Jun 7, 2021 WEEKEND WITH BABA

[WEEKEND WITH BABA] Discussion on GEOGRAPHY OPTIONAL with Atyab Ali Zaidi Sir

Dear Students You can watch Discussion on Geography Optional by Dr. Atyab Ali Zaidi Sir here - In this  session, he has discussed about 1) Benefits of Geography Optional 2) How to Score 300+ 3) The only Booklist you'll need 4) How to write a good Geographical Answer? Know More About Geography Optional Foundation Course 2022 - CLICK HERE Know More About Baba's Foundation Course 2022 - CLICK HERE To Watch Previous 'Weekend With Baba' Sessions - CLICK HERE P.S: 'CONNECT WITH BABA' consists of the following - Hotline, #AskBaba, Phone-a-Friend, (Monday - Friday between 10 AM to 6 PM), and 'Weekend with Baba' (Every Saturday on YouTube from 6 PM - 7 PM). To get Regular Updates from IASbaba, follow- TELEGRAM Channel – CLICK HERE YOUTUBE  –  CLICK HERE FACEBOOK  – CLICK HERE

Jun 7, 2021 TLP Mains Answer Writing

SYNOPSIS [7th JUNE,2021] Day 106: IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 1): UPSC Mains Answer Writing (General Studies)

For Previous TLP (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE   SYNOPSIS [7th JUNE,2021] Day 106: IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 1): UPSC Mains Answer Writing (General Studies)   1.There has always been a debate whether freedom was seized by the Indians or power was transferred voluntarily by the British as an act of positive statesmanship. What are your views on this debate? Substantiate.   Approach  Candidates expected here to argue on both side of the debate with substantive views on  issues and events in freedom struggle then in conclusion candidates can write how to save international image and under global pressure transferred power which was a right of Indians. Introduction British decision to quit was partly based on the non - governability of India in the 1940s is beyond doubt. It is difficult to argue that there was consistent policy of devolution of power, which came to its logical culmination in August 1947 through the granting of independence to India. Body Colonial historiography always believed that Britain will devolve power to Indian subjects but Indians are not politically mature enough for self-government until 1947. To substantiate their view, they give evidence of 1917 Montague declaration that gradual development of self-governing Institutions with a view to the progressive realisation of responsible governments in India remained objective of British rule in India. Constitutional reforms after certain interval of time were again part of ultimate aim of self-government to India. However, it is unlikely that British left India voluntarily in 1947 in pursuance of well-designed policy of decolonisation or that freedom was gift to the Indians. Constitutional arrangements of 1919 and 1935 were meant to secure British hegemony over the Indian empire through consolidation of control over the central government rather than to make Indians masters of their own affairs. Even in 1950s British foreign office and colonial office were contemplating ways and means of protecting economic and strategic interests in Asia and Africa against the recent upsurge of nationalism. They even acknowledged that it is impossible to reverse the constitutional advancement in view of the rising tide of the political resistance. During World War two, India was considered as most strategic point for defence of empire and to use Indian resources, strong grip over India was necessary. PM Churchill was against the grant of self-government to India. He even went out to say that he did not become his Majesty’s Chief Minister to preside over liquidation of British Empire. Signing of Atlantic charter was symbolic under the pressure of American population which acknowledged the right to self-determination for all people of the world. Churchill never wanted Cripps mission to succeed as he resorted to narrow interpretation. Pattern of post-war decolonization was profoundly influenced by the course and impact of the war. Quit India movement and its brutal repression ruptured the relationship between the Raj and the Congress and destroyed whatever goodwill the former might have had among the majority of Indian population. Indians seized the power with various constant movements under Gandhian leadership with taking nationalism to masses: The most important effect of the Quit India Movement was that it made the British realise that in the context of the crippling effects of the Second World War on Britain's resources and the bitter opposition to its rule India, it would be very difficult to continue ruling the Indians.  The radicals and leftists wanted to launch a mass Civil Disobedience Movement, but here Gandhi insisted on Individual Satyagraha. The Individual Satyagraha was not to seek independence but to affirm the right of speech. This gave leaders to talk against britishers policies and wrongdoings. The Bengal famine and the wartime food scarcity in other regions further damaged the moral foundations of the Raj. The RIN strike came at a time when the Indian nationalist sentiment had reached fever pitch across the country. This revolt was different from the other revolts in the sense that, after 1857 it was the first time that the British realized that the Royal Indian forces were no more obedient to the British commands and were in concurrence with the overall defiant nationalist sentiments prevailing in the entire country. Open trials of INA prisoner led to politically united march against the British rule. Royal Indian navy mutiny raised the threat of imperial defense. Britain realized widespread mutiny in armed forces could lead to anarchy in India. After the war, Britain's debt to India started piling up, so that by 1946 Britain owed India more than £ 1,300 million, almost one-fifth of Britain's GNP. India had now certainly become less manageable as a colony henceforth it could only be kept under control at a heavy cost, both financial and military. Financial situation arose because of the increasing nationalist pressure for more resources and budgetary allocation for the development of India. Anti-imperialist sentiments, generated by the very struggle against Nazi Germany and enshrined in the United Nations Charter and its strict trusteeship rules, made empire morally indefensible. Increased communal violence after 1946 speed up the process of transfer of power as Britain wanted to maintain its diplomatic prestige with peaceful transfer of power. Conclusion Britain's interest in India could now best be safeguarded by treating it as an independent nation, through informal rather than formal control. Britain realized that continuation of power is not possible without repression and which is against the British public opinion. To save political power in home and to save face in International platform by compulsion Britain grant freedom to India. 2. India's freedom struggle had participation from people of all walks of life irrespective of caste, creed, sex, and religion, and was not exclusively controlled by any particular group. Do you agree? Critically comment. Approach  Candidates are expected to write about how Indian freedom struggle was initially confined to few politically active group and then with increasing the mass nationalism how it transitioned into number of movements and was not exclusively belonged to particular group. Introduction The Indian National Movement was an organised mass movement concerned with the interests of the people of India and affected by both internal and external factors. It was a result of series of Political, Socio-cultural and Economic factors that led to the rise of nationalism. Though it seems at the beginning, the movement was confined to bourgeoisie it was more a popular movement which saw the participation from various classes. Body Initial movement controlled by bourgeoisie: The early political associations like Bangabasha prakashika sabha, Zamindari association, East India association, India league etc. were formed by upper classes or zamindars with limited voice of masses. Moderate phase had narrow social base and masses played limited role. The formation of congress itself involved rich and educated Indians as well as English leaders like AO Hume. Even the congress gave less emphasis on issues related to religion and traditions which undermined the class of Dalits, women etc. who played little role in early phases of national movement. The leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji, Pherozshah Mehta, Bipin Chandra pal etc. were from Rich class who were a part of struggle apart from the regular life of bourgeoisie. Most of the issues that were taken up especially in the early phases helped mostly the educated and middle-class Indians. e.g. the protest against lowering the age for ICS examination, education policies etc.,  However, it would be wrong to say Indian national movement was exclusively controlled by the bourgeoisie. Popular movement of various classes: Inclusion of Rural masses: especially after the entry of Gandhiji - were instrumental in various struggles like Kheda satyagraha, salt satyagraha and so on. Youth: They boycotted schools and colleges. Their participation increased during the extremist phase and reached its peak during the quit India movement. Educated Working class: The lawyers, teachers, government clerks and so on quit their jobs in support of Indian national struggle. Capitalist class: The capitalist class emerged in the end of 19th century and played some roles in freedom movement in one way or other. There were certain capitalists who joined Congress, went to jails and suffered hardships, for example JL Bajaj V O Chidambaram Pillai, JRD Tata etc. helped in Swadeshi movement and Indian industrial development. Muslims: The leaders of the Khilafat agitation, Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, now wished to initiate a full-fledged Non-Cooperation Movement. Gandhiji supported their call and urged the Congress to campaign against “Punjab wrongs” Jallianwala massacre, the Khilafat wrong and demand swaraj. Women’s participation was seen in late extremist phase and they were instrumental in successes of Civil disobedience movement. This includes Gandhian protesters like Sarojini Naidu as well as revolutionaries like Bina Das, Pritilata Waddedar and others. Revolutionary class: Individuals like Chandrashekhar Azad, Sachin Sanyal as well as revolutionary groups like Anushilan samiti, Anubhav Bharat used the route of violence to instill fear amongst British officials  and tried to overthrow the regime by force.  Lower classes struggled for equal socio: Political status e.g. Vaikom satyagraha, avarippuram movement etc. Congress did not have social reforms in its agenda in the beginning. However, when in 1918 the first Depressed Classes Conference was organized in Bombay, and the Dalits and non-Brahmins made proposals for separate electorates, the Congress reversed its policy. Struggles Among Peasants: In various parts of British India, the pattern of landownership was largely unfavourable to the cultivating population. The labourers suffered from various kinds of unfreedom, with a significant part of the agricultural population being tied in semi-serfdom they also revolted and took part in struggle. Tribals: As the freedom movement widened, it drew Advisees into all aspects of the struggle. Many landless and deeply oppressed Advisees joined in with upper-caste freedom fighters expecting that the defect of the British would usher in a new democratic era. For example Rampa rebellion, Heraka movement etc. Socialist class: Many of the key actors in India’s freedom struggle too were influenced by Marxism to varying extents, from the early revolutionaries of Bhagat Singh’s HSRA and the Communist Party to leftwing Congress leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhash Chandra Bose and others. It can be concluded that even though the nationalist movement was started by the established bourgeoisie class, it became successful when it became more inclusive and a pan India movement. Conclusion The Indian national movement acted as a vehicle of social change by redistributing social and economic power within the society with participation of different groups. It played a liberating role not only against the British government but also integrating different communities against the traditional social structure and provided a feeling of recognition and human dignity among the lowest sections of society. 3. How has the India-Russia relationship unfolded during this Pandemic? Critically Analyse. Approach  Candidates are expected to critically analyse the India Russia relationships how it has unfolded during pandemic. Candidates need to write how India and Russia engaged with each other and then what are the difficulties and challenges around it. Introduction  The year 2020 saw several geopolitical events that impacted both India and Russia. As Russia and India both desire a multi-polar world, they are equally important for each other in fulfilling each other's national interests. However, due to the changing geopolitical scenario, the relationship between both countries is not as good as it used to be in the cold war era. Body  Let us analyse the relevance of Indo-Russian ties in a world of changing geopolitical equations in this pandemic times: The Chinese aggression in the border areas of eastern Ladakh, brought India-China relations to an inflection point, but also demonstrated that Russia is capable of contributing to defusing tensions with China. Russia organized a trilateral meeting among the foreign ministers of Russia, India, and China following deadly clashes in the Galwan Valley in the disputed territory of Ladakh. Russia currently seeks to leverage India’s soft power to gain legitimacy in the success of the Eurasian Economic Union, and re-establishing its hegemony, as it existed during the cold war era. Till now, its development has primarily revolved around Chinese dominance and so Russia wants to diversify with the help of India to lessen Russia’s growing dependence on China in post pandemic era. Recently India approved Russian Vaccine Sputnik V under emergency use authorisation. Both sides have also helped each other deal with the effects of the pandemic. Russia expressed its gratitude for India’s decision to supply key drugs to fight the pandemic, HCQ and paracetamol. Apart from traditional areas of cooperation such as weapons, hydrocarbons, nuclear energy, and diamonds, new sectors of economic engagement are likely to emerge mining, agro-industrial, and high technology, including robotics, nanotech, and biotech. Challenges in India Russia Relationships: The relationship was showing signs of strain even before to the pandemic, mainly because both countries are drifting toward different sides in the emerging competition between the United States and China. China-Russian ties are growing due to their shared interest in opposing the US. The intense geostrategic rivalry between China and the US in the region. Russia which opposes the US joined hands with China. For India, a Russia-China alliance would bring about the dreaded prospect of an Asia dominated by China. In this scenario, India would feel compelled to contemplate a similar relationship with the West this can affect Indo Russia ties. Both India and Russia have a difference of opinion in understanding the concept of the Indo-Pacific. This will increase the US presence in the region, Further, it will reduce Russia’s involvement as Russia maintained a cordial relationship with Asian countries in the region.  For this reason, Russia does not accept the concept of QUAD. This can be reflected in a determined restart of the Quad process after pandemic and a clearer enunciation of a free and inclusive Indo-Pacific. Russia responded by revving up its own “Pivot to the East”. The most distinct results of which are markedly improved relations with China, and better ties with Turkey, Iran, and Pakistan. Russia’s Pivot to the East policy is not in synergy with that of the US and subsequently, the relationship between India and Russia suffers. But despite the emergency cooperation, and the defense relationship, there are longer term difficulties in the India-Russia relationship that are unlikely to be easy to resolve.  The pandemic has accelerated the competition between China and the region and that is likely to eventually add stress to the India-Russia relationship. Way forward: Apart from bilateral synergies, the two are members of various multilateral organizations including BRICS, RIC, G20, East Asia Summit, and SCO where avenues for cooperation on issues of mutual importance exist. India should pursue and facilitate Russia’s engagement in the Indo-Pacific. However, Russia’s role in the Indo-Pacific will depend on how successful it is in dealing with the fundamental problems hindering its economic development.  Conclusion  It is clear that India & Russia still regard each other as valued partners with a friendship built on deep mutual trust, their foreign policy goals are taking them in different directions. However neither India nor Russia wants to be a junior partner to China or the United States. Thus, both countries can turn back to and bolster ties as existed in the cold war era.   TLP Synopsis Day 106 PDF

Jun 7, 2021 WEEKEND WITH BABA

[WEEKEND WITH BABA] Discussion on SOCIOLOGY OPTIONAL with Dr. Vamshi Krishna Sir

Dear Students You can watch Discussion on Sociology by Dr. Vamshi Krishna here - In this  session, he has discussed about 1) Importance of Optional Subject 2) Overview about the process of choosing an Optional 3) Booklist/ Sources for Sociology Optional 4) Strategy for Sociology Optional 5) How to make Notes? 6) When to take Tests? Know More About Sociology Optional Foundation Course 2022 - CLICK HERE Know More About Baba's Foundation Course 2022 - CLICK HERE To Watch Previous 'Weekend With Baba' Sessions - CLICK HERE P.S: 'CONNECT WITH BABA' consists of the following - Hotline, #AskBaba, Phone-a-Friend, (Monday - Friday between 10 AM to 6 PM), and 'Weekend with Baba' (Every Saturday on YouTube from 6 PM - 7 PM). To get Regular Updates from IASbaba, follow- TELEGRAM Channel – CLICK HERE YOUTUBE  –  CLICK HERE FACEBOOK  – CLICK HERE

Jun 7, 2021 RSTV Video

PLI Boost to Manufacturing – The Big Picture – RSTV IAS UPSC

Archives TOPIC: General Studies 3 Indian Economy In News: Prime Minister Narendra Modi said production linked incentive (PLI) scheme, which is aimed at boosting domestic manufacturing and exports, is expected to increase the country’s production by USD 520 billion in the next five years. In this year’s Budget, about Rs 2 lakh crore was earmarked for the PLI scheme for the next five years and there is an expectation that the scheme would result in increasing the production by about USD 520 billion in the next five years There is also an expectation that the current workforce in the sectors, which will avail the benefits of the PLI scheme, will be doubled and job creation will also increase. The government is working to reduce compliance burden, further improve ease of doing business, reducing the compliance burden, creating multi-modal infrastructure to reduce logistics costs, and constructing district-level export hubs.. An average of 5 per cent of production is given as incentive. This means that PLI schemes will lead to production worth USD 520 billion in India in the next five years. Self-regulation, self-attesting, self-certification is being emphasized. Difference between the earlier schemes and those of the current government: the earlier industrial incentives used to be open ended input-based subsidies, now they have been made targeted and performance based through a competitive process. PLI Scheme  The scheme aims to make India self-reliant in manufacturing goods for local and export markets, positioning it as a global manufacturing hub. It also aims to make domestic manufacturing competitive and efficient, build capacity, and benefit from economies of scale, enhance exports, attract investment and create jobs. The success story of special economic zones (SEZs) only adds credence to the impact that this scheme can also have on the economy. The scheme is on the lines of ‘Made in China 2025’ which aims at enhancing competitive strength of selected sectors. Why is the production linked scheme needed? According to experts, the idea of PLI is important as the government cannot continue making investments in these capital intensive sectors as they need longer times for start giving the returns. Instead, what it can do is to invite global companies with adequate capital to set up capacities in India. The kind of ramping up of manufacturing that we need requires across the board initiatives, but the government can’t spread itself too thin. Electronics and pharmaceuticals themselves are large sectors, so, at this point, if the government can focus on labour intensive sectors like garments and leather, it would be really helpful. How will it incentivize manufacturing ops? The production-linked incentive scheme gives eligible manufacturing companies a 4-6% incentive on incremental sales over the base year of 2019-20 for a five-year period. It is a kind of subsidy being provided by direct payment from the budget for domestically manufactured goods. The incentive amount varies across sectors and savings generated from PLI of one sector can be utilized to fund other sectors, maximizing returns. The PLI scheme will incentivize large domestic and global players to boost production, build a competitive ecosystem and lead to more inclusive growth. For Large Scale Electronics Manufacturing The scheme proposes a financial incentive to boost domestic manufacturing and attract large investments in the electronics value chain including electronic components and semiconductor packaging. Under the scheme, electronics manufacturing companies will get an incentive of 4 to 6% on incremental sales (over base year) of goods manufactured in India for a period of next 5 years. The scheme shall only be applicable for target segments – mobile phones and specified electronic components. With the help of the scheme, domestic value addition for mobile phones is expected to rise to 35-40% by 2025 from 20-25%.  It shall also generate 8 lakh jobs more, both direct and indirect. For IT Hardware The scheme proposes PLI to boost domestic manufacturing and attract large investments in the value chain of IT Hardware. The Scheme shall extend an incentive of 4% to 2% on net incremental sales (over base year 2019-20) of goods manufactured in India and covered under the target segment, for 4 years. It will benefit 5 major global players and 10 domestic champions in the field of IT Hardware manufacturing including Laptops, Tablets, All-in-One PCs, and Servers. IT hardware is estimated to achieve Rs 3 lakh crore worth production in four years and domestic value addition is expected to rise from current 5-10 per cent to 20-25 per cent in 5 years. Similarly telecom equipment manufacturing will witness an increase of about Rs 2.5 lakh crore in five years. For Telecom Sector The core component of this scheme is to offset the huge import of telecom equipment worth more than Rs. 50 thousand crores and reinforce it with “Made in India” products both for domestic markets and exports. Financial Year 2019-20 shall be treated as the Base Year for computation of cumulative incremental sales of manufactured goods net of taxes. The Scheme will be operational from 1st April 2021. This scheme also addresses local manufacturing in MSME category because Government desires MSMEs to play an important role in the telecom sector and come out as national champions.  This scheme will lead to incremental production of around ₹2.4 Lakh Crores with exports of around ₹2 Lakh Crores over 5 years. It is expected that scheme will bring investment of more than ₹3,000 crore and generate huge direct and indirect employment and taxes both. For Pharmaceuticals The Scheme is expected to bring in investment of Rs.15,000 crore in the pharmaceutical sector, which will lead to Rs 3 lakh crore in pharma sale and export increase of worth Rs 2 lakh crore. It will be part of the umbrella scheme for the Development of the Pharmaceutical Industry. Objective: (1) To enhance India’s manufacturing capabilities by increasing investment; (2) Product diversification to include high-value goods.  Target Groups: The manufacturers who are registered in India will be grouped based on their Global Manufacturing Revenue (GMR) to ensure wider applicability of the scheme Quantum of Incentive: 15,000 crores. Category of Goods covered: Category 1: Biopharmaceuticals; Complex generic drugs; Patented drugs or drugs nearing patent expiry; Cell-based or gene therapy drugs; Orphan drugs; Other drugs as approved. Category 2: Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Key Starting Materials, Drug Intermediates. Category 3: Drugs not covered under Category 1 and 2. Connecting the Dots: Key components of production linked incentive (PLI) scheme Discuss the need for production linked incentive (PLI) scheme in India.

Jun 7, 2021 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 7th June 2021

Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Black Carbon Report by World Bank Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III - Conservation; Climate change In news The report titled “Glaciers of the Himalayas: Climate Change, Black Carbon and Regional Resilience” has reported that the glaciers are melting faster than the global average ice mass.  A strong policy on black carbon can sharply cut glacier melt. Report released by: World Bank  The Himalayas, Karakoram, and Hindu Kush (HKHK) mountain ranges were covered in the report. Key takeaways from the report Black Carbon (BC) is a short-lived pollutant  It is the second-largest contributor to cause Global warming after carbon dioxide (CO2). Unlike other greenhouse gas emissions, BC is quickly washed out and can be eliminated from the atmosphere if emissions stop. Industry (primarily brick kilns) and residential burning of solid fuel together account for 45-66% of regional man-made BC deposition, followed by on-road diesel fuels and open burning in the region. It acts in two ways hastening the pace of glacier melt: By decreasing surface reflectance of sunlight. By raising the air temperature Full implementation of current policies to mitigate BC can achieve a 23% reduction but enacting new policies and regional cooperation among countries can achieve enhanced benefits. National Mission on Sustaining Himalayan Ecosystem (NMSHE) is one such policy adopted in India.  It is one of the eight missions under the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC). Steps that can be taken in the Himalayas Reduce black carbon emissions from - (1) cookstoves; (2) Diesel engines; (3) Open burning. It could significantly reduce radiative forcing Steps to be Taken by Regional Governments: Review the policies on water management Careful planning and use of hydropower to reflect changes in water flows and availability. Increasing the efficiency of brick kilns through proven technologies. Greater knowledge sharing in the region. Important value additions  There are almost 55,000 glaciers in the HKHK mountains which store more freshwater than any other region outside the North and South Poles.  Glacier melt produces  Flash floods Landslips Soil erosion  Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOF) Radiative forcing is a measure of the change in energy balance as a result of a change in a forcing agent (e.g., greenhouse gases, aerosol, cloud, and surface albedo) to affect the global energy balance and contribute to climate change. Model Panchayat Citizens Charter Part of: GS Prelims and GS -II - Panchayati Raj In news A Model Panchayat Citizens Charter was recently released . Ministry: Ministry of Panchayati Raj  Prepared by: Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR) in collaboration with National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj (NIRDPR) About the Model Panchayat Citizens Charter It is a framework for delivery of the services across the 29 sectors, aligning actions with localised Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) What is its aim? To Provide Services to the People in a Time Bound Manner Redressing Their Grievances  Improving Their Lives. The Panchayats will utilise this framework to draw up a Citizens Charter and adopt it through a resolution of the Gram Sabha by 15th August, 2021. Panchayats are responsible for delivery of basic services as enshrined under article 243G of the Constitution of India, specifically in the areas of Health & Sanitation, Education, Nutrition, Drinking Water.  Important value additions  National Institute of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj (NIRD&PR) It is an autonomous organisation under the Union Ministry of Rural Development. It is a premier national centre of excellence in rural development and Panchayati Raj.  It builds capacities of rural development functionaries, elected representatives of PRIs, bankers, NGOs and other stakeholders. It is recognized internationally as one of the UN-ESCAP Centres of Excellence. The Institute is located in Hyderabad, Telangana. It also has North-Eastern Regional Centre (NERC) at Guwahati, Assam to meet the NE-regional needs. Construction of Conventional Submarines under Project P 75 (I) approved Part of: GS Prelims and GS -III - Defence and Security In news The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) has approved the issuance of a Request For Proposal (RFP) for construction of six Conventional Submarines under Project P 75 (I) under the Strategic Partnership (SP) Model. What is this Project about? This Project envisions indigenous construction of six conventional submarines equipped with the state-of-the-art Air Independent Propulsion system at an estimated cost of Rs 43,000 crore. This is the first case processed under the SP model.  The SP model of the Defence Procurement Procedure (DPP) aims to promote the role of Indian industry in manufacturing and build a domestic defence industrial ecosystem. This would be one of the largest ‘Make in India’ projects. What is the Strategic Partnership (SP) Model? The SP model shall identify few Indian private companies as Strategic Partners who would tie up with a few shortlisted foreign Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) to manufacture defence equipment. The selection of SPs and their foreign OEM partners would be based on a competitive process to be undertaken simultaneously.  The Ministry of Defence (MoD) would also identify a list of Indian companies in each segment based on certain technical, financial and infrastructure-related parameters.  Important value additions  Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) It is the highest decision-making body in the Defence Ministry  It decides on new policies and capital acquisitions for the three services (Army, Navy and Air Force) and the Indian Coast Guard.  The Minister of Defence is the Chairman of the Council. Devika River Project: J&K Part of: GS Prelims and GS -II - Policies and interventions and GS-III - Infrastructure In news Recently, the Minister of State for Development of North Eastern Region has asked for suggestions for the Devika River project in Udhampur, J&K. This project is compared with the Namami Gange Project. About Devika River project  This is a Rs. 190 crore Project. The work on the project was started in March 2019 under the National River Conservation Plan (NRCP). Under the project,  Bathing “ghats” (places) on the banks of the Devika River will be developed, Encroachments will be removed Natural water bodies will be restored  Catchment areas will be developed along with cremation ground Small hydropower plants and three solar power plants shall also be developed. The project will lead to reduction in pollution and improvement in water quality. About Devika River Devika river originates from the hilly Suddha Mahadev temple in Udhampur district of Jammu and Kashmir. It flows down towards western Punjab (now in Pakistan) where it merges with the Ravi river. The river holds religious significance as it is revered by Hindus as the sister of river Ganga. In June 2020, Devika Bridge was inaugurated in Udhampur.  About National River Conservation Plan (NRCP) It is a centrally funded scheme  Launched in 1995  Aim: Preventing the pollution of rivers. Programs for river conservation are being implemented under National River Conservation Plan (NRCP) and NGRBA (National Ganga River Basin Authority). Activities under NRCP: Interception and Diversion works to capture the raw sewage flowing into the river through open drains and divert them for treatment. Low Cost Sanitation works to prevent open defecation on riverbanks. Electric Crematoria and Improved Wood Crematoria to conserve the use of wood  River Front Development works such as improvement of bathing ghats. Public awareness and public participation. Launch of SAGE (Seniorcare Ageing Growth Engine) Initiative  Part of: GS Prelims and GS -II - Policies and interventions In news SAGE (Seniorcare Aging Growth Engine) initiative and SAGE portal were launched recently. Ministry: Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment,  Objective: To support India’s elderly persons  About the initiative: The SAGE portal will be a “one-stop access” of elderly care products and services by credible start-ups. The start-ups selected under SAGE will be those which will provide new innovative products and services to elderly persons in various areas like health, travel, finance, legal ,housing, food among others. The Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment will act as a facilitator for this scheme. A fund of upto Rs.1 crore as one-time equity will be granted to each selected start-up. An amount of Rs 100 crore has been assigned for the promotion of the silver economy. Important value additions  Silver economy is the system of production, distribution and consumption of goods and services aimed at using the purchasing potential of older and ageing people and satisfying their consumption, living and health needs. As per surveys, the share of elders, as a percentage of the total population in the country, is expected to increase from around 7.5% in 2001 to almost 12.5% by 2026, and surpass 19.5% by 2050. Earlier a Senior Citizen Welfare Fund was started in 2016. Miscellaneous World Environment Day The World Environment Day was observed on 5th June, 2021. Objective of the day: Encouraging worldwide awareness and action to protect our environment. Theme for 2021: “REIMAGINE. RECREATE. RESTORE” with focus on ecosystem restoration (to prevent, halt and reverse the degradation of ecosystems on every continent and in every ocean). Every World Environment Day has a different host country, where the official celebrations take place.  Host for 2021 is Pakistan.  The Prime Minister of India released the "Report of the Expert Committee on Road Map for ethanol blending in India 2020-2025".  Government has resolved to meet the target of 20% ethanol blending in petrol by 2025.  He also launched the ambitious E-100 pilot project in Pune for the production and distribution of ethanol across the country.  (Mains Focus) GOVERNANCE/ ECONOMY Topic: GS-2: Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate.  GS-2: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests. BRICS | The coming together of the powerful five Origin of BRICS BRICS was not invented by any of its members. In 2001, Goldman Sachs’ Jim O’Neill authored a paper called “Building Better Global Economic BRICs”, pointing out that future GDP growth in the world would come from China, India, Russia and Brazil. Significantly, the paper didn’t recommend a separate grouping for them, but made the case that the G-7 should include them The paper further that BRIC economies combined would outstrip the western dominated world order before 2039. In 2006, leaders of the BRIC countries met on the margins of a G-8 (now called G-7) summit in St. Petersburg, Russia, and BRIC was formalised that year.  The global financial crisis of 2007-08 reinforced the idea as BRIC countries had been relatively unscathed in the market collapse.  Common ground for the members was built by ensuring that no bilateral issues were brought up in the forum. Issues with BRICS Lacks Focus: Despite being formed in 2006, the group still mystifies all and lacks focus. Little in Common: Started as an alternate grouping of emerging economies that could challenge the post-War world order, it has been criticised as a rag-tag band of disparate countries across four continents with little in common Russia-China Axis: Ties between countries such as Russia and China are growing at a much strong pace than the group’s own cohesion Tensions: Also, the groups utility is being question in the light of growing tension between India and China Bridge or Bulwark against West: India, Brazil and South Africa have equal, if not stronger, strategic ties with western powers today, prompting scholars to ask whether BRICS is a bridge between the east and west or whether it is being positioned as a bulwark against them. Poor Performance:  The biggest blow to the BRICS firmament was dealt by the very company that laid its foundations. In 2015, Goldman Sachs wound up its BRIC fund, which had reportedly lost 88% of its asset value since 2010, and merged it with a larger emerging markets fund. Long Term Investor Sentiment is dim for the group due to following reasons:  China’s decision to launch the trillion-dollar Belt and Road Initiative in 2017 was opposed by India, and even Russia did not join South Africa’s debt-laden economy and negative current account has led some to predict an economic collapse in the next decade.  Brazil’s poor handling during the Covid-19 crisis has ranked it amongst the world’s worst-affected countries and its recovery is expected to be delayed.  India’s economic slowdown was a concern even before Covid-19 hit, and government policies like “Aatmanirbhar” were seen as a plan to turn inward. There are concerns about aggressions from China in the South China Sea, the border with India and internally in Hongkong and Xinjiang. Achievements of BRICS Regular Summits: All the contradictions and criticism notwithstanding, BRICS is an idea that has endured two decades, an idea its members remain committed to, and not one has skipped the annual summits held since 2009. Alternative to World Bank: BRICS has created the New Development Bank (NDB) set up with an initial capital of $100 billion BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement fund to deal with global liquidity crunches. BRICS payment system proposing to be an alternative to the SWIFT payment system. Stand on Geopolitical Events: While its foundation was economic, BRICS statements have always been deeply political, calling for more inclusion in the multilateral world order, decrying U.S.-Europe backed military interventions, and expressing an independent line on several world events from Afghanistan to West Asia. BRICS countries move ahead on a “BRICS Vaccine Centre”, proposed to be based in Johannesburg, given that at least three members — Russia India and China — have manufactured a substantial chunk of all globally authorised vaccines. BRICS has repeatedly called for reforming multilateral institutions, including the UN and the UNSC, International Monetary Fund and World Bank and the World Trade Organization. BRICS supported negotiations at the WTO for the waiver of trade-related intellectual property rights (TRIPs) for vaccines and medicines to tackle the Coronavirus pandemic.  Conclusion It is still possible that the BRIC grouping could become as large as the G7 within the next generation. If international trade, investment, and financial flows between the BRIC countries and the rest of the world continue, this level of growth would be good for everyone. Connecting the dots: Takeaway from 12th BRICS Summit Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Future of SAARC and BIMSTEC India’s Non-Alignment Policy in the times of increasing Polarisation in world ECONOMY/ GOVERNANCE Topic: GS-2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. GS-3: Economy & Issues arising out of it. Indemnity and Vaccine Pricing Context: Pfizer, which supplies the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine, is said to have requested that the government indemnify it from any claim that may arise from vaccine users in the future based on any adverse effects after getting the jab.  What is indemnity and why is it sought? Indemnity is a form of contract.  Section 124 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, defines a contract of indemnity as one by which one party promises to save the other from any loss caused to the latter.  Once the government of India grants such indemnity to the vaccine manufacturer or importer, it would mean that if a particular vaccine is perceived to have caused death or any lasting damage to a recipient, any claim of compensation arising from it will have to be met by the government, and not by the company.  In the event of a court ordering payment, the company will be in a position to recover the amount from the government. The law on drugs in India does not have a provision for indemnity related to the grant of approval for any new drug or vaccine in the country. If at all any indemnity is to be granted to any company for a particular drug or vaccine, it can only be in the form of an indemnity bond executed on behalf of the government of India, or a clause or set of clauses in any contract that the government may sign with the supplier.  There appears to be no precedent for any company getting such indemnity in India for any drug. Is the demand for or grant of indemnity a standard practice? Indemnity is essentially a contractual matter between the supplier and recipient, and therefore, a good deal of confidentiality is attached to such agreements.  Pfizer is believed to have obtained such indemnity from several countries, including the United Kingdom, from which it has received supply orders. However, it has declined to discuss the issue in public. Normally, it is the company applying for approval of a new drug or vaccine that submits itself to various conditions and regulations. Approvals in most countries come with stringent conditions regarding quality standards, safety assessments and requirements regarding various phases of clinical trials.  However, given the peculiar global situation arising out of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the severe shortage of vaccines faced by countries such as India, which urgently needs to inoculate hundreds of millions of people, some vaccine suppliers may be in a position to set conditions. What have the overseas companies got so far? The Drugs Controller-General of India has already taken a big step towards fast-tracking the import of vaccines by dispensing with the need for local trials.  Earlier, the Centre had decided that foreign-produced vaccines that had been granted emergency approval for restricted use by regulators in the U.S., the U.K., the European Union and Japan, or those included in the WHO’s Emergency Use Listing, would be granted Emergency Use Authorisation in India.  The New Drugs and Clinical Trial Rules, 2019 provide for payment of compensation by the sponsor of the trial or its representative to any participant who dies or suffers disability as a result of such trials. Exemption from these trials has reduced the risk to overseas manufacturers.  However, companies probably fear that they would still be liable under the ordinary law of tort, arising from future claims by anyone adversely affected after receiving the shot. What are the implications of giving indemnity? Lower Prices: In the absence of indemnity, overseas manufacturers may load the risk onto the price of the vaccines, making each dose more expensive. By indemnifying the companies in respect of these vaccines, the government of India may be able to negotiate lower prices and higher volumes.  Faster Vaccination: Reduced prices and faster production may help accelerate India’s national vaccination drive.  Demand for Level Playing Field: The demand from indemnity from Pfizer has already given rise to a similar demand from domestic vaccine-maker Serum Institute of India (SII), which says all players should be treated the same way. Government needs to bear entire risk: Providing indemnity to all by government to ensure level playing field is inviting upon itself the entire risk associated with more than a billion vaccine shots. Connecting the dots: Vaccine Nationalism Vaccine Diplomacy TRIPS Waiver for Vaccines (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Comments Up-voted by IASbaba are also the “correct answers”. Q.1 Consider the following statements regarding National Institute of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj (NIRD&PR): It is an autonomous organisation under the Union Ministry of Rural Development. It is a premier national centre of excellence in rural development and Panchayati Raj.  Which of the above is or are correct  1 only  2 only  Both 1 and 2  Neither 1 nor 2  Q.2 Devika River originates in which of the following State/Union territory of India? Nashik Kochi Uttarakhand Jammu and kashmir Q.3 Consider the following statements:  Indian Government has resolved to meet the target of 20% ethanol blending in petrol by 2025.  E-100 pilot project in Delhi was recently launched for the production and distribution of ethanol across India  Which of the above is or are correct  1 only  2 only  Both 1 and 2  Neither 1 nor 2  ANSWERS FOR 7th June 2021 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1  C 2  D Must Read On Media and sedition: The Hindu On behavioural change & pandemic: The Hindu About GST: Indian Express

Jun 7, 2021 TLP Mains Answer Writing

[STEP 2] AWARE (Answer Writing REdefined)- How to Approach & 1st Principle of UPSC Mains Answer Writing - Master the Art by Mohan Sir!

Dear Students, AWARE (Answer Writing Redefined) is a new initiative on how to Master the Art of Answer Writing for UPSC MAINS. In this Series, Mohan Sir (Founder, IASbaba) discusses about the 7 Steps to Master the Art of Answer Writing. Now that the 10 Myths about Answer Writing has been demystified, the next step is to understand ‘How to Approach & the 1st Principle of Answer Writing’. Here, is the 2nd STEP (video) – In this Video, How to Approach & the 1st Principle of Answer Writing is discussed. .embed-container { position: relative; padding-bottom: 56.25%; height: 0; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%; } .embed-container iframe, .embed-container object, .embed-container embed { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; } .pf-content{width:98%;} For the 1st STEP - 10 Myths about Answer Writing - > CLICK HERE For, TLP+ Mains 2021 Test Series with Mentorship – New Batch starting from 24th May! -> CLICK HERE For, TLP CONNECT 2021 (Prelims + Mains+ Interview) INTEGRATED Mentorship Based Programme -> CLICK HERE To get Regular Updates from IASbaba, follow- TELEGRAM Channel – CLICK HERE YOUTUBE  –  CLICK HERE FACEBOOK  – CLICK HERE INSTAGRAM – CLICK HERE Also, SUBSCRIBE to the WEBSITE (on the right-hand side), so that you don’t miss out on important posts! Thank You IASbaba

Jun 7, 2021 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2021 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 7th JUNE 2021

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :) After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken, and solutions. To take the Test - Click Here

Jun 7, 2021 TLP Mains Answer Writing

IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 1): UPSC Mains Answer Writing – General Studies Paper 1 Questions [7th JUNE,2021] – Day 106

For Previous TLP (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE Hello Friends, Welcome to IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 1): UPSC Mains Answer Writing – General Studies Paper 1 Questions [7th JUNE,2021] – Day 106 TLP (Phase 1) just got over on 8th May (Saturday) and we are extremely thankful for your active participation to make this program a success. Well, though TLP (Phase 1) got over, ‘Picture abhi baaqi hai mere dost’. There is a surprise for you. Since prelims is bound to get delayed once again this year, its not wise to leave the writing practice just now. Hence, we are extending the TLP program  We will be posting 3 questions per day (Monday to Friday). The questions will be based on Current Affairs, so that you don’t have to invest your time separately on exclusively mains oriented topics. So, keep practicing and keep improving. To Know More about TLP  -> CLICK HERE For Previous TLP (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE Note: Click on Each Question (Link), it will open in a new tab and then Answer respective questions! 1. There has always been a debate whether freedom was seized by the Indians or power was transferred voluntarily by the British as an act of positive statesmanship. What are your views on this debate? Substantiate. इस बात पर हमेशा बहस होती रही है कि क्या भारतीयों ने स्वतंत्रता पर कब्जा कर लिया था या सत्ता को अंग्रेजों द्वारा स्वेच्छा से सकारात्मक राज्य कौशल के रूप में स्थानांतरित कर दिया गया था। इस बहस पर आपके क्या विचार हैं? पुष्टि करें। 2. India's freedom struggle had participation from people of all walks of life irrespective of caste, creed, sex, and religion, and was not exclusively controlled by any particular group. Do you agree? Critically comment. भारत के स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में जाति, पंथ, लिंग और धर्म के बावजूद जीवन के सभी क्षेत्रों के लोगों की भागीदारी थी, और यह किसी विशेष समूह द्वारा विशेष रूप से नियंत्रित नहीं था। क्या आप सहमत हैं? समालोचनात्मक टिप्पणी करें। 3. How has the India-Russia relationship unfolded during this Pandemic? Critically Analyse. इस महामारी के दौरान भारत-रूस संबंध कैसे सामने आए हैं? समालोचनात्मक विश्लेषण करें। P.S: The review from IASbaba will happen from the time the question is posted till 10 pm every day. We would also encourage peer reviews. So friends get actively involved and start reviewing each other's answers. This will keep the entire community motivated. All the Best :)

Jun 6, 2021 WEEKEND WITH BABA

[WEEKEND WITH BABA] Fifth Live Session – Kannada Literature Optional by Kiran Kumar Sir today at 5 PM

Dear Students The session on Kannada Literature will be taken by Kiran Kumar sir on 6th June (Sunday) from 5 PM - 6 PM. Zoom Session Details  Topic: Kannada Literature Optional Weekend with Baba Time: Jun 6, 2021 05:00 PM Join Zoom Meeting - https://us06web.zoom.us/j/87201793245?pwd=bmNFelpMVFNxaDVUUTIxdCtWN0VlUT09 Meeting ID: 872 0179 3245 Passcode: 496587 Note The Zoom link will be active only on the scheduled time and date. Students will be allowed to participate in the session on a 'first come first serve' basis. To Watch Previous 'Weekend With Baba' Sessions - CLICK HERE P.S: 'CONNECT WITH BABA' consists of the following - Hotline, #AskBaba, Phone-a-Friend, (Monday - Friday between 10 AM to 6 PM), and 'Weekend with Baba' (Every Saturday on YouTube from 6 PM - 7 PM). To get Regular Updates from IASbaba, follow- TELEGRAM Channel – CLICK HERE YOUTUBE  –  CLICK HERE FACEBOOK  – CLICK HERE

Jun 6, 2021 Important Articles

[WEEK 3] ETHICS THEORY & CASE STUDIES | BRAINSTORMING ON ETHICS & ESSAY (BEE) by Sunil Oberoi Sir

Dear Students, As part of our new initiative, BRAINSTORMING ON ETHICS & ESSAY (BEE), here we have come up with the session. BEE is a FREE ONLINE (YOUTUBE) initiative, exclusively for Essay and Ethics curated by IASbaba’s renowned faculty member, Shri Sunil Oberoi Sir (former IAS Officer). The session focuses on the theme, 'ETHICS THEORY & CASE STUDIES'. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQMIAqK-HsE   Sunil Oberoi Sir has worked on Civil Services Reforms in India with UNDP and DoPT. He was a government nominee in interview boards and Examiner in various govt. exams. He was also associated with induction training of new entrants of Civil Services and In-Service training of Senior Civil Servants. To Know More about BEE Initiative -> CLICK HERE Download the schedule: Click Here For Any Queries: Email id: offline@iasbaba.com / support@iasbaba.com Mobile No: 91691 91888 (Please call between 10 am – 6 pm ONLY) Thank You IASbaba