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IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 9th July 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   RESPONSIBLE QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES’ MOVEMENT Syllabus Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: The UN recently said 2025 will be observed as the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology (IYQ). Background:- Given the possibility of dual use, like many other emerging technologies, researchers are calling for responsible development and use of quantum technologies. What is responsible quantum S&T? Quantum S&T are part of the ‘S&T plans’ of many governments and the subject of significant private sector investment. Among investments by countries, China leads with $10 billion in 2022, followed by the European Union and the U.S. India’s contribution is currently $730 million (Rs 6,100 crore). The value of quantum S&T is in transforming our abilities to transmit and make use of information across sectors. But they also carry the risk of misuse thanks to the technologies’ potential for dual use, like weakening digital security. Researchers and some governments have thus been calling for practising responsible quantum technologies to harness the value of quantum S&T while engendering public trust. For example, the U.K.’s ‘National Quantum Strategy’ states, “We will ensure that regulatory frameworks drive responsible innovation and the delivery of benefits for the UK, as well as protecting and growing the economy and the UK’s quantum capabilities.” What is quantum governance? The World Economic Forum (WEF) was one of the first organisations to discuss quantum computing governance. Its ‘Quantum Governance’ framework for this is based on the principles of transparency, inclusiveness, accessibility, non-maleficence, equitability, accountability, and the common good. Members of the framework include those from national government agencies, academic institutions, and private sector leaders (including in India). The WEF’s objective here is to accelerate the development of responsible quantum computing by building trust in the technology during its development to preempt and mitigate potential risks. The framework’s virtue is that it addresses responsible development up front rather than as an afterthought. A white paper published by the University of Oxford cautioned against inflated expectations and overestimating our understanding of ethical issues. In particular, it called out the gaps between countries in terms of quantum S&T capacities and reasoned that lack of access to talent and technologies could widen the gaps further. From another perspective, a group of academics from the U.S., Canada and Europe recently proposed another framework for responsible quantum technologies. Here, the group has suggested 10 principles to guide the applications of quantum S&T aim together with their RRI values. ‘RRI’ stands for ‘responsible research and information’, a concept and practice endorsed by the European Commission. Many institutions worldwide, including funding agencies, have adopted it; it emphasises ‘anticipation’, ‘reflection’, ‘diversity’, and ‘inclusion’ while foregrounding public engagement and ethical considerations. These frameworks and initiatives have emerged largely from among researchers and are united in their focus on and intention to maintain openness. National policies on the other hand have preferred frameworks that confer greater and stronger protections of intellectual property rights vis-à-vis quantum technologies. Similarly, it may be naïve to expect the private sector — with its large investments and desire for patents and profits — will favour sharing and openness in the name of responsible quantum technologies. There may be exceptional circumstances but they won’t be the norm. What we need is responsible national or international efforts driven by governments but with active support and collaboration from private sector. Source: Hindu TAXING THE ULTRA RICH Syllabus Mains – GS 2 & GS 3 Context: French economist Gabriel Zucman has in a recent report commissioned by Brazil’s G-20 presidency recommended an annual 2% tax on individuals holding wealth exceeding $1 billion, a suggestion intended to serve as the starting point for a global discussion on ensuring under-taxed billionaires are made to contribute more to reduce inequality worldwide. Background: Finance Ministers of the G-20 group are set to meet in Rio de Janeiro on July 25-26, and the proposal is expected to be discussed at the meeting. What exactly is the proposal? Zucman, an economist who has extensively researched the accumulation, distribution and taxation of global income and wealth, has proposed the adoption of an internationally coordinated minimum tax standard for ensuring effective taxation of ultra-high-net-worth individuals. At the minimum, he recommends that individuals possessing more than $1 billion in total wealth (assets, equity shares in both listed and unlisted companies, other ownership structures that enable participating in companies’ ownership, etc.) would be required to pay a minimum amount of tax annually that would be equal to 2% of their wealth. Such a minimum tax on billionaires could potentially raise $200-$250 billion a year globally from about 3,000 individuals, and were it to be extended to cover those with a net worth exceeding $100 million, would add $100-$140 billion annually in global tax revenue. What is the rationale for such a tax? As per a key finding of theGlobal Tax Evasion Report 2024, prepared by the EU Tax Observatory, global billionaires benefit from very low effective tax rates, which range between 0% and 0.5% of their wealth. When expressed as a fraction of income and considering all taxes paid at all levels of government (including corporate taxes, consumption taxes, payroll taxes, etc.), the effective tax rates of billionaires appear significantly lower than those of all other groups of the population. Zucman in his report posits that the wealth of the top 0.0001% households, expressed as a fraction of world GDP, has surged more than fourfold since the mid-1980s. In 1987, the top 0.0001% owned the equivalent of 3% of world GDP in wealth. This wealth gradually rose to 8% of world GDP on the eve of the global financial crisis of 2008-2009. It briefly fell during the crisis, and then rose fast to exceed 13% of world GDP in 2024.The average annual growth rate of this population group’s wealth is 7.1% net of inflation. In contrast, over the same almost four-decade period, the average income of an adult grew annually by 1.3% net of inflation, and average wealth increased by 3.2% a year. As long as ultra-high-net-worth individuals keep having higher net-of-tax returns than the rest of the population, their share of global wealth will keep rising — an unsustainable path. Emphasising that “progressive taxation is a key pillar of democratic societies” that helps strengthen social cohesion and trust in governments to work for the common good, the French economist stresses that it is needed to help fund public goods and services. Better tax revenues are also crucial to meet the investments required to address the climate crisis. Why moot such a tax now? Research shows that contemporary tax systems worldwide are not effectively taxing the wealthiest individuals. As a result ultra-high-net-worth individuals tend to pay less in tax relative to their income than other social groups, regardless of the specific tax design choices and enforcement practices of countries. Income taxes, which in principle constitute the main instrument of progressive taxation, fail to effectively tax ultra-high-net-worth individuals. This in turn deprives governments of substantial tax revenues and contributes to concentrating the gains of globalisation into relatively few hands, undermining the social sustainability of economic globalisation. Also, the global social and political environment, and in some ways the regulatory climate too, are more conducive now to successfully implement such a proposal. Mr. Zucman cites the progress made in curtailing bank secrecy over the last 15 years through increased information exchange between countries, which has led to a decline in offshore tax evasion. The other major enabling factor is the ‘historic decision’ in 2021, when more than 130 countries and territoriesagreed to a common minimum corporate tax of 15% for large multinational companies (MNCs). The willingness on the part of countries worldwide to tax MNCs in a manner so as to prevent them from seeking to operate out of low or zero tax jurisdictions is, a template that can be built upon now for taxing billionaires. Source: Hindu Digital Bharat Nidhi (DBN) Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) on July 4 released draft rules to operationalise the Digital Bharat Nidhi, in a fresh attempt by the central government at increasing telecom connectivity in rural areas. Background: With the Centre notifying parts of the Telecom Act last month, it has also proposed additional rules for the final makeover of the Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF) as the Digital Bharat Nidhi (DBN) – which would have a relatively wider scope than the USOF. About Digital Bharat Nidhi Digital Bharat Nidhi would replace the erstwhile Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF), which is a pool of funds generated by a 5 per cent Universal Service Levy charged upon all the telecom fund operators on their Adjusted Gross Revenue (AGR). Since its establishment in 2003, a common criticism of the USOF has been its relative underutilisation. The idea is that this money would be used to fund the expansion of telecom networks in remote and rural areas, where private companies may otherwise resist offering their services due to them not being revenue-generating markets. How the Digital Bharat Nidhi will work As per the Telecom Act, contributions made by telecom companies towards the Digital Bharat Nidhi will first be credited to the Consolidated Fund of India (CFI). The Centre will deposit the collected funds to the DBN from time to time. Funds collected under the DBN will be used to support universal service through promoting access to and delivery of telecommunication services in underserved rural, remote and urban areas; fund research and development of telecommunication services, technologies, and products; support pilot projects, consultancy assistance and advisory support for improving connectivity; and for the introduction of telecommunication services, technologies, and products. For Your Information:  On June 26, multiple sections of the Telecommunications Act, 2023 came into effect, giving way to the first piece of the larger technology legislative puzzle to fall into place. This is among the three key laws the Centre wants to put together as a comprehensive legal framework for the country’s burgeoning tech sector. Source: Indian Express WHY RISING ARCTIC WILDFIRES ARE A BAD NEWS FOR THE WORLD Syllabus Prelims & Mains – ENVIRONMENT Context: Smoke from raging wildfires has once again darkened the skies over the Arctic. It is the third time in the past five years that high intensity fires have erupted in the region, Europe’s Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) said. Background: A majority of fires are in Sakha, Russia, where more than 160 wildfires charred nearly 460,000 hectares of land up until June 24, according to Russia state news agency Tass. Key Takeaways Wildfires have been a natural part of the Arctic’s boreal forest or snow forest and tundra (treeless regions) ecosystems. However, in recent years, their frequency and scale in the regions have increased, primarily due to global warming. More worryingly, these blazing wildfires are fueling the climate crisis. Why have Arctic wildfires become worse? The Arctic has been warming roughly four times as fast as the world. While the global average temperature has increased by at least 1.1 degree Celsius above the pre-industrial levels, the Arctic has become on average around 3 degree warmer than it was in 1980. This fast paced warming has led to more frequent lightning in the Arctic, which has further increased the likelihood of wildfires — lightning-sparked fires have more than doubled in Alaska and the Northwest Territories since 1975. Soaring temperatures have also slowed down the polar jet stream — responsible for circulating air between the mid- and northern latitudes — due to less of a temperature difference between the Arctic and lower latitudes. As a result, the polar jet stream often gets “stuck” in one place, bringing unseasonably warm weather to the region. It also blocks out low-pressure systems, which bring clouds and rainfall, possibly leading to intense heatwaves, which can cause more wildfires. All three factors — rising temperatures, more frequent lightning and heatwaves — will most likely worsen in the coming years, thereby causing more wildfires in the Arctic. How Arctic wildfires can exacerbate global warming? When wildfires ignite, they burn vegetation and organic matter, releasing the heat trapping greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. That is why the rising frequency of wildfires around the globe is a matter of concern as they contribute to climate change. However, in the case of Arctic wildfires, such GHG emissions are not the biggest worry. It is rather the carbon stored underneath the region’s permafrost — any ground that stays frozen for at least two years straight. Scientists estimate that Arctic permafrost holds around 1,700 billion metric tons of carbon, including methane and CO2. That’s roughly 51 times the amount of carbon the world released as fossil fuel emissions in 2019. Wildfires make permafrost more vulnerable to thawing as they destroy upper insulating layers of vegetation and soil. This can cause ancient organic materials such as dead animals and plants to decompose and release carbon into the atmosphere. In case a large-scale thawing of Arctic permafrost is triggered, it would be impossible to stop the release of carbon. This would mean that the world will not be able to limit global warming within the 1.5 degree Celsius threshold. Breaching the limit will result in catastrophic and irreversible consequences for the planet. What happens in the Arctic doesn’t stay there — Arctic change amplifies risks globally for all of us. These fires are a warning cry for urgent action. Source: Indian Express AXIOM-4 Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has selected two out of its four trained Gaganyaan astronauts to participate in the Axiom-4 mission. Background: Only one of the shortlisted astronauts will go on the mission which is supposed to take place “no earlier than October 2024,” according to the information available on NASA website. About AXIOM-4 : The Axiom-4 mission is a private spaceflight to the International Space Station (ISS) conducted by Axiom Space in collaboration with NASA. It will be the fourth private astronaut mission to the ISS. The mission will last for fourteen days. Spacecraft: The spacecraft used for the Axiom-4 mission is a SpaceX Crew Dragon. Indian Involvement: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has shortlisted two of its four trained Gaganyaan astronauts to participate in the mission. These Indian astronauts will receive training from NASA, international partners, and SpaceX. Objectives: The mission aims to facilitate commercial activities in space, including scientific research, technological development, and space tourism. It will demonstrate the viability of commercial space stations as platforms for business and innovation. Diverse Crew: The Axiom-4 mission will carry a diverse crew of astronauts from different countries. Scientific Experiments: During the mission, various scientific experiments and technological tests will be conducted in the unique microgravity environment of space. Gaganyaan Mission The Gaganyaan Mission is India’s ongoing project to send a 3-day manned mission to the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) of 400 km with a crew of 3 members and bring them safely back to Earth. The objective of the program is to demonstrate India’s human spaceflight capabilities. As part of this program, two unmanned missions and one manned mission are approved by the Government of India. Upon its completion, India will become the fourth nation, after the US, Russia, and China, to undertake a manned spaceflight mission. Source: Indian Express KAZIRANGA NATIONAL PARK (KNP) Syllabus Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: The recent floods in Assam’s Kaziranga National Park have been tragic for the wildlife. Background: The park is experiencing its worst-ever deluge in recent years, surpassing the large-scale devastation seen in 2017 when over 350 animals died due to floods and vehicle hits while migrating through animal corridors to the highlands. About  Kaziranga National Park : Kaziranga National Park is located in the Golaghat, Karbi Anglong, and Nagaon districts of the state of Assam, India. It sits on the southern banks of the Brahmaputra River. This park hosts two-thirds of the world’s Indian rhinoceroses and is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The park’s rich biodiversity includes large breeding populations of elephants, wild water buffalo, and swamp deer. Source: Business Standard Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Digital Bharath Nidhi, recently heard in news, will replace the erstwhile Universal Service Obligation Fund Universal Service Updation Fund Universal Service Extension Fund None of the above Q2.) With reference to the Kaziranga National Park, consider the following statements: Kaziranga National Park sits on the southern banks of the Brahmaputra River. This park hosts two-thirds of the world’s Indian rhinoceroses. It is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Which of the statements given above are correct? 1 only 1 and 2 only 1 and 3 only 1,2 and 3 Q3.) Consider the following statements: Statement-I: The Axiom-4 mission is a private spaceflight to the International Space Station conducted by Axiom Space in collaboration with ISRO. Statement-II: The Axiom-4 mission aims to facilitate commercial activities in space, including scientific research, technological development, and space tourism. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  9th July 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs.st ANSWERS FOR  8th July – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) –  a Q.2) – b Q.3) – c

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 8th July 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   RIGHT TO REPAIR PORTAL Syllabus Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: The Centre asked the automobile companies to join the unified Right to Repair Portal India which has been launched by the Department of Consumer Affairs to provide consumers with an easy access to information for repairing their products and enabling them to reuse it. Background:- The portal will serve as a single platform to provide easy access to necessary information on repair and maintenance of products to consumers. What is right to repair ? The right to repair for consumer goods refers to the concept of allowing end users, consumers as well as businesses, to repair devices they own or service without any manufacturer or technical restrictions. The Ministry of Consumer Affairs (MCA) has set up a committee to come up with a Right to Repair framework. The framework is significant as it will give consumers a chance to repair their products at an optimal cost instead of buying new products altogether. Under this framework, it would be mandatory for manufacturers to share their product details with customers so that they can either repair them by self or by third parties, rather than only depending on original manufacturers. The framework also aims to help harmonize the trade between the Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), third-party buyers and sellers – thus also creating new jobs. It will help reduce the vast mountain of electrical waste (e-waste) that piles up each year on the continent and boost business for small repair shops, which are an important part of local economies. It will save consumers’ money and contribute to circular economy objectives by improving the life span, maintenance, re-use, upgrade, recyclability, and waste handling of appliances. What is there in the right to repair portal? Customer care details across brands The portal has consolidated list of consumer care contact details of all major consumer products manufacturers for your quick viewing. Find warranty and post-sales service information Use website to search companies by name or consumer product name. All the public information related to their products service, warranty, terms and conditions, etc. are aggregated on this portal. Links to the service network of the brands Visit links to the authorized service network of the brands and third-party service providers. Also view the warranty and prices of genuine spares and consumables of respective brands. Source: Right to repare India VAQUITA Syllabus Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: The world’s most endangered marine mammal, the vaquita, is teetering on the edge of extinction. A recent survey revealed a devastating decline, with only 6-8 individuals spotted compared to 8-13 just a year ago. Background: Despite their elusive nature making precise population estimates difficult, absence of calves in recent surveys highlights their critical situation. About Vaquita The vaquita is a shy member of the porpoise family. Vaquitas are the most endangered of the world’s marine mammals. Vaquitas have the smallest range of any whale, dolphin, or porpoise.It only lives in the northern part of the Gulf of California in Mexico. It is currently listed asCritically Endangered by the IUCN Red List; the steep decline in abundance is primarily due to bycatch in gillnets from the illegal totoaba Totoaba, is a large fish that also only lives in the Gulf of California. Because totoaba and vaquita are similar in size, gillnets illegally set for totoaba are the deadliest for vaquitas. Fishermen illegally catch totoaba for its swim bladder (an air-filled sac in the totoaba’s body that helps it float), which they sell to China at high prices. In China, the swim bladders are used in soup with purported medicinal value. Scientists agree that for vaquitas to survive in the wild, gillnet fishing must end within vaquita habitat. Source: Hindu TRANSPOSONS Syllabus Prelims – SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: A recent paper by researchers at the University of California highlights the role of transposons in gene editing. Background: Transposons have been called “junk” DNA and “selfish” DNA. They are “selfish” because their only function seems to make more copies of themselves and “junk” because there is no obvious benefit to their host. About Transposons Transposable elements (TEs) or simply Transposons, also known as “jumping genes,” are DNA sequences that move from one location on the genome to another. These elements were first identified more than 50 years ago by geneticist Barbara McClintock of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York. Biologists were initially skeptical of McClintock’s discovery. Barbara McClintock’s discovery of them earned her a Nobel Prize in 1983 Over the next several decades, however, it became apparent that not only do TEs “jump,” but they are also found in almost all organisms (both prokaryotes and eukaryotes) and typically in large numbers. For example, TEs make up approximately 50% of the human genome and up to 90% of the maize genome. Due to their mobility (or transposition), transposons facilitate horizontal gene transfer and foster the evolution of new molecular functions in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. As transposition can lead to detrimental genomic rearrangements, organisms have evolved a multitude of molecular strategies to control transposons. Apart from their biological impacts on genomes, DNA transposons have been leveraged as efficient gene insertion vectors in basic research, transgenesis and gene therapy. Source: Nature PANGONG LAKE Syllabus Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: According to recent satellite images, China’s military presence near Pangong Lake in eastern Ladakh is escalating. Background: These images reveal extensive underground bunkers and hardened shelters at a crucial base. The base, located at Sirjap on the northern shore of Pangong Lake, serves as the headquarters for Chinese troops stationed around the lake. Key Takeaways Pangong Tso, also known as Pangong Lake, is a high-altitude lake situated in the Changthang region of eastern Ladakh. Pangong Tso spans both India and China. Approximately 50% of the lake lies within Tibet (administered by China), while 40% is in Indian-administered Ladakh. The remaining 10% is a disputed buffer zone between India and China. Disputed Territory: The Line of Actual Control (LAC), which separates boundary between India and China, passes through the lake. This geopolitical demarcation has been a point of contention between the two countries. India controls about 45 kilometers of the lake’s stretch, while China claims the rest. The lake’s strategic significance lies in its proximity to the Chusul Valley, a historical battlefront during the 1962 India-China war. Source: Firstpost NATIONAL REGISTER OF CITIZENS (NRC) Syllabus Prelims – Polity Context: An apex body of the Kuki-Zo community on July 6 said it would not oppose the implementation of the National Register of Citizens (NRC) in Manipur if it was carried out under the supervision of the Supreme Court. Background: Meitei and Naga organisations have been demanding the implementation of the National Register of Citizens to check infiltration from Myanmar. About National Register of Citizens (NRC) : The National Register of Citizens (NRC) is a register of all Indian citizens. Its creation was mandated by the 2003 amendment of the Citizenship Act, 1955. The purpose of the NRC is to document legal citizens of India, allowing authorities to identify and deport illegal immigrants. The National Register of Citizens (NRC) was first implemented in the northeastern state of Assam. The nodal office for the implementation of the National Register of Citizens (NRC) is the Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, which is responsible for preparing and updating the NRC. The main objective of the National Register of Citizens (NRC): Detect illegal immigrants living in different states of India Identify and separate legal and illegal immigrants in India Prevent voter fraud Enhance internal security Source: Hindu CREDIT - DEPOSIT RATIO Syllabus Prelims – ECONOMY Context: The Reserve Bank of India has told banks to find ways to bridge the gap between credit and deposit growth and reduce credit – deposit ratio, raising concerns over the persistent higher credit growth than deposit mobilisation which could pose a risk in business sustainability. Background: The central bank Governor Shaktikanta Das held a meeting with the heads of public sector banks and select private sector lenders where he spoke about high credit-deposit ratio and the resultant liquidity risk management challenges. About  Credit – Deposit Ratio: The credit to deposit ratio is a crucial metric that provides insights into the relationship between a bank’s loans (credit) and its deposits. In simple terms, it measures how much of a bank’s deposits are being lent out as loans. Importance of credit to deposit ratio Liquidity management: A balanced credit to deposit ratio ensures that a bank maintains sufficient liquidity. When the ratio is too high, it indicates that most deposits are tied up in loans, leaving little room for emergencies or unexpected withdrawals. Conversely, an excessively low ratio may imply that the bank is not utilising its funds efficiently. Risk assessment: Regulators and investors closely monitor this ratio. A high ratio could signal potential risk, as the bank may struggle to meet depositors’ demands during economic downturns. A low ratio might indicate conservative lending practices, but it could also mean missed revenue opportunities. Profitability and growth: A well-managed credit to deposit ratio allows banks to strike a balance between profitability and growth. It ensures that loans generate interest income while maintaining a stable deposit base. Banks with an optimal ratio can expand their lending portfolio without compromising stability. Economic indicator: The credit to deposit ratio reflects the overall economic health. A rising ratio during economic booms suggests increased lending activity, while a declining ratio during recessions indicates cautious lending. Regulatory compliance: Many central banks set guidelines for this ratio to maintain financial stability. Banks failing to comply may face penalties or restrictions. Source: Economic Times Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Vaquita, a marine mammal, recently seen in news lives in which of the following areas? Gulf of California Persian Gulf Gulf of Aden Gulf of Aqaba Q2.) With reference to the National Register of Citizens (NRC), consider the following statements: The National Register of Citizens is a register of all Indian citizens. The purpose of the NRC is to document legal citizens of India, allowing authorities to identify and deport illegal immigrants. The National Register of Citizens was first implemented in the northeastern state of Manipur. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 1 and 2 only 2 and 3only 1,2 and 3 Q3.) Pangong Lake, recently seen in news, is located in Sikkim Himachal Pradesh Ladakh Jammu and Kashmir Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  8th July 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs.st ANSWERS FOR  6th July – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) –  d Q.2) – c Q.3) – a

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 9th July 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. To take the Test Click Here

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 8th July 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. To take the Test Click Here

IASbaba's Monthly Magazine

[CURRENT AFFAIRS] IAS UPSC REVAMPED Current Affairs Magazine May 2024

    Archives Hello Friends, This is May 2024 of IASbaba’s REVAMPED Current Affairs Monthly Magazine. Current Affairs for UPSC Civil Services Examination is an important factor in this preparation. An effort towards making your Current Affairs for IAS UPSC Preparation qualitative. We hope you make the best use of it! This edition covers all Important current affairs issues that were in the news for the month of May 2024. Kindly leave your feedback in the comment section below on the new design and presentation of the magazine. We would love to hear from you! Download The Magazine - May 2024 Important Topics Covered In The Magazine Includes:   "Muslim Quota" Question Article 31 Group of 7 (G7) Zig Gold Water Trading Baltic Sea Oxytocin Antartica Parliament And Much More..... Download The Magazine - May 2024 To get Regular Updates from IASbaba, follow- TELEGRAM Channel – https://t.me/IASbabaOfficialAccount YOUTUBE – https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChvbVdio9Wgj7Z3nQz1Q0ZQ FACEBOOK – https://www.facebook.com/iasbaba/ Also, SUBSCRIBE to the WEBSITE Below, so that you don’t miss out on important posts! Thank You IASbaba

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 6th July 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   HOUSE RULES GOVERNING THE EXPUNCTION POWERS OF RAJYA SABHA CHAIRMAN, LOK SABHA SPEAKER Syllabus Prelims & Mains – Polity Context: The first special session of the 18th Lok Sabha witnessed heated discussions, with the Opposition clashing with the government. Rajya Sabha Chairman removed significant portions of Mallikarjun Kharge’s speech, Meanwhile, in the Lower House, parts of Rahul Gandhi’s remarks on the PM and the BJP were expunged from the records on the orders of Speaker. Background:- The practice of expunging remarks is a standard parliamentary procedure, but the ‘selective expunction’ by the presiding officers has become a flashpoint between the Opposition and the Centre. When are remarks expunged from parliamentary records? Parliament maintains a verbatim record of everything that is spoken and takes place during proceedings. While Article 105 of the Constitution confers certain privileges and freedom of speech in Parliament on MPs, it is subject to other provisions of the Constitution and the rules of the House. On the orders of the presiding officer, that is, the Chairman in the Upper House and the Speaker in the Lower House, words, phrases and expressions which are deemed “defamatory, indecent, unparliamentary or undignified” are deleted or expunged from records. There have been recorded instances where the scope of expunction has been broadened. The Speaker, at their discretion, has ordered the expunction of words deemed prejudicial to national interest or detrimental to maintaining friendly relations with a foreign State, derogatory to dignitaries, likely to offend national sentiments or affect the religious susceptibilities of a section of the community, likely to discredit the Army, and not in good taste or otherwise objectionable or likely to bring the House into ridicule or lower the dignity of the Chair, the House or the members. Members must withdraw objectionable remarks deemed irrelevant to the debate upon the Chair’s request and failure to comply may lead to expunction. Similarly, quoting from an unreferenced document or speaking after being asked to desist can result in an expunction. Continuous interruptions during speeches may also be expunged at the Speaker’s discretion. How do presiding officers expunge remarks? What do the rules say? The Chairman and Speaker are vested with the power to order the expunction of remarks under Rule 261, and Rule 380 and 381 of the Rules of Procedure of the Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha, respectively. Rule 261 states, “If the Chairman is of opinion that a word or words have or have been used in debate which is or are defamatory or indecent or unparliamentary or undignified, he may in his discretion, order that such word or words be expunged from the proceedings of the Council. The Lower House has a similar provision. Rule 380 says, “If the Speaker is of the opinion that words have been used in debate which are defamatory or indecent or unparliamentary or undignified, the Speaker may, while exercising discretion, order that such words be expunged from the proceedings of the House.” The expunged portions are marked by asterisks with an explanatory footnote stating ‘expunged as ordered by the Chair.’ If the Chair directs that nothing will go on record during a member’s speech or interruption, footnote ‘not recorded’ is inserted. A comprehensive list of words and phrases is circulated to media outlets at the end of the day’s proceedings. Once expunged, these words or phrases cease to exist on the official record. Anyone who publishes them thereafter is liable to face charges for breach of privilege of the House. However, the relevance of the practice of expunging remarks has lately come into question, in a digital age where expunged content remains accessible due to the live telecast of proceedings and wider circulation of screenshots and videos on social media. Source: Hindu INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND : A CRITICAL VIEW Syllabus Mains – GS 2 Context: Mass protests in Kenya, in which at least 30 people were shot and killed by police, against an IMF-backed finance Bill that sought to raise taxes on essentials bring into focus, once again, the conditions the multinational lender imposes on poor countries in return for loan assistance. Background: The IMF describes itself as being governed by and accountable to its member countries. But its history and management structure tell a different story — of an organisation that has served as a tool of western elitist policy. About the Kenyan crisis In 2021, Kenya signed a four-year loan agreement with the IMF for $2.34 billion, and with another deal signed in May 2023, its loan volume rose to $3.6 billion. But IMF money for developing countries comes in tranches, and with conditions. IMF periodically reviews the country’s progress in implementing its conditions, and only if it is convinced the country is on track, does it release the next tranche of funds. As part of the 2021 loan deal, the IMF forced a COVID-battered Kenya to agree to austerity measures that would raise its revenue collection to 25% of GDP. The lender’s demands included a combination of tax hikes and budget cuts, including elimination of subsidies on fuel and electricity and cuts in spending on education and health. Government cut subsidies on maize and fuel, with the latter sparking a surge in inflation. Massive protests ensued. Nonetheless, government stayed the course on other fiscal consolidation measures, and earlier this month, government reached a staff level agreement with the IMF. It was expected to open the tap on another $976 million, provided the finance Bill — projected to raise revenues of $2.68 billion — went through. But protest has forced Kenyan president to abandon it, and now the future flow of IMF funds is in doubt. None of this, however, is new. Kenya has been through this before, as have much of Africa, whose governments often find themselves caught between the interests of their people and that of private investors and Western commercial banks, fronted by the IMF. In 1944, when the IMF was created at a conference of 44 nations in Bretton Woods, U.S., the global supremacy of American economic might was already a reality, with the rest of the world either devastated by the World War II or by colonial plunder, or both. This power dynamic got encoded into both the Bretton Woods twins — the IMF and the World Bank. For instance, the World Bank president is always an American citizen, while the IMF head is always from a European ally of the U.S. Unwritten mandate In theory, their function is to aid economic development and promote monetary cooperation and stability. But in practice, they have followed an unwritten mandate to foster the integration of former colonies into a global economic order on terms designed to serve American capital. Voting rights at the IMF don’t follow the democratic logic of one-member country-one vote but are quota-driven, based on dollar contributions. The U.S. alone has a voting share of 16.5%, while the wealthy G-7 countries together command more than 40% of the voting power. The UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres flagged bias in the IMF framework when he said that the Bretton Woods system reflected the power relations of 1945. He also underscored how the IMF favoured the rich in the context of its distribution of Special Drawing Rights (a reserve asset), observing, “The IMF allocated $650 billion in SDRs during the pandemic. The G7 countries, with a population of 772 million people, received $280 billion. The African continent, with $1.3 billion people, received only $34 billion.” This unfairness, and the unequal relationship with the IMF, is partly why so many developing countries, from Kenya to Ghana, Zambia and Pakistan, have witnessed protests against the IMF and IMF-imposed economic policies — the infamous ‘Structural Adjustment Programs’ (SAPs). SAPs, adopted by the IMF from 1986 onwards, typically require governments to cut public spending (including on food subsidies, health and education), privatise state enterprises, reduce import duties and tariffs, and implement other measures so that the country pursues export-led growth. Impact of SAPs A 2002 World Bank-funded study by the Structural Adjustment Participatory Review International Network (SAPRIN) tracked the impact of the IMF’s SAPs. Its report highlighted four ways in which they furthered “impoverishment and marginalisation of local populations”: one, by causing the demise of domestic manufacturing sectors and loss of employment for small producers; two, agricultural, trade and mining reforms decimated small farms and poor rural communities; three, they triggered job losses, lower wages and degraded terms of employment due to privatisation, budget cuts and labour market flexibilisation measures; four, the reduced role of state in providing guaranteed access to essential services led to increase in poverty. Yet, the IMF, as the international lender of last resort, continues to impose SAP-like requirements.The erstwhile ‘SAP’ conditionalities have now morphed into generic austerity measures. Faced with a backlash , the IMF did introduce ‘social spending floors’ to protect public spending on education, health and social protection from being cut as part of its loan conditionalities. But an Oxfam analysis of 27 loan programmes negotiated with low- and middle-income countries found that “for every $1 the IMF encouraged governments to spend on public services, it has told them to cut six times more than that through austerity measures.” Source: Hindu NATIONAL MEDICAL COMMISSION Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: Dr. B.N. Gangadhar appointed as Chairperson of the National Medical Commission. Background: The Appointment Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) has appointed various individuals to posts of the NMC and the autonomous boards. The appointments are for a period of four years until the appointee attains the age of 70 years or until further orders, whichever is earliest, the health ministry said. About National Medical Commission The National Medical Commission Act of 2019 establishes the National Medical Commission (NMC), which is responsible for the creation and regulation of all elements of medical education, practice, and institutions. There are four boards in the National Medical Commission Under-Graduate Medical Education Board (UGMEB)- sets norms for undergraduate courses Post-Graduate Medical Education Board (PGMEB)- sets norms for post-graduate courses Medical Assessment and Rating Board– inspects and rates the medical education institutes Ethics and Medical Registration Board– regulates professional conduct of the doctors and registers them FUNCTIONS OF NATIONAL MEDICAL COMMISSION lay down policies for maintaining a high quality and high standards in medical education and make necessary regulations in this behalf; lay down policies for regulating medical institutions, medical researches and medical professionals and make necessary regulations in this behalf; assess the requirements in healthcare, including human resources for health and healthcare infrastructure and develop a road map for meeting such requirements; promote, co-ordinate and frame guidelines and lay down policies by making necessary regulations for the proper functioning of the Commission, the Autonomous Boards and the State Medical Councils; ensure co-ordination among the Autonomous Boards; take such measures, as may be necessary, to ensure compliance by the State Medical Councils of the guidelines framed and regulations made under this Act for their effective functioning under this Act; exercise appellate jurisdiction with respect to the decisions of the Autonomous Boards; lay down policies and codes to ensure observance of professional ethics in medical profession and to promote ethical conduct during the provision of care by medical practitioners; frame guidelines for determination of fees and all other charges in respect of fifty per cent. of seats in private medical institutions and deemed to be universities which are governed under the provisions of this Act; exercise such other powers and perform such other functions as may be prescribed. Source:Money Control MUDUMALAI TIGER RESERVE (MTR) Syllabus Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: For the first time, a large-scale migration of Common Grass Yellow was observed during the three-day butterfly survey which concluded at the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (MTR) recently. Background: Other highlights of the survey include the Malabar Raven, Paris Peacock, Malabar Banded Peacock, Plain Puffin, Chocolate Albatross, Tamil Yeoman (the state butterfly) and Tamil Lacewing. About Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (MTR) Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (MTR) is located in the Nilgiris District of Tamil Nadu, spread over 321 sq. km. at the tri-junction of three states, viz, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. It lies on the Northeastern and Northwestern slopes of Nilgiri hills which is a part of the Western Ghats. It is part of the Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve, the first Biosphere Reserve in India. It has a common boundary with Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary (Kerala) on the West, Bandipur Tiger Reserve (Karnataka) on the North, the Nilgiris North Division on the South and East, and Gudalur Forest Division on the South West. Ecological Significance: The reserve encompasses diverse ecosystems, including montane forests, grasslands, wetlands, and Shola forests unique to the Western Ghats. It is home to a rich variety of flora and fauna, including the Indian rock python and the mugger crocodile. Source: PIB KAVERI RIVER Syllabus Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: The Karnataka state government has established a nine-member committee to address the contamination of the Kaveri River. Background: This decision came after MLC Dinesh Gooligowda raised concerns about sewage, solid waste, industrial pollutants, and other contaminants negatively impacting marine life and public health in the river. The committee of experts will examine methods to halt environmental degradation caused by various pollutants, including industrial waste and sewage. About KAVERI RIVER : The Kaveri River, also known as Cauvery, is a significant river in India, flowing through the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Origin: The Kaveri River rises at Talakaveri in the Brahmagiri range of the Western Ghats, located in Kodagu district, Karnataka. The Shivanasamudra Falls Hogenakkal Falls, Chunchanakatte Falls are some of the waterfalls situated along the Kaveri River. Course: The river flows for approximately 800 kilometers before reaching its outfall into the Bay of Bengal. It reaches the sea near Poompuhar, in Mayiladuthurai district, Tamil Nadu. Tributaries: Left Bank: Harangi, Hemavati, Shimsha, Arkavati, Sarabanga, Thirumanimutharu. Right Bank: Lakshmana Tirtha, Kabini, Bhavani, Noyyal, Amaravati, Moyar. Catchment Area: The Kaveri basin covers three states and a Union Territory: Tamil Nadu: 43,868 square kilometers. Karnataka: 34,273 square kilometers. Kerala: 2,866 square kilometers. Puducherry: 148 square kilometers Dams and Reservoirs: Several dams and reservoirs manage Kaveri’s flow, including the Krishna Raja Sagara Dam, Mettur Dam, and Kabini Dam. These structures play a crucial role in water allocation and storage. Source: Business Standard HOLOGRAM TECHNOLOGY Syllabus Prelims – SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Context: Japan has introduced redesigned yen banknotes incorporating advanced 3D hologram technology to enhance security measures against counterfeiting. Background: These advancements demonstrate Japan’s commitment to staying ahead in the fight against counterfeit currency. About HOLOGRAM TECHNOLOGY : Holograms are three-dimensional (3D) images created by recording light patterns that mimic how our eyes perceive objects in space. Unlike traditional photographs or flat images, holograms capture depth and parallax, making them appear lifelike and immersive. Their intricate design makes them a robust defence against counterfeiting. Applications: Visual Displays: Holographic displays for advertising, art, and entertainment. Data Storage: Holographic data storage for high-capacity storage. Microscopy: Holographic microscopy for biological imaging. Interferometry: Precise measurements in fields like metrology and engineering. Medical Imaging: Holographic techniques in medical diagnostics. Source: Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) With reference to the hologram technology, consider the following: Advertising and entertainment Data storage for high-capacity storage Microscopy for biological imaging Defence against counterfeiting How many of the above are the application of the hologram technology? Only one Only two Only thee All four Q2.) Consider the following statements about National Medical Commission It is a statuary body established under the National Medical Commission Act of 2019 It is responsible for the creation and regulation of all elements of medical education, practice, and institutions. Which of the statement (s) given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 & 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q3.) Consider the following rivers in India: Lakshmana Tirtha Kabini Bhavani Arkavati How many of the above-mentioned rivers are the left bank tributaries of the Kaveri River? Only one Only two Only three All four Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  6th July 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs.st ANSWERS FOR  5th July – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) –  c Q.2) – b Q.3) – c

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 6th July 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. To take the Test Click Here

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 5th July 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   NEED FOR AN INTERNAL SECURITY PLAN Syllabus Mains – GS 3 Context: As the 3rd NDA government has settled into seat firmly, it should now start focussing on multitude of internal security challenges. Background:- A country projects its strength at the international level in direct proportion to its internal cohesion, its ability to resolve the differences within and not have  any swamps where terrorists or extremists of any shade can breed. The government should have a well-orchestrated plan for the next five years. On internal security, the following nine points should merit serious attention: One, need of internal security doctrine: All major powers have a national security doctrine (NSD) which outlines the internal and external challenges facing the country and prescribe the policies for dealing with them. Lack of an NSD results in ad hoc responses to security challenges, especially during government transitions. Two, Internal Security Ministry: The Ministry of Home Affairs has become too large and unwieldy, causing internal security issues to be neglected. A dedicated minister for internal security within the MHA is urgently needed. Three, Jammu and Kashmir: The state is far from normal in spite of the Home Minister’s claim that terror incidents are down by 66 per cent since the abrogation of Article 370. The government must take early steps to reorganise the security grid, restore statehood to J&K and hold elections for the Assembly. Four, the Northeast: A Framework Agreement signed with the rebel Nagas in 2015 had raised hopes, but these remain unfulfilled because of the NSCN (IM)’s insistence on a separate flag and constitution. The government should meanwhile insist on rigorous implementation of the suspension of operations agreement and ensure that the rebels do not engage in extortion and forcible recruitments. Manipur has been a disaster. The Home Ministry’s formation of a multi-ethnic peace committee has not been productive;The problems of illegal migration, drug trafficking and arms smuggling would require a comprehensive approach. Five, the naxal problem: There is a consistent decline in violence and shrinkage of the geographical spread of left-wing extremism’s (LWE) influence. With Naxals on the backfoot, it is now time for the healing touch. The government should offer them the olive branch, persuade them to come to the negotiating table, address their genuine grievances, and try to mainstream them. Six, Intelligence Bureau/CBI: The two premier central police organisations, Intelligence Bureau and the CBI, require restructuring. The IB was set up through an administrative order on December 23, 1887. It is high time that it is given a statutory basis, with safeguards to prevent the misuse of intelligence to bolster the party in power. The CBI was set up through a resolution passed in 1963, and it derives the power to investigate from the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946. It is an anomalous arrangement and, as recommended in the 24th report of the parliamentary committee, “the need of the hour is to strengthen the CBI in terms of legal mandate, infrastructure and resources”. Seven, state police: There is a need for transformation of the “Ruler’s Police” that we have inherited from the British into the “People’s Police”. Robert Peel, former British prime minister, is remembered to this day for having reformed the country’s police. Eight, Central Armed Police Forces. The CAPFs with an overall strength of more than a million are beset with serious internal problems of unplanned expansion, haphazard deployment, inadequate training, falling standards of discipline, vague criteria for the selection of top officers, friction between cadre and All India Service officers, etc. Nine, technology: There is enormous scope for technological inputs into the functioning of police in the country. These inputs would act as force multipliers. Source: Indian Express NATIONAL QUANTUM MISSION Syllabus Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: India have done the right thing by launching a Rs 6,000 crore-worth National Quantum Mission to develop some of the most sought-after technologies for the future, but it will have to overcome a significantly large gap that currently exists between its capabilities and those of other leading countries in these areas like the U S and China, a new assessment of India’s potential in quantum technologies has revealed. Background: The assessment by Itihaasa, a non-profit, shows that India was just one among 17 countries to have a dedicated government programme to back research in quantum technologies, and one of the 12 to have committed separate investments for the purpose. But several countries were much ahead of India, not just in terms of funding for research and development but also in their current capabilities. About NATIONAL QUANTUM MISSION The Union Cabinet, approved the National Quantum Mission (NQM) on 19thApril 2023 at a total cost of Rs.6003.65 crore from 2023-24 to 2030-31, aiming to seed, nurture and scale up scientific and industrial R&D and create a vibrant & innovative ecosystem in Quantum Technology (QT). The Mission objectives include developing intermediate-scale quantum computers with 50-1000 physical qubits in 8 years, Satellite-based secure quantum communications between ground stations over a range of 2000 kilometers within India, long-distance secure quantum communications with other countries, inter-city quantum key distribution over 2000 km as well as multi-node Quantum networks with quantum memories The National Quantum Mission will also focus on: developing magnetometers with high sensitivity in atomic systems and Atomic Clocks for precision timing, communications, and navigation. It will also support the design and synthesis of quantum materials such as superconductors, novel semiconductor structures, and topological materials for the fabrication of quantum devices. Single photon sources/detectors, and entangled photon sources will also be developed for quantum communications, sensing, and metrological applications. Mission Implementation includes setting up of four Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs) in top academic and National R&D institutes in the domains: Quantum Computing Quantum Communication Quantum Sensing & Metrology Quantum Materials & Devices The hubs which will focus on generation of new knowledge through basic and applied research as well as promote R&D in areas that are mandated to them. The Mission would greatly benefit various sectors including communication, health, financial, energy with applications in drug design, space, banking, security etc. Source: Indian Express ZIKA VIRUS Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: With eight cases of the mosquito-borne Zika infection being reported from Maharashtra, the Centre’s Director-General of Health Services Wednesday asked states to focus on screening pregnant women for the virus and monitor the growth of their foetuses Background: Zika is a mosquito-borne virus, similar to dengue fever, yellow fever and West Nile virus. The infection is associated with a birth defect called microcephaly, which can affect babies born to people who become infected with Zika while pregnant. What is Zika? Zika is an infectious disease caused by a virus. The virus is carried by infected mosquitoes, including the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus species. The infection itself (sometimes called Zika fever) is usually mild and goes away on its own. However, the impact of the virus has most significantly been seen in pregnant women and their fetuses. How is Zika spread? Zika virus is primarily spread through the bite of infected mosquitos. If a pregnant woman is bitten by an infected mosquito, the infection can cross the placenta, infecting the fetus. The virus has also been transmitted through blood transfusion or laboratory exposure. Sexual transmission of the Zika virus can occur. Zika Virus Symptoms Only about 1 in 5 people infected with Zika will exhibit symptoms, and they will be mostly mild. The most common symptoms of Zika virus infection are: Fever Zika rash: red spots that may be flat, raised or both Arthralgia (joint pain) Conjunctivitis (red, inflamed eyes) Headache Symptoms will usually last several days to a week, and clear up on their own. It is rare for Zika virus to cause severe illness that requires hospitalization. Zika Diagnosis Zika virus infection is diagnosed by a blood test. A urine test may also be appropriate if you have recently had or currently have symptoms. There is currently no vaccine or medication available to prevent or treat Zika virus infection. Source: Indian Express NOMADIC ELEPHANT Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: The 16th edition of India-Mongolia Joint Military Exercise NOMADIC ELEPHANT commenced on 3rd July. Background: Indian contingent comprising of 45 personnel is being represented by a Battalion of SIKKIM SCOUTS along with personnel from other arms and services. The Mongolian contingent is being represented by personnel from 150 Quick Reaction Force Battalion of the Mangolian Army. About NOMADIC ELEPHANT The Nomadic Elephant exercise is a bilateral military exercise conducted by the armies of India and Mongolia. The exercise is conducted annually, alternating between India and Mongolia. The purpose of the exercise is to conduct semi-conventional operations in semi-urban and mountainous terrain under the UN mandate. The aim of the Exercise is to enhance joint military capability of both sides to undertake counter insurgency operations in a Sub Conventional scenario under Chapter VII of the United Nations Mandate. The exercise will focus on operations in the semi-urban and mountainous terrain. Tactical drills during the Exercise include Response to a Terrorist Action, Establishment of a Joint Command Post, Establishment of an Intelligence & Surveillance Centre, Securing of a Helipad/ Landing Site, Small Team Insertion & Extraction, Special Heliborne Operations, Cordon & Search Operations besides Employment of Drones and Counter Drone Systems amongst others. The 16th edition of exercise is scheduled to be conducted from 03rd to 16th July 2024 in Meghalaya. The 15th edition of the exercise was held in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Source: PIB BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER Syllabus Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: The death toll from the Assam flood crisis has risen to 56 with an estimated 16 lakh people affected across 29 districts, as water levels of Brahmaputra and its tributaries surge, official figures stated. Background: Rivers including the Brahmaputra, Digaru, and Kollong are flowing above the danger mark, submerging large areas of land in the Assam. About BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER : The Brahmaputra River is a trans-boundary river that flows through Tibet (China), Northeastern India, and Bangladesh. It originates from the Chemayungdung glacier near Mount Kailash in the Himalayas (Tibet) and is known as the Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibetan. After entering India near the village of Gelling in Arunachal Pradesh, it flows southwest through the Assam Valley as the Brahmaputra. The river crosses Assam and enters Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, the Brahmaputra River is known as the Jamuna, and when it joins the Ganga, they together form the mighty Padma River and finally drains into the Bay of Bengal. Dibang River, Lohit River, Dhansiri River, Kameng River, Manas River, Teesta River, Subansiri River are the major tributaries of River Brahmaputra. Source: Business Standard TUTICORIN PORT Syllabus Prelims – Geography Context: JSW Tuticorin Multipurpose Terminal Private Ltd., a subsidiary of JSW Infrastructure, has finalized a concession agreement with the V.O. Chidambaranar Port Authority in Tamil Nadu to develop a new cargo berth at the port. Background: This initiative aims to enhance cargo handling capabilities and leverage the rich hinterland with diverse cargo profiles, including dry bulk, coal, limestone, gypsum, rock phosphate, and copper concentrate. About TUTICORIN PORT : The V.O. Chidambaranar Port, also known as the Tuticorin Port, is one of the major ports in India. It is situated in Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu. This artificial port was declared a major port on July 11, 1974. The port is named after V.O. Chidambaram Pillai, an eminent freedom fighter, and continues to play a crucial role in India’s maritime trade. It serves as the second-largest port in Tamil Nadu and the fourth-largest container terminal in the country. The port operates round the clock throughout the year and plays a crucial role in supporting export-import (EXIM) trade. Tamil Nadu has three major ports: V. O. Chidambaranar Port (Tuticorin) and Kamajar Port (Ennore) and Chennai Port. These ports, along with an intermediate port at Nagapattinam, play a crucial role in facilitating trade and commerce in the state. Source: Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.)With reference to the Brahmaputra River, consider the following statements: It is a trans-boundary river that flows through China, Bangladesh and India. It originates from the Chemayungdung glacier near Mount Kailash. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q2.) Consider the following Major ports in India Jawaharlal Nehru Port O. Chidambaranar Port Kamajar Port Cochin Port How many of the above-mentioned ports are located in Tamil Nadu? Only one Only two Only three All four Q3.) The Nomadic Elephant exercise is a bilateral military exercise conducted by the armies of India and Bangladesh France and China India and Mongolia Israel and Russia Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ 5th July 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs.st ANSWERS FOR  4th July – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) –  d Q.2) – b Q.3) – b

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 5th July 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. To take the Test Click Here

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 4th July 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   ABHAYA MUDRA Syllabus Prelims & Mains – Art & Culture Context: In his first speech as Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha, Rahul Gandhi on Monday invoked the abhaya mudra, the gesture of the raised open palm that is commonly understood as conveying reassurance and a freedom from fear. Background:- According to Buddhist legend, Devadatta, a cousin and a disciple of the Buddha, upon not being granted the special treatment he expected, plotted to harm the Buddha . He fed a wild elephant intoxicants and drove her on the Buddha’s path. As the disciples scattered before the charging animal, the Buddha raised his hand in the abhaya mudra. The elephant is said to have calmed down immediately, gone down on her knees, and bowed her head to the Buddha. Key takeaways In Sanskrit, the term mudra could mean a seal, mark, sign, or currency, but in the Buddhist context, it refers to “hand and arm gestures made during the course of ritual practice or depicted in images of buddhas, bodhisattvas, tantric deities, and other Buddhist images. Mudras are most commonly associated with visual depictions of the Buddha (or Buddharupa), with different gestures conveying different moods and meanings, signifying the subtle manifestations of the Buddha’s states of realisation. The earliest depictions of the Buddha in physical form date to roughly around the turn of the first millennium. Depictions started appearing in the Gandhara art from the northwestern edge of the Indian subcontinent. In the earliest depictions of Buddharupa, four mudras can be found: the abhaya mudra, or “gesture of fearlessness”; the bhumisparsha mudra, or “Earth-touching gesture”; the dharmachakra mudra, or “gesture of the wheel of dharma”; and the dhyana mudra, or “gesture of meditation”. Gesture of fearlessness The abhaya mudra is described as one typically formed with the palm of the right hand facing outward at shoulder height and the fingers pointing up. Occasionally, the index, second, or third finger touches the thumb, with the remaining fingers extended upward. In some cases, both hands may simultaneously be raised in this posture in a double abhayamudra. In Buddhist tradition, the abhaya mudra is associated with the Buddha immediately after he obtained Enlightenment, “portraying a sense of the security, serenity, and compassion that derive from enlightenment”. The gesture of fearlessness also identifies the moment when Shakyamuni (the Buddha) tamed the mad elephant, illustrating the Buddha’s ability to grant fearlessness to his followers. This is why the abhaya mudra is also seen as a “gesture of protection” or “gesture of granting refuge”. Over time, the abhaya mudra appeared in depictions of Hindu deities, and the Buddha himself was absorbed into the Hindu pantheon as the ninth avatar of the Puranic god Vishnu. As multiple traditions, practices, and cultural influences mingled in the great melting pot of the Hindu religion, manifestations were seen in art and visual depiction of gods. The abhaya mudra was seen in the depictions, most commonly of Lord Shiva, Lord Vishnu, and Lord Ganesha. Source: Indian Express CRITICAL MINERAL RECYCLING: GOVT PLANS PLI SCHEME TO BOOST CIRCULAR ECONOMY Syllabus Prelims & Mains – ECONOMY Context: The Ministry of Mines is in the initial stages of designing a Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme to boost the recycling of critical minerals in India. Background: This move aims to foster a circular economy and bolster domestic supply chains, following a lacklustre response to recent auctions of critical mineral blocks. Critical Minerals Critical minerals are those minerals that areessential for economic development and national security, the lack of availability of these minerals or concentration of extraction or processing in a few geographical locations may lead to supply chain vulnerabilities. The Government India has identified 30 minerals as Critical Minerals. The30 critical minerals are Antimony, Beryllium, Bismuth, Cobalt, Copper, Gallium, Germanium, Graphite, Hafnium, Indium, Lithium, Molybdenum, Niobium, Nickel, PGE, Phosphorous, Potash, REE, Rhenium, Silicon, Strontium, Tantalum, Tellurium, Tin, Titanium, Tungsten, Vanadium, Zirconium, Selenium and Cadmium. They are elements that are the building blocks of essential modern-day technologies.These minerals are now used everywhere from making mobile phones, and computers to batteries, electric vehicles, and green technologies like solar panels and wind turbines. Based on their individual needs and strategic considerations, different countries create their own lists. Proposed PLI Scheme and its need The proposed PLI scheme aligns with policy recommendations from NITI Aayog and complements the Battery Waste Management Rules (BWMR), 2022, which mandate phased recycling of used electric vehicle (EV) lithium-ion batteries from 2026 onwards. The PLI scheme, while yet to be finalised, will target e-waste recycling– often referred to as “urban mining”– to recover critical minerals such as lithium, copper, cobalt, graphite, chromium, and silicon. These minerals are crucial for clean energy technologies like solar PV modules, wind turbines, energy storage systems, and EVs, as well as consumer electronics. Some recyclers argue the scheme should benefit only those extracting high-purity critical minerals suitable for reuse as primary inputs. Others advocate for a wider scope that includes the production of black mass, which is shredded and processed e-waste rich in minerals including lithium, manganese, cobalt, and nickel, since most Indian recyclers currently lack capacities to extract battery-grade minerals from black mass. India’s e-waste generation is poised to surge, driven by rapid growth in solar and wind energy infrastructure and EV adoption. Industry estimates project solar PV module waste to jump from 100 kilotonnes (kt) in FY23 to 340 kt by 2030. Additionally, 500 kt of EV batteries are expected to reach recycling units in the coming years. Research indicates that recycling critical minerals can significantly reduce the need for virgin ores and new mines. The need to incentivise the growth of critical mineral recycling has become all the more urgent after most critical mineral blocks offered by the Mines Ministry failed to pass the technical bids stage, which requires at least three eligible bidders. This indicates a lack of investor interest in domestic mining of critical minerals. For Your Information: The new incentives will also build on the Battery Waste Management Rules (BWMR) notified in 2022 by the Central Pollution Control Board. These rules mandate that producers of batteries containing lithium, nickel, cobalt, and lead ensure environmentally sound management of waste batteries through Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) compliance. EPR compliance, based on the polluter pays principle, holds producers accountable for managing the waste generated by their products. Producers can meet compliance by trading credits with recyclers Source: Indian Express UNCHECKED URBAN EXPANSION Syllabus Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: Unchecked and ill-thought-out urban expansion is the principal reason behind chronic urban flooding in Delhi, and the larger National Capital Region (NCR). Background: Last week, a spell of heavy rain brought parts of Delhi to a standstill. Streets across the city and in the larger NCR were inundated, leading to hours-long traffic block. Water-logging also led to lengthy power cuts, property damage, and loss of life. Rapidly growing city : Delhi is undergoing one of the world’s fastest urban expansions. According to data from NASA’s Earth Observatory, the geographic size of Delhi almost doubled from 1991 to 2011. Most of this expansion has occurred on the peripheries of New Delhi, with erstwhile rural areas becoming engulfed in the capital’s urban sprawl. Cities outside Delhi, but a part of the NCR — Bahadurgarh, Ghaziabad, Faridabad, Noida, and Gurugram — have also witnessed rapid urbanisation. According to the United Nations’ The World’s Cities in 2018 data booklet, Delhi will overtake Tokyo as the world’s most populous city by 2030, with an estimated population of nearly 39 million, roughly two and a half times its population in 2000. Topography and drainage Urban expansion, however, has paid little heed to Delhi’s natural topography. Topography determines drainage patterns. If one looks at Delhi’s historic cities — from Tughlakabad, Mehrauli, and Shahjahanabad to Civil Lines, New Delhi, and the Cantonment area — all were carefully selected, and built on higher ground. This allowed rainwater to drain out. But as the city has expanded, not enough thought has gone behind building with regards to the land’s drainage capacities. Thus, with high-intensity rain there is significant run-off (unconfined flow of water, which occurs when there is more water on the land’s surface than it can absorb), and existing drainage systems have been inadequate. Concrete everywhere Due to urbanisation, water cannot simply flow down the existing natural gradient. Today, much of the water gets channelised into concretised nallahs (drains), which have been turned into sewage dumps. Construction in low-lying areas only makes things worse. For instance, many nallahs from across South Delhi, as far as Chanakyapuri and R K Puram, converge at Sarai Kale Khan, a low-lying area in South East Delhi, next to the Yamuna. This is why the urban village sees intense flooding every year. Construction in Delhi’s flood plains began as early as the 1900s, when the British decided to build a railway line along the river bed. Need for water masterplan Urban planners need to come up with a “water masterplan”. There has been a consistent neglect of water as a planning resource. No comprehensive planning taking into account the city’s clean and waste water flows has been carried out in the last 70 years. This is why, for example, the new Pragati Maidan Tunnel, inaugurated in 2022, has been flooded each monsoon. Water bodies which can help manage flooding have also been systematically destroyed. According to official records, Delhi has some 1,000 water bodies. But on the ground there are not more than 400. These 600 ‘missing’ water bodies which could have managed flooding in the city have been filled up, and converted into valuable real estate. Unless we stop building in low-lying areas, de-concretise our lawns and pavements, and stop blocking the drains with solid waste, the floods won’t stop. Understanding gradients and working with the lay of the land is crucial. Source: Indian Express TALLEY WILDLIFE SANCTUARY Syllabus Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: Recently, a team of researchers from the Zoological Survey of India recorded the forest-dwelling frog from the Talley Wildlife Sanctuary and named it as Xenophrys apatani. Background: The discovery was made by a team of researchers from the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) in Shillong, in collaboration with their colleagues from ZSI, Pune, and ZSI, Itanagar. About Talley Valley Talley Valley Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area located in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. The sanctuary ranges in elevation from 1,200 to 3,000 meters (3,900 to 9,800 feet) and features subtropical and temperate broadleaved and conifer forests. Notable species include the clouded leopard, Malayan giant squirrel, Indian muntjac, and Asian palm civet. Additionally, 130 bird species have been observed, including the black eagle, collared owlet, and Verditer flycatcher. The sanctuary is also home to 16 endangered plant species, such as Panax sikkimensis, Acer hookeri, and Lilium grandiflora. Xenophrys Apatani The Xenophrys apatani is a newly discovered species of horned frog found in the Tale Wildlife Sanctuary in Arunachal Pradesh, India. It has been named after the Apatani tribe, which predominantly resides in the Lower Subansiri Valley of Arunachal Pradesh. It is distributed along the Eastern Himalayan and the Indo-Burma biodiversity hot spots of the country. Source: Hindu VANUATU Syllabus Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: The government of Vanuatu will soon settle into a suite of new buildings funded by China, a move which has reignited concerns about Beijing’s reach in the South Pacific nation. Background: This initiative underscores China’s strategic interests in the Pacific islands, where it has funded major infrastructure upgrades across the archipelago, competing with Western rivals for influence. About Vanuatu : Vanuatu is an island country consisting of a chain of 13 principal and many smaller islands located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. These islands are situated approximately east of Australia. The islands extend north-south in an irregular Y shape. The northernmost group is the Torres Islands, and southward from there, the main islands include Vanua Lava, Santa Maria (Gaua), Espiritu Santo, Aoba (Ambae), Maéwo, Pentecost, Malakula, Ambrym, Épi, Éfaté, Erromango, Tanna, and Anatom. Formerly the jointly administered Anglo-French condominium of the New Hebrides, Vanuatu achieved independence in 1980. The capital, largest city, and commercial centre is Port-Vila (Vila), on Éfaté. Source: Hindu SENNA SPECTABILIS Syllabus Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: The Forest Department has cleared 356.50 hectares of invasive growth that posed a threat to biodiversity conservation in Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve (STR). Background: Senna spectabilis (Calceolaria shower), a species of the legume family, is native to South and Central America and is grown as an ornamental plant as it has bright yellow flowers. Introduced as shade trees for coffee and firewood in the country, it soon became a threat to native tree species. SENNA SPECTABILIS: Senna spectabilis is a deciduous tree native to tropical areas of America. It grows rapidly, reaching heights of 15 to 20 meters in a short period. After flowering, it distributes thousands of seeds. The tree’s thick foliage hinders the growth of indigenous trees and grass species, causing food shortages for wildlife, especially herbivores. It adversely affects native species’ germination and growth. Classified as ‘Least Concern’ on the IUCN Red List. Invasive Species: Invasive species cause ecological or economic harm in new environments where they are not native. They compete with native organisms, alter habitats, and reduce biodiversity. Source: Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Vanuatu island, recently seen in news located in Black Sea Caspian Sea Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean Q2.) Senna spectabilis, recently seen in news is Horned frog Invasive plant Rare disease Spider Q3.) Talley Valley Wildlife Sanctuary, recently seen in news located in Meghalaya Arunachal Pradesh Assam Tripura Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  4th July 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs.st ANSWERS FOR  3rd July – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) –  b Q.2) – d Q.3) – d

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