Central government to issue advisory to auto makers to offer the incentive of a 5% rebate for those who buy a new vehicle after producing a scrapping certificate. Disinventivicing Older Vehicles: Older vehicles pollute the environment 10 to 12 times more. As a disincentive, increased re-registration fees would be applicable for vehicles 15 years or older from the initial date registration. Benefits of the Policy Boosts Automobile Sector: The policy pushes for buying of new vehicles by phasing out older vehicles. It is estimated that automobile industry in India will see a jump in turnover to ₹10 lakh crore from ₹4.5 lakh crore. Increase government’s revenue collection from the sale of new vehicles. Help reduce pollution: Older vehicles are known to pollute environment 10-12 times more than new vehicles, thus this policy is a step in reducing pollution. Improve fuel efficiency: Older vehicles performance is lower thereby consuming more fuel. Replacing older vehicles with new vehicles will therefore boost fuel efficiency of the economy. Spare Parts Prices will fall: The prices of auto components would fall substantially with the recycling of metal and plastic parts. Post-COVID Recovery: Vehicle scrappage and replacement is seen internationally as a route to rejuvenate COVID-19-affected economies by privileging green technologies, notably electric vehicles (EVs) Creates Recycling Ecosystem: The policy will pave the way for the creation of an ecosystem of vehicular scrapping facilities and a market for recycled raw materials. Helps achieve Paris Climate Goals: The policy is also seen as an initiative to achieve net zero emissions by mid-century under Paris Agreement commitments. Challenges Enforcement will be key to get them scrapped once they are found unfit for use and to stop them from moving to smaller towns. Federal Challenges: All the States should be on board. Backing of manufacturers is also essential who stand to benefit from a spurt in demand. Heavy commercial vehicles, which contribute disproportionately to pollution — 1.7 million lack fitness certificates — pose the biggest challenge. Disproportionately impacts small operators: Many of these cannot be replaced quickly in the absence of financial arrangements for small operators, who have opposed the new measures. Advisory Nature of incentives: Interestingly, the discounts against scrapping certificates are merely an advisory and not a mandate, i.e. it will be up to automakers’ to offer discounts at all. What more can be done? States must also come on board to provide road tax and registration concessions, while the automobile industry is expected to sweeten the deal with genuine discounts on new vehicles. The Centre has to arrive at a balance and have incentives that reward manufacturers of vehicles that are the most fuel-efficient. Failure to prioritise fuel efficiency and mandate even higher standards and enhance taxes on fuel guzzlers will only repeat the mistakes of vehicle exchange programmes abroad, where full environmental benefits could not be realised, and taxpayers ended up subsidising inefficiency. Conclusion Very few vehicles would actually be older than 20 years in the current vehicular population- CRISIL Research said in its policy analysis. Analysts said the benefit offered under the scrappage policy would be 15% of the vehicle’s price. But this advantage would be muted as prices of diesel vehicles were expected to rise 10-15% once the new norms (BS-VI) come into force. Connecting the Dots: In what ways will Vehicle Scrappage Policy boost the auto sector? How significant will the implementation of Vehicle Scrappage Policy be towards reducing pollution? Electric Vehicles Vs Hydrogen Fuel Cell based Vehicles

Jun 29, 2021 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 29th June 2021

Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Govt. unveils ₹6.28 lakh cr stimulus post second COVID wave Part of: GS Prelims and GS -III - Economy In news The Indian Finance Minister announced some fresh relief measures for the economy, after the second COVID-19 wave. It focuses largely on extending loan guarantees and concessional credit for pandemic-hit sectors and investments to ramp up healthcare capacities. Key takeaways Health: Government will provide guarantee and the interest rate will also be capped at 7.95%, This will be the maximum rate which the banks can charge while lending. A separate ₹23,220 crore has been allocated for public health with a focus on paediatric care, which will also be utilised for increasing ICU beds, oxygen supply and augmenting medical care professionals for the short term by recruiting final year students and interns. Expansion of the existing Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme (ECLGS) It is extended by ₹1.5 lakh crore. A new ₹7,500 crore scheme announced to guarantee loans upto ₹1.25 lakh to small borrowers through micro-finance institutions. Tourism: Free one-month visas for five lakh tourists, Plan to support over 11,000 registered tourist guides and travel agencies Working capital or personal loans to be provided Loans will be provided with a 100% guarantee under the scheme to be administered by the Ministry of Tourism. New seed varieties for farmers and additional outlays over the next two years to expand broadband to all Gram Panchayats. Indian Initiatives Shaping Energy Transition Part of: GS Prelims and GS -III - Energy Sector In news Recently, the Minister of State for New & Renewable Energy launched ‘The India Story’ booklet. It is a compilation of Indian initiatives that are shaping India’s energy transition. It was launched at the event on Accelerating Citizen Centric Energy Transition. The Minister also launched a website which will act as a repository of energy transition related knowledge resources from around the world. Key Points of the booklet In the last 6 years, India’s installed Renewable Energy (RE) capacity has increased by over two and a half times and stands at more than 141 Giga Watts (including large Hydro). The installed solar energy capacity has increased by over 15 times, and stands at 41.09 GW. During the last 7 years, over USD 70 billion investments has been made in RE in India. India allows 100% FDI through the automatic route in energy sector. Renewable Energy Investment Promotion and Facilitation Board (REIPFB) Portal has also been developed to provide one-stop assistance and facilitation to the Industry and Investors for development of projects and bringing new investment to the Renewable Energy sector in India. Several members from the Industry have voluntarily declared RE goals and committed to the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), Renewable 100% (RE100) and Science based targets (SBTs). Rules are being framed for a 'green tariff' policy that will help electricity Distribution Companies (Discoms) supply electricity generated from clean energy projects at a cheaper rate as compared to power from conventional fuel sources. The government is promoting Green Hydrogen with obligations for Fertilizers and Refining industries (Green Hydrogen Purchase obligations). Recent initiatives in renewable energy sector Viability Gap Funding options for Offshore Wind Energy Green Term Ahead Market and Green Day Ahead Market. Rules for facilitating RE through Open Access and RE procurement through exchanges will also be notified to promote non - conventional resources of energy. International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – health; Policies and interventions In news Recently, the Minister for Social Justice & Empowerment launched the website for the Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan (NMBA) on the occasion of International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking (26th June). Launched by: UN General Assembly in December 1987 Objective: To strengthen action and cooperation in achieving the goal of a world free of drug abuse, 2021 Theme: Share Drug Facts to Save Lives. Related Initiatives to drug free world: Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961. The Convention on Psychotropic Substances, 1971. The UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, 1988. India is a signatory to all three and has enacted the Narcotics Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act, 1985 Initiatives by India Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan/Drugs-Free India Campaign: Focal points: Preventive, mass education and sensitization, capacity building of service providers, positive partnership with educational institutions, and augmentation of treatment, rehabilitation and counselling facilities. National Action Plan for Drug Demand Reduction: Aims: Reduction of adverse consequences of drug abuse through a multi-pronged strategy involving education, de-addiction and rehabilitation of affected individuals and their families. MoU signed between the Ministry of Agriculture and Microsoft Part of: GS Prelims and GS -II - Policies and interventions In news Recently, the Ministry of Agriculture has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Microsoft to run a pilot programme for 100 villages in 6 states. The MoU requires Microsoft to create a ‘Unified Farmer Service Interface’ through its cloud computing services. It involves creating ‘AgriStack’ on which everything else will be built. About AgriStack It is a collection of technologies and digital databases that focuses on farmers and the agricultural sector. AgriStack will create a unified platform for farmers to provide them end to end services across the agriculture food value chain. It is in line with the Centre’s Digital India programme, aimed at providing a broader push to digitise data in India, from land titles to medical records. Each farmer will have a unique digital identification (farmers’ ID) that contains personal details, Each ID will be linked to the individual's digital national ID Aadhaar. Need of the MoU At present, the majority of farmers across India are small and marginal farmers with limited access to advanced technologies or formal credit that can help improve output and fetch better prices. Benefits Problems such as inadequate access to credit and information, pest infestation, crop wastage, can be addressed by use of digital technology. It will increase innovation and investment towards the agricultural sector Agni - Prime : New-generation nuclear-capable ballistic missile Part of: GS Prelims and GS III - Defence and Security In news A new-generation nuclear-capable ballistic missile, Agni-P (Prime) was successfully test-fired by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). About Agni-P (Prime) The ‘Agni Prime’ is the advanced version of the ‘Agni-1’ missile. It is a short-range ballistic missile that will have a range of 1000 km to 1500 km. It will have advanced features in agility and road mobility. It is a surface to a surface missile that can carry a payload of around 1,000 Kg or a nuclear warhead. The double stage missile will be lighter and much sleeker than its predecessor ‘Agni-1’. It is a canisterised missile. Canisterisation of missiles reduces the time required to launch the missile while improving its storage and mobility. About Agni class of missiles The Agni class of missiles are the mainstay of India’s nuclear launch capability which also includes the Prithvi short-range ballistic missiles, submarine-launched ballistic missiles and fighter aircraft. Important value additions Submarine missiles In the past few years, India has also operationalised its submarine-based nuclear launch capability, completing the nuclear triad. The DRDO successfully test-fired a 3,500-km range submarine-launched ballistic missile, K-4. Once inducted, these missiles will be the mainstay of the Arihant class of indigenous ballistic missile nuclear submarines (SSBN). It will give India the stand-off capability to launch nuclear weapons submerged in Indian waters. INS Arihant, the only SSBN in service, is armed with K-15 missiles with a range of 750 km. Miscellaneous Project Seabird and INS Kadamba INS Kadamba is an Indian Navy base located near Karwar in Karnataka. The first phase of construction of the base was code-named Project Seabird which was completed in 2005. Development of Phase II commenced in 2011. Project Seabird involves construction of a naval base over an area of 11,169 acres. Phase I comprised construction of a deep-sea harbour, a township, a naval hospital, a dockyard uplift centre and a ship lift. It was completed in 2005. Phase-II (2012) envisages expanding facilities to house additional warships and set up a new Naval Air Station. INS Kadamba is currently the third-largest Indian naval base. It is expected to become the largest naval base in the eastern hemisphere after completion of expansion Phase II. However, the project involves several technical and environmental challenges. (Mains Focus) ECONOMY/ GOVERNANCE Topic: GS-2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. GS-3: Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life E-Commerce Regulation Context: Recently, government published draft e-commerce rules under Consumer Protection Act. Contributions of E-commerce Sector Empowered Consumers: Over the past 10 years, e-commerce has empowered consumers probably more than any other intervention. Through its network, it has reached every corner of the country and enabled consumers to get goods at the click of button. Brought Parity amongst Consumers: E-commerce companies has created a parity between consumers from all sections, social and geographical strata. Consumers across the country have more and equal choice, increased accessibility, and convenience. Empowered sellers: The emergence of pan-India e-commerce companies has helped products/brands to reach even the remotest corners of the country at the most affordable price. Sellers have more access and ease of selling with reduced inventory and logistics costs. Saviour during Pandemic Times: E-commerce emerged as the hero in keeping the economic engine running by supporting MSME sellers to replenish inventories as well as catering to consumer demand during lockdown Concerns Increasing Government Intervention: The past few years have witnessed numerous regulations (draft e-commerce policy, FDI norms, Personal Data Protection Bill) that have been proposed to streamline/regulate the e-commerce sector. Small segment in large market: Streamlining the growth of the sector is important given its market potential, but government has to be mindful that this is a nascent sector and accounts for only four per cent of the total retail market in India Can become Counter-productive: Over-regulation tends to curb competition and create monopolies instead of ensuring its holistic growth dovetailed with fair competition. Increased complexity of Doing Business: The new draft e-commerce rules would make the operating framework for e-commerce entities in India much more complex due to the compliance requirements that it requires to be followed. Overlapping regulation: The proposed amendments seem to have an overlap with existing regulations under FDI norms and Competition Law. Clauses about related party transactions and exercising control over sellers, in case of marketplaces, have been addressed through existing FDI press regulations. Going back to control era: The new e-commerce rules has the potential of creating a licensing regime for the sector given the powers of regulators, which may again limit competition and become detrimental for consumers. Discourages investment: When the time is ripe to open up the economy to encourage investments, these amendments will act as a disincentive for e-commerce companies and sellers. Conclusion While the intent behind enacting these regulations is noble – to protect consumer interests – these complex regulations may have unintended effects on the sector that has thrived and expanded to empower both consumers and sellers over the past few years. Connecting the dots: New IT rules Social Media Concerns Dominance of Big tech Australia’s News Media Bargaining Code RIGHTS/ GOVERNANCE/ SOCIETY Topic: GS-2: Social empowerment and Fundamental Rights GS-2: Judiciary and their role Right to be Forgotten Context: The Delhi high court recently granted relief to a petitioner seeking to exercise his “right to be forgotten”. The petitioner, who was earlier acquitted in a narcotics case, appealed for the removal of the judgment of his acquittal from online platforms such as Google and Indian Kanoon. This is not the first case of this kind in India and it will not be the last dealing with such issues. The right to be forgotten It is a right to have one’s personal information removed from publicly available sources on certain grounds. It has its roots in the French right of oblivion which allows for individuals who have been convicted of a crime to prevent the publication of facts about the crime. However, RTBF gained currency after the 2014 decision of the Court of Justice of the European Union (“CJEU”) in the Google Spain case RTBF went on to be incorporated in Article 17 of the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation which came into effect in 2018. RTBF in India In India, RTBF has not attained legislative sanction yet. So far, the Supreme Court has not dealt with a case directly on the RTBF issue. Different high courts have adjudicated upon such requests. The Gujarat high court refused the application by an accused in 2014 while the high courts of Karnataka (2017) and Orissa (2020) have allowed masking the name of victims in criminal proceedings, recognising their right to privacy. Arguments for RTGF Information on adverse judgments against an individual or an entity might be harmful to their reputation, hence they have the right to be forgotten RTBF is also considered as integral part of the individual’s right to privacy. Arguments against RTBF is clashing against the society’s right to know It may not be suitable to be applied for judicial proceedings as RTBF may harm the transparency/openness of judicial process. Open courts promote transparency and help make the judiciary more accountable. Way Ahead There is a need for clear directives on how the RTBF can be applied in specific situations. The Supreme Court is best placed to come up with a policy on the implementation of RTBF by courts. At a time when the judiciary is entering Phase III of its ambitious eCourts project, rights such as RTBF will have to be coded into any technology solution that is developed for judicial data storage and management Connecting the dots: Right to Privacy Right to Public Protests Children’s Right to Protest and Safeguards for Child Witness (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Comments Up-voted by IASbaba are also the “correct answers”. Q.1 Consider the following statements: INS Kadamba is an Indian Navy base located near Karwar in Karnataka. INS Kadamba is currently the third-largest Indian naval base. Which of the above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2 Consider the following statements About Agni-P (Prime) The ‘Agni Prime’ is the advanced version of the ‘Agni-1’ missile. It is a short-range ballistic missile that will have a range of 1000 km to 1500 km. Which of the above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 ANSWERS FOR 28th June 2021 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 C 2 C 3 A Must Read On Privatization: The Hindu On India’s nutritional crisis: Deccan Herald On Anti-defection: Deccan Herald

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