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DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 23rd October 2021

Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Pinaka and Smerch rocket systems Part of: Prelims and GS III - Defence and Security  Context The Indian Army has deployed Pinaka and Smerch long-range, multi-barrel rocket launch systems as well as BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles in the Tawang sector of Arunachal Pradesh closer to the Line of Actual Control (LAC). Key takeaways  Smerch, procured from Russia, is the longest range conventional rocket system in the Army’s inventory with a maximum range of 90 km. Pinaka, indigenously designed and developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation, has a range of 38 km. About BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles Carried out by: Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) from Balasore in Odisha. BrahMos surface-to-surface supersonic cruise missile features indigenous Booster and Airframe Section along with many other ‘Made in India’ sub-systems. The BrahMos Land-Attack Cruise Missile was cruising at a top speed of Mach 2.8. Uyghur rights Part of: Prelims and GS-II - Human rights; International Relations  Context 43 countries have called on China to “ensure full respect for the rule of law” for the Muslim Uyghur community in Xinjiang, in a statement read at the United Nations. The declaration was signed by the USA and several European and Asian member states and others. They accused China of a list of human rights violations against the Uyghurs, including torture, forced sterilisation and forced disappearances. Who are Uyghur Muslims? Uyghurs, are a minority Turkic ethnic group originating from and culturally affiliated with the general region of Central and East Asia. The Uyghurs are recognized as native to the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People’s Republic of China. China rejects the idea of them being an indigenous group Since 2016, it is estimated that over a million Uyghurs have been detained in Xinjiang re-education camps.(UN) International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ), the main feature of the camps is to ensure adherence to Chinese Communist Party ideology. Global Food Security Index, 2021 Part of: Prelims and GS II - Policies and interventions   Context India is ranked at 71st position in the Global Food Security Index which was released recently. Top  ranking countries Ireland, Australia, the UK, Finland, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Canada, Japan, France and the US shared the top rank with the overall GFS score in the range of 77.8 and 80 points on the index. Bottom five countries are Malawi(109th), Sudan(110), Mozambique(111), Yemen(112) and Burundi(113). Performance of  India and its neighbours India held 71st position with an overall score of 57.2 points on the GFS Index. It fared better than Pakistan (75th), Sri Lanka (77th), Nepal (79th) and Bangladesh (84th).  But the country is way behind China (34th position). Pakistan (52.6 points) and Sri Lanka (62.9 points) scored better than India (50.2 points) in the category of food affordability. Over the past 10 years, India’s incremental gains in overall food security score were lagging behind that of Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh. About Global Food Security (GFS) Index The GFS Index was designed and constructed by London-based Economist Impact and is sponsored by Corteva Agriscience. It measures the underlying drivers of food security in 113 countries, based on the factors of affordability, availability, quality and safety, and natural resources and resilience. India Internet Governance Forum (IIGF) Part of: Prelims and GS-III - Information Technology  Context India Internet Governance Forum (IIGF) event will be conducted jointly by the Ministry of Electronics and IT, NIXI and Multistakeholder Group from 8th to 11th of November, 2021. Key takeaways  The theme of IIGF 2021 is ‘Empower India through Power of Internet’. The event will witness discussions on the road to Digitization in India. It is an initiative associated with the UN Internet Governance Forum (UN-IGF). It has been constituted in conformance to IGF-Paragraph 72 of the Tunis Agenda of the UN-based Internet Governance forum (IGF). It is a multi-stakeholder platform bringing representatives together from various groups to discuss public policy issues related to the Internet. Through an open and inclusive process, IIGF brings together all stakeholders in the Global Internet governance ecosystem, including government, industry, civil society, academia - as equal participants of the larger Internet Governance discourse. UN Fund for ‘People’s Economy’ in Afghanistan Part of: Prelims and GS-II - International Relations  Context The United Nations has set up a special trust fund to provide urgently-needed cash directly to Afghans through a system tapping into donor funds frozen since the Taliban takeover last August. Key takeaways  With the local economy “imploding”, the aim is to inject liquidity into Afghan households to permit them to survive this winter and remain in their homeland despite turmoil. Cash will be provided to Afghan workers in public works programmes, such as drought and flood control programmes, and grants given to micro-enterprises. Temporary basic income would be paid to the vulnerable elderly and disabled. Germany, a first contributor, had pledged €50 million ($58 million) to the fund. What is the Need of this Fund? The International Monetary Fund said that Afghanistan’s economy is set to contract up to 30% this year and this is likely to further fuel a refugee crisis that will affect its neighbouring countries, Turkey and Europe. The Islamists’ takeover saw billions in central bank assets frozen and international financial institutions suspended access to funds, although humanitarian aid has continued. Banks are running out of money, civil servants have not been paid and food prices have soared. The challenge is to repurpose donor funds already earmarked for Afghanistan. The UNDP had cost activities to be covered over the first 12 months at approximately $667 million. (News from PIB) PM MITRA Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS-II- Government Schemes; GS-III- Food Processing Context: The Ministry of Textiles has issued the Notification on 21 October 2021 for setting up of 7 PM MITRA  Parks as announced in Union Budget for 2021-22 and approved by the Central Government.  PM MITRA Parks is envisaged to help India in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 9 (“Build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization and foster innovation”). The scheme aims to position India strongly on the Global textiles map. PM MITRA is inspired by the 5F vision of Hon’ble Prime Minister. The '5F' Formula encompasses –  Farm to fibre;  fibre to factory;  factory to fashion;  fashion to foreign.  The scheme is to develop integrated large scale and modern industrial infrastructure facility for entire value-chain of the textile industry. It will reduce logistics costs and improve competitiveness of Indian Textiles.  The scheme will help India in attracting investments, boosting employment generation and position itself strongly in the global textile market.  These parks are envisaged to be located at sites which have inherent strength for Textile Industry to flourish and have necessary linkages to succeed. The 7 PM Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel (PM MITRA) Parks will be setup at Greenfield / Brownfield sites located in different willing States.  Proposals of State Governments having ready availability of contiguous and encumbrance-free land parcel of 1,000+ acres along with other textiles related facilities & ecosystem are welcome.   For a Greenfield PM MITRA park, the GOI Development Capital Support will be 30% of the Project Cost, with a cap of ₹500 Cr.  For Brownfield sites, after assessment, Development Capital Support @30% of project cost of balance infrastructure and other support facilities to be developed and restricted to a limit of Rs. 200 Crore. State Government supports will include provision of 1,000 Acre land for development of a world class industrial estate. Competitiveness Incentive Support (CIS) of ₹300 Crore will also be provided to each PM MITRA park for early establishment of textiles manufacturing units in PM MITRA Park.  PM MITRA park will be developed by a Special Purpose Vehicle which will be owned by State Government and Government of India in a Public Private Partnership (PPP) Mode.  The Master Developer will not only develop the Industrial Park but also maintain it during the concession period. Selection of this Master Developer will happen based on objective criteria developed jointly by State and Central Governments. SAKSHAM Centres Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS-II- Education Context: As part of Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav, a total of 152 Centre for Financial Literacy & Service Delivery (SAKSHAM Centres) across 77 districts of 13 states launched under Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) of the Ministry of Rural Development during 4-8th October, 2021. Centre for Financial Literacy & Service Delivery (CFL&SD) would act as one stop solution/single window system for basic financial needs of Self-Help Group (SHG) households in rural areas.  The main objective of the center is to provide financial literacy & facilitate delivery of financial services (savings, credit, insurance, pensions etc.) to SHG members and rural poor.   These Centers will be managed by SHG network, largely at the level of the Cluster Level Federations (CLFs), with the help of trained Community Resource Persons (CRPs). These trained CRPs are provided six days residential training at Rural Self Employment Training Institutes (RSETIs) established by the Lead Bank of the district.  All of these resources persons, popularly known as Financial Literacy Community Resource person (FL CRPs) also provided a training tool kit in vernacular languages. Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) has also developed a mobile & web-based application called “SAKSHAM”. This will be used by the community resource person of the Centre to know the penetration of various financial services for each SHG & village, identify major gaps and accordingly provide training and deliver the required financial services.  This application will also measure the impact of the programme on regular interval for mid-course correction in strategy, if any. International Solar Alliance Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS-III- Economy & Environment Context: The fourth general assembly of the International Solar Alliance (ISA), was held virtually between October 18th and October 21st, 2021.  A total of 108 countries participated in the Assembly, including 74 Member Countries and 34 Observer & Prospective Countries, 23 Partner Organizations and 33 Special Invitee Organisations also participated. Key Takeaways from the conference: Fourth Assembly of the International Solar Alliance closes with a promise to achieve $1 trillion global in solar investments by 2030,including a blended finance risk mitigation facility. ISA Assembly gives a green light to the “One Sun”political declaration for the launch of Green Grids Initiative-One Sun One World One Grid (GGI-OSOWOG) at COP26 ISA forges partnership with Bloomberg Philanthropies and Global Energy Alliance for People and Planet New ISA programmes launched on management of solar PV panels & battery usage, waste and solar hydrogen programme What is ISA? The International Solar Alliance (ISA) is an alliance of 121 countries initiated by India, most of them being sunshine countries, which lie either completely or partly between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. The primary objective of the alliance is to work for efficient consumption of solar energy to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. The alliance is a treaty-based inter-governmental organization. Countries that do not fall within the Tropics can join the alliance and enjoy all benefits as other members, with the exception of voting rights. The initiative was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the Paris Climate Summit, and a meeting of member countries ahead of the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris in November 2015. The framework agreement of the International Solar Alliance opened for signatures in Marrakech, Morocco in November 2016, and 200 countries have joined. The ISA is headquartered in Gurugram. The focus is on solar power utilization. The launching of such an alliance in Paris also sends a strong signal to the global communities about the sincerity of the developing nations towards their concern about climate change and to switch to a low-carbon growth path. (Mains  Focus) INTERNATIONAL GS-2: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and agreements involving India Need for an international development cooperation agency Context Enhancing the efficacy of India’s development cooperation endeavours has been a challenging issue for the past several decades. The country, therefore, needs to expedite work on a specialised agency for efficient delivery of outcomes. Development assistance and lack of institutional foundation In the last two years, India’s assistance to other developing countries has multiplied several times. India’s development cooperation has five modalities — capacity building, concessional finance, technology sharing, grant and trade wherein duty-free and quota-free access to the Indian market is provided. India’s helpful image yields goodwill globally, but quality project delivery is yet to become the country’s USP. On average, India provides development assistance of $6.48 billion and receives assistance of $6.09 billion annually from key partners . Under Indian Cooperation Mission (ICM) — India partners for development cooperation and does not give aid like OECD members. India has been supporting the developmental endeavours of several partner countries in Africa and Asia, even before Independence. However, this process lacks a firm institutional foundation. Efforts to form an institutional framework The first effort by India to shape a framework was in 2003 with the announcement of the India Development Initiative (IDI). Subsequently, the Indian Development and Economic Assistance Scheme (IDEAS) was launched in 2005 for managing credit lines. The IDI was suspended in 2007 and the setting up of the India International Development Cooperation Agency (IIDCA) never took off. Meanwhile, in 2018, China founded its international development cooperation agency. Changes in concessional financing At this point, concessional financing in India’s development cooperation portfolio is close to 70%. In 2015, the government made efforts to bring in operational changes in the way credit lines work.  Way forward Countries have sovereign and non-sovereign windows for promoting infrastructure financing abroad — both have their own place. A non-sovereign window would provide greater flexibility and bandwidth. To become a leading strategic investor in commercially viable and financially attractive public-private partnership infrastructure projects, the fund may build an investment ecosystem in Africa with support from leading Indian firms. The proposed new entity may also provide handholding to select performing Indian social enterprises to operate in other countries as well. Besides making an immediate economic impact, these enterprises can facilitate development partnerships between India and other countries. Conclusion It is high time India restructures its development finance apparatus for deeper and effective engagement and to address the rapidly evolving newer competitive development financing landscape. (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1 Pinaka and Smerch are associated with Which of the following? New Islands discovered off Maldives  Rocket launch systems  Biofuels Indigenous tribes  Q.2 Consider the following statements regarding Uyghurs:  Uyghurs are a predominantly Muslim minority Turkic ethnic group. China recognises the community only as a regional minority and an indigenous group. They are culturally and ethnically close to Central Asian nations  Which of the above statements is or are incorrect?  1 and 2 only  2 only  1, 2, and 3  Neither 1 nor 2  Q.3 Tunis Agenda is associated with Which of the following?  UN-based Internet Governance forum (IGF) Paris Climate 2015  Ramsar convention Conservation of Biological diversity ANSWERS FOR 22nd Oct 2021 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 C 2 D 3 B Must Read On faulty land-use pattern in Kerala: The Hindu On clean energy transition plan for India: The Hindu

Baba's Gurukul 2022

[UPDATE] BABA’S GURUKUL 2022 – FINAL RESULTS OUT!!

Dear Students, Over 1564 students had registered and around 1248 had taken the Entrance Test (Prelims+Mains) of Baba’s Gurukul on 16th October. Out of which, 320 Students were shortlisted for the next round, the Personality Test. Finally, 55 Students have been selected, after a rigorous process of screening on the lines of UPSC. Congratulations to all those who have been selected for Baba’s GURUKUL targeting UPSC 2022. Confirmation Mails have been sent to the Selected Students with details regarding Enrolment Process and Payment Link. We welcome you all, to an ecosystem that provides the students where they can grow organically through intensive tests and mentorship under Mohan Sir (Founder, IASbaba), which will help you sail through the examination. Here, instead of spoon-feeding, we believe in enabling the students to tackle all the challenges thrown at them by UPSC. To Know More About Baba’s Gurukul 2022 – CLICK HERE For any Queries: Email ID: support@iasbaba.com Contact No.:  9169191888 (10 AM – 6 PM) Please do not make calls before or after the given timing. THANK YOU IASbaba

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2021 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 23rd October 2021

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :) After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken, and solutions. To take the Test - Click Here

IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 2): UPSC Mains Answer Writing – General Studies Paper 1 Questions [23rd October, 2021] – Day 6

Archives Hello Students   TLP has been an integral ingredient of success for many toppers is no secret. In the ‘must do’ list for the civil services exam, TLP is by far the most popular initiative. The popularity stems from the unparalleled quality of questions and synopsis posted in TLP. We strive hard to ensure that you get the real feel of UPSC standard before you write the Mains.   You already know the features of TLP. Just to reiterate briefly, in the TLP initiative, we post 5 questions daily for a certain number of weeks (11 for this one). We follow a micro plan that is designed to give you daily targets. The questions are from the day’s syllabus and also from current affairs and you are expected to write the answers and post them on the portal.   This year onwards TLP will have a Dedicated Portal for Focused Preparation (tlpmains.iasbaba.com). There will be a separate dedicated portal similar to (RaRe Series) which students loved and appreciated. The Portal will help you stay focused and keep your preparation streamlined. The Registration link for the dedicated portal is given at the end of the post. We are charging a token amount of 10/- for registration to the dedicated portal. We are doing it because we want to create a community of sincere aspirants who are focused and motivated till the Mains Examination. Please don’t take it otherwise. It is our honest effort to give you the best and at the same time expect students to come with the same energy and dedication to the dedicated platform specially designed for YOU! Join our bandwagon, you won’t regret it. UPSC 2022 Aspirants are encouraged to participate as well. Register Here - CLICK HERE  To Know More About TLP 2022 (Phase 2) - CLICK HERE To Access Day 6 Questions - CLICK HERE P.S: The review from IASbaba will happen from the time the question is posted till 10 pm every day. We would also encourage peer reviews. So friends get actively involved and start reviewing each other’s answers. This will keep the entire community motivated. All the Best 

UPSC हिन्दी Quiz– 2021: IASbaba Daily Current Affairs Quiz 22nd October 2021

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE करेंट अफेयर्स के प्रश्न 'द हिंदू', 'इंडियन एक्सप्रेस' और 'पीआईबी' जैसे स्रोतों पर आधारित होते हैं, जो यूपीएससी प्रारंभिक परीक्षा के लिए बहुत महत्वपूर्ण स्रोत हैं। प्रश्न अवधारणाओं और तथ्यों दोनों पर केंद्रित हैं। दोहराव से बचने के लिए यहां कवर किए गए विषय आम तौर पर 'दैनिक करंट अफेयर्स / डेली न्यूज एनालिसिस (डीएनए) और डेली स्टेटिक क्विज' के तहत कवर किए जा रहे विषयों से भिन्न होते हैं। प्रश्न सोमवार से शनिवार तक दोपहर 2 बजे से पहले प्रकाशित किए जाएंगे। इस कार्य में आपको 10 मिनट से ज्यादा नहीं देना है। इस कार्य के लिए तैयार हो जाएं और इस पहल का इष्टतम तरीके से उपयोग करें। याद रखें कि, "साधारण अभ्यर्थी और चयनित होने वाले अभ्यर्थी के बीच का अंतर केवल दैनक अभ्यास है !!" Important Note: Comment अनुभाग में अपने अंक पोस्ट करना न भूलें। साथ ही, हमें बताएं कि क्या आपको आज का टेस्ट अच्छा लगा । 5 प्रश्नों को पूरा करने के बाद, अपना स्कोर, समय और उत्तर देखने के लिए ‘View Questions’ पर क्लिक करें। उत्तर देखने के लिए, इन निर्देशों का पालन करें: 1 - 'स्टार्ट टेस्ट/ Start Test' बटन पर क्लिक करें प्रश्न हल करें 'टेस्ट सारांश/Test Summary'बटन पर क्लिक करें 'फिनिश टेस्ट/Finish Test'बटन पर क्लिक करें अब ‘View Questions’बटन पर क्लिक करें - यहां आपको उत्तर और लिंक दिखाई देंगे। To take the Test - Click Here

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 22nd October 2021

Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) NGOs and their right to foreign funds Part of: Prelims and GS II - Polity, law, fundamental rights, NGOs  Context The Centre has told the Supreme Court that NGOs have no fundamental right to receive uncontrolled foreign contributions without regulations. The Centre said the amendments were meant to ensure that foreign funds were not used to impinge upon the functioning of parliamentary institutions, political associations and other organisations in India. It was responding to petitions challenging amendments made in the Foreign Contributions Regulations law in 2020.  The background  The petitions had argued that the amendments severely restricted the use of foreign funds by the NGOs for their activities.  They found it cumbersome that the new law expected 23,000 NGOs to open accounts in the main branch of the State Bank of India (SBI) in the capital to receive their foreign funds. What is Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act (FCRA)? Foreign funding of persons in India is regulated under FCRA Act and is implemented by the Ministry of Home Affairs. The Act ensures that the recipients of foreign contributions adhere to the stated purpose for which such contribution has been obtained. Registered NGOs can receive foreign contributions for five purposes — social, educational, religious, economic and cultural. Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Amendment Act, 2020 Prohibition to accept foreign contribution: The Act bars public servants from receiving foreign contributions. Transfer of foreign contribution: The Act prohibits the transfer of foreign contribution to any other person not registered to accept foreign contributions. Aadhaar for registration: The Act makes Aadhaar number mandatory for all office bearers, directors or key functionaries of a person receiving foreign contribution, as an identification document. FCRA account: Foreign contribution must be received only in an account designated by the bank as FCRA account in such branches of the State Bank of India, New Delhi. Reduction in use of foreign contribution for administrative purposes: Not more than 20% of the total foreign funds received could be defrayed for administrative expenses. In FCRA 2010 the limit was 50%. Surrender of certificate: The Act allows the central government to permit a person to surrender their registration certificate. Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee Part of: Prelims and GS-III - Economy; Biotechnology Context The Central government is yet to decide on a research proposal from Scientists at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) which would allow plants to be genetically modified without the need for conventional transgenic technology. The better quality rice variety  Scientists at the IARI are in the process of developing resilient and high-yield rice varieties using gene editing techniques, which have already been approved by many countries. They hope to have such rice varieties in the hands of the Indian farmers by 2024.  This technique is equivalent to conventional breeding methods, since it does not involve inserting any foreign DNA. The proposal, however, has been pending with the Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee for almost two years. Benefits:  They aim to bring precision and efficiency into the breeding process using gene editing tools such as CRISPR. It is much faster and far more precise than natural mutation or conventional breeding methods which involve trial and error and multiple breeding cycles. What is Genetic engineering appraisal committee? Regulatory Framework for approval of GM crops is covered under  the Environment protection Act 1986   Genetic engineering appraisal committee under Ministry of Environment, forest and climate change is Apex body that allows for commercial release of GM crops in India  Cartagena protocol on biosafety provides well-defined mechanism of regulation of GM crops including biosafety evaluation and environmental release. Do you know? The IARI has previously worked on golden rice, a traditional GM variety which inserted genes from other organisms into the rice plant, but ended trials over five years ago due to agronomic issues. India crosses 100 crore COVID-19 vaccine doses Part of: Prelims and GS II - Health  Context India completed 100 crore doses of COVID-19 vaccines on Thursday, in about nine months since the drive began. It has fully vaccinated about 30% (291 million) of the eligible population and 707 million have had the first dose. India aims to fully vaccinate about a billion people by the end of 2021 but experts say the drive needs to pick up pace further to meet the target. This milestone makes India the second country to reach the one billion mark - China crossed it in June.problems. Initial challenges to the vaccination drive in india  Logistical problems supply bottlenecks vaccine hesitancy  a devastating second wave of Covid-19  Which vaccines is India using? India is using three vaccines - the Oxford-AstraZeneca jab, known locally as Covishield; Covaxin by Indian firm Bharat Biotech; and Russian-made Sputnik V. India has also approved its first vaccine for those under 18. The three-dose ZyCoV-D vaccine is the world's first DNA vaccine against Covid-19. It is expected to roll out in few weeks. ZyCov-D has been developed with the support of Department of Biotechnology and the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). The government has also authorised Indian pharma company Cipla to import Moderna's vaccine, which has shown nearly 95% efficacy against Covid-19. But it's not clear yet how many doses will be made available to India. Several more vaccines are in various stages of approval. 100 monuments illuminated The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) also illuminated 100 monuments in the tricolour to celebrate the milestone of 100 crore COVID-19 vaccine doses. These monuments include: Delhi: Red Fort, Humayun’s Tomb and Qutub Minar  Uttar Pradesh: Agra Fort and Fatehpur Sikri  Tamil Nadu: Konark Temple in Odisha and Mamallapuram Rath temples  Pakistan retained on FATF’s ‘greylist’ again Part of: Prelims and GS-II - International Relations   Context  The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) on Thursday retained Pakistan in the ‘greylist’ yet again. FATF observed that Pakistan needed to further demonstrate that investigations and prosecutions were being pursued against the senior leadership of UN-designated terror groups, which include the Lashkar-e-Taiba, Jaish-e-Mohammed, al-Qaeda and the Taliban. What is Financial Action Task Force (FATF)? The FATF is an inter-governmental body set up in 1989.  Objective: To combat money laundering, terror financing and other related threats to the international financial system. Currently, it has 39 members. Pakistan has been on the grey list since June 2018. Web Based Project Monitoring Portal (WBPMP) of MES Part of: Prelims and GS-II - Governance Context Recently, the Defence Minister launched the Web Based Project Monitoring Portal (WBPMP) for Military Engineer Services (MES).  About the portal The portal was conceptualized in accordance with the Digital India Mission of the Union Government. It has been developed by Bhaskaracharya National Institute for Space Applications and Geo-informatics (BISAG-G). The newly launched unified portal is the first project management e-Governance to be implemented by the MES.  It will enable real time monitoring of projects from its inception to completion.  All stakeholders not only from MES but also Armed Forces users can gain access to the project information.  Mastitis disease Part of: Prelims and GS-III - Agriculture  Context Utilising indigenous knowledge systems shared by a farmer from Gujarat, a poly-herbal and cost-effective medicine has been developed to treat Mastitis disease. Mastirak Gel National Innovation Foundation (NIF) has identified unique herbal composition shared by a farmer from Gujarat for control of mastitis among farm animals.  A gel preparation has been developed for topical application over the affected udder surface, and a patent has been filed for this composition  It was found that the medication improve the udder health.  It reduced inflammation which is detrimental to the udder. Dairy owners in eight states of the country — Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Chhattisgarh - have benefited by adopting Masirak-anti mastitis herbal medication.  It has reduced the use of antibiotics and helped in the cost-effective management of the disease. About Mastitis disease It is an infectious disease of dairy cattle. Bovine mastitis is a condition typified by the persistent and inflammatory reaction of the udder tissue due to either physical trauma or infections caused by microorganisms.  The most obvious symptoms of clinical mastitis are abnormalities in: The udder such as swelling, heat, hardness, redness, or pain. The milk has a watery appearance, flakes, clots, or pus. (News from PIB) India achieves the major milestone of ‘one billion’ vaccinations Recovery Rate currently at 98.15%; Highest since March 2020 18,454 new cases reported in the last 24 hours India's active caseload stands at 1,78,831 Weekly positivity rate (1.34%) less than 3% for last 118 days News Source: PIB Model Code of Conduct (MCC) Part of: Prelims and Mains GS-II- Governance, Elections  In News: In case the constituency is comprised in State Capital/Metropolitan Cities/Municipal Corporations, then MCC instructions would be applicable in the area of concerned Constituency only. Model Code of Conduct (MCC) A set of guidelines issued by the Election Commission of India for conduct of political parties and candidates during elections mainly with respect to speeches, polling day, polling booths, portfolios, election manifestos, processions and general conduct. This is in keeping with Article 324 of the Constitution, which gives the Election Commission the power to supervise elections to the Parliament and state legislatures. Philosophy: Parties and candidates should show respect for their opponents, criticise their policies and programmes constructively, and not resort to mudslinging and personal attacks. The MCC is intended to help the poll campaign maintain high standards of public morality and provide a level playing field for all parties and candidates. Comes into force immediately on announcement of the election schedule by the commission for the need of ensuring free and fair elections. At the time of the Lok Sabha elections, both the Union and state governments are covered under the MCC. The MCC is not enforceable by law.  News Source: PIB Atal Innovation Mission Digi-Book Innovations for You  Part of: Prelims In News: NITI Aayog’s Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) has launched – “Innovations for You” an attempt to showcase the success stories of Atal Innovation Mission’s Startups in different domains. These startups have worked to create new, disruptive and innovative products, services, and solutions that can pave a path for a sustainable future.  The first edition of this book is focused on innovations in Health Care - are leveraging frontier technologies such as AI, IoT, ICT and others to provide socially relevant solutions to problems likeAnemia, Malaria, dental care, mental health, neonatal and child care and monitoring human vitals, among others. News Source: PIB (Mains Focus) ENVIRONMENT/ INTERNATIONAL GS-3: Science and Technology  India’s race to secure Lithium Context: First traces of Lithium in India were discovered in Karnataka’s Mandya district recently.  The discovery is being given importance at the highest levels of government. This also shows the amount of effort and investment that lithium is likely to garner in the years ahead. Why is Lithium so significant for India? Climate change mitigation: Technologies such as lithium-ion batteries are slated to play a key role in India’s plan to reduce its carbon footprint by 33-35% from its 2005 levels by 2030. Energy Transition: The transition from an internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle to an electric vehicle involves the battery, which accounts for at least 30% of the vehicle’s cost.  Electric mobility: By 2030, nearly three-fourth of Indian two-wheelers and all new cars are expected to be EVs and a bulk of them will be powered by lithium-based (battery packs) in the near term. Energy security: According to the Central Electricity Authority, the country will need 27 GW of grid-scale battery energy storage systems by 2030. This will require massive amounts of lithium. What are the issues and challenges faced by India with respect  to Lithium? Negligible lithium resource base In India: Chile, Australia, Argentina, Bolivia and China have almost all the lithium reserves which have been explored so far globally.  India’s high import dependence: Almost all EVs in the country run on imported batteries, mostly from China. Between 2016 and 2019, the amount of foreign exchange spent on importing lithium batteries tripled, according to the Union science and technology ministry.  Geo-political rivalry with China: China is known to house large lithium reserves and has also secured many lithium mines across multiple countries in order to ensure steady sources of supply for both lithium and cobalt. Hence, India’s quest for energy security could be easily derailed by a hostile neighbour. What steps have been taken by govt to secure Lithium? India had recently unveiled its strategy for developing a battery storage ecosystem. It involves setting up at least 50-gigawatt hour manufacturing capacity for advanced chemistry cell batteries. ₹18,100-crore Production-linked incentive (PLI) scheme to manufacture lithium-ion cells within the country has been introduced. With the government’s PLI scheme, demand for lithium is bound to increase and it opens new opportunities for domestic exploration. Government formed Khanij Bidesh India Ltd (KABIL)— a joint venture comprising National Aluminium Co. Ltd, Hindustan Copper Ltd and Mineral Exploration Co. Ltd. it is looking to acquire cobalt and lithium mines overseas. KABIL is also exploring the direct purchase of cobalt and lithium. The government is also trying to secure government-to-government (G2G) deals. For instance, India’s bilateral agreement with Argentina for securing strategic minerals.  Lithium exploration: The Geological Survey of India has taken up seven other lithium exploration projects in Arunachal Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Jammu and Kashmir and Rajasthan. Role of the private sector: Several automobile majors are planning to jointly develop a manufacturing facility in Gujarat, which could eventually morph into a global export hub for lithium-ion cells. India is working on the world’s largest grid-scale battery storage programme, which includes a 13 gigawatt-hour (GWh) facility in Ladakh and a 14 GWh system in Kutch.  Way forward  Concentrate on other advanced battery technologies: As China dominates the space of lithium-ion cell manufacturing, India has to take alternative steps to avoid a repeat of how things played out with solar equipment manufacturing.  A section of experts and policymakers believe that one way to avoid a lithium conundrum and a possible Chinese trap is to concentrate on other advanced battery technologies. Aluminium-based battery technology: Aluminium-based battery technology holds great promise. India has huge bauxite reserves, which gives it access to aluminium at a cheap price. This technology, as and when it matures commercially, will insulate India from dependence on global import. Early adoption of other battery technologies: Further, India should strive to be an early adopter of other battery technologies such as hydrogen fuel cells and solid-state batteries as well.  Solid-state batteries are being explored using metals such as aluminium. India holds an upper hand with respect to the availability of different materials. Thus, the country may witness faster adoption of these alternate technologies as compared to lithium. India should also try to intensify exploration within as well and exploit the opportunity to repurpose and recycle used lithium-ion batteries. (All India Radio – Spotlight) Oct 18: Global Solar Grid - https://youtu.be/25xFKFJH4GE  TOPIC: GS-II – Global Groupings GS-III – Energy The Fourth Assembly of the ISA will deliberate on The key initiatives around the operationalisation of the OSOWOG initiative The $1 trillion Solar Investment Roadmap for 2030 Approval of a Blended Financial Risk Mitigation Facility Discuss the strategic plan of the ISA for the next five years encompassing a Country Partnership Framework, Strategy for Private Sector Engagement Discuss initiatives such as Viability Gap Financing scheme to facilitate affordable finance for solar energy projects across ISA’s membership.  Discuss the partnership with Global Energy Alliance (GEA) to scale up technical and financial support to LDCs and SIDS. ‘One Sun One World One Grid’ (OSOWOG) initiative  Proposed by India to set up a framework for facilitating global cooperation which aims at building a global ecosystem of interconnected renewable energy resources that can be easily shared Envisions building and scaling inter-regional energy grids to share solar energy across the globe, leveraging the differences of time zones, seasons, resources, and prices between countries and regions Help decarbonise energy production, which is today the largest source of global greenhouse gas emissions.  With India’s Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, the World Bank and the ISA signing a tripartite agreement on OSOWOG, the initiative could be the world’s most important renewables catalyst. It can unlock unprecedented economies of scale in energy generation and transmission.  Rigorous assessments and modelling have confirmed the initiative’s technical and economic viability, building a strong business case.  Its commercial feasibility has been further augmented by multilateral development banks such as World Bank, which are helping create markets by driving down costs of solar power. Phase I: The first phase deals with the Middle East—South Asia—-South East Asia (MESASEA) interconnection for sharing green energy sources such as solar for meeting electricity needs including peak demand. Fostering cross-border energy trade is an important part of Modi’s South Asia-focused neighbourhood-first policy.  India has been supplying power to Bangladesh and Nepal and has been championing a South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (Saarc) electricity grid minus Pakistan to meet electricity demand in the region. The initial plans also involve setting up an under-sea link to connect with Oman in the West. Phase II: MESASEA grid getting interconnected with the African power pools Phase III: Global interconnection Benefits Creation of regional and international interconnected green grids can enable sharing of renewable energy across international borders and also balancing. Such grids should work in tandem with the existing grids and will not require parallel grid infrastructure, thus requiring only incremental investment. An interconnected grid would help all the participating entities in attracting investments in renewable energy sources as well as utilizing skills, technology and finances.  Resulting economic benefits would positively impact poverty alleviation and support in mitigating water, sanitation, food and other socioeconomic challenges. The proposed integration would lead to reduced project costs, higher efficiencies and increased asset utilization for all the participating entities International Solar Alliance First international treaty-based organisation that enables co-operation among sun-rich countries lying fully or partially between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, as this is the region worldwide with a surplus of bright sunlight for most of the year, who are seeking to ramp up solar energy, thereby helping to bend the global greenhouse emissions curve whilst providing clean and cheap energy. Jointly announced by PM of India and President of France following the Paris Declaration at the UN Climate Change Conference on November 30, 2015. Vision: Promotion of solar energy for making solar energy a valuable source of affordable and reliable green and clean energy in member countries ISA Headquarter and interim Secretariat: Gurugram, India Goals and Focus Areas: The ISA has set a target of 1 TW of solar energy by 2030, which would require $1 trillion to achieve. India has set an ambitious target of 175 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2022, which includes 100 GW of solar and 60 GW of wind energy. The key focus areas of the alliance are Promoting solar technologies, new business models and investment in the solar sector, Formulate projects and programmes to promote solar applications Develop innovative financial mechanisms to reduce cost of capital build A common knowledge e-Portal to facilitate capacity building for promotion and absorption of solar technologies R&D among member countries ISA presents numerous opportunities to India like: 1) Energy security: It reduces our dependence on fossil fuels, especially imports. It also helps provide electricity to remotest parts of the country and thereby helps in improving standard of living of the inhabitants of these areas. 2) Environmental security: It reduces pollution due to burning of fossil fuels and therefore decreases both health and ecological costs. 3) Economic opportunities: India can transform itself as a Global Manufacturing hub of photo voltaic cells. Apart from earning valuable FOREX through exports, it can also boost employment and livelihood opportunities in India. Therefore, helping us to harness our valuable demographic dividend. 4) Diplomatic opportunities: It helps in solidifying India’s position as a global leader in renewable energy production; it furthers global North-South and South-South cooperation (like training SOLAR MAMAS of Nigeria) and portrays India as a climate sensitive nation. Can you answer the following question? The International solar alliance presents multiple opportunities for India. Analyse. With favourable tropical geography, huge domestic demand, and high export potential, India can be a world leader in the field of tapping and utilising solar energy. Do you agree? What are the challenges? Discuss. (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1 Foreign funding of persons in India is regulated by Which of the following Ministries? Ministry of Finance  Ministry of External affairs  Ministry of Home Affairs None of the above  Q.2 The world's first DNA vaccine against Covid-19 is developed by? USA China  Italy India Q.3 Mastitis disease affects Which of the following?  Poultry  Dairy cattle Bengal Tiger Great Indian Bustard ANSWERS FOR 21st Oct 2021 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 C 2 A 3 D Must Read India and China : The Hindu On Poor conditions of Police personnel: The Hindu

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2021 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 22nd October 2021

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :) After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken, and solutions. To take the Test - Click Here

IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 2): UPSC Mains Answer Writing – General Studies Paper 1 Questions [22nd October, 2021] – Day 5

Archives Hello Students   TLP has been an integral ingredient of success for many toppers is no secret. In the ‘must do’ list for the civil services exam, TLP is by far the most popular initiative. The popularity stems from the unparalleled quality of questions and synopsis posted in TLP. We strive hard to ensure that you get the real feel of UPSC standard before you write the Mains.   You already know the features of TLP. Just to reiterate briefly, in the TLP initiative, we post 5 questions daily for a certain number of weeks (11 for this one). We follow a micro plan that is designed to give you daily targets. The questions are from the day’s syllabus and also from current affairs and you are expected to write the answers and post them on the portal.   This year onwards TLP will have a Dedicated Portal for Focused Preparation (tlpmains.iasbaba.com). There will be a separate dedicated portal similar to (RaRe Series) which students loved and appreciated. The Portal will help you stay focused and keep your preparation streamlined. The Registration link for the dedicated portal is given at the end of the post. We are charging a token amount of 10/- for registration to the dedicated portal. We are doing it because we want to create a community of sincere aspirants who are focused and motivated till the Mains Examination. Please don’t take it otherwise. It is our honest effort to give you the best and at the same time expect students to come with the same energy and dedication to the dedicated platform specially designed for YOU! Join our bandwagon, you won’t regret it. UPSC 2022 Aspirants are encouraged to participate as well. Register Here - CLICK HERE  To Know More About TLP 2022 (Phase 2) - CLICK HERE To Access Day 5 Questions - CLICK HERE P.S: The review from IASbaba will happen from the time the question is posted till 10 pm every day. We would also encourage peer reviews. So friends get actively involved and start reviewing each other’s answers. This will keep the entire community motivated. All the Best 

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 21st October 2021

Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Global Threat Assessment report 2021 Part of: Prelims and GS I - Social issues Context The Global Threat Assessment report 2021 was recently launched by We Protect Global Alliance.  We Protect Global Alliance is a global movement of more than 200 governments, private sector companies and civil society organisations working together to transform the global response to child sexual exploitation and abuse online. Key findings underfunded: Child sexual abuse remains a chronically underfunded issue.  COVID-19 impact: COVID-19 had contributed to a significant spike in child sexual exploitation and abuse online. Highest reporting: In the past two years, the reporting of child sexual exploitation and online abuse has reached its highest level. Self-generated abuse:  The Internet Watch Foundation observed a 77% increase in child ‘self-generated’ (arising without apparent external cause) sexual material from 2019 to 2020. Tools to detect: Only 37% currently use tools to detect online grooming. Online grooming is where someone befriends a child online and builds up their trust with the intention of exploiting them and causing them harm.  Suggestions: Prioritise prevention activities against abuse, Creating safe online environments for children  Stakeholders who have a role to protect children must work together to improve the response.  India more vulnerable to heat extremes: Lancet report Part of: Prelims and GS-III - Environment; Climate change  Context The Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change’ was recently launched.  It is a flagship report of the medical journal The Lancet.  It provides periodic updates on the scientific literature on the relationship between climate change and public health. The Lancet Countdown’s sixth annual report tracks 44 indicators of health impacts that are directly linked to climate change.  It shows key trends are getting worse and exacerbating already existing health and social inequities. What are its key findings?  India's vulnerability: India has become 15% more vulnerable to extremes of heat than in 1990.  Senior citizens: Chinese, Indian, American, Japanese and Indonesian senior citizens were the most affected. Loss of Work hours: 295 billion hours of potential work were lost across the globe in 2020 due to heat exposure.  Most affected developing countries: Pakistan, Bangladesh and India had the greatest losses of the working hours in their group.  These are the most populous countries in the medium-HDI (Human Development Index) group.  Heat-related mortality: Between 2018 and 2019, India and Brazil had the biggest absolute increase in heat-related mortality. Economic loss: The economic losses of climate-related extreme events were three times higher in medium-HDI countries than they are in very high HDI countries.  South-East Asia was the only region with increasing air pollution mortality costs between 2015 and 2019, relative to GDP Increase in wildfires: Populations of 134 countries have experienced an increase in exposure to wildfires.  Widespread drought: Drought is more widespread than ever before. Black Sea security ties Part of: Prelims and GS II - International Relations  Context U.S. Defence Secretary urged more defence cooperation among Black Sea allies ahead of a NATO Ministers summit. The region is vulnerable to Russian aggression. Thus, the action was needed by littoral states of the Black Sea amid Russia “militarisation” of the region.  About the Black Sea The Black Sea, also known as the Euxine Sea, is one of the major water bodies and a famous inland sea of the world. It is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, located between Eastern Europe and Western Asia. The Black Sea is also connected to the Sea of Azov by the Strait of Kerch. The bordering countries of Black Sea are: Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Turkey, Bulgaria and Romania.  About North Atlantic Treaty Organization North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is a military alliance established by the North Atlantic Treaty (also called the Washington Treaty) of April 4, 1949.  Established by: United States, Canada, and several Western European nations to provide collective security against the Soviet Union. Article 5: It states that if one member of the alliance is attacked in Europe or North America, it is to be considered an attack on all members. That effectively put Western Europe under the "nuclear umbrella" of the US. As of 2019, there are 29 member states, with Montenegro becoming the latest member to join the alliance in 2017. High oil prices Part of: Prelims and GS-III - Economy  Context  India has warned that high oil prices will undermine global economic recovery.  It has pushed Saudi Arabia and other OPEC nations to work towards affordable and reliable supplies. Petrol and diesel prices have hit record highs across India after continuous price increases since May. Background  Global oil prices crashed to $19 per barrel in April 2020 as demand reduced with most nations imposing lockdowns to control the spread of the novel coronavirus. Demand recovered this year as vaccination against the infection revived economies worldwide. International benchmark Brent crude has since rallied to $84 per barrel. This had made fuel expensive and was instilling fears of inflation. While the world had begun the transition towards cleaner fuels such as electric-powered vehicles and hydrogen, most nations were still dependent on oil to fuel their economies. And high oil prices would hurt the recovery in demand. India and the oil  India’s oil import bill had climbed from $8.8 billion in June 2020 quarter to $24 billion this year because of a spike in global oil prices.  India imports almost two-thirds of its oil needs from West Asia.  India is 85% dependent on imports to meet its oil needs.  It is the world’s third-largest energy consumer. About Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) The OPEC is a permanent, intergovernmental organization, It was created at the Baghdad Conference in 1960, by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela. Aim: It aims to manage the supply of oil in an effort to set the price of oil in the world market, in order to avoid fluctuations that might affect the economies of both producing and purchasing countries. It is headquartered in Vienna, Austria. OPEC membership is open to any country that is a substantial exporter of oil and which shares the ideals of the organization. 14 Member Countries: Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates(UAE), Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Libya, Nigeria, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Republic of Congo, Angola, Ecuador and Venezuela. (News from PIB) Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package Part of: Prelims and Mains GS-II- Governance In News: Insurance scheme for health workers fighting COVID-19 extended for a further period of 180 days as the Covid-19 pandemic has still not abated and deaths of health workers deployed for COVID related duties are still being reported from different States/UTs Aim: To provide comprehensive personal accident cover of Rs. 50 Lakh to 22.12 lakh health care providers including community health workers and private health workers who may have been in direct contact and care of COVID-19 patients and may be at risk of being impacted by this. News Source: PIB Mastitis, an ailment of dairy cattle Part of: Prelims In News: Utilising indigenous knowledge system shared by a farmer from Gujarat, a poly-herbal and cost-effective medicine has been developed to treat Mastitis, an infectious disease of dairy cattle. Mastitis is a common infectious disease, which affects farm productivity due to fall in milk quality, thus impacting income-generating activities.  Treatment of infected animals with antibiotics poses a public health hazard.  This medicine has reduced the use of antibiotics and helped in the cost-effective management of the disease. News Source: PIB (Mains Focus) ENVIRONMENT/ INTERNATIONAL GS-2: International Institutions & Organisations GS-3: Environmental Conservation  Carbon Markets Conundrum at COP26 Context: The success of COP26 at Glasgow, that will take place from 31 October to 12 November 2021, depends to a great extent on the conclusion of carbon markets discussions Article 6 of the Paris Agreement introduces provisions for using international carbon markets to facilitate fulfilment of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) by countries.  Why Carbon Markets in significant for India?  Developing countries, particularly India, China and Brazil, gained significantly from the carbon market under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol.  India registered 1,703 projects under the CDM which is the second highest in the world. Total carbon credits known as Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) issued for these projects are around 255 million amounting to U.S.$2.55 billion. Therefore, logically, India has a lot to gain from a thriving carbon market. However, with the ratification of the Paris Agreement, the rules of the game have changed. Unlike the Kyoto Protocol, now even developing countries are required to have mitigation targets.  Developing countries are faced with a dilemma of either selling their carbon credits in return for lucrative foreign investment flows or use these credits to achieve their own mitigation targets.  This has made Article 6 a highly sensitive issue that requires careful balancing of interests and expectations. While over 50% of the countries have communicated their intention of using market mechanisms to achieve NDC targets, India is not one of them as it aims to rely on domestic mitigation efforts to meet its NDC goals.  It is the developed countries that would rely more on market mechanisms for achieving their climate targets as they would be comparatively low-cost options. What are the critical issues with Article 6 of Paris Agreement? The three critical issues that would be hotly debated in Article 6 negotiating rooms are Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Transition, Accounting rules and Share of Proceeds to the Adaptation Fund. Let us examine them one by one. CDM transition:  The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects have gone through due diligence and credits have been issued under UNFCCC oversight. Therefore, the Article 6 mechanism should honour the previous decisions  However, some countries have cast doubts on the environmental integrity of these credits and while there is greater acceptance for transition of projects/activities, the same is not the case for transition of credits.  If the decision regarding transition of CDM is not favourable, it could lead to a loss of billions of dollars worth of potential revenue to India alone. This can result in the formation of the new supervisory body under the Paris Agreement that can re-examine the validity and rigour of such credits. Accounting rules:  Article 6.4 mechanism is meant to incentivise the private sector and public entities to undertake mitigation activities for sustainable development.  Under this mechanism, a country can purchase emission reductions from public and private entities of the host country and use it to meet its NDC targets.  However, this does not automatically imply that emission reductions transferred from a host country be adjusted against its NDC targets.  It must be appreciated that these reductions represent additional efforts of the private sector or public entities to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, and in fact raise global climate ambition.  This is also in line with the provision of Article 6.5 of the Paris Agreement wherein the host country is not required to undertake corresponding adjustment for the projects outside its NDC. Therefore, such efforts will be additional to what have been committed in the NDC.  Robust accounting will ensure that there will be no double-counting of emission reductions. Share of Proceeds (SOP) to the Adaptation Fund: For developing countries, adaptation is a necessity.  However, it remains severely underfunded compared to financing for mitigation activities.  While developing countries emphasise that the SOP must be uniformly applied to Articles 6.2 and 6.4 to fund adaptation, developed countries want to restrict its application to Article 6.4.  This would disincentivise the Article 6.4 mechanism and limit voluntary cooperation to the cooperative approaches under Article 6.2 favoured by developed countries. Conclusion In a way, carbon markets allow developed countries to keep emitting greenhouse gases while developing countries benefit from the revenue generated from the sale of their carbon credits.  Central to the discussions on Article 6 is equitable sharing of carbon and developmental space. Climate justice demands that developing countries get access to their fair share of global carbon space.  As developing countries are nudged to take greater mitigation responsibilities, a facilitative carbon market mechanism that respects the principles enshrined in UNFCCC would greatly help accelerate their transition to low carbon development pathway. Connecting the dots: Paris Climate Accord  India’s Opposition to Net Zero China’s Climate Commitments INTERNATIONAL/ ECONOMY GS-2: Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate.  IMF and World Economic Outlook  Context: Recently, IMF unveiled its 2nd World Economic Outlook (WEO). The IMO comes out with the report twice every year — April and October — and also provides regular “updates” to it on other occasions. Main takeaways from the report The central message was that the global economic recovery momentum had weakened due to pandemic induced disruptions. However, it is the increasing inequality among nations that IMF was most concerned about. Aggregate output for the advanced economy group is expected to regain its pre-pandemic level in 2022 while that of developing economy group (excluding China) is expected to remain 5.5 per cent below the pre-pandemic forecast in 2024. There are two key reasons for the economic divergences: large disparities in vaccine access, and differences in policy support. The report also points out that the employment growth likely to lag the output recovery. Employment around the world remains below its pre-pandemic levels, due to negative output gaps, worker fears of infection, automation in some sectors, unemployment benefits helping to cushion income losses. India As far as GDP is concerned, India’s growth rate hasn’t been revised downwards. However, the IMF has projected on employment — that the recovery in unemployment is lagging the recovery in output (or GDP) Lack of adequate employment levels would drag down overall demand and thus stifle India’s growth momentum. Also, India is witnessing a K-shaped recovery. That means different sectors are recovering at significantly different rates. Some sectors such as the IT-services sectors have been practically unaffected by Covid, while e-commerce industry is doing “brilliantly”. Also, the informal economy is struggling to recover at the same pace as some of the more visible sectors. Do You Know? According to the data available with the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE), the total number of employed people in the Indian economy as of May-August 2021 was 394 million — 11 million below the level set in May-August 2019.  In May-August 2016 the number of employed people was 408 million. In other words, India was already facing a deep employment crisis before the Covid crisis, and it became much worse after it. Connecting the dots: World Bank Stops Ease of doing business World Competitiveness report  (All India Radio – Spotlight) Oct 20 Oct: Buddhist Circuits - https://youtu.be/00f6ahl1hxM TOPIC: GS-I: Ancient History; Indian Heritage Sites The Buddhist Circuit: To facilitate travel and pilgrimage experience for the approximately 500 million-strong community of Buddhists that lives across Asia and other parts of the world. Ministry of Tourism has identified the Buddhist Circuit as one of the thematic circuits for development under its Swadesh Darshan Scheme. Five projects, with a combined outlay of more than 350 crore rupees, have been sanctioned for the states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. Ministry of Tourism  CNBs Signage has been installed in Chinese language at 5 below monuments in Uttar Pradesh: Site and Stupa and monastery of the Sakyas Piprahwa- Lucknow Circle Sravasti – Lucknow Circle Ancient Buddhist site of Sarnath- Sarnath Circle Chaukhandi Stupa – Sarnath Circle Buddhist relics and Mahaparinirvana temple located at Kushinagar- Sarnath Circle. The CNBs signage in Sinhali language at Sanchi monuments in Madhya Pradesh has also been installed. Some important places –  Sarnath– The Deer Park adjoining the Archaeological Complex at Sarnath that the Buddha is believed to have delivered his first sermon after he attained enlightenment under a Bodhi tree in Bodh Gaya.  The reason for choosing Sarnath was that the five men who had accompanied Buddha on his journey of asceticism, and later abandoned him had settled in Sarnath.  So when Buddha attained enlightenment, he felt that they should be the first one to know what he learned.  So he proceeded to Sarnath and preached his first teachings known as Dharmachakrapravartana Sutra. Rajgir-  It was the capital of Magadh Kingdom.  It was here that Gautama Buddha spent several months meditating, and preaching at Gridhra-kuta, (Vulture peak). He also delivered some of his famous sermons and initiated King Bimbisara of Magadha and countless others to Buddhism. It was here that Budhha delivered his famous Atanatiya Sutra. Sravasti- It was the capital of ancient Kosala kingdom and is sacred to the Buddhists because it is here that Lord Buddha performed the greatest of his miracles to confound the Tirthika heretics. These miracles include Buddha creating multiple images of himself, which has been a favourite theme of Buddhist art. Buddha showed his divine prowess to impress upon the non-believers. The Buddha passed the greater part of his monastic life in Sravasti.  Vulture peak– One of the several sites frequented by the Buddha and his community of disciples for both training and retreat. Kesariya –  Kesariya Stupa is a Buddhist stupa in Kesariya, located at a distance of 110 kilometres  from Patna, in the Champaran (east) district of Bihar, India. The first construction of the Stupa is dated to the 3rd century BCE. Kesariya Stupa has a circumference of almost 400 feet (120 m) and raises to a height of about 104 feet. Vaishali-  It is said that the Buddha visited this place thrice and spent quite a long time here. The Buddha also delivered his last sermon at Vaishali and announced his Nirvana here. Kushinagar-  Kushinagar is the centre of the Buddhist circuit, which consists of pilgrimage sites at Lumbini, Sarnath and Gaya, and one of the four sacred places of Lord Buddha. Buddha delivered his last sermon, attained Mahaparinirvana (salvation) in 483 BC and was cremated at Rambhar Stupa. Note: A famous painting of 10 headed Buddha is found in these caves: Kanheri caves are a group of caves located in Salsette Island, Mumbai. Constitution states… Under Article 49 of the Constitution, the State is under obligation to protect every monument, place or object of artistic or historic interest declared to be of national importance from spoilation, disfigurement, destruction, removal, disposal or export, as the case may be. (DPSP) Under Article 51A(f) of the Constitution, there is fundamental duty to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture. (Fundamental Duties) Swadesh Darshan Scheme It is a Central Sector Scheme launched in 2014 -15. Objective: (1) Integrated development of theme based tourist circuits in the country; (2) To position the tourism sector as a major engine for job creation The Ministry of Tourism provides Central Financial Assistance (CFA) for infrastructure development of circuits. Kushinagar International Airport The airport is expected to provide seamless connectivity to tourists from Sri Lanka, Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, China, Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore and so on.  The Sri Lankan contingent, led by a member of the first family, will also be present, owing to the historical importance of the place. Mural painting as a token of gift To mark the occasion, Sri Lanka will present to India photographs of two murals painted by renowned Sri Lankan artist Solias Mendis at the Kelaniya Rajamaha Vihara, a popular Buddhist temple near Colombo One of the murals depicts ‘Arahat Bhikkhu’ Mahinda, son of Emperor Ashoka delivering the message of the Buddha to King Devanampiyatissa of Sri Lanka.  The other shows the arrival of ‘Theri Bhikkhuni’ Sanghamitta, the daughter of the Emperor Ashoka, in Sri Lanka, bearing a sapling of the ‘sacred Bodhi tree’ under which Siddhārtha Gautama is believed to have attained enlightenment. Can you answer the following question? How did Buddhism spread in different parts of the world? Examine. “Buddhism was not just a religious revolution, but a social revolution too.” Comment. Essay: Buddhism and Diplomacy (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1 Which of the following was not a part of OPEC when it was created at the Baghdad Conference in 1960? Iraq Kuwait Austria Saudi Arabia Q.2 Human Development Index is Released by United Nations Development Programme  UNICEF WHO None of the above  Q.3 Which of the following is not a bordering country of Black Sea?  Russia Ukraine Georgia None of the above  ANSWERS FOR 20th Oct 2021 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 D 2 A 3 C Must Read On National Security Policy: The Hindu On extending jurisdiction of BSF: Indian Express On federalism: Financial Express

UPSC हिन्दी Quiz– 2021: IASbaba Daily Current Affairs Quiz 21st October 2021

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE करेंट अफेयर्स के प्रश्न 'द हिंदू', 'इंडियन एक्सप्रेस' और 'पीआईबी' जैसे स्रोतों पर आधारित होते हैं, जो यूपीएससी प्रारंभिक परीक्षा के लिए बहुत महत्वपूर्ण स्रोत हैं। प्रश्न अवधारणाओं और तथ्यों दोनों पर केंद्रित हैं। दोहराव से बचने के लिए यहां कवर किए गए विषय आम तौर पर 'दैनिक करंट अफेयर्स / डेली न्यूज एनालिसिस (डीएनए) और डेली स्टेटिक क्विज' के तहत कवर किए जा रहे विषयों से भिन्न होते हैं। प्रश्न सोमवार से शनिवार तक दोपहर 2 बजे से पहले प्रकाशित किए जाएंगे। इस कार्य में आपको 10 मिनट से ज्यादा नहीं देना है। इस कार्य के लिए तैयार हो जाएं और इस पहल का इष्टतम तरीके से उपयोग करें। याद रखें कि, "साधारण अभ्यर्थी और चयनित होने वाले अभ्यर्थी के बीच का अंतर केवल दैनक अभ्यास है !!" Important Note: Comment अनुभाग में अपने अंक पोस्ट करना न भूलें। साथ ही, हमें बताएं कि क्या आपको आज का टेस्ट अच्छा लगा । 5 प्रश्नों को पूरा करने के बाद, अपना स्कोर, समय और उत्तर देखने के लिए ‘View Questions’ पर क्लिक करें। उत्तर देखने के लिए, इन निर्देशों का पालन करें: 1 - 'स्टार्ट टेस्ट/ Start Test' बटन पर क्लिक करें प्रश्न हल करें 'टेस्ट सारांश/Test Summary'बटन पर क्लिक करें 'फिनिश टेस्ट/Finish Test'बटन पर क्लिक करें अब ‘View Questions’बटन पर क्लिक करें - यहां आपको उत्तर और लिंक दिखाई देंगे। To take the Test - Click here