Dec 29, 2020 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 29th December 2020

Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) USA's plan to have Nuclear Reactor On Moon Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Sci & tech In news  USA’s plan to have the first nuclear reactor on the moon by the end of 2026 got a new push with a recent White House directive. USA President issued the “National Strategy for Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion. US Department of Energy in collaboration with NASA also intends to solicit industry design proposals in early 2021 for the same purpose.  Key takeaways  Under the directive, NASA was asked to initiate fission surface power project for lunar surface demonstration by 2027 with scalability to a power range of 40 kilowatt-electric and higher to support a sustained lunar presence and exploration of Mars”. NASA aims to establish a flight hardware system that is ready for integrating with the lunar lander by 2026-end.  The fission power system — as the nuclear reactor is called — will benefit future robotic and human exploration missions to the moon as well as Mars. The availability of safe, efficient, and readily available power is critical to these missions and a fission surface power system meets those requirements. The fission surface power system will be fully manufactured and assembled on earth and integrated on a lander as a payload. The system consists of four major subsystems including a nuclear reactor, an electric power conversion unit, heat rejection array, and power management and distribution subsystem.  It will be designed to operate for up to 10 years. Antarctic iceberg A68 becomes cause for concern for South Georgia Island  Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Environment In news  The giant Antarctic iceberg A68 has become a cause for concern for South Georgia Island. Key takeaways  The giant iceberg A68, the biggest block of free-floating ice from Antarctica with an area of about 5,800 sq. km, has been drifting in the Atlantic Ocean since 2017. In 2020, due to an ocean current, the iceberg was propelled into the South Atlantic Ocean and since then it has been drifting towards the remote sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia, which is a British Overseas Territory (BOT). This has prompted fears about the impact the iceberg could have on the island’s abundant wildlife. Icebergs travel with ocean currents and either get caught up in shallow waters or ground themselves. Recently, US National Ice Center (USNIC) confirmed that two new icebergs calved from A68a and were large enough to be named and tracked. They are called A68E and A68F. Do you know?  South Georgia is an island in the southern Atlantic Ocean that is part of the British Overseas Territory of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (SGSSI).  The main settlement is Grytviken. The US National Ice Center (USNIC) is responsible for naming icebergs, which are named according to the Antarctic quadrant in which they are spotted.  National Common Mobility Card (NCMC) inaugurated Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – Policies and Interventions In news  Indian Prime Minister recently inaugurated fully operational National Common Mobility Card service on the Airport Express Line of Delhi Metro, The card service was started in Ahmedabad in 2019. Key takeaways  This one card will give integrated access to the commuters wherever they travel, whichever public transport they take. The idea of NCMC was floated by the Nandan Nilekani committee set up by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). NCMC will allow passengers with RuPay debit card, issued in the last 18 months by 23 banks to be swiped for Metro travel.  This facility will become available on the entire Delhi Metro network by 2022. NCMC is an automatic fare collection system.  It will turn smartphones into an inter-operable transport card that commuters can use to pay for Metro, bus and suburban railways services. It will allow entry and exit from Metro stations with the help of a smartphone, known as the automatic fare collection (AFC) system. Important value additions  One Nation, One system examples One Nation, One Fastag has made travel seamless on highways across the country. One Nation, One Tax: GST has ended the complications in the tax system and has brought uniformity in indirect tax system. One Nation, One Power Grid, is ensuring adequate and continuous power availability in every part of the country. With One Nation, One Gas Grid, Seamless Gas Connectivity is being ensured of the parts where gas-based life and economy were absent  One Nation, One Health Insurance Scheme, that is, Ayushman Bharat through which millions of people from India are taking advantage anywhere in the country. Citizens moving from one place to another have got freedom from the trouble of making new ration cards through One Nation, One Ration Card. Similarly, the country is moving in the direction of One Nation, One Agriculture Market due to new agricultural reforms and arrangements like e-NAM. NMPB Consortia For Medicinal Plants Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – Health In news  National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB), Ministry of AYUSH has launched Consortia for Medicinal Plants. Key takeaways  NMPB envisions the necessity of connectivity between stakeholders in the supply chain and value chain of Medicinal Plants. NMPB Consortia will address Quality Planting Material, Research & Development, Cultivation, Trade of medicinal plants/market linkage etc. To establish the linkage between the farmers and manufacturers, a ‘Seed to Shelf’ approach is being introduced, wherein, aspects related to Quality Planting Materials (QPM), Good Agriculture Practices (GAP’s), Good Post Harvest Practices (GPHP’s) would be addressed. In the first phase, NMPB consortia is proposed for medicinal plant species - Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Pippali (Piper longum), Aonla (Phyllanthus emblica), Guggulu (Commiphora wightii), Satavari (Asparagus racemosus). Important value additions  The National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB)  It has been established by Government of India to coordinate with all matters relating to Medicinal Plants and Support Policies and Programs for growth of trade, export, conservation and cultivation.  The board is working under Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha & Homeopathy (AYUSH). Pneumosil: First pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – Health & GS-III – Sci & tech In news  Union Health Minister inaugurated India's first pneumococcal conjugate vaccine "Pneumosil". Key takeaways  It has been developed by the Serum Institute of India Private Limited (SIIPL) in collaboration with various other partners like the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. This Indigenous Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine will be available in the market under the brand name "Pneumosil" at an affordable price in a single dose (vial and pre-filled syringe) and Multidose (vial) presentations. Pneumosil is effective in the prevention of Pneumonia disease. Important value additions  Pneumonia It is an Infection that inflames air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid. With pneumonia, the air sacs may fill with fluid or pus. The infection can be life-threatening to anyone, but particularly to infants, children and people over 65. Symptoms: A cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills and difficulty breathing. Antibiotics can treat many forms of pneumonia.  Some forms of pneumonia can be prevented by vaccines. A common cause of bacterial pneumonia is Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). Do you know?  A conjugate vaccine is a substance that is composed of a polysaccharide antigen fused (conjugated) to a carrier molecule.  This enhances the stability and the effectiveness of the vaccine. Portulaca Laljii: A new species of wild sun rose Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Biodiversity In news  Botanists have discovered a new species of wild sun rose from the Eastern Ghats in India. Key takeaways  The new species, named Portulaca laljii was discovered from Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh.  It has unique features such as a tuberous root, no hair in its leaf axils, a reddish pink flower, prolate-shaped fruits, and copper brown seeds without lustre. The flowers are very attractive and bloom for months from June to February. The plant bears beautiful, tiny pink flowers for eight months.  It is because of the succulent nature of tuberous roots that the plant can survive on rocky crevices. Do you know?  Portulaca laljii has been named to honour the contribution of Lal Ji Singh, an eminent botanist of the Botanical Survey of India associated with its Andaman and Nicobar Centre. (Mains Focus) ECONOMY/ GOVERNANCE/ ENVIRONMENT Topic: General Studies 2,3: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development  How biofuels can double farm incomes Context: India currently consumes only one-third of the global average consumption of energy. Also, India imports about 84% of our oil and 56% of our gas for domestic use  As we move towards more robust energy consumption figures, the country faces the unique challenge of the following A ballooning appetite while cutting dependence on imports Greening the grid while ensuring affordability Replacing old forms of energy production while boosting employment. Improving the human and economic capital of the people.  In the above context, biofuels have become a tool for achieving these delicate balance of outcomes. Ethanol Blending Programme Objective of Scheme: The aim is to achieve 10% ethanol blending in petrol by 2022 and 20% blending by 2030 — something that will cut down carbon emissions in vehicles. Source for Ethanol Production: The primary raw material for ethanol production in India is sugarcane and its by-products, accounting for more than 90% of fuel ethanol supplies under the ethanol blended petrol (EBP) programme of Union Government. In addition to sugarcane, ethanol is also produced from damaged food grains, B-heavy molasses and sugarcane juice Benefits Sugar Industry: EBP programme injects liquidity into the stressed sugar sector. This programme also encourages diversion of sugarcane for ethanol production, which results in a decrease in the sugar glut in the country. Helps in Doubling Farmers Income: EBP scheme provides an alternative revenue stream to farmers. A sum of nearly Rs 35,000 crore in the past six years has flown back to farmers through sugar mills and distilleries as oil marketing companies (OMCs) provide off-take guarantee at fixed prices.  Improves Payment Cycle for farmers: The arrangement of OMCs providing off-take guarantee at fixed prices also improves the health of the payment cycle to farmers since OMCs settle their ethanol dues to distilleries in 21 days instead of the months that the farmers had to wait for their payment from sugar mills. Alternative Market for Rice produce: The recent decision to utilise surplus rice available with the Food Corporation of India and maize as an additional source of feedstock for ethanol production, starting this year, means farmers will now have an alternative market for their produce. Increased Production indicates India moving in right direction: Ethanol supplies have improved from 380 million litres in 2013-14 to 1.89 billion litres in 2019. Offers of about 3.5 billion litres from both sugar/molasses and grain-based distilleries are expected in 2020-21. Determined Push: In 2019, in a first for the Republic Day parade, the Indian Air Force flew aircraft in a Vic formation, with the lead plane using a mix of traditional fuel and biofuel, symbolising the government’s determination to seek alternative sources of fuel.  National Policy on Biofuels  Objective: The Policy formulated in 2018 targets 5% blending of biodiesel in diesel by 2030.  Source: The policy encourages setting up of supply chain mechanisms for biodiesel production from non-edible oilseeds, used cooking oil and short-gestation crops.  Better land use and increased farmer income: These crops can be easily cultivated in various states on land that is barren or not fit for edible crops, thus leading to efficient land usage and boosting farm incomes. Increased Farmers Income: A total of Rs 1 lakh crore worth of biofuel will be purchased by OMCs every year in the near future for blending. This money will be ploughed back to the rural economy, thus doubling farmers’ incomes.  Increased Production indicates India moving in right direction: Biodiesel procured by OMCs for blending high speed diesel has increased from 11.9 million litres in 2015-16 to 105.5 million litres last year. Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation (SATAT)  Objective: The scheme launched in October 2018 aims to establish an ecosystem for production of compressed biogas (CBG) from various waste biomass sources in the country. Under SATAT, 5000 CBG plants with a total production capacity of 15 million metric tonne per annum (MMTPA), which is equivalent to 54 MMSCMD of gas by 2023, has been planned. Investment Potential: This initiative offers a potential for investment of about Rs 1.75 lakh crore, generating about 75,000 direct employment opportunities. Environmental benefits: The SATAT scheme will not only stanch greenhouse gas emissions, but will reduce burning of agricultural residue, which results in significant air pollution in cities like Delhi Increases Farmer Income: One of the byproducts of CBG plants is biomanure, which can be used in farming. The scheme also generate employment in rural and waste management sectors, and boost income for farmers from their unutilised organic waste. Conclusion The components of a biofuel supply chain create a circular rural economy that results in substantial environmental, socio-economic and health benefits for communities Connecting the dots: Paris Climate Deal India’s Strategic Petroleum reserves SCIENCE & TECH/ INTERNATIONAL/ SECURITY Topic: General Studies 2,3: International Events and its implication on Security of Nations Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life. US Cyber Attack: SolarWinds hack Context: SolarWinds, a major US information technology firm, was the subject of a cyberattack that spread to its clients and went undetected for months An unusual hack Earlier this year, hackers secretly broke into Texas-based SolarWind's systems and added malicious code into the company's software system.  The system, called "Orion," is widely used by companies to manage IT resources. Solarwinds has 33,000 customers that use Orion Most software providers regularly send out updates to their systems, whether it's fixing a bug or adding new features. SolarWinds is no exception.  Beginning as early as March 2020, SolarWinds unwittingly sent out software updates to its customers that included the hacked code.  A private cybersecurity firm called FireEye was the first to notice the breach in Dec 2020 when it noticed that its own systems were hacked. The code created a backdoor to customer's information technology systems, which hackers then used to install even more malware that helped them spy on companies and organizations. The victims SolarWinds told the US regulatory authorities that up to 18,000 of its customers installed updates that left them vulnerable to hackers.  Since SolarWinds has many high profile clients, including Fortune 500 companies and multiple agencies in the US government, the breach could be massive. US agencies, including parts of the Pentagon, the Department of Homeland Security, the State Department, the Department of Energy, the National Nuclear Security Administration, and the Treasury were attacked.  So were private companies, like Microsoft, Cisco, Intel, and Deloitte, and other organizations like the California Department of State Hospitals, and Kent State University. And since the hack was done so stealthily, and went undetected for months, security experts say that some victims may never know if they were hacked or not Who did it? Federal investigators and cybersecurity experts say that Russia's Foreign Intelligence Service, known as the SVR, is probably responsible for the attack.  Russian intelligence was also credited with breaking into the email servers in the White House, the State Department, and the Joint Chiefs of Staff in 2014 and 2015.  Later, the same group attacked the Democratic National Committee and members of the Hilary Clinton presidential campaign. Russia has denied any involvement with the breach and President Trump has suggested, without evidence, that Chinese hackers may be the culprits. Why it matters? Now that multiple networks have been penetrated, it's expensive and very difficult to secure systems. There are fears that, with access to government networks, hackers could, "destroy or alter data, and impersonate legitimate people”. Not only is the breach one of the largest in recent memory, but it also comes as a wake-up call for federal cybersecurity efforts.  The US Cyber Command, which receives billions of dollars in funding and is tasked with protecting American networks, was "blindsided" by the attack. Thus, the hack could accelerate broad changes in the cybersecurity apparatus.  The US government may reorganize its cybersecurity efforts by making the Cyber Command independent from National Security Agency Companies are turning to a new method of assuming that there are already breaches, rather than merely reacting to attacks after they are found (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note:  Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers.  Comments Up-voted by IASbaba are also the “correct answers”. Q.1 Portulaca Laljii, a new species of wild sun rose was recently found in which of the following region?  Eastern Ghats  Western Ghats  Himalayas  Andaman and Nicobar Islands Q.2 Pneumosil which was recently in news is a conjugate vaccine for which of the following?  Liver cancer  Coronavirus  Pneumonia  Malaria Q.3 National Medicinal Plants Board works under which of the following ministry?  Ministry of Health  Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers  Ministry of AYUSH Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change Q.4 Consider the following statements regarding National Common Mobility Card:  It will turn smartphones into an interoperable transport card that commuters can use to pay for Metro, Bus and Suburban Railway services.  The card service was first started in Mumbai in 2019. Which of the above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2  Neither 1 nor 2 ANSWERS FOR 28th December 2020 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 C 2 A 3 C 4 B Must Read On Afghanistan's slow progress toward peace and stability: The Hindu On India’s two front challenge: The Hindu About 5G race led by China: Indian Express

Dec 29, 2020 AIR

The 12th BRICS Summit - Global Stability, Shared Security and Innovative Growth - All India Radio (AIR) IAS UPSC

ARCHIVES The 12th BRICS Summit - Global Stability, Shared Security and Innovative Growth Search 17th Nov, 2020 Spotlight News Analysis here: http://www.newsonair.com/Main_Audio_Bulletins_Search.aspx   TOPIC: General Studies 2 Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving Indiaand/or affecting India’s interests Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora. Hosted by: Russia Theme: Global Stability, Shared Security and Innovative Growth During the 12th summit, held in the backdrop of the 75th anniversary of the UN and in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, leaders will be discussing intra-BRICS cooperation and key issues in the global context, including the reform of the multilateral system Discuss measures to mitigate the impact of the ongoing pandemic, cooperation in counter terrorism, trade, health, energy and people to people exchanges. The purpose of the Russian BRICS chairmanship in 2020, as it is for multifaceted cooperation between the BRICS countries, is to contribute to raising living standards and quality of life of our people BRICS counter-terrorism strategy The member countries calls upon all nations to take appropriate measures to prevent the use of their territories for terrorist bases or the perpetration or organization of terrorist acts intended to be committed against other States or their citizens. It also stressed on the need for all States to refrain from organizing, instigating, facilitating, participating in, financing, encouraging or tolerating terrorist activities and to take appropriate practical measures to ensure that their territories are not used for terrorist bases or preparation or organization of terrorist acts intended to be committed against other States or their citizens. The BRICS declaration countries also underlined the cross-border movement of terrorists. BRICS countries recognize that acts, methods and practices of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations are activities aimed at the destruction of human rights, fundamental freedoms and democracy, threatening territorial integrity, security of States, and that the international community should take the necessary steps to enhance cooperation to prevent and combat terrorism, including cross-border movement of terrorists. While Russia was the key drafting country as the host and chair of BRICS this year, China also signed off on the declaration which talked about “respect for territorial integrity” of Syria, Libya, Iraq and in the context of the UN. However, there was no mention of the over six-month border stand-off between India and China. PM Modi at BRICS ‘Self-reliant India’ Campaign: The campaign is based on the belief that a self-reliant and resilient India post-Covid can be a force multiplier for the global economy and make a strong contribution to the global value chains. India was able to send essential medicines to more than 150 countries due to the capability of the Indian pharma industry. Our vaccine production and delivery capacity will also work in the interest of humanity like this. On BRICS economies: BRICS economies will play a crucial role in the global recovery after the pandemic. We have more than 42 per cent of the world’s population, and our countries are among the main engines of the global economy. There is a lot of scope for increasing mutual trade between BRICS countries. Our mutual institutions and systems—such as BRICS Inter-Bank Cooperation Mechanism, New Development Bank, Contingent Reserve Arrangement and Customs Cooperation—can also make our contribution effective in the global recovery. Terrorism: It is the “biggest problem” facing the world and asserted that there was a need to tackle the menace in an organised manner. We have to ensure that the countries that support and assist the terrorists are also held guilty. Reform of UNSC: Underlined the need to reform of the United Nations Security Council as well as multilateral bodies like the World Trade Organisation and the International Monetary Fund. China at BRICS Offered to cooperate with India and other BRICS nations in the development of vaccines against the coronavirus:  Chinese companies are working with their Russian and Brazilian partners on phase three clinical trials for vaccines. To support the development of BRICS Vaccine R&D centre, China has designated its own national centre. China proposed a BRICS symposium on traditional medicine to explore its role in coronavirus prevention and treatment China will open the BRICS partnership on a new industrial revolution innovation centre in the Chinese city of Xiamen. About BRICS (Brazil-Russia-India-China-South Africa) On November 30, 2001, Jim O’Neill, a British economist who was then chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management, coined the term ‘BRIC’ to describe the four emerging economies of Brazil, Russia, India, and China. Established in 2009, BRICS represents the collective voice of the Global South with Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa as its members.  After its establishment more than a decade ago, BRICS became the first-ever compact non-Western, inter-continental multilateral club.  It was lauded as a unique experiment to bring together politically, economically and culturally diverse countries who share a range of concerns and interests with regard to the functioning of the western liberal international order.  BRICS has been driven by the idea to challenge, if not dismantle, western hegemony and bring new ideas on the table for global governance. The BRICS is mainly portrayed as a grouping of fast-emerging economies with huge market potential. Bilateral relations among BRICS nations are conducted on the basis of non-interference, equality, and mutual benefit. There are two components that make up the financial architecture of BRICS: New Development Bank (NDB) (BRICS Development Bank)  Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA). NOTE: A. BRICS 5G Innovation Base BRICS 5G innovation base has been proposed by China. Objective: To take forward 5G and Artificial Intelligence (AI) cooperation BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). Key takeaways  Due to ongoing tensions between India and China, India is reluctant to join the programme while other countries are willing to allow China’s participation in their 5G networks. India has made clear that a return to normalcy cannot be possible while tensions along the Line of Actual Control remain unresolved. India has also recently joined the ‘Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI)’ as a founding member. Russia has agreed to work with China on 5G. In South Africa, Huawei is providing services to provide 5G networks. Brazil has allowed participation of Huawei in 5G trials. B. Counter-Terrorism Strategy by BRICS The five-nation grouping BRICS has adopted a new counter-terrorism strategy to effectively deal with terrorism. Key takeaways  Objective:  To complement and strengthen the existing bilateral and multilateral ties among the BRICS countries;  To make a meaningful contribution to the global efforts of preventing and combating the threat of terrorism. The BRICS countries reaffirmed that terrorism in all its forms and manifestations constitutes one of the most serious threats to international peace and security and that any act of terrorism committed is a crime and has no justification. They also recognized that the international community should take the necessary steps to enhance cooperation to prevent and combat terrorism, including cross-border movement of terrorists. Connecting the Dots: BRICS represent the aspirations of developing countries. Comment. Do a comparative analysis of the genesis and objectives of BRICS, RIC and IBSA.  

Dec 29, 2020 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz - 2020 : IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs Quiz 29th Dec 2020

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. This is a part of our recently launched, NEW INITIATIVE IASbaba’s INTEGRATED REVISION PLAN (IRP) 2020 – Road Map for the next 100 Days! FREE INITIATIVE! We will make sure, in the next 4 months not a single day is wasted. All your energies are channelized in the right direction. Trust us! This will make a huge difference in your results this time, provided that you follow this plan sincerely every day without fail. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” To Know More about the Initiative -> CLICK HERE SCHEDULE/DETAILED PLAN – > CLICK HERE Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :) After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken and solutions. To take the Test - Click here

Dec 29, 2020 TLP Mains 2020

[COMPILATIONS] DECEMBER 2020 -IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 2 - ENGLISH & हिंदी): UPSC Mains 2020 Answer Writing

For TLP (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE Hello Friends, Hope you all have enjoyed the daily 5 questions from TLP. There are 10 more days to go for Mains Exam. Make sure that you go through all the compilations. Believe in yourself and stay confident. The Mock tests will be held on 31st December 2020 (GS 1 and GS 2), 1st January 2021 ( GS -3 and GS - 4) and 2nd January 2021 (Essay). In order to get the real feel of the exam, try to take the tests diligently on time. Here, we have come up with the much-awaited compilations of  TLP. Make the best use of it. To Know More about the Initiative -> CLICK HERE SCHEDULE/DETAILED PLAN – > CLICK HERE DOWNLOAD THE  TLP COMPILATIONS - DECEMBER 2020 CURRENT AFFAIRS - Click Here General Studies 1 - Click Here General Studies 2 - Click Here General Studies 3 - Click Here General Studies 4 - Click Here TO DOWNLOAD OCTOBER and NOVEMBER 2020 COMPILATIONS -> CLICK HERE To get Regular Updates from IASbaba, follow- TELEGRAM Channel – https://t.me/IASbabaOfficialAccount YOUTUBE  –  https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChvbVdio9Wgj7Z3nQz1Q0ZQ FACEBOOK  – https://www.facebook.com/iasbaba/ Also, SUBSCRIBE to the WEBSITE Below, so that you don’t miss out on important posts! Thank You IASbaba

Dec 28, 2020 RSTV Video

India, ASEAN Summit: Enhancing Ties – The Big Picture – RSTV IAS UPSC

India, ASEAN Summit: Enhancing Ties Archives Topic: General Studies 2: Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate.  Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests. In News: Prime Minister Narendra Modi said enhancing all kinds of connectivity, including in social, digital and financial spheres, with the 10-nation ASEAN grouping is a major priority for India. He made the remarks at a virtual summit between India and the ASEAN.  The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is considered one of the most influential groupings in the region, and India and several other countries including the US, China, Japan and Australia are its dialogue partners.  The summit took place amid China’s aggressive behaviour in the disputed South China Sea as well as in eastern Ladakh. A number of ASEAN countries have territorial disputes with China in the South China Sea.  Theme: Cohesive and Responsive ASEAN The ASEAN leaders – Acknowledged India’s contribution towards promoting peace and stability in the region and welcomed India’s support to ASEAN centrality.  The Leaders also welcomed the adoption of the new ASEAN-India Plan of Action for 2021-2025. The discussions also covered regional and international issues of common interest and concern, including South China Sea and terrorism.  Both sides noted the importance of promoting a rules-based order in the region including through upholding adherence to international law, especially the UNCLOS.  The leaders affirmed the importance of maintaining and promoting peace, stability, safety and security in the South China Sea, and ensuring freedom of navigation and overflight. ASEAN and India The ties between India and ASEAN have been on an upswing in the last few years with focus being on ramping up cooperation in the areas of trade and investment as well as security and defence.  The ASEAN region along with India together comprises a combined population of 1.85 billion people, which is one fourth of the global population and their combined GDP has been estimated at over USD 3.8 trillion. ASEAN-India strategic partnership stands on a strong foundation of shared geographical, historical and civilisational ties. India’s Act East Policy, underlining ASEAN centrality, reflects the importance, India attaches to engagement with ASEAN. India was one of the first countries to welcome ASEAN Outlook on Indo-Pacific, which has a lot in common with India’s own Indo-Pacific Vision. New Delhi wants to see a strong, unified and prosperous ASEAN playing a central role in the Indo-Pacific region. With the increasing focus on oceans as providers of resources, the reservoirs of biodiversity, the highways of global trade and the frontiers of scientific research, cooperation in the maritime domain has become increasingly important under the overall rubric of ASEAN-India cooperation. ASEAN and India share land and maritime borders, and there is a lot of scope for enhancing connectivity through land, air and sea. India-Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway is an ongoing effort to enhance road connectivity between Northeast India and Southeast Asia. There is good air-connectivity between India and several ASEAN countries, including Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia. Last year, Indigo and Vietjet started air-services between India and Vietnam. With the Indo-Pacific gaining salience in global discourse, the partnership between India and ASEAN is poised to achieve new strengths. India –   Underlined the centrality of ASEAN in India's Act East Policy   Noted that a cohesive, responsive and prosperous ASEAN is central to India's Indo-Pacific Vision and contributes to Security And Growth for All in the Region (SAGAR).  Underscored the importance of strengthening convergence between India's Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative and the ASEAN Outlook on Indo-Pacific, to ensure a free, open, inclusive and rules-based Indo-Pacific region.  He also invited the ASEAN countries to cooperate on various pillars of India’s Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI). On COVID-19 Highlighted India's response and broader support to the international community, and welcomed ASEAN's initiatives to fight the pandemic.  Prime Minister announced a contribution of US$ 1 million to the COVID-19 ASEAN Response Fund. On connectivity Underscored the importance of greater physical and digital connectivity between ASEAN and India Reiterated India's offer of US$ 1 billion Line of Credit to support ASEAN connectivity On trade and investment, underlined the importance of diversification and resilience of supply chains for post-COVID economic recovery. Connecting the Dots: What are India’s strategic and economic interests in the ASEAN? What measures have been taken for increasing outreach to the ASEAN countries? Examine.

Dec 28, 2020 MindMaps

Mind Maps: Article 356 & Judicial Overreach - General Studies 2

Mind Maps: Article 356 & Judicial Overreach - General Studies 2 For Previous Important Topics (Mind Maps) - ARCHIVES Hello Friends, Recently we have come up with a NEW INITIATIVE - BRAINSTORMING THROUGH MIND-MAPS! Mind-map is an incredible powerful thinking tool, an innate human language that will have immense benefit in your preparation. The main idea is to brainstorm different aspects of an issue - think in multi-dimensions; what we call 360 degrees of an issue. The whole of this exercise will unleash your creativity to push your brain cells to recall the data learnt and to make it more relevant for your preparation. It will help you to make your Revision and Retention a far better apart from giving you more Clarity in the topics/issue at hand and improve your Concentration. You can see the drastic impact mind-maps will have in a few weeks, provided you are regular with this exercise. So here we are with Today’s TOPIC! Article 356 & Judicial Overreach - General Studies 2 NOTE – Instructions to download Mind Maps/Images Right Click on the image and ‘Open image in new tab’ Remove/Delete the resolution part from the URL. Eg. “-1536x757” and Press Enter/Load Again Right Click and Save Image As/Download (You’ll get the maximum resolution) Article 356 & Judicial Overreach   YOUR PARTICIPATION? – VERY IMPORTANT Unlike what we were doing before, in this initiative we want students to learn and brainstorm through mind-maps (It is not necessary that you use a software/tool to design mind maps. You can prepare mindmaps using a pen and a sheet of paper). We will share the final printable mind map twice a week. We will also provide specific inputs on your mind maps to improve your skill of mind mapping.  To Know More about the initiative, Benefits and How to use a mind-map ->CLICK HERE Together we can, we will. The strength of the community is more powerful than individual effort. We have started it. You have to strengthen it” You can Start sharing Your Mind-maps (get feedback from IASbaba) & Topics of your interest in the comment section below!!   Thank You IASbaba

Dec 28, 2020 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 28th December 2020

Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Financial grants distributed to Namghars Part of: GS Prelims and GS-I – Culture & GS-II – Policies and Interventions In news  The Union Home Minister distributed financial grants to 8,000 Namghars under the Assam Darshan programme. Important value additions  Namghars are traditional Vaisnavite monasteries of Assam.  Namghars (literally meaning Prayer House) are places for congregational worship associated with the entire Assamese community and the Ekasarana sect of Hinduism, in particular, that is native to Assam. Besides forming the primary structure used for worship, they also function as meeting houses and theatres for dramatic performances (bhaona). The Namghar, also called the kirtanghar, is also the central structure in the Sattras (monasteries of the Ekasarana religion) where the other buildings are positioned around it. Namghars were introduced in Assam by the Vaishnavite saints Damodaradeva, Madhavadeva and Sankaradeva for Assamese people where they can culture and practice naam (devotional songs) and Bhakti of God (devotion). Government introduces mandatory physical verification of business premises for GST registration Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – GST; Taxation In news  The government has introduced mandatory physical verification of business premises for the purposes of obtaining GST registration. Key takeaways  The move is aimed at controlling the menace of GST fake invoice frauds.  Recommended by: GST Council’s law committee. Separately, a new rule has been introduced by the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs that mandates businesses with monthly turnover of over ₹50 lakh to pay at least 1% of their GST liability in cash instead of using input tax credits to discharge their entire liability. The validity of e-way bills has also been changed, doubling the distance to be covered for each day of validity, effective January 1.  Till now, an e-way bill for transporting goods under GST allowed transporters to cover 100 km in one day.  Now, that distance for each day of validity has been increased to 200 km. Related articles: GST compensation: Click here Global energy companies demand Natural Gas under GST regime: Click here CAG report on GST: Click here BBX11: A gene that facilitates in the greening of plants Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Sci & tech In news  Researchers at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) have identified a gene that facilitates in the greening of plants.  This gene plays a crucial role in regulating the levels of protochlorophyllide which is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the green pigment chlorophyll. Key takeaways  IISER scientists have identified the gene ‘BBX11'.  The study was recently published in the British journal New Phytologist. The synthesis of chlorophyll in plants is a lengthy, multi-step process.  When a seedling emerges from under the soil it must quickly synthesise chlorophyll to start supporting its own growth. In order to facilitate quick synthesis of chlorophyll, plants make a precursor of chlorophyll called ‘protochlorophyllide’ in the dark, which glows red when blue light is shone on the plant. As soon as the plant comes out into the light from under the soil, light-dependent enzymes convert protochlorophyllide to chlorophyll. The amount of protochlorophyllide synthesised needs to be proportional to the number of enzymes available to convert them to chlorophyll. If there is excess of free protochlorophyllide, then exposure to light converts it into molecules that cause ‘photobleaching’. Scientists find first possible radio signal from a planet beyond our solar system Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Sci & tech In news  An international team of scientists has collected the first possible radio signal from a planet beyond our solar system, emanating from an exoplanet system about 51 light-years away. Key takeaways  Using the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR), a radio telescope in the Netherlands, the researchers uncovered emission bursts from the Tau Bootes star-system hosting a so-called hot Jupiter, a gaseous giant planet that is very close to its own sun. Tau Bootes is an F-type main-sequence star approximately 51 light-years away in the constellation of Bootes.  It is a binary star system, with the secondary star being a red dwarf. If confirmed through follow-up observations, this radio detection opens up a new window on exoplanets and provides a novel way to examine alien worlds that are tens of light-years away. Coronavirus variant circulating in the UK defined by many mutations Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Sci & tech In news  The coronavirus variant circulating in the UK is defined by many mutations. Key takeaways  A mutation means an alteration in genetic material. In an RNA virus such as SARS-CoV-2, proteins are made of a sequence of amino acids.  Such a virus contains some 30,000 ‘base pairs’, which are like bricks placed next to each other to form a structure.  An alteration in this base can be a mutation, effectively changing the shape and behaviour of the virus. In the UK variant, one mutation has made the virus more likely to bind with human proteins called receptors. This is called N501Y. N501Y In simple words, the amino acid represented by the letter N, and present at position 501 in the coronavirus genetic structure, has been replaced in that position with another amino acid, represented by Y. The position where this alteration has taken place is in the spike protein’s receptor-binding domain. Therefore, the mutation has increased the binding affinity of the coronavirus. The mutated virus reportedly accounts for 60% of recent infections in London. Do you know?  According the WHO, other than N501Y, mutations that “may influence the transmissibility of the virus in humans” are P681H and HV 69/70. P681H: This mutation has occurred in the amino acid present at 681. The amino acid P has been replaced with H. HV 69/70: This mutation is the result of a deletion of amino acids at positions 69 and 70.  These positions are again in the spike protein of the virus.  This deletion has been observed in France and South Africa as well. 1000-yrs Old Monpa Handmade Paper Industry brought alive in AP Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Policies and Interventions In news  The 1000-year old heritage art – the Monpa Handmade Paper of Arunachal Pradesh – which was driven to the extinction has been revived with the committed efforts of  Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC). Key takeaways  The art of making Monpa handmade paper originated over 1000 years ago.  This handmade paper was a major source of livelihood for the locals. However, the handmade paper industry almost disappeared in the last 100 years. Recently, KVIC commissioned a Monpa handmade paper making unit in Tawang which aims at reviving the art and engaging the local youths with this art professionally and earn.  The Monpa handmade paper, will be made from the bark of a local tree called Shugu Sheng, which has medicinal values too. Hence availability of raw material will not be a problem. Do you know?  The fine-textured handmade paper, which is called Mon Shugu in the local dialect, is integral to the vibrant culture of the local tribes in Tawang.  The paper has great historic and religious significance as it is the paper used for writing Buddhist scriptures and hymns in monasteries.  Apart from handmade paper, Tawang is known for two other local crafts – handmade pottery and handmade furniture – that are also getting extinct with passage of time.  It was announced that within six months, plans will be rolled out for revival of these two local arts Important value additions  The Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC)  It is a statutory body formed in April 1957 (as per an RTI) by the Government of India, under the Act of Parliament, ‘Khadi and Village Industries Commission Act of 1956’.  It is an apex organisation under the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises.  Vision – To plan, promote, facilitate, organise and assist in the establishment and development of khadi and village industries in the rural areas in coordination with other agencies engaged in rural development wherever necessary. In April 1957, it took over the work of former All India Khadi and Village Industries Board. Head office: Mumbai Six zonal offices: Delhi, Bhopal, Bangalore, Kolkata, Mumbai and Guwahati.  Indian Army to request waiver to take Kamov-226T Utility Helicopters Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III –Defence and Security In news  The Indian Army is going to approach the Defence Ministry for a waiver to take the Kamov-226T (Ka-226T) utility helicopters with Russia. Key takeaways  In 2015, India and Russia concluded an Inter-Governmental Agreement (IGA) for 200 Ka-226T helicopters estimated to cost over USD 1 billion. The Kamov-226T is meant to replace Cheetah and Chetak fleets of the Indian Army and the Air Force. The Ka-226T is a design of Russia's famed Kamov design bureau. It is a light helicopter, with a maximum take-off weight of over 3.5 tonnes and can carry a payload of up to 1 tonne. The Ka-226T uses coaxial rotors which is especially advantageous in high-altitude environments.  The Ka-226T also has a unique, detachable 'mission' compartment which allows the helicopter to be adapted for different roles such as surveillance and cargo delivery. Issues with the Old Fleet of Helicopters About 75% of the Army’s fleet of Cheetah and Chetak helicopters is over 30 years old which need urgent replacements. Operational capability has been impacted due to deficiencies and non-availability of replacement. Miscellaneous India International Science Festival (IISF)-2020 concluded The 6th edition of India International Science Festival (IISF-2020) concluded recently.  IISF is an annual event.  Organised jointly by: Science & technology-related Ministries and Departments of the Government of India and Vijnana Bharati (Vibha). The first and second IISF were held in New Delhi, the third in Chennai, the fourth in Lucknow, and the fifth IISF was held in Kolkata. It is a festival to celebrate the achievements of India’s scientific and technological advancements with students, innovators, craftsmen, farmers, scientists and technocrats from India and abroad. IISF-2020 was held at virtual platform. Theme: ‘Science for Aatmanirbhar Bharat and Global Welfare’. Thoubal Multipurpose Project Thoubal Multipurpose Project was recently launched in Imphal by Union Home Minister.  (Mains Focus) HEALTH/ GOVERNANCE Topic: General Studies 2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Towards an effective vaccination distribution policy Context: India plans to vaccinate 300 million people against COVID-19 over the next 6-7 months. Key Challenges for the government Vaccination large numbers in quick time: The government plans to give priority to healthcare workers and other front-line workers, followed by everyone who is above 50 years of age. This will mean that roughly 20% of the population will be vaccinated by July or August 2021. Procurement of Vaccines: Since all the vaccines that are currently in the spotlight require two doses, the government will have to acquire 600 million doses. Steps taken by Government towards Vaccination Pune’s Serum Institute of India is the world’s largest producer of vaccines. There are reports that the government has already struck a deal with the Serum Institute to acquire 500 million doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine.  Emergency authorisation for this vaccine is likely to follow soon.  There are other vaccine frontrunners including Bharat Biotech’s Covaxin and the Russian Sputnik V whose clinical trials in India are being conducted by Reddy’s Labs.  So, provided that there are no last-minute setbacks, the government should have no problems in acquiring the required number of doses. What should be the guiding principle of Vaccination drive? A vaccination drive such as this should have two distinct objectives:  one, providing protection to those vaccinated,  Two, to minimise or at least slow down the speed and spread of the viral transmission. Who gets Priority? The government’s strategy of giving priority to front-line workers and elderly people is in line with the practice being followed in the U.K. and the U.S., the two major countries that have been the leaders in the COVID-19 vaccination drive.  The rationale for this is to protect those who are most likely to be infected in the future as well as those who are most vulnerable to the health consequences of the infection.  Vaccinating healthcare professionals satisfy both the above mentioned objectives: these are individuals who have high levels of exposure and they also act as active disease vectors since they interact with large numbers of people.  However, the priority given to older people may not actually minimise the total social and economic cost inflicted by the virus in the long run. The elderly are less mobile, have a lower level of social interaction, and are hence less likely to spread the virus. Alternative Suggestions: A younger person who interacts with a larger number of people is both more likely to be infected and subsequently infect others. This suggests that densely populated areas — for instance, the Dharavi slum — should receive far more attention than they are likely to get under the current strategy.  What about involving Private hospital in vaccination drive? The government’s procurement strategy seems to depend entirely on domestic sources. It also plans to rely entirely on public resources for distribution without involving private hospitals.  Moreover, the government plans to bear the entire cost of vaccination.  Alternative proposition: Suppose Pfizer or some other multinational pharmaceutical company approaches the government both for authorisation of a vaccine as well as for permission to import and sell (for a profit) to those who can afford it. Any approval from the government for private players will enable the affluent to jump the vaccination queue. This will inevitably attract the charge that the government is catering to the interests of the richer groups in the population. But perhaps a more dispassionate analysis would suggest that allowing the private sector will help provide additional supplies of the vaccine especially when interests of the poor are taken into account by government. The government will and should continue to procure all available domestically produced vaccines and supply them through its own distribution channel to people especially the poorer sections of society  Another potential benefit of allowing private players is that the larger the numbers who get vaccinated, the lower will be the speed of virus transmission amongst the non-vaccinated. Conclusion The government must examine the principle underlying the vaccination scheme and whether private players should be allowed space Connecting the dots: Vaccine Nationalism SCIENCE & TECH/ HEALTH/ GOVERNANCE/ Topic: General Studies 2, 3: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.  Virus Mutation: New SARS-CoV-2 strain Context: A year after the novel coronavirus announced itself in China, there was yet another critical update in December 2020 — the emergence of a new strain of the virus, caused by mutations, that seemed to be 70% more transmissible. Mutations were reported from different parts of the world, including Denmark, Australia, England and South Africa, but the rapid domination of the new strain — lineage B 1.1.7 — in the south of England set off a chain of events, including curbs on travel and Christmas celebrations. What is the WHO saying? WHO Chief cited a basic fact of virology, that viruses mutate over time and it is natural and is to be expected.  Trying to counter many ill-informed discussions triggered by panic from the usage of the word ‘mutation’, WHO Chief said the U.K. had reported that the transmission was higher, but there was no evidence that it causes a more severe disease.  He also added that ongoing studies will clear the air on this angle. Why do viruses mutate? Mutation is part of the life cycle of a virus.  Once the virus latches on to a host, it begins to replicate and make copies of itself.  During the process of virus replication, random errors arise, one or two protein molecules change, possibly induced by the immune response mounted within infected people. These changes in the genomic structure of the virus can be considered mutations. Not all mutations are significant, but those that affect the virus’s ability to survive or replicate are important. How was the new strain identified? The English variant was identified in genomic surveillance by COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK), a consortium that analyses genome sequencing data from the U.K. The variant is the result of multiple mutations in the spike protein (the point of viral entry into the host) of SARS-CoV-2, as well as mutations in other genomic regions of the RNA virus. COG-UK reportedly identified one of these mutations as ‘N501Y’, in an area of the spike protein that binds to a key protein in the human cell, the ACE2 receptor. This was an indication that the alterations may, theoretically, result in the virus becoming more infectious. As of December 13, according to Public Health England (PHE), there were 1,108 cases of the variant identified “predominantly in the South and East of England”.  The U.K. government’s website explains that backwards tracing using genetic evidence suggests this variant emerged in September 2020 and then circulated at very low levels in the population until mid-November. The increase in cases linked to the new variant first came to light in late November when PHE was investigating why infection rates in Kent were not falling despite national restrictions.  They then discovered a cluster linked to this variant that was spreading rapidly into London and Essex. Can it be detected through PCR tests? The PCR test is used to identify a number of gene targets and will pick up this variant too.  The U.K.’s Chief Medical Officer has said that current swab tests are able to identify the new variant. Is it known how a vaccine will react? Various studies are on to determine the impact of the vaccine on severity of disease or mortality. Also, scientists are working to know about the implication of mutated viruses for the vaccine that has already been developed. Scientists advocate for continuation of vaccination drives already started in many countries like UK, US and Russia. This is because vaccines will offer protection even from a mutant virus.  By their very nature, vaccines will make a variety of different antibodies and memory cells that will help fight off the infection Vaccines will reduce the number of people who get infected, reduce the number of people spreading the infections, lower the number of hosts, lower the chances of further mutations, and allows to get things under control How can you protect yourself? Simply by following the original advice on COVID-19 hygiene. Using a face mask, regularly washing hands, and maintaining distance with others when in a public setting will continue to be the best practical ways to prevent the infection. (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note:  Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers.  Comments Up-voted by IASbaba are also the “correct answers”. Q.1 Consider the following statements regarding Namghar:  These are traditional Vaishnavite monasteries.  These are particularly native to Assam. Which of the above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2 BBX11 gene was in news recently for which of the following?  It facilitates in the greening of plants. It will help in treatment of autoimmune diseases through gene therapy.  It is a herbicide resistant gene identified in Maize plant The new mutation of Covid-19 was identified in this gene. Q.3 Recently scientists have found first possible radio signal from a planet beyond our solar system. Consider the following statements regarding the same.  It was discovered for the first time from the Tau-Bootes star system.  Tau-Bootes is a binary star system which is 51 light years away from our planet. Which of the above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.4 Consider the following statements regarding the Khadi and Village Industries Commission:  It is an autonomous body.  It functions under the ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. Which of the above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 ANSWERS FOR 25th December 2020 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 D 2 D Must Read About aggressiveness of China in 2020: The Hindu On 2020 being the year of Unease by former NSA- M.K.Narayanan: The Hindu About the state of prisons: Indian Express

Dec 28, 2020 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz - 2020 : IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs Quiz 28th Dec 2020

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. This is a part of our recently launched, NEW INITIATIVE IASbaba’s INTEGRATED REVISION PLAN (IRP) 2020 – Road Map for the next 100 Days! FREE INITIATIVE! We will make sure, in the next 4 months not a single day is wasted. All your energies are channelized in the right direction. Trust us! This will make a huge difference in your results this time, provided that you follow this plan sincerely every day without fail. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” To Know More about the Initiative -> CLICK HERE SCHEDULE/DETAILED PLAN – > CLICK HERE Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :) After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken and solutions. To take the Test - Click Here

Dec 27, 2020 Motivational Articles

[NEW INITIATIVE] INSPIRATIONAL STORIES- You are Special !!

Inspirational Stories: Here is the first story from the new series of Inspirational and Motivational stories that we will be posting every saturday morning from next week. One of the oldest known forms of communication is story telling. There is something primordial within us that loves stories and their tremendous impact. In this series, we aim to bring you the best of real-life stories that can inspire and motivate you. Stories always try to teach us something useful. It is one of the best ways of learning from other's mistakes and avoiding our own. Although each story has its own moral, in the comments section you can share your opinion on the moral of the story. If you are able to see something that others might have missed, you can share it for the benefit of all. Apart from just reading these awesome stories, you can also share some of the stories that have inspired you. If we find the story appropriate and useful, we will share it with all. More importantly, read these stories every week without a miss, and stay inspired.   So here is the first story- "You are Special" Here is a story by Jonathan Safran Foer, that beautifully illustrates how important each individual is to existence: “I read the first chapter of 'A Brief History of Time’ when Dad was still alive, and I got heavy boots about how relatively insignificant life is, and how, compared to the universe and compared to time, it didn’t even matter if I existed at all. When Dad was tucking me in that night and we were talking about the book, I asked if he could think of a solution to that problem. “What problem?” “The problem of how relatively insignificant we are.” He said, “Well, what would happen if a plane dropped you in the middle of the Sahara Desert and you picked up a single grain of sand with tweezers and moved it one millimeter?” I said, “I’d probably die of dehydration.” He said, “I just mean right then when you moved that single grain of sand. What would that mean?” I said, “I don’t know, what?” He said. “Think about it.” I thought about it. “I guess I would have moved a grain of sand.” “Which would mean?” “Which would mean I moved a grain of sand?” “Which would mean you changed the Sahara.” “So?” “So?” So the Sahara is a vast desert. And it has existed for millions of years. And you changed it!” “That’s true!” I said, sitting up. “I changed the Sahara!” “Which means?” he said. “What? Tell me.” “Well, I’m not talking about painting the Mona Lisa or curing cancer. I’m just talking about moving that one grain of sand one millimeter.” “Yeah?” “If you hadn’t done it, human history would have been one way ...” “Uh-huh?” “But, you did do it, so ...?” I stood on the bed, pointed my fingers at the fake stars, and screamed: “I changed the universe!” “You did.” What do you think is the moral of this story?  

Dec 27, 2020 Motivational Articles

Creative Guidance – Why you should dream big – Inspirational Educative Articles

Why you should dream big: There are as many ways of living life as there are number of people on this planet. No two lives are ever the same, and yet, there are few common mistakes that a majority of people tend to make that they eventually come to regret. They say hindsight is 20-20. Yes, life makes sense only when we look back at our experiences, but there are a few mistakes that we can avoid just so that we don’t regret later. The number one mistake people make is settling for less. Ask anybody who has been successful, and they will tell you that the single biggest regret they have is not dreaming big. It is easy to settle for less – the mind feels comfortable – you don’t have to work too hard – more importantly, you don’t have let go of what is familiar. But, you will surely come to regret your decision to settle for less. It is in the very nature of the human mind that the smaller the desires, the smaller the goals, the less interested and enthusiastic our mind is in accomplish it. There is a very important part of the mind that draws most of its energy from trying to strive for something bigger. Bigger doesn’t just mean size or scale. Big is always about what moves you. Dreaming big is about pursuing your highest possible desire or goal; a desire that can have a grander purpose, something that you would like to be defined as. The single biggest mistake people make while pursuing a goal is choosing one based on the limitations of the life that they have already lived. There is something magical about pursuing a big goal. It gives you enough motivation and strength to move towards it. It takes away unwanted distractions and helps you to stay focused. It helps you to prioritize and avoid pitfalls. It is that much more difficult to get your mind to do all this when you are pursuing a goal just for the sake of pursuing it. When you have not given a strong enough reason for your mind to pursue a goal, it will simply not be interested in it. This is where people find it hard to stay motivated. If you are struggling to stay motivated, go back and relook at your goals. Most probably they are not big enough, strong enough, or deep enough for your mind to get enthusiastic about it. If you want to change just one thing, change the way you set goals. More importantly, change the way you visualize your goals. Instead of worrying too much about whether you can achieve it or not, spend more time understanding why is it important for you to get to that goal. The more you understand the why of your goals, the how will automatically fall into place. At the end of the day, it’s only the biggest of goals that gets accomplished. “This article is a part of the creative endeavor of Meditation Farm and IASBABA.”