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IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 2nd December 2021

Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Bill, 2020 Part of: Prelims and GS-II- Health  In News: The Lok Sabha passed the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Bill, 2020, that proposes the establishment of a national registry and registration authority for all clinics and medical professionals serving in the field.  Key Takeaways The ART bill seeks to set minimum standards and codes of conduct for fertility clinics and egg/sperm banks. The bill provides for the “safe and ethical practice of assisted reproductive technology services”, including egg or sperm donation, in-vitro fertilisation (IVF), intrauterine insemination (IUI), and gestational surrogacy. The bill also aims to introduce protections for egg donors, gestational surrogates, and children conceived through ART services. Offences under the bill include  Clinics offering sex selection Abandoning or exploiting children born through ART Selling, buying, or importing of human embryos,  Exploiting the couple or donors concerned in any form.  Proposed jail terms for violations range from five to 12 years, and fines from Rs 5 lakh to Rs 25 lakh. G20’s TROIKA Part of: Prelims and GS-II- International  In News: India joined the G20 ‘Troika’ With this move, India has started the procedure for taking over the G20 presidency next year. Key Takeaways Troika refers to the top grouping within the G20 that consists of the current, previous and the incoming presidencies — Indonesia, Italy and India. India will assume the G20 presidency on December 1, 2022 from Indonesia, and will convene the G20 Leaders’ Summit for the first time in India in 2023. Italy hosted the G20 summit during October 30-31 that was attended by Prime Minister Narendra Modi where India had raised the issue of Afghanistan’s future following the takeover by the Taliban. Indonesia took over the G20 presidency on December 2, 2021. Next year’s summit will be organised along the overall theme of “Recover Together, Recover Stronger”. As a Troika member, India will work closely with Indonesia and Italy to ensure consistency and continuity of the G20’s agenda. Pragyata Guidelines Part of: Prelims and GS-II- Education In News: Keeping in view the availability of digital infrastructure PRAGYATA Guidelines on Digital Education had been issued to all State governments as well as Schools directly under Central Government as advice.  The guidelines brief on various modes of digital education including online mode that depends more on availability of internet, partially online mode that utilizes the blended approach of digital technology and other offline activities, and offline mode that utilizes television and radio as a major medium of instruction of education. This information was given by the Union Minister of Education, Shri Dharmendra Pradhan in a written reply in the Rajya Sabha. India-ITU Joint Cyberdrill 2021 Part of: Prelims and GS-III- Cyber Security  In News: Department of Telecommunications (DoT) and International Telecommunication Union (ITU) have commenced India-ITU Joint Cyberdrill 2021.  It is a four days virtual event starting from 30 November to 3 December 2021 About: This Cyberdrill is intended for Indian entities especially Critical Network Infrastructure operators. Several experts from ITU, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), INTERPOL, National Security Council Secretariat (NSCS), Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) and other eminent organizations participated in the inaugural session. More than 400 participants participated from critical sectors, namely, power, insurance, finance, CERT-In and CSIRT, industry, academia, telecom service providers and field units of DoT. India has secured 10th rank in the ITU Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI). Global Fuel Economy Initiative (GEFI) Part of: Prelims and GS-III- Cyber Security  In News: According to GFEI 2021, the global goal to halve the fuel consumption of new light-duty vehicles by 2030 from 2005 levels is stalling.  The average rated fuel consumption of new light-duty vehicles fell by only 0.9% between 2017 and 2019.  The 3 major car markets - China, the European Union and the US - accounted for 60% of global sales of light-duty vehicles in 2019, which totalled 90 million, down 7% from 2017 A number of factors were responsible for the slowing pace of improvement between 2017 and 2019. These included- Stagnating fuel economy standards in the US and the EU up to 2019 Market share of SUVs is increased and these cars can use almost one-third more fuel than a medium-sized car Slow adoption of electric cars to compensate for larger vehicles About GFEI The Global Fuel Economy Initiative (GFEI) is collaboration between the UNEP, IEA, the University of California, International Council on Clean Transportation, International Transport Forum and the FIA Foundation. GFEI promotes fuel efficiency in cars and light duty vans, through the adoption of the cost effective fuel efficiency technologies. The objective of the GFEI is to help stabilize greenhouse gas emissions from the global light duty vehicle fleet through a 50% improvement of vehicle fuel efficiency worldwide by 2050. GFEI promotes the introduction of cleaner, more energy efficient vehicles in developing and transitional countries. It offers support to governments to develop fuel economy policies. (News from PIB) World AIDS Day: It is observed on 1st December AIDS is a pandemic disease caused by the infection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which damages the human immune system. It is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition. By damaging immune system, HIV interferes with the body’s ability to fight infection and disease. The virus can be transmitted through contact with infected blood, semen or vaginal fluids. AIDS symptoms include weight loss, fever or night sweats, fatigue and recurrent infections. No cure exists for AIDS. Strict adherence to antiretroviral regimens (ARVs) can slow the disease’s progress and prevent secondary infections and complications. Initiatives by India India’s unique HIV prevention model is centered around the concept of ‘Social Contracting’ through which the ‘Targeted Interventions Program’ is implemented. The HIV & AIDS Prevention and Control Act, 2017, provides a legal and enabling framework to safeguard the human rights of infected and affected populations. India is providing free anti-retro-viral treatment to close to 1.4 million people. Project Sunrise: Launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (2016) to tackle the rising HIV prevalence in north-eastern states  The Red Ribbon: Wearing a ribbon is a way to raise awareness on and during the run up to World AIDS Day. 90-90-90: 90% of those who are HIV positive in India know their status, 90% of those who know their status are on treatment and 90% of those who are on treatment experience effective viral load suppression. Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM): It is designed to accelerate the end of AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria as epidemics. National AIDS Control Program Launched by: The National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) launched in 1992-1999. NACO is a division of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. India is gradually transitioning the people living with HIV to Dolutegravir (a safer and efficacious anti-retro-viral medication regimen). Employment of Rural Youth Part of: Prelims and Mains GS – II – Government policies and interventions Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS): This is a demand driven wage employment programme which provide for the enhancement of livelihood security of the households in rural areas of the country by providing at least one hundred days of guaranteed wage employment in every financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY): This is a placement linked skill development programme for wage employment. Skill development through Rural Self Employment and Training Institutes (RSETIs): This enables a trainee to take bank credit and start his/her own Micro-enterprise. Some of such trainees may also seek regular salaried jobs. Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY): For Skill based training of the youth across the country including of youth belonging to Scheduled Caste/ Scheduled Tribe/ Economically weaker Section under Short Term Training (STT) courses and Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL).  Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP): Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises is implementing Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP), which is a major credit-linked subsidy programme aimed at generating self-employment opportunities through establishment of micro-enterprises in the non-farm sector by helping traditional artisans and unemployed youth. PMEGP Scheme facilitates generation of self-employment opportunities through establishment of micro-enterprises in the non-farm sector by helping traditional artisans and unemployed youth.  News Source: PIB (Mains Focus) ECONOMY/ INTERNATIONAL GS-2: Economy & Challenges GS-2: Bilateral, regional and global agreements affecting India’s interests Global Wealth Tax on Multimillionaires Context: Global billionaire wealth in 2021 represents 3.5 per cent of global household wealth. Also, the share of the top 0.01 per cent rose from 7 per cent of global wealth in 1995 to 11 per cent in 2021 as per the findings of the latest World Inequality Report 2022 showed. The concentration of wealth Since the mid-1990s, the richest 1 per cent captured 38 per cent of wealth growth at the global level, the report says. As per the report, the richest 10 per cent own around 60-80 per cent of wealth, and the poorest half systematically own less than 5 per cent of wealth. The bottom 50% of the global population owns just 2% of wealth and 8 per cent of income, while the top 10 per cent of population owns 76 per cent of total household wealth and captured 52 per cent of total income in 2021, as per the report. It said that government intervention is key to tackling inequality with social and tax policies. The solutions Economist Thomas Piketty has suggested developing new forms of wealth taxation on multimillionaires including a progressive rate of wealth tax with tax rates according to the value of the total amount of wealth owned. What has been happening is a higher concentration of wealth, more wealth inequality and our tax systems so far in most countries in the world have not adapted to this.  Such new taxes also makes sense especially when the governments are looking for money to repay the increased debt during Covid times. Why the need for Global Wealth Tax? There is a proposal of global wealth tax on multimillionaires, people who own more than a million dollars or euros and this tax in this proposal is progressive, meaning that the rates are going to be according to the value of the total amount of wealth that one owns. In countries, where wealth is highly concentrated, more rates on the stock of wealth of very wealthy individuals can deliver high amounts of revenues. The global bottom 50 per cent income share remains historically low despite growth in the emerging world in the past decades. The share of global income going to top 10 per cent highest incomes at the world level has fluctuated around 50-60 per cent between 1820 and 2020 (50 per cent in 1820, 60 per cent in 1910, 56 per cent in 1980, 61 per cent in 2000, 55 per cent in 2020). However, the share going to the bottom 50 per cent lowest incomes has generally been around or below 10 per cent (14 per cent in 1820, 7 per cent in 1910, 5 per cent in 1980, 6 per cent in 2000, 7 per cent in 2020). The top 0.1 per cent of the global population captures more income than the entire bottom 50 per cent.  The average annual wealth growth rates among the poorest half of the population were between 3 per cent and 4 per cent per year between 1995 and 2021. The poorest half of the world population only captured 2.3 per cent of overall wealth growth since 1995.  The top 1 per cent benefited from high growth rates (3 per cent to 9 per cent per year). This group captured 38 per cent of total wealth growth between 1995 and 2021. The share of wealth detained by the world’s billionaires rose from 1 per cent of total household wealth in 1995 to nearly 3.5 per cent today, it said. Income inequality in gender terms In gender terms, the income inequality is sharp, with women workers getting just one-third of total labour income. Women today get just one-third of all labour income in the world whereas gender parity would mean they get half of that.  But currently women earn just one-third of all incomes from work and the situation has increased since the 1990s but at a very slow rate. If we continue at this rate, we need to wait at least a century to reach gender parity. GOVERNANCE GS-2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. GS-3: Developmental challenges Census 2021 with a Mixed-Mode Approach Part of: Prelims and Mains GS – II – Government policies and interventions Context: Due to outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, the Census 2021 and related field activities have been postponed.  Will be the first digital Census Mobile App for collection of data and a Census Portal for management and monitoring of various Census related activities have been developed. State Governments of Bihar, Maharashtra and Odisha have requested to collect caste details The names of the mother tongue and two other languages known in order of proficiency are to be recorded There is a provision for self-enumeration. Self-enumeration refers to completion of census survey questionnaires by the respondents themselves. What is Census? In Census (decennial census), data is collected on demographic and various socio-economic parameters like education, SC/ST, religion, language, marriage, fertility, disability, occupation and migration of the individuals.  Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India under Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India is responsible for carrying out the census.  It provides information on size, distribution and socio-economic, demographic and other characteristics of the country’s population.  The first synchronous census in India was held in 1881. Since then, censuses have been undertaken uninterruptedly once every ten years. As per the official Gazette, the individual data collected in Census under the Census Act, 1948, are not made public as per the provisions contained in the Act.  The individual data are not used for the preparation of any other database, including the National Register of Citizens.  Only the aggregated Census data at various administrative levels are released. The Census 2021 will be conducted in 18 languages out of the 22 scheduled languages (under 8th schedule) and English, while Census 2011 was in 16 of the 22 scheduled languages declared at that time. The Census data would be available by the year 2024-25 as the entire process would be conducted digitally and data crunching would be quicker. Census Act 1948 The Census Act 1948, as amended in 1994 defines the act as:,In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires — (a) “premises” means any land, building or part of a building and includes a hut, shed or other structure or any part thereof; (b) “Prescribed” means prescribed by rules made under this Act; (c) “Vehicle” means any vehicle used or capable of being used for road transport, whether propelled by mechanical power or otherwise What is the Registrar-General and Census Commissioner of India? Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India, was founded in 1961 by the Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs. Role: Arranging, conducting and analysing the results of the demographic surveys of India including Census of India and Linguistic Survey of India.  The position of Registrar is usually held by a civil servant holding the rank of Joint Secretary. What is the Socio-Economic Caste Census (SECC)? Socio-Economic Caste Census (SECC), which collected the first figures on caste since 1931, is the largest exercise of the enumeration of caste.  SECC supplies data to differentiate the socio-economic status of households based on housing, educational status, landholding, differently abled, occupation, possession of assets, SC/ST households, incomes etc. The Census thus provides a portrait of the Indian population, while the SECC is a tool to identify beneficiaries of state support. News Source: PIB (ORF: Expert Speak) Nov 27: Taking on a burning problem: Mumbai’s air pollution - https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/taking-on-a-burning-problem-mumbais-air-pollution/  TOPIC: GS-3: Climate Change Taking on a burning problem: Mumbai’s air pollution  Air pollution in Mumbai: Owing to its industrial expanse and strong fossil fuel reliance, the Mumbai region constitutes a large airshed for western India.  The city’s financial clout, accessible resources, and vast population build a strong impetus for Maharashtra’s government to bear a large share of the burden of reducing emissions for Mumbai. Air pollution causes 13 deaths per minute worldwide, and poses a severe threat to Mumbai’s health, with a Swiss air quality organisation IQAir highlighting US $2.9 billion in losses and 20,000 fatalities due to ambient air pollution in 2020-21. A startling comparison came to light in 2019 when the Union Earth Sciences Ministry’s System of Air Quality Weather Forecasting and Research revealed that the concentration of finer PM2.5 particles in the overall PM10 concentration was much higher in Mumbai than in Delhi, implying that while the air in Mumbai may not be as polluted, the impact on human health may be greater. Four key sectoral challenges and potential solutions In Mumbai, traffic emissions, construction operations, paved and unpaved road dust, landfills, open rubbish burning, and industrial emissions are among the major sources of pollution. Traffic and industry Emissions: Road travel accounts for 80 percent of Mumbai’s fossil fuel emissions.  More pollution under control (PUC) centres must inspect automobiles every six to seven months.  Ideally, a scrappage policy of older vehicles will ensure a shift towards cleaner fuels, increased use of non-motorised transport and electric vehicles through the state’s new robust policy powered by renewable energy.  Industries, with the power sector contributing to 71 percent of Mumbai’s greenhouse gas emissions, should also make the shift to cleaner fuel by phasing out older powerplants, and treating their emissions as per standards laid down by the Centre. Dust: Rampant realty and road construction activities as a result of the population boom account for over 71 percent of particulate matter in Mumbai’s air, up from 28 percent in 2010.  To mitigate this ever-growing problem, the first step could be stringent enforcement of the Construction & Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016, which mandates a safe and effective construction waste disposal system.  For spreading information on bad air quality, a construction site-specific Air Quality Monitoring Plan is required. Waste Management: Dumping grounds are a massive problem for Mumbai, especially because there is rampant burning of waste, which pollutes the air.  While there have been site-specific drives at the ward, neighbourhood and community levels against indiscriminate incineration of garbage and crop residue, it is important to develop ward-level action plans to prevent open-waste burning.  The government should recruit more manpower to drive the message home because remote pockets of the city still lack education on waste management.  Authorities must create a plan that outlines essential wards with high levels of particulate matter in the air, as well as garbage segregation, transportation, and recycling that is environmentally beneficial. The Action Plan For a densely populated city like Mumbai, air pollution is a larger threat because the density per square kilometre runs high and toxic air in one place can be a problem for a large number of people. It is important for sub-city level authorities to always stay alert to changes in pollutant strains, atmospheric composition and sources of air pollution. The Maharashtra Pollution Control Board has been a key driver in framing air pollution policies. While it is effective, it suffers from a lack of manpower.  Secondly, air quality monitoring needs to become robust and regular, with real-time updates about the critical air pockets and sources of pollution along with health information. Data dissemination should be quick, sorted, combed through and effective so that analysis becomes easier for mitigation and policymaking. Higher manpower will also ensure that there are more awareness campaigns across the city, from popular squares to the more difficult-to-navigate slums. Thirdly, emission norms for industrial sectors should be tightened. Factory smoke should be treated before it is discharged into the air. Both factories and vehicles should aim towards using low-emission fuel. Vehicles below the BS-IV level of engines should be scrapped with immediate effect.  There is a need to be inclusive and involve everyone in the decision-making step. The government can form a city-level committee under the National Clean Air Program  Mumbai Clean Air Action Plan, including citizen stakeholders and experts from civil society.  Conclusion Reduced levels of pollutants in the atmosphere would improve the health of most city residents, but the impact would be greatest among low-income people, informal communities (residents and workers), migrant labourers, and outdoor workers, who are most exposed to the harmful effects of ambient air pollution. Can you answer the following questions? Discus the transport sector’s contribution to air pollution in the country. To stave off climate change, grow the economy, protect public health, and save lives, we must phase out coal entirely – as quickly as possible. Is it possible? Examine. (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1) Consider the following statements regarding G20 Troika refers to the top grouping within the G20 that consists of three largest economies of G20. India will assume the G20 presidency on December 1, 2022 from Indonesia, and will convene the G20 Leaders’ Summit for the first time in India in 2023. Which of the above statements is/are correct? 1 only 2 only  Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) Consider the following statements regarding Global Fuel Economy Initiative (GFEI) It is a collaboration between the International Energy Agency and NITI Aayog The objective of the GFEI is to help stabilize greenhouse gas emissions from the global light duty vehicle fleet through a 50% improvement of vehicle fuel efficiency worldwide by 2050. Which of the above statements is/are correct? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only  1 and 3 only 1,2 and 3 Q.3) Pragyata guidelines recently seen in the news are associated with which of the following areas? Federal Cooperation on Water Health Digital Education Police reforms ANSWERS FOR 30th Nov 2021 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 B 2 D 3 D Must Read On decentralised governance: The Hindu On road to recovery: The Hindu

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2021 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 2nd December 2021

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :) After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken, and solutions. To take the Test - Click Here

TLP Mains Answer Writing

IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 2): UPSC Mains Answer Writing – General Studies Paper 3 Questions [2nd December, 2021] – Day 40

Archives Hello Students   TLP has been an integral ingredient of success for many toppers is no secret. In the ‘must do’ list for the civil services exam, TLP is by far the most popular initiative. The popularity stems from the unparalleled quality of questions and synopsis posted in TLP. We strive hard to ensure that you get the real feel of UPSC standard before you write the Mains.   You already know the features of TLP. Just to reiterate briefly, in the TLP initiative, we post 5 questions daily for a certain number of weeks (11 for this one). We follow a micro plan that is designed to give you daily targets. The questions are from the day’s syllabus and also from current affairs and you are expected to write the answers and post them on the portal.   This year onwards TLP will have a Dedicated Portal for Focused Preparation (tlpmains.iasbaba.com). There will be a separate dedicated portal similar to (RaRe Series) which students loved and appreciated. The Portal will help you stay focused and keep your preparation streamlined. The Registration link for the dedicated portal is given at the end of the post. We are charging a token amount of 10/- for registration to the dedicated portal. We are doing it because we want to create a community of sincere aspirants who are focused and motivated till the Mains Examination. Please don’t take it otherwise. It is our honest effort to give you the best and at the same time expect students to come with the same energy and dedication to the dedicated platform specially designed for YOU! Join our bandwagon, you won’t regret it. UPSC 2022 Aspirants are encouraged to participate as well. Register Here - CLICK HERE  To Know More About TLP 2022 (Phase 2) - CLICK HERE To Access Day 40 Questions - CLICK HERE P.S: The review from IASbaba will happen from the time the question is posted till 10 pm every day. We would also encourage peer reviews. So friends get actively involved and start reviewing each other’s answers. This will keep the entire community motivated. All the Best 

हिन्दी - Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC हिन्दी Quiz– 2021: IASbaba Daily Current Affairs Quiz 1st December 2021

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE करेंट अफेयर्स के प्रश्न 'द हिंदू', 'इंडियन एक्सप्रेस' और 'पीआईबी' जैसे स्रोतों पर आधारित होते हैं, जो यूपीएससी प्रारंभिक परीक्षा के लिए बहुत महत्वपूर्ण स्रोत हैं। प्रश्न अवधारणाओं और तथ्यों दोनों पर केंद्रित हैं। दोहराव से बचने के लिए यहां कवर किए गए विषय आम तौर पर 'दैनिक करंट अफेयर्स / डेली न्यूज एनालिसिस (डीएनए) और डेली स्टेटिक क्विज' के तहत कवर किए जा रहे विषयों से भिन्न होते हैं। प्रश्न सोमवार से शनिवार तक दोपहर 2 बजे से पहले प्रकाशित किए जाएंगे। इस कार्य में आपको 10 मिनट से ज्यादा नहीं देना है। इस कार्य के लिए तैयार हो जाएं और इस पहल का इष्टतम तरीके से उपयोग करें। याद रखें कि, "साधारण अभ्यर्थी और चयनित होने वाले अभ्यर्थी के बीच का अंतर केवल दैनक अभ्यास है !!" Important Note: Comment अनुभाग में अपने अंक पोस्ट करना न भूलें। साथ ही, हमें बताएं कि क्या आपको आज का टेस्ट अच्छा लगा । 5 प्रश्नों को पूरा करने के बाद, अपना स्कोर, समय और उत्तर देखने के लिए ‘View Questions’ पर क्लिक करें। उत्तर देखने के लिए, इन निर्देशों का पालन करें: 1 - 'स्टार्ट टेस्ट/ Start Test' बटन पर क्लिक करें प्रश्न हल करें 'टेस्ट सारांश/Test Summary'बटन पर क्लिक करें 'फिनिश टेस्ट/Finish Test'बटन पर क्लिक करें अब ‘View Questions’बटन पर क्लिक करें - यहां आपको उत्तर और लिंक दिखाई देंगे। To take the Test - Click Here

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 1st December 2021

Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) GDP growth of 8.4% in Q2 Part of: Prelims and GS-III- Economy In News: India’s gross domestic product (GDP) grew by 8.4% in the July to September quarter, compared to a 7.4% contraction a year ago, with the economy’s gross value added (GVA) rising 8.5%, the National Statistical Office said on Tuesday.  Factoring in the first quarter GDP growth of 20.1%, the first half of this year has recorded 13.7% growth and India is likely to record double digit growth for 2021-22 as a whole. It shows that the recovery process is continuing to play out. Economists, however, were not fully convinced about the extent and durability of this recovery and reacted with caution.  Though the absolute GDP in the second quarter (Q2) was 0.3% higher than pre-pandemic levels, there were still many worrying areas. In particular, the insipid private consumption spending that still lagging below pre-COVID levels along with activity in employment-intensive sectors like construction and contact-intensive sectors like retail and hotels.  The base effect of negative growth last year also helped nudge the GDP numbers up. Investments, largely from the Government, continued to remain the key growth drivers while private consumption is yet to show a decisive recovery.  On the domestic demand side, only gross fixed capital formation emerged positive in Q2 over the 2019-20 level. Even if the pace of recovery is sustained in the next two quarters, India’s GDP for the year is expected to be only marginally higher than that in 2019-20 (by around 2%),”  Improvements in Demand and investments are expected to be limited and gradual given that even before the pandemic, the domestic economy was grappling with slowdown. HC and SC Judges (Salaries and Conditions of Service) Amendment Bill, 2021 Part of: Prelims In News: Government has introduced a bill that proposes to amend the High Court Judges (Salaries and Condition of Service) Act and the Supreme Court Judges (Salaries and Condition of Service) Act. Key Takeaways According to the bill, in 2009 the two laws were amended to provide that every retired judge or after his death, the family, as the case may be, will be entitled to an additional quantum of pension or family pension. Accordingly, the additional quantum of pension to retired judges of the high courts and the Supreme Court is being sanctioned on completing the age of 80 years, 85 years, 90 years, 95 years and 100 years, as the case may be. The bill seeks to bring clarity from when Supreme Court and high court judges are entitled to an additional quantum of pension or family pension on attaining a certain age. The additional quantum of pension to a retired judge was earlier calculated from the first day of the month in which he completes 80/90/95/100 years the and not from the first day of his entering the age. However, Gauhati HC and Madhya Pradesh HC reiterated that the calculation of pension must start from first day of his entering the age. To clarify the matter and to align the provisions of law to the High Court judgements, the government has brought in this amendment bill. 6 lakh Indians renounced citizenship  Part of: Prelims and GS-II- Citizenship In News: More than six lakh Indians renounced citizenship in the past five years, the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) informed the Lok Sabha on Tuesday.  Key Takeaways Number of Indians who gave up citizenship stood at  Year Number of Indians giving up citizenship 2017 1,33,049 2018 1,34,561 2019 1,44,017 2020 85,248 2021 (till Sep 30) 1,11,287 The reason for a large number of Indians surrendering their citizenship was not stated in the reply by Minister of Home Affairs.  In 2018, the MHA had revised the form for declaration of renunciation of citizenship, which, for the first time, included a column on “circumstances/reasons for renouncing Indian citizenship”.  Recently, the MHA had simplified the process and provisions were made for the applicants to upload documents online and an upper limit of 60 days was fixed for the renunciation process to be completed. According to a Global Wealth Migration Review report, in 2019, India came second only to China when it came to high net worth individuals (HNIs) leaving the country. As many as 7,000 HNIs left India in 2019.  Government added that in the period 2016-20, 10,645 foreigners applied for Indian citizenship, of which more than 7,782 were from Pakistan and 452 were stateless.  During the same period, 4,177 persons were granted Indian citizenship but the country-wise breakup was not provided.  A total number of 1,33,83,718 Indian nationals were living in foreign countries, the reply stated. The Minister said the persons covered under the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), 2019 might apply after the rules were notified.  Government also reiterated that it has not taken any decision to prepare the National Register of Indian Citizens (NRIC) at the national level. Delays in Army’s offloading model Part of: Prelims In News: The Army’s ambitious plan for modernisation of the Army Base Workshops (ABWs) and implementation of ‘Government-owned, contractor-operated (GOCO)’ model is delayed.  The original timeline for implementing the system lapsed in December 2019, the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) said in its report tabled in the Parliament. About In GOCO model, the assets owned by government will be operated by the private industries.  Under the GOCO model, the private companies need not make investments on land, machinery and other support systems.  The GOCO model was one of the recommendations of the Lt. Gen. DB Shekatkar committee to enhance combat capability and re-balance defence expenditure. Army Base Workshops (ABWs) carry out repairs and overhaul of weapons, vehicles and equipment of the Army. The GOCO model was meant to modernise the workshops as well free up Army personnel from maintenance work. The implementation of GOCO model is fraught with risks and operational challenges as managing the existing manpower becomes challenging. 385 out of the 1,077 affected civilian manpower of closed stations/static workshops are lying idle and the same situation may arise in ABWs, if these issues are not addressed while implementing the GOCO Model. Audit recommends that the Ministry of Defence formulate a strategy to mitigate all risks, including deployment of existing manpower, relating to GOCO implementation,” the CAG said. (News from PIB) National Edible Oil Mission-Oil Palm Part of: Prelims and Main GS-II: Agriculture Context: During the year 2020-21, India imported 133.5 lakh tonnes of edible oil, out of which the share of palm oil was around 56 %.  The National Mission on Edible Oils - Oil Palm (NMEO-OP) has been launched with the aim to augment the availability of edible oil in the country by harnessing area expansion, increasing crude palm oil production with the aim to reduce the import burden.  Objective: To ensure self-sufficiency in edible oil production. Aim: To reduce import dependence from 60% to 45% by 2024-25, by increasing domestic edible oil production from 10.5 million tonnes to 18 million tonnes which is a 70% growth target.  Farmers will get all needed facilities, from quality seeds to technology.  Along with promoting the cultivation of oil palm, this mission will also expand the cultivation of our other traditional oilseed crops.  What is the need for such schemes?  India is the largest consumer of vegetable oil in the world.  India’s Palm oil imports are almost 60% of its total vegetable oil imports. Recently, India’s dependence on expensive imports has driven retail oil prices to new highs. In India, 94.1% of its palm oil is used in food products, especially for cooking. Thus, palm oil is extremely important to India’s edible oils economy. Top consumers: India, China, and the European Union (EU). For the year 2021-22, a total of Rs 10422.69 lakh has been approved for various state annual action plans. News Source: PIB Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) Part of: Prelims and Mains GS-III: Agriculture, Fisheries Context: Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana scheme was launched to bring about Blue Revolution through sustainable and responsible development of fisheries sector in India was recently launched. The PMMSY is an umbrella scheme with two separate Components: (a) Central Sector Scheme (CS) and (b) Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS).  Key takeaways Total estimated investment will be of Rs. 20,050 crores to be implemented over a period of 5 years from FY 2020-21 to FY 2024-25.  Goal: To double the fish exports in the next 3 to 4 years i.e. by 2024-25. Objective:  (1) To address critical gaps in fish production and productivity; quality, technology, post-harvest infrastructure and management, modernisation and strengthening of value chain, traceability, establishing a robust fisheries management framework and fishers’ welfare;  (2) Harnessing of fisheries potential in a sustainable, responsible, inclusive and equitable manner;  (3) enhancing contribution to Agriculture GVA and exports;  (4) Social, physical and economic security for fishers and fish farmers;  (5) Robust fisheries management and regulatory framework News Source: PIB Steps Taken by Government to Eradicate Anaemia Among Pregnant Women  Part of: Mains GS-II: Health In News: As per recently released National Family Health Survey-V data, 52.2 percent pregnant women in the age group 15-49 years are estimated to be anaemic in the country. Health: State Subject Steps taken –  In 2018, the Government of India launched the Anaemia Mukt Bharat (AMB) strategy with the target to reduce anaemia in women, children and adolescents in life cycle approach. Anaemia Mukt Bharat (AMB) strategy as a part of Poshan Abhiyan aims to strengthen the existing mechanisms and foster newer strategies to tackle anaemia, which include testing & treatment of anaemia in school going adolescents & pregnant women, addressing non nutritional causes of anaemia and a comprehensive communication strategy.  Prophylactic Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation including Adolescents girls (10-19 years) Intensified     year-round   Behaviour   Change  Communication (BCC) Campaign including ensuring delayed cord clamping Testing of anaemia using digital methods and point of care treatment Addressing non-nutritional causes of anaemia in endemic pockets with special focus on malaria, hemoglobinopathies and fluorosis Management of severe anaemia in pregnant women undertaken by administration of IV Iron Sucrose/Blood transfusion Providing incentives to the ANM for identification and follow-up of pregnant women with severe anaemia in high priority districts (HPDs) Training and orientation of Medical Officers and front line-workers on newer Maternal Health and Anaemia Mukt Bharat guidelines Field level awareness by ASHAs through community mobilization activities and IEC and BCC activities focused on anaemia in pregnant women News Source: PIB (Mains Focus) INTERNATIONAL/ SECURITY GS-2: Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate.  GS-2: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests The Iran-US deadlock over nuclear capability Context: After a gap of five months, Iran, Russia, China and the European countries resumed negotiations in Vienna to revive the 2015 nuclear agreement, known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), that had sought to restrict Iran’s nuclear programme.  As Iran has refused to hold direct talks with the U.S., European officials will shuttle between the Iranian and American delegations, exchanging talking points and seeking common ground. What were the terms of the nuclear agreement? The 2015 agreement sought to cut Iran off a possible path to a nuclear bomb in return for the lifting of economic sanctions.  Iran maintains that its nuclear programme is peaceful, a claim disputed by many international powers.  At the time of the agreement, Iran had two nuclear enrichment plants— Natanz and Fordow — that were enriching uranium at a higher purity than what’s required for a civilian programme, and had almost 20,000 centrifuges.  Typically, low-enriched uranium, with less than 5% concentration of the fissile isotopes U-235, is used in nuclear power plants. While uranium with 20% and more purity is used in research reactors, the fuel with 90% purity is used in bombs. Centrifuges are used to enrich uranium. Reduce Purity & Stockpile: According to the 2015 deal, Iran agreed to cut its stockpile of enriched uranium by 98% to 300 kg and keep them at a low purity level of 3.67%.  Open to Inspection: Restrictions were introduced on the number of centrifuges it could keep and Iran agreed to open all its facilities to the inspection of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).  These measures meant that even if Iran reneged on the promises and decided to make a bomb, it would take at least one year (the breakout period) to manufacture enough highly enriched uranium and centrifuges to do so.  In return for Iran signing the agreement, the US administration under Obama lifted sanctions on Iran. What triggered the current crisis? US withdrawal from deal: In May 2018, U.S. President Donald Trump, Barack Obama’s successor, unilaterally pulled the U.S. out of the nuclear deal despite the UN certification that Iran was complying with all the terms of the agreement.  Criticism of Inadequate Measures: Critics of the deal in USA as well as in Saudi Arabia and Israel argued that the agreement was inadequate to address Iran’s growing influence in the region.  Scope for Rise of Iran: Critics of agreement argued that the lifting of the sanctions would leave Iran economically more powerful and raise its geopolitical profile, which would pose fresh challenges to America’s allies in West Asia.  US need for new Items in Negotiation: The Trump administration also wanted to negotiate Iran’s ballistic missile programme as part of a new agreement.  Breakdown of deal & return of Status quo: After pulling out of the JCPOA, the U.S. reimposed sanctions on Iran and then invited Iran for talks. Iran, on the other side, not just refused to talk with the Trump administration, but also resumed its nuclear programme. Where do talks stand now? Joe Biden, during the campaign, had promised to revive the nuclear deal. After his election, he appointed a special envoy for Iran.  Indirect talks with Iran through Europeans started immediately. But no agreement was reached after six rounds in Vienna.  A change of Government in Iran made matters more complicated. Now, the Iranian delegation, appointed by the new Government of President Ebrahim Raisi, has come forward for talks, which has raised hopes for a breakthrough. But there still are several thorny issues.  Iran has substantially stepped up its nuclear activities since 2019. It has installed more than 1,000 more advanced centrifuges at its plants, which can enrich uranium more quickly.  Iran has also started enriching uranium to 20% purity or more, which is a technical step away from the weapons grade level.  In February, Iran scuttled the IAEA’s oversight of its nuclear sights, but agreed to keep recording devices in place that would allow the agency to continue to monitor the plants.  In recent months, Iran removed the IAEA camera from a factory in Karaj, outside Tehran, that makes equipment for centrifuges.  According to some reports, the advances Iran made in its nuclear programme has reduced the current breakout time (to make nuclear bomb) to as little as a month, from a year when the deal was alive. What future prospects does the negotiations hold? The Biden administration has said that it was ready to take necessary steps to revive the JCPOA, including removing sanctions, but it wants Iran to return to the agreement first — which means  Iran should stop enriching uranium Ship out the highly enriched fuel as well as the centrifuges  Open the nuclear sites for international inspection.  Iran also says it’s ready to return to the deal but it wants the U.S. to remove all the sanctions first and give assurances to Iran that a future American leader would not go back on the promises as Mr. Trump did.  As a result, the talks have reached a stalemate.  In Vienna, the challenge is to find some common ground so that at least the process of reviving the deal can begin. Time is running out for all parties with Iran moving fast with its nuclear programme.  Connecting the dots: US Withdrawal from Paris Accord & rejoining it US withdrawal from Afghanistan The Other QUAD (USA-India-Israel- UAE) QUAD (India-Australia-Japan-USA) AUKUS POLITY/ GOVERNANCE GS-2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. GS-3: Developmental challenges Controversy on Kerala’s Economic Survey In News: The first-ever attempt in Kerala to take stock of the socio-economic status of forward castes has run into trouble. From the first week of December, on the terms set by the Hariharan Nair panel, volunteers from the women self-help group, Kudumbasree, will carry out a survey across the State among target communities who are the most economically poor.  However, Nair Service Society (NSS), a prominent organisation of Hindu upper castes, has objected to the methodology of the assessment.  What is the plan?  The Hariharan Nair panel decided to carry out a sample survey programme, which it said was an attempt to provide additional benefits to the listed forward communities while retaining the existing benefits offered to Economically Weaker Sections.  The most economically backward families from the target communities will be identified with the help of village officers and civic representatives.  The panel hopes to cover 97,445 houses of the economically backward forward caste communities by choosing five families each from the total of 19,489 wards in the State.  The panel, while concurring with the views of the NSS on the need for an exhaustive survey, decided to opt for random sampling as it can formulate recommendations only on the basis of studies, analysis and research as stipulated in Section 9 of the Kerala State Commission for Economically Backward Classes among Forward Communities Act II of 2016.  The sampling survey shall be viewed only as an interim measure to ameliorate the difficulties faced by the economically backward forward community members.  Why is the Nair community upset?  The Hariharan Nair panel’s decision to do random sampling irked the NSS and other groups. They fear that a random survey will do more harm and that the backwardness of the community members may not be reflected in the studies.  They feel that only a comprehensive and exhaustive survey, along the lines of the census, can bring out the issues faced by the community. The NSS has highlighted the recommendations of the Ramakrishna Pillai panel, which had called for a census on the socio-economic conditions of all the communities in the State along with the population count. However, the State Government chose to ignore the suggestion, which has irked the NSS.  How many communities does the State Government’s list include? A recent list released by the State government, which was finalised by the Kerala State Commission for EBC among Forward Communities, had put the total number of forward communities in the State as 164.  The Nair community is considered to be one of the largest and organised among the forward caste communities besides the Christians. It is estimated that around 20 Nair sub-castes have been included in the forward list.  Though it’s generally estimated that all the forward communities together account for around 32% of the State’s population and Nairs 17%, there has not been any authentic data on the population of these segments of society.  It was only a few months ago that the list of forward communities was finalised and published by the State Government. The State Government approved the list of forward communities, which was first compiled by the Commission led by A. V. Ramakrishna Pillai, a former judge of the Kerala High Court, and vetted and fine-tuned by the subsequent commission led by M. R. Hariharan Nair, also a former judge of the Kerala High Court. Did these communities get benefits before? These communities were till recently out of the ambit of any form of reservation in government jobs.  The first reservation quota for them came in the form of the 10% reservation for Economically Backward Classes, which was facilitated through a constitutional amendment. Connecting the dots: Reviewing Reservations Revising EWS Reservation Limit (Sansad TV: Perspective) Nov 27: The Golden jubilee of Bangladesh Liberation War “Operation Searchlight – The Untold Story” -  https://youtu.be/ya7zlC8Wkkc  TOPIC: GS-2: India and its neighbourhood The Golden jubilee of Bangladesh Liberation War “Operation Searchlight – The Untold Story” March 26 marks 50 years since the start of Bangladesh’s liberation war, a bloody nine-month campaign that culminated in the nation’s independence on December 16, 1971. It was a violent birth, with some of its roots in the 1947 partition of India – when Pakistan was created as a separate nation. Background As the British Empire left the subcontinent, an estimated 200,000 to 1.5 million people were killed in sectarian violence associated with the partition and 10 million to 15 million were forcibly displaced. Newly independent Pakistan comprised two separate geographical areas separated by over a thousand miles of Indian terrain. While both regions included significant Muslim populations, West Pakistan was made up largely of Punjabi, Pashtuns, Sindhis, Baloch and other smaller ethnic groups. In contrast, the population of East Pakistan, which became modern-day Bangladesh, was predominantly ethnically Bengali, as the territory was formerly part of the Indian region of Bengal. Each of these factors – particularly the differences in language and political and economic inequities – laid the groundwork for Bangladesh’s independence struggle. Challenges faced by East Pakistan Jinnah’s proclamation: Just eight months into Pakistan’s existence, Jinnah had arrived in Dhaka and addressed two rallies.  He declared Urdu the state language of West and East Pakistan. He forgot that the people of East Pakistan did not speak Urdu — they spoke Bangla. The seeds of the Bangla Language Movement — as well as the Bangladesh Liberation War — could be traced to Jinnah’s proclamation. The Urdu-only policy aimed to create a single identity out of two culturally distinct regions united by a common religion – Islam. More broadly, it aimed to consolidate the national identity of the recently independent Pakistan.  In East Pakistan, the declaration was followed by the banning of Bengali books, songs and poetry by Bengali Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore.  Bangla language as the medium of education and primary mode of instruction was also banned.  All currency and official documents, including postal stamps and railway tickets, were printed in Urdu. A major reason for this was also significant economic disparities between the two regions. West Pakistan controlled the country’s industry and commerce while East Pakistan was predominantly the supplier for raw materials, setting up a situation of unequal exchange. West Pakistan deprived and coerced East Pakistan in more areas than one.  Jute — and other crops — cultivated in East Pakistan had their prices determined in West Pakistan; a mere half of the profits trickled back to East Pakistan.  Apples, grapes or woollen garments produced in West Pakistan were sold at 10 times the price in East Pakistan.  Discrimination was such that the slightest of dissent branded one an enemy of Pakistan or of Islam.  Persecution, arrests, incarcerations were the order of the day. In 1959-60 the per capita income in West Pakistan was 32% higher than in East Pakistan. By 1969-70, it was 81% higher in West Pakistan.  Investment policies including in educational infrastructure consistently favoured West Pakistan. East Pakistanis had little access to the Central government, which was located in the West Pakistani city of Islamabad. They were severely underrepresented in politics.  West Pakistani political leadership did not see Bengalis as “real” Muslims. Both in political circles and socially, Bengali cultural practices were considered of a lower social status. The efforts to “Islamise” East Pakistanis through Urdu and “purify” Bengali culture from “Hindu influences” resulted in massive nonviolent demonstrations and strikes. The seeds of Liberation Bhasha Andolon: On February 21, 1952, students and other activists launched a language movement called the “Bhasha Andolon,” which demanded Bangla be recognized as the state language for East Pakistan. Thousands of school and college students protested, defying Section 144 of the Criminal Procedural Code, which prohibited assembly of five or more people and holding of public meetings. The crackdown that followed claimed several lives. From 1950 to 1969 it also galvanised a growing movement for autonomy across East Pakistan. 1969 uprising: A mass uprising in 1969 was brutally put down by police and led to the imposition of martial law. Cyclone Bhola: In 1970, a devastating cyclone called “Bhola” in East Pakistan claimed 300,000 to 500,000 lives. The indifferent response of the West Pakistan government further inflamed tensions. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman won national election: A big turning point came the same year when the sole majority political party in East Pakistan, led by Bengali politician Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, won a landslide victory in national elections. The Pakistani leadership was reluctant to accept the results because it did not want an East Pakistani political party heading the federal government. This resulted in the start of a civil disobedience movement in East Pakistan. Launch of Operation Searchlight: As the demand for Bengali autonomy grew, the Pakistani government launched Operation Searchlight, a military operation to crush the emerging movement. According to journalist Robert Payne, it killed at least 7,000 Bengali civilians – both Hindus and Muslims – in a single night.  On March 26, Bangladesh was declared independent and the liberation war began. The Birth of Bangladesh At midnight on March 25, Pakistan unleashed genocide in Bangladesh. Refugees streamed into India. On December 3, India officially entered the war on the side of Bangladesh. As Pakistan’s atrocities increased, then PM Indira Gandhi decided to take action and ordered the Indian Army to launch an offensive against Pakistan followed by a full scale war against its neighbor. Indian Army captured around 15000 km of Pak territory with the war lasting around 13 days and ending with the fall of Dhaka and the public surrender of Pak military. On December 16, 1971, the Pakistani military surrendered to the Indian Army, marking it as Bangladesh’s Victory Day. As the genocide began on the night of March 25-26 is commemorated as the day of liberation. Can you answer the following questions? The creation of Bangladesh in 1971 changed India’s geopolitics forever. Elucidate. Issues related to water resources between India and Bangadesh. If Indo-Bangla relations are to move to “newer heights”, then unresolved issues have to be dealt with soon. Discuss. (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1) Consider the following statements After notifying the rules of Citizenship Amendment Act, 2019, nearly 1 lakh people have renounced citizenship & returned to their home countries. According to a Global Wealth Migration Review report, in 2019, India came second only to China when it came to high net worth individuals (HNIs) leaving the country. Which of the above statements is/are correct? 1 only 2 only  Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) Consider the following statements India is the largest consumer of vegetable oil in the world.  India’s Palm oil imports are almost 60% of its total vegetable oil imports. Government has launched National Mission on Edible Oils - Oil Palm (NMEO-OP) with the aim to promote the cultivation of oil palm and also expand the cultivation of other traditional oilseed crops.  Which of the above statements is/are correct? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only  1 and 3 only 1,2 and 3 Q.3) Natanz and Fordow often seen in the news are associated with which of the following Country? Pakistan Afghanistan North Korea Iran ANSWERS FOR 29th Nov 2021 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 B 2 D Must Read On Stockholm’s first ever woman Prime Minister: The Hindu On counter arguments for shrinkage of informal economy: The Hindu On India’s E-Vehicles push: Indian Express

TLP Mains Answer Writing

IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 2): UPSC Mains Answer Writing – General Studies Paper 3 Questions [1st December, 2021] – Day 39

Archives Hello Students   TLP has been an integral ingredient of success for many toppers is no secret. In the ‘must do’ list for the civil services exam, TLP is by far the most popular initiative. The popularity stems from the unparalleled quality of questions and synopsis posted in TLP. We strive hard to ensure that you get the real feel of UPSC standard before you write the Mains.   You already know the features of TLP. Just to reiterate briefly, in the TLP initiative, we post 5 questions daily for a certain number of weeks (11 for this one). We follow a micro plan that is designed to give you daily targets. The questions are from the day’s syllabus and also from current affairs and you are expected to write the answers and post them on the portal.   This year onwards TLP will have a Dedicated Portal for Focused Preparation (tlpmains.iasbaba.com). There will be a separate dedicated portal similar to (RaRe Series) which students loved and appreciated. The Portal will help you stay focused and keep your preparation streamlined. The Registration link for the dedicated portal is given at the end of the post. We are charging a token amount of 10/- for registration to the dedicated portal. We are doing it because we want to create a community of sincere aspirants who are focused and motivated till the Mains Examination. Please don’t take it otherwise. It is our honest effort to give you the best and at the same time expect students to come with the same energy and dedication to the dedicated platform specially designed for YOU! Join our bandwagon, you won’t regret it. UPSC 2022 Aspirants are encouraged to participate as well. Register Here - CLICK HERE  To Know More About TLP 2022 (Phase 2) - CLICK HERE To Access Day 39 Questions - CLICK HERE P.S: The review from IASbaba will happen from the time the question is posted till 10 pm every day. We would also encourage peer reviews. So friends get actively involved and start reviewing each other’s answers. This will keep the entire community motivated. All the Best 

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2021 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 1st December 2021

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :) After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken, and solutions. To take the Test - Click Here

हिन्दी - Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC हिन्दी Quiz– 2021: IASbaba Daily Current Affairs Quiz 30th November 2021

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE करेंट अफेयर्स के प्रश्न 'द हिंदू', 'इंडियन एक्सप्रेस' और 'पीआईबी' जैसे स्रोतों पर आधारित होते हैं, जो यूपीएससी प्रारंभिक परीक्षा के लिए बहुत महत्वपूर्ण स्रोत हैं। प्रश्न अवधारणाओं और तथ्यों दोनों पर केंद्रित हैं। दोहराव से बचने के लिए यहां कवर किए गए विषय आम तौर पर 'दैनिक करंट अफेयर्स / डेली न्यूज एनालिसिस (डीएनए) और डेली स्टेटिक क्विज' के तहत कवर किए जा रहे विषयों से भिन्न होते हैं। प्रश्न सोमवार से शनिवार तक दोपहर 2 बजे से पहले प्रकाशित किए जाएंगे। इस कार्य में आपको 10 मिनट से ज्यादा नहीं देना है। इस कार्य के लिए तैयार हो जाएं और इस पहल का इष्टतम तरीके से उपयोग करें। याद रखें कि, "साधारण अभ्यर्थी और चयनित होने वाले अभ्यर्थी के बीच का अंतर केवल दैनक अभ्यास है !!" Important Note: Comment अनुभाग में अपने अंक पोस्ट करना न भूलें। साथ ही, हमें बताएं कि क्या आपको आज का टेस्ट अच्छा लगा । 5 प्रश्नों को पूरा करने के बाद, अपना स्कोर, समय और उत्तर देखने के लिए ‘View Questions’ पर क्लिक करें। उत्तर देखने के लिए, इन निर्देशों का पालन करें: 1 - 'स्टार्ट टेस्ट/ Start Test' बटन पर क्लिक करें प्रश्न हल करें 'टेस्ट सारांश/Test Summary'बटन पर क्लिक करें 'फिनिश टेस्ट/Finish Test'बटन पर क्लिक करें अब ‘View Questions’बटन पर क्लिक करें - यहां आपको उत्तर और लिंक दिखाई देंगे। To take the Test - Click Here

TLP Mains Answer Writing

IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 2): UPSC Mains Answer Writing – General Studies Paper 3 Questions [30th November, 2021] – Day 38

Archives Hello Students   TLP has been an integral ingredient of success for many toppers is no secret. In the ‘must do’ list for the civil services exam, TLP is by far the most popular initiative. The popularity stems from the unparalleled quality of questions and synopsis posted in TLP. We strive hard to ensure that you get the real feel of UPSC standard before you write the Mains.   You already know the features of TLP. Just to reiterate briefly, in the TLP initiative, we post 5 questions daily for a certain number of weeks (11 for this one). We follow a micro plan that is designed to give you daily targets. The questions are from the day’s syllabus and also from current affairs and you are expected to write the answers and post them on the portal.   This year onwards TLP will have a Dedicated Portal for Focused Preparation (tlpmains.iasbaba.com). There will be a separate dedicated portal similar to (RaRe Series) which students loved and appreciated. The Portal will help you stay focused and keep your preparation streamlined. The Registration link for the dedicated portal is given at the end of the post. We are charging a token amount of 10/- for registration to the dedicated portal. We are doing it because we want to create a community of sincere aspirants who are focused and motivated till the Mains Examination. Please don’t take it otherwise. It is our honest effort to give you the best and at the same time expect students to come with the same energy and dedication to the dedicated platform specially designed for YOU! Join our bandwagon, you won’t regret it. UPSC 2022 Aspirants are encouraged to participate as well. Register Here - CLICK HERE  To Know More About TLP 2022 (Phase 2) - CLICK HERE To Access Day 38 Questions - CLICK HERE P.S: The review from IASbaba will happen from the time the question is posted till 10 pm every day. We would also encourage peer reviews. So friends get actively involved and start reviewing each other’s answers. This will keep the entire community motivated. All the Best 

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 30th November 2021

Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Suspension of MPs Part of: GS- Prelims and Main GS-II: Parliament Context: In the ongoing Winter Session of Parliament, Minister for Parliamentary Affairs has sought the approval of the House for suspending 12 Rajya Sabha MPs for the remainder of the session.  Why has the minister asked for suspension of MPs? The reason for their suspension was “their unprecedented acts of misconduct, contemptuous, unruly and violent behaviour and intentional attacks on security personnel” on the last day of the Monsoon Session. MPs are required to adhere to certain rules of parliamentary etiquette. What is the procedure for suspension of MPs? The presiding officer of each House can direct an MP to withdraw from the legislative chamber for grossly disorderly conduct. The MP then has to remain absent from the proceedings of the House for the remainder of the day. The presiding officers can also “name” an MP for “persistently and wilfully obstructing the business” of the House. In such a case, usually, the Parliamentary Affairs Minister moves a motion for suspending the offending MP from the service of the House. The suspension can last until the end of the session. In 2001, the Lok Sabha rule was amended to give the Speaker one additional power. A new rule, 374A, empowers the Speaker to automatically suspend an MP for a maximum of five days for disrupting the business of the House. In 2015, Speaker Sumitra Mahajan used this rule for suspending 25 Congress MPs. Out-Of-Pocket Expenditure (OOPE) Part of: Prelims and Mains GS-III- Health In News: As a share of total health expenditure, the OOPE has come down to 48.8% in 2017-18 from 64.2% in 2013-14. Even in the case of per capita OOPE, there has been a decline from ₹2,336 to ₹2,097 between 2013-14 and 2017-18. One of the factors attributing to this decline is the increase in utilisation and reduction in cost of services in Government health facilities.  If we compare National Health Accounts (NHA) 2014-15 and 2017-18, there has been a decline in OOPE for Government hospitals to the tune of 50%. Did government measures help in reduction of OOPE? The NHA estimates for 2017-18 clearly showed that there had been an increase in the share of Government health expenditure in the total GDP of the country. It has increased from 1.15% in 2013-14 to 1.35% in 2017-18. Additionally, the share of Government Health Expenditure in total health expenditure has also increased over time. In 2017-18, the share of Government expenditure was 40.8%, which is much higher than 28.6% in 2013-14. The report further indicates that in per capita terms, the Government health expenditure has increased from ₹1,042 to ₹1,753 between 2013-14 to 2017-18. Indian Bio-Jet Fuel Technology Part of: GS- Prelims and Main GS-III- Science & Tech Context: CSIR-IIP Dehradun’s home-grown technology to produce bio-jet fuel has been formally approved for use on military aircraft of the Indian Air Force (IAF). Key Takeaways Biojet fuel is prepared from “non-edible tree borne oil” and is procured from various tribal areas of India. This fuel is made from Jatropha oil sourced from Chattisgarh Biodiesel Development Authority (CBDA) and then processed at CSIR-IIP, Dehradun. Generally, it is made from vegetable oils, sugars, animal fats and even waste biomass, and can be used in existing aviation jet engines without modification. Jatropha oil is suitable for conversion to jet fuel. This biojet fuel has received wide acceptance from the airline industry. Currently, Aviation Sector contributes to 2% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Commercial biofuel flights will help Indian Airlines in achieving the International Air Transport Association (IATA) target for fuel efficiency and carbon emission. The technology, developed by the Indian Institute of Petroleum (CSIR-IIP), a constituent laboratory of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, has undergone evaluation tests and trials over the last three years. Earlier on 26 January 2019, an AN-32 aircraft, filled with blended bio-jet fuel, had flown over Raj Path at New Delhi during the Republic Day celebration What are Biofuels? Biofuels are fuels manufactured from biomass.  Biomass resources are the biodegradable fraction of products, wastes and residues from agriculture, forestry and related industries as well as the biodegradable fraction of industrial and municipal wastes. Categorisation of Biofuels First Generation: Produced from food crops like maize, corn, sugar cane, rapeseed, palm, and soybean into ethanol and biodiesel, using a similar process to that used in beer and wine-making. Second Generation: Produced from non-food crops and organic agricultural waste, which contain cellulose. Third Generation: Derived from algae. Also known as green hydrocarbons Fourth Generation: Produce sustainable energy as well as capture and store CO2 by converting biomass materials, which have absorbed CO2 while growing, into fuel. (News from PIB) National Mission on Cultural Mapping Part of: Prelims In News: National Mission on Cultural Mapping has mapped data of 14.53 lakh artists/artisans A scheme administered by the Ministry of Culture  Conceptualized for the purpose of developing a comprehensive data base of artists, art forms and other resources gathered from cultural organizations in the Ministry of Culture, other Ministries and also States on a robust IT-enabled platform.  News Source: PIB Development Projects for Civil aviation Part of: Prelims and Main GS-III: Infrastructure - Aviation Taken up developmental projects worth around Rs. 25,000 crores over the next five years for expansion and modification of existing terminals, new terminals, expansion or strengthening of existing runways, aprons, air navigation services, control towers, technical blocks etc. Three Public Private Partnership (PPP) airports at Delhi, Hyderabad and Bengaluru  Around Rs. 36,000 Crores have been planned for investment in the development of new greenfield airports across the country under PPP mode. GoI has accorded 'in-principle' approval for setting up of 21 greenfield airports across the country. So far, eight greenfield airports namely, Shirdi in Maharashtra, Durgapur in West Bengal, Pakyong in Sikkim, Kannur in Kerala, Orvakal in Andhra Pradesh, Kalaburagi in Karnataka, Sindhudurg in Maharashtra and Kushinagar in Uttar Pradesh have been operationalized. Under Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS), also known as the Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik (UDAN) Scheme, 393 routes have commenced connecting 62 unserved and underserved airports, including 2 water aerodromes and 6 heliports. News Source: PIB NIPUN Bharat Scheme Part of: Prelims In News: Detailed guidelines for the NIPUN Bharat Scheme have been developed which includes the codification of development goals and learning outcomes for age 3 to 9 years and Lakshya or Targets for Foundational Literacy and Numeracy starting from Balvatikato Grade III. The Department of School Education and Literacy launched the National Mission on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy called National Initiative for Proficiency in Reading with Understanding and Numeracy (NIPUN Bharat) under the aegis of Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Samagra Shiksha.  The mission aims to achieve universal foundational literacy and numeracy in primary classes.  The Mission Guidelines lays down priorities and actionable agendas for States and UTs to achieve the goal of proficiency in foundational literacy and numeracy for every child by grade 3.  As per the NIPUN Bharat implementation guidelines, assessment during the foundational learning can be broadly categorized into two major areas, namely: School Based Assessment (SBA) through qualitative observation based on performance of the child in a multitude of experiences and activities. Various tools and techniques like anecdotal records, checklist, portfolio, and interactions (through a holistic 360-degree assessment with teacher, peers, family and friends) have been recommended to be used for assessment. Thus, the teachers at the foundational stage need to observe children as they play, work on their task, perform or interact among themselves, to assess children’s interests and learning. Large-scale standardised assessment for assessment of the processes and functioning of the educational systems (such as NAS, SAS, and Third-Party Assessments). The assessment tools commonly used in conducting large scale assessment studies are multiple choice questions (MCQ) and constructed responses are usually avoided to bring in objectivity in the process. These assessments are a mechanism to gauge how well learning is happening in their state, districts, and blocks. In this regard, the National Achievement Survey (NAS) 2021 has been carried out for assessing learning outcome of children in Grade III. A specialized National Initiative for School Heads’ and Teachers’ Holistic Advancement (NISHTHA 3.0) for the foundational literacy and numeracy covering about 25 lakh teachers at the primary level across all states and UTs has been launched in September, 2021. News Source: PIB Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) Part of: Mains GS-II: Judiciary In News: NITI Aayog released the report ‘Designing the Future of Dispute Resolution: The ODR Policy Plan for India’, to scale dispute avoidance, containment and resolution online. The roll out of the stated recommendations in the report can help make India a world leader in using technology and innovation through Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) for effective access to justice for every individual. Chaired by Supreme Court Justice (Retd) AK Sikri Recommends measures at three levels to tackle challenges in adopting ODR framework in India  At the structural level, it suggests actions to increase digital literacy, improve access to digital infrastructure and train professionals as neutrals to deliver ODR services. At the behavioural level, the report recommends adoption of ODR to address disputes involving Government departments and ministries.  At the regulatory level, the report recommends a soft-touch approach to regulate ODR platforms and services. This involves laying down design and ethical principles to guide ODR service providers to self-regulate while fostering growth and innovations in the ecosystem. The report also stresses on strengthening the existing legislative framework for ODR by introducing necessary amendments to statutes. The report offers a phased implementation framework for ODR in India. What is ODR? ODR is the resolution of disputes, particularly small- and medium-value cases, using digital technology and techniques of ADR, such as arbitration, conciliation and mediation.  It refers to the process of using technology for dispute avoidance, containment and resolution outside the traditional court system.  As a dispute resolution avenue it can be provided both as an extension of the public court system and outside of it.  Increasingly, ODR has received impetus across Government, businesses and even the judicial processes to tide over the constraints due to Covid-19. Why Do We Need ODR? The Covid-19 pandemic resulted in a large section of society unable to receive timely access to justice. The pandemic also led to a deluge of disputes further burdening the already lengthy court processes.  ODR has the potential to help reduce the burden on the court and efficiently resolve several categories of cases.  It may also be integrated to support the judiciary through technology integration in court-annexed Alternate Dispute Resolution (ADR) centres, via e-lok adalats and also be introduced within Government departments for internal disputes. News Source: PIB (Mains Focus) POLITY/ GOVERNANCE GS-2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. GS-3: Developmental challenges Revising EWS Reservation Limit Context: The Union Government has decided to revisit the criteria set out for eligibility for its 10% reservation under the economically weaker sections (EWS) category within a month. The main criterion is a family income ceiling of ₹8 lakh.  The decision came after the Supreme Court closely questioned it on how it arrived at the income figure, while considering a challenge to the implementation of 27% reservation for the OBCs and 10% for the EWS under the all-India quota for medical admissions. How was EWS reservation introduced? The 10% reservation was introduced through the 103rd Constitution Amendment and enforced in January 2019.  It added Clause (6) to Article 15 to empower the Government to introduce special provisions for the EWS among citizens except those in the classes that already enjoy reservation.  It allows reservation in educational institutions, both public and private, whether aided or unaided, excluding those run by minority institutions, up to a maximum of 10%.  It also added Clause (6) to Article 16 to facilitate reservation in employment. The new clauses make it clear that the EWS reservation will be in addition to the existing reservation. The Constitution initially allowed special provisions only for the socially and educationally backward classes.  When the previous Congress Government tried to introduce a 10% quota for the poorer among the general category during 19902, the Supreme Court struck it down in Indira Sahwnet Judgement, saying there is no provision in the Constitution for reservation on the basis of an economic criterion.  Through this amendment, the Government introduced the concept of ‘economic backwardness’ for a new class of affirmative action programmes for those not covered by or eligible for the community-based quotas. What are the criteria to identify the section? The main criterion is that those above an annual income limit of ₹8 lakh are excluded (income from all sources such as salary, business, agriculture and profession for the financial year prior to the application) of the family (applicants, their parents, siblings and minor children).  Possession of any of these assets, too, can take a person outside the EWS pool:  five or more acres of agricultural land A residential flat of 1,000 sq.ft. and above A residential plot of 100 square yards and above in notified municipalities A residential plot of 200 square yards and above in other areas. What are the court’s questions about the criteria? The court has been intrigued by the income limit being fixed at ₹8 lakh per year, as it is the same figure for excluding the ‘creamy layer’ from OBC reservation benefits.  A crucial difference is that those in the general category, to whom the EWS quota is applicable, do not suffer from social or educational backwardness, unlike those classified as the OBC.  Therefore, the question the court has raised is that when the OBC category is socially and educationally backward and, therefore, has additional impediments to overcome, “would it be arbitrary to provide the same income limit both for the OBC and EWS categories.” In line with the Supreme Court’s known position that any reservation or norms for exclusion should be based on relevant data, the Bench wants to know whether the criteria for the EWS were arrived at based on any study.  For instance, whether the per capita income or GDP in all States, or the difference in purchasing power in the rural and urban areas, were taken into account while a single income limit was formulated for the whole country.  There are other questions as to whether any exercise was undertaken to derive the exceptions such as why the flat criterion does not differentiate between metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas. What is the current status of the EWS quota? The reservation for the EWS is being implemented by the Union Government for the second year now.  Recruitment test results show that the category has a lower cut-off mark than the OBC, a point that has upset the traditional beneficiaries of reservation based on caste.  The explanation is that only a small number of people are currently applying under the EWS category — one has to get an income certificate from the revenue authorities — and therefore the cut-off is low.  However, when the number picks up over time, the cut-off marks are expected to rise.  The EWS quota remains a controversy as its critics say it reduces the size of the open category, besides breaching the 50% limit on the total reservation. Connecting the dots: Indira Sahwney Judgement ECONOMY/ GOVERNANCE GS-3: Indian Economy & Challenges GS-2: Governance Regulation, not ban: on cryptocurrencies In News: Government is set to introduce legislation that would, if passed, officially forbid Crypto-currencies.  This is being done two years after drafting a Bill to ban cryptocurrencies. Eight years ago the RBI had issued its first advisory cautioning holders of virtual currencies about the potential financial and security risks What were the key factors which has made government to legislate on prohibiting such currencies? Its concerns appear to be the risks associated with cryptocurrencies, including their potential use for money-laundering and financing of illegal activities.  The risks investors and consumers face in dealing with these so-called currencies, given that they are neither ‘a store of value nor are they a medium of exchange’, and the threat they pose to financial stability are some of the key factors influencing government decision of banning cryptocurrency. PM had in a video address to the Sydney Dialogue earlier this month said: “It is important that all democratic nations work together on cryptocurrency and ensure it does not end up in wrong hands. No country across the world treats virtual currencies as legal tender Why the present stance of prohibition a challenging one? There has been an exponential jump in investment in virtual currencies, especially after the Supreme Court last year struck down an RBI notification that banned financial entities from facilitating customer transactions related to virtual currencies.  Industry estimates now peg cryptocurrency holdings in India at about ₹40,000 crore, held by about 15 million investors, and advertising trends show an upsurge in ads promoting brands associated with investment in virtual currencies. Earlier this year El Salvador — admittedly a small and heavily indebted nation — officially declared ‘bitcoin’ as legal tender, much has changed in the adoption of private virtual currencies worldwide. The pandemic has fastened the global embrace of all things digital and investment in the technologies enabling cryptocurrencies including blockchain, appear to be no different.  How is Crypto currency regulation in other parts of world? Canada, Japan and Thailand permit the use of virtual currencies as a payment method, with some jurisdictions regulating them as a digital asset, and others as a commodity.  Canada and the U.S. closely monitor virtual currency activity to ensure they do not run afoul of laws on financial crimes, with the former also earning tax revenue on transactions. Way Forward All things given, India should avoid the temptation to join China in prohibiting virtual currencies and instead aim to tightly regulate their trading through monitored exchanges and earn revenue.  Simultaneously, it should expedite the RBI’s pilot of the Central Bank Digital Currency so as to offer an alternative to cryptocurrencies. Connecting the dots: Central Bank Digital Currency China’s Digital Currency (Sansad TV: Perspective) Nov 24:  Maritime Security- https://youtu.be/vbR3BDOmSCU   TOPIC: GS-2: Important International Organisation & their mandate GS-3: Security & Challenges Maritime Security Context: With a coastline of over 7000 KM, maritime security is an important aspect of national security for India. The Government of India is implementing Coastal Security Scheme, in phases, to strengthen security of coastal areas against sea borne threats.  Need for Maritime Security With a long coastline and large island chains spread across the Indian Ocean, India has a natural seaward orientation, with key sea lanes of communication coursing through its surrounding seas. 90% of global trade is conducted on the high seas, for the simple reason that it continues to be the most cost effective mode of transport. Disruption of sea lanes of communication has National and global economic repercussions.  Freedom of navigation and unimpeded commerce are key to the spread of prosperity. India’s natural interests stretch across both the Indian and Pacific Oceans as reflected in its inclusive Indo-Pacific vision. The Coastal Security Scheme aims to augment the capabilities of police force of coastal states and UTs for patrolling and surveillance in territorial waters especially shallow waters close to the coast India has growing strategic interest due to its strong economic and political relations with Southeast Asian countries coupled with concerns about the safety of the sea lanes.  At the 2018 Shangri-La Dialogue Prime Minister Narendra Modi outlined the vision for free, open, inclusive and rules-based Indo-Pacific region which was universally welcomed.  Later at the 14th East Asia Summit (EAS) in 2019, Prime Minister Modi announced the Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative or IPOI as practical implementation of this shared Vision for the Indo-Pacific with a focus on collaborative effort to better manage, conserve, sustain and secure this maritime domain.  In August this year under India's presidency United Nations Security Council also hosted a high level open debate on enhancing Maritime Security.  Measures taken by the Government  India’s 5-Point Agenda for Enhancing Maritime Cooperation We must remove barriers in maritime trade as they are challenges for the entire world.  Maritime disputes should be resolved peacefully and on the basis of international law only.  We should face natural calamities and maritime threats created by non-state actors together.  We have to preserve the maritime environment and maritime resources.  We should encourage responsible maritime connectivity.  Key Measures -  Capacity augmentation of maritime security agencies for surveillance and patrol of the nation’s maritime zones Enhanced technical surveillance of coastal and offshore areas Establishment of mechanisms for inter-agency coordination Increased regulation of activities in the maritime zones Integration of the fishing and coastal communities Indian Naval ships and aircraft are regularly deployed on ‘Mission Based Deployments’ in Indian Ocean Region to enhance maritime security.  Undertakes surveillance to enhance Maritime Domain Awareness and address contingencies that may arise. These are in consonance with Government of India’s vision of Security and Growth for All in the Region (SAGAR)  and the Maritime Security Strategy to build its role as the ‘Preferred Security Partner’ in our extended maritime neighbourhood.  India proactively engages with regional Navies to enhance friendship/cooperation and promote maritime security in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). Operational interactions with friendly foreign countries include activities like Joint Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) Surveillance, Coordinated Patrols on annual / bi-annual basis along the International Maritime Boundary Line (IMBL), Maritime Exercises, etc. India also exchanges Maritime Information bilaterally with Friendly Foreign Countries to create Maritime Domain Awareness in IOR. This includes information on military and naval assets of hostile / adversarial countries; assessment of maritime activities of mutual concern and activities related to transnational maritime based threats. India also participates in regional frameworks such as Association of Southeast Asian Nations Regional Forum (ARF), East Asia Summit (EAS) and the ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting Plus (ADMM Plus) to expand its cooperation and exchanges with the Indo-Pacific region. Can you answer the following questions? What are various key aspects of Maritime Security and what is being done by India to tackle all the challenges in this domain? The increasing geo-strategic and economic significance of the Indian Ocean realm has necessitated the development of a robust coastal security ecosystem. Do you agree? Substantiate your response.  (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1) Consider the following statements regarding NIPUN Bharat Scheme It was launched under the aegis of Central Sector Scheme of Samagra Shiksha.  The mission aims to achieve universal foundational literacy and numeracy in primary classes.  Which of the above statements is/are correct? 1 only 2 only  Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) Consider the following statements regarding Bio Fuels First Generation biofuels are those that are produced from non-food crops and organic agricultural waste, which contain cellulose. Second Generation are those that are derived from algae. They are aso known as green hydrocarbons Which of the above statements is/are correct? 1 only 2 only  Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 ANSWERS FOR 29th Nov 2021 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 B 2 D 3 C Must Read On India as a space start-up: The Hindu On challenges of Trade Union: The Hindu

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