Jan 13, 2021 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 13th January 2021

Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Khadi Prakritik Paint launched Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – Policies and Interventions  In news  Union Minister for MSME launched an innovative new paint developed by Khadi and Village Industries Commission recently. Key takeaways  The eco-friendly, non-toxic paint is called Khadi Prakritik Paint.  It is a first-of-its-kind product, with anti-fungal, anti-bacterial properties. The paint has been certified by Bureau of Indian Standards.  Khadi Prakritik Paint is available in two forms – distemper paint and plastic emulsion paint. Based on cow dung as its main ingredient, the paint is cost-effective and odorless. The paint is free from heavy metals like lead, mercury, chromium, arsenic, cadmium and others. Do you know?  It will be a boost to local manufacturing and will create sustainable local employment through technology transfer. This technology will increase consumption of cow dung as a raw material for eco-friendly products and will generate additional revenue to farmers and gaushalas.  This is estimated to generate additional income of Rs 30,000 (approx.) per annum per animal to farmers/ gaushalas. Utilization of cow dung will also clean the environment and prevent clogging of drains. Important value additions  The Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC)  It is a statutory body formed in April 1957 (as per an RTI) by the Government of India, under the Act of Parliament, ‘Khadi and Village Industries Commission Act of 1956’.  It is an apex organisation under the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises.  Vision – To plan, promote, facilitate, organise and assist in the establishment and development of khadi and village industries in the rural areas in coordination with other agencies engaged in rural development wherever necessary. In April 1957, it took over the work of former All India Khadi and Village Industries Board. Head office: Mumbai Six zonal offices: Delhi, Bhopal, Bangalore, Kolkata, Mumbai and Guwahati.  Related articles: 1000-yrs Old Monpa Handmade Paper Industry brought alive in AP: Click here Migrant workers engaged in Honey Mission: Click here Parler suspended by Apple, Amazon and Google Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – International Relations & GS-III – Technology In news  Apple, Amazon and Google have suspended the social network called Parler as the platform has not taken enough measures to make sure that content inciting violence remains in check. Key takeaways  Parler is an American alt-tech microblogging and social networking service. It markets itself as a free speech and unbiased alternative to mainstream social networks such as Twitter and Facebook.  Parler also has a significant user base of Donald Trump supporters, conservatives, conspiracy theorists, and right-wing extremists. The suspension came following the events of January 6 when an armed mob of Trump supporters stormed Capitol Hill and clashed with the police as Congress convened to validate Joe Biden’s presidential win. The platform is favoured by right-leaning users and as per media reports was actively used by supporters of US President Donald Trump, including several of those who participated in the Capitol Hill siege. 30th National Energy Conservation Awards (NECA) function organised Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Energy Resources; Conservation In news  Ministry of Power, in association with Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), organised the 30th National Energy Conservation Awards (NECA) function. Key takeaways  During the event, the Standards and Labelling Programme for Air Compressors and Ultra High Definition (UHD) TV was launched on a voluntary basis.  The energy consumption standards will be effective from 01st January 2021. This initiative is expected to save around 8.41 Billion Units of electricity for Air Compressors and 9.75 Billion Units for UHD TV till 2030. SAATHEE (State-wise Actions on Annual Targets and Headways on Energy Efficiency) – A portal for State Designated Agency for state level activities was also launched. BEE has developed this portal.  It will facilitate real-time monitoring of the progress of implementation of various Energy Conservation endeavours at State level. Important value additions  Bureau of Energy Efficiency It is a statutory body under the Ministry of Power, Government of India. It assists in developing policies and strategies.  Objective: Reducing the energy intensity of the Indian economy. Related articles: (DISCOMs) to be covered under the Energy Conservation (EC) Act, 2001: Click here  Management Effectiveness Evaluation Of Indian Zoos (MEE-ZOO) Framework launched Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Environment; Biodiversity In news  The Union Environment Minister launched the Management Effectiveness Evaluation of Indian Zoos (MEE-ZOO) framework. Key takeaways  The framework proposes guidelines, criteria and indicators for evaluation of zoos of India in a manner which is discrete, holistic and independent. The assessment criteria and indicators look beyond the traditional concepts and include issues of animal welfare, husbandry and sustainability of resources and finance. The MEE-ZOO exercise is moving towards developing highest standards in Zoos across India.  It will help in adhering to core values of accountability, transparency, innovation, use of technology, collaboration and integrity to achieve the mandate of conservation of endangered species. North East Venture Fund (NEVF) gains popularity Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Economy In news  The North East Venture Fund (NEVF) is gaining popularity among Start-Ups and young entrepreneurs. Important value additions  The Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region (DoNER) had joined with North Eastern Development Finance Corporation Ltd (NEDFi) to set up the North East Venture Fund. It the first and the only Venture Fund for Northeast with an initial corpus of Rs. 100 crores. The fund targets to invest in Start-Ups and unique business opportunities to provide resources for new entrepreneurships. The main focus of NEVF is for mostly the enterprises involved in Food Processing, Healthcare, Tourism, segregation of services, IT, etc. The investment size with the Venture Fund Scheme ranges between Rs.25 lakhs and Rs. 10 crores with a long term horizon of five to ten years. BSNL and MTNL turn EBITDA positive Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Infrastructure; Economy In news  The State-owned undertakings Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. (BSNL) and Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd. (MTNL) have turned EBITDA positive in first 6 months of this financial year. Key takeaways  EBITDA stands for Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization. EBITDA is a measure of profits. It is a metric used to evaluate a company’s overall financial performance.  EBITDA is now commonly used to compare the financial health of companies and to evaluate firms with different tax rates and depreciation policies. However, EBITDA is not a substitute for analysing a company's cash flow and can make a company look like it has more money to make interest payments than it really does. It also ignores the quality of a company's earnings and can make it look cheaper than it really is. Single Window Clearance Portal launched for coal mining Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Energy resources; Economy In news  Ministry of Coal launched Single Window Clearance Portal.  It is a unified platform that facilitates grant of clearances and approvals required for starting a coal mine in India. Key takeaways  Single Window Clearance Portal is in the spirit of Minimum Government and Maximum Governance.  It would be a milestone for Ease of Doing Business in the Indian Coal Sector.  Presently, about 19 major approval or clearances are required to be obtained before starting a coal mine in the country. The Portal will map only the relevant application formats and also process flow for grant of approval or clearances. Do you know?  The portal was launched in an event organized in New Delhi to execute agreements with successful bidders of India’s first ever commercial coal mine auctions. Recently, 19 successful bidders were allotted mines under the country's first commercial coal mining auction.  This will give the states estimated revenue of about Rs 6,500 crore per year and will also create more than 70,000 jobs. Miscellaneous Sea Vigil 21 The second edition of the biennial pan-India coastal defence exercise ‘Sea Vigil-21’ will be conducted on 12-13 January 2021. The exercise will be undertaken along the entire 7516 km coastline and Exclusive Economic Zone of India.  It will involve all the 13 coastal States and Union Territories along with other maritime stakeholders, including the fishing and coastal communities. The exercise is being coordinated by the Indian Navy. The exercise is a build up towards the major Theatre level exercise TROPEX [Theatre-level Readiness Operational Exercise] which Indian Navy conducts every two years. SEA VIGIL and TROPEX together will cover the entire spectrum of maritime security challenges, including transition from peace to conflict. (Mains Focus) FEDERALISM/ POLITY Topic: General Studies 2: Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States Issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure Power tussle in Puducherry: Between Lt. Governor and Chief Minister Context: The recent three-day-long protest, led by Puducherry Chief Minister V. Narayanasamy, under the banner of the Secular Democratic Progressive Alliance, against Lieutenant Governor Kiran Bedi. Why is CM of Puducherry protesting against Lt. Governor? Interference in Day-to-day affairs: The ruling alliance has accused the lieutenant governor of interfering in the day-to-day affairs of the government and impeding its development plans. Appointment to State Election Commission: They have been at loggerheads over many matters, most recently on the appointment of the State Election Commissioner, an office critical to holding elections to local bodies in the Union Territory.  Implementation Mode of Welfare Scheme: The council of Ministers headed by CM prefers to distribute rice, clothes and other freebies to the beneficiaries through fair price shops and other government agencies. While Lt. Governor Bedi insists on the DBT mode for implementing government welfare schemes. Democratic Participation: The police asked the director of higher and technical education to issue an advisory to all students to refrain from participating in the protest against the lieutenant governor. Earlier police allegedly used force to disperse students taking part in a protest organised by the Congress, demanding that the Centre sanction 10% reservation for government school students in MBBS course. Demand of the Agitation: The agitation was meant to highlight the demand of the Congress and its allies for the recall of the Lt Governor. The elected government accuse Lt. Governor Ms. Kiran Bedi of “functioning in an autocratic manner” and adopting an “obstructionist attitude” in ensuring the progress and welfare of people. What is the argument by Lt. Governor? On her part, Ms. Bedi has advised CM to refrain from misleading the public about the Centre and her office. She has even attributed his “anguish and disappointment” possibly to the “diligent and sustained care” exercised by the Lt Governor’s secretariat “in ensuring just, fair and accessible administration following the laws and rules of business scrupulously”. Previous instances of Power Tussle between CM and Lt. Governor  Nominated Members in Legislative Assembly: In July 2017, members of the Congress protested against the induction of three nominated members of the BJP into the Assembly by the Centre without the approval of the chief minister. Governance & Policy Making: In 2018, Lt. Governor Bedi announced that the government’s free rice distribution scheme to villagers would be made conditional to the certification that the village is free from open defecation, garbage and plastic. The CM claimed Bedi’s move was against the NFSA, 2013 and that the lieutenant governor cannot issue an order and implement it without his consultation Public Sector Undertakings: In 2019, a similar protest was staged by the CM demanding reopening of closed industrial units and public sector undertakings.  New Year Celebration amidst Pandemic: On December 31, 2020, Bedi objected to the government’s move to allow New Year celebrations in view of the pandemic and urged the government to ban it. However, CM was firm on his decision and said no one had the power or authority to ban New Year celebrations, adding that the UT is linked intrinsically with French culture and has a separate identity. Critical Analysis of the ongoing protest Political reasons: With the Assembly election likely in April or May, CM leading the protest against the Lt Governor can be an act of political mobilisation and seems to be his strategy to ward off any criticism against his government’s “non-functioning” by laying the blame at the doorstep of the Lt Governor. LG can be Accommodative: The Centre itself did not see any great virtue in the DBT mode when it decided to give additional food grains (rice or wheat) free of cost at five kg per person a month to ration cardholders during April-November 2020 as a relief measure during the COVID-19 pandemic.  Common Man Impacted: The power tussle between LG and CM slows down the daily administrative activities whereby the public will have to bear the cost of not getting proper services which he is entitled to. Need for Centre’s Intervention: With the near breakdown of communication between the Lt Governor and the Chief Minister, the Centre should step in, in the interest of smooth administration. What are the powers of LG of Puducherry? Government of Union Territories Act, 1963 provides for a Legislative Assembly of Pondicherry, with a Council of Ministers to govern the “Union Territory of Pondicherry”. It states that the UT will be administered by the President of India through an Administrator (LG). It also has following provisions. Extent of legislative power - MLAs “may make laws for the whole or any part of the Union Territory with respect to any of the matters enumerated in the State List or the Concurrent List”. Council of Ministers – The Council of Ministers headed by a Chief Minister will “aid and advise the Administrator in the exercise of his functions in relation to matters with respect to which the Legislative Assembly of the Union Territory has power to make laws”. Discretion of LG: Section 44 of the Union Territories Act, 1963, allows the LG to “act in his discretion” in the matter of law-making, even though the Council of Ministers has the task of aiding and advising him. In case of a difference of opinion between the LG and his Ministers on any matter, the Administrator is bound to refer it to the President for a decision and act according to the decision given by the President.  However, the Administrator can also claim that the matter is urgent, and take immediate action as he deems necessary. Relation with CoM: The manner in which the LG functions vis-à-vis the elected government (Council of Ministers) is also spelt out in the Rules of Business of the Government of Pondicherry, 1963, issued on June 22, 1963. The Administrator exercises powers regulating the conditions of service of persons serving in the UT government, in consultation with the Chief Minister. In case the LG has a difference of opinion with the Chief Minister, he can refer the matter to the central government for the decision of the President. Value Addition Both Delhi and Puducherry has an elected legislature and government but the powers of the LG of Puducherry are different from the ones of the LG of Delhi. The LG of Delhi has “Executive Functions” that allow him to exercise his powers in matters connected to public order, police and land “in consultation with the Chief Minister, if it is so provided under any order issued by the President under Article 239 of the Constitution”. While the LG of Delhi is also guided by the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi Act, 1991, and the Transaction of Business of the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi Rules, 1993, the LG of Puducherry is guided mostly by the Government of Union Territories Act, 1963. Articles 239 and 239AA of the Constitution, as well as the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi Act, 1991, clearly underline that Delhi is a UT, where the Centre, whose eyes and ears are the LG, has a much more prominent role than in Puducherry. Under the constitutional scheme, the Delhi Assembly has the power to legislate on all subjects except law and order and land. However, the Puducherry Assembly can legislate on any issue under the Concurrent and State Lists. If the law is in conflict with a law passed by Parliament, the law passed by Parliament prevails. Simply put, the LG of Delhi enjoys greater powers than the LG of Puducherry. INTERNATIONAL/ SECURITY Topic: General Studies 2: Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate.  Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests Reclaiming SAARC from the ashes of 2020 Context: Thirty-six years after it first began, the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), appears to be all but dead in the water.  Suspended in action: The year 2020 marked the sixth year since the leaders of the eight nations that make up SAARC were able to meet.  Impact of weakening SAARC: India-Pakistan issues have impacted other meetings of SAARC as well, making it easier for member countries, as well as international agencies to deal with South Asia as a fragmented group rather than a collective India’s Stand on not attending SAARC: PM Modi on the SAARC charter day on December 8, made it clear that India’s position on cross-border terrorism from Pakistan that led India to refuse to attend the SAARC summit in 2016 in Islamabad, is still in place. Why India needs to rethink its position on SAARC? Pakistan’s undue influence: India’s problems with Pakistan on terrorism, territorial claims and on its role in blocking SAARC initiatives on connectivity and trade are well known. Even so, India’s refusal to allow Pakistan to host the SAARC summit because of those problems is akin to giving Pakistan a ‘veto’ over the entire SAARC process.  Contradictory actions by India: PM Modi and cabinet ministers continued to attend Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) meetings along with their Pakistani counterparts, including the SCO Heads of Government meeting in November where New Delhi even invited Pakistan PM Imran Khan (he deputed another official). India’s dealing with other neighbours: While China’s incursions in Ladakh and the Galwan killings constituted the larger concern in the year, India did not decline to attend meetings with the Chinese leadership at the SCO, RIC trilateral, the G-20 and others. No concerns over territorial claims stopped the Indian government from engaging with Nepal either, despite Mr. K.P. Sharma Oli’s decision to change Nepal’s map and Constitution to include Indian territories. Pandemic induced challenges: Reviving SAARC is crucial to countering the common challenges brought about by the pandemic. South Asia’s unique experience with Pandemic, Vaccine distribution challenges, economic recovery especially tourism sector revival are some challenges that can be dealt effectively by close coordination by member countries Suitable time for regional approach: While it will be impossible for countries to cut themselves off from the global market entirely, regional initiatives will become the “Goldilocks option” (not too hot and not too cold), or the happy medium between globalisation and hyper-nationalism.  Countermeasure to China: In dealing with the challenge from China too, both at India’s borders and in its neighbourhood, a unified South Asian platform remains India’s most potent countermeasure. Experts suggest that it is only a matter of time before Beijing holds a meeting of all SAARC countries (minus India and Bhutan), for they are all part of the BRI, and even that they will be invited to join RCEP, which India declined. Original logic of SAARC still holds true: Despite the despondency, the rationale for SAARC existence remains intact: while history and political grievances may be perceived differently, geography is reality.  Conclusion New Delhi must find its own prism with which to view its South Asian neighbourhood as it should be: a unit that has a common future, and as a force-multiplier for India’s ambitions on the global stage. (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note:  Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers.  Comments Up-voted by IASbaba are also the “correct answers”. Q.1 Consider the following statements regarding the Khadi and Village Industries Commission:  It is an autonomous body.  It functions under the ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. Which of the above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2 Consider the following statements regarding North East Venture Fund:  It is the only venture fund of the northeast.  The initial Corpus is of Rs. 1000 crores. Which of the above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.3 Sea-vigil 2021 will be conducted between which of the following countries?  India and Japan  India and Russia  India and Afghanistan  None of the above Q.4 Bureau of Energy Efficiency is a statutory body under which of the following Ministry?  Ministry of Power  Ministry of Trade and Commerce  Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate change  Ministry of Finance ANSWERS FOR 12th January 2021 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 A 2 B 3 A Must Read About criticism of vaccine trial: The Hindu On Arab’s reconciliation with Qatar: The Hindu About criticism of Supreme Court’s dealing of farmers protest: The Indian Express

Jan 13, 2021 Important Articles

UPSC MAINS PAPER 2020 (GS 2): ANALYSIS, APPROACH and REFERENCES - How IASbaba was Helpful

Dear Aspirants What do you think real happiness is? For us, it is the sense of achievement which one receives after putting in efforts to get something and then reaping the desired results. Today we would like to share our happiness with you. For the past 6 years, we have been doing one thing with great passion and dedication. Yes! We love to guide the Civil Service aspirants. We have channelised all our energies and dedicated all our efforts into creating an ecosystem that gives every aspirant a chance to crack the prestigious civil services examination with Rank-1, even if he/she is in the remotest corner of the country. In this process, we have developed, designed, and dedicated a series of initiatives for Civil Services Exam preparation. The quality of these initiatives has been proven time and again. It has become a norm to have high Hit Ratios in Prelims and Mains from the initiatives of IASbaba, namely Integrated Learning Programme (ILP) and Think Learn and Perform (TLP). For the last 6 years, we have managed to hit the bull’s eye when it comes to GS Mains papers. This article is not to boast about the Hit Ratio of our initiatives in any case. It would not be right to say that these many questions, directly or indirectly came from our initiatives just by using keywords of the UPSC questions. In that way, if we frame questions over the year on all keywords in the UPSC syllabus our hit ratio will be 100%. However, you are smart enough to analyse the importance of our initiatives and its very close resemblance to actual UPSC papers. Rather than focusing on the numbers try to focus on the significance of these initiatives and make them a part of your preparation. Hard work should be done smartly to have a better Input-Output ratio of efforts and results. Below we have come up with the Analysis and Approach for each question of General Studies (GS) Paper 2 that was asked by UPSC along with the links and references of IASbaba questions/ articles. After going through this article, you will realise that just by sincerely following the initiatives on our platform, your chances of success in the Mains stage would have increased dramatically. [QUESTION PAPER] GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 2 (GS2) – UPSC CIVIL SERVICES (CSE) MAINS EXAMINATION 2020 - CLICK HERE NOTE: PDF of Analysis is provided at the end of the post. [VIDEO] GS1 GS2, GS3, GS4 & ESSAY ANALYSIS - UPSC MAINS 2020 by IASbaba -> CLICK HERE   OVERVIEW of GENERAL STUDIES (GS) PAPER 2:  Prima Facie the paper appears to be on the easier side but that is not the case. The questions asked were of moderate level and however, most of them were on expected lines. It was a good mix of fundamental and applied part. To score high in this paper, one needs to be well aware of several important articles and amendments of the Indian constitution along with current affairs, because most of the questions appearing in the GS-2 paper has a direct link with recent happenings. Also, one needs to include recent commissions, reports, and its recommendations in the answers. Let us take a few questions from International Relations - USA's election and role of the diaspora, COVID-19 and role of WHO, QUAD alliance were in news everywhere as USA's Pacific doctrine has India and Japan playing a key role and US & Russia balancing act by India. Anyone who is following the news of the last 6-7 months would have answered it with a lot of facts. Also, this time the paper was such that one needs to devote at least 30-40 seconds per question to read and understand what is the basic demand and which part needs to be addressed. For instance, "Recent amendments to RTI having an impact on the Information Commission. Explain." Here while reading on the first instance, there are chances of misunderstanding and explaining the power and functions of the Information commission but the actual demand of the question is about how amendments have impacted the Information Commission, each point should point out to specific amendment and how it impacts the latter. There were four questions on International relations and sixteen questions on Indian polity and governance. Q.1) “There is a need for simplification of Procedure for disqualification of persons found guilty of corrupt practices under the Representation of Peoples Act”. Comment (Answer in 150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT /APPROACH: This is a direct question with respect to the Representation of Peoples Act and requires that a candidate knows what are the provisions regarding disqualification in RPA Act and how these provisions are not simplified in nature and therefore there is a need for reform in this aspect. First write what are the provisions related to disqualification which are mentioned in the Representation of people’s Act, such as section 123 and section 8 of the act. Further, write how these provisions have proved inadequate to deal with the corrupt practices such as the case relating to Lalu Prasad Yadav who was not debarred from election until he was convicted and therefore there is a need to reform this act and the procedure. Here for simplification, you can suggest a tribunal to deal with the cases in fast track manner and also amending the RPA act to bar the candidate even at the trial stage for the heinous crimes and corrupt practices. IASBABA REFERENCE: TLP Plus Test 7, Question 1(2020) https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/06/day-9-q-5-what-are-your-views-on-the-numbers-of-incumbent-legislators-having-serious-criminal-charges-against-them-what-measures-can-be-taken-to-ensure-a-cleaner-legislature-suggest/ Q.2) “Recent amendments to the Right to Information Act will have profound impact on the autonomy and independence of the Information Commission”. Discuss. (Answer in 150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT /APPROACH: The question requires basic information about what is Right to Information Act 2005 and what are the recent amendment (made in 2019) which will impact the autonomy and independence of the information commission. This is a simple question as the right to information act and its amendments were in news for the past one year. Mentions provisions of RTI Amendment Bill 2019: which seeks to amend Sections 13, 16, and 27 of the RTI Act. The amendment threatens RTI through provisions such as: CIC’s fixed term of 5 years has been changed to “term as may be prescribed by the Central Government” The salaries, allowances and other terms of service of the Chief Information Commissioner and the Information Commissioners “shall be such as may be prescribed by the Central Government” which were earlier equivalent to Chief Election Commissioner. After writing these points link how these provisions dilute the autonomy and independence of the Information commission and what impacts it may have on overall idea of information sharing and good governance. IASBABA REFERENCE: https://iasbaba.com/2020/12/synopsis-15th-december2020-day-56-iasbabas-tlp-phase-2-upsc-mains-answer-writing-general-studies/ https://iasbaba.com/2020/07/day-44-q-2-critically-assess-the-efficacy-of-the-right-to-information-rti-as-a-tool-of-accountability-and-transparency-in-governance/  Q.3) How far do you think cooperation, competition and confrontation have shaped the nature of federation in India? Cite some recent examples to validate your answer. (150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT /APPROACH: This question is based on the issue of federalism and how the Indian federation has been shaped by three key concepts which are cooperation, competition and confrontation and then each term needs to be explained and examined under the current circumstances by giving examples from recent times. Cooperation: Here the candidate can mention how through Niti aayog and zonal councils the Centre and states cooperate with each other in institutional manner while in recent times in the aftermath of lockdown imposed by COVID 19 the cooperation for solving migrant crisis as well the enhancement of testing facilities. Competition: There is competition between different states especially after 1991 economic reforms of parameter of attracting FDI and GDP growth rate. Further the recent parameters of ease of doing business, logistic index, Swachh Bharat Sarvekshan. Confrontation: Historical the confrontation is focused on sharing of waters and taxes between the states and also on the issue of the president's rule under article 356, the jurisdiction of CBI. In recent times it can be seen in issues like sharing of taxes under GST Act, then the issue of recent farm bills, curtailing of jurisdiction of CBI by Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, and sharing of water between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu of river Kaveri IASBABA REFERENCE: https://iasbaba.com/2020/05/cooperative-federalism-amidst-covid-19/ https://iasbaba.com/2020/01/indian-constitution-unitary-tilt-future-federal-challenges/  Q.4) The judicial system in India and UK seem to be converging as well as diverging in recent times. Highlight the key points of convergence and divergence between the two nations in terms of their judicial practices. (150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT /APPROACH: This is a tricky question. The student needs to know what are the similarities and the differences between the judicial system of India and the United Kingdom. Further the candidate needs to give some examples to substantiate her/his points and focus on some recent issues where both the judicial system and have converged and diverged. Here the candidate can focus on how there are similarities such as instrument of writ petitions to uphold rule of law, judicial independence, and how judiciary of both nations can review the acts of administration and executives. While there are divergences such the scope of judicial review with Indian judiciary is far much wider than that available to the judiciary of UK, such as in UK the judiciary cannot review the acts made by parliament, next the special leave petition of Supreme Court of India has no parallel in UK. Further in India judges are appointed by collegium system while in UK there is a judicial appointment commission. In recent issues it can be focused on how the act of sedition is no longer valid in the United Kingdom while it is often lay used in India, further the contempt of court proceedings are rare in UK while in India it has been used a seen in recent examples of Prashant Bhushan case. IASBABA REFERENCE: https://iasbaba.com/2019/04/rstv-ias-upsc-sedition-law-and-the-debate/ https://iasbaba.com/2020/07/contempt-of-court-prashant-bhushan-controversy/ Q.5) ‘Once a Speaker, Always a speaker’! Do you think this practice should be adopted to impart objectivity to the office of the Speaker of Lok Sabha? What could be its implication for the robust functioning of parliamentary business in India? (150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT /APPROACH: This question is based on the role of the Speaker. In recent time as it has been seen that the role of Speaker has come into contention between the opposition and the ruling parties for its partial behaviour. Therefore, the question demands from the candidate to examine how the ‘Office of Speaker’ can be made impartial to impart the robust functioning of Parliament of business in India. Here write how Speaker plays a crucial role in issues such as disqualification under the Anti-defection law, the validation of money bill, maintaining the decorum in assembly, passing of critical motions like censure motion and no confidence motion and how the current system of appointing speaker from ruling party without any procedure to keep the post impartial is hampering its role and leads to subjective interpretation of issues rather than objectivity needed in a parliamentary democracy. In suggestions to make the post impartial write about changing the provisions related to speaker such as resigning from the party, or making the post secure. Further write how it will lead to more comprehensive debates, more balanced emphasis to opposition parties and bringing more credibility to the institutions of Speaker. IASBABA REFERENCE: https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/11/day-26-q-5-in-the-light-of-the-changing-parliamentary-dynamics-the-role-of-the-speaker-must-be-reassessed-and-recalibrated-to-make-parliamentary-proceedings-more-effective-and-efficient-comment/ https://iasbaba.com/2020/01/speakers-role-in-disqualification/ Q.6) In order to enhance the prospects of social development, sound and adequate health care policies are needed in the fields of geriatric and maternal health care. Discuss (Answer in 150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This is a question about Inclusive growth. One needs to bring out the importance of taking the healthcare needs of the Old age population and Women. First bring out the unique problems/ needs of women: Institutional deliveries, awareness about cancers, Women’s health impact on new born babys health, Maternal mortality ratio, adolescent health, reproductive health and access to medicines etc. Likewise, bring out the unique problems/ needs of the old age population: desertion by family members, lack of specialised old age care, lack of social safety net to take care of health needs, insurance penetration, inadequate old age homes etc. Then, mention how government programmes towards Old age and women’s health care are inadequate and are not aligned to take care of the unique needs of women & old age people. Later, elaborate on the measures that need to be taken so as to take care of healthcare needs of women & old age. IASBABA REFERENCE: https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/07/day-29-q-3-the-old-population-will-pose-serious-socio-economic-challenges-in-the-future-discuss-what-measures-can-be-taken-to-manage-those-suggest/ TLP Test 11 Q13. How should India plan to cater to its ageing population in the next couple of decades? Are India’s institutions and social security nets equipped to bear the burden of a burgeoning dependent population? Critically examine Q.7) “Institutional quality is a crucial driver of economic performance”. In this context, suggest reforms in Civil Service for Strengthening Democracy. (Answer in 150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This is a direct question on reforms needed in Civil Services. It is asked in the context of government launching Mission Karmayogi. First, you need to bring out the interlinkage between robust bureaucracy and economic growth (transaction & compliance cost, upholding rule of law, level playing field, fair market competition, attracting investments). You can take the example of “Policy Paralysis” that occurred in UPA2 to bring out this interlinkage. Next, bring out the existing impediments in Civil Service (silos approach, lack of expertise, red-tapism, ineffective grievance redressal mechanism, hierarchical, conservative, lacks innovation, lack of standardised training). Then, suggest the appropriate measures to plug these impediments. You can conclude by quoting how Mission Karmayogi is trying to alter the landscape of Civil Service in India. IASBABA REFERENCE: TLP Plus Test 17 Q1: 1. How critical is civil services reform in the ‘good governance’ discourse? Substantiate. https://iasbaba.com/2020/09/mission-karmayogi-national-programme-for-civil-services-capacity-building-npcscb/ Q.8) “The emergence of Fourth Industrial Revolution (Digital Revolution) has initiated e-Governance as an integral part of government”. Discuss (Answer in 150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: In this question, you need to bring out the interlinkage between the Digital revolution and governance. First mention the meaning of the Fourth Industrial revolution by contrasting it with the other three revolutions: First was driven by Steam power, the second was driven by electric power, third was driven by electronic power, the fourth is being driven by data & AI Mention some statistics to show that the world and India, in particular, is witnessing a Digital revolution (increasing smartphone penetration, low internet cost, increasing UPI transactions) Then, mention about Digital India mission and how it is playing key role in creating robust and efficient institutions of governance IASBABA REFERENCE: https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/02/day-71-q-2-the-world-economic-forum-has-announced-a-new-center-for-the-fourth-industrial-revolution-in-india-what-is-4th-industrial-revolution-what-impact-can-it-have-on-indian-economy/ TLP Plus Test: Q 11. Examine the role of Digital India in creating robust and efficient institutions of governance. Q.9) Critically examine the role of WHO in providing global health security during the COVID-19 Pandemic (Answer in 150 words)  LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This is a question asked in the context of Criticisms mounted on WHO for its inefficient handling of COVID-19. Mention how there was a delay in declaring COVID-19 as Public Health Emergency of International Concern. This led to delay in closing of National Boundaries thus effectively spreading the virus across the globe. Then, mention how WHO dithered from effectively discharging its duties in finding the roots of COVID-19 outbreak ostensibly under the pressure of China. You can further elaborate on how politicisation of international body like WHO can impact the Global Health Security. You can also touch upon the USA’s withdrawal from WHO, its funding pattern, and Vaccine Nationalism to underscore how WHO credibility has worsened in crucial times. You can conclude by saying how India can play role in strengthening the institution. IASBABA REFERENCE: https://iasbaba.com/2020/05/diplomatic-tussle-at-who/ https://iasbaba.com/2020/08/vaccine-nationalism/ Q.10) “Indian diaspora has a decisive role to play in the politics and economy of America and European Countries”. Comment with examples. (Answer in 150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This is a direct question on the significance of Indian Diaspora in West. Indian Diaspora plays a pivotal role in Europe & America in the following ways Electoral Power: Significant Population in these countries thus occupying high office (Kamala Harris, Canada Defence Minister, UK Parliamentarians etc) Economic Power (funding activities) Technology (Google, Microsoft headed by Indians thus they do play key role in driving investment to India) Soft power (influencing culture through celebration of festivals, YOGA, ISKON movement etc) Power to steer bilateral relations (ex: Indo-US Nuclear deal) One can touch upon the above aspects by giving more examples. Thus Diplomacy is now not restricted to Heads of State but has percolated down to the Public as they do indeed have the power to steer geopolitical relations. IASBABA REFERENCE: https://iasbaba.com/2020/12/day-58-q-1-indias-influential-diaspora-is-a-big-strategic-asset-for-india-do-you-agree-comment/ TLP Plus Test 17: Q19: 19. People of Indian origin are playing a prominent role in the domestic politics in many countries. How does it shape India’s efforts and outreach to India’s global diaspora? Discuss. Q.11) Indian Constitution exhibits centralising tendencies to maintain unity and integrity of the nation. Elucidate in the perspective of the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897; The Disaster Management Act, 2005 and recently passed Farm Acts. LINE OF THOUGHT /APPROACH: This question can be divided in two parts wherein the first part you need to address that how Indian constitution has centralising features which were incorporated for maintaining the unity and integrity of India while in the second part you need to comment on how the three different acts the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897; The Disaster Management Act, 2005 and recently passed Farm Acts mentioned above are helpful to maintain integrity and unity of India. Centralising features which can be mentioned: Provisions of Emergency, Presidents rule, All India services, Integrated Judiciary, Sharing of revenue through Finance commission, concurrent list and residual powers available with the central government. In second part write how the acts mentioned give centre the powers to issue various directions to state governments and how all these are visible in current context of Indian polity. For example, the farm acts has been implemented under the concurrent list, therefore the laws of centre will be upheld even if states opposed. This will lead to uniformity across farm sectors and help alleviate the deprivation of farmers, the disaster management act has been enacted under the residual powers and therefore was used in COVID 19 pandemic for a united fight against the epidemic and also to upheld integrity of India in such crucial times. IASBABA REFERENCE: https://iasbaba.com/2020/01/indian-constitution-unitary-tilt-future-federal-challenges/ https://iasbaba.com/2020/09/new-agriculture-bills-and-opposition-to-it/ https://iasbaba.com/2020/03/epidemic-disease-act-1897/ https://iasbaba.com/2020/08/day-50-q-1-what-are-the-institutional-and-legal-arrangements-in-place-to-address-pandemics-in-india-how-have-the-paned-out-during-covid-19-examine/ Q.12) Judicial legislation is antithetical to the doctrine of separation of powers as envisaged in the Indian Constitution. In this context justify the filing of large number of public interest petitions praying for issuing guidelines to executive authorities. LINE OF THOUGHT /APPROACH: In this question candidates are expected to write about how judiciary is adventuring into the legislative and executive domain and how it is antithetical to separation of powers while in the next part the candidate needs to address and link separation of powers in relation to public interests petitions which call upon judiciary to intervene. Here the candidate should start by defining separation of powers and provisions of Indian constitution like Directive principle of State policy Article 50 which exhibit it explicitly. Then comment on the need of separation of power and how the recent cases where judicial overreach was visible that is in case of banning of BS4 vehicle and also banning of alcohol on the roads. Both these issues were the domain of executive action. In next part write how the intrusion of judiciary in legislative domain is mainly as people are agitated by the lethargic attitude of legislators to deal with issues of critical importance and therefore the judiciary have come to the rescue. The right to Liberty, Equality and Life of Indian citizens was visible in issuing of Vishakha guidelines, formation of EPCA in Delhi to handle pollution and various electoral reforms such as declaring the assets and educational information of candidates. IASBABA REFERENCE: https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/06/day-8-q-3-has-the-judiciary-been-adventuring-into-the-executive-domain-of-late-what-can-be-its-implications-analyse-with-the-help-f-suitable-examples/ https://iasbaba.com/2020/06/day-7-q-2-what-are-your-views-on-the-frequent-directions-issued-by-the-courts-to-the-central-and-state-governments-with-respect-to-governance-and-administration-is-it-a-good-practice-critically-c/ Q.13) The strength and sustenance of local institutions in India has shifted from their formative phase of ‘functions, functionaries and funds’ to the contemporary stage of’ functionality’. Highlight the critical challenges faced by local institutions in terms of their functionality in recent times. LINE OF THOUGHT /APPROACH: The question demands the candidate to do a comparative analysis of the situation of how the local governance and its institution from the initial phase of focus on the aspects of ‘functions functionaries and funds’ has shifted their focus towards the functionality of these institutions in recent times. While in the next part of the question the candidate needs to analyse what are the critical challenges which are being faced by local institution in current times. Here in the first part the candidate can write about how after the formation of the local institutions like the gram panchayat and the urban local bodies in its initial year’s until recently was focused on the basic needs of an institution like funding, devolution of functions, and appointing of functionaries. While in next part candidate needs to address how in current times the local institutions are facing issues such as encroachment in their functioning by various parastatal bodies of the state such as water development bodies, smart city special purpose vehicle, the appointment of the commissioner by the state in municipal bodies and gram Sevak at panchayat level, lack of capacity to deal with issues such as climate change, Suburban sprawl, demographic change. IASBABA REFERENCE: TLP Test 2(2020) Questions No. 19 https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/10/day-9-q-1-one-of-the-major-reasons-for-the-failure-of-the-local-self-government-institutions-in-india-has-been-half-hearted-devolution-of-powers-to-them-elucidate/ https://iasbaba.com/2020/06/day-6-q-2-why-is-financial-devolution-a-critical-factor-for-the-success-of-local-governance-substantiate-your-response-with-the-help-of-suitable-examples/ Q.14) Rajya Sabha has been transformed from’ useless Stepney tire’ to the most useful supportive organ in past few decades. Highlight the factors as well as areas in which this transformation could be visible. LINE OF THOUGHT /APPROACH: Here the question is based on the static part of the syllabus which can be easily answered from books such as polity by M.Laxmikant. The candidate here needs to address the importance of the Rajya Sabha and how in recent decades the role of Rajya Sabha has been enhanced in the first part of the question. In the next part, the candidate needs to analyse what are the factors responsible for this change by highlighting the areas where this change is visible. In the past few decades the factors which have been responsible for the transformation of Rajya Sabha into an essential organ are: Coalition Governments which require a wider consensus and where no single party has a majority. Prime Minister being part of the Rajya Sabha. As head of government, he imparts Rajya Sabha with enhanced weightage. The requirement of informed opinion on the issues such as climate change, surrogacy law, DNA bill. Increased principle of Federalism in Indian polity and the rise of regional parties. The areas where this change is visible Role of Rajya Sabha in enacting legislation of importance like the RTI act and also in opposing discriminatory legislation such as POTA act 2003. Making the government’s accountable by the passing of amendments to the President’s address. Making government to agree on amendments on important legislation of the Lokpal Act and Food Security Act 2013. The support of Rajya Sabha in passing critical bills like the abrogation of article 370 was crucial. IASBABA REFERENCE: https://iasbaba.com/2020/05/is-the-rajya-sabha-essential/ https://iasbaba.com/2016/10/synopsis-iasbabas-tlp-2016-21st-sep-upsc-mains-gs-questions-hot/ Q.15) Which steps are required for constitutionalisation of a commission? Do you think imparting constitutionality to the national commission for women would ensure greater gender justice and empowerment in India? Give reasons.  LINE OF THOUGHT /APPROACH: The question expects candidate to address the basic keyword of constitutionalisation and suggest the procedure to constitutionalise any commission and highlight on whether giving constitutional status to NCW will ensure gender justice and empowerment of women with providing various reasons. Here candidate can compare working of constitutional bodies such as NCST NCSC and their ineffectiveness and being merely a recommending body such as how these bodies just play an advisory role and lack any implementation of its recommendations and also its lacks the independence as appointments are made by executives dominantly. This needs to be balanced with how there are certain positives of giving constitutional status such as reports being mandatorily discussed in parliament, powers of civil courts and can directly interact with media without any hindrances. And suggest few measures to turn NCW into effective body and help in empowerment of women especially in current times where women are under threat from various problems such as increasing criminal activities like rape and sexual assaults, cybercrimes like deep fakes and online trolling and increasing empowerment of women and needs for legislative and social changes in society. IASBABA REFERENCE: https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/12/day-50-q-4-what-is-the-mandate-of-the-national-commission-for-women-what-role-has-it-played-in-the-protection-and-betterment-of-women-in-india-critically-evaluate/ https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/11/day-30-q-2-what-is-the-role-of-the-national-commission-for-women-what-is-its-constitution-has-it-been-effective-in-addressing-women-issues-in-india-critically-examine/ TLP Plus 2020 Test 7 Q.7 Q.16) “Incidence and intensity of poverty are most important in determining poverty based on income alone”. In this context analyse the latest United Nations Multi Poverty Index report. LINE OF THOUGHT /APPROACH: There are two statements in the question, first one is an assertion that says that both incidence and intensity of poverty measure income related poverty alone. And the second statement is a command, which asks to analyse how the UN’s Multi Poverty Index covers all other forms of poverty measurement. In the first part we can explain the poverty line, World Banks criteria of $1 per day to measure poverty. We can also bring in Amartya Sen’s intensity of poverty, head count ratio, income distance etc, as well here. You can also talk about Esther Duflo and Abhijit Banerjee’s work on Poverty. In the second part we need to explain how Multi Poverty Index measures, hunger, housing, happiness, overall nutrition, etc of a household. We can conclude using India’s ranking in MPI and Tendulkar committee and Rangarajan Committee reports. IASBABA REFERENCE: https://iasbaba.com/2019/04/rstv-ias-upsc-eradicating-poverty/ https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/07/day-23-q-1-examine-the-concept-of-poverty-as-a-consequence-of-social-exclusion/ Q.17) “Microfinance as an anti-poverty vaccine is aimed at asset creation and income security of the rural poor in India”. Evaluate the role of Self-Help Groups in achieving twin objectives along with empowering women in rural India. LINE OF THOUGHT /APPROACH: Again, there are two parts in the question, for the first part we need to explain how micro-finance and the economy of ‘thrift’ is helping the income of rural poor in India. Here we need to bring good statistics about the percolation of SHGs, the amount of NABARD’s loan given away every year, and number of micro-finance institutions registered, etc. In the second part, continuing with the statistics and examples of the self-help groups, we need to provide examples of those women led SHGs which are doing meticulous jobs in empowering the women section. Ex: of SEWA of Ela Bhatt, Kudumbashree of Kerala, MYRADA of Mysore can be quoted here. Overall, it is essential to provide good facts and examples to make a power packed answer. IASBABA REFERENCE: IASbaba TLP Test 7, Q. 13. Institutional sustainability and the quality of operations of the SHGs are matters of great concern. Comment. https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/07/day-28-q-1-what-role-can-self-help-groups-shgs-play-in-rural-development-examine/ https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/12/day-48-q-3-self-help-groups-shgs-are-the-panacea-for-rural-self-reliance-do-you-agree-substantiate-your-views/ Q.18) National Education Policy 2020 is in conformity with the Sustainable Development Goals-4 (2030). It intended to restructure and re-orient the education system in India. Critically examine the statement. LINE OF THOUGHT /APPROACH: This is an analytical question, here we need to link the National Education Policy 2020 with that of targets provided by the SDG for sustainable education. Hence, we pick and choose those clauses in the policy which stress on the universal and sustainable education in particular. Ex: We can include the new educational structure propounded in the policy that is in compliance with the international standards, provision in the NEP to improve employability, etc. However, as the question demands to examine critically, we need to argue that not much about the quality of education is provided in the policy. Also we can explain the lack of funds and infrastructure in the education sector which the policy doesn’t aim to provide. IASBABA REFERENCE: https://iasbaba.com/2020/08/day-48-q-1-what-are-your-views-on-the-recently-announced-national-education-policy-nep-will-it-lead-towards-better-scientific-temper-amongst-students-discuss/ https://iasbaba.com/2020/07/new-national-education-policy/ Q.19) Quadrilateral Security Dialogue is transforming itself into a trade block from the military alliance, in present times. Discuss.  LINE OF THOUGHT /APPROACH: A simple question, it asks to explain how QUAD, which is in news, is transforming from a trade block to a strategic partnership. In the beginning, we can explain the trade partnerships like Indo-US and Indo-Japan nuclear deals, memorandums signed in areas of renewable energy, FMCG products, shale gas, during the earlier phase of Quad can also be mentioned. However, in the second part we need to mention Pivot to Asia, Malabar Drill, CISMOA and BECA agreements and others. We can conclude with a suggestion to co-opt China as well in the grouping. IASBABA REFERENCE: https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/08/day-48-q-4-the-quadrilateral-posturing-by-india-the-us-japan-and-australia-in-the-indo-pacific-is-critical-to-counter-the-aggression-of-china-in-the-region-comment/   Q.20) What is the significance of Indo-US deals over Indo-Russian defence deals? Discuss with reference to stability in Indo-Pacific region (Answer in 250 words) LINE OF THOUGHT /APPROACH: There are two demands in this question as well; In the first part we need to provide economic, strategic, and political significance of the Indo-US deal over that of the Indo-Russian deal. Here, we can mention the S400 issue and US sanctions on Turkey, How INS Vikramaditya which was about to be dismantled was sold to India by Russians, and Russia’s reluctance to share technology related to Ramjet so on. In the second part, we need to confine ourselves to the Indo-Pacific region, and we need to explain the significance of the Indo-US deal to enter Trans-Pacific Partnership, strengthening QUAD, countering China, etc. We can conclude saying how Russia is an all-time friend of India and how India needs to strike a balance between India and Russia in this multi polar world. IASBABA REFERENCE: https://iasbaba.com/2020/10/india-us-defence-deals/ https://iasbaba.com/2020/07/india-russia-strategic-and-defence-partnership-all-india-radio-air-ias-upsc/ https://iasbaba.com/2017/02/india-radio-indo-us-major-strategic-partnership/ Download the PDF of GS 2 Analysis here -> CLICK HERE [VIDEO] GS1 GS2, GS3, GS4 & ESSAY ANALYSIS - UPSC MAINS 2020 by IASbaba -> CLICK HERE .embed-container { position: relative; padding-bottom: 56.25%; height: 0; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%; } .embed-container iframe, .embed-container object, .embed-container embed { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; } IASbaba's PRELIMS EXCLUSIVE PROGRAMME (PEP) for PRELIMS 2021 - CLICK HERE Thank You IASbaba    

Jan 13, 2021 TLP Mains 2020

IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 1 – ENGLISH & हिंदी): UPSC Mains Answer Writing – General Studies Paper 1 Questions [13th JANUARY,2021] – Day 3

For Previous TLP (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE Hello Friends, Welcome to IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 1- ENGLISH & हिंदी): UPSC Mains Answer Writing – General Studies 1 Questions [13th January 2020] – Day 3 We will make sure, in the next 100 days not a single day is wasted and your mains preparation is solidified. All your energies are channelized in the right direction. Trust us! This will make a huge difference in your results this time, provided that you follow this plan sincerely every day without fail. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. We are giving 5 Mains Questions on a daily basis so that every student can actively participate and keep your preparation focused. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” To Know More about the Initiative -> CLICK HERE SCHEDULE/DETAILED PLAN – > CLICK HERE Note: Click on Each Question (Link), it will open in a new tab and then Answer respective questions! 1. Examine the factors that led to the deterioration of agrarian life during British rule in India. भारत में ब्रिटिश शासन के दौरान कृषि जीवन को बिगड़ने वाले कारकों की जांच करें। 2. Discuss the evolution of British policies on education in India. How did it affect society and politics? Examine. भारत में शिक्षा पर ब्रिटिश नीतियों के विकास पर चर्चा करें। समाज और राजनीति पर इसका क्या प्रभाव पड़ा? जाँच करें। 3. What contribution did Swami Vivekananda make in awakening the spirit of nationalism in India? Discuss. स्वामी विवेकानंद ने भारत में राष्ट्रीयता की भावना जागृत करने में क्या योगदान दिया? चर्चा करें। 4. How did British policies lead to severe famines in different parts of India? What was the response of the Indian nationalists to these policies? Discuss. ब्रिटिश नीतियों ने भारत के विभिन्न हिस्सों में गंभीर अकाल कैसे पैदा किए? इन नीतियों के प्रति भारतीय राष्ट्रवादियों की क्या प्रतिक्रिया थी? चर्चा करें। 5. Do you agree with the assertion that the development of railways by the British brought economic prosperity in India? Critically examine. क्या आप इस बात से सहमत हैं कि अंग्रेजों द्वारा रेलवे के विकास से भारत में आर्थिक समृद्धि आई? समालोचनात्मक जांच करें। P.S: The review from IASbaba will happen from the time the question is posted till 10 pm everyday. We would also encourage peer reviews. So friends get actively involved and start reviewing each others answers. This will keep the entire community motivated. All the Best :)

Jan 13, 2021 Ace The Prelims (ATP)

Ace The Prelims (ATP) – 2021– PRELIMS – [13th Jan, 2021] – Day 9

ARCHIVES Hello Friends, Welcome to IASbaba’s Ace The Prelims (ATP) – 2021 – PRELIMS & MAINS – [13th Jan, 2021] – Day 9   UPSC Quiz - 2021 : IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs Quiz 13th January 2021 UPSC CSAT Quiz – 2021: IASbaba’s Daily CSAT Practice Test – 13th January 2021 UPSC Static Quiz – 2021: IASbaba’s Daily Static Quiz (PYQs) – ECONOMICS [Day 9]   The way ATP molecules provide energy to every single cell of our body and help us in achieving our day to day tasks, similarly, the ‘Ace the Prelims (ATP) 2021’ Programme will help in providing energy and direction to your prelims preparation and push you beyond the cutoff of Prelims 2021. Ace the Prelims (ATP) – 2021 will include Daily Static Quiz (PYQs) Daily CSAT Practice Test Daily Current Affair Quiz 60 Days Plan (starts from 2nd week of March) To Know More about Ace the Prelims (ATP) 2021 - CLICK HERE   Thank You IASbaba

Jan 13, 2021 Daily Static Quiz

UPSC Static Quiz – 2021: IASbaba’s Daily Static Quiz (PYQs) – ECONOMICS [Day 9]

ARCHIVES DAILY STATIC QUIZ (PYQs) It will cover PYQs all the topics of static subjects – Polity, History, Geography, Economics, Environment and Science and technology. Daily 5 questions (Monday to Saturday) will be posted from static topics (PYQs) The questions will be in the quiz format so you will be able to answer them directly on the portal. Schedule Week 1 – Polity Week 2 – Economics Week 3 – History and Art & Culture Week 4 – Geography Week 5 – Environment and Science & Technology Same cycle will be repeated from Week 6. Make the best use of the initiative. All the best! To Know More about Ace the Prelims (ATP) 2021 - CLICK HERE Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :) After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken and solutions. To take the Test - Click Here

Jan 13, 2021 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz - 2021 : IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs Quiz 13th January 2021

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. We will make sure, in the next 4 months not a single day is wasted. All your energies are channelized in the right direction. Trust us! This will make a huge difference in your results this time, provided that you follow this plan sincerely every day without fail. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” To Know More about Ace the Prelims (ATP) 2021 - CLICK HERE  Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :) After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken and solutions. To take the Test - Click Here

Jan 13, 2021 IASbaba’s Daily CSAT Quiz

UPSC CSAT Quiz – 2021: IASbaba’s Daily CSAT Practice Test – 13th January 2021

ARCHIVES Daily CSAT Practice Test Everyday 5 Questions from Aptitude, Logical Reasoning, and Reading Comprehension will be covered from Monday to Saturday. Make the best use of the initiative. All the best! To Know More about Ace the Prelims (ATP) 2021 - CLICK HERE Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :) After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken and solutions. To take the Test - Click Here

Jan 12, 2021 TLP Mains Answer Writing

SYNOPSIS [12th JANUARY,2021] Day 2: IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 1): UPSC Mains Answer Writing (General Studies)

For Previous TLP (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE   SYNOPSIS [12th JANUARY,2021] Day 2: IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 1): UPSC Mains Answer Writing (General Studies)   Q1. What are the key features of the Hindustani music? What are the most recurring themes in this style? Discuss. Approach Students are expected to write about Hindustani classic music and also write about its features. And highlight upon most recurring themes in the Hindustani style of music. Introduction  Historically roots of the Hindustani music belong to the Bharata’s Natyasastra, it diverged in the 14th century. The Hindustani branch of music focuses more on the musical structure and the possibilities of improvisation in it. The Hindustani music has elements of ancient Hindu tradition, Vedic philosophy and Persian tradition as well.  Body Key features of Hindustani music: Elements: The Hindustani classical has ancient Hindu tradition, Vedic philosophy and Persian tradition as its main elements. It has been influenced by various elements such as Arab, Persian and Afghan elements which have added a new dimension to Hindustani music. In ancient times, it has been passed from one to another through the Guru-Shishya Parampara. Hindustani Music Gharanas: A Gharana is a system of social organisation linking musicians or dancers by lineage or apprenticeship, and by adherence to a particular musical style. Based on the Raga system: The Raga is a melodic scale comprising basic seven notes. The Hindustani branch adopted a scale of Shudha Swara Saptaka or the ‘Octave of Natural notes’. It is based on the Raga system.  Vocal-centric: Hindustani Music is vocal-centric. The major vocal forms associated with Hindustani classical music are the khayal, Ghazal, dhrupad, dhammar, Tarana and thumri. Association with dance: Every music show was accompanied by dance performance. For example, kathak with Hindustani music. Praising of king in royal courts: All the music compositions were made to express the bravery of king’s .For example in Akbar court, poets praised him by singing songs. Most of the Hindustani musicians trace their descent to Tansen. Praising of god: Most of the music compositions were in deep reverence to god almighty. For example, the songs on lord Krishna and radha, Goddess durga, etc. Musical instruments used: Are Tabla, Sarangi, Sitar, Santoor, Flute and violin. Most recurring themes in the Hindustani style of music: Dhrupad: One of the oldest and grandest forms of Hindustani classical music. Finds mention even in Natyashastra (200 BC–200 AD). Reached its zenith in the court of Emperor Akbar. He employed and patronised musical masters like Baba Gopal Das, Swami Haridas and Tansen, who was considered to be one of the Navaratna or nine gems of the Mughal court. The exposition preceding the composed verses is called alap and is usually the longest portion of the performance. Dhrupad singing can be further divided into four forms on the basis of vanis or banis such Dagari gharana, Dharbhanga gharana, Bettiah gharana and Talwandi gharana. Khayal: Word ‘Khayal’ is derived from Persian and means “idea or imagination”.Origin of this style was attributed to Amir Khusrau. Is popular amongst the artists as this provides greater scope for improvisation. Based on the repertoire of short songs ranging from two to eight lines. Is also referred to as a ‘Bandish’. Major gharanas in khayal: Gwalior, Kirana, Patiala, Agra, and Bhendibazaar Gharana. Tarana Style: In this style the rhythm plays a very crucial role. The structure consists of melody. It uses many words that are sung at a fast tempo. It focuses on producing rhythmic matters and hence, the singers need specialised training and skills in rhythmic manipulation. Thumri: Originated in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, mainly in Lucknow & Benares, around 18th century. A romantic & erotic style of singing; also called “the lyric of Indian classical music”. Compositions are mostly on love, separation and devotion. Tappa: In this style the rhythm plays a very important role as the compositions are based on fast, subtle and knotty constructions. Developed in the late 18th Century AD from the folk songs of camel riders of North-West India. Great use of very quick turn of phrases. Ghazal: A poetic expression of both the pain of loss or separation and the beauty of love in spite of that pain. Spread in South Asia in the 12th century due to the influence of Sufi mystics and the courts of the new Islamic Sultanate. Reached its zenith in the Mughal period.Amir Khusrau was one of the first expounders of the art of making Ghazal. Some of the famous persons associated with Ghazals: Muhammad Iqbal, Mirza Ghalib, Rumi (13th century), Hafez (14th century), Kazi Nazrul Islam, etc. Conclusion Hindustani music played an important role in uniting Indians by generating the feeling of oneness and nationalism during national movement. Even today it is practiced during festivals, as a stage performance, in cinema’s and bringing fame for Indian culture by reaching wider in western world. Q2. Examine the contribution of Satyajit Ray to Indian cinema. Approach  Question is straight forward on importance of Satyajit Ray to Indian cinema. In the introduction factual details of life of Ray can be given followed by detailed analysis of his work in body with examples.  Introduction Born on May 2, 1921 in a family of litterateurs in Bengal, Satyajit ray was a product of a Bengal renaissance. With a family background in religious and social movements in nineteenth century Bengal he completed his education in prestigious presidency college of Calcutta, he went on to develop interest in fine arts. Body  Second half of twentieth century was a time of social and political churning. In this period new form of Indian cinema was emerging which saw aesthetic in daily struggles of people. How Satyajit ray changed Indian cinema? He brought new approach in dealing with subjects of cinema. He was inspired by Italian cinema in which Italian wave of neo realism and national film movement used to portray struggles of working class and poor people. He was particularly inspired by film bicycle thief. Ray used non-professional actors and shot on location technique. His skilful representation of characters earned him a spot as the best filmmaker in the world. Young Ray was inclined towards writing and storytelling. He adopted Bibhutibhushan bandopadhyay’s Pather Panchali in Apu triology. Apu film portrays life of a young boy who lives in a poverty in a small village. Apu’s journey is reflected in trilogy covering his childhood to manhood. In the initial years of his career he faced many challenges. Because of his unconventional methods producers were sceptical about his work and sincerity but he sold his personal savings and went ahead with the pather panchali which proved to be a massive success. Pather panchali got award in cannes film festival in 1956 with it Indian cinema got world-wide recognition. Apu trilogy received praise and appreciation for its arts and aesthetics. After the success of Apu trilogy Ray gave India its first detective series of Feluda, our very own rendition of sherlock holmes. Why cinema of Satyajit was important? In the times of social churning he portrayed universal feelings, universal relations, emotions and characters which crossed the barriers and reach out to others In his film Ashani Sanket he depicted severity of Bengal famine captured this disaster which took lives of five million people In “Charulata” he sensitively portrayed adultery, which was a taboo subject when it comes to cinema  In “Jalsaghar” he brilliantly commented on zamindari system, its exploitative nature and inequalities which was a hot topic in newly independent India  Satyajit ray introduced parallel cinema to India, his movies were rooted in reality and warranted discourse over things that matter. He came up with a great cinema while being commercially successful. His skilful representation of characters earned him a spot as the best filmmakers in the world. Music in his films was an important tool he composed natural yet dramatic tones which brought with it the element of humanism. Subtle and thought provoking nature of his craft made him extraordinary. In all he directed 36 films, got various 32 national awards for them (which is a record in itself). He received Dadasaheb Phalke award in 1984 for his contribution to Indian cinema also honoured with Bharat Ratna in 1992 Conclusion Satyajit ray is not just a director but an institute in itself. He was a pioneer in various new experiments in cinema world. He was a writer director, music composer, cinematographer, editor. A man with multiple talents yet grounded. For his contribution to world of cinema he was awarded with honorary award by academy of motion pictures. Q3. Comment upon the socio-economic significance of fairs in the context of India’s past. Approach  As the derivative is comment so you have to pick out the main points on a subject and give your opinion, reinforcing your point of view using logic and reference to relevant evidence, including any wider reading you have done. Introduction  India is the land of celebrations. Fairs are the cultural heritage and sprit of Indian society.  It had always been known as the land that portrayed cultural and traditional vibrancy through its conventional arts and crafts. Fairs have always made an immense contribution to the social and economic development of a region.  Body The socio-economic significance of fairs in the context of India’s past includes: They brought more awareness and economic value to the regions where they were celebrated and hosted.  With fairs, communities were engaged in livelihoods and hence there was more social bonding and strengthening of ties between people.  They helped in reinforcing the cultural roots and values by enabling communities to preserve their traditions too.  Enable local communities to ensure continuity of their cultural beliefs and traditions.  There was a positive economic impact on the local community, as fairs add economic vitality during the periods when they were organized. Protected the interests of local sellers to prevent economic leakages, and the related sense of irritation by the local community.  It acted as a self-reliant framework integrated with regional economy and satisfaction of socio-cultural and economic requirements in the local community. Helped in keeping alive the rich heritage of our country and introduce the young generation with great historical culture and values. They promoted diversity, increased creativity, offered opportunities for civic pride, and made the society a better place to live. Conclusion Fairs are part of the intrinsic cultural fabric of our society as well as a continuation of our heritage. India is not merely a land of diversities but these diversities make India an epitome of cultural abundance. Different cultures have different traditions and celebrations that are celebrated in form of fairs and festivals. While the potential of fairs and festivals as drivers of cultural and economic value is clear, there is evidence that they have not been leveraged adequately today. The key challenges are the deficiencies in infrastructure elements, lack of funding for facilities and service enhancements and, lastly, non-integrated stakeholder engagement to manage the fairs and festivals in a manner that protects cultural authenticity. We need to work on overcoming these challenges to make use of fairs just like they were used in India’s past. Q4. Do you think unbridled freedom on social media platforms can undermine democracy? Critically comment. Approach As the directive in the question is critically comment it is necessary to mention both positive and negative aspects of freedom on social media undermining democracy. Also answer should depict multi dimensionality of points covering all aspects the way social media impacts democracy in both positive and negative ways.  Introduction  Public participation is the bedrock of a successful and vibrant democracy. Debates, discussions and a healthy exchange of ideas go a long way in strengthening the foundations of democratic systems. Countries across the globe took to newer modes of public communication even as their democracies kept evolving. Social media has been the new tool in the hands of people it has played a big role in changing the way democracies used to function earlier by giving access to every individual to have his say and change the discourse. Body Is unbridled freedom on social media undermining democracy? Arguments in favour –  The rise of polarizing and divisive content has been a defining moment of modern politics, which is fed by fake news propagation through social media channels. Further, dissemination of fake news through social media, among populations with low-to-no levels of critical digital literacy is a big challenge. In India, the spread of fake news has occurred mostly with relation to political and religious matters. However, misinformation related to COVID-19 pandemic was also widely circulated. Fake news spread through social media in the country has become a serious problem, with the potential of it resulting in mob violence Social media has enabled a style of populist politics, which on the negative side allows hate speech and extreme speech to thrive in digital spaces that are unregulated, particularly in regional languages The impact social media platforms are having on influencing elections in the US are also evident. In addition to social media posts, many voters have reported receiving text messages and emails that are nothing but disinformation campaigns about the presidential candidates and what they stand for. Recent incidents of disinformation campaign against the Agriculture reform laws and citizenship amendment act, on social media understated the real objectives behind such reforms. Arguments against –  Democratization of Expression:  Social media has made Indian politics more inclusive by allowing citizens, who were traditionally excluded from politics due to geography and demography, to gain direct entry into the political process. It has also allowed for a diversity of viewpoints and public engagement on an unprecedented scale Making political communication people-centric: Social media has been increasingly used by Indian political actors for routine political communication between elections to provide unmediated and direct communication to connect citizenry. Social media can be used for greater political participation, The Election Commission of India recently launched an app to encourage voter mobilisation. Increasing access to political information through the mass media may enable citizens to monitor incumbents’ behaviour, and use this information in voting decisions. Exposure to debates improve voters’ political knowledge and the alignment between voters’ reported policy positions and those of the candidates they voted for. Conclusion In recent years internet has expanded exponentially to every corner of the world. With rise in social media and its penetration, a wave of ‘mediatisation’ of Indian politics i.e., the media’s ability to set political agendas has expanded, and elections have been transformed into an image contest between prominent personalities. As media and politics grow ever more intertwined, media exposure has impacted voting behaviours and opinions. This Demand strong measures and regulation by the government. Q5. What role does a predictable tax policy play in ease of doing business? Discuss. In this light, examine the critical issues affecting the sentiments of investors and businesses in India. Approach The question can be addressed in two parts where the first part should discuss the role of predictable tax policy in ease of doing business while the second part should examine important issues affecting the sentiments of investors and businesses in India. Introduction To foster economic growth and development governments need sustainable sources of funding for social programs and public investments. To achieve the common goal of a prosperous, functional and orderly society, taxation is not only for public goods and services; it is also a key ingredient in the social contract between citizens and the economy, where a predictable taxation policy helps in overall improvement in compliance. Body The ease of doing business in any country is influenced by a number of factors. A material consideration among these is the stability and predictability of a country’s taxation system, together with the ease of discharging a taxpayer’s tax obligations. Over the years, the Indian taxation landscape has been characterized by ambiguous legislation posing interpretational challenges, an aggressive revenue administration that has sought to interpret taxation provisions in a manner prejudicial to the taxpayer. For example, recent verdicts in favour of multinationals like Vodafone and Cairn Energy are cases in point. The uncertainty regarding retrospective taxation is an issue on the minds of investors and there is a real danger it will undermine the message that India is open for investment. It is imperative for India to have a non-adversarial tax administration which is both investor and assesse friendly. Governments must provide a fiscal climate within which electronic commerce can flourish, weighed against the obligation to operate a fair and predictable taxation system that provides the revenue required to meet the legitimate expectations of citizens for publicly provided services. Rules that enhance the predictability of economic interactions and provide contractual partners with essential protections against arbitrariness and abuse.  Such rules are much more effective in shaping the incentives of economic agents in ways that promote growth and development where they are reasonably efficient in design, are transparent and accessible to those for whom they are intended and can be implemented at a reasonable cost.  The quality of the rules also has a crucial bearing on how societies distribute the benefits and finance the costs of development strategies and policies Although the current government has attempted to convey to investors across the world that theirs is a government where the decisions will be fair, transparent and within the four corners of the law, there are many issues which are affecting the sentiments of investors and businesses in India, some of these are –  In a recently conducted USISPF survey of CEOs of MNCs to gauge investment sentiments of businesses in India, unanimously listed good governance, transparency, predictable tax policy framework, ease of doing business, infrastructure and cost advantage as reasons for choosing alternate countries for their investments.  Delayed Administrative Mechanisms: A study mentions that in India, it takes over 250-254 hours annually to complete tax procedures for businesses. Another bottleneck faced by the Indian economy has been the lack of uniform policies amongst Indian states.  Dispute Resolution: Similarly, delays in dispute resolution which take up to 1445 days to be resolved as opposed to only 164 days to resolve a dispute in Singapore, have also dampened India’s attractiveness for MNCs.  Quality infrastructure is critical for the sound functioning of an economy because it plays such a central role in determining the location of economic activity and the kinds of sectors that can develop. India lacks quality infrastructure, except few regions. Productivity of capital: Long-term changes in technology can influence the attractiveness of investment. In the late nineteenth century, new technologies meant firms had a strong incentive to invest in this new technology because it was much more efficient than previous technology. If there is a slowdown in the rate of technological progress, firms will cut back investment as there are lower returns on the investment. A healthy workforce is vital to an economy’s competitiveness and productivity—investing in the provision of health services is essential for both economic and moral reasons. In this regard, the Global Hunger Index necessitates India improve vastly. Basic education increases the efficiency of each worker, and good-quality higher education and training allow economies to move up the value chain beyond simple production processes and products. Conclusion Recent times have seen improvement in India’s overall efforts towards facilitating investors and businesses, which is evident from WTO’s Trade Policy Review (TPR) which appreciated India’s goods and services tax, reforms on taxation, trade facilitation and improving the ease of doing business, and liberalised regimes for FDI and intellectual property rights. TLP HOT Synopsis Day 2 PDF

Jan 12, 2021 PIB

PRESS INFORMATION BUREAU (PIB) IAS UPSC – 1st January to 8th January – 2021

PRESS INFORMATION BUREAU (PIB) IAS UPSC – 1st January to 8th January – 2021 ARCHIVES GS-2 COVID19 Vaccine Rollout India moved a step closer to getting a vaccine against the novel coronavirus as two candidates -- Hyderabad-based Bharat Biotech's Covaxin and the Serum Institute of India's Covishield -- have been recommended by a government-appointed panel to the DCGI for emergency use in the last two days. As per an official release, the Subject Expert Committee (SEC) made its recommendations in respect of the accelerated approval process request of the SII, Bharat Biotech International Ltd as well as about phase-III trials of Cadila Healthcare Ltd. The DCGI formally announced the approval of Bharat Biotech's Covaxin and the Serum Institute of India's Covishield for 'restricted use' in the country DCGI VG Somani said both the drug firms have submitted data on their trial runs and both have been granted permission The Announcement The overall efficacy of the Oxford-AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccine was 70.42%, while Bharat Biotech's Covaxin was "safe and provides a robust immune response. The Subject Expert Committee (SEC) has reviewed the data on safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine and recommended for grant of permission for restricted use in emergency situation in public interest as an abundant precaution, in clinical trial mode, to have more options for vaccinations, especially in case of infection by mutant strains. The clinical trial ongoing within the country by the firm will continue. M/s Serum Institute of India, Pune has presented a Recombinant Chimpanzee Adenovirus vector vaccine (Covishield) encoding the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) glycoprotein with technology transfer from AstraZeneca/Oxford University.  The firm submitted safety, immunogenicity and efficacy data generated on 23,745 participants aged ≥ 18 years or older from overseas clinical studies. The overall vaccine efficacy was found to be 70.42%.  Further, M/s Serum was granted permission to conduct Phase-II/III clinical trial on 1600 participants within the country.  The firm also submitted the interim safety and immunogenicity data generated from this trial and the data was found comparable with the data from the overseas clinical studies. M/s Bharat Biotech has developed a Whole Virion Inactivated Corona Virus Vaccine (Covaxin) in collaboration with ICMR and NIV (Pune), from where they received the virus seed strains. This vaccine is developed on Vero cell platform, which has well established track record of safety and efficacy in the country & globally. The firm has generated safety and immunogenicity data in various animal species such as mice, rats, rabbits, Syrian hamster, and also conducted challenge studies on non-human primates (Rhesus macaques) and hamsters. All these data has been shared by the firm with CDSCO. Phase I and Phase II clinical trials were conducted in approx.800 subjects and the results have demonstrated that the vaccine is safe and provides a robust immune response.   The Phase III efficacy trial was initiated in India in 25,800 volunteers and till date, ~22,500 participants have been vaccinated across the country and the vaccine has been found to be safe as per the data available till date. M/s Serum and M/s Bharat Biotech vaccines have to be administered in two doses. All the three vaccines have to be stored at 2-8° C. Year End Review- 2020 - Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment The vision of the Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment is to build an inclusive society wherein members of the target groups can lead productive, safe and dignified lives with adequate support for their growth and development.  It aims to support and empower its target groups through programmes of educational, economic and social development and rehabilitation wherever necessary.  The mandate of the Department of Social Justice & Empowerment is empowerment of the socially, educationally and economically marginalised sections of the society including  (i) Scheduled Castes  (ii) other Backward Class  (iii) Senior Citizens  (iv) Victims of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse  (v) Transgender Persons  (vi) Beggars  (vii) Denotified and Nomadic Tribes (DNTs)  (viii) Economically Backward Classes (EBCs) and  (xi) Economically Weaker Section (EWS) Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities (DEPwD) under Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment was set up in May 2012 with the aims to facilitate empowerment and inclusion of the persons with disabilities and acts as a nodal agency to look after all development agenda of Persons with Disabilities (Divyangjan). Major Achievements Prime Minister distributes daily living aids and devices to senior citizens & Divyangjan at the biggest ever RVY & ADIP camp at Prayagraj The transgender persons (protection of rights) act, 2019 comes into effect: The Rules ensure that comprehensive welfare measures reach the Transgender Community and help them come into the mainstream of the Society. The right to self-perceived gender identity and the procedure to issue the Transgender certificate and Identity card has been defined in the Rules. The process has been made smooth and hassle free to ensure that Transgender persons are able to attain their self-perceived identity card without any inconvenience. National Portal for transgender persons launched: The most important benefit is that it helps the transgender person to get the I-Card without any physical interface and without having to visit any office. Through the Portal, they can monitor the status of their application that ensures transparency in the process. Ambedkar social innovation & incubation mission under venture capital fund for SCS (ASIIM) started 24x7 toll-free mental health rehabilitation help line KIRAN-(1800-599-0019) launched: offer mental health rehabilitation services with the objective of early screening, first-aid, psychological support, distress management, mental wellbeing, promoting positive behaviours, psychological crisis management etc. It aims at serving people experiencing stress, anxiety, depression, panic attacks, adjustment disorders, post-traumatic stress disorders, substance abuse, suicidal thoughts, pandemic induced psychological issues & mental health emergencies. Historic MoU signed between ISLRTC and NCERT for converting educational materials in to Indian sign language NashaMukt Bharat: Annual Action Plan (2020-21) for 272 Most Affected Districts E-Launched on International Day against Drug Abuse & Illicit Trafficking Week Long “Ekam Fest” organized to Promote Craftsmanship & Products OfDivyang Artisans and Entrepreneurs Launched Mobile Application “Swachhata Abhiyan” Mobile APP, which has been Developed to Identify and Geotag the data of Insanitary Latrines and Manual Scavengers Year End Review- 2020 - Ministry of Electronics & IT Aarogya Setu was downloaded nearly 17 Crore times; Predicted large number of potential COVID-19 hotspots DigiLocker, the digital platform for issuance and verification of documents issued by Government and private departments,  achieved 5.19 crore registered users; over 426 crore documents have been issued from 722 Issuer organisations Digital Skilling initiative launched by MeitY and NASSCOM in emerging technologies; The initiative aims to cover 7 lakh IT professionals in the next 5 years eHospital , a one stop solution for connecting patients, hospitals and doctors, implemented in 418 establishments with about 17.5 crore transactions Jeevan Pramaan, a biometric-enabled digital service for pensioners to submit their Digital Life Certificates (DLC) online, processes 4.31 crore Digital Life Certificates (DLC) online till November 2020 UMANG, a mobile app, is a unified platform aggregating major govt services (center, state and local bodies); 2084 services are available and the app is integrated with Aadhaar, DigiLocker, Payment Gateway etc. India’s first global summit on Artificial Intelligence (AI), RAISE 2020, was inaugurated by Prime Minister and featured 320+ keynote speakers from 21 countries with over 79,000+ registered users from 147 countries for the virtual summit; AI Startup Challenge saw participation from 299 startups, out of which 21 startups (15 winners and 6 special mentions). Jan Dhan Yojana – 41.49 crore beneficiaries with about Rs 1.32 lakh crore balance; 1.26 lakh bank mitras delivering doorstep banking services. Aadhaar – 127 crore enrollments, with 4,947 e-Authentication and 879 crore e-KYC done. National Language Translation Mission platform has 4 startups undergoing incubation to develop and deploy innovative solutions in Indian languages and stimulate massive public participation. Year End Review- 2020 - Ministry of Tribal Affairs Includes 23 additional MFP items in MSP list: MSP for MFP scheme is to  address several issues of exploitation by local traders, ensuring fair returns on their produce. The Scheme provides a social safety net to these underprivileged forest dwellers, and to aid in their empowerment. M/O Tribal Affairs receives Skoch gold award for its “Empowerment of tribals through it enabled scholarship schemes” ‘Goal’ programme launched for digital skilling of tribal youth across India in partnership with Facebook: The GOAL programme is designed to provide mentorship to tribal youth through digital mode. The digitally enabled program envisages to act as a catalyst to explore hidden talents of the tribal youth, which will help in their personal development as well as contribute to all-round upliftment of their society. Tribal Health & Nutrition Portal – ‘Swasthya’ launched; opens National overseas portal & tribal fellowship portal: The e-portal on tribal health and nutrition named ‘Swasthya’, is a first of its kind e-portal, providing all health and nutrition related information of the tribal population of India in a single platform. Swasthya will also curate innovative practices, research briefs, case studies, and best practices collected from different parts of India to facilitate the exchange of evidence, expertise and experiences. MOTA & IIPA sign MoU for setting up National Institute of tribal research at IIPA Campus, New Delhi In a new convergence based initiative, Van Dhan Kendras to be transformed into tribal enterprises mode under a cluster based model of development ADB, India sign $10 million loan to support project preparation to expand horticulture in Himachal Pradesh The Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the Government of India signed a $10 million project readiness financing (PRF) to help finance piloting activities, and design and capacity building for an ensuing project that aims to expand horticulture production and farm household income in the hill state of Himachal Pradesh. The PRF project will support advance actions to achieve high level of project readiness through detailed design activities, capacity building of state level agencies, and creating an enabling environment for subtropical horticulture development in the state. The PRF project aims to ensure implementation readiness with prior testing of new production technologies and marketing systems so that the ensuing project is cost-effective and gets completed in a timely manner to enhance farm profitability. The ensuing project, to be designed by the PRF, will support development of subtropical horticulture, including cultivation of fruits and vegetables, in the state’s southern region which is currently lagging due to limited access to perennial water sources, crops losses due to wild animal encroachment and limited access to high value markets. The pilot activities supported by the PRF project include  Establishment or rehabilitation of 16 irrigation schemes for water extraction, distribution and storage;  Developing 17 subtropical horticulture plots for ultra-high density production of selected fruits; Fencing horticulture plots to protect crops from animal predation; and  Forming community horticulture production and marketing associations to build their capacities for business and marketing. These pilot activities will then be scaled up under the ensuing project to be implemented in 7 districts of Himachal Pradesh. The PRF also supports establishment of water user association (WUAs) on completed irrigation schemes and enhancing women’s participation. ADB, India sign $231 million loan to enhance power generation capacity in Assam The Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the Government of India signed a $ 231 million loan to augment electricity generation capacity in the state of Assam through construction of a 120 megawatts (MW) hydroelectric power plant that will enhance availability of electricity for households. This is the third tranche loan for the ongoing Assam Power Sector Investment Programme that was approved by the ADB Board in July 2014. The programme, including its two previous tranches, focuses on enhancing capacity and efficiency of the energy generation and distribution systems in Assam to improve electricity service to end users. The project will add to Assam’s power generation capacity from clean hydroelectric source and improve electricity availability. Increased supply of affordable and clean electricity facilitated through the project will help improve living conditions, promote business expansion, and increase employment opportunities in the state beside reducing greenhouse gas emissions The proposed hydroelectric project is run-of-the-river project over Kopili river which will help increase electricity supplied from clean energy by 469 gigawatthour (GWh) by 2025 and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 360,000 tons of carbon dioxide annually.  Part of the loan will be used for project capacity building of Assam Power Generation Corporation Limited (APGCL) on construction, operations and maintenance and safeguards. The project will finance APGCL’s enterprise resource planning system. It will also contribute to improving gender equity by enhancing the gender capacity of APGCL and improve women’s participation and contribution in training and community led interventions. A $2 million grant from Japan fund for poverty reduction (JFPR) is also associated with the project to finance equipment and consulting services to improve capacity for resource management and community resilience. ADB, India sign $100 million loan to upgrade power distribution system in Bengaluru The Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the Government of India signed a $100 million loan to modernise and upgrade the power distribution system to enhance the quality and reliability of electricity supply in Bengaluru city in the state of Karnataka. Beside the $100 million sovereign loan, ADB will provide a $90 million without sovereign guarantee loan for the project to Bangalore Electricity Supply Company Limited (BESCOM), one of five state-owned distribution utilities in Karnataka. The project demonstrates an innovative financing arrangement, the first of its kind for ADB, by combining sovereign and non-sovereign loans for a state government-owned enterprise. This is intended to significantly reduce the sovereign exposure and help BESCOM move towards a market-based approach for raising funds for capital expenditure. Conversion of overhead distribution lines into underground cables will help build an energy-efficient distribution network, reduce technical and commercial losses and minimize electricity outage resulting from natural hazards such as cyclones and external disturbances to overhead lines. In parallel to underground distribution cables, over 2,800 km of fibre optical cables will be installed to strengthen communication network. Moving about 7,200 km of distribution lines underground will help reduce technical and commercial losses by about 30%. The fibre optical cables will be used for smart metering systems, distribution automation system (DAS) in the distribution grid, and other communication networks. The project will install 1,700 automated ring main units adapted with a DAS to monitor and control the distribution line switchgears from the control centre. The loan will strengthen the capacity of BESCOM in operation and maintenance of underground cabling, environment and social safeguards, financial management and commercial financing. Improved financial management capability will help BESCOM access domestic and international commercial financing market. World Bank Signs $105 Million Project to Improve Waterways in West Bengal The Government of India, the Government of West Bengal and the World Bank signed a $105 million project to improve the inland water transport infrastructure in Kolkata, West Bengal. The West Bengal Inland Water Transport, Logistics and Spatial Development Project will Facilitate passenger and freight movement across the Hooghly river;  Undertake spatial planning to improve accessibility in the Kolkata Metropolitan Area;  Enhance the quality of life of its residents; and  Contribute to the growth of the state’s logistics sector The Inland waterways are now emerging as a cost effective and an environment friendly option for passenger and freight movement. This Project will help improve the river transport infrastructure in West Bengal and help in the economic development of the state by connecting the hinterland with markets and job centers in Kolkata’s Metropolitan Area. The project will cover the five most populous districts of southern West Bengal, including its urban agglomeration -- the Kolkata Metropolitan Area (KMA) where around 30 million people or one-third of West Bengal’s population live. West Bengal’s ferries can provide an efficient, flexible mode of public transport for both passengers and freight, saving on operating costs and travel time when compared with road journeys. The existing ferry system, operational for decades, caters to less than 2 percent of the passenger traffic and a small portion of the freight movement. Developing the river transport infrastructure will enable a large population of the state to utilize its waterways, have alternative, multi-modal options for transportation for both freight and passengers, connect the hinterland with Kolkata Metropolitan Area’s markets and job centers and emerge as a logistics hub.  To better cope with increased precipitation and flooding, climate-smart engineering solutions will be applied, including modular floating designs for ferry access points at the passenger terminals. In addition, the project will facilitate disable-friendly amenities, ensure women’s safety and encourage women’s employment in the IWT Department as well as with the ferry operators. Seventh Trade Policy Review of India at the WTO The second and final Session of India’s seventh Trade Policy Review (TPR) concluded at the World Trade Organization in Geneva. The TPR is an important mechanism under the WTO’s monitoring function in which member countries’ trade and related policies are examined by the WTO with an aim to contribute towards improved adherence to WTO rules, while providing constructive feedback to the Member under review. Appreciated India’s efforts and commitment towards this transparency exercise Introduction of a path-breaking structural reform in the form of Goods & Services Tax by India, during the review period, was also commended.  The Discussant specifically observed India’s proactive efforts in the implementation of WTO’s Trade Facilitation Agreement and the role played by it in furthering “Ease of Doing Business” in the country, while observing the highly improved ranking of India in the “Trading across Borders” indicator under the Doing Business Report.  WTO Membership has been appreciative of the steps taken by India for liberalizing its FDI regime and India’s National Intellectual Property Rights Policy, 2016. GS-3 Year End Review 2020 of Ministry of Agriculture & Farmer Welfare Unprecedented Enhancement in Budget Allocation: In the year 2020-21, the Budget allocation has been increased by more than 6 times to Rs. 1,34,399.77 crore.  Record foodgrains production: The foodgrains production has increased from 251.54 million tonnes in 2015-16 to 296.65 million tonnes in 2019-20 which is the highest ever foodgrains production. As per third advanced estimates, horticulture production during 2019-20 is 319.57 MMT which is the highest ever for Indian horticulture. Determination of MSP at one-and-a half times the cost of production – Government has increased the MSPs for all mandated Kharif, Rabi and other commercial crops with a return of at least 50 per cent over all India weighted average cost of production from the agricultural year 2018-19. Income support to farmers through PM KISAN: Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) was introduced by the central government in February 2019 under which Rs. 6,000 per year is transferred to the beneficiary farmer’s account per year in three instalments. Since the inception of the Scheme, more than 1,10,000 crore rupees have been released so far and 10.59 crore farmer families have been benefitted. Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY): Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) has completed 4 years of its implementation covering over 23 crore farmer applications and benefitting over 7.2 Crore applicants. During this period nearly ₹17,450 crores were paid by farmers as their share of premium against which claims of over ₹87,000 Crores have been paid to them. This means that for every 100 rupees of premium paid by farmers, they have received ₹532 as claims. Institutional credit for agriculture sector:  Increase from Rs. 7.3 lakh crore in 2013-14 to Rs. 13.73 lakh crore in 2019-20 with a target to reach Rs. 15 lakh Crore in 2020-21. Rs 2 lakh crore concessional credit boost to 2.5 crore farmers through Kisan Credit Cards is envisaged. Providing Soil Health Cards to farmers: Soil health cards have been issued free of cost to 10.74 crore farmers in first cycle, i.e., 2015-16 to 2016-17 and 11.75 crore farmers in second cycle i.e. 2017-18 to 2018-19 under a nationwide programme. Promotion of organic farming in the country: Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana was initiated in 2015-16 to promote organic farming in the country. 30,934 clusters benefitted. An area of 6.19 lakh ha has been covered and 15.47 lakh farmers have been benefitted. 3.5 lakh farmers are registered on to the dedicated web portal- www.Jaivikkheti.in to market their produce. Mission Organic Value Chain Development in North East Region (MOVCDNER) has been launched. 169 Farmer Producer Companies have been formed comprising of 83,096 farmers and 79,445 ha area. Export of ginger, turmeric, chillies, processed pineapple etc, to USA, UK, France, Dubai, Swaziland has been firmed up. Contract farming of black Thai ginger, medicinal plants has been initiated Neem Coating of Urea: Neem Coated Urea introduced since 2015-16 for reduced use of chemicals, improved soil health, overall increase in crop yields and reduction in the use of urea for non- agricultural purposes. Agri Infrastructure Fund: Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF) was launched with the aim to provide medium to long term debt financing for investment in viable projects for post-harvest management Infrastructure and community farming assets through interest subvention and financial support. The scheme shall be in effect for 10 years i.e. from FY 2020 to FY 2029.  As on date, 3,064 projects of Primary Agricultural Credit Societies worth a loan amount of Rs. 1,565 crores have been sanctioned by NABARD to 3,064 PACs under the scheme. PACs Projects worth Rs. 3,500 Crore have already been structured for financing under the scheme. Promotion of FPOs: Scheme for Formation and Promotion of 10,000 FPOs with a total budgetary provision of Rs. 6,865 Crore was launched in 2020. Under the Scheme, formation of 10,000 FPOs across the country is targeted in five years period till 2023-24, while providing adequate handholding to each FPO for five years from the formation for which support will continue till 2027-28. National Bee and Honey Mission: NBHM has been launched in 2020 as part of the Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan. Rs.500 crore for the period 2020-2021 to 2022-2023 has been allocated for the sector. Projects worth Rs. 100 crore is targeted for December 2020. Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana: Per Drop more Crops component of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY - PDMC) aims to increase water use efficiency at the farm level through precision micro irrigation technologies i.e. drip and sprinkler irrigation systems. Additional 50.1 lakh hectare area has been covered under micro irrigation from the year 2015-16 till date in the country. An amount of Rs. 13309 crores as central assistance has been provided to states under PMKSY since 2015-16. Changes in Disaster Relief Standards: Major changes were made in disaster relief standards such as the assistance amount of all categories was increased by one and a half times. Where earlier compensation was payable only on crop loss of more than 50%, Now compensation is payable even if the loss is 33% only. The amount received by the kin of the victims of natural disasters has been increased from Rs.1.5 lakh to Rs.4 lakh. Assistance in all matters of admissibility has been increased from one hectare to two hectares. E-NAM extension: In 18 states and 03 UTs, 1000 markets have been integrated with the E-NAM Platform. 1.68 crore farmers are registered on the platform as well as 1.52 lakh  traders.  A total volume of 3.94 crore metric tonnes has been traded on the platform for a total value of Rs. 1.15 lakh crore. Farmer Product Organizations (FPO) were integrated with E-NAM Platform and trade started through the Platform. Improvement in farm produce logistics, Introduction of Kisan Rail: A farmer friendly mobile application ' Kisan Rath ' app to facilitate the farmers and traders in search of transportation vehicles for primary and secondary transportation for the movement of agricultural and horticultural products.   The country’s First Kisan Rail started between Deolali and Danapur station on 08.07.2020. Another Kisan Rail has been operated between Anantpur in Andhra Pradesh to Adarsh Nagar, Delhi. Till 11.12.2020, 84 trips have been made by these Kisan Rails carrying 23,219 tonnes earning a revenue of Rs. 901.3 lakhs for the Government. Creation of a Start-up Eco system: 424 start-ups in the agriculture and allied sectors have been selected for funding for a sum of Rs. 45.38 crore in instalments and Rs.19.70 crore has been released as a 1st instalment for funding these start-ups. These start-ups were trained for two months at various agribusiness incubation centres i.e. Knowledge Partners (KPs) & RKVY-RAFTAAR Agribusiness Incubators (R-ABIs). IMD issues a Statement on Climate of India during 2020 The year 2020 as the eighth warmest year on record since 1901 12 out of 15 warmest years were during the recent fifteen years (2006-2020) Past decade (2001-2010/ 2011-2020) was also the warmest decade on record Rainfall over the country as a whole during the SW monsoon season (June-September) was above normal (109 % of LPA) The 2020 Northeast monsoon season (October-December) rainfall over the country as a whole was normal (101% of LPA) During 2020, 5 cyclones formed over the North Indian Ocean. These are Super cyclonic Storm AMPHAN, Very Severe Cyclonic Storms NIVAR & GATI, Severe Cyclonic Storm NISARGA, and Cyclonic Storm ‘BUREVI’ The country also experienced other high impact weather events like, extremely heavy rainfall, floods, landslide, thunderstorm, lightning, cold waves, etc Joint study group and surveillance squad constituted to check Ammoniacal Nitrogen in River Yamuna The possible reasons could be  Discharge of untreated sewage from upstream towns in Haryana,  Discharge from industrial units, Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) and Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs),  Illegal discharge of sewage from unsewered colonies in outer Delhi through tankers,  Lean flow in the River Yamuna and  Anaerobic decomposition of accumulated sludge on river bed.​ The Way Forward A study group comprising Delhi Jal Board (DJB), Haryana State Pollution Control Board, Delhi Pollution Control Committee, Irrigation and Water Resources Department, Haryana, Irrigation and Flood Control Department, Delhi has been constituted.  The group will review uniform monitoring protocol and requirement of strengthening monitoring mechanism, analyse past data and carry out field survey to identify critical hotspots as well as period of high anomia levels.  It has also been asked to suggest short and long term measures for sustained solutions, and submit its report within a month.  Also, it was agreed to constitute a Joint Surveillance Squad comprising DJB, DPCC, Irrigation and Flood Control Department, Delhi, HSPCB and Irrigation and Water Resources Department,Haryana. Year End Review – 2020 Ministry of Defence The Department of Military Affairs was set up and the post of Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) created. Indian Army has resolutely countered adversaries on the Line of Control (LC) and the Line of Actual Control (LAC) and carried out relentless Counter Insurgency (CI)/ Counter Terrorist (CT) operations.  Defending the territorial integrity of India in Galvan Valley has been the most shining example of the valour of our forces this year in which 20 brave India soldiers made the supreme sacrifice.               India categorically conveyed China that any attempt to unilaterally alter the status quo at the border is unacceptable and that India is determined to protect its sovereignty and territorial integrity.  To make Indian Army future ready, budgetary constraints for capability development and meeting other requirements have been removed. Eight Rafale aircraft inducted and operationalised on 20th September, 2020, sending strong message for those who challenge India’s sovereignty. With its world class capability, Rafale aircraft is a game changer for India’s national security. Air version of supersonic BrahMos Air missile integrated on Su-30 MKI. The strength of Indian Navy furthered with the commissioning of i) INS Kavaratti (P31), a fully combat-ready Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) stealth corvette and ii) commissioning of warship IN LCU L57.  Aligning with the vision of Atmanirbhar Bharat Defence Acquisition Procedure 2020 unveiled.  It aims to give impetus to the growing domestic industry and achieve enhanced self-reliance in defence manufacturing. Defence Offset Guidelines 2020 promulgated to attract investments and technology through offsets to enhance capabilities in the domestic Defence manufacturing sector and promote the “Make in India” initiative. Modernization/ up-gradation of facilities and new infrastructure creation by Defence PSUs and Ordnance Factories Board launched. Out of 43 ships on order for Indian Navy, 41 are being built indigenously and AoN exists for construction of 44 ships and submarines to be built indigenously. Corporatisation of Ordnance Factory Board initiated to enhance their efficiency and accountability. Foreign Direct Investment limit in defence manufacturing under automatic route raised from 49% to 74%. DRDO's pursuit of self-reliance and successful indigenous development and production of strategic systems and platforms such as Agni and Prithvi series of missiles; light combat aircraft, Tejas; multi-barrel rocket launcher, Pinaka; air defence system, Akash; a wide range of radars and electronic warfare systems; etc., have given quantum jump to India's military might.  Women’s participation has been increasing over the years and the Government is further enhancing their role on priority.  Short Service Commissioned (SSC) Women Officers granted permanent commission   in all ten streams of Indian Army. Four women officers have been appointed onboard Indian Navy ships.  Captain Tania Sher Gill, led an all-men contingent in Republic Day Parade 2020. Border  Roads Organisation continued with works of strategic importance like Construction of Major Bridges,  Roads,  Tunnels  and  Snow Clearance for opening of Strategic Mountain Passes braving  Covid-19 threat. World’s longest Highway tunnel – Atal Tunnel  built by BRO dedicated to the nation by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi on 3rd October 2020. 80-kilometre-longRoad link from Dharchula (Uttarakhand) to Lipulekh (China Border) inaugurated on 20th May 2020. 44 Bridges of strategic importance in sensitive areas close to Western, Northern and North Eastern Borders, across seven States and UTs opened on 12 October. The 11th edition of India's biennial military exhibition, DefExpo was held in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, which showcased the potential of the country as a global defence manufacturing hub. More than 1,000 defence manufacturers and 150 companies from all over the world took part in this Expo. Armed Forces played pivotal role in mitigating the sufferings of the people in the face of  novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). Right from rescuing stranded Indians from COVID-19 affected areas, such as China, Iran, Italy, Malaysia, etc, to providing relief materials to all across the country, Armed Forces have put in place all its medical and manpower resources. Hospitals of the Armed Forces and medical facilities have been dedicated to treat COVID-19 patients and some of its bases were turned into quarantine centres.  Besides the all-out efforts of Armed Forces, its various organisations and arms like Armed Forces Medical Services, DRDO, Defence Public Sector Undertakings, Ordnance Factory Board, Indian Coast Guard, Cantonment Boards, National Cadet Corps contributed in their own ways to fight this pandemic.   Prelims-oriented news Launch of Toycathon-2021 and Toycathon Portal Toycathon aims to tapIndia’s one billion USD toy market Toycathonto capture innovative prowess of 33 crores students School children to innovate, design and conceptualize toys Prizes worth Rs. 50 lakh for Toycathon-2021 winners This Toycathon is aimed to conceptualize innovative toys based on the Indian value system which will inculcate the positive behaviour and good value among the children. Japan’s Official Development Assistance for the COVID-19 crisis response support loan for social protection: Loan of an amount of JPY 30 billion (approx. Rs. 2,113 crore); This programme loan aims to support India’s efforts to provide coordinated and adequate social protection to the poor and vulnerable across the country against the severe impacts of COVID-19 pandemic. 40th Indian scientific expedition to Antarctica launched This Indian expedition marks four decades of country’s scientific endeavour to the southern white continent.  The 40th expedition journey will be flagged off from Goa on January 5, 2021, with 43 members onboard.  The chartered ice-class vessel MV Vasiliy Golovnin will make this journey and will reach Antarctica in 30 days.  After leaving behind a team of 40 members, it would return to India in April 2021.  On return, it will also bring back the winter team of the preceding trip. The Indian Antarctic expeditions began in 1981. The first trip comprised of a team of 21 scientists and support staff led by Dr SZ Qasim. After a humble beginning, the Indian Antarctic programme has now credited to have built three permanent research base stations in Antarctica—named Dakshin Gangotri, Maitri, and Bharati. As of today, India has two operational research stations in Antarctica named Maitri and Bharati. The National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR), Goa, manages the entire Indian Antarctic program. The preceding 39th Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica was launched in November 2019. It mounted 27 scientific projects, focusing on climate process and its linkages with climate change, crustal evolution, environmental processes and conservation, the ecosystem of terrestrial and near shore regions, observational research, and polar technology. Two additional collaborative projects with the National Institute of Polar Research, Japan were also undertaken. After completing its mission mandate, it returned to India in May of 2020. It also replenished the annual supplies of food, fuel, provisions, snowmobiles, and spares for operations and maintenance of life support systems at Maitri and Bharati. It cruised a team of 48 members to Antarctica for winter operations. The scientific and logistic activities of the 40thIndian Antarctic expedition are limited due to the existing challenges associated with COVID-19 pandemic. The focus is to support the ongoing scientific projects on climate change, geology, ocean observations, electric and magnetic flux measurements, environmental monitoring; resupplying of food, fuel, provisions and spare; and accomplishing the return of the winter crew. India is committed to maintaining the continent of Antarctica free of COVID-19. The expedition will duly follow all protocols for the deployment of men and material as per Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs(COMNAP). Extra precautions of sanitizing the cargo, mandatory fourteen days of quarantine (pre-, and post-expedition), and RT-PCR testing before boarding the ice-class vessel is also being conducted. TRIFED under M/O Tribal Affairs initiates Marketing & Logistics intervention for promoting products of North – East in collaboration with DoNER and India Post To implement a successful marketing and logistic intervention for promoting the rich and traditional tribal products of the North Eastern states. The aim of this initiative is to create a brand for products from that region, increase awareness of the brand across the globe and provide national and international market access. With the focus on products of the North-Eastern region, and the facilitation and onboarding of more tribal suppliers will result in enhancing tribal entrepreneurship in the region, hence increasing incomes and also generate livelihood for the tribal communities. The planned interventions include the identification of suppliers and weaving clusters; sourcing of products, training and development of tribal resources, procurement and aggregation of tribal products and transportation and distribution of the selected products to Tribes India outlets and end customers. DoNER will work on these activities through its agencies and TRIFED will use its extensive network of outlets and its e-commerce platforms for the marketing and branding in domestic and international markets. The collaboration aligns with the ‘Act East’ policy of the government to promote economic, strategic and cultural relations with the vast Asia-Pacific region at different levels. The objective is to increase the sale of the North-Eastern products to 4 fold. This will help in enhancing income generation of tribal suppliers and contribute effectively to the Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan and the Vocal for Local, Buy Tribal initiative. By GI tagging the products, the transparency regarding the origin of the product can be ensured. This will help North East in generating awareness about region, its rich traditions and quality across the globe.It has been decided to collaborate with India Post for all logistics requirements arising from this initiative. Light House projects (LHPs) under Global Housing Technology Challenge (GHTC) At six sites across six States The Prime Minister cited these light house projects as an example of the approach of the present Government. Today, the country has chosen a different approach, adopting a different route and a better technology, to complete the projects faster. These light house projects will be made up of modern technology and innovative processes and reduce the construction time and make a more resilient, affordable and comfortable house for the poor. These light houses have innovations in construction technology.  For example the project  in Indore will not have brick and mortar walls, instead they will use the prefabricated Sandwich Panel system.  The light houses in Rajkot will be built using french technology and have monolithic concrete construction technology using tunnel and the house will be more capable of withstanding disasters.  In Chennai, US and Finland technologies will use the Precast Concrete system, which will construct the house faster and cheaper.  In Ranchi houses will be built using Germany's 3D construction system. Each room will be made separately and then the entire structure will be added in the same way as Lego Blocks toys.  Houses are being built in Agartala with the steel frames using New Zealand's technology which can withstand major earthquake risk.  Canada's technology is being used in Lucknow, which will not require plaster and paint and will use the entire walls already prepared to build houses faster.  Thousands of houses will be built in 12 months at every location which will act as incubation centers through which our planners, architects, engineers and students will be able to learn and experiment with new technology.  A certificate course will be  started to upgrade the skills related to new technology to the people in the construction sector, so that the people can get the best technology and material in the world in house construction. In PM Awas Yojna construction's focus is both on innovation and implementation as per the local needs and expectations of the home-owners. It is a complete package as every unit is equipped with electricity-water-gas connection. Transparency is being ensured through the technologies like geo-tagging and Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) to the beneficiaries. The new scheme that was taken up during the Corona pandemic i.e. Affordable Renting Housing Complex Schemes: Government is working with industry and other investors to provide housing with fair rents to the workers who come to work from various states to different states. Their housing conditions are often unhygienic and undignified. Effort is to provide them fair rent dwellings in the vicinity of their workplace. Year End Review- 2020: Ministry of Panchayati Raj SVAMITVA (Survey of Villages and Mapping with Improvised Technology in Village Areas0: Towards the objectives of socio-economic empowerment of the rural mass and making them self-reliant, a Central Sector Scheme, “Survey of Villages and Mapping with Improvised Technology in Village Areas’ was launched by the Prime Minister on 24th April 2020. The scheme aims to provide the ‘record of rights’ to village household owners possessing houses in inhabited rural areas in villages and issuance of property cards to the property owners. e-Gram Swaraj e-Financial Management System: In order to strengthen e-Governance in Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), eGramSwaraj, a Simplified Work Based Accounting Application for Panchayati Raj, was launched on the occasion of National Panchayati Raj Day on April 24, 2020. It has been developed amalgamating the functionalities of all the applications under e-panchayat Mission Mode Project (MMP). People’s Plan Campaign (PPC)- Sabki Yojana Sabka Vikas: Inspired by the visible and quite satisfactory performance of the Gram Panchayats, Gram Sabhas and other stakeholders involved in the PPC during 2018-19 and 2019-20 and to provide sustainability to the Gram Panchayat Development Plan (GPDP) formulation process into a participative and transparent exercise, the process of GPDP preparation for the financial year 2021-22 again has started in Campaign mode from 2nd October, 2020 as PPC-2020-21. AuditOnline: Online Audit of Panchayat accounts: AuditOnline not only facilitates the auditing of accounts but also provisions for maintaining audit records that have been carried out. This application also seeks to streamline the process for audit inquiries, draft local audit reports, draft audit Paras etc. Geo-tagging of assets: As a part of effective monitoring, it is imperative to have field-level monitoring of physical progress of the works. Further, supplementing to strengthening the system; geo-tagging of assets (on completion of work) is of utmost importance. Ministry has developed mActionSoft – a mobile based solution to help in capturing photos with Geo-Tags (i.e. GPS Coordinates) for the works which have asset as an output. Garib Kalyan Rozgar Abhiyan (GKRA): Government of India had launched GKRA in six States of Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh to provide gainful employment to the migrant labourers who had returned to their native villages due to the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic.  Year End Review: Department of Sports First anniversary of Fit India Movement celebrated; Prime Minister holds Fit India Dialogue, launches Age Appropriate Fitness Protocols WHO lauds the Campaign “Fitness Ka Dose Aadha Ghanta Roz." Setting up of 1000 Khelo India Centres announced 20 new disciplines are now eligible for Government jobs under sports quota Yogasana gets formal recognition as a competitive sport Ministry includes Gatka, Kalaripayattu, Thang-Ta and Mallakhamba in Khelo India Youth Games 2021 Year End Review- 2020: Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers DoP approved 15 FDI proposals worth ₹ 1,512 crore in 2020; 11 more for worth of ₹ 7,211 crore are under consideration Government gave Nutrient Based Subsidy of Rs. 15801.96 and Urea subsidy of Rs. 53950.75 crores on Fertilizers during 2020 Total sale of fertilizers recorded at 451.16 LMT from 1st April to 15th December, 2020 Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals setting up six Plastic Parks in the country Four Petrochemical Investment Regions (PCPIRs) policies being implemented in Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Odisha and Tamil Nadu; expected to attract investment of around Rs. 7.63 lakh crore Supply of HCQ and paracetamol: During this period, GoI constituted an Inter-ministerial Empowered Committee to make recommendation for the export of drugs/ items requested by foreign governments especially drugs like Hydroxychloroquine and Paracetamol. Using a reporting framework for production and supply of these medicines coordinated by NPPA, the Empowered Committee made recommendation for release of surplus drugs produced to foreign countries after ensuring the sufficient domestic availability. Role of Jan AushadhiKendras during COVID 19 crisis: In the wake of COVID 19 crisis, Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP) has been rendering essential services to the nation. The stores are functional and maintaining operations as part of their commitment to ensure uninterrupted availability of essential medicines at the PMBJK. Ministry of Tourism: Year End Review 2020 68 webinars organized by M/o Tourism till date under Dekho Apna Desh Series; series continue to provide thrust to the rich culture of tourism in India With viewership of over 3 lakh, Dekho Apna Desh Series gets a huge thumbs up SAATHI initiative launched to assist hospitality industry to continue to operate safely and instill confidence about safety of the hotel/unit in view of COVID-19 caused disruptions 34399 accommodation units registered on the NIDHI portal so far ‘Stranded in India’ portal reaches out to thousands of stranded foreign tourists and extends support during COVID-19 lockdown Several important projects under PRASHAD and Swadesh Darshan scheme completed and inaugurated Year 2020 saw varied activities by M/o Tourism to promote spirit and essence of EBSB Incredible India Tourist Facilitator (IITF) Certification Programme: Ministry of Tourism has launched the Incredible India Tourist Facilitator (IITF) Certification Programme, a Pan-India online learning program accessible from different digital devices. The programme aims at enhancing the overall experience of tourists by creating a pool of local, trained professionals. It will help in creating employment opportunities at the local level even in remote areas with tourism potential. Incredible India Website launched: in Chinese, Arabic and Spanish languages to attract tourists from these regions NIDHI: Ministry of Tourism has created the National Integrated Database of Hospitality Industry (NIDHI) to get a clear picture of the geographical spread of the Hospitality Sector, its size, structure and existing capacity. It will serve as a common repository of data from Ministry of Tourism, State Departments of Tourism and Industry and enable the Central and State Governments to deliver better support and services including policies and strategies. Cabinet approves signing of Memorandum of Cooperation between India and Japan on Partnership in "Specified Skilled Worker" The Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, has approved the signing of a Memorandum of Cooperation between the Government of India and Government of Japan, on a Basic Framework for Partnership for Proper Operation of the System Pertaining to "Specified Skilled Worker". The Memorandum of Cooperation (MOC) would enhance people-to -people contacts, foster mobility of workers and skilled professionals from India to Japan. Beneficiaries: Skilled Indian workers from fourteen sectors viz. Nursing care; Building cleaning; Material Processing industry; Industrial machinery manufacturing industry; Electric and electronic information related industry; Construction; Shipbuilding and ship-related industry; Automobile maintenance; Aviation; Lodging; Agriculture; Fisheries; Food and beverages manufacturing industry and Food service industry would have enhanced job opportunities to work in Japan.

Jan 12, 2021 Important Articles

UPSC MAINS PAPER 2020 (GS 3): ANALYSIS, APPROACH and REFERENCES - How IASbaba was Helpful? GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 3

Dear Aspirants, What do you think real happiness is? For us, it is the sense of achievement which one receives after putting in efforts to get something and then reaping the desired results. Today we would like to share our happiness with you. For the past 6 years, we have been doing one thing with great passion and dedication. Yes! We love to guide the Civil Service aspirants. We have channelised all our energies and dedicated all our efforts into creating an ecosystem that gives every aspirant a chance to crack the prestigious civil services examination with Rank-1, even if he/she is in the remotest corner of the country. In this process, we have developed, designed, and dedicated a series of initiatives for Civil Services Exam preparation. The quality of these initiatives has been proven time and again. It has become a norm to have high Hit Ratios in Prelims and Mains from the initiatives of IASbaba, namely Integrated Learning Programme (ILP) and Think Learn and Perform (TLP). For the last 6 years, we have managed to hit the bull’s eye when it comes to GS Mains papers. This article is not to boast about the Hit Ratio of our initiatives in any case. It would not be right to say that these many questions, directly or indirectly came from our initiatives just by using keywords of the UPSC questions. In that way, if we frame questions over the year on all keywords in the UPSC syllabus our hit ratio will be 100%. However, you are smart enough to analyse the importance of our initiatives and its very close resemblance to actual UPSC papers. Rather than focusing on the numbers try to focus on the significance of these initiatives and make them a part of your preparation. Hard work should be done smartly to have a better Input-Output ratio of efforts and results. Below we have come up with the Analysis and Approach for each question of General Studies (GS) Paper 3 that was asked by UPSC along with the links and references of IASbaba questions/ articles. After going through this article, you will realise that just by sincerely following the initiatives on our platform, your chances of success in the Mains stage would have increased dramatically. [QUESTION PAPER] GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 3 (GS3) – UPSC CIVIL SERVICES (CSE) MAINS EXAMINATION 2020 - CLICK HERE NOTE: PDF of Analysis is provided at the end of the post. [VIDEO] GS1 GS2, GS3, GS4 & ESSAY ANALYSIS - UPSC MAINS 2020 by IASbaba -> CLICK HERE   OVERVIEW of GENERAL STUDIES (GS) PAPER 3:  Overall, the General Studies Paper 3 this year was moderate considering last year’s paper, except for three-four technical questions which an aspirant would have found it difficult to answer in those 3 hours. Also, the questions are not lengthy, which is an added advantage to finish this paper in three hours. Indian Economy (1, 2, 3, 4, 11, 12, 13, and 14): Questions 13 & 14 are based on agriculture which are easy to moderate. Questions 1, 2, 11, and 12 are based on the economic situation of the country and are more on the analytical side. Questions 3 and 4 are based on food grain distribution and food processing. Both these questions are about the steps taken and policy measures by the Government. These questions are easy in nature. Science and Technology (5, 6, 15, and 16): Question 16 is on the easier side, whereas question 15 is a difficult question because of its specificity. Question number 6 can be considered an easy to moderate level question. Environment (7, 8, and 17): Three questions have been asked from this part. While one of them is based on a static concept, the other two are based on one of the current threats (Jal Shakti & Air Program) to the environment. These questions can be easily answered by the aspirants. Disaster Management (18): Only one question has been asked from this part. The question on Disaster Management is a specific question. Internal Security (9, 10, 19, and 20): Four questions have been asked from this part. One of them on Cyber-crimes can be considered as a difficult question as it is very specific and one can answer only if they have prior knowledge about that question. The other three questions are of moderate level. Q.1) Explain intergenerational and intragenerational issues of equity from the perspective of inclusive growth and sustainable growth. (Answer in 150 words.) LINE OF THOUGHT / APPROACH: This question demands clarity of concepts like equity, inclusive growth. The introduction can be with definitions of the above concepts. Need to write issues of intergenerational, intragenerational like access and use of resources, opportunity, etc. Also here you need to write what needs to be done in this direction and measures taken so far. The conclusion can be optimistic that disparity is reducing with the above steps IASBABA REFERENCE: https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2018/12/day-29-q-1-what-do-you-understand-by-inclusive-growth-what-are-its-dimensions-discuss/ https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/10/day-11-q-3-inclusive-growth-has-always-been-a-key-priority-for-the-government-however-the-difference-today-is-not-in-the-objective-but-the-manner-in-which-inclusive-growth-is-sought-to-be-achieved/ Q.2) Define potential GDP and its determinants. What are the factors that have been inhibiting India from realizing its potential GDP? (Answer in 150 words.) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: It is a direct question. Students here need to address all demands. Write what potential GDP, Determinants are. Also, with equal weightage to an answer write the last part - inhibiting factor. Here clarity in thoughts, concepts should reflect in an answer. The conclusion can be done with measures needed for achieving potential GDP. Q.3) What are the main constraints in transports and marketing of agricultural produce in India? (Answer in 150 words.) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: Students need to apply here the application of content/ knowledge they have. Introduce an answer by writing important factors in good agricultural production or supply chain in agriculture. Constraints in transportation and marketing specifically need to be written. The conclusion can be in short, any recent measures by the government in this regard. IASBABA APPROACH: https://iasbaba.com/2020/07/day-29-q-1-what-are-the-major-bottlenecks-in-creating-an-efficient-nation-wide-agricultural-market-discuss-what-recent-measures-have-been-taken-to-address-these-bottlenecks/ Q.4) What are the challenges and opportunities in food processing sector in the country? How can income of the farmers can sustainably be increased by encouraging food processing? (Answer in 150 words.) LINE OF THOUGHT / APPROACH: Students are expected to write all parts distinctly. Write challenges- infrastructure, skilling, etc. Opportunities- India is the leading producer of many agricultural produces. Also need to write- ways of encouraging food processing- Initiative like SAMPADA can be mentioned. IASBABA REFERENCE: https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/01/day-48-q-2-do-you-think-the-food-processing-industry-has-enough-potential-to-create-jobs-for-the-burgeoning-labour-force-in-india-critically-comment/ Q.5) What do you understand by nanotechnology?  And how its helping in health sector? (Answer in 150 words.) LINE OF THOUGHT/ APPROACH: Again, a very direct question where students need to write about nanotechnology. The introduction can be defining or briefly writing about nano technology. Distinctly write benefits in the health sector. Here specific application/points are expected, like - diagnosis, medications, etc. IASBABA REFERENCE: https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/07/day-33-q-3-what-are-the-applications-of-nano-technology-in-the-medical-field/ Q.6) How is science interwoven deeply with our lives? What are the striking changes in agriculture triggered off by the science-based technologies? (Answer in 150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This is a direct question on how science & technology is shaping our lives. In the first part of answer, one can elaborate on technology is playing a crucial role in all aspects of lives – Political (e-governance), Economical (digital payments simplified transactions), Social (interactions via email, social media), health (diagnostics), education (MOOCs), transport (driverless cars), communication (satellite technology) and Culture (usage of green crackers) The second half of the answer has to specifically deal with technology’s intervention with agriculture. Here you can use how technology is being used at all three stages of agricultural activity – Input stage (GM seeds, Soil Health Card, Kisan Credit cards, digitisation of land records), farming stage (weather forecasting using satellite technology, usage of modern equipments, drip irrigation, fertigation) and Post-harvest Stages (e-NAM, price prediction technologies, smart warehouse management etc.) Conclude by mentioning, in brief, the pitfalls of technology (affordability, accessibility, corporate capture) and mention that Indian agriculture still has a long way in fully embracing technology. IASBABA REFERENCE: https://iasbaba.com/2020/07/day-29-q-2-how-is-technology-adoption-transforming-agricultural-efficiency-in-rural-india-illustrate/ Q.7) How does the draft Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification, 2020 differ from the existing EIA Notification, 2006? (Answer in 150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This is a straightforward question directly sourced from Current Affairs. First, mention what is EIA and the significance of having it. Then, mention about the changes that were brought in EIA,2020 notification (you can find it in below links) Conclude the answer by mentioning the criticism of 2020 notifications and steps that can be taken to overcome it. IASBABA REFERENCE: https://iasbaba.com/2020/06/environment-impact-assessmenteia-part-2/ https://iasbaba.com/2020/08/eia-notification-2020-what-are-the-key-changes/  Q.8) What are the salient features of the Jal Shakti Abhiyan launched by the Government of India for water conservation and water security? (Answer in 150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This is also a direct question about government schemes & policies. Jal Shakti Abhiyan (JSA) was launched in mid-2019 that aims at making water conservation a Jan Andolan through asset creation and extensive communication. Jal Shakti Abhiyan strives for water conservation and water resource management by focusing on the accelerated implementation of five target interventions. Water Conservation and rainwater harvesting Renovation of traditional and other water bodies/tanks Reuse and Recharge structures Watershed development Intensive afforestation Along with these targeted areas, it also has Special area intervention areas like Block and district water conservation plan Krishi Vigyan Kendra Mela Urban Wastewater reuse 3D Village Contour mapping Use of Scientists and India’s premier Institutes The answer can also mention in brief about the water problems faced by India (using flowchart) before beginning with the elaboration of the JSA. Finally, conclude by saying that implementation by authorities and civic participation is the key to achieve success IASBABA REFERENCE: https://iasbaba.com/2019/07/all-india-radio-air-ias-upsc-significance-of-jal-shakti-abhiyan/ Q.9) Discuss different types of Cybercrimes and measures required to be taken to fight the menace. (Answer in 150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This question in the light of increased cybercrimes across the world including that in India (ex: Pegasus attack) Start your answer by mentioning the various types of Cybercrimes like Phishing, spamming, virus dissemination, credit card hacking, software piracy, cyberstalking, cyber terrorism, identity theft, hacking, pornography, denial of service etc. Later you can mention in brief (maybe using flowchart) about challenges in India’s cybersecurity strategy- lack of coordination, delay in National Cyber Security Strategy, lack of proactiveness, inadequate modernization of computer systems, dependency on foreign players for cybersecurity tools i.e. capabilities issue, lack of awareness etc. In the second half of the answer mention the steps that need to be taken to fight the menace – regulatory (legislation), administrative (effective monitoring & oversight), federal (dedicated cadre, training of personnel & smooth coordination between different levels), infrastructural (modernisation of cyberinfrastructure), economic measures (incentives for cybersecurity players), public awareness (about cybercrimes) etc. Conclude by mentioning the significance of Cybersecurity for India’s dream of achieving a $5 trillion economy. IASBABA REFERENCE: https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/08/day-54-q-1-what-are-the-most-potent-cyber-security-threats-in-the-age-of-digital-economy-discuss-also-comment-upon-indias-preparedness-to-avert-cyber-security-threats/ Q.10) For effective border area management, discuss the steps required to be taken to deny local support to militants and also suggest ways to manage favourable perception among locals. (Answer in 150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This is a question about the interlinkage of society and security. First mention the reasons as to why local people support militants: Historical -Kashmir militancy, Naga issue economic factors: lack of jobs, poverty, imbalance in regional development, inequality in society Political - lack of local people representatives in decision making of management of border areas, vote bank politics Social factors - feeling of alienation due to weak integration with mainstream India ex North East Insurgency Inefficient Governance: Corruption at local level leading to feeling of looting of resources, also lack of effective communication with locals by those in Power (failure to interact regularly) The second half of answer should deal with measure to overcome negative perception among locals Political- Grassroots democracy i.e. involving locals to decision making; exposing the identity politics that try to reap benefit of anti-national sentiments Economic- Providing jobs and bridging developmental gap in the region Public Diplomacy – persuading celebrities and apolitical social leaders to convey the message & policies of government Crackdown on corruption at local level Regular interaction with mainstream India (Ek bharat Shrest Bharat campaign) Conclude by saying that managing locals will go a long way in managing border areas as intelligence network will be strengthened and issues of militancy will be nipped in the beginning stage itself by community support. IASBABA REFERENCE: https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2020/02/day-94-q-3-examine-the-significance-of-border-infrastructure-for-managing-security-challenges-in-the-border-regions/ Q.11) Explain the meaning of investment in an economy in terms of capital formation. Discuss the factors to be considered while designing a concession agreement between a public entity and private entity. (Answer in 250 words) LINE OF THOUGHT / APPROACH: Students here needs sound understanding of investment and capital formation. Link is Gross Capital Formation. In the second half of the answer write what the concession agreement is. Factors in it - Terms of the agreement, dispute resolution, Risk-sharing, etc. Q.12) Explain the rationale behind Goods and Services Tax (Compensation to states) act of 2017. How has COVID-19 impacted the GST compensation fund and created new federal tensions? (Answer in 250 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/ APPROACH: Briefly introduce GST - rationalized one nation one tax. With a distinct heading write rationale. Application-based addressing of the second part is required. New federal tensions- central failed or lacked in giving GST compensations to states. Federal strains in financial fields surfaced. The conclusion can be done in an optimistic way, yes the central government has taken measures with the world bank and came up with a dedicated fund. IAS BABA REFERENCE: https://iasbaba.com/2020/10/centre-to-borrow-on-behalf-of-states-to-meet-the-gst-shortfall/ Q.13) What are the major factors responsible for making the rice-wheat system a success? In spite of this success, how has this system become a bane in India? (Answer in 250 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/ APPROACH: In the introduction, students need to briefly write about what is the rice-wheat system. It’s a highly practiced cropping pattern. Factors being - climate, result, and easy practicing of this cropping pattern. Shortcomings of this system can be more water requirements among others. The conclusion can be how to improve this particular system- diversifying cropping pattern on a sustainable basis. IASBABA REFERENCE: Question asked in TLP test 13 2020 Question 9 Q.14) Suggest measures to improve water storage and irrigation system to make its judicious use under depleting scenario. (Answer in 250 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/ APPROACH: It is again a direct question with possibly open-ended dimensions. Here students have to make specific analysis with content, facts and case studies. The introduction can be what is the status of the depleting scenario. By 2025 India can be a water-stressed country from water-scarce status. In this regard need of reforming the water storage and irrigation system. Irrigation measures like precision irrigation can be suggested. Conclusion - SDG goal can be mentioned here. IASBABA REFERENCE: https://iasbaba.com/2020/07/day-29-q-3-what-are-various-decentralised-irrigation-techniques-why-are-they-beneficial-for-indias-agro-climatic-conditions-explain/ Q.15) COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented devastation worldwide. However, technological advancements are being availed readily to win over the crises. Give an account of how technology was sought to aid the management of the Pandemic. (Answer in 250 words) LINE OF THOUGHT / APPROACH: Good application-based question is asked. Many and diversified examples can be given. Technology aid during a pandemic- Video summit (international, national)- saving government expenditure unnecessary. Telemedicine. Etc. Conclusion - The good changes technology brought should be continued in the future which will definitely ensure sustainability in many ways. IASBABA REFERENCE: Q.16) Describe the benefits of deriving electric energy from sunlight in contrast to conventional energy generation. What are the initiatives offered by our government for this purpose? (Answer in 250 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/ APPROACH: There are two parts in the question; the first part asks to provide the advantages of deriving electric power from solar energy. Second part is a direct one it demands to provide the government initiatives for the effective harness of solar-electric power. For the first part we can bring in facts like the amount of solar power incident in India, and the cost saved in manufacturing solar cells over hydel or thermal power plants so on. We can also mention the advantages for the environment i.e. reduction in pollution etc. In the second part we can provide National Solar Mission, encouragement by the government to the assemblage of solar cells and panels in India, KUSUM project, Rooftop solar projects,etc. Further, we can provide some examples like Naramda canal top solar power plant, setting up of largest solar power plant in Karnataka and others. Lastly, we can conclude with the Government of India’s target in the solar energy sector and the International solar alliance. IASBABA REFERENCE: IASbaba TLP PLUS Test 16 Q.15. India’s energy future is highly dependent on renewables. In this light, examine, the progress made and current impediments towards the realization of an entry secure future. https://iasbaba.com/2020/08/indias-solar-energy-push-the-big-picture-rstv-ias-upsc/ https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2020/01/day-65-q-2-how-is-india-placed-globally-in-terms-of-renewables-what-initiatives-have-been-taken-recently-to-tap-the-potential-on-this-front-examine/ Q.17) What are the features of the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) initiated by the government of India? (Answer in 250 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/ APPROACH: A direct question, it asks to list out the features of the National Clean Air Programme, here we need to provide precise features with specific targets and statistics in order to get the maximum marks. Examples like: the program aims to attain 20 to 30% reduction in particulate matter by 2024, by taking 2017 as the base year. We can conclude by mentioning some initiatives like the SAFAR, Water sprayers in Delhi, etc. IASBABA REFERENCE: https://iasbaba.com/2020/09/national-clean-air-programme-to-be-modified/ https://iasbaba.com/2019/02/daily-current-affairs-ias-upsc-prelims-and-mains-exam-30th-january-2019/ IASbaba TLP PLUS Test 18  Should air pollution be considered a ‘disaster’? Comment. What mitigative measures would you suggest to address the problem of worsening air quality in Indian cities? Q.18) Discuss the recent measures initiated in the disaster management by the Government of India departing from the earlier reactive approach. (Answer in 250 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/ APPROACH: The question puts forth a demand to provide those measures of the Government of India regarding the disaster management which is different from earlier conventional measures. In other words, the earlier disaster management strategy of India involved rescue, relief and rehabilitation; how the recent measures propound the ethos of prediction, prevention and protection. Here we can include some of the measures like: Amending the National Disaster Response Framework to include mitigation as one of the strategies. Finance Commission’s recommendation of National Disaster Mitigation Fund. We can also include the seismic zoning map in Assam. Involvement of home guards and civilians rather than depending on the military personnel can also be quoted. IASBABA REFERENCE: https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2020/01/day-74-q-2-what-are-the-most-essential-components-of-disaster-preparedness-explain-with-the-help-of-suitable-examples/ Q.19) What are the determinants of left -wing extremism in Eastern part of India? What strategy should the Government of India, civil administration and security forces adopt to counter the threat in the affected areas? (Answer in 250 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/ APPROACH: There are two parts in the question, the first part asks to bring out the determining factors for the rise of left-wing extremism in the Eastern part of India. Here we can mention failure of land reforms - Naxalbari incident, underdevelopment, tyranny by the military personnel - AFSPA, etc. In the second part we need to suggest strategies of action for the given 3 bodies of governance. Government of India - proper funding and implementation of National Policy on Left Wing Extremism -2007 Civil Administration - profound percolation of government benefits under Integrated Action Plan, to come up with innovative schemes like MITANIN, etc. Security: to use powers with restraint, come up with battalions like Greyhounds, CoBRA, etc. IASBABA REFERENCE: IASbaba TLP PLUS test 6  Regional connectivity and cultural identification are imperative for assuaging the feeling of alienation in the Northeast. Analyse. https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/08/day-52-q-1-what-strategies-do-left-wing-extremists-adopt-to-destabilise-the-democracy-what-has-been-the-governments-strategy-to-thwart-such-threats-examine/ https://iasbaba.com/2020/12/day-62-q-1-is-lack-of-development-the-real-cause-for-the-spread-of-left-wing-extremism-lwe-critically-comment/ Q.20) Analyse internal security threats and transborder crimes along Myanmar, Bangladesh and Pakistan borders including Line of Control (LoC). Also, discuss the role played by various security forces in this regard. (Answer in 250 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/ APPROACH: There are two parts to the question; Structure the 1st part into 3 sections - Myanmar, Bangladesh, and Pakistan; and provide transborder threats and crimes specific to those regions. Here we need to provide good statistics and examples. Ex: increase in the counterfeit currencies at the borders after the oncoming of new currency notes, etc. In the second part, we need to mention examples of CIBMS, Bold QUIT, Integrated Check posts, Operation Meghdoot, etc. IASBABA REFERENCE: IASbaba TLP PLUS test 2  India has to walk the diplomatic tightrope for balancing its domestic priorities with the need to have stable relations with the neighbours. IASbaba TLP PLUS test 8  Expansion of physical infrastructure in the Northeast has huge local and regional (in terms of India’s cross border ties) significance. Comment. In this light, examine the initiatives taken by the central government. https://iasbaba.com/2020/12/day-64-q-3-how-do-cross-border-linkages-amongst-terrorist-and-insurgent-organisations-create-security-threats-examine/ https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2020/02/day-94-q-1-how-is-illegal-movement-of-goods-and-people-across-the-border-a-security-threat-illustrate-with-the-help-of-suitable-examples/ Download the PDF of GS 3 Analysis here -> CLICK HERE [VIDEO] GS1 GS2, GS3, GS4 & ESSAY ANALYSIS - UPSC MAINS 2020 by IASbaba -> CLICK HERE Thank You IASbaba