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Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2021 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 24th November 2021

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :) After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken, and solutions. To take the Test - Click Here

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OPEN SESSION on How to Score 400+ in GS Mains 2021 on 27th November (Saturday) in DELHI

Dear Students We are organizing a session by Mohan Sir who will share some of the most trusted and tested techniques to score 400+ in the General Studies Mains Examination. The Session will include Live Answer Writing. The open session will be at DELHI CENTRE. Use this opportunity to build a strong foundation. Mohan Sir’s session will be followed by a Free 1:1 Mentorship Session Our experienced Mentors will guide the Mains 2021 Students in this Free Mentorship session. Students can come along with any TLP Answers/ any other answer sheet and get general feedback from the Mentor. It can help in improving your score by a few marks. Remember each and every mark is important in the Mains examination not only for getting a rank but also for getting your dream service. IASbaba’s TLP+ Student Rank 28, DIVYA MISHRA is on the TOP SCORERS in GS with 455 Marks.  DATE & TIME – 27th November (Saturday) at 11 AM. VENUE – IASBABA’s DELHI CENTRE – Plot 22-B, 3rd floor, Pusa Road, Bada Bazar Marg, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi- 110060 REGISTER HERE - CLICK HERE See you there. All the Best IASbaba Team

UPSC हिन्दी Quiz– 2021: IASbaba Daily Current Affairs Quiz 23rd November 2021

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE करेंट अफेयर्स के प्रश्न 'द हिंदू', 'इंडियन एक्सप्रेस' और 'पीआईबी' जैसे स्रोतों पर आधारित होते हैं, जो यूपीएससी प्रारंभिक परीक्षा के लिए बहुत महत्वपूर्ण स्रोत हैं। प्रश्न अवधारणाओं और तथ्यों दोनों पर केंद्रित हैं। दोहराव से बचने के लिए यहां कवर किए गए विषय आम तौर पर 'दैनिक करंट अफेयर्स / डेली न्यूज एनालिसिस (डीएनए) और डेली स्टेटिक क्विज' के तहत कवर किए जा रहे विषयों से भिन्न होते हैं। प्रश्न सोमवार से शनिवार तक दोपहर 2 बजे से पहले प्रकाशित किए जाएंगे। इस कार्य में आपको 10 मिनट से ज्यादा नहीं देना है। इस कार्य के लिए तैयार हो जाएं और इस पहल का इष्टतम तरीके से उपयोग करें। याद रखें कि, "साधारण अभ्यर्थी और चयनित होने वाले अभ्यर्थी के बीच का अंतर केवल दैनक अभ्यास है !!" Important Note: Comment अनुभाग में अपने अंक पोस्ट करना न भूलें। साथ ही, हमें बताएं कि क्या आपको आज का टेस्ट अच्छा लगा । 5 प्रश्नों को पूरा करने के बाद, अपना स्कोर, समय और उत्तर देखने के लिए ‘View Questions’ पर क्लिक करें। उत्तर देखने के लिए, इन निर्देशों का पालन करें: 1 - 'स्टार्ट टेस्ट/ Start Test' बटन पर क्लिक करें प्रश्न हल करें 'टेस्ट सारांश/Test Summary'बटन पर क्लिक करें 'फिनिश टेस्ट/Finish Test'बटन पर क्लिक करें अब ‘View Questions’बटन पर क्लिक करें - यहां आपको उत्तर और लिंक दिखाई देंगे। To take the Test - Click Here

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 23rd November 2021

Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) The Global State of Democracy Report, 2021 Part of: Prelims and GS II - Polity  Context The Global State of Democracy Report, 2021 was released.  Released by: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance Key findings of the report  The number of countries moving towards authoritarianism in 2020 was higher than that of countries going towards democracy. Democratically elected Governments are increasingly adopting authoritarian tactics. Brazil and India were highlighted as “some of the most worrying examples of backsliding”.  India remained in the category of a mid-level performing democracy. The pandemic has thus had a particularly damaging effect on non-democratic countries. U.S.-India Trade Policy Forum (TPF) Part of: Prelims and GS-II - International relations Context U.S. Trade Representative was recently in India to revive the U.S.-India Trade Policy Forum (TPF) after a four-year break. India’s Regulatory norms as Key impediments to bilateral trade  Market access restrictions High tariffs Unpredictable regulatory requirements Restrictive trade measures Areas with huge potential for growth Digital economy Services Health-related trade  Agriculture Common challenges Climate change and sustainability Vulnerable supply chains  Promoting market-oriented principles and structures ICMR and booster dose Part of: Prelims and GS-II - Health  Context According to ICMR, There is no scientific evidence so far to support the need for a booster vaccine dose against COVID-19 According to officials, around 82% of the eligible population in India have received the first dose of the vaccine while around 43% have been fully vaccinated. What is the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)? ICMR, New Delhi is the apex body in India for the formulation, coordination, and promotion of biomedical research.  Ministry: Ministry of Health & Family Welfare.  It is funded by the Government of India  The Governing Body of ICMR is presided over by the Union Health Minister. ‘Har Ghar Dastak ’ campaign A month-long ‘Har Ghar Dastak’ campaign launched for house-to-house COVID-19 vaccination.  All-India Survey on Domestic Workers Part of: Prelims and GS-III - Economy  Context The first All-India Survey on Domestic Workers was launched recently. Ministry: Labour and Employment Ministry First-of-its-kind survey in India Key takeaways  The survey would be completed in a year. Carried out by: Labour Bureau Aim:  Estimating the number of domestic workers at the national and State levels Those engaged in informal employment Migrant and non-migrant workers Domestic workers staying at their employers’ homes and those who do not; their wages Broad parameters to be covered: Household Characteristics such as HH size, Religion, Social Group. Demographic Characteristics such as Name, Age,  Age of entry, Social Group, Migrant status, Vocational Training/Education Information on Employer Households Defence alliance, AUKUS Part of: Prelims and GS-II - International relations and GS-III- Defence and security Context Australia, USA and UK recently Signed an agreement allowing the exchange of sensitive “naval nuclear propulsion information” between their nations under AUKUS alliance. Key takeaways  It is the first agreement on the technology to be signed since formation of the alliance. AUKUS was particularly formed to confront strategic tensions in the Pacific where China-US rivalry is growing. The deal will help Australia to complete an 18-month study into submarine procurement. About AUKUS deal Under the AUKUS deal, Australia would obtain eight state-of-the-art, nuclear-powered but conventionally armed submarines capable of stealthy, long-range missions. (News from PIB) India’s first Virtual Science Lab for children Part of: Prelims  In News: India’s first Virtual Science Lab for children under CSIR Jigyasa programme, which will also connect students with scientists across the country has been launched. This will not only take science to all segments of students in every corner of the country, but it is also in tune with the National Education Policy (NEP), where students are allowed to choose any subject and the concept of streams has been disbanded CSIR has partnered with IIT Bombay to develop a Virtual Lab platform under CSIR Jigyasa programme, which facilitates classroom learning with laboratory research for school students. The main aim of the Virtual Lab is to provide quality research exposure and innovative pedagogy for school students to drive their scientific curiosity based on an online interactive medium with simulated experiments, pedagogy based content, videos, chat forums, animations, gaming, quiz, facility sharing, webinars etc. Will enable curiosity driven research based concepts, encourage higher order thinking skills, promote entrepreneurship and develop passion about science News Source: PIB (Mains Focus) AGRICULTURE/ GOVERNANCE GS-3: Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies GS-2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.  Reforming the Fertilizer Sector Context: Since 1991, when economic reforms began in India, several attempts have been made to reform the fertilizer sector to  Keep a check on the rising fertilizer subsidy bill Promote the efficient use of fertilizers Achieve balanced use of N, P and K (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium),  Reduce water and air pollution caused by fertilizers like urea.  What are the issues with Fertiliser Subsidies in India? Failed attempt to increase Price of Fertilizer The Economic Survey of 1991-92 noted that fertilizer prices remained almost unchanged from July 1981 to July 1991.  The Union Budget of July 1991 raised the issue prices of fertilizers by 40% on average. But from August that year, this was reduced to 30%, and small and marginal farmers were exempted from the price increase.  The Economic Survey further noted that even with this 30% increase, fertilizer subsidy remained substantial and needed to be reduced further. More recently, Fertilizer subsidy has doubled in a short period of three years. For 2021-22, the Union Budget has estimated fertilizer subsidy at ₹79,530 crore (from ₹66,468 crore in 2017-18) Disproportionate use of Urea Due to opposition to increase fertilizer prices, the increase in the price of urea was rolled back to 17% in 1992 over the pre-reform price. This change disturbed the relative prices of various fertilizers and resulted in a big shift in the composition of fertilizers used in the country in favour of urea and thus N.  The ratio of use of N:P:K increased from 5.9:2.4:1 in 1991-92 to 9.7:2.9:1 in 1993-94 Rather, there has been an uncontrolled increase in subsidies on urea, due to almost freezing the MRP of urea in different time periods and its rising sale due to low cost. Inter-State disparities in fertilizer subsidy In 2019-20, fertilizer use per hectare of cultivated area varied from 70 kg of NPK in Rajasthan to 250 kg in Telangana. N,P,K ratio was 33.7:8.0:1 in Punjab and 1.3:0.7:1 in Kerala.  All these have implications for inter-State disparities in fertilizer subsidy due to high variations in subsidy content, which is highly biased towards urea and thus nitrogen. Import Dependence The total demand for urea in the country is about 34-35 million tonnes (mln t) whereas the domestic production is about 25 mln t.  The requirement of Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) is about 12 mln t and domestic production is just 5 mln t.  This leaves the gap of nearly 9-10 mln t for urea and 7 mln t for DAP, which is met through imports.  In addition, consumption of complex fertilizers (NPK) is about 12-13 mln t, which is largely produced within the country and so the import requirement is only 1 mln t. Volatile International Prices creating fiscal challenges Of late, there has been a surge in international prices with urea prices rising to a record level of over $900 per metric tonne (mt) in November 2021 from nearly $270 per mt in September 2020.  Likewise, the international prices of DAP have risen from about $360 per mt in September 2020 to about $825 per mt in November 2021. In order to minimise the impact of rise in prices on farmers, the bulk of the price rise is absorbed by the government through enhanced fertilizer subsidy. This is likely to create serious fiscal challenges. Subsidy burden borne by Tax payers At current prices, farmers pay about ₹268 per bag of urea and the Government of India pays an average subsidy of about ₹930 per bag.  Thus, taxpayers bear 78% of the cost of urea and farmers pay only 22%. This is expected to increase and is not sustainable.  Demand of subsidy for organic fertilizer Concerned with the adverse environmental impact of certain chemical fertilizers, some sections of society suggest the use of organic fertilizers and biofertilizers instead.  There is a growing demand to provide subsidies and other incentives for organic fertilizers and biofertilizers to match those provided for chemical fertilizers. The Way Forward In order to address the multiple goals of fertilizer policy, we need to simultaneously work on four key policy areas.  One, we need to be self-reliant and not depend on import of fertilizers. In this way, we can escape the vagaries of high volatility in international prices.  In this direction, five urea plants at Gorakhpur, Sindri, Barauni, Talcher and Ramagundam are being revived in the public sector.  Two, we need to extend the Nutrient Based Subsidy (NBS) model to urea and allow for price rationalisation of urea compared to non-nitrogenous fertilizers and prices of crops. Three, we need to develop alternative sources of nutrition for plants like organic and biofertilizers. This also provides the scope to use a large biomass of crop that goes waste and enhance the value of livestock byproducts.  Finally, India should pay attention to improving fertilizer efficiency through need-based use rather than broadcasting fertilizer in the field. Ex: Nano Urea by IFFCO. Conclusion The above changes will go a long way in enhancing the productivity of agriculture, mitigating climate change, providing an alternative to chemical fertilizers and balancing the fiscal impact of fertilizer subsidy on the Union Budgets in the years to come. Can you answer this question now? Examine the distorting impact of agricultural subsidies. What reforms are needed to streamline the subsidy regime in India? Discuss POLITY/ GOVERNANCE GS-3: Indian Economy & its challenges GS-2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. India’s Coal Usage under Scrutiny Context: On the final day of the UN Climate Change Conference held in Glasgow, India’s Minister for Environment read out a statement promising to “phase down” rather than “phase out” the use of coal.  This caused many to raise questions about India’s commitment to tackling climate change. Why must dependence on coal be reduced? Since carbon emissions are considered the main culprit in global warming, countries have been committing themselves to turning carbon neutral by various dates.  One key way to achieve carbon neutrality, wherein countries compensate for their carbon emissions by capturing an equal amount of carbon from the atmosphere, is to reduce dependence on coal.  Coal is the most polluting among fossil fuels, and hence, its use in particular has come under scrutiny. Why is it difficult? Coal is used to meet over 70% of India’s electricity needs. Most of this coal comes from domestic mines.  In FY 2020-21, India produced 716 million tonnes of coal, compared with 431 million tonnes a decade ago.  Since FY 2018-19, domestic production has stagnated and has been unable to meet the rising domestic demand, leading to a rise in imports.  Most of the country’s coal production is limited to Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh with a total production of over 550 million tonnes, contributing to over 75% of the country’s total coal production.  The Prime Minister promised to increase non-fossil fuel energy capacity to 500 GW by 2030, meet 50% energy needs from renewable sources and reduce carbon emissions by 1 billion tonnes in a decade.  According to an estimate by the Centre for Science and Environment, the promise to reduce emissions by 1 billion tonnes means that India would need to reduce its carbon output by 22% by 2030.  India now meets about 12% of its electricity needs from renewable sources, and increasing it to 50% by 2030 will be difficult.  While some renewable energy sources like solar are cheap, they are unreliable because of the intermittency problem. They thus require the use of storage batteries, which adds to the cost.  Further, the damage that coal causes to commonly owned resources like the environment is not factored into its cost. So, there is not much economic incentive for countries to limit or to end their massive reliance on coal. Is it fair to ask India to phase out coal? India has fought attempts by developed countries to impose a cap on its emissions.  It has argued that adopting stringent steps to reduce carbon emissions can drag down growth and affect efforts to reduce poverty.  It should also be noted that per capita carbon emissions of countries such as India and China are still lower than those of many developed countries. According to World Bank data of 2018, India produces 1.8 metric tonnes of carbon emissions per capita (15.2 for USA). Experts believe India’s commitment to phase down coal and become carbon neutral may actually be a rather generous commitment than what developed countries have committed themselves to.  Critics have also pointed out that the focus on ending the use of coal deflects attention from other fossil fuels such as oil and natural gas that are heavily used by developed countries.  They also say developed countries have not made good on their climate finance  promise made at COP15 in Copenhagen to offer $100 billion every year to developing countries to achieve net zero emissions. What lies ahead? It is highly unlikely that developing countries like India and China will reduce their coal consumption or even stop it from rising further.  Coal, after all, is the cheapest and most reliable way to meet their rising energy needs. Further, the pledges made by countries at COP26 to reach net zero emissions or to phase down coal are not legally binding.  Some leaders have proposed a carbon tax as an alternative to ensure that the price of coal reflects the cost of the damage it causes to the environment. This may turn out to be a more effective approach towards reining in carbon emissions.  Coal on average is priced at $2, while experts believe that it should be priced in the range of $30 to $70 to reflect its true cost.  But such high carbon taxes can cause a drastic fall in coal output and severely affect living standards unless alternative sources of energy step in to fill the gap. India also faces its own set of structural problems in the power sector that will make the transition towards clean energy harder.  The pricing of power, for instance, is influenced by populist politics which may hinder private investment in renewable energy. Connecting the dots: Reforms in Coal Sector Commercial Coal Mining Coal Crisis (Down to Earth: Health) Nov 20: Antimicrobial Awareness Week 2021: Why India needs to re-examine its pediatric practices - https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/health/antimicrobial-awareness-week-2021-why-india-needs-to-re-examine-its-pediatric-practices-80242   TOPIC: GS-2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation Context: India has one of the largest pediatric populations in the world: Those under 18 years comprise over 40 per cent of the country’s 1.3 billion. Pediatric healthcare, therefore, has a critical role in the overall health benefits for the country. It is unfortunate that multi-drug resistant bacterial infections are rampant in this population, which has led to life-threatening serious infections even in a newborn. The term antimicrobial is used for medicines targeting living microbes.  Includes antibiotics for bacterial infections, anti-virals for viral infections, antifungals for fungal infections, and anti-parasitics for infections caused by parasites. The term broadly defines how medicines that worked efficiently earlier are unable to destroy microbes causing the disease. An unprecedented rise in antimicrobial resistance globally threatens to reverse the achievements of modern medicine.  The biggest driver of antimicrobial resistance is the use of antimicrobials themselves, which leads to selective pressure among the microbes to survive the effect of the antimicrobials and become resistant to their effect. The resistant mechanisms are passed from one bacteria to another. How do we deal with it? The options to treat antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are limited. The drugs are expensive and have side effects. The only solution in hand is to reduce the resistance rates by avoiding antibiotics when not indicated as well as choosing the right drug, dose, interval, route and duration only when needed. The pediatric population is vulnerable to respiratory and diarrhea infections owing to a weaker immunity compared to the older population.  A majority of these infections are caused by viruses that cause fever, running nose, cough and watery diarrhea. Viral infections are usually self-limiting and require only medicines to relieve symptoms; paracetamol, for example, brings down the fever. A saline nose drop relieves a blocked nose. Antibiotics that are meant to treat bacterial infections have no effect on viruses. And yet, antibiotics are widely misused. Children often receive multiple courses of antibiotics every year since viral infections are recurrent. This problem is further precipitated in children who have hypersensitive airways that make them cough whenever there is a change in climatic conditions or pollution levels. These conditions are often mistaken as bacterial pneumonia and are treated unnecessarily with antibiotics. The problems are multifold.  At the prescriber’s end, the antibiotic abuse takes place because of difficulty to differentiate between viral and bacterial infections; the latter having an adverse impact if antibiotics are not started in time. The lack of inexpensive confirmatory tests that can help differentiate between viral and bacterial respiratory infections compounds the challenge.  Antibiotics are misused either due to lack of clinical skill / lack of diagnostic facility or the fear and insecurity of losing a patient to another prescriber. Heavy patient load also causes interference in the time that needs to be devoted for history and physical examination; antibiotics are prescribed more often to safeguard oneself just in case a bacterial infection is missed. Most of these issues can be tackled by training doctors and communicating with parents / guardians on managing symptoms. The antibiotics are many a time misused by users, parents, and patients: They self-medicate by buying antibiotics without a prescription. Steps being taken  A national guideline released in 2016 included recommended treatment for common illnesses in children. Many antibiotics have been brought under H1 category and with a redline on the label so that these are not sold over the counter without a valid prescription. The Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) has been actively involved in increasing awareness about antibiotic misuse and practice rational antibiotics. This is being done through educational tools like conferences, webinars, workshops, textbooks , etc. But there is no system in place to monitor or regulate antibiotic use in the community. The antimicrobial stewardship practices followed by the developed countries rely on leadership commitment, inputs from infectious disease physicians / clinical pharmacists and require resources of time, personnel and IT support.  The Way Forward The ‘One Health’ approach of addressing all stakeholders is the best way forward.  Comprehensive Surveillance Framework: To track the spread of resistance in microbes, surveillance measures to identify these organisms need to expand beyond hospitals and encompass livestock, wastewater and farm run-offs.  Sustained Investments: Finally, since microbes will inevitably continue to evolve and become resistant even to new antimicrobials, we need sustained investments and global coordination to detect and combat new resistant strains on an ongoing basis. Managing Pharmaceutical Waste: Given the critical role of manufacturing and environmental contamination in spreading AMR through pharmaceutical waste, there is a need to look into measures to curb the amount of active antibiotics released in pharmaceutical waste. Controlled Prescription & Consumer Awareness: Efforts to control prescription through provider incentives should be accompanied by efforts to educate consumers to reduce inappropriate demand. Multi-sectoral Coordination: AMR must no longer be the remit solely of the health sector, but needs engagement from a wide range of stakeholders, representing agriculture, trade and the environment. Solutions in clinical medicine must be integrated with improved surveillance of AMR in agriculture, animal health and the environment.  Public awareness about the need for judicious use of antimicrobials needs to be ramped up. This would help physicians to not resort to antimicrobials just for satisfying the health seeker. Better and rapid diagnostic facilities: The availability of rapid diagnostic tests such as rapid malarial antigen test, Dengue NS1 Antigen test, etc., has revolutionised the time taken to confirm a clinical diagnosis and give appropriate treatment. The country needs stringent regulations to avoid irrational antibiotic combinations as well as over-the-counter availability of antibiotics. Vaccination plays an important role in preventing bacterial diseases such as pneumonia, typhoid, diphtheria, meningitis, whooping cough, etc.   Can you answer the following questions? A bigger challenge lies in checking irrational use of antimicrobials for common viral illnesses that a majority of children suffer from. Discuss.  (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1 The first All-India Survey on Domestic Workers was launched recently by which of the following Ministry? Ministry of Statistics Ministry of Labour and Employment  Ministry of Finance None of the above Q.2 ‘Har Ghar Dastak’ campaign is associated with which of the following? Polio vaccination Education campaign for girls COVID-19 vaccination  Job campaign for immigrants Q.3 Consider the following statements regarding Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)? ICMR is the apex body in India for the formulation, coordination, and promotion of biomedical research.  It comes under the Ministry of Biotechnology .  Select the correct answer from the following codes: Only 1 Only 2 Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2  ANSWERS FOR 22nd Nov 2021 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 A 2 D 3 B Must Read On data protection provisos: The Hindu On sanitation workers safety: Indian Express

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2021 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 23rd November 2021

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :) After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken, and solutions. To take the Test - Click Here

IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 2): UPSC Mains Answer Writing – General Studies Paper 2 Questions [23rd November, 2021] – Day 32

Archives Hello Students   TLP has been an integral ingredient of success for many toppers is no secret. In the ‘must do’ list for the civil services exam, TLP is by far the most popular initiative. The popularity stems from the unparalleled quality of questions and synopsis posted in TLP. We strive hard to ensure that you get the real feel of UPSC standard before you write the Mains.   You already know the features of TLP. Just to reiterate briefly, in the TLP initiative, we post 5 questions daily for a certain number of weeks (11 for this one). We follow a micro plan that is designed to give you daily targets. The questions are from the day’s syllabus and also from current affairs and you are expected to write the answers and post them on the portal.   This year onwards TLP will have a Dedicated Portal for Focused Preparation (tlpmains.iasbaba.com). There will be a separate dedicated portal similar to (RaRe Series) which students loved and appreciated. The Portal will help you stay focused and keep your preparation streamlined. The Registration link for the dedicated portal is given at the end of the post. We are charging a token amount of 10/- for registration to the dedicated portal. We are doing it because we want to create a community of sincere aspirants who are focused and motivated till the Mains Examination. Please don’t take it otherwise. It is our honest effort to give you the best and at the same time expect students to come with the same energy and dedication to the dedicated platform specially designed for YOU! Join our bandwagon, you won’t regret it. UPSC 2022 Aspirants are encouraged to participate as well. Register Here - CLICK HERE  To Know More About TLP 2022 (Phase 2) - CLICK HERE To Access Day 32 Questions - CLICK HERE P.S: The review from IASbaba will happen from the time the question is posted till 10 pm every day. We would also encourage peer reviews. So friends get actively involved and start reviewing each other’s answers. This will keep the entire community motivated. All the Best 

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 22nd November 2021

Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Democracy Summit of the USA Part of: Prelims and GS II - International relations Context India will participate in U.S.A’s “Summit for Democracy” to be held on 9th and 10th December. Key takeaways  More than 100 democratic countries are invited to participate at the summit. The summit is expected to include “individual and collective commitments to defend democracy and human rights at international level. Key themes: “Defending against authoritarianism”, “Addressing and fighting corruption”, and “Advancing respect for human rights”. An attempt was earlier made by the U.S. and the U.K. to expand the G-7 meeting into a “D-10” or group of 10 democracies that would represent 60% of the global population, including Australia, India and South Korea, along with the G-7 group. The Group of Seven (G7) is an inter-governmental political forum consisting of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States Personal Data Protection (PDP) Bill Part of: Prelims and GS-II - policies and interventions  Context At least five of the 30 members of the Joint Parliamentary Committee on the Personal Data Protection (PDP) Bill are expected to move dissent (disagreement with official opinions) notes to the panel’s report on the legislation.  These notes were mostly directed at the controversial clause that allowed the Union Government to exempt any agency under its purview from the law. About Personal Data Protection (PDP) Law The law is a comprehensive piece of legislation that seeks to give individuals greater control over how their personal data is collected, stored and used.  The Bill also establishes a Data Protection Authority for the same. Genesis of the Bill  The genesis of this Bill lies in the report prepared by a Committee of Experts headed by Justice B.N. Srikrishna. The committee was constituted by the government in the course of hearings before the Supreme Court in the right to privacy case (Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India). Contentious section 35 Section 35, which invokes “sovereignty and integrity of India,” “public order”, “friendly relations with foreign states” and “security of the state” to give powers to the Central government to suspend all or any of the provisions of this Act for government agencies. This clause assumes importance against the backdrop of recent revelations in the Pegasus spyware case, where both private and public citizens were allegedly snooped upon by the Government. The panel reached a middle path on the clause by agreeing that the Government had to record in writing the reasons to give exemption to any agency.  Demands that this clause be suitably amended so as to include the provision to seek approval from Parliament for seeking such exemptions were not accepted by the Government. “When schools shut: Gendered impacts of COVID-19 school closures” - A Global study by UNESCO Part of: Prelims and GS-II - Education  Context A new study by UNESCO, titled “When schools shut: Gendered impacts of COVID-19 school closures” was recently released. Key findings of the report  Threat to gender equality: Educational disruption due to prolonged closure of schools across the globe will have alarming effects on learning loss and also poses threat to gender equality. Different impact: Girls and boys, young women and men were affected differently by school closures, depending on the context. At the peak of the pandemic, 1.6 billion students in 190 countries were affected by school closures.  They lost access to education, but also to the myriad benefits of attending school, at an unparalleled scale. Gender norms and expectations can affect the ability to participate in and benefit from remote learning. In poorer contexts, girls’ time to learn was constrained by increased household chores.  Boys’ participation in learning was limited by income-generating activities.  Girls faced difficulties in engaging in digital remote learning modalities due to limited access to Internet-enabled devices, a lack of digital skills and cultural norms restricting their use of technological devices. World’s most sophisticated MRI facility Part of: Prelims and GS-III - Sci and tech Context Recently, the Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) Science & Technology launched first of its kind, world’s most sophisticated MRI facility at the National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Manesar Haryana. NBRC is an autonomous institute funded by the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India. About new MRI facility With this facility, India embarks on new frontiers of human Neuroscience  This new facility can run intense scanning modalities very fast, which reduces the scanning time for patients  It can detect and quantify highly sensitive receptors and antioxidants from the brain which has a direct link with onset of various brain disorders like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and psychiatric disorders.  Also, heavy metal deposition in the brain due to pollution or many other factors can be quantified as necessary  What is Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)? MRI is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the body.  MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves to generate images of the organs in the body. MRI is the most frequently used imaging test of the brain and spinal cord.  Indira Gandhi Peace Prize Part of: Prelims  Context Pratham, a civil society organisation dedicated to improving the quality of education among underprivileged children in India and across the world, has been selected for the Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development for 2021. Pioneer work The 2021 Prize is awarded to Pratham for its pioneering work over more than 25 years  in seeking to ensure that every child has access to quality education for its innovative use of digital technology to deliver education for its programmes to provide skills to young adults  for its timely response in enabling children to learn during the COVID-19 related school closures About Indira Gandhi Prize The Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development, is the prestigious award accorded annually by Indira Gandhi Memorial Trust. It is given to individuals or organisations in recognition of creative efforts toward promoting international peace, development and a new international economic order. The prize carries a cash award of 2.5 million INR and a citation.  The panel consists of prominent national and international personalities including previous recipients.  Location: New Delhi (News from PIB) World Fisheries Day: Nov 21 Part of: Prelims and Mains GS-3: Agriculture & allied activities Celebrations to focus on changing the way the world manages global fisheries ensuring sustainable stocks & healthy ecosystems Government of India is in the forefront of transforming the fisheries sector and bringing about economic revolution through Blue Revolution in the country.  The sector envisioned to increase the farmers’ income through enhancement of production and productivity, improving the quality and reduction of waste. Launch of Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) Launched with a budget of over Rs.20,050 crores for a period of five years.  PMMSY aims to achieve fish production of 22 MMT from the current 15.0 MMT by 2024-25and to create an additional employment opportunity to about 55 lakh people through this sector. Objectives:  To address critical gaps in fish production and productivity; quality, technology, post-harvest infrastructure and management, modernisation and strengthening of value chain, traceability, establishing a robust fisheries management framework and fishers’ welfare;  Harnessing of fisheries potential in a sustainable, responsible, inclusive and equitable manner;  enhancing contribution to Agriculture GVA and exports;  Social, physical and economic security for fishers and fish farmers;  Robust fisheries management and regulatory framework News Source: PIB Cleanest Cities of India Part of: Prelims  Indore wins the title of ‘Cleanest City’ for fifth consecutive time under Swachh Survekshan Nine 5-Star Cities, 143 Cities 3-Star Garbage Free Cities Indore, Navi Mumbai and Nellore emerge as Top Performers in SafaiMitra Suraksha Challenge Varanasi emerged as the ‘Best Ganga Town’ Maharashtra has successfully bagged a total of 92 awards, the highest by any State in this year’s Survekshan, followed by Chhattisgarh with 67 awards. Also, a futuristic and state-of-the-art spatial GIS platform was launched that will further propel the Mission towards smart, data driven decision making.  Award: Organized to recognize the good work done for Swachhata by towns/ cities, States and Union Territories under various initiatives of the Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban), viz. Swachh Survekshan 2021, Safaimitra Suraksha Challenge, and certifications for Garbage Free Star rating for cities  News Source: PIB Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana – Gramin Part of: Prelims and Mains GS-II: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. In News: Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana – Gramin completes 5 years The Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana – Gramin (PMAY-G) is one of the flagship programmes of the Government of India which is driven by the noble objective of providing “Housing for All” by the year 2022.  It is a social welfare program through which the Government provides financial assistance to houseless beneficiaries identified using SECC 2011 data to help them construct a house of respectable quality for their personal living.  The Scheme envisaged constructing 2.95 crore PMAY-G houses with all basic amenities by the year 2021-22.  The scheme envisioned providing other facilities to make it an aspirational home for the beneficiaries through convergence with other schemes like Swachh Bharat Mission, PM Ujjwala Yojana for providing LPG connection and unskilled wage component of 90-95 days under MGNREGS. News Source: PIB (Mains Focus) INTERNATIONAL/ SECURITY GS-2: India and its neighborhood- relations.  GS-3: Security challenges and their management in border areas China’s Nuclear Capabilities Context: The only real substantive outcome of recently held virtual summit between Presidents Joe Biden and Xi Jinping has been some unconfirmed reports of the two sides, the US & China, agreeing to hold strategic nuclear talks sometime in the near future.  Issues with China’s Nuclear capabilities: China’s nuclear capabilities, in particular, are undergoing a fundamental transformation and a shift seems to be evident in both the quantity and the quality of the PRC’s atomic arsenal. There is growing concern globally about the trajectory of China’s strategic capabilities.  China Military Power Report (CMPR) recently released by the US reveals four specific areas where change is underway — quantitative strength, atomic yield, delivery capabilities and posture. Size of the PRC’s nuclear arsenal Until now, China’s nuclear arsenal has hovered at roughly 200 nuclear warheads, half of which directed at USA.  By 2027, it is estimated that this number is likely to increase to 700 weapons consisting of varying yields which is three and half times the current Chinese warhead strength.  Low Yield Weapons Low-yield weapons have been an area of interest and development for China.  They are weapons meant for battlefield use during conventional military operations and against conventional targets such as concentrations of armoured, artillery and infantry forces.  Lower yield warheads help the PRC avoid causing collateral damage.  Prior to the release of the CMPR, evidence that China was testing low-yield devices has periodically surfaced in years past.  There is growing concern that China’s atomic arsenal consists of a large number of low-yield weapons ideal for battlefield use.  Delivery Capabilities These low-yield nuclear warheads are also likely to find their way into a key delivery capability — the PRC’s Dong-Feng-26 (DF-26) ballistic missile.  This missile has already undergone deployment at Korla in the Xinjiang region in Western China. In addition to the DF-26, China has also developed the JL-2 Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles (SLBMs) with a range of 7,200 kilometres capable of striking targets across continental Asia. Nuclear Posture Finally, China’s move towards a Launch on Warning (LoW) nuclear posture marks an important shift in the PRC’s commitment to ensuring that no adversary doubts its response in the event of a nuclear first strike. A higher alert posture not only risks reducing the threshold for nuclear use in the form of preemption but it could also sow the seeds of miscalculation and unintended nuclear use.  Implications on India The PRC’s nuclear competition with the United States will have a cascading effect. First, the size of China’s nuclear arsenal complicates the potency of India’s nuclear arsenal Second, is the Beijing’s pursuit of a Launch on Warning (LoW) posture. Such a posture reduces the decision time for any Indian retaliatory nuclear strike in the heat of a war or crisis and places pressure on India to pursue its own LoW.  Despite Beijing’s pursuit of No First Use (NFU), which is reversible, the PRC could also significantly degrade an Indian retaliatory strike if China chooses to resort to First Use (FU) of nuclear weapons,  Indian strategic planners will have to think about the quantitative nuclear balance and India’s nuclear posture vis-à-vis China. Finally, India must pay close attention to the sub-surface leg of China’s nuclear arsenal. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, the Chinese have added two new Type 094 (Jin class) SSBNs/nuclear-powered ballistic-missile submarines to their existing fleet.  The maritime dimension of China’s nuclear capabilities might not be an immediate strategic challenge but will potentially become one in the coming years for New Delhi.  Connecting the dots: India-China relations, a year after Galwan India-China: Lessons from Ladakh Stand-off POLITY/ GOVERNANCE GS-2: Judiciary Judicial Transfers Context: The transfer of Chief Justice Sanjib Banerjee from the Madras High Court to the Meghalaya High Court has given rise to a controversy over the question whether judicial transfers are made only for administrative reasons or have any element of ‘punishment’ behind them.  In 2019, Justice Vijaya K. Tahilramani, another Chief Justice of the Madras High Court who was transferred to Meghalaya, chose to resign. What does the Constitution say on the transfer of judges? Article 222 of the Constitution provides for the transfer of High Court judges, including the Chief Justice. It says the President, after consultation with the Chief Justice of India, may transfer a judge from one High Court to any other High Court. It also provides for a compensatory allowance to the transferred judge.  This means that the executive could transfer a judge, but only after consulting the Chief Justice of India.  From time to time, there have been proposals that one-third of the composition of every High Court should have judges from other States. What is the Supreme Court’s view on the issue? In Union of India vs. Sankalchand Himatlal Sheth (1977), the Supreme Court rejected the idea that High Court judges can be transferred only with their consent.  It reasoned that the transfer of power can be exercised only in public interest;  secondly, the President is under an obligation to consult the Chief Justice of India, which meant that all relevant facts must be placed before the Chief Justice of India;  thirdly, that the Chief Justice of India had the right and duty to elicit and ascertain further facts from the judge concerned or others. In S.P. Gupta vs. President of India (1981), also known as the ‘Judges’ Transfer Case’ and, later, the First Judges Case, the Supreme Court once again had an opportunity to consider the issue.  Among other issues, it had to consider the validity of the transfer of two Chief Justices as well as a circular from the Law Minister proposing that additional judges in all High Courts may be asked for their consent to be appointed as permanent judges in any other High Court, and to name three preferences.  The Minister’s reasoning was that such transfers would promote national integration and help avoid parochial tendencies bred by caste, kinship and other local links and affiliations. The majority ruled that consultation with the Chief Justice did not mean ‘concurrence’ with respect to appointments.  In effect, it emphasised the primacy of the executive in the matter of appointments and transfers.  However, this position was overruled in the ‘Second Judges Case’ (1993). The opinion of the Chief Justice of India, formed after taking into the account the views of senior-most judges, was to have primacy. Since then, appointments are being made by the Collegium. What is the current procedure for transfers? As one of the points made by the ‘Second Judges Case’ was that the opinion of the Chief Justice of India ought to mean the views of a plurality of judges, the concept of a ‘Collegium of Judges’ came into being.  In the collegium era, the proposal for transferring a High Court judge, including a Chief Justice, should be initiated by the Chief Justice of India, “whose opinion in this regard is determinative”.  The consent of the judge is not required.  All transfers are to be made in public interest, i.e., for promoting better administration of justice throughout the country.  For transferring a judge other than the Chief Justice, the Chief Justice of India should take the views of the Chief Justice of the court concerned, as well as the Chief Justice of the court to which the transfer is taking place.  The Chief Justice of India should also take into account the views of one or more Supreme Court judges who are in a position to offer their views in the process of deciding whether a proposed transfer should take place. In the case of transfer of a Chief Justice, only the views of one or more knowledgeable Supreme Court judges need to be taken into account. The views should all be expressed in writing, and they should be considered by the Chief Justice of India and four senior-most judges of the Supreme Court, which means, the full Collegium of five.  The recommendation is sent to the Union Law Minister who should submit the relevant papers to the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister then advises the President on approving the transfer. What makes transfers controversial? Transfer orders become controversial when sections of the public feel that there is a punitive element behind the decision to move a judge from one High Court to another.  As a matter of practice, the Supreme Court and the government do not disclose the reason for a transfer. For, if the reason is because of some adverse opinion on a judge’s functioning, disclosure would impinge on the judge’s performance and independence in the court to which he is transferred.  On the other hand, the absence of a reason sometimes gives rise to speculation whether it was effected because of complaints against the judge, or if it was a sort of punishment for certain judgments that inconvenienced the executive. Connecting the dots: Indianisation of Judiciary Judiciary & AI  Women & Judiciary Language in Judiciary Judicial Administration Reform (Sansad TV: Perspective) Nov 20: Road to Safety - https://youtu.be/NRM7QOOHqIg  TOPIC: GS-2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation GS  3: Infrastructure - Roads Road to Safety Context: The third Sunday of November every year is observed as the World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims - to remember the millions of people who’ve been killed and seriously injured on the world’s roads…and to acknowledge the suffering of all affected victims, families and communities.  Globally, over 3500 people die every day on the roads, which amounts to nearly 1.3 million preventable deaths and an estimated 50 million injuries each year – making it the leading killer of children and young people worldwide.  An estimate suggests road accidents could cause around 13 million deaths and 500 million injuries during the next decade, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.  Global Efforts Recognizing the enormity of the problem and the need to act, the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution in September 2020, proclaiming the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2021-2030, with the ambitious target of preventing at least 50% of road traffic deaths and injuries by 2030.  This year marks the beginning of the Second Decade for Action for Road Safety.  The Global Plan on Improving Road Safety was launched by the United Nations last month, calling on countries to deliver on the resolution’s target by make roads safer in the coming years, saving lives, and preventing serious injuries.  India and Road safety It is a major concern for India - a side effect of urbanisation that has mainly 3 levels. Level 1: Infrastructure It’s not just a Government issue; it is a city planning issue around city design, planning, architecture etc. With advancement of technology, the most developed project undertaken along with real estate are the massive roads building projects. While new roads are being built, faster automobiles are being invented in high numbers making road safety a crucial problem. Number of cars over roads have increased over time. Most of the new constructions are around highways and flyovers. The most affected by these constructions are pedestrians and cyclists who face utmost problem while on roads. Hence, it’s not just a policy issue but also about city planning. When a road is planned, crossing, over-bridges, under-bridges has to be also thought about. Level 2: Dealing with road accident How quickly the person who has met with the road accident is responded to has to be improved. Citizen behaviour is important- how quickly bystanders reach out, how quickly an ambulance or police calls, how quickly ambulance reaches patient, it reaches hospital and how quickly the person gets critical care. Level 3: Behavioural attitude Are the traffic rules followed? Are seatbelts and helmets worn? Is quality of equipment, taking care of vehicle etc. maintained regularly? Drivers’ behaviour, especially of the two wheeler riders, is very rude. Not many are ready to accept the importance of helmet and also there is a need of making better quality of helmets. In many countries, there are designated lane driving for cycles, and two wheelers. In western countries, the pedestrian rights are respected where there is dedicated time and space allotted for them on roads. More and more people in India are using seatbelt because of the fear of traffic police. Penalties can get to change the people’s behaviour for some time, but for long term behaviour change, it has to come from inside. Wearing the seatbelt correctly reduces the risk of death and crash by 61%. Often the driver wears the seatbelt but not the co-passenger along with people in backseat. There needs behaviour change from both sides. Pedestrian should know when to cross the road and when not to. The driver should respect the pedestrian rights. The Way Forward Guidelines on good Samaritans: Lack of awareness about SC guidelines about ‘good Samaritan’ is visible. Though it says that the helper of victims of road accident will not be harassed by police, yet people are scared of getting involved in legal matter. It can only change when there is greater awareness. Awareness starts early, and the best medium is school and colleges. India’s legal system is more complicated. But the simple guidelines of SC hopes to encourage people to help victims of road accident. Golden hours of safety: The more critical kind of crashes, the first 48 hours are most critical. Governments have recognised and implemented policies. It doesn’t depend on person who is in crash or the driver because often the driver themselves are hurt. Here bystanders have to take action. Scheme 108 ambulance is very helpful in this area. However, there are enough services in cities but on highways and rural areas, these kinds of schemes need to play a major role. Stakeholder Engagement: Efforts from different stakeholders such as the community, transport sector, insurance sector, health sector, police, legal sector, educational institutions, highway engineers, vehicle manufacturers, public agencies, NGOs and etc. are needed. Here, India can learn from Sweden’s ‘Vision Zero’ approach which focuses on three things Safety comes first– human life and health above all other transportation challenges. Account for the human error– transportation systems, including roads and vehicles, need to be designed taking into account that people might make mistakes, so that when crashes occur owing to human error, it does not result in fatalities or serious injuries. We’re in it together– there is a joint responsibility for safety between the road user and road authorities. Conventional thinking is to attribute the cause of most road accidents to a single factor, and more often than not, to driver or pedestrian behaviour. Coordinated strategy– comprehensive and consolidated strategy to road safety that involves all authorities and agencies responsible for road transport systems. Thus, departments working in silos will have limited impact, as road safety is a multi-disciplinary problem. It requires unified strategic vision to be set that lays out the mechanisms for coordination between all stakeholders. Can you answer the following questions? How much attention will the Global Plan be able to attract to road safety worldwide? What kind of action is required to not just reduce road fatalities and accidents, but also increase awareness and sensitivity about road safety? What is the importance of road safety in the Indian economy and society? Discuss  (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1 World’s most sophisticated MRI facility was launched in which of the following states of India? Haryana Madhya Pradesh  Gujarat  Uttar Pradesh  Q.2 Indira Gandhi peace Prize 2021 was awarded to which of the following?  UNICEF Sir David Attenborough Manmohan Singh NGO Pratham  Q.3 Which of the following is not a part of G7 countries? Germany  Russia Italy Japan ANSWERS FOR 20th Nov 2021 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 B 2 A 3 A Must Read On Russia-Ukraine border conflict: The Hindu On making Ayurveda a real science: The Hindu On problems of bad loans: Indian Express

UPSC हिन्दी Quiz– 2021: IASbaba Daily Current Affairs Quiz 22nd November 2021

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE करेंट अफेयर्स के प्रश्न 'द हिंदू', 'इंडियन एक्सप्रेस' और 'पीआईबी' जैसे स्रोतों पर आधारित होते हैं, जो यूपीएससी प्रारंभिक परीक्षा के लिए बहुत महत्वपूर्ण स्रोत हैं। प्रश्न अवधारणाओं और तथ्यों दोनों पर केंद्रित हैं। दोहराव से बचने के लिए यहां कवर किए गए विषय आम तौर पर 'दैनिक करंट अफेयर्स / डेली न्यूज एनालिसिस (डीएनए) और डेली स्टेटिक क्विज' के तहत कवर किए जा रहे विषयों से भिन्न होते हैं। प्रश्न सोमवार से शनिवार तक दोपहर 2 बजे से पहले प्रकाशित किए जाएंगे। इस कार्य में आपको 10 मिनट से ज्यादा नहीं देना है। इस कार्य के लिए तैयार हो जाएं और इस पहल का इष्टतम तरीके से उपयोग करें। याद रखें कि, "साधारण अभ्यर्थी और चयनित होने वाले अभ्यर्थी के बीच का अंतर केवल दैनक अभ्यास है !!" Important Note: Comment अनुभाग में अपने अंक पोस्ट करना न भूलें। साथ ही, हमें बताएं कि क्या आपको आज का टेस्ट अच्छा लगा । 5 प्रश्नों को पूरा करने के बाद, अपना स्कोर, समय और उत्तर देखने के लिए ‘View Questions’ पर क्लिक करें। उत्तर देखने के लिए, इन निर्देशों का पालन करें: 1 - 'स्टार्ट टेस्ट/ Start Test' बटन पर क्लिक करें प्रश्न हल करें 'टेस्ट सारांश/Test Summary'बटन पर क्लिक करें 'फिनिश टेस्ट/Finish Test'बटन पर क्लिक करें अब ‘View Questions’बटन पर क्लिक करें - यहां आपको उत्तर और लिंक दिखाई देंगे। To take the Test - Click Here