ENGLISH LANGUAGE (COMPULSORY) PAPER - UPSC Civil Services MAINS Examination 2020
ENGLISH LANGUAGE (COMPULSORY) PAPER - UPSC Civil Services MAINS Examination 2020
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DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 16th January 2021
Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Hisar Airport inaugurated under RCS-UDAN Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Infrastructure In news Hisar Airport was inaugurated under RCS-UDAN recently. Key takeaways First flight to the newly constructed Hisar airport in Haryana from Chandigarh was also flagged off under the Regional Connectivity Scheme – Ude Desh Ka Aam Nagrik (RCS-UDAN) of the Government of India. Hisar airport is a public licensed airport that is suitable for 18 seat type aircraft. The airline Aviation Connectivity & Infrastructure Developers Pvt. Ltd (Air Taxi) was awarded the Hisar – Chandigarh – Hisar route under the UDAN 4 bidding process. The airline has become the first start-up airline of the country to assist the nation with Air Taxi services. Thus, the Inauguration Marks Commencement of India's First Air Taxi Services from Chandigarh to Hisar. Related articles: First direct flight between Kalaburagi to Tirupati flagged off under UDAN: Click here Objective assessment & transparency of UDAN scheme: Click here UDAN Mindmap: Click here National Innovation Portal (NIP) launched Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Innovation; Sci & Tech In news National innovation portal was recently launched. Ministry: Ministry of Science & Technology Developed by: National Innovation Foundation (NIF) – India Key takeaways The National Innovation Portal (NIP) is currently home to about 1.15 lakh innovations scouted from common people of the country, covering Engineering, Agriculture, Veterinary and Human Health. The innovations cover Energy, mechanical, automobile, electrical, electronics, household, chemical, civil, textiles, etc. Innovation Portal is a step towards Atmanirbhar Bharat and an excellent resource for students, entrepreneurs, MSME’s, Technology Business Incubators (TBI’s) and common people engaged in a variety of occupations. Do you know? National Innovation Foundation (NIF) – India is an autonomous body of the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India. Related articles: Calibrated Economic Package (Atmanirbhar Bharat 3.0) – Part 1: Click here Calibrated Economic Package (Atmanirbhar Bharat 3.0) – Part 2: Click here Aatmanirbhar Bharat & Small Entrepreneurs: Click here Third Phase Of Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY 3.0) launched Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Skill Development In news The third phase of Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY 3.0) launched recently in 600 districts across all states of India. Ministry: Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship. Key takeaways Spearheaded by the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE), this phase will focus on new-age and COVID-related skills. Skill India Mission PMKVY 3.0 envisages training of eight lakh candidates over a scheme period of 2020-2021 with an outlay of Rs. 948.90 crore. The 729 Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Kendras (PMKKs), empanelled non-PMKK training centres and more than 200 ITIs under Skill India will be rolling out PMKVY 3.0 training to build a robust pool of skilled professionals. Important value additions Skill India Mission Skill India Mission is an initiative of the Government of India, launched by the Prime Minister on the 16th of July 2015 with an aim to train over 40 crore people in India in different skills by 2022. It includes various initiatives of the government like National Skill Development Mission, National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, 2015, Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) Skill Loan scheme Publication Of Notice Of Marriage Not Mandatory Part of: GS Prelims and GS-I – Society & GS-II – Judiciary In news The Allahabad High Court has ruled that the provision of publication of notice of intended marriage under the Special Marriage Act, 1954, is not mandatory. Key takeaways The court said making such publication mandatory “would invade the fundamental rights of liberty and privacy, including within its sphere the freedom to choose for marriage without interference from state and non-state actors, of the persons concerned”. While giving notice under Section 5 of the Act, it shall be optional for the parties to the intended marriage to make a request in writing to the marriage officer to publish or not to publish a notice under Section 6 and follow the procedure of objections as prescribed under the Act. In case the parties do not make such a request, the officer “shall not publish any such notice or entertain objections to the intended marriage and proceed with the solemnisation of the marriage”. 8 trains connecting different regions of the country to Kevadiya railway Station to be flagged off Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – Infrastructure In news Prime Minister will flag off eight trains connecting different regions of the country to Kevadiya, Gujarat, on 17th January, 2021. Key takeaways These trains will facilitate seamless connectivity to the Statue of Unity, located on the Narmada River in the Kevadiya, Gujarat. Prime Minister will inaugurate the Dabhoi – Chandod Gauge converted Broad Gauge railway line, Chandod – Kevadiya new Broad Gauge railway line, newly electrified Pratapnagar – Kevadiya section and the new station buildings of Dabhoi, Chandod and Kevadiya. Kevadiya station is India's first railway station with a Green Building Certification. India’s First Indigenously Designed & Developed Driverless Metro Car Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Infrastructure In news Defence Minister unveiled India’s First Indigenously Designed & Developed Driverless Metro Car recently. Key takeaways State-of-the-art ‘Driverless Metro Car’ for Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) was unveiled at a function held at BEML’s Bangalore Complex. MMRDA project has 63% indigenous content which will enhance to 75% in next two to three years. The Aerospace Assembly Hangar and first indigenously manufactured Tatra Cabin by BEML were also unveiled. Indigenously designed & developed state-of-the-art Driverless Metro trains are being manufactured at BEML Bangaluru Complex. Related articles: India’s First Driverless Metro To Be Inaugurated: Click here Miscellaneous Dzukou Valley The wildfire at Dzukou Valley has been doused after it raged for two weeks. The Dzüko Valley is located at the borders of the states of Nagaland and Manipur. The valley is famous for its wide range of flowers in every season but the most famous one is the Dzüko Lily and it is found only in this valley. Dharashiv Caves DharaShiv caves were in news recently when Maharashtra CM referred to Osmanabad as Dharashiv (named after 6th century caves). Osmanabad is named after the last ruler of Hyderabad, Mir Osman Ali Khan, while Dharashiv is derived from the name for the sixth-century caves near the city. Dharashiv caves are the nexus of 7 caves in Balaghat mountains in Maharashtra. These have been declared as Protected area by Government of Maharashtra. They are believed to be built around 5th-7th century. There have been debates over caves whether they are Buddhist or Jain creations. It is believed that these caves were originally Buddhist, but later some caves were converted to Jain caves. (Mains Focus) INTERNATIONAL/ AGRICULTURE/ GOVERNANCE Topic: GS-3: Transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; GS-2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. GS-2: Policies and politics of developed and developing countries Lessons from Kenya’s agri experiment Context: In the debate on new farm laws, emotions are running high with concerns that small farmers are being pitted against large agri-businesses. Why farmers are protesting against farm laws: Click here and here Why earlier government negotiations have failed: Click here What is the long term solution advocated by experts: Click here Shortcomings in the debates Predictability Factor: The new laws contain mostly untried policies and it is difficult to gauge what might happen when they are implemented International Models: Surprisingly, little of the discussion has drawn on lessons learned from countries that have implemented large-scale policies to encourage agri-businesses. Lack of data: Since the advent of market-oriented policies in the 1980s and 1990s, many governments in developing economies moved away from controlling agricultural markets to encouraging participation by private-sector firms. Evaluation of those policies have been difficult because of a lack of data on farmer-buyer relationships and the complexity of quantifying the many clauses that go into farm policies. Recent research at the London School of Economics (LSE) overcomes these hurdles by examining a decade of high-quality farmer-buyer data from Kenya during a period when it introduced radical farm laws to encourage agri-businesses. Kenya’s agri-Experiment Much in the same way as India is doing now, the Kenyan government introduced new laws with the expectation that the rise of such businesses would transform smallholder agriculture for the better. Over 20 pieces of legislation were repealed to encourage agri-business participation in crop markets that made up over 70% of small farm incomes. It had its expected impact on the rise of agri-businesses. Their (Private players) overall market share as buyers of farm produce almost doubled, reaching 38% by 2010. Was Kenya’s experiment without any flaws? Within the crops that were “liberalised”, the story was not as straightforward. Long run experience was bitter: Soon after the policy was implemented, small farmers became more likely to sell these crops to agri-businesses, especially in areas that were more reliant on these crops due to agro-ecological conditions. But, five years on, many had stopped selling to these businesses. Farm incomes from these crops had fallen. Farmers who were reliant on agri-businesses saw their incomes fall by an average 6%. They sold household assets to maintain their day-to-day consumption Why agri-businesses in Kenya didn’t yield expected results in long run? Initial Gain of market share at expense of others: Kenyan farmers expected to see productivity gains from selling to agri-businesses, which initially gained market share at the expense of other buyers. The ease of doing business increased in buying and marketing. However, in the long run, the productivity didn’t see much increase and consequently farmers’ incomes also fell. Agri-businesses needed more Profits: As agri-businesses moved into these new activities, greater investment outlays and hence greater profitability was needed to finance them. This impacted the payments made to small farmers and thus their incomes. Fewer Buyers over time: Farmers began facing bigger agri-businesses which, on average, saw their profit margins rise by 5%. While some farmers were able to leave their agri-business relationships, many were facing bigger and fewer buyers in crop markets. Key lesson learnt by Kenyan government: In its revised agricultural strategy in 2010, Kenyan policymakers reflected on how small farmers can suffer when ease of doing business is prioritised in markets where there is “no critical mass and enough capacity for the private sector to grow”. Conclusion The Kenyan experience illustrates what can go wrong with large-scale untried policies and what provisions need to be in place to avoid hardship. Of course, this is not to say India will have the same experience. India is certainly in a better economic position in terms of per capita income, about a third higher than Kenya. But there are many common problems in smallholder agriculture, such as low productivity, investments and market access, which keep farm incomes low across India. CULTURE/ SOCIETY/ GOVERNANCE Topic: GS-1: Indian culture GS-2: Fundamental Rights; Judicial activism and Judicial Overreach Jallikattu: Pride & Politics Context: With Assembly polls round the corner in Tamil Nadu, the Pongal festival and Jallikattu, the traditional bull-taming sport, have caught the attention of the Political Parties. In their present efforts to celebrate these cultural symbols ahead of elections, the two national parties have attacked each other over their past stands. What is Jallikattu? A tradition over 2,000 years old, Jallikattu is a competitive sport as well as an event to honour bull owners who rear them for mating. It is a violent sport in which contestants try to tame a bull for a prize; if they fail, the bull owner wins the prize. In an age when the farm sector is largely mechanised, there are no major monetary benefits for bull owners in breeding Jallikattu bulls other than the prizes they get during the Jallikattu events. Traditionally, these used to be a dhoti, a towel, betel leaves, bananas and a cash prize of Rs 101. Over the last two decades, the prizes have included grinders, a fridge and small furniture. The bull-taming sport is popular in Madurai, Tiruchirappalli, Theni, Pudukkottai and Dindigul districts — known as the Jallikattu belt. Jallikattu is celebrated in the second week of January, during the Tamil harvest festival, Pongal. It is a controversial sport which has faced long legal battles over cruelty to animals, and which at the same time is a symbol of Tamil culture. Why is Jallikattu important in Tamil culture? Preservation of Native Breeds: Jallikattu is considered a traditional way for the peasant community to preserve their pure-breed native bulls. Prevents Slaughtering: At a time when cattle breeding is often an artificial process, conservationists and peasants argue that Jallikattu is a way to protect these male animals which are otherwise used only for meat if not for ploughing. Pride associated with rearing premium breeds: Kangayam, Pulikulam, Umbalachery, Barugur and Malai Maadu are among the popular native cattle breeds used for Jallikattu. The owners of these premium breeds command respect locally. Why has Jallikattu been the subject of legal battles? In India, legal battles surrounding animal rights issues emerged in the early 1990s. A notification from the Environment Ministry in 1991 banned the training and exhibition of bears, monkeys, tigers, panthers and dogs, which was challenged by the Indian Circus Organisation in the Delhi High Court. In 1998, dogs were excluded from the notification. Jallikattu first came under legal scrutiny in 2007 when the Animal Welfare Board of India and the animal rights group PETA moved petitions in the Supreme Court against Jallikattu as well as bullock cart races. The Tamil Nadu government, however, worked its way out of the ban by passing a law in 2009, which was signed by the Governor. In 2011, the UPA regime at the Centre added bulls to the list of animals whose training and exhibition is prohibited. In May 2014, days before the BJP was elected to power, the Supreme Court banned the bull-taming sport, ruling on a petition that cited the 2011 notification So, is it legal or banned now? That is the subject of a case pending in the Supreme Court. The state government has legalised these events, which has been challenged in the court. In January 2017, months after the death of Chief Minister J Jayalalithaa, massive protests erupted across Tamil Nadu against the ban, with Chennai city witnessing a 15-day-long Jallikattu uprising. The same year, the Tamil Nadu government released an ordinance amending the central Act and allowing Jallikattu in the state; this was later ratified by the President. PETA challenged the state move, arguing it was unconstitutional. The main question to be resolved is whether the Jallikattu tradition can be protected as a cultural right of the people of Tamil Nadu which is a fundamental right. Article 29 (1) mandates that “any section of the citizens residing in the territory of India or any part thereof having a distinct language, script or culture of its own shall have the right to conserve the same”. In 2018, the Supreme Court referred the Jallikattu case to a Constitution Bench, where it is pending now. Value Addition Like Tamil Nadu, Karnataka too passed a law to save a similar sport, called Kambala. A similar attempt by Maharashtra, too, was challenged in court, before it was passed as a law. Except in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, where bull-taming and racing continue to be organised, these sports remain banned in all other states including Andhra Pradesh, Punjab and Maharashtra due to the 2014 ban order from the Supreme Court. Connecting the dots: Do you think banning the age old tradition of Jallikattu is interference in religious matters of a particular community and hence violative of the Constitution? Critically examine. (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Comments Up-voted by IASbaba are also the “correct answers”. Q.1 India's first air taxi services shall commence from which of the following? Chandigarh to Hisar Mumbai to Nagpur Delhi to to Lucknow Shimla to Mussoorie Q.2 National Innovation Portal has been developed by which of the following? NITI Aayog CSIR National Innovation Foundation - India Ministry of Science and Technology Q.3 Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana comes under which of the following ministry? Ministry of Finance Ministry of Commerce and Industry Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship Q.4 Dharashiv caves, recently seen in news, are located in which of the following state of India? Maharashtra Madhya Pradesh Rajasthan Chhattisgarh ANSWERS FOR 15th January 2021 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 A 2 B 3 D 4 D Must Read On public notices under Special Marriage Act: The Hindu On the second impeachment of Donald Trump: The Hindu On vaccine efficacy needing nutrition booster: Indian Express
HINDI LANGUAGE (COMPULSORY) PAPER - UPSC Civil Services MAINS Examination 2020
HINDI LANGUAGE (COMPULSORY) PAPER - UPSC Civil Services MAINS Examination 2020
IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 1 – ENGLISH & हिंदी): UPSC Mains Answer Writing – ESSAY [16th JANUARY,2021] – Day 6
For Previous TLP (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE Hello Friends, Welcome to IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 1 – ENGLISH & हिंदी): UPSC Mains Answer Writing – ESSAY [16th JANUARY,2021] – Day 6 We will make sure, in the next 100 days not a single day is wasted and your mains preparation is solidified. All your energies are channelized in the right direction. Trust us! This will make a huge difference in your results this time, provided that you follow this plan sincerely every day without fail. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. We are giving 5 Mains Questions on a daily basis so that every student can actively participate and keep your preparation focused. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” To Know More about the Initiative -> CLICK HERE SCHEDULE/DETAILED PLAN – > CLICK HERE 1. Is judicial intervention in governance matters good for a democracy? क्या शासन सम्बसन्धी मामलों में न्यायिक हस्तक्षेप लोकतंत्र के लिए अच्छा है? 2. We may encounter many defeats but we must not be defeated. हम कई पराजयों का सामना कर सकते हैं लेकिन हमें पराजित नहीं होना चाहिए। 3. We can't solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them. हम उसी तरह की सोच का उपयोग करके समस्याओं को हल नहीं कर सकते हैं जब हमने उन्हें बनाया था। 4. A healthy democracy requires a decent society; it requires that we are honorable, generous, tolerant and respectful. एक स्वस्थ लोकतंत्र के लिए एक सभ्य समाज की आवश्यकता होती है; इसके लिए आवश्यक है कि हम प्रतिष्ठित, उदार, सहिष्णु और सम्मानीय हों।
Ace The Prelims (ATP) – 2021– PRELIMS – [16th Jan, 2021] – Day 12
ARCHIVES Hello Friends, Welcome to IASbaba’s Ace The Prelims (ATP) – 2021 – PRELIMS & MAINS – [16th Jan, 2021] – Day 12 UPSC Quiz - 2021 : IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs Quiz 16th January 2021 UPSC CSAT Quiz – 2021: IASbaba’s Daily CSAT Practice Test – 16th January 2021 UPSC Static Quiz – 2021: IASbaba’s Daily Static Quiz (PYQs) – ECONOMICS [Day 16] The way ATP molecules provide energy to every single cell of our body and help us in achieving our day to day tasks, similarly, the ‘Ace the Prelims (ATP) 2021’ Programme will help in providing energy and direction to your prelims preparation and push you beyond the cutoff of Prelims 2021. Ace the Prelims (ATP) – 2021 will include Daily Static Quiz (PYQs) Daily CSAT Practice Test Daily Current Affair Quiz 60 Days Plan (starts from 2nd week of March) To Know More about Ace the Prelims (ATP) 2021 - CLICK HERE Thank You IASbaba
UPSC Static Quiz – 2021: IASbaba’s Daily Static Quiz (PYQs) – ECONOMICS [Day 12]
ARCHIVES DAILY STATIC QUIZ (PYQs) It will cover PYQs all the topics of static subjects – Polity, History, Geography, Economics, Environment and Science and technology. Daily 5 questions (Monday to Saturday) will be posted from static topics (PYQs) The questions will be in the quiz format so you will be able to answer them directly on the portal. Schedule Week 1 – Polity Week 2 – Economics Week 3 – History and Art & Culture Week 4 – Geography Week 5 – Environment and Science & Technology Same cycle will be repeated from Week 6. Make the best use of the initiative. All the best! To Know More about Ace the Prelims (ATP) 2021 - CLICK HERE Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :) After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken and solutions. To take the Test - Click Here
UPSC Quiz - 2021 : IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs Quiz 16th January 2021
For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. We will make sure, in the next 4 months not a single day is wasted. All your energies are channelized in the right direction. Trust us! This will make a huge difference in your results this time, provided that you follow this plan sincerely every day without fail. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” To Know More about Ace the Prelims (ATP) 2021 - CLICK HERE Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :) After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken and solutions. To take the Test - Click Here
UPSC CSAT Quiz – 2021: IASbaba’s Daily CSAT Practice Test – 16th January 2021
ARCHIVES Daily CSAT Practice Test Everyday 5 Questions from Aptitude, Logical Reasoning, and Reading Comprehension will be covered from Monday to Saturday. Make the best use of the initiative. All the best! To Know More about Ace the Prelims (ATP) 2021 - CLICK HERE Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :) After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken and solutions. To take the Test - Click Here
SYNOPSIS [15th JANUARY,2021] Day 5: IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 1): UPSC Mains Answer Writing (General Studies)
For Previous TLP (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE SYNOPSIS [15th JANUARY,2021] Day 5: IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 1): UPSC Mains Answer Writing (General Studies) 1. What is journalistic ethics? What are its key principles? Discuss. Approach Students are expected to write about what is journalistic ethics and also to write about journalistic ethics key principles. Introduction If the foundations of journalism ethics are tracked far enough, one finds that they are based on various international agreements and declarations, such as the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights and regulations of international law. The UNESCO declaration regarding mass media (1978) and the Paris Declaration (1983), which were backed by numerous journalist associations, defined the ethical guidelines more accurately in questions related to media and journalism. Body Journalistic ethics: Journalistic ethics are basically a set of principles, standards, guidelines and code of conduct prepared for professional journalists. It deals with conduct, character and behaviour of a journalist and how he/she works before, during and after the news gathering and dissemination process. The student of journalism or a practicing journalist should realise that there are principles that guide this profession. The prerequisite is to have an understanding of the public function of journalism and the standards by which its aims are met. For example, the journalistic function of keeping the public informed about governmental wrongdoing falls under the commitment of the press to a free and open democracy. According to the basic division, there are two kinds of ethics: duty-based ethics and consequentialist ethics: In the case of journalism, duty-based ethics stress the importance of truth, while consequential ethics focus on societal good. If a journalist thinks that it is most important that a story is true and that the facts are right, they follow duty-based ethics. On the other hand, a journalist may think that the effects of a cause are the most important aspect and, as a result, follow consequentialist ethics. Does the article offend someone? What kind of effects will the publication of the article have? Can the publication of a certain article do more harm than good, even if the facts used are correct? In the US, in 1922, the American Society of Newspaper Editors (ASNE) adopted a set of ethical principles titled "Canons of Journalism', which was later revised and renamed 'Statement of Principles in 1975. The ASNE proposed six key principles; Responsibility, Freedom of the Press, Independence, Truth and Accuracy, Impartiality and Fair Play. Important key principles in the journalistic ethics are as follows: Truth and Accuracy: Journalists cannot always guarantee ‘truth’, but getting the facts right is the cardinal principle of journalism. We should always strive for accuracy, give all the relevant facts we have and ensure that they have been checked. When we cannot corroborate information we should say so. For example avoiding Yellow journalism and paid news. Independence: Journalists must be independent voices; we should not act, formally or informally, on behalf of special interests whether political, corporate or cultural. We should declare to our editors or the audience any of our political affiliations, financial arrangements or other personal information that might constitute a conflict of interest. Fairness and Impartiality: Most stories have at least two sides. While there is no obligation to present every side in every piece, stories should be balanced and add context. Objectivity is not always possible, and may not always be desirable (in the face for example of brutality or inhumanity), but impartial reporting builds trust and confidence. For example avoiding engaging in one-sided media trials as recently done in SSR case, lobbying for personal gains, blackmailing, manipulating news stories, engaging in malicious and defamatory reporting, running propaganda and disinformation campaigns. Humanity: Journalists should do no harm. What we publish or broadcast may be hurtful, but we should be aware of the impact of our words and images on the lives of others. For example avoiding reporting based on communal angle and creating misleading headlines as done in pandemic by few channels on tabligi Jamaat issue. Responsibility and Accountability: A sure sign of professionalism and responsible journalism is the ability to hold ourselves accountable. When we commit errors we must correct them and our expressions of regret must be sincere not cynical. We listen to the concerns of our audience. We may not change what readers write or say but we will always provide remedies when we are unfair. For example recent TRP manipulation by few TV channels in 2020. Conclusion Journalistic ethics is more than a gut feeling of right and wrong. It encompasses a broad set of standards that are under constant review, and you, as a practitioner, must take the ethical responsibilities of the profession seriously at all times, in that way you will bring honour to journalism and see to it that you have helped to maintain the integrity of its practice for future generations. 2. What is the role of education in inculcating values in children? Discuss with the help of suitable examples. Approach Question is straight forward. In the first half of the body importance of education from ancient times can be underlined in imparting value education. Some examples can be given stressing need of character building for nation’s development. Introduction Value education is rooted in Indian philosophy and culture and ingrained in every tradition of Indian culture. Vedas and Upanishads form the source of inspiration for value education. In Vedic period, ashram system of education, guru insisted pupil to follow set of values throughout his life. With the advent of new modern era it is necessary to build characters of moral strength and curious mind. Body University education commission 1948-49 mentioned the various aspects of morality as: loyalty, courage, discipline, self-sacrifice and spirituality. The Secondary Education Commission 1952-53 laid special emphasis on the following values in the formation of character of the students – Efficiency, Good Temper, Cooperation, Integrity and Discipline. But the big question here is how to make value education more effective? Firstly, the moral awareness should be endorsed to orient the progress in science & technology towards the welfare of mankind. Secondly, common values should be re-discovered to unite human beings with the general decline of traditional values. Thirdly, teachers pass values to the students both consciously and unconsciously through their conduct in and out of class rooms. Therefore the need for a formal learning. Fourthly, student might face more complicated decision making situations about issues involving values. They should be helped in developing the ability to make proper choices in such situations through value education. How to inculcate values in students? In school, children are members of a small society that exerts a tremendous influence on their moral development. Teachers serve as role model to students in school; they play a major role in inculcating their ethical behaviour. At the same time, peers at school may also diffuse boldness about cheating, lying, stealing, and consideration for others. Though there are rules and regulations, the educational institutions infuse the value education to the children in an informal way. They play a major role in developing pro-social behaviour in children. What steps can be taken to inculcate values? Teaching Accountability - The children should be encouraged to be accountable for their own actions and should learn to respect and treat others kindly. Playing Role model - The teachers are the first role model to the children outside their family. When the children sees the model showing concern for others, motivating them for their good deeds and cooperating and helpful with their academic issues, the children learn them by observing and imitate it with fellow peers. Teaching Basic morals and values - The children are taught basic morals and values in school. They should be taught by emphasizing the idea through many activities, stories and tales, which will encourage them to engage in more helping behaviours. Appreciation - The teacher should appreciate the children for developing pro-social behaviour, especially for any specific action they have done to help others. Value education cannot be taught like other subjects civics or science however through these values can be inculcated. For example, National Movement can be taught in such a way that it leads to inculcate the values of patriotism, secularism, universal love and tolerance etc. Similarly, World History can help to inculcate values of Liberty, equality and fraternity {French Revolution}, Fundamental Rights and equality {American Revolution}; Science can help to inculcate values of scientific temper, appreciation towards laws of nature; Indian Civics can help to inculcate values of respect to constitution, respect for democracy, secularism, integrity and unity of the country, social, political and economic justice etc. Further, math can help in inculcating the values of honesty and integrity; Geography and environment can help to inculcate values of respect for other’s culture, and world is one family (vasudhaiva kutumbakam). Mahatma Gandhi in his experiment of ‘’nayi taalim’’ stressed on education with work. It is education of body, mind and soul. Rather than looking at education as career option we should look at education as a space for development of character. Conclusion Value education is not just limited to schooling but education institutes form one of the most important influencers in the lives of students. Education empowers character but values show them the direction to exercise power of their knowledge. These Values transform us from human being to being humane. 3. Can right ends justify wrong means? Substantiate your views. Approach As the derivative is substantiate which require you to substantiate already proven point and not debating between the various points. Introduction A common concept in today’s society is the belief that the ends justify the means. This means that people’s action is justified regardless of how they go about achieving their desired end result. For example, if some students of school justified cheating because it could help them pass an examination. As per me right ends cannot justify wrong means as there are always alternatives to reach the right ends. Body Right Ends Cannot Justify Wrong Means The quote of Gandhi that “means are as important as end” stand true as per me as Indeed the Creator has given us control (and that too very limited) over means, none over the end. Realization of the goal is in exact proportion to that of the means. This is a proposition that admits of no exception. For example. If a person wants to cross the ocean, he can do so only by means of a vessel; if he were to use a cart for that purpose, both the cart and he would soon find the bottom. ‘Means are after all everything’. As the means so the end. There is no wall of separation between means and end. For example, we cannot continue getting a good fruit through planting a noxious weed. Even if once, we get than it would be short-lived and will have negative consequences. We have control over the means so belief and faith are leaving end to god and continue doing our work with good and right means. For example, in movie three idiots there is no justification to the action of rancho and Farhan when they stole the examination paper. They could have helped Raju by helping him in his studies or requesting “VIRUS”. The reason the means are important and need to be right irrespective of the ends, is how we get to our goal is just as important as getting there. In other words, destiny tells us what we are to the world, but journey tells who we are; it’s the journey that unlocks our potential and establishes who we are as a person and what motivates us towards action. Conclusion The spiritual weapon of self-purification, intangible as it seems, is the most potent means of revolutionizing one’s environment and loosening external shackles. It works subtly and invisibly; it is an intense process though it might often seem a weary and long-drawn process, it is the straightest way to liberation, the surest and quickest and no effort can be too great for it. What it requires is faith—an unshakable mountain-like faith that flinches from nothing. 4. Why do ethical standards change with time? What does happen when a society fails to adopt new ethical standards? Examine. Approach As there are two parts in the above question each part has to be justified according to the directives given, also a thorough explanation of how societies react to new ethical standards is needed. Moreover, each part of the question must be explained properly with suitable examples. Introduction Ethics seeks to resolve questions of human morality by defining concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong, virtue and vice, justice and crime. As a field of intellectual inquiry, moral philosophy also is related to the fields of moral psychology, descriptive ethics, and value theory. Ethical standards help to navigate the area between what is absolutely right and what is morally wrong. They provide the structure that helps us make a decision we can be proud of in the context of our societal, familial and personal value structures. Body Why ethical standards change with time- Ethical standards in a society themselves evolve over a period of time. Every society has its own accepted standards which guide individual behaviour in general but these standards or general guide lines are themselves influenced by various factors such as God and religion, Human conscience and intuition, a rational moral cost-benefit analysis of actions and their effects, the example of good human beings, a desire for the best for people in each unique situation, political power and ideology. The other major influence in the development of ethics is the passage of time. Ethical standards do not remain fixed, they transform in response to evolving situations. Over time, people change, technology advances, and cultural mores (i.e., acquired culture and manners) shift. What was considered an appropriate or accepted practice one hundred or even fifty years ago may not carry the same moral weight it once did. However, this does not mean ethics and moral behaviour are relative. It simply acknowledges that attitudes change in relationship to historical events and that cultural perspective and the process of acculturation are not stagnant. The major historical periods that have shaped ethics are the age of mercantilism, the Industrial Revolution, the post-industrial era, the Information Age, and the age of economic globalization, to which the rise of the Internet contributed significantly. Each of these periods has had a different impact on ethics and what is considered acceptable ethical practice. Sati a social practise was very much acceptable in the Indian society in the 19th century and was considered a highest standard of ethical behaviour by a woman whose husband has died, but being an inhuman practise and the role played by social reformers a legal change was brought in which banned the practise and society too accepted the change. From the 1940s to the 1970s, cigarettes were as common as water bottles are today. Nearly everyone smoked, from judges in court to factory workers and pregnant women. Edward Bernays, the Austrian-American founder of the field of public relations, promoted smoking among women in a 1929 campaign in New York City in which he marketed Lucky Strike cigarettes as “torches of freedom” that would lead to equality between men and women. However, by the late 1960s, and in the wake of the release of the landmark Surgeon General’s report on “Smoking and Health” on January 11, 1964, it had become clear that there was a direct link between cigarette smoking and lung cancer. Subsequent research has added heart and lung diseases, stroke, and diabetes. This way now smoking has decreased considerably in all parts of the world. When societies fail to adopt new ethical standards- Ethics is important in a society because it grants the members some expectation of consistency and predictability in behaviour/action. Much in the way laws do. Legislating or mandating all behaviour is impossible, so we invent ethical and moral norms to cover the grey areas. Ethics covers the parts of life where no agency or ruling body has made explicit decrees. Or where they shouldn’t make explicit decrees. Once a group has agreed upon a set moral and ethical values, they can proceed relatively uniformly toward a goal. Knowing how people are likely to behave can ease interactions and facilitate exchange. It promotes cooperation and cohesion. A society without clear ethical/moral values and norms will typically experience more conflict in areas concerning “quality of human life”. Any issue that impacts or deals with things that can be referred to as fundamentally “good” or “bad” will be point of contention. Ultimately, ethics takes care of the big and important questions so that we can get on with furthering societal goals Ethical standards are important in every aspect of human life acceptance of new ethical standards is important in order to cope with the changing times brought in by the change in technology, changing environment, Rights of people and internal reformation. When societies fail to accept, the new realities around there are chances of growing discontent and conflicts, environmental degradation, individual mental degradation e.g., rise of terrorism and extremism around the world, global warming, communalism, gender discrimination, corruption etc. Conclusion In India democracy, constitutionalism and culture has played an important role in in maintaining ethical standards which India is known for, but in the wake of rising incidents of communal violence, environmental pollution, corruption and gender issues adoption of new ethical standards which will ensure that individual behaviour is in sync with the modern values. New ethical standards are important for societies to grow and evolve and function properly. 5. Why is lying bad? Why do people abhor liars? Examine. Approach A simple and straightforward question where you need to examine why lying is bad and who do people abhor liars through multiple examples to substantiate your arguments. Introduction Lying is a form of deception, but not all forms of deception are lies. Lying is giving some information while believing it to be untrue, intending to deceive by doing so. Body There are many reasons why people think lying is bad, where reasons may resonate best with people based on the way they think about ethics – Lying is bad because a generally truthful world is a good thing where lying diminishes trust between human beings. If people generally didn't tell the truth, life would become very difficult, as nobody could be trusted and nothing one heard or read could be trusted. Lying is bad because it treats those who are lied to as a means to achieve the liar's purpose, rather than as a valuable end in themselves. Many people think that it is wrong to treat people as means not ends Lying is bad because it makes it difficult for the person being lied to make a free and informed decision about the matter concerned. Lies lead people to base their decisions on false information Lying is bad because it cannot sensibly be made into a universal principle. Many people think that something should only be accepted as an ethical rule if it can be applied in every case. Lying is bad because it's a basic moral wrong. Some things are fundamentally bad - lying is one of them. Lying is bad because it corrupts the liar. Telling lies may become a habit and if a person regularly indulges in one form of wrong-doing they may well become more comfortable with wrong-doing in general. According to many philosophers and experts, in some rare instances, it may be morally acceptable to tell a lie. Disagreements about the morality of a lie seem to stem from ambiguity about the degree to which the lie caused harm. Clearly, people don’t perceive all types of lies as being equally bad and immoral, and this variability seems to be tied to the amount of harm the lies cause. For example, an elderly woman whose family members lied to her about the fact that her son was dying of cancer. Rather than telling the elderly woman that her son was in the hospital, they told her that her son was on a long business trip. They told this lie in an altruistic attempt to spare the elderly woman the emotional pain of learning that her son was dying. Another example can be when a killer asks about whereabouts of one’s neighbour with intention to harm and murder him. What will a person do in this situation? Hold on to truth and allow the neighbour to be robed of his valuables and life. Despite the fact that people advocate telling truth is a virtue, telling a lie is the right thing to do in that particular situation. But generally, lies are considered abhorrent as they hurt the people involved and society in general. This makes people abhor liars as can be seen from the following points – The person who is lied to suffers if they don't find out because they can no longer make an informed choice about the issue concerned and they may make a decision that they would not otherwise have made. Further, they may suffer damage as a result of the lie. At the same time, lies also hurt the liar as he has to be wary of those he's lied to and he will probably suffer harm if he's found out. Further, his own view of his integrity is damaged. Individual conduct in a society is also dictated by a form of social contract where lying is viewed as negative trait in all interactions between humans. Even if the lying is never detected, the piling up of lies tends to make relationships with colleagues, friends, and family members shallower and less meaningful. Overall, the society is repelled by violence as the general level of truthfulness falls where other people may be encouraged to lie. Lying may become a generally accepted practice in some quarters. It becomes harder for people to trust each other or the institutions of society. For example, Bank run can be considered as classic case where societal trust is weakened by lies and results in collapse of institution’s where resulting effects lead to degradation of economic activities. Overall, Social cohesion is weakened. Eventually no-one is able to believe anyone else and society collapses. But at the same time, societies do indulge in lying where it is considered necessary. For example, children are lied to during Christmas with regards to Santa Claus or other events in child’s life are moulded by untruths. These are considered as causing no harm by most of the society. Conclusion Telling lie is an action generally considered to be wrong by most. Telling truth is considered a virtue as much damage is done to others and to society from too much dishonesty. Clearly, lying is an issue worth examining, as many people believe it is a bigger problem today than it has ever been. A recent Time magazine cover story concluded, "Lies flourish in social uncertainty, when people no longer understand, or agree on, the rules governing their behaviour toward one another." TLP HOT Synopsis Day 5 PDF
[MI-STORIES]MOTIVATIONAL AND INSPIRATIONAL STORIES - Let it be
For Previous Story -> CLICK HERE Inspirational Stories: Here is the Fourth story from the new series of Inspirational and Motivational stories. One of the oldest known forms of communication is story telling. There is something primordial within us that loves stories and their tremendous impact. In this series, we aim to bring you the best of real-life stories that can inspire and motivate you. Stories always try to teach us something useful. It is one of the best ways of learning from other's mistakes and avoiding our own. Although each story has its own moral, in the comments section you can share your opinion on the moral of the story. If you are able to see something that others might have missed, you can share it for the benefit of all. Apart from just reading these awesome stories, you can also share some of the stories that have inspired you. If we find the story appropriate and useful, we will share it with all. More importantly, read these stories every week without a miss, and stay inspired. So here is the Fourth story - Let it be: “One day Buddha was walking from one town to another with a few of his followers. While they were traveling, they passed a lake. They stopped and Buddha told one of his disciples; “I am thirsty. Get me some water from that lake.” The disciple walked up to the lake. When he reached it, he noticed that some people were washing clothes in the water and, right at that moment, a bullock cart started crossing through the lake. As a result, the water became very muddy, very turbid. The disciple thought, “How can I give this muddy water to Buddha to drink?” So he came back and told Buddha, “The water is very muddy. I don’t think it is fit to drink.” After about half an hour, again Buddha asked the same disciple to go back to the lake and get him some water to drink. The disciple obediently went back to the lake. This time he found that the lake had clear water in it. The mud had settled down and the water above it looked fit to collect. So he collected some water in a pot and brought it to Buddha. Buddha looked at the water, and then he looked up at the disciple and said, “See what you did to make the water clean? You let it be ... and the mud settled down on its own and you got clear water... Your mind is also like that. When it is disturbed, just let it be. Give it a little time. It will settle down on its own. You don’t have to put in an effort to calm it down. It will happen. It is effortless.” What do you think is the moral of the story?