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Jul 13, 2020 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 13th JULY 2020

IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 13th July 2020 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Direct seeding of rice (DSR) technique Part of: GS Prelims and Mains III – Agriculture; Irrigation technique In News: Punjab farmers planted paddy using the direct seeding of rice (DSR) technique in the kharif season, rather than traditional transplanting. Benefits of direct seeding of rice (DSR) technique Handling crop residue after harvest is easy. Large scale use of DSR to plant paddy could solve the staggering problem of stubble burning. Decreases air pollution. Direct seeding (both wet and dry) avoids nursery raising, seedling uprooting, and transplanting, and thus reduces the labor requirement. Direct seeded plants tend to have better root growth and are therefore more prepared for climatic extremes More plants may germinate in the years following sowing NATGRID and NCRB Part of: GS Prelims and Mains II and III - Govt schemes; Polity - Statutory and Non-statutory bodies; Security issues In news: National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID) has signed an MoU with the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) to access the centralised online database on FIRs and stolen vehicles. The MoU will give NATGRID access to the Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems (CCTNS) database. Important value additions: About NATGRID: NATGRID is a post Mumbai 26/11 attack measure. It aims to mitigate a vital deficiency — lack of real time information, which was considered to be one of the major hurdles in detecting US terror suspect David Headley’s movement across the country during his multiple visits between 2006 and 2009. NATGRID is an ambitious counter terrorism programme, which will utilise technologies like Big Data and analytics to study and analyse the huge amounts of data from various intelligence and enforcement agencies to help track suspected terrorists and prevent terrorist attacks. NATGRID is an online database for collating scattered pieces of information from more than 20 organisations in the field of telecom, tax records, bank, immigration, etc. to enable the generation of intelligence inputs. At least 10 central agencies like IB, R&AW; and others will have access to the data on a secured platform for counter-terror investigations. Do you know? NATGRID is exempted from the Right to Information Act, 2005 under sub-section (2) of Section 24. The project aims to go live by December 31 and all State police are mandated to file FIRs in the CCTNS. About NCRB NCRB was set-up in 1986 to function as a repository of information on crime and criminals so as to assist the investigators in linking crime to the perpetrators, based on the recommendations of the National Police Commission (1977-1981) It was set up by merging the Directorate of Coordination and Police Computer (DCPC), Inter State Criminals Data Branch of CBI, Central Finger Print Bureau of CBI, and Statistical Branch of BPR&D.; NCRB was entrusted with the responsibility for monitoring, coordinating and implementing the Crime and Criminal Tracking Network & Systems (CCTNS) project in the year 2009. CCTNS connects 15000+ police stations and 6000 higher offices of police in the country. In 2017, NCRB launched National Digital Police Portal- It allows search for a criminal/suspect on the CCTNS database apart from providing various services to citizens like filing of complaints online and seeking antecedent verification of tenants, domestic helps, drivers. Srebrenica massacre Part of: GS Prelims and Mains II – International Affairs; Map-based Geography question In news: On July 11, 25 years on, commemoration services were held at the Srebrenica-Potocari Memorial and Cemetery in remembrance of the victims of the massacre. In July 1995, approximately 8,000 Muslims, mostly men and boys were killed in Srebrenica, by Bosnian Serb forces led by Commander Ratko Mladić. These killings were later classified as genocide by international tribunals investigating the massacre. Do you know? Srebrenica is a small town in Bosnia and Herzegovina in south-eastern Europe on Balkan Peninsula. The Bosnian War that occurred between 1992-1995, witnessed a period of displacement and ethnic cleansing of Bosnian Muslims and Bosnian Croats by the Bosnian Serb army and paramilitary forces. Pic: Balkan Peninsula International Comparison Program (ICP) Part of: GS Prelims and Mains II – International Organization; International Programs In news: World Bank released new PPPs for the reference year 2017, under the International Comparison Program (ICP). ICP is a partnership of various statistical administrations of up to 199 countries guided by the World Bank. The Program produces internationally comparable price and volume measures for gross domestic product (GDP). Its component expenditures are based on purchasing power parities (PPPs). The ICP tries to make different countries GDPs comparable by calculating them in PPP both currency converters and spatial price deflators. Important value additions: What Is Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)? PPP is a popular macroeconomic analysis metric which is used to compare economic productivity and standards of living between countries. PPP is an economic theory that compares different countries' currencies through a "basket of goods" approach. Do you know? ICP is one of the largest statistical initiatives in the world. It is managed by the World Bank under the auspices of the United Nations Statistical Commission, and relies on a partnership of international, regional, sub-regional, and national agencies working under a robust governance framework and following an established statistical methodology. India has participated in almost all ICP rounds since its inception in 1970. India is participating in the current phase of International Comparison Programme (ICP) with reference to 2017. India is third-largest economy in terms of its PPP-based share in global actual individual consumption and global gross capital formation. The next ICP comparison will be conducted for the reference year 2021. For more details, refer - https://www.worldbank.org/en/p... Mizoram quakes Part of: GS Prelims and Mains I and III - Physical Geography; Natural Hazards and Disaster In news: Mizoram experienced at least eight moderate earthquakes between June 21 and July 9. The epicentre of most of these quakes was beneath Champhai district bordering Myanmar. What is important here is – the Mizoram quake zone was caught between two geological faults - Churachandpur Mao Fault and the Mat Fault. Do you know? Faults are discontinuities or cracks that are the result of differential motion within the earth’s crust. Vertical or lateral slippage of the crust along the faults causes an earthquake. Adaptations of Flood Tolerant Plants Part of: GS Prelims and Mains III – Science and Technology In news: Farmers in flood-prone areas of Assam have been harvesting the water-resistant Swarna Sub1. Swarna Sub1 is developed by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research and the Manila-based International Rice Research Institute, since 2009. Red Sanders seized in Andhra Pradesh Part of: GS Prelims and Mains – Environment and ecology; Biodiversity; Conservation In news: Andhra Pradesh Red Sanders Anti-Smuggling Task Force seized 1.50 tonnes of red sanders logs in Seshachalam hills, 25 km from Tirupati (Andhra Pradesh) Important Value Additions: About Red Sanders: Pterocarpus santalinus or Red Sanders is an endemic tree of South India They are found in Tropical Dry Deciduous forest of the Palakonda and Seshachalam hill ranges of Andhra Pradesh and also found in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Red Sanders usually grow in the rocky, degraded and fallow lands with Red Soil and hot and dry climate. IUCN has put it under the category of endangered species in the Red List due to the dwindling population because of illegal felling and smuggling. Do you know? Its export is banned in India in accordance with the CITES and Wildlife Protection Act 1972. It is used for various purposes such as immunity medicine, furniture, radiation absorbent, musical instrument, food dyes and spices, Ayurveda and Siddha medicine, decorative and ornamental purposes etc. (MAINS FOCUS) ENVIRONMENT/ INFRASTRUCTURE Topic: General Studies 2 and 3: Infrastructure: Energy Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation Sure power: On India’s solar strategy Context: The inauguration of a 750 MW photovoltaic solar project at Rewa, in Madhya Pradesh Do You Know? India’s installed base of this solar power source is about 35 gigawatts In Paris Agreement on climate, India set the goal of installing 100 GW of solar power by 2022 Need of Solar energy: Energy Security: India energy demands is largely fulfilled by non-renewable source of energy Environmental Sustainability: India’s large part of energy demand is fulfilled by thermal energy largely dependent on fossil fuels which causes pollution. Solar energy is clean form of energy resource, which can be a substitute. India being Tropical Country, there is abundance of free solar energy in almost all parts of country. Changed Developmental Strategy: Solar energy is being viewed as a path for self-reliant industrialisation Green energy in rural area -  This is crucial for agri - business in farms for running irrigation, greenhouses, and crop and hay dryers, making agriculture risk - free. Challenges w.r.t developing Solar Energy Low domestic cell manufacturing capacity at 3.1 GW last year Heavy reliance on China for importing of photovoltaic cells, modules and associated equipment Projected addition of capacity in a COVID-19 affected future could fall short of stated goals (100 GW by 2022) India’s domestic content requirement clause is facing legal challenge at WTO. Land availability in India for solar plant is less due to high population density. India's solar waste is estimated to be around 1.8 million by 2050 also needs to be tackled. Challenges with respect to importing critical raw materials such as polysilicon Way Ahead Government needs to make solar energy a strategic sector, giving it as much importance as defence. India needs to show leadership at global level to advance the manufacture and absorption of solar photovoltaic infrastructure in low- and middle-income countries.  There has to integrated policies fully supported by States where Industry gets help to set up facilities and avail low cost financing  India should also be able to invest in intellectual property. There has to be faster adoption of Innovative technologies- aesthetic photovoltaic window and roof tiles for buildings A decentralised approach will be suited for Indian landscape and this there has to be greater use of residential and commercial buildings to deploy more panels. India needs a Solar Waste Management and Manufacturing Standards Policy. Conclusion Rapid progress requires a strategic shift to aid competitive domestic manufacturing. Connecting the dots Impact of COVID-19 on Environmental Protection Standards Paris Climate Deal – US opting out of it – Critical Analysis GOVERNANCE / INFRASTRUCTURE Topic: General Studies 1 and 2: Urbanization, their problems and their remedies. Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Hardly smart about urban health care Context: The Smart Cities Mission completed five years, in June 2020 What is the objective of Smart Cities Mission? The Mission sought to make 100 selected cities “smart”, primarily through an “Area-Based Development” model under which a small portion of the city would be upgraded by retrofitting or redevelopment Coronavirus pandemic has largely been an urban crisis Most of the Smart Cities are now reeling under the devastation caused by COVID-19 Megacities such as Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru and Chennai have accounted for most of the COVID-19 positive cases. Indian cities are not only facing a public health crisis but also a larger emergency of economic issues and livelihoods. A high percentage of urban residents have lost employment during the lockdown and continue to face an uncertain future How Smart Cities mission projects were leveraged during Pandemic? Some cities have been using the Integrated Command and Control Centres created under the ‘Smart Cities Mission’ as “war rooms” for monitoring real time data regarding the spread of the virus.  Criticism of Smart Cities mission The projects undertaken under the scheme are behind schedule Of the 5,151 smart city projects across the 100 cities, while around 4,700 projects have been tendered, only 1,638 projects have been completed.  In terms of expenditure, of the total investment of ₹2,05,018 crore, only projects worth ₹26,700 crore have been completed The mission has largely neglected Public Health Only 69 of over 5,000 projects undertaken under the Mission were for health infrastructure Also, such projects are for an estimated cost of ₹2,112 crore, amounting to just around one per cent of the total mission cost. It has further weakened local governments The ‘Smart Cities Mission with parallel governance structures of Special Purpose Vehicle have further driven away local bodies from their responsibilities of enhancing Public Health India’s urban local bodies continue to be financially and administratively weak and heavily understaffed.  Way Ahead- Strengthening local capacities The relative success of Kerala in containing the pandemic has shown how a decentralised political and administrative system with strong local governments and high investment in local public health care can be effective. Programmes such as the National Urban Livelihoods Mission and National Urban Health Mission, which have lately received limited focus and resources, need to be strengthened. Introduction of a national urban employment guarantee programme that assures jobs for urban residents (Kerala has been running such a scheme since 2010) Conclusion As Indian cities face an unprecedented challenge, it is important to get the priorities of urban development right and invest in programmes that improve the health and livelihoods of its residents. Connecting the dots Environmental impact of Urbanisation and solutions (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Comments Up-voted by IASbaba are also the “correct answers”. Q.1) Consider the following statements about NATGRID It is an online database for collating scattered pieces of information from more than 20 organisationsto enable the generation of intelligence inputs. NATGRID also comes under the ambit of Right to Information Act,2005 Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) Consider the following statements National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB) is a statutory body established under Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946 NCRB data of 2017 shows that crime against women has declined in comparison to 2016 Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.3) Recently Red Sanders was in news. Consider the following statements about it. Red Sanders is an endemic tree of South India. They are found in Tropical Moist Deciduous forest. Red Sanders usually grow in the rocky, degraded and fallow lands with Red Soil and hot and humid climate. IUCN has put it under the category of endangered species. Which of the statements is/are correct? 1, 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 3 and 4 only All the above Q.4) Consider the following statements about ‘Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve’ It includes Sri Venkateswara National Park It is home to Red Sanders and Slender Loris Choose the appropriate option from code given below: 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.5) Consider the following statements The place in the crust where the movement starts is called the epicentre. The place on the surface above the Epicentre is called the focus. Focus is also known as Hypocentre Select the incorrect statements 1 and 2 only 1 and 3 only 2 and 3 only All of the above ANSWERS FOR 11th July 2020 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 C 2 C 3 A 4 D Must Read About EU’s China dilemma The Hindu An article by former Vice President about nurturing citizens in Social studies The Hindu About Criminal law reform The Indian Express

Jul 13, 2020 TLP Mains 2020

SYNOPSIS [10th July,2020] Day 27: IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 2): UPSC Mains Answer Writing (General Studies)

SYNOPSIS [10th July,2020] Day 27: IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 2): UPSC Mains Answer Writing (General Studies) 1. The prevalence of caste politics in India is an indicator of retrograde political attitude. Do you agree? Critically comment. भारत में जाति की राजनीति का प्रचलन प्रतिगामी राजनीतिक रवैये का सूचक है। क्या आप सहमत हैं? समालोचनात्मक टिप्पणी करें। Demand of the question: It expects students to write about what role do caste politics play to influence political attitude in Indian political scenario. It also expects students to analyse both aspects of whether prevalence of caste politics in India is an indicator of retrograde political attitude or not. Introduction: Theoretically speaking caste and democratic political system stand for opposite value systems. Caste is hierarchical. On the other hand, democratic political system advocates freedom to an individual and equality of status. Despite this contradictory nature, caste has influenced Indian political attitude. Body: Politics does not function in vacuum. It operates in society in which it-is influenced by social forces and social forces are also influenced by political attitude too. In this perspective caste's influence on Indian Political attitude can be seen in following ways: Caste as a social stratification system is a salient feature of Indian society which has influenced the structure of society in socio-economic and political scenario. Political Socialisation: ‘Caste values’ and caste interests influence persons political thinking, awareness and participation. Caste and nomination of candidates: Due to this process of political socialisation of caste, 'caste consciousness' arouses among people. While nominating their candidates from different constituencies the political parties keep in mind the cast of candidate and caste of the voters in that particular constituency. It in turn affects democratic ideals of equality, justice. Caste and voting behaviour: In the election campaigns, votes are demanded in the names of caste. Which in turn affects peoples' thinking as people tend to vote to the candidate who takes interest in solving their castes problem only. Caste as divisive in Indian Politics: At times it leads to an unhealthy struggle for power and acts as a divisive force. Caste and organization of government: The caste factor affects state government policies and decisions. The ruling party tries to use its decision-making power to win the favour of major caste groups. Regional political power for furthering the interests of the caste groups which support or can support their regimes. Social and political tensions: The provisions made for the protection of interests of scheduled castes & tribes have also disturbed the social harmony in the Indian society. But, at the same time prevalence of caste politics has resulted in the welfare and development of marginalised sections of society in following ways. Caste as cohesive force in Indian Politics: It is a source of unity among the members of groups and acts as a cohesive force. Prevalence of caste politics in India also resulted in the enactment of legislations to protect the rights of disadvantaged and marginalised sections of society. e.g. Prevention of atrocities against SC & ST‘s Act -1989, Protection of Civil Rights Act-1976. Many caste based political parties are working more efficiently to solve the problems of their respective castes people. Though prevalence of caste politics in India has contributed in some way to modernize political attitude it doesn't indicate that it is the way through which welfare of marginalised and disadvantaged sections can be achieved. The following points should also need to be considered to neutralise the role of prevalent caste politics in political attitude: The politician should rise above the politics of caste. Remodelling of education system on secular lines should take place which in turn help to have a more egalitarian society and will lead to change in political attitude. All schools must encourage community living by organizing community meals and all students should be included in it. It will result in empathy and compassion for fellow human beings. Conclusion: Overall it is observed that, caste has been politicised to pursue economic and social interest rather than achieving the democratic ideals of justice, equality and fraternity. This process has reached an impasse and caught into vicious circle. Hence, we need to do away with the prevalent caste politics, which will definitely result in elimination of retrograde political attitude and achieve the more egalitarian social order. 2. What role have social influence and persuasion played in containing the spread of COVID-19? Illustrate. COVID-19 के प्रसार को रोकने में सामाजिक प्रभाव और अनुनय की क्या भूमिका रही है? उदाहरण देकर स्पष्ट करें। Demand of the question: It expects students to write about how social influence and persuasion played role in containing the spread of COVID-19. It also expects students to write about how more effectively it can be used to contain the spread of COVID-19. Introduction: The government, civil society groups, Bollywood - Hollywood celebrities, common people etc used social influencing and persuasion as tools to spread the message to contain the spread of COVID-19. "Janata curfew" is a classical example of Social influence and persuasion. Body: Role played by social influence and persuasion to contain spread of COVID-19: Social influence and persuasion are the keys to bring behavioural changes to solve societal & global problems like caste system, patriarchy, climate change, solid waste management,COVID-19 etc. Government of India took a simple but very effective Social influencing move by putting information about COVID-19 symptoms and the following steps to tackle as the caller tune of mobile rings. It led to wide scale spread of information to people, as there are nearly 116 crore mobile phone subscribers in India today. Government of India's social media handles are frequently posting the information related to COVID-19 on its social media platforms like Instagram, facebook. So information with great details reached people. For instance, how to wash hands in graphical format influenced peoples hand washing habit leading to contain the spread of COVID-19. One of the main weapon to fight with corona virus is to social distancing. Celebrities all over the world appealed to the fellow citizens to maintain social distancing. Which considerably persuaded people and influenced their habits. e.g. Video messages by celebrities like Akshay Kumar and Amitabh Bachhan etc. Political leaders lead with examples, either through their speeches or acts told people what to do and what not to. For instance, Prime ministers and Presidents of various countries faced camera while giving information with mask put on. New York Governor, provided a great example when he made a plea for ventilators asking for anyone who could (within his state or outside) to send the ventilators they are not using and New York will gladly supply you with more later. It led to people donating ventilators to hospitals in New York. People who were felling low to follow home or institutional quarantine also understood the importance of the quarantine procedure and started following quarantine strictly it also helped to contain the spread of virus. Hence, cumulative effect can be seen that in many of the countries the COVID-19 curve has started to flatten. It also led to normalise the new normal i.e. wearing the mask, frequently washing hands, maintaining social distance etc. after a few weeks of social distancing and self-isolation because of Covid-19, we have noticed the decline in our social interactions and might have felt the change in our mental and physical health. Social influencing also helped to tackle these kind challenges too. In this way Social influencing and persuasion have played a very effective role to make people aware and change their thinking, behaviours, attitudes & habits according to the need of time. Many of the false information's were also spread through the social media platforms which influenced people's minds. For instance, Corona virus also spreads through eggs, which in turn affected poultry industry. But in these kind of scenarios too, social influencing and persuasion played role through spread of right information. It in turn also assured the livelihood of many people and helped to contain spread of corona virus. Also following practises can also be followed to increase the effectivity of Social influence and persuasion: Highlight a gap: For young people who might resist, ask what they would suggest an elderly grandparent or a younger brother or sister do. Health officials in Thailand used this approach in anti-smoking campaign. Rather than telling smokers their habit was bad, they had little kids come up to smokers on the street and ask them for a light. Not surprisingly, the smokers told the kids no. Pose questions : Public health messaging tries to be direct: Junk food makes you fat, Drunk driving is murder. But being so forceful can make people feel threatened. The same content can be phrased in terms of a question: “Do you think junk food is good for you?” If someone’s answer is no, they’re now in a tough spot. Same can be done by posing question to those people who roam around without using mask. Conclusion: Therefore, social influence and persuasion are dynamic & powerful tools that hold a huge potential to change the face of world. If creatively used, they can prove to be the most effective tool to tackle the fight with COVID-19 ,and win over it too. 3. What purpose does the merger of government owned banks and PSUs serve? Discuss. सरकार के स्वामित्व वाले बैंकों और सार्वजनिक उपक्रमों के विलय का क्या उद्देश्य है? चर्चा करें। Demand of the question: It expects students to discuss the purpose behind merger of public sector banks. It also expects students to discuss both aspects of impact of merger of government owned banks and PSU's. Introduction: With the motive to strengthen the banking sector, expand the national presence and global reach of these banks and PSU's government announced merger of 10 public sector lenders into four bigger and stronger banks. Earlier to this the Oil & Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) and Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd (HPCL) merged together, resulted in ONGC buying up the 51% government stake in HPCL. Body: As the merger came in to effect there are 12 PSUs - six merged banks and six independent public sector banks. Purpose Behind the Merger Plan Merger was proposed through a ministerial panel called "Alternative Mechanism" headed by Finance Minister. Economic Survey (2015-16) pointed out that constant failure of banks to lend credit to both emerging as well as existing industries has resulted in stagnation in the economic growth of the nation. Economic Survey (2015-16) also pointed out that Problem of credit lending, based on the twin balance sheet crisis, can be checked by the formation of bigger banks. To keep pace with the growing economy, there is a need for big banks that can lend to big industries & entrepreneurs that require large amounts of credit. As per banks’ prudential norms, banks take risks only for those entities that are appropriate as per banks’ size. Banks usually avoid investing in a single entity or business. Also to protect weak PSBs from loss - thereby securing customers and financial system. Hence to invest in large projects, banks with huge lending capacity were needed which can also lend to PSU's. Banks also need large credit, better customer service & connect in order to invest in mega projects through lending. Larger banks can invest in standardizing these processes in larger set of customer-facing entities through technology up gradation, fraud detection, etc. Bigger banks would also be able to adhere to BASEL III norms. Bigger banks & large PSU's with diverse portfolios have lesser chances of failure since it is unlikely that different sector of an economy will face a crisis at a same time. Impact of Merger: Large banks will have large balance sheets which can lend to different sectors of economy as per need in turn lead to growth of Indian economy. The large banking entities & PSU's will be able to absorb financial shocks better. It will also build capacity in PSBs to raise resources without depending on the state exchequer. Consolidated banks will have a better ability to raise resources from the market. Large PSU's can work in synchronous with the government policies. A synergistic relationship would efficiently use one another's network, customer base, better managerial efficiency ,and it will also improve Operational Efficiency. Stronger and globally competitive banks would provide increased choices to the stakeholders. Because of consolidation capital allocation, performance assessment, and steering would become easier for the government. Former RBI Governor has warned that while creating large banks one might end up with a big weak bank. Hence, challenges posed by these merger exercises can't be blindsided: There is a concern among employees that amalgamation may lead to rationalization of bank branches & employees. The merger also sends out poor signals about banking & PSU's governance which will affect trust of customers in banking system. A strong banks merger with a weaker and under-capitalized PSB would stall the bank’s recovery efforts as the weaknesses of one bank may get transferred and the merged entity may become weak. Same scenario can be seen in PSU's merger. For instances, a weak Dena Bank (under Prompt Corrective Action) may impact stronger banks like Bank of Baroda & Vijaya Bank. Bigger banks & PSU's may monopolise market economy. Conclusion: Merged larger banks & PSU's offer more resilience to the banking & PSU's sector but blindsiding experts opinions like twin balance sheet problem, NPA's ,and risk control system would not be helpful to give boost to banking & PSU's sector. Hence, strong foundation of PSBs needed so that banking & public undertakings sector in Indian economy becomes strong enough to achieve the target of $5 trillion GDP economy by 2024. TLP HOT Synopsis DAY_27 PDF

Jul 13, 2020 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam (हिंदी) – 3rd JULY 2020

IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam (हिंदी) – 3rd July 2020 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) रक्षा मंत्रालय (MoD) ने 33 नए फाइटर जेट्स को मंजूरी दी भाग: GS Prelims and Mains II and III - भारत-रूस संबंध; रक्षा समाचार में: रक्षा अधिग्रहण परिषद (Defence Acquisition Council) ने 38,900 करोड़ रुपये के सौदों को मंजूरी दी जिसमें 21 मिग -29 फाइटर जेट्स की खरीद और 59 मिग -29 को अपग्रेड करना और 12 एसयू -30 एमकेआई विमानों का अधिग्रहण शामिल है। भारत के रक्षा मंत्री द्वारा मंज़ूरी रूस यात्रा के दौरान विजय दिवस की परेड के बाद दी गई Important Value Additions: रक्षा अधिग्रहण परिषद के बारे में DAC - रक्षा खरीद पर सरकार का सर्वोच्च निर्णय लेने वाला निकाय है । DAC की अध्यक्षता केंद्रीय रक्षा मंत्री करते हैं। भ्रष्टाचार का मुकाबला करने और सैन्य खरीद से संबंधित निर्णय लेने में तेजी लाने के लिए। रक्षा अधिग्रहण परिषद की ओर से आने वाले निर्णयों का कार्यान्वयन निम्न 3 बोर्डों के द्वारा किया जाता है- रक्षा सचिव की अध्यक्षता में रक्षा खरीद बोर्ड सचिव (रक्षा उत्पादन) की अध्यक्षता में रक्षा उत्पादन बोर्ड सचिव (रक्षा अनुसंधान एवं विकास) की अध्यक्षता में रक्षा अनुसंधान एवं विकास बोर्ड 'एनरिका लेक्सी' केस (इटली बनाम भारत) भाग: GS Prelims and Mains II - भारत- इटली संबंध ; अंतर्राष्ट्रीय कानून और नीतियां एनरिका लेक्सी मामले के बारे में : यह भारत के पश्चिमी तट पर हुई शूटिंग को लेकर चल रहा अंतरराष्ट्रीय विवाद है। 15 फरवरी 2012 को, जब इतालवी-ध्वज वाले वाणिज्यिक तेल टैंकर एमवी एनरिका लेक्सी पर इतालवी नौसैनिकों द्वारा भारतीय मछली पकड़ने के जहाज के दो भारतीय मछुआरों को केरल के तट पर के समीप मार दिया गया था। इटली ने 2015 में, समुद्री कानून पर अंतर्राष्ट्रीय न्यायाधिकरण (ITLOS) का रुख किया और इस मामले की सुनवाई जुलाई 2019 में स्थायी मध्यस्थता न्यायालय (Permanent Court of Arbitration) में की गयी थी। समाचार में: स्थायी मध्यस्थता न्यायालय (PCA) न्यायाधिकरण ने अब निर्णय सुनाया है कि इतालवी नौसैनिक "राजनयिक प्रतिरक्षा" रखते हैं और इटली में मुकदमे का सामना करेंगे, भारत में नहीं। हालाँकि, पीसीए न्यायाधिकरण ने भारत के प्रति-दावे को मान्यता दी कि बोर्ड पर "एनरिका लेक्सी" ने मछली पकड़ने वाली नाव पर शूटिंग करके समुद्री कानून पर संयुक्त राष्ट्र कन्वेंशन (UNCLOS) के तहत नौपरिवहन अधिकारों की स्वतंत्रता का उल्लंघन किया था तथा पीड़ित परिवारों, नाव के मालिक और चालक दल के सदस्यों को मुआवजा देना चाहिए। न्यायाधिकरण ने कहा कि भारत को अपने क्षेत्राधिकार का प्रयोग करना चाहिए। Important value addition: समुद्री कानून पर अंतर्राष्ट्रीय न्यायाधिकरण (ITLOS) एक स्वतंत्र न्यायिक निकाय है, जो समुद्री कानून पर संयुक्त राष्ट्र कन्वेंशन (UNCLOS) द्वारा स्थापित निकाय है तथा कन्वेंशन के अनुप्रयोग से उत्पन्न विवादों पर अधिनिर्णय देता है। स्थाई मध्यस्थता न्यायालय (पीसीए) एक अंतर सरकारी संगठन है जो नीदरलैंड के हेग में स्थित है। पीसीए पारंपरिक अर्थों में एक न्यायालय नहीं है, लेकिन सदस्य राज्यों, अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संगठनों या निजी पक्षों के बीच अंतरराष्ट्रीय समझौतों से उत्पन्न विवादों को हल करने के लिए मध्यस्थ न्यायाधिकरण की सेवाएं प्रदान करता है। पीसीए का गठन दो अलग-अलग बहुपक्षीय कन्वेंशनों के माध्यम से किया गया है तथा यह संयुक्त राष्ट्र की एजेंसी नहीं है , लेकिन पीसीए एक आधिकारिक संयुक्त राष्ट्र पर्यवेक्षक है। चीन के साथ भारत का व्यापार घाटा कम हुआ है (India’s trade deficit with China dips) भाग: GS Prelims and Mains III - भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था और संबंधित मुद्दे; व्यापार घाटा समाचार में: आयात में गिरावट के कारण 2019-20 में चीन के साथ भारत का व्यापार घाटा 48.66 बिलियन डॉलर तक गिर गया । व्यापार घाटा 2018-19 में 53.56 अरब डॉलर और 2017-18 में 63 अरब डॉलर रहा था। नोट : व्यापार घाटा अंतर्राष्ट्रीय व्यापार की एक आर्थिक माप है जिसमें किसी देश का आयात उसके निर्यात से अधिक होता है। (व्यापार घाटा = आयात का कुल मूल्य - निर्यात का कुल मूल्य) भारत सरकार द्वारा चीन के साथ व्यापार घाटे को कम करने के लिए हाल ही में किए गए उपाय : यह चीनी उत्पादों पर निर्भरता को कम करने के लिए कई उत्पादों के लिए तकनीकी नियमों और गुणवत्ता मानदंडों को तैयार कर रहा है। इसने वस्तुओं पर एंटी-डंपिंग शुल्क आरोपित किया है , जो चीन के बाज़ारों की औसत कीमतों से कम पर घरेलू बाजारों में डंप किया जा रहे हैं। सरकार ने उन देशों से आने वाले एफडीआई के मानदंडों को कड़ा कर दिया है जो भारत के साथ भूमि सीमा साझा करते हैं। क्या आप जानते हैं? संशोधित एफडीआई नीति के अनुसार, एक कंपनी या किसी देश से एक व्यक्ति जो भारत के साथ भूमि सीमा साझा करता है, सरकार की मंजूरी मिलने के बाद ही किसी भी क्षेत्र में निवेश कर सकता है। विविध: शिवालिक वन को बाघ अभयारण्य में बदलने का प्रस्ताव समाचार में: उत्तर प्रदेश सरकार सहारनपुर सर्कल में शिवालिक वन को टाइगर रिजर्व घोषित करने के प्रस्ताव पर सक्रियता से विचार कर रही है । यदि स्वीकार किया जाता है, तो यह बिजनौर, पीलीभीत के अमनगढ़ और लखीमपुर-खीरी में दुधवा के बाद उत्तर प्रदेश में चौथा टाइगर रिजर्व होगा। इस कदम से न केवल बढ़ते मानव-पशु संघर्ष को कम किया जा सकेगा बल्कि इस क्षेत्र की समृद्ध जैव विविधता के पोषण में भी मदद मिलेगी। क्या आप जानते हैं? 2019 तक, भारत में 50 टाइगर रिजर्व हैं, जो प्रोजेक्ट टाइगर द्वारा शासित हैं, जिसे राष्ट्रीय बाघ संरक्षण प्राधिकरण (NTCA) द्वारा प्रशासित किया जाता है। भारत विश्व में 80 प्रतिशत बाघों का घर है। टाइगर रिज़र्व राष्ट्रीय बाघ संरक्षण प्राधिकरण द्वारा वन्य जीव (संरक्षण) संशोधन अधिनियम, 2006 के माध्यम से प्रोजेक्ट टाइगर के तहत केंद्र प्रायोजित योजना के अंतर्गत घोषित किए जाते हैं। एक क्षेत्र को टाइगर रिजर्व घोषित करने के लिए, राज्य सरकारें इस संबंध में अपने प्रस्ताव एनटीसीए को भेज सकती हैं। एनटीसीए के माध्यम से केंद्र सरकार, राज्य सरकारों को टाइगर रिजर्व के निर्माण के प्रस्ताव को आगे बढ़ाने की सलाह भी दे सकती है। उद्योग सेतु (Udyog Setu) समाचार में: कंसोर्टियम ऑफ इंडियन एसोसिएशन (CIA) ने केंद्र से आग्रह किया है कि वह आरोग्य सेतु के समान, उद्योग सेतु को विकसित करे, जो कि एक मोबाइल एप्लीकेशन है, जो COVID-19 से बुरी तरह प्रभावित हुए सूक्ष्म, लघु और मध्यम उद्यमों (MSMEs) को राहत पैकेज (bail out) देने के लिए है । विश्वसनीय डेटा की कमी क्षेत्र के पुनरुद्धार में सबसे बड़ी बाधा है तथा इसलिए उद्योग सेतु एप्लिकेशन मदद कर सकता है। मोबाइल एप्लिकेशन में एमएसएमई से संबंधित सभी डेटा शामिल होंगे जैसे कि उद्यमों के नाम, टर्नओवर, कर्मचारियों की संख्या, और संयंत्र का स्थान। सी रंगराजन को महालनोबिस पुरस्कार से सम्मानित किया गया समाचार में: भारतीय रिजर्व बैंक के पूर्व गवर्नर सी. रंगराजन को आधिकारिक आंकड़ों में उनके योगदान के लिए पी.सी. महालनोबिस लाइफटाइम अचीवमेंट अवार्ड से सम्मानित किया गया है। महालनोबिस अंतर्राष्ट्रीय पुरस्कार भारत सरकार के सांख्यिकी मंत्रालय और कार्यक्रम कार्यान्वयन द्वारा प्रायोजित है। यह पुरस्कार विकासशील देश या क्षेत्र की सांख्यिकी में आजीवन उपलब्धियों के लिए एक व्यक्ति को मान्यता देता है। क्या आप जानते हैं? प्रोफेसर पी.सी. महालनोबिस (1893-1972) एक अत्यंत प्रतिष्ठित सांख्यिकीविद् (statistician) थे जिन्होंने कार्यप्रणाली, अनुप्रयोगों, सांख्यिकीय विकास और सार्वजनिक नीति में व्यापक योगदान दिया। उन्होंने भारतीय सांख्यिकी संस्थान की स्थापना की तथा भारत सरकार के सलाहकार के रूप में कार्य किया था। (मुख्य परीक्षा केंद्रित) अंतर्राष्ट्रीय / सुरक्षा विषय: सामान्य अध्ययन 2 , 3 : महत्वपूर्ण अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संस्थान, एजेंसियाँ और उनकी संरचना, एवं जनादेश। सुरक्षा के लिए सरकारी नीतियां और हस्तक्षेप। अनिश्चित विश्व में, वैश्विक उच्च संस्था में एक स्थान संदर्भ: 1 जनवरी, 2021 से आरंभ होने वाले दो साल के कार्यकाल के लिए भारत संयुक्त राष्ट्र सुरक्षा परिषद (UNSC) में स्थान ग्रहण करेगा। 2021 तक, यह आशा है कि COVID-19 समाप्त हो जाएगा अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति चुन लिए जाएंगे, हो सकता है कि किसी नई विश्व व्यवस्था की रूपरेखा सामने आए गैर-स्थायी सीट के लिए इस वर्ष के चुनाव के बारे में प्रत्येक देश को प्राप्त मतों की संख्या के अनुसार, निर्वाचित देश मेक्सिको, भारत, नॉर्वे, आयरलैंड और केन्या थे। चूंकि अफ्रीकी समूह में कोई समर्थन नहीं था, जिसके कारण केन्या को जिबूती (Djibouti) के खिलाफ दूसरे दौर के लिए जाना पाडा। केन्या पश्चिम राज्यों का पसंदीदा था और जिबूती (Djibouti) को चीन और इस्लामिक राज्यों का समर्थन प्राप्त था। पश्चिमी यूरोपीय और अन्य समूह में, कनाडा एक विवादास्पद प्रतियोगिता में आयरलैंड से हार गया। COVID-19 ने चुनावी प्रक्रिया पर क्या प्रभाव डाला? राजदूतों को एक साथ मतदान के बजाय अपने मतपत्र डालने के लिए एक-एक करके महासभा हॉल में प्रवेश करने की अनुमति दी गई थी। अभियान भी अपरंपरागत था - अभियान व्यक्तिगत बैठकों के माध्यम के बजाय, ज़ूम मीटिंग तथा ब्रोशर (brochures) और पैम्फ़लेट के बंटवारे के माध्यम से हुआ। गैर-स्थायी सदस्य के रूप में UNSC में चुने जाने से भारत कैसे लाभ होगा? स्थायी सीट के लिए उम्मीद बढ़ती है : 192 वोटों में से, भारत को 184 वोट मिले, जिससे जाहिर है कि, भारत की परिषद में स्थायी सदस्यता के लिए उसकी खोज सफल हो सकती है। उच्च कूटनीति तक पहुंच: भारत को यूएनएससी(UNSC) के परामर्श कक्ष में भी प्रवेश मिलेगा, जो परिषद के गैर-सदस्यों के लिए बंद है। इस कक्ष में महत्त्वपूर्ण वार्ता बिना किसी सार्वजनिक रिकॉर्ड के होती है। भारतीय हित के लिए ज़ोर देना: यूएनएससी (UNSC) में भारत के लिए आतंकवाद का मुकाबला सर्वोच्च प्राथमिकताओं में से एक होगा । उच्च प्रोफ़ाइल : भारत की अगले दो वर्षों के लिए संयुक्त राष्ट्र में एक उच्च प्रोफ़ाइल होगी क्योंकि गैर-स्थायी सदस्यों के पास परिषद में प्रत्येक प्रस्ताव पर एक सामूहिक वीटो का अधिकार होता है। सक्रिय कूटनीति: स्थायी सदस्य अपने द्वारा प्रस्तावों को अपनाने से रोक सकते हैं, लेकिन उन्हें एक प्रस्ताव पारित कराने के लिए कम से कम नौ वोटों की आवश्यकता होती है, जहां भारत सक्रिय पैरवी की भूमिका निभा सकता है और इसे अपने हित के लिए भी इस्तेमाल कर सकता हैं। भारत के लिए चुनौतियां परिषद में भारत के प्रदर्शन से उसे सम्मान अर्जित हो सकता है, लेकिन यह स्थायी सदस्यता की ओर नहीं बढ़ेगा क्योंकि स्थायी सदस्यों के विस्तार के लिए कड़ा विरोध होता रहा है। भारतीय मिशन पर काम का दबाव भी बढ़ेगा क्योंकि भारत ऐसे कई मुद्दों में शामिल हो सकता है, जिनमें उसका कोई सीधा संबंध न हो। चूंकि भारत के पास वीटो नहीं है, इसलिए उसे सावधानी से आगे बढ़ना होगा जिससे कि वह किसी विशेष रूप से किसी वीटो सदस्यों को नाराज न करे ताकि जब भारत का हित सामने आए तो वे कोई जवाबी कार्रवाई न करें। Connecting the dots: राष्ट्र संघ (League of Nations) क्यों विफल हुआ? संयुक्त राष्ट्र का इतिहास और इसके कार्य की आलोचना अर्थव्यवस्था / शासन / कृषि विषय: सामान्य अध्ययन 2 , 3 : भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था और संसाधनों के नियोजन, संग्रहण से संबंधित मुद्दे विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में विकास के लिए सरकार की नीतियाँ और हस्तक्षेप कोर क्षेत्र का संकुचन: अर्थव्यवस्था में धीमापन (Core’s contraction: On slowing economy) संदर्भ : मई 2020 में, लगातार तीसरे महीने के लिए आठ कोर उद्योगों के उत्पादन में कमी दर्ज की गयी। आठ कोर उद्योगों के सूचकांक के बारे में (About Index of Eight Core Industries -ICI) Eight Core Industries (ICI) का मासिक सूचकांक एक उत्पादन मात्रा सूचकांक (production volume index) है । Eight Core Industries (ICI) चयनित आठ प्रमुख उद्योगों में उत्पादन के सामूहिक और व्यक्तिगत प्रदर्शन को मापता है कोयला, कच्चा तेल, प्राकृतिक गैस, पेट्रोलियम रिफाइनरी उत्पाद, उर्वरक, सीमेंट, स्टील, और बिजली उत्पादन। इसे आर्थिक सलाहकार कार्यालय (OEA), उद्योग और आंतरिक व्यापार संवर्धन विभाग (DPIIT), वाणिज्य और उद्योग मंत्रालय द्वारा संकलित और जारी किया जाता है। आईसीआई (ICI) सभी औद्योगिक प्रदर्शन और अर्थव्यवस्था में सामान्य आर्थिक गतिविधियों के लिए एक महत्वपूर्ण संकेतक है । इन आठ उद्योगों में शामिल वस्तुओं का भारांश, औद्योगिक उत्पादन सूचकांक का 40.27% (IIP CSO द्वारा जारी किया जाता है) है। Image Source: PIB मई , 2020 के लिए आईसीआई (ICI) मई 2020 में आईसीआई (ICI) की विकास दर में 23.4 प्रतिशत की गिरावट आई, जबकि अप्रैल 2020 के पिछले महीने में यह 37 प्रतिशत की गिरावट दर्ज की गई थी। मई में उर्वरक को छोड़कर, सभी सात क्षेत्रों - कोयला, कच्चे तेल, प्राकृतिक गैस, रिफाइनरी उत्पाद, इस्पात, सीमेंट, और बिजली -में नकारात्मक वृद्धि दर्ज की गई थी। छह क्षेत्रों में दो अंकों की गिरावट देखी गई है। स्टील और सीमेंट सबसे ज्यादा प्रभावित हुए, जिनमें क्रमशः 48.4% और 22.2% की गिरावट दर्ज की गई। मई 2020 के लिए आईसीआई (ICI) नकारात्मक क्यों था? महामारी के कारण लॉकडाउन ने अर्थव्यवस्था के बड़े हिस्से को बंद कर दिया गया था, जिसका अर्थ, इन आठ उद्योगों की मांग में कमी आना है। निर्माण गतिविधियां और बुनियादी ढांचा परियोजनाएं ज्यादातर ठप रहीं जिससे स्टील और सीमेंट की मांग में भारी कमी आई। लॉकडाउन के दौरान वाहनों की आवाजाही पर अंकुश लगाने के कारण, रिफाइनरी उत्पादों जिसका सूची में सबसे बड़ा 28% का योगदान था, ऑटोमोबाइल ईंधन की मांग में कमी के कारण 21.3% तक आ गया। विद्युत् उत्पादन में 15.6% गिरावट आयी, जो अप्रैल की 23% गिरावट से मामूली सुधार है, इसमें प्रतिबंधों में आंशिक राहत और घरों द्वारा गर्मियों में खपत के कारण वृद्धि हुई है। केवल उर्वरक उद्योग से अच्छी खबर आई उर्वरक उत्पादन में 7.5% की वृद्धि हुई जो पिछले दो महीनों में देखी गई मंदी के विपरीत है और कृषि क्षेत्र में मजबूत गतिविधियों के संकेत मिल रहे है। किसानों को पौधरोपण (इससे उर्वरक उपयोग) बढ़ाने के लिए प्रेरित करने वाले दो कारक हैं। पहला मानसून : जून में सामान्य से 17.6% अधिक वर्षा हुई। दूसरे मिट्टी की नमी की स्थिति में सुधार हुआ है: 2019 की दूसरी छमाही के बाद से अतिरिक्त वर्षा के परिणामस्वरूप बांध जलाशयों को लगभग क्षमता से भरने के साथ-साथ भूजल तालिकाओं में काफी पुनर्भरण (रिचार्जिंग) हुई है । परिणामस्वरूप, खरीफ की बुवाई में तीव्र उछाल आया, इस क्षेत्र में 26 जून से बुआई प्रारम्भ हुई , जोकि 315.6 लाख हेक्टेयर के क्षेत्र में हुई जो एक साल पहले की तुलना में दोगुने से अधिक है। आगे की चुनौतियां अधिकांश कृषि उत्पादन मानसून के प्रवाह पर निर्भर करेगा। टिड्डियों के झुंड (locust swarms) से इस साल खासकर पश्चिमी, मध्य और उत्तरी भारत के कृषि क्षेत्रों को खतरा है। फूड एंड एग्रीकल्चर ऑर्गनाइजेशन ने 27 जून के अपने अपडेट में चेतावनी दी थी कि भारत को उत्तरी अफ्रीका से टिड्डों (swarms) के संभावित आगमन को लेकर जुलाई तक हाई अलर्ट पर रहने की आवश्यकता है। पिछले एक महीने के दौरान डीजल की कीमतों में वृद्धि (रु11/लीटर) से खेती की लागत बढ़ गयी है । Connecting the dots: कोयला खनन सुधार - विकास को पुनर्जीवित करने पर इसका प्रभाव किसानों की आय दोगुनी करना - अशोक दलवई समिति (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) मॉडल प्रश्न: (You can now post your answers in comment section) ध्यान दें: आज के सवालों के सही जवाब अगले दिन के डीएनए सेक्शन में दिए जाएंगे। कृपया इसे देखें और अपने उत्तर अपडेट करें। Comments Up-voted by IASbaba are also the “correct answers”. Q.1) 'एनरिका लेक्सी घटना' को समुद्री कानून के लिए अंतर्राष्ट्रीय न्यायाधिकरण (ITLOS) द्वारा देखा जा रहा है। इसका संबंध निम्न में से किस देश से है? चीन और जापान भारत और इटली अमेरिका और चीन भारत और रूस Q.2) आधुनिक अर्थशास्त्र के संस्थापक पिता के रूप में किसे जाना जाता है? एडम स्मिथ महालनोबिस जे.एम. कीन्स गोपाल कृष्ण सारंगी Q.3) निम्नलिखित में से कौन सी पंचवर्षीय योजना महालनोबिस मॉडल पर आधारित थी? पहली पंचवर्षीय योजना दूसरी पंचवर्षीय योजना पांचवीं पंचवर्षीय योजना बारहवीं पंचवर्षीय योजना Q.4) निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: भारतीय पशु कल्याण बोर्ड, पर्यावरण (संरक्षण) अधिनियम, 1986 के तहत स्थापित किया गया है। राष्ट्रीय बाघ संरक्षण प्राधिकरण एक सांविधिक निकाय है। राष्ट्रीय गंगा नदी बेसिन प्राधिकरण की अध्यक्षता प्रधानमंत्री द्वारा की जाती है। ऊपर दिए गए कौन से कथन सही है/ हैं? केवल 1 केवल 2 और 3 केवल 2 1, 2 और 3 Q.5) स्थाई मध्यस्थता न्यायालय (Permanent Court of Arbitration- PCA) के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: यह एक अंतर-सरकारी संगठन है जो अंतर्राष्ट्रीय समुदाय को विभिन्न प्रकार की विवाद समाधान सेवाएँ प्रदान करता है। यह संयुक्त राष्ट्र की एजेंसियों में से एक है। पीसीए, अंतर्राष्ट्रीय व्यापार कानून पर संयुक्त राष्ट्र आयोग (UNCITRAL) के मध्यस्थता नियमों के तहत मामलों का प्रबंधन भी करता है। ऊपर दिए गए कौन से कथन सही है / हैं? केवल 1 केवल 1 और 3 केवल 2 और 3 1, 2 और 3 ANSWERS FOR 2nd July 2020 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 D 2 C 3 A 4 C अवश्य पढ़ें NIRF के बारे में: The Financial Express कमजोर और सुभेद्य लोगों के लिए बुनियादी न्यूनतम आय सहायता की आवश्यकता के बारे में: The Indian Express अब भारत में टार्चर संस्कृति समाप्त होनी चाहिए ( India’s torture culture to end now): The Hindu

Jul 13, 2020 AIR

Security Issues in Border Areas - All India Radio (AIR) IAS UPSC

ARCHIVES Security Issues in Border Areas Search 22nd June, 2020 Spotlight here: http://www.newsonair.com/Main_Audio_Bulletins_Search.aspx Topic: General Studies 3: Security challenges and their management in border areas In News: The sudden and tragic loss of 20 Indian army personnel in a treacherous ambush by the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) in Ladakh’s Galwan Valley has caused deep public anguish and anger, mollified, only partially, by the swift retribution visited on the assailants by our gallant jawans. This has led to several debates on if our borders are safe and if the government is doing enough. The trust between our leaderships and nations has been seriously impaired by the events in Ladakh. The response of the government of India to China’s recent actions in Ladakh must be an all-of-government one, indeed an all-India one — covering all sectors including heightened security and be coordinated, consistent and implemented with spine. This is not a question of nationalism or patriotism but of self-esteem and self-respect. Bilateral relations between India and China cannot progress unless there is peace on the borders and China recognises that India too has non-negotiable core concerns, aspirations and interests. The principle of equal and mutual security is fundamental. No country can have a veto on India’s relations with any other country or group of countries. India needs to come to terms with the fact that a gigantic power has risen on its door step. India must also recognise that China, like the great powers before it, wants to redeem its territorial claims, has the ambition to bend the neighbourhood to its will, reshape the global order to suit its interests. Spotlight on high-altitude warfare and the challenges High-altitude warfare is fought keeping the terrain and weather in mind. The kind of infrastructure and training that the troops require for high-altitude warfare are key factors. The harshness of the terrain calls for a specialised kind of training to prepare soldiers in terms of mindset and acclimatisation. To begin with, the troops are imparted training in basic and advance training in mountaineering to make them equipped for mountain warfare. Generally, India is considered a hub of mountain warfare skills since most of the country’s north and northeast requires such skills. Ladakh Scouts are considered the best in this kind of warfare. Mountain chop, a tactic involved in such warfare, evolved in India where the mountainous terrain is very difficult to scale. The mindset of the enemy, sitting above, needs to be assessed. Taking stock of the entire situation, one needs to find out the easiest approaches. Especially when there are vertical cliffs, it is generally perceived that the enemy that has taken defensive positions will be less guarded from the side of difficult approaches… Basically, the most difficult approaches where the enemy is likely to give the least resistance need to be used efficiently The Challenges A big factor is who has taken defensive positions and who is sitting on higher ground. Once troops are sitting on high ground, it becomes very difficult to dislodge them from there. In a place like Galwan Valley, which is absolutely barren, there is not much concealment. The soldier on high ground is absolutely stationary, which makes those on lower terrain easy targets; the enemy can pick them up one by one. Normally in mountain warfare, troops on lower ground use a combat ratio of 1:6, but in circumstances as in Galwan, it may go up to 1:10. Generally, mountain warfare is fought using the period of darkness to reach the opposing army, engage and overpower them before the first light of day. In case troops do not have the capabilities, fitness or strategies to do so before dawn, then it is a lost cause. Other challenges faced by soldiers in high altitudes: The first major factor is acclimatisation since the oxygen supply reduces drastically. Next, the load carrying capacity of individuals reduces drastically. Things move very slow in the mountains and mobilisation of troops consumes time. Thus, time and place need to be kept on top priority when deciding where the troops have to be stationed and how they have to be mobilised. The Way Forward Army must revisit strategies on northern borders The Indian Army has to strategise and should revisit its rules of engagement on the Northern Borders, mindful that troops in tactical situations cannot be shackled by past treaties, which the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) deals with disdain. Real-time intelligence, surveillance equipment and satellite imageries must be available to field formations that need to act on it. This should not be delayed by the bureaucratic maze. We need to strategise for the future, including the modern manifestations of non-contact, non-kinetic warfare. We must avoid unnecessary nitpicking on semantics of statements made in a particular context. This will be a great service to the soldier on the ground. Politically On national security issues, there must be national unity. There ought to be faith in those at the helm that the issues of national security will not be soft-pedalled or obscured on the altar of politics. Similarly, within the norms and constraints of national security, the establishment must keep the nation informed, to avoid an information vacuum that leads to rumour-mongering. At the ground-level, we need to visibly reinforce our positions, and move forward to the LAC all along, enhancing the operational-tempo of the three services as a measure of deterrence. Indian warships should show heightened presence at the Indian Ocean choke-points. Cyber emergency response teams country-wide should remain on high alert. While building-up stocks of weapons, ammunition and spares, the Ministry of Defence should seize this opportunity to urgently launch some long-term “atma-nirbharta” schemes in defence-production. At the strategic level, the government must moot a sustained process of engagement with China at the highest politico-diplomatic echelons. The negotiations should seek multi-dimensional Sino-Indian modus-vivendi; encompassing the full gamut of bilateral issues like trade, territorial disputes, border-management and security. Simultaneously, at the grand-strategic level, India should initiate a dialogue for the formation of an “Indo-Pacific Concord for Peace and Tranquility”, inviting four members of the Quad as well as Vietnam, Indonesia, Philippines and Malaysia. India should continue its endeavours to consolidate its solidarity and amity among neighbours and all democratic powers of the world. China is the only non-democratic major power in the world. It will leave no stone unturned in order to make India vulnerable both externally and internally. Acknowledging China’s dramatic rise and recognising the scale of the challenge it presents are the first steps for Delhi in crafting a new China policy. For the Modi government, this should be a valuable opportunity to get back to basics on restoring internal political coherence, accelerating economic modernisation and expanding India’s national power. Developing a comprehensive Underwater Domain Awareness strategy Our navy has interdicted Chinese maritime research and survey vessels that entered our Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and Continental Shelf (CS) without our prior consent in 2018 and 2019. India has legislation (Act No. 80/1976) that requires foreign marine scientific vessels to seek licence prior to undertaking activities. The Chinese claim that they are serving the interests of global scientific research. This will need coordination between our national security agencies, the navy, and the government departments responsible for the marine environment and disaster management, but also collaboration with like-minded countries who share our concerns. Such cooperation includes, inter alia, deepening of real-time information exchange, co-development and deployment of UDA monitoring devices and joint processing of acoustic signatures, and closer coordination in the patrolling of sea lanes to ensure a free and open Indo-Pacific. The deployment of PLAN intelligence-gathering ships with naval escort along our coasts might also require a new sort of response. We should learn from Chinese tactics. A RAND study describes how they use fishing boats, which are actually “maritime militia”, to overwhelm the external adversary with swarm-tactics, supported from the rear by coast-guard or naval vessels. This is below the threshold of a military response, and a successful, albeit crude, way of blocking the PLAN vessel. We have multiple fishing communities that can be provided with the capacity and training for such purposes. Building Maritime Domain Awareness, and especially Underwater Domain Awareness (UDA) capabilities and technology, both domestically and with like-minded partners, should be given the highest priority. Conclusion India should maintain communal harmony in the country at all costs, embedded with equity and prosperity. Defence preparedness should be vigorously pursued to insulate us from unpleasant surprises. This is a time for firm resolve and prudence, to stay united and determined in the commitment to protect the integrity of the nation and its people. The vision should be to establish with utmost urgency, stable, viable and peaceful national boundaries, all around, so that India can proceed, unhindered, with the vital tasks of nation-building and socio-economic development Connecting the Dots: The need for a comprehensive Underwater Domain Awareness (UDA) strategy is pressing. Discuss. Examine the significance of border infrastructure for managing security challenges in the border regions. How critical is border infrastructure development for the internal security of India? Discuss in the light of India’s unique geo-strategic location and domestic politics of bordering states. More than history, it’s the geography of India that aggravates the security challenges in the border regions. Analyse.

Jul 13, 2020 RSTV Video

Elephant Death in Kerala & Focus on Man-Animal Conflict – The Big Picture – RSTV IAS UPSC

Elephant Death in Kerala & Focus on Man-Animal Conflict Archives TOPIC: General Studies 3 Environment and Conservation In News: Primary investigation into the death of a pregnant elephant in Kerala has found that it may have accidentally consumed a cracker-stuffed fruit, the Environment ministry said. The ministry also noted that many times locals resort to an illegal act of planting explosive-filled fruits to repel wild boars from entering plantation farms. The 15-year-old elephant consumed a pineapple filled with powerful firecrackers which exploded in its mouth in the Silent Valley forest. The fruit exploded in her mouth, causing severe burn injuries because of which she was unable to eat. Her traumatic death was caused by starvation. She suffered for days, and yet amazingly, was compassionate enough not to trample through the village or destroy our fields in anger and pain. Her last hours were spent standing in the Velliyar river, her trunk and wounded mouth submerged in water. Snaring is a practice that is widely used in different parts of the country to kill wild animals. An edible item is packed with explosives or chemicals or glass pieces, so as to make sure an animal is deceived, and killed…The issue received national attention and was trending on social media for several days. Fact: One of three extant recognised subspecies of the Asian elephant and native to mainland Asia Listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List The wild population has declined by at least 50% since the 1930s Threatened by loss, degradation and fragmentation of its habitat Elephant is an endangered species included in Schedule 1 of the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972. The animals included in Schedule 1 need high level of protection. The Schedule provides for the certificate of ownership and makes it mandatory for the elephant owners to provide adequate facilities for the housing, maintenance and upkeep of captive elephants. Project Elephant It is a flagship programme of Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) Launched in 1992 it is a Centrally-sponsored scheme Primarily aimed at protecting elephant, their habitats and corridors It addresses issues of man-animal conflict and welfare of domesticated elephants. The current crisis The outrage over the death of the elephant is misplaced. Whenever an animal is declared vermin by a state government, they use all sorts of cruel ways to kill the animals without any dignity whatsoever. Wild boars are declared vermin in Kerala. That means that they do not enjoy the protection given to wild animals under the Wildlife Protection Act. Between 2015 and 2018, India lost dense forest cover the size of Kolkata, though the Forest Survey of India (FSI) 2019 reports an increase in green cover. Moderately dense forests have also shrunk. Apart from the obvious impact for climate change—FSI 2019 reports the loss of old forests in the north-eastern states, apart from a dip in the carbon stock of Indian forests—the loss of such cover, across states that are known for wildlife diversity, has meant human-wildlife conflicts steadfastly remaining high. As per the environment ministry, nearly 2,400 people have been killed by elephants alone between 2014-2015 and 2018-2019, while tigers have killed 221 people between 2014 and 2018. The Centre has paid nearly `6 crore between 2014 and 2018, under Project Tiger, to states as assistance for compensation to families of people killed by tigers—for wildlife habitat development, between FY15 and FY19, it gave the states Rs 532 crore. But, states have done little to conserve forests—indeed, destruction of forest land has been to the detriment of both wildlife and forest-dwelling people and locals dependent on forests for at least a part of their income. It is evident from both, the incidents of human-animal conflict, as well as the fact that some of the states that saw the highest diversion of forest land are also those that saw green cover expand, with monoculture (often, of unsuitable tree species) the norm for reafforestation. Lost ranges and blocked corridors for elephants have made elephants look for soft landscapes adjoining forests such as coffee, tea and cardamom estates, and in the absence of these, wander into food-rich farms falling in their movement pathways. Expansion of human settlements into forests – expansion of cities, industrial areas, railway/road infrastructure, tourism etc. Commercial pressures eat into already diminished habitat. Allowing livestock to graze in forest areas Land use transformations such as change from protected forest patches to agricultural and horticultural lands and monoculture plantations are further destroying the habitats of wildlife. Unscientific structures and practices of forest management in the country Infestation of wildlife habitat by invasive exotic weeds leads to decreased availability of edible grasses for wild herbivores Decreased prey base caused by poaching of herbivores has also resulted in carnivores moving out of forests in search of prey and to indulge in cattle lifting. Can there be solutions? India’s culture of tolerance must be supplemented by innovative, evidence-driven, socially-just institutions that govern the human-wildlife interface. For this, the Indian government and civil society need relevant and timely data. First, we need to better understand the core ecological variables How many elephants are there, and how are they distributed? Do the forests that the elephants live in have enough palatable vegetation, or has it been replaced by invasive weeds and inedible plantation trees like teak? In northeast India, we don’t even know all the places elephants go, inhibiting the protection of their habitat and lives. Such vital data could empower conservationists to pursue forest regeneration, grassland restoration, and corridor protection necessary to support large populations of elephants. Second, data on human-elephant conflicts Currently, data on crop-raiding by elephants, elephant deaths, and human deaths due to conflict are buried in paper files scattered across the country, preventing timely analyses. If state governments develop electronic databases on human-elephant conflict, the government and civil society can target interventions to places where elephants are troubling communities. We can strategically choose where to help farmers replace lethal electric fences with effective non-lethal barriers, deploy awareness programmes to minimise accidental encounters, and strengthen the administration of fair compensation programmes. The building of such evidence-driven institutions to protect elephants requires funding. While NGOs could use help from the private sector, the government must also step up. The National Tiger Conservation Authority receives approximately Rs. 350 crore a year — Project Elephant receives less than 10 per cent of that. Third, consider further disincentivising cruelty towards animals Currently, the wildlife laws guiding sentencing for illegal hunting do not consider whether the animal suffered a slow and painful death. India’s conservation laws are geared to protect species, not prevent animal cruelty. Accepting that the people will continue to kill wild animals, perhaps our laws should regard cruel acts more harshly than, say, defending crops with a gun when there is no alternative. Also, Inclusion of local community in forest wildlife management To ensure that money which comes in through tourism (of Tiger reserves) should be used for the development of the local villages as has been done in Tadoba tiger reserve, Maharashtra Ensuring that elephant corridors are not razed/neglected due to overzealous developmental approach Radio tagging of elephants can help identify danger spots and also avoid man-animal conflict Ban on illegal electrical fencing with proper guidelines for maintaining the height of high tension electrical wires – cabling of power lines should be mandatory A proper zone-wise management plan for different elephant landscapes — where to allow elephants and where to restrict their movement Effort should be to expand elephant corridors, using the successful models within the country, including acquisition of lands using private funds and their transfer to the government. Human-wildlife conflict is not linear, and can have unforeseen ripple effects on biodiversity and the forest ecosystem Note: Elephant corridors are strips of land connecting two large habitats, which are supposed to provide a safe corridor for elephants to migrate from one landscape to another. In India, there are 101 elephant corridors. Elephant Information Network (EIN) Has enabled human-elephant coexistence in southern India Acts as an early warning mechanism to alert people when elephants are nearby, minimizing negative human-elephant interactions, and increasing people’s tolerance towards elephants. By Mr. Ananda Kumar Karnataka has the highest number of elephants (6,049), followed by Assam (5,719) and Kerala (3,054) Karnataka, which has the largest elephant population in the country, captures and confines elephants in conflict with humans Called Kumki elephants, they are tamed and trained in forest camps, and are now in demand in other States, for patrolling duties in forest reserves Their ‘export’ also helps Karnataka, reducing the burden on its camps. How: The state has a tradition of training wild pachyderms: folklore has it that the Jenu Kuruba tribes excelled at it, supplying elephants to the Chola and Pallava kings. Tipu Sultan institutionalised the practice three centuries ago. They have been exported to the following parks – Dudhwa National Park, Uttar Pradesh Jharkhand’s Palamu Tiger Reserve Uttarakhand: Corbett Tiger Reserve + Rajaji Tiger Reserve + Nandhaur Wildlife Sanctuary Connecting the dots: Kasturirangan Committee report on Western Ghats

Jul 13, 2020 INTEGRATED REVISION PLAN (IRP) 2020

[Day 29] INTEGRATED REVISION PLAN(IRP – हिंदी & ENGLISH) 2020 – PRELIMS & MAINS – [13th July, 2020]

For Previous IRP (हिंदी & English ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE Hello Friends, Welcome to [Day 29] INTEGRATED REVISION PLAN(IRP – हिंदी & ENGLISH) 2020 – PRELIMS & MAINS – [13th July, 2020] UPSC Static Quiz - 2020 : IASbaba's Daily Static Quiz - ECONOMY [Day 29] UPSC Quiz - 2020 : IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs Quiz [Day 29] IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 2 – ENGLISH & हिंदी): UPSC Mains Answer Writing – General Studies Paper 3 Questions[13th July,2020] – Day 29 [Day 29] IASBABA का इंटीग्रेटेड रिवीज़न प्लान (IRP) 2020 - [13th July, 2020] The Intention behind this Initiative: IRP 2020 – Road Map for the next 100 Days! We will make sure, in the next 4 months not a single day is wasted. All your energies are channelized in the right direction. Trust us! This will make a huge difference in your results this time, provided that you follow this plan sincerely every day without fail. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” To Know More about the Initiative -> CLICK HERE विस्तृत विवरण के लिए नीचे क्लिक करें -> CLICK HERE SCHEDULE/DETAILED PLAN – > CLICK HERE Thank You IASbaba

Jul 13, 2020 INTEGRATED REVISION PLAN (IRP) 2020

[Day 29] IASBABA का इंटीग्रेटेड रिवीज़न प्लान (IRP) 2020 - [13th July, 2020]

For Previous IRP (Hindi & English ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE हाल ही में UPSC द्वारा COVID-19 को देखते हुए प्रारंभिक परीक्षा-2020 के लिए नई तिथि 4 अक्टूबर, 2020 की घोषणा की गयी है। ऐसे में इन 100 दिनों का सदुपयोग सही दिशा में करना अति महत्त्वपूर्ण हो गया है। इसको देखते हुए IASBABA टीम द्वारा इष्टतम लाभ प्राप्त करने के लिए 10 जून 2020 से इंटीग्रेटेड रिवीज़न प्लान-2020 लांच किया गया है, जिससे एक बार पुनः परीक्षा से संबंधित संपूर्ण पाठ्यक्रम का समुचित रिवीज़न किया जा सके। इंटीग्रेटेड रिवीज़न प्लान (IRP) 2020 के महत्वपूर्ण तथ्य: IRP 2020 एक निःशुल्क पहल है, जिसे आपको अगले 100 दिनों के लिए केंद्रित रखने के लिए डिज़ाइन किया गया है! कार्यक्रम 10 जून 2020 से आरंभ होगा। यह सप्ताह में 6 दिन चलेगा। रविवार को अवकाश होगा - आप इस समय का उपयोग रिवीज़न और वैकल्पिक विषय के लिए कर सकते हैं। इसमें आपकी प्रारंभिक परीक्षा और मुख्य परीक्षा दोनों की तैयारी शामिल हैं। प्रतिदिन आधार पर - प्रारंभिक परीक्षा - 5 करंट अफेयर्स संबंधी बहुविकल्पीय प्रश्न, 10 स्टेटिक भाग जैसे इतिहास, भूगोल, राजव्यवस्था, अर्थशास्त्र एवं पर्यावरण आदि संबंधी बहुविकल्पीय प्रश्न होंगे। प्रतिदिन आधार पर - मुख्य परीक्षा - TLP - 3 प्रश्न मुख्य परीक्षा संबंधी GS1, GS2, GS3 को कवर करते हुए पोस्ट किया जाएगा। इन 3 प्रश्नों में से 2 स्टेटिक भाग से और 1 करंट अफेयर्स से होंगे। GS 4 (नीतिशास्त्र) और निबंध पर विशेष जोर - प्रत्येक सप्ताह (शुक्रवार को) 3 प्रश्न पोस्ट किए जाएंगे। इसमें 2 नैतिकता सिद्धांत एवं 1 प्रश्न केस स्टडी पर आधारित होंगे। प्रत्येक शनिवार को 4 निबंध दिए जाएंगे (इसमें 2 सामान्य थीम आधारित और 2 दार्शनिक विषय पर आधारित होंगे) हिंदी माध्यम में प्रश्न शाम 5 बजे (5 PM) अपलोड किए जाएंगे। पहल के बारे में अधिक जानने के लिए -> CLICK HERE SCHEDULE/DETAILED PLAN – > CLICK HERE Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” IASbaba's Daily Static Quiz - ECONOMY Q.1) निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: गैर-ऋण पूंजीगत प्राप्तियों (Non-debt Capital receipts) में ऋणों की वसूली और विनिवेश प्राप्तियां शामिल होती हैं। भारत बॉन्ड एक्सचेंज ट्रेडेड फंड (ETF) देश का पहला कॉर्पोरेट बॉन्ड ETF है। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही नहीं है / हैं? केवल 1 केवल 2 दोनों 1 और 2 न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.2) सबका विश्वास (विरासत विवाद निपटान) योजना 2019 के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: यह योजना वर्तमान जीएसटी शासन में विवादों के परिसमापन के लिए एकल-सामयिक उपाय (one-time measure) है। कोई भी व्यक्ति जो स्वैच्छिक प्रकटीकरण करना चाहता है, योजना के तहत घोषणा दर्ज कर सकता है। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 केवल 2 दोनों 1 और 2 न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.3) निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें स्वदेशी रूप से निर्मित नहीं किए जा रहे निर्दिष्ट रक्षा सामानों के आयात पर जीएसटी को 2050 तक छूट दी गई है। भारत में अंडर -17 महिला फुटबॉल विश्व कप के आयोजन के लिए फीफा और अन्य निर्दिष्ट व्यक्तियों को वस्तुओं और सेवाओं की आपूर्ति पर जीएसटी की छूट है। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 केवल 2 दोनों 1 और 2 न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.4) निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: प्रत्येक व्यक्ति के मामले में, भारत में निवासी होने के नाते, जो 60 वर्ष या उससे अधिक की आयु का है लेकिन 80 वर्ष से कम आयु का है, को आयकर का भुगतान करने की आवश्यकता नहीं है यदि वार्षिक आय 5,00,00 रुपये से कम है। प्रत्येक व्यक्ति के मामले में, भारत में एक निवासी होने के नाते, जो 80 वर्ष या उससे अधिक की आयु का है, उसे वार्षिक आय 7,50,000 रुपये से कम होने पर आयकर का भुगतान करने की आवश्यकता नहीं है। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही नहीं है / हैं? केवल 1 केवल 2 दोनों 1 और 2 न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.5) बजट 2020-21 के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें उधार और अन्य देनदारियों (Borrowings and other liabilities) से केंद्र सरकार की आय का उच्चतम प्रतिशत बनता है। करों और शुल्कों में राज्यों का हिस्सा, केंद्र सरकार के व्यय का उच्चतम प्रतिशत है। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 केवल 2 दोनों 1 और 2 न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.6) निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: कृषि उड़ान योजना (Krishi Udaan scheme) कृषि और किसान कल्याण मंत्रालय द्वारा आरंभ की गई है। निक्षय पोषण योजना (Nikshay Poshan Yojana) स्कूली बच्चों के लिए पोषण प्रदान करने से संबंधित एक योजना है। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 केवल 2 दोनों 1 और 2 न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.7) राजकोषीय घाटा (Fiscal Deficit) के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें राजकोषीय घाटा = कुल व्यय - उधार सहित कुल प्राप्तियां राजकोषीय घाटा सरकार की कुल उधार आवश्यकताओं को दर्शाता है उपरोक्त कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 केवल 2 दोनों 1 और 2 न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.8) राजस्व प्राप्तियों और पूंजीगत प्राप्तियों के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। ब्याज प्राप्तियां, लाभांश और मुनाफे राजस्व प्राप्तियों के हिस्से हैं। संविधान का अनुच्छेद 112 व्यय को राजस्व और अन्य श्रेणियों में दर्शाने का जनादेश देता है। विनिवेश आय पूंजीगत प्राप्तियों का हिस्सा है। उपरोक्त कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 और 2 केवल 1, और 3 केवल 2 1, 2 और 3 Q.9) निम्नलिखित में से कौन पूंजीगत खाते के अंतर्गत आता है? संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका में शेयरों की खरीद केंद्रीय बैंक के साथ आरक्षित खाता (Reserve Account) बाह्य उधार जैसे ईसीबी (बाह्य वाणिज्यिक उधार-ECB) नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें। केवल 1 और 2 केवल 2 और 3 केवल 3 1, 2 और 3 Q.10) निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: चालू खाता (Current Account) राष्ट्र की शुद्ध आय को दर्शाता है। अनुदान (grants) पूंजीगत खाते का एक घटक है। चालू खाते के केवल तीन घटक होते हैं जैसे कि वस्तु (Goods), सेवाएं (Services) और निवेश आय (Investment income)। उपरोक्त में से कौन सा कथन सही नहीं हैं? केवल 1 और 2 केवल 2 और 3 केवल 1 1, 2 और 3 Q.1) भारत सरकार ने 2022 के अंत तक 175 GW अक्षय ऊर्जा स्थापित क्षमता का लक्ष्य निर्धारित किया है। इस संदर्भ में, अपने विशिष्ट लक्ष्यों के घटते क्रम में निम्नलिखित नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा स्रोतों को व्यवस्थित करें: लघु पनबिजली (Small hydro power) सौर ऊर्जा (Solar power) बायोमास ऊर्जा (Biomass power) पवन ऊर्जा (Wind power) नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें: 2-4-3-1 4-2-1-3 1-3-2-4 4-2-3-1 Q.2) हाल ही में निम्न में से किस देश ने लगभग 1,500 वर्षीय यूनेस्को विश्व धरोहर स्थल - हागिया सोफिया - को एक संग्रहालय से मस्जिद में बदलने की अनुमति दी है? सीरिया तुर्की लेबनान मिस्र Q.3) बोस्निया और हर्जेगोविना, जिसे अक्सर अनौपचारिक रूप से बोस्निया के रूप में जाना जाता है, कहाँ स्थित एक देश है - बाल्कन प्रायद्वीप लैब्राडोर प्रायद्वीप स्कैंडिनेवियाई प्रायद्वीप इबेरिआ प्रायद्वीप (Iberian Peninsula) Q.4) धूमकेतु की पूंछ (tail of a comet) को सूर्य से दूर निर्देशित किया जाता है क्योंकि चूंकि धूमकेतु सूर्य के चारों ओर घूमता है, केवल अभिकेन्द्रीय बल (centrifugal force) के कारण धूमकेतु का हल्का द्रव्यमान दूर धकेल दिया जाता है जैसे धूमकेतु घूमता है, धूमकेतु का हल्का द्रव्यमान अपनी पूंछ की दिशा में स्थित किसी तारे से आकर्षित होता है सूर्य द्वारा उत्सर्जित विकिरण, धूमकेतु पर सूर्य से दूर अपनी पूंछ फेंकने वाला एक विकिरणीय दाब (radial pressure) डालती है धूमकेतु की पूंछ सदैव एक ही अभिविन्यास (same orientation) में मौजूद होती है Q.5) निम्नलिखित युग्मों पर विचार करें: (भारत सरकार द्वारा लॉन्च किए गए पोर्टल्स): (संबद्ध मंत्रालय) असीम (ASEEM) पोर्टल:: कौशल विकास और उद्यमिता मंत्रालय उद्यम (Udyam) पोर्टल:: एमएसएमई मंत्रालय सत्यभामा (SATYABHAMA) पोर्टल: महिला और बाल विकास मंत्रालय ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 1 और 2 2 और 3 1, 2 और 3 उत्तर डाउनलोड करने के लिए नीचे क्लिक करें - Click Here

Jul 13, 2020 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz - 2020 : IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs Quiz [Day 29]

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. This is a part of our recently launched, NEW INITIATIVE IASbaba’s INTEGRATED REVISION PLAN (IRP) 2020 – Road Map for the next 100 Days! FREE INITIATIVE! We will make sure, in the next 4 months not a single day is wasted. All your energies are channelized in the right direction. Trust us! This will make a huge difference in your results this time, provided that you follow this plan sincerely every day without fail. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” To Know More about the Initiative -> CLICK HERE SCHEDULE/DETAILED PLAN – > CLICK HERE Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :) After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken and solutions. To take the Test - Click Here

Jul 13, 2020 Daily Static Quiz

UPSC Static Quiz - 2020 : IASbaba's Daily Static Quiz - ECONOMY [Day 29]

For Previous Static Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE DAILY STATIC QUIZ will cover all the topics of Static/Core subjects – Polity, History, Geography, Economics, Environment and Science and technology. This is a part of our recently launched, NEW INITIATIVE IASbaba’s INTEGRATED REVISION PLAN (IRP) 2020 – Road Map for the next 100 Days! FREE INITIATIVE! We will make sure, in the next 4 months not a single day is wasted. All your energies are channelized in the right direction. Trust us! This will make a huge difference in your results this time, provided that you follow this plan sincerely every day without fail. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” To Know More about the Initiative -> CLICK HERE SCHEDULE/DETAILED PLAN – > CLICK HERE Important Note After completing the 10 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken and solutions. Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :) To take the Test - Click Here

Jul 13, 2020 TLP Mains 2020

IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 2 - ENGLISH & हिंदी): UPSC Mains Answer Writing - General Studies Paper 3 Questions[13th July,2020] - Day 29

For Previous TLP (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE Hello Friends, Welcome toIASbaba’s TLP (Phase 2- ENGLISH & हिंदी): UPSC Mains Answer Writing - General Studies 3 Questions[13th July, 2020] - Day 29 This is a part of our recently launched, NEW INITIATIVE IASbaba’s INTEGRATED REVISION PLAN (IRP) 2020 – Road Map for the next 100 Days! FREE INITIATIVE! We will make sure, in the next 4 months not a single day is wasted. All your energies are channelized in the right direction. Trust us! This will make a huge difference in your results this time, provided that you follow this plan sincerely every day without fail. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. We are giving 3 Mains Questions on Daily basis (unlike our regular TLP which has 5 questions) so that every student can actively participate and keep your preparation focused. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” To Know More about the Initiative -> CLICK HERE SCHEDULE/DETAILED PLAN – > CLICK HERE Note: Click on Each Question (Link), it will open in a new tab and then Answer respective questions! 1. What are the major bottlenecks in creating an efficient nation-wide agricultural market? Discuss. What recent measures have been taken to address these bottlenecks. एक कुशल राष्ट्रव्यापी कृषि बाजार बनाने में प्रमुख अड़चनें क्या हैं? चर्चा करें। इन अड़चनों को दूर करने के लिए हाल ही में क्या उपाय किए गए हैं। 2. How is technology adoption transforming agricultural efficiency in rural India? Illustrate. ग्रामीण भारत में प्रौद्योगिकी ने कृषि क्षेत्र को कैसे बदला है? उदाहरण देकर स्पष्ट करें। 3. What are various decentralised irrigation techniques? Why are they beneficial for India’s agro-climatic conditions? Explain. विभिन्न विकेंद्रीकृत सिंचाई तकनीकें क्या हैं? वे भारत की कृषि-जलवायु परिस्थितियों के लिए क्यों फायदेमंद हैं? समझाएं। P.S: The review from IASbaba will happen from the time the question is posted till 10 pm everyday. We would also encourage peer reviews. So friends get actively involved and start reviewing each others answers. This will keep the entire community motivated. All the Best :)

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