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Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) GST Compensation Part of: Prelims and GS III - Cybersecurity Context The Ministry of Finance has released ₹44,000 crore to the States and UTs with Legislature under the back-to-back loan facility in lieu of GST Compensation. Key takeaways After taking into account earlier release of ₹1,15,000 crore, total amount released in the current financial year as back-to-back loan in-lieu of GST compensation is ₹1,59,000 crore. This release is in addition to normal GST compensation being released every 2 months out of actual cess collection. Background Subsequent to the 43rd GST Council Meeting held on 28th May 2021, it was decided that the Central Government would borrow ₹1.59 lakh crore and release it to States and UTs with Legislature on a back-to-back basis to meet the resource gap due to the short release of Compensation. About GST Compensation Before GST, States had the power to levy some indirect taxes on economic activity. Therefore, after GST regime was introduced (in 2017), the Centre promised guaranteed compensation to the States for the first five years, for the revenues they lost after the shift from the earlier system. The compensation is calculated at a growth rate of 14% keeping 2015-16 as the base year and by levying a Compensation Cess on Sin and luxury goods. China to build military base in Tajikistan Part of: Prelims and GS II - International Relations Context China will take full control of a military base in Tajikistan near the Afghan border that it has been quietly operating and will also build a new base for the Tajik Government. Key takeaways Tajikistan granted approval for the construction of a new base, following an agreement between Tajikistan and China. The agreement was signed by the China’s Public Security Ministry, and not the Chinese military which suggests a focus on counterterrorism amid rising concerns over instability in neighbouring Afghanistan. The new base would be owned by Tajikistan’s Rapid Reaction Group and financed by China for a cost of $10 million. It will be located in the eastern Gorno-Badakhshan autonomous province near the Pamir mountains, and Chinese troops will not be stationed there. Tajikistan Government has also agreed to transfer full control a former Soviet base near the China-Tajikistan-Afghanistan tri-junction and the Wakhan Corridor, where China shares a less than 100 km border with Afghanistan. The base, once full control has been transferred, will become only the second known overseas Chinese security facility, after Djibouti near the Horn of Africa . Do you know? Russia and India are among countries that already have a military presence in bases in Tajikistan. China submits new climate plan to UN Part of: Prelims and GS III - Cliamte change Context China, by far the world’s largest polluter, has renewed its emissions cutting plan with a promise to peak carbon pollution before 2030. Key takeaways China’s new submission to the UN also confirmed its goal to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060 and slash its emissions intensity by more than 65%. China is responsible for more than a quarter of all man-made emissions. It had previously promised, under a process set in motion by the 2015 Paris climate deal, to reach net-zero by 2060. Under the Paris climate deal, nations are required to submit renewed emissions-cutting pledges — known as Nationally Determined Contributions, or NDCs — every five years. China had been reluctant in renewing its plans to curb emissions, and it was hoped its new submission could build momentum ahead of the delayed COP26 summit in Glasgow, which begins on Sunday. China’s renewed Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) According to its renewed NDC, it will increase its share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to 25%, up from the 20% previously pledged. It also plans to increase its forest stock by six billion cubic metres compared with 2005 levels. Bring its total installed capacity of wind and solar power to over 1.2 billion kilowatts by 2030. Amendments to the Registration of Births and Deaths Act, 1969 Part of: Prelims and GS II - Government policies and related issues Context The Centre has proposed amendments to the Registration of Births and Deaths Act, 1969 that will enable it to “maintain the database of registered birth and deaths at the national level”. As of now, the registration of births and deaths is done by the local registrar appointed by States. Key takeaways The database may be used to update the Population Register and the electoral register, and Aadhaar, ration card, passport and driving licence databases. Proposed amendments by the Centre It is proposed that the Chief Registrar (appointed by the States) would maintain a unified database at the State level and integrate it with the data at the “national level,” maintained by the Registrar General of India (RGI). The amendments will imply that the Centre will be a parallel repository of data. “Special Sub-Registrars” shall be appointed, in the event of disaster, with any or all of his powers and duties for on the spot registration of deaths and issuance of extract thereof, as may be prescribed.” Converting CO2 to Methane Part of: Prelims and GS III - Environment Context Recently, Indian Scientists have designed a photochemical method (Photocatalyst) to convert Carbon Dioxide (CO2) to Methane (CH4). A photochemical method is a chemical reaction initiated by the absorption of energy in the form of light. Key Points A polymer has been designed to absorb visible light and catalyse the reaction which reduces CO2. Most catalysts contain toxic and expensive metal counterparts. Therefore, scientists designed a metal-free porous organic polymer to overcome this drawback. The method uses solar light as a renewable source of energy. Significance: Methane can be one of the value-added products with significant uses as the cleanest burning fossil fuel and can directly be used in fuel cells as a hydrogen carrier. It is also the main component of natural gas and has the potential to replace coal for electricity generation and furnishing flexible supply to reinforce intermittent renewable generators. What is Methane? Methane is gas that is found in small quantities in Earth's atmosphere. It is the simplest hydrocarbon, consisting of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms (CH4). Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas. It is flammable, and is used as a fuel worldwide. Methane is produced by the breakdown or decay of organic material and can be introduced into the atmosphere by either natural processes (decay of plant material in wetlands, the seepage of gas from underground deposits or the digestion of food by cattle) or human activities (oil and gas production, rice farming or waste management). Methane is called marsh gas because it is found at the surface of marshy places (News from PIB) 18th India-ASEAN Summit Part of: Prelims and Mains GS-II: Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate. Context: Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi participated in the 18th India-ASEAN Summit at the invitation of His Majesty Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah of Brunei, the current Chair of ASEAN. India – Underlined the centrality of ASEAN in India's Act East Policy and in India's Vision for the wider Indo-Pacific Vision. On COVID-19, highlighted India’s efforts in the fight against the pandemic in the region and also reiterated support for ASEAN’s initiatives in this regard. India has contributed medical supplies worth USD 200,000 to ASEAN’s humanitarian initiative for Myanmar and USD 1 million for ASEAN’s Covid-19 Response Fund. To further strengthen India-ASEAN cultural connectivity: India will support establishing the ASEAN Cultural Heritage List. On trade and investment, underlined the importance of diversification and resilience of supply chains for post-COVID economic recovery and in this regard, the need to revamp the India-ASEAN FTA. India and ASEAN Highlighting the milestone of 30th anniversary of India-ASEAN Partnership, the leaders announced the Year 2022 as India-ASEAN Friendship Year. Building upon the synergies between the ASEAN Outlook for the Indo-Pacific (AOIP) and India’s Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI), PM and ASEAN leaders welcomed the adoption of the India-ASEAN Joint Statement on cooperation for peace, stability and prosperity in the region. Exchanged views on enhancing India-ASEAN connectivity in broadest terms including physical, digital and people to people. Appreciated India’s role as a trusted partner in the region especially during the current Covid-19 Pandemic with its supply of vaccine. Welcomed India’s support to ASEAN centrality in the Indo-Pacific and looked forward to greater India-ASEAN cooperation in the region through the Joint Statement. Other discussion points Covered regional and international issues of common interest and concern, including South China Sea and terrorism. Noted the importance of promoting a rules-based order in the region including through upholding adherence to international law, especially the UNCLOS. Affirmed the importance of maintaining and promoting peace, stability, safety and security in the South China Sea, and ensuring freedom of navigation and overflight. News Source: PIB India, ADB sign $251 million loan Part of: Prelims and Mains GS-I: Urbanisation In News: The Government of India and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) have signed a $251 million loan for climate-resilient, integrated urban flood protection and management in the Chennai-Kosasthalaiyar basin to strengthen resilience of Chennai city to floods. Will help reduce the vulnerability of Chennai–Kosasthalaiyar basin residents to frequent floods, which have in recent years destroyed property and livelihoods Building disaster-resilient infrastructure would help communities cope with intensifying rainfall, a higher sea level rise, and a storm surge caused by cyclones and protect lives, economy and the environment. The innovative designs and interventions for climate-resilient flood management promoted by the project along with integrated urban planning and enhanced municipal resource mobilization can be widely replicated for other Indian cities that are vulnerable to climate and disaster risks. Aims to enhance stakeholders’ involvement, including proactive participation of women, in flood preparedness by raising community knowledge and awareness of flood risks and impacts and its relationship with solid waste management, sewerage, and protection of water bodies. News Source: PIB (Mains Focus) POLITY / GOVERNANCE GS-2: Elections GS-2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Freebie Culture Context: The line between welfarism and populism has blurred. Welfare initiatives include a targeted Public Distribution System, providing social security for labourers, quality education, fair employment, affordable healthcare, decent housing, and protection from exploitation and violence. Freebies, on the other hand, are provided to attract voters to cast their vote in a particular election. They create limited private benefit for the receiver and do not contribute towards strengthening public goods/facilities. How did the freebie culture originate? The culture of freebies in Tamil Nadu was started during the 1967 Assembly elections. The then DMK chief C.N. Annadurai offered three measures of rice for ₹1. The practice of providing freebies was followed by subsequent Chief Ministers who promised free TV sets, free laptops to students, free rides for women in buses, free gas cylinders and stoves, a goat and a cow for poor farmers, and so on. Political leaders have justified freebies citing social justice as it aids those at the bottom of the pyramid. What are the criticisms of Freebie Culture? Creates Private Benefits: Freebies violate the constitutional mandate of extending benefits for public purpose and instead create private benefits. The main beneficiaries of the freebies provided by government were the ruling party’s core supporters and swing voters who could be influenced easily. Depoliticises Poor: Freebies will not only depoliticise the poor and marginalised communities but also indirectly deny them their due share of state resources. Erases Rational Thinking: Freebie encourage personality cults in a democratic polity. Populism encourages mediocre political critics and erases critical and rational thinking, which are important to raise questions to people in power. Patron-Client Syndrome: Unsolicited freebies cultivate a patron-client syndrome. Providing freebies is to treat people like subjects, whereas citizens are entitled to constitutional guarantees. Clientelism is a political or social system based on the relation of client to patron with the client giving political support to a patron (as in the form of votes) in exchange for some special privilege or benefit (freebies). Against Welfare Politics: Welfare initiatives are an embodiment of civil rights, whereas unsolicited freebies show benevolence at best and apathy at worst towards the poor by the ruling parties. Doesn’t enhance Productivity: It was observed that distributing free laptops does not serve the purpose of increasing the quality of education. Also, free electricity, free water, farm loan waivers, etc. have not contributed to increased productivity. Fiscal Burden: Freebies imposes burden on the state's financial status contributing to huge fiscal debt. Vulnerable to Corruption: Freebies culture paves way to corrupt practice because of the involvement of middle man. Not Sustainable in Long Run: The social, political and economic consequences of freebies are very short-lived in nature. Also, they cannot be provided free forever, at some point these goods have to be rationalised. What was the judicary’s view on the freebie culture? The Supreme Court gave a ruling in favour of offering of freebies stating that freebies are not corrupt practice as it is mentioned in election manifesto. In S. Subramaniam Balaji v. Govt. of Tamil Nadu (2013), the court said that “Although, promises in the election manifesto cannot be construed as ‘corrupt practice’ under Section 123 of Representation of People Act, the distribution of freebies influences the people shaking the root of free and fair elections.” In 2021, The Madras High Court expressed its strong displeasure over the way in which political parties were competing with each other to garner votes by offering freebies. Connecting the dots: Electoral Reforms Representation of People’s Act, 1951 SECURITY/ GOVERNANCE GS-3: Cyber Security and its challenges GS-2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Pegasus Case Context: A batch of 12 petitions were filed in SC that sought an independent probe into the alleged illegal use of the Israeli NSO Group spyware Pegasus Recently, Supreme Court ordered a “thorough inquiry” into allegations of unauthorised surveillance using the Pegasus spyware. The inquiry will be conducted by a three-member technical committee comprising Dr Naveen Kumar Chaudhary, Dean of National Forensic Sciences University in Gandhinagar; Dr Prabaharan P, Professor at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham in Kerala; and Dr Ashwin Anil Gumaste of IIT Bombay. The functioning of the committee will be overseen by Justice R V Raveendran, a retired judge of the Supreme Court, who will be assisted by two other experts. Observations by Supreme Court The Court acknowledged that it is “a settled position of law that in matters pertaining to national security, the scope of judicial review is limited”. At the same time, SC also noted this does not mean that the State gets a free pass every time the spectre of ‘national security’ is raised. SC observed that “The mere invocation of national security by the State does not render the Court a mute spectator”. In a democratic country governed by the rule of law, indiscriminate spying on individuals cannot be allowed except with sufficient statutory safeguards, by following the procedure established by law under the Constitution. SC said that surveillance and the knowledge that one is under the threat of being spied, might result in self-censorship. SC listed the compelling circumstances that made it to pass an order constituting an inquiry committee. Right to privacy and freedom of speech are alleged to be impacted, which needs to be examined. The entire citizenry is affected by such allegations due to the potential chilling effect. No clear stand taken by the Union of India regarding actions taken by it. Possibility that some foreign authority, agency or private entity is involved in placing citizens of this country under surveillance. Allegations that the Union or State Governments are party to the rights’ deprivations of the citizens. The terms of reference of the committee include: Whether the Pegasus suite of spyware was used on phones or other devices of the citizens of India to access stored data, eavesdrop on conversations, intercept information? The details of the victims and/or persons affected by such a spyware attack. Whether any Pegasus suite of spyware was acquired by Union of India, or any State Government, or any central or state agency for use against the citizens of India? If any governmental agency has used the Pegasus suite of spyware on the citizens of this country, under what law, rule, guideline, protocol or lawful procedure was such deployment made? Connecting the dots: India needs an updated Cybersecurity Strategy Pegasus Controversy Surveillance Laws in India (Sansad: Perspective) Oct 27: East Asia Summit - https://youtu.be/nRC1dpdzhDg TOPIC: GS-II: Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate. East Asia Summit Context: At the 16th East Asia Summit, leaders discussed matters of regional and international interest and concern including Indo-Pacific, South China Sea, UNCLOS, terrorism, and the situation in Korean Peninsula and Myanmar. India – Reaffirmed India’s focus on a free, open and inclusive Indo-Pacific and support for ASEAN’s centrality in the region. India remains committed to strengthening respect for shared values of multilateralism, rules-based international order, international law and sovereignty and territorial integrity of all nations. Spoke about ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ campaign for post-pandemic recovery and in ensuring resilient global value chains. Emphasised on establishment of a better balance between economy and ecology and climate sustainable lifestyle. Reaffirmed “ASEAN centrality” in the Indo-Pacific and highlighted the synergies between ASEAN Outlook on Indo-Pacific (AOIP) and India’s Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI). Raised the idea of developing global standards on cyber security. EAS leaders adopted three statements on mental health, economic recovery through tourism and sustainable recovery, which have been co-sponsored by India. About East Asia Summit The East Asia Summit is the Indo-Pacific's premier forum for strategic dialogue at which all key partners meet to discuss political, security and economic challenges facing the Indo-Pacific. This forum has an important role to play in advancing closer regional cooperation. The East Asia Summit (EAS) is a regional forum held annually by leaders of, initially, 16 countries in the East Asian, Southeast Asian, and South Asian regions, based on the ASEAN plus Six mechanism. There are 18 members including the ten ASEAN countries along with Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea, Russia and the United States. In 2020 EAS members represented 54 per cent of the world's population and accounted for 62 per cent of global GDP worth an estimated US$52.3 trillion. India participated, as a founding member, in the inaugural East Asia Summit held in Kuala Lumpur on 14 December 2005. Since then this forum has played a significant role in the strategic and geopolitical evolution of East Asia. It is also an important platform for furthering practical cooperation in the Indo-Pacific by building upon the convergence between ASEAN Outlook on Indo-Pacific and Indo-Pacific Ocean’s Initiative. Aim: To further the objectives of regional peace, security and prosperity; has evolved as a forum for strategic dialogue and cooperation on political, security and economic issues of common regional concern and plays an important role in the regional architecture. Six priority areas of regional cooperation within the framework of the EAS– Environment and Energy Education Finance Global Health Issues and Pandemic Diseases Natural Disaster Management ASEAN Connectivity (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1 Which One of the Following Is Not a Greenhouse Gas? Methane Hydrogen Nitrous oxide Ozone Q.2 Which of the following is incorrect regarding Wakhan corridor: It is a narrow strip of territory in Afghanistan. It separates Tajikistan from China The corridor was formed by an 1893 agreement between the British Empire (British India) and Afghanistan, creating the Durand Line. Select the correct code? 1 and 2 only 2 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and l3 Q.3 As Per provisions of Paris agreement the intended nationally determined contributions are to be reviewed every 15 years 10 years 5 years 3years ANSWERS FOR 28th Oct 2021 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 A 2 B 3 A Must Read On Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act of 1985: The Hindu On National Water Policy (NWP): Indian Express On Extra-Judicial Killings: The Leaflet
For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE करेंट अफेयर्स के प्रश्न 'द हिंदू', 'इंडियन एक्सप्रेस' और 'पीआईबी' जैसे स्रोतों पर आधारित होते हैं, जो यूपीएससी प्रारंभिक परीक्षा के लिए बहुत महत्वपूर्ण स्रोत हैं। प्रश्न अवधारणाओं और तथ्यों दोनों पर केंद्रित हैं। दोहराव से बचने के लिए यहां कवर किए गए विषय आम तौर पर 'दैनिक करंट अफेयर्स / डेली न्यूज एनालिसिस (डीएनए) और डेली स्टेटिक क्विज' के तहत कवर किए जा रहे विषयों से भिन्न होते हैं। प्रश्न सोमवार से शनिवार तक दोपहर 2 बजे से पहले प्रकाशित किए जाएंगे। इस कार्य में आपको 10 मिनट से ज्यादा नहीं देना है। इस कार्य के लिए तैयार हो जाएं और इस पहल का इष्टतम तरीके से उपयोग करें। याद रखें कि, "साधारण अभ्यर्थी और चयनित होने वाले अभ्यर्थी के बीच का अंतर केवल दैनक अभ्यास है !!" Important Note: Comment अनुभाग में अपने अंक पोस्ट करना न भूलें। साथ ही, हमें बताएं कि क्या आपको आज का टेस्ट अच्छा लगा । 5 प्रश्नों को पूरा करने के बाद, अपना स्कोर, समय और उत्तर देखने के लिए ‘View Questions’ पर क्लिक करें। उत्तर देखने के लिए, इन निर्देशों का पालन करें: 1 - 'स्टार्ट टेस्ट/ Start Test' बटन पर क्लिक करें प्रश्न हल करें 'टेस्ट सारांश/Test Summary'बटन पर क्लिक करें 'फिनिश टेस्ट/Finish Test'बटन पर क्लिक करें अब ‘View Questions’बटन पर क्लिक करें - यहां आपको उत्तर और लिंक दिखाई देंगे। To take the Test - Click Here
For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :) After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken, and solutions. To take the Test - Click Here
Archives Hello Students TLP has been an integral ingredient of success for many toppers is no secret. In the ‘must do’ list for the civil services exam, TLP is by far the most popular initiative. The popularity stems from the unparalleled quality of questions and synopsis posted in TLP. We strive hard to ensure that you get the real feel of UPSC standard before you write the Mains. You already know the features of TLP. Just to reiterate briefly, in the TLP initiative, we post 5 questions daily for a certain number of weeks (11 for this one). We follow a micro plan that is designed to give you daily targets. The questions are from the day’s syllabus and also from current affairs and you are expected to write the answers and post them on the portal. This year onwards TLP will have a Dedicated Portal for Focused Preparation (tlpmains.iasbaba.com). There will be a separate dedicated portal similar to (RaRe Series) which students loved and appreciated. The Portal will help you stay focused and keep your preparation streamlined. The Registration link for the dedicated portal is given at the end of the post. We are charging a token amount of 10/- for registration to the dedicated portal. We are doing it because we want to create a community of sincere aspirants who are focused and motivated till the Mains Examination. Please don’t take it otherwise. It is our honest effort to give you the best and at the same time expect students to come with the same energy and dedication to the dedicated platform specially designed for YOU! Join our bandwagon, you won’t regret it. UPSC 2022 Aspirants are encouraged to participate as well. Register Here - CLICK HERE To Know More About TLP 2022 (Phase 2) - CLICK HERE To Access Day 11 Questions - CLICK HERE P.S: The review from IASbaba will happen from the time the question is posted till 10 pm every day. We would also encourage peer reviews. So friends get actively involved and start reviewing each other’s answers. This will keep the entire community motivated. All the Best
Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) SC sets up committee to examine Pegasus allegations Part of: Prelims and GS III - Cybersecurity Context The SC has stressed that the power of the state to snoop in the name of national security into the “sacred private space” of individuals is not absolute. Thus, it has appointed an expert technical committee overseen by former Supreme Court judge R.V. Raveendran to examine allegations that the Centre used Israeli software Pegasus to spy on citizens. The court has also said that in a democratic country governed by the rule of law, indiscriminate spying cannot be allowed except with sufficient statutory safeguards. The use of technology for surveillance by the state must be evidence-based. What is Pegasus? It is a spyware tool developed by an Israeli firm, the NSO Group. Spyware spies on people through their phones. Pegasus works by sending an exploit link, and if the target user clicks on the link, the malware or the code that allows the surveillance is installed on the user’s phone. Once Pegasus is installed, the attacker has complete access to the target user’s phone. What can Pegasus do? Pegasus can “send back the target’s private data, including passwords, contact lists, calendar events, text messages, and live voice calls from popular mobile messaging apps”. The target’s phone camera and microphone can be turned on to capture all activity in the phone’s vicinity, expanding the scope of the surveillance. AY4.2 ‘infrequent’ in India: INSACOG Part of: Prelims and GS II - Health Context The latest mutation of the coronavirus variant, AY4.2, which has been linked to a rise in cases in the United Kingdom, is “very infrequent” in India, according to a weekly report by the India SARS-CoV-2 Genome Consortium (INSACOG). What is AY4.2? AY.4.2 is a descendant of the Delta variant of COVID-19. The Delta variant, also known as B.1.617.2, was first identified in India in October 2020. The AY.4.2 sub-lineage contains 2 mutations in its spike protein — A222V and Y145H. It is dubbed “Delta Plus” and now named VUI-21OCT-01 by the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA)). What is Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Consortia (INSACOG)? Coordinated by: Department of Biotechnology (DBT) along with MoH&FW, ICMR, and CSIR The consortium will ascertain the status of new variant of SARS-CoV-2 in the country. INSACOG will have a high level Inter-Ministerial Steering Committee. It will have a Scientific Advisory Group for scientific and technical guidance. Aim: To monitor the genomic variations in the SARS-CoV-2 on a regular basis through a multi-laboratory network. This vital research consortium will also assist in developing potential vaccines in the future. The consortium will also establish a sentinel surveillance for early detection of genomic variants with public health implication, and determine the genomic variants in the unusual events/trends (super-spreader events, high mortality/morbidity trend areas etc.). India seeks vaccine loans from ADB, AIIB Part of: Prelims and GS II - Health; International Relations Context The Government of India has applied for loans from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) to procure as many as 667 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines. Key takeaways The ADB is expected to lend $1.5 billion and the AIIB around $500 million. The 667 million doses will have to be vaccines qualified by the World Health Organization (WHO). AIIB will co-finance the vaccine procurement. The vaccine purchase by the Government of India has been made under the ADB’s Asia Pacific Vaccine Access Facility (APVAX) initiative. What is APVAX initiative? It was Launched in December 2020. It offers “rapid and equitable support to its developing member countries as they procure and deliver effective and safe COVID-19 vaccines”. Asian Development Bank (ADB) It is a regional development bank. It was established on 19 December 1966. Headquarters: Mandaluyong, Philippines. It was established to promote social and economic development in Asia. Motto: ADB is committed to achieving a prosperous, inclusive, resilient and sustainable Asia & the Pacific, while sustaining its efforts to eradicate extreme poverty. Five largest borrowing countries are China, India, Pakistan, Indonesia and Bangladesh. The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) It is a multilateral development bank with headquarters in Beijing, China. It is a development bank with a mission to improve the economic and social outcomes in Asia. It has 103 approved members. It focuses on investment in sustainable infrastructure and developmental projects. Membership to the bank is open to all members of the Asian Development Bank or the World Bank. African Union Part of: Prelims and GS II - International Relations Context The African Union has suspended Sudan until civilian rule in the country was restored, saying it rejected the military takeover in Sudan as an “unconstitutional” seizure of power. Also, the World Bank has suspended aid to Sudan following the military coup. About African Union It is a continental union consisting of 55 countries of Africa. In 2017, the AU admitted Morocco as a member state. The AU was announced in the Sirte Declaration in Sirte, Libya in 1999. It was founded in 2001 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. It was launched in 2002 in Durban, South Africa. The AU’s secretariat, the African Union Commission, is based in Addis Ababa Mullaperiyar dam issue Part of: Prelims and GS II - Separation of powers Context The Supreme Court has directed the Supervisory Committee to take an immediate and firm decision on the maximum water level that can be maintained at Mullaperiyar dam, amid torrential rain in Kerala. Background The SC constituted a permanent Supervisory Committee in 2014 to oversee all the issues concerning Mullaperiyar dam. The dam is a source of friction between Tamil Nadu and Kerala. What’s the issue? Kerala said the water level should not go above 139 feet, the same as what the court had ordered on August 24, 2018, when the State was hit by floods. It is because the lives of 50 lakh people would be in danger if the water level in the dam is raised. However, Tamil Nadu objected to this decision citing the Supreme Court judgments of 2006 and 2014, which fixed the maximum water level at 142 feet. Latest recommendation of the Supervisory Committee The Supervisory Committee recommended in the Supreme Court that there is no need to change the water level in the Mullaperiyar dam. Tamil Nadu states that its water level is at 137feet. However, Kerala did not agree with its opinion citing that its eventual release would risk floods and endanger the lives of lakhs of people in Kerala. What does Tamil Nadu say? Tamil Nadu claims that although it has undertaken measures to strengthen the dam, the Kerala government has blocked any attempt to raise the reservoir water level – resulting in losses for Madurai farmers. What are Kerala’s arguments? Kerala, however, highlights fears of devastation by residents living downstream in the earthquake-prone district of Idukki. Scientists have argued that if there is an earthquake in the region measuring above six on the Richter scale, the lives of over three million people will come under grave danger. Mullaperiyar Dam It is a masonry gravity dam built at the confluence of Mullayar and Periyar rivers. Although the dam is located in Kerala, it is operated by Tamil Nadu following an 1886 lease indenture for 999 years (the Periyar Lake Lease Agreement) that was signed between the Maharaja of Travancore and the Secretary of State for India for the Periyar Irrigation works. It was Constructed between 1887 and 1895. It redirected the river to flow towards the Bay of Bengal, instead of the Arabian Sea and provide water to the arid rain region of Madurai in Madras Presidency. Miscellaneous Har Ghar Dastak” (Knock Every Door) campaign The Health Ministry has launched the “Har Ghar Dastak” (Knock Every Door) campaign. It is scheduled to start soon in districts with low vaccination rates to enthuse and motivate people towards getting their jab. There were more than 10.34 crore people in the country who had missed the second dose of COVID-19 that they were due to take. (News from PIB) Krishi UDAN 2.0 Launched Part of: Prelims and Mains GS-II: Global groupings Context: Krishi UDAN 2.0 lays out the vision of Improving value realization through better integration and optimization of Agri-harvesting and air transportation Contributing to Agri-value chain sustainability and resilience under different and dynamic conditions. Development of E-KUSHAL (Krishi Udaan for Sustainable Holistic Agri-Logistics): Proposed to develop a platform which will facilitate in information dissemination to all the stakeholders that will also assist in coordination, monitoring and evaluation of the scheme. Proposed convergence of E-Kushal with National Agriculture Market (e-NAM). The model, A2A – Agriculture to Aviation: The convergence between the two sectors is possible because of 3 primary reasons – Evolutionary possible use of biofuel for aircraft in future, Use of drones in agriculture sector Greater integration and value realisation of agricultural products through schemes like Krishi UDAN News Source: PIB Agni-5 Part of: Prelims and Mains GS-II: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health In News: Agni-5, surface to surface ballistic missile has been launched successfully. Capable of striking targets at ranges up to 5,000 kilometres with very high degree of accuracy Uses a three-stage solid fuelled engine Successful launch in line with India’s policy to have ‘credible minimum deterrence’ that underpins the commitment to ‘No First Use’ News Source: PIB Indo-Pacific Regional Dialogue 2021 Theme of IPRD 2021: ‘Evolution in Maritime Strategy during the 21st Century: Imperatives, Challenges and Way Ahead’ India is fully determined to protect its maritime interests, while it supports the maintenance of rule-based maritime systems, as mandated under UN Convention on the Law of Seas (UNCLOS), 1982. Emphasized on the need for an efficient, cooperative and collaborative harnessing of the region’s maritime potential for sustaining a steady path to prosperity. While the seas offer abundant opportunities for sustenance and growth of the mankind, they pose challenges such as terrorism, piracy, drug trafficking and climate change. There is a need to find convergence of interests and commonality of purpose on maritime issues. About Indo-Pacific Regional Dialogue 2021 First conducted in 2018, the IPRD is the apex international annual conference of the Indian Navy and is the principal manifestation of the Navy’s engagement at the strategic-level. The National Maritime Foundation is the Navy’s knowledge partner and chief organiser of each edition of this annual event. The aim of each successive edition is to review both opportunities and challenges that arise within the Indo-Pacific. News Source: PIB ADB, India sign $100 million loan In News: The Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the Government of India signed a $100 million loan to promote agribusiness network to boost farm incomes and reduce food losses in the State of Maharashtra - Maharashtra Agribusiness Network (MAGNET) Project Holistic support to on-farm improvement in productivity, Up-gradation of post-harvest facilities Establishing efficient marketing structures to benefit horticulture producers Maharashtra produces 11% and 6% of India’s fruit and vegetable production, respectively, and accounts for about 8% of the country’s floriculture exports, most smallholder farmers lack capital to scale up and do not have direct access to emerging high-value markets. News Source: PIB (Mains Focus) AGRICULTURE / GOVERNANCE GS-3: Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security. GS-2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Procurement Reforms Context: Food Corporation of India (FCI) website shows that in October FCI was holding 86 million tonnes of grains (including unmilled paddy) against a buffer requirement (October 1) of 30 million tonnes. Last year’s procurement led to FCI holding a record quantity of grains in June-July thus year. During pandemic year, government raised the offtake of foodgrains from 65 million tonnes annually to 93 million tonnes (increased provision under PM Garib Kalyan Yojana) What are the issues with FCI procurement? Against a 65 million tonne annual requirement of foodgrains for distribution under the National Food Security Act, such massive procurement, is not only wasteful (given the lack of storage capacity) but also risks making India’s procurement for food security seem market-distortionary. Even though the FCI has been conducting open market auctions for part of its excess holdings, this is hardly enough to take care of the problem of excess. Export is obviously no route to liquidate the excess stock since WTO norms against market-distortion would kick in. Paddy/rice seems the main culprit—especially procurement from Punjab—with severe economic and environmental consequences. Short of giving the grains away, there seems to be little that can be done—unless, of course, a policy correction is made. What policy correction is required? The government can keep procuring to keep a handful of farmers in two/three states happy and perhaps donate surpluses to food programmes locally and overseas. Or Government can dilute the MSP’s appeal and move to end open procurement. A “micro-analysis of state-wise requirements and buffer norms” being done by the FCI should be expedited Another way to minimise the pain would be to limit open-ended procurement, say, by capping procurement as per size of individual land-holding. Government can also move to a pure cost-support regime but this will need significant political will, given rich and influential farmers’ addiction to price-support. Centre and Punjab must work together to incentivise the state’s farmers to switch from paddy to maize and even fruit and vegetables. Conclusion Without the above mentioned reforms, FCI’s burden will only grow. Connecting the dots: PM Garib Kalyan Yojana New Agricultural Bills and Opposition to it HEALTH/ GOVERNANCE GS-2: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, GS-2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission Context: COVID-19 exposed several weaknesses in India’s underfunded health system. What are the major issues with India’ s Health System? Rural primary care is underfunded and has shortages of staff, equipment, drugs and infrastructure in many parts of the country. Urban primary healthcare has still not emerged as an active programme in many States. District and medical college hospitals suffer shortages of specialist doctors and support staff. The private sector ranges from advanced tertiary care hospitals in big cities to informal and often unqualified care providers in villages. During the pandemic, Private sector could not effectively provide affordable care or deliver vaccines in large parts of India. There is a disconnect between the various levels of care within the public system, and the private system operated in a separate universe. Most government-funded healthcare insurance programmes did not cover outpatient care. Pradhan Mantri Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission (ABHIM) It will support infrastructure development of 17,788 rural health and wellness centres (HWCs) in seven high-focus States and three north-eastern States. In addition, 11,044 urban HWCs will be established in close collaboration with Urban Local Bodies. To provide a continuum of care at different levels, HWCs will be linked with the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana, for all entitled beneficiaries. The hub-and-spoke model of block, district, regional and national public health laboratories will enable effective microbial surveillance. Simultaneously, the network of centres will build a trained public health workforce that can perform routine public health functions while responding to a public health emergency. Support for 3,382 block public health units (BPHUs) in 11 high-focus States It will provide for establishment of integrated district public health laboratories in all 730 districts that will strengthen capacity for information technology-enabled disease surveillance. To enhance the capabilities for microbial surveillance, a National Platform for One Health will be established. Four Regional National Institutes of Virology will be established. Laboratory capacity under the National Centre for Disease Control, ICMR and national research institutions will be strengthened. Critical care hospital blocks, with 50-100 beds, will be established in 602 districts, to enable care for those with serious infectious diseases without disrupting other services. For enhancing the level of disaster response readiness, 15 health emergency operation centres and two container-based mobile hospitals will be created. Private sector participation in service delivery may be invited by States, as per need and availability. The government will spend Rs 64,180 crore on the scheme from the financial year 2021-22 to 2025-26. It can enable data-driven decentralised decision-making and people-partnered primary care at the block level while strengthening national connectivity for delivering universal healthcare. Therefore, the scheme aims at establishing comprehensive surveillance of infectious diseases. comprehensive diagnostics and treatment facilities. comprehensive pandemic research Way Ahead There is a need to train and deploy a larger and better skilled health workforce. Upgraded district hospitals offer the best opportunity for creating new training centres. Public health expertise will be needed for programme design, delivery, implementation and monitoring in many sectors that impact health. Many independently functioning programmes will have to work with a common purpose and this requires a need for a change of bureaucratic mindsets and a cultural shift in Centre-State relations. Connecting the dots: Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission Ayushman Bharat PMJAY (Sansad: Perspective) Oct 26: Climate Change & Public Perception- https://youtu.be/sI4wU0ECjCE TOPIC: GS-III: Climate Change Climate Change & Public Perception Context: From severe heat waves to extreme rainfall—the threats of climate change are becoming more palpable and attracting the attention of policymakers from around the world. While the increased public focus is a necessary first step, successfully mitigating the risk of climate change will also depend on the support and appropriate collective action from local communities. In News: The year 2021 marks a crucial juncture for charting the future of climate action. In the run-up to the G20 Summit and COP26 the UNDP and the University of Oxford have publishing the G20 Peoples’ Climate Vote. G20 Peoples’ Climate Vote The G20 Peoples’ Climate Vote polled over 689,000 people across 18 of the G20 countries from October 2020 until June 2021 focussed on various aspects of the issue of climate change including Climate Finance Policy, Cutting emissions and climate adaptation policy. In the survey, respondents were asked if climate change was a global emergency and whether they supported eighteen key climate policies across six action areas: economy, energy, transport, food & farms, nature and protecting people. According to this report, On average 70 per cent of young people in G20 countries believe that we are in a global climate emergency. 65 percent of adults believe the same. In eight of the ten survey countries with the highest emissions from the power sector, majorities backed more renewable energy. In four out of the five countries with the highest emissions from land-use change and enough data on policy preferences, there was majority support for conserving forests and land. Nine out of ten of the countries with the most urbanized populations backed more use of clean electric cars and buses, or bicycles. Policies had wide-ranging support, with the most popular being conserving forests and land (54% public support), more solar, wind and renewable power (53%), adopting climate-friendly farming techniques (52%) and investing more in green businesses and jobs (50%). The results of the survey clearly illustrate that urgent climate action has broad support amongst people around the globe, across nationalities, age, gender and education level. But more than that, the poll reveals how people want their policymakers to tackle the crisis. From climate-friendly farming to protecting nature and investing in a green recovery from COVID-19, the survey brings the voice of the people to the forefront of the climate debate. It signals ways in which countries can move forward with public support as we work together to tackle this enormous challenge. Note: The Group of 20 made up of 19 countries and the European Union, account for over 80% of global GDP, 60% of the world’s population, and more than 75% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Can you answer the following questions? Significance of public perception on the issue of climate change How will the public perception impact the decision making process on actions which need to be taken to tackle this challenge. (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1 Asia Pacific Vaccine Access Facility (APVAX) initiative is an initiative of? Asian Development Bank Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank World Health Organization NITI Aayog Q.2 Consider the following statements regarding Mullaperiyar Dam: It is a masonry gravity dam built at the confluence of Mullayar and Periyar rivers. The dam is located in Tamil Nadu It is operated by Kerala Which of the above is or are correct? 1 and 2 only 1 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and l3 Q.3 What is Pegasus? Spyware Constellation Missile Both (b) and (c) ANSWERS FOR 27th Oct 2021 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 B 2 C 3 C Must Read On Universal Health Coverage: Firstpost On Pegasus Judgement: Indian Express
Archives Hello Students TLP has been an integral ingredient of success for many toppers is no secret. In the ‘must do’ list for the civil services exam, TLP is by far the most popular initiative. The popularity stems from the unparalleled quality of questions and synopsis posted in TLP. We strive hard to ensure that you get the real feel of UPSC standard before you write the Mains. You already know the features of TLP. Just to reiterate briefly, in the TLP initiative, we post 5 questions daily for a certain number of weeks (11 for this one). We follow a micro plan that is designed to give you daily targets. The questions are from the day’s syllabus and also from current affairs and you are expected to write the answers and post them on the portal. This year onwards TLP will have a Dedicated Portal for Focused Preparation (tlpmains.iasbaba.com). There will be a separate dedicated portal similar to (RaRe Series) which students loved and appreciated. The Portal will help you stay focused and keep your preparation streamlined. The Registration link for the dedicated portal is given at the end of the post. We are charging a token amount of 10/- for registration to the dedicated portal. We are doing it because we want to create a community of sincere aspirants who are focused and motivated till the Mains Examination. Please don’t take it otherwise. It is our honest effort to give you the best and at the same time expect students to come with the same energy and dedication to the dedicated platform specially designed for YOU! Join our bandwagon, you won’t regret it. UPSC 2022 Aspirants are encouraged to participate as well. Register Here - CLICK HERE To Know More About TLP 2022 (Phase 2) - CLICK HERE To Access Day 10 Questions - CLICK HERE P.S: The review from IASbaba will happen from the time the question is posted till 10 pm every day. We would also encourage peer reviews. So friends get actively involved and start reviewing each other’s answers. This will keep the entire community motivated. All the Best
For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE करेंट अफेयर्स के प्रश्न 'द हिंदू', 'इंडियन एक्सप्रेस' और 'पीआईबी' जैसे स्रोतों पर आधारित होते हैं, जो यूपीएससी प्रारंभिक परीक्षा के लिए बहुत महत्वपूर्ण स्रोत हैं। प्रश्न अवधारणाओं और तथ्यों दोनों पर केंद्रित हैं। दोहराव से बचने के लिए यहां कवर किए गए विषय आम तौर पर 'दैनिक करंट अफेयर्स / डेली न्यूज एनालिसिस (डीएनए) और डेली स्टेटिक क्विज' के तहत कवर किए जा रहे विषयों से भिन्न होते हैं। प्रश्न सोमवार से शनिवार तक दोपहर 2 बजे से पहले प्रकाशित किए जाएंगे। इस कार्य में आपको 10 मिनट से ज्यादा नहीं देना है। इस कार्य के लिए तैयार हो जाएं और इस पहल का इष्टतम तरीके से उपयोग करें। याद रखें कि, "साधारण अभ्यर्थी और चयनित होने वाले अभ्यर्थी के बीच का अंतर केवल दैनक अभ्यास है !!" Important Note: Comment अनुभाग में अपने अंक पोस्ट करना न भूलें। साथ ही, हमें बताएं कि क्या आपको आज का टेस्ट अच्छा लगा । 5 प्रश्नों को पूरा करने के बाद, अपना स्कोर, समय और उत्तर देखने के लिए ‘View Questions’ पर क्लिक करें। उत्तर देखने के लिए, इन निर्देशों का पालन करें: 1 - 'स्टार्ट टेस्ट/ Start Test' बटन पर क्लिक करें प्रश्न हल करें 'टेस्ट सारांश/Test Summary'बटन पर क्लिक करें 'फिनिश टेस्ट/Finish Test'बटन पर क्लिक करें अब ‘View Questions’बटन पर क्लिक करें - यहां आपको उत्तर और लिंक दिखाई देंगे। To take the Test - Click Here
For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :) After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken, and solutions. To take the Test - Click Here
