Jan 7, 2025 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 7th January 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) CRIMEA Syllabus: Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: Russia officials in Crimea announced a regional emergency on Saturday, as oil was detected on the shores of Sevastopol, the peninsula’s largest city. Background: – Fuel oil spilled out of two storm-stricken tankers nearly three weeks ago in the Kerch Strait, close to eastern Crimea — about 250 kilometers from Sevastopol, which lies on the southwest of the peninsula. Key takeaways Crimea is a peninsula in Eastern Europe, located on the northern coast of the Black Sea and almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. The peninsula is divided into three main zones: mountains, steppe, and the southern coast. The Crimean Mountains rise to 1,545 meters at their highest point, Roman-Kosh. Water Bodies: Crimea has numerous rivers, including the Salhyr, Alma, Kacha, and Belbek. It also has several salt pans and salty lakes, with Lake Sasyk being the largest. Crimea was part of Ukraine until 2014, when Russia annexed the peninsula, a move that was widely condemned by the international community. Economy Agriculture: The steppe region of Crimea is under intensive agricultural cultivation, with crops like winter wheat, corn, potatoes, and sunflowers. Industry: Crimea has a spa industry due to its mud volcanoes and mineral springs, and large-scale iron ore mining in the Kerch Peninsula. Crimea Bridge: Constructed in 2018, this bridge spans the Strait of Kerch, linking Crimea with Russia. Source: Indian Express GURU GOBIND SINGH Syllabus: Prelims – HISTORY Context: Every year, Guru Gobind Singh Jayanti is observed on January 6 to commemorate the birth anniversary of Guru Gobind Singh, the 10th Sikh Guru.  Background: – It is one of the most significant festivals for the Sikh community. This day also commemorates Guru Gobind Singh’s leadership and influence in developing Sikh identity and principles such as equality, justice, and community service. Key takeaways Guru Gobind Singh was named the tenth and last Guru of the Sikhs at the age of nine, following the death of his father, Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Guru.  Guru Tegh Bahadur was martyred by Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb for refusing to convert to Islam. Guru Gobind Singh is known to have introduced the five ‘K’s, the Five Articles of Faith that the Sikhs abide by: Kesh: uncut hair, Kangha: a wooden comb, Kara: an iron or steel bracelet worn on the wrist, Kirpan: a sword, Kacchera: short breeches. Guru Gobind Singh is credited with the Dasam Granth whose hymns are a sacred part of Sikh prayers and Khalsa rituals. Guru Gobind Singh declared the Holy Scriptures of Guru Granth Sahib as the permanent Guru of Sikhs. He passed away in 1708. Guru Gobind Singh established the institution of Panj Piare while founding the Khalsa on the day of Baisakhi in 1699. Addressing a large gathering, he asked for five heads for sacrifice. Five men responded to his call and the Guru baptised them and called them Panj Piare. The inaugural group of Panj Piare formed the nucleus of the Khalsa. However, the term is not limited only to this inaugural group. After them, any group of five baptised Sikhs are also referred to as the Panj Pyare. Guru Gobind Singh’s four sons, were killed during his lifetime – the elder two in a battle with Mughals, and the younger two executed by the Mughal governor of Sirhind. Guru Gobind Singh led several battles against the Mughal Empire and hill rajas. Aurangzeb died in 1707, and immediately a succession struggle began between his sons who attacked each other. Guru Gobind Singh supported Bahadur Shah I in the Battle of Jajau. In 1708 the Guru was assassinated after being stabbed by a Pashtun in Nanded, Maharashtra, on the orders of Mughal ruler Nawab Wazir Khan of Sirhind, who was driven by insecurity over the Guru’s cordial relations with Emperor Bahadur Shah.  When Bahadur Shah learned that the Guru had been stabbed, he dispatched surgeons, to tend to his injuries. Despite their efforts, the wounds reopened after being stitched, leading to the Guru’s death on October 7, 1708.  Source: Indian Express ENHANCING GOVERNANCE THE DIGITAL WAY Syllabus: Mains – GS 2 Context: In recent years, India has embarked on an ambitious journey toward digital governance. Despite the strides made, more needs to be done to fully realise the potential of digital governance. Background: At its core, governance is a complex web of decision-making processes that involves stakeholders, from government bodies and non-governmental organisations to local community leaders and influential citizens. Key takeaways India’s transition to digital governance aims to improve citizen services and enhance government workforce capabilities. Digital governance represents a paradigm shift in how government employees and associated service providers or intermediaries such as contractors should engage with their work.  The adoption of technology in governance facilitates more effective communication, informed decision-making, and streamlined workflows.  Capacity Building in Digital Governance The pressing need for government employees to become adept at navigating digital platforms is paramount in a world that is increasingly technology-driven. Initiatives such as the iGOT Karmayogi platform have taken centre-stage. The online training portal aims to equip officials with essential skills in data analytics, public administration, and digital technologies. Equally transformative is the e-Office initiative, which digitises government workflows, drastically reducing reliance on paperwork and enhancing operational efficiency. By automating file management, workflows, and grievance redress, the initiative promotes real-time communication and transparency.  Another initiative is the transition of procurement processes to the online sphere, with platforms like the Government e-Marketplace (GeM) playing a crucial role. Challenges in Digital Governance Resistance to Change: Government workforce segments exhibit varying levels of readiness and enthusiasm for adopting new technologies. Lack of Incentives: The lack of incentives raises concerns that initiatives such as the iGOT Karmayogi platform could become merely attendance trackers. It is worth considering whether trainings lead to meaningful outcomes — such as opportunities to apply new skills through relevant job postings. Digital Divide: Limited access to high-speed Internet and digital tools, especially in rural areas. Cybersecurity Concerns: Increased risks of data breaches and cyberattacks with online operations. Continuous Learning Needs: Rapid technological evolution demands ongoing training and upskilling opportunities for government employees. The Way Forward for Digital Governance Robust Infrastructure: Address the digital divide through improved connectivity and access to tools in rural areas. Targeted Training: Ensure training programs are outcome-driven and adaptable to emerging technologies. Cybersecurity Frameworks: Develop and implement strong cybersecurity protocols. Incentives for Innovation: Recognise and reward employees who excel in adopting and applying digital tools. Inclusivity: Equip every employee, regardless of rank, background, or location, with skills to thrive in the digital age. Source: The Hindu NET ZERO BANKING ALLIANCE (NZBA) Syllabus: Prelims – INTERNATIONAL Context: Within the span of a month, Wall Street’s biggest banks have quit what had been one of the most popular clubs inside global finance – The Net-Zero Banking Alliance.  Background: – The Net-Zero Banking Alliance (NZBA) was founded on 21 April 2021 by leading global financial institutions under the auspices of the United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI). Key takeaways Bank-led and UN-convened, the Net Zero Banking Alliance is a group of leading global banks committed to aligning their lending, investment, and capital markets activities with net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The Net-Zero Banking Alliance has in quick succession been abandoned by Goldman Sachs Group Inc., Wells Fargo & Co., Citigroup Inc., Bank of America Corp. and Morgan Stanley. JPMorgan Chase & Co., the largest US bank, looks to be next in line.  By joining the alliance, banks commit to: Aligning their lending and investment portfolios with net zero emissions by 2050 Setting interim targets for 2030 or sooner Focusing on the most carbon-intensive sectors Annually reporting on progress and emissions Since its inception, the NZBA has grown significantly, now representing nearly half of global banking assets and, despite the departure of the large US banks, it still has 142 members from 44 countries.  US banks leaving the group reflects banks’ desire to shield themselves from increasing political pressure as Donald Trump returns to the White House. Source: Business Standard THE ARUNACHAL PRADESH FREEDOM OF RELIGION ACT Syllabus: Mains – GS 2 Context: The Arunachal Pradesh government is working to bring a 1978 Act against “forceful” conversion out of cold storage by framing rules for its implementation, 46 years after it was enacted. Background: – The Act was enacted by the then Union Territory of Arunachal Pradesh’s first Legislative Assembly. Since it was enacted in 1978, successive governments have not framed the rules for its implementation, because of which it has laid dormant. Key takeaways  The Act prohibits religious conversion by use of force or inducement or by fraudulent means and entails punishment of imprisonment for up to two years, and a fine of up to Rs. 10,000 for the offence of converting or attempting to convert forcefully from one religious faith to another faith. The Act also requires that every act of conversion be reported to the Deputy Commissioner of the district concerned. The Act specifies that “religious faiths” in this context include “indigenous” faiths. Included in this definition is Buddhism as practised among the Monpas, Membas, Sherdukpens, Khambas, Khamptis and Singphos; nature worship including the worship of Donyi-Polo among communities in the state; and Vaishnavism in practised by Noctes and Akas. Why had it been introduced? Arunachal Pradesh is home to a number of different small ethnic communities with an array of different beliefs and practices. Unlike other hilly North Eastern states, Christianity did not become common among Arunachal tribes till the 1950s. This was not just due to the difficult terrain, but also the colonial policy of isolating the “frontier regions” which included restrictions on the entry of missionaries. These restrictions continued even after Independence with the Inner Line system. Missionary efforts in the foothill areas of Assam led to inroads into what was then the North East Frontier Agency in the 1950s. In the coming decades, census data indicated growth in the number of people identifying as Christians. The number of Christians in the state has grown rapidly over the years, and in the last census of 2011, they were enumerated as 30.26% of the population, making Christianity the largest religion in the state. Why is the Act back now? In 2022, Tambo Tamin, associated with Indigenous Faiths and Cultural Society of Arunachal Pradesh (IFCSAP), filed a PIL in the Gauhati High Court appealing for the court to intervene over the failure of the government to frame rules for the Act.  On September 30 this year, after the Advocate General of Arunachal Pradesh told the court that draft rules had been framed and their finalisation would take another six months, the court closed the petition stating “we expect the concerned authorities to be mindful of their obligations and the draft rules would be finalised within a period of six months from today.” Source: Indian Express Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Which of the following statements about the Net-Zero Banking Alliance (NZBA) is/are correct? NZBA is an initiative under the United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI). Banks that join NZBA commit to aligning their lending and investment portfolios with net-zero emissions by 2050. The alliance includes all major U.S. banks, such as Goldman Sachs, Bank of America, and Citigroup. Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Q2.) Which of the following is/are correct regarding Crimea? Crimea is located on the northern coast of the Black Sea and is surrounded by the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. The region is known for its mud volcanoes and mineral springs, contributing to its spa industry. Crimea became part of Russia in 2014 after the construction of the Crimea Bridge. Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Q3.) Which of the following statements about Guru Gobind Singh is/are correct? He introduced the five ‘K’s, also known as the Five Articles of Faith, followed by Sikhs. Guru Gobind Singh declared the Guru Granth Sahib as the permanent Guru of Sikhs. He founded the Khalsa and established the concept of Panj Piare in 1599. Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  6th January – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – c Q.3) – a

Jan 6, 2025 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 6th January 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) MAHA KUMBH MELA Syllabus: Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: The Maha Kumbh Mela 2025 is scheduled to commence on January 13, 2025, with the Paush Purnima Snan, and will conclude on February 26, 2025. Background: – Maha Kumbh Mela is rooted in Hindu mythology and is considered an opportunity for devotees to absolve sins and attain Moksha, or liberation. In 2017, the Kumbh Mela was declared India’s ‘Intangible Cultural Heritage’ by UNESCO. Key takeaways The Kumbh Mela is celebrated four times in a 12-year span – once every three years, and it is held in four places in rotation, which are Prayagraj, Haridwar, Ujjain and Nashik. Ancient Hindu epics and literature, such as the Mahabharata and Puranas, are where the Kumbh Mela got its start. According to the Amrit Manthan tradition, four drips of amrita, or nectar, dropped on the ground at each of the four Kumbh Mela places. Maha Kumbh and Kumbh  Maha Kumbh Mela and Kumbh Mela are two significant Hindu religious gatherings that attract millions of devotees; however, there are some differences between the two: The Mahakumbh Mela occurs once every 12 years and is considered the most sacred of all Kumbh Melas. Whereas Kumbh Mela is celebrated every 3 years, rotating among four locations: Haridwar, Ujjain, Nashik, and Prayagraj, with each location hosting the Kumbh Mela in a cycle that ensures each site is featured once every 12 years. The Mahakumbh Mela is primarily held at Prayagraj, where the Ganga, Yamuna, and Saraswati rivers converge. Participating in the Mahakumbh Mela is believed to provide immense spiritual benefits, including purification of sins and attainment of salvation. While Kumbh Mela is also significant for spiritual growth and purification, it is viewed as less potent than the Mahakumbh. Lastly, the Mahakumbh Mela attracts an estimated 40 crore devotees, making it one of the largest religious gatherings in the world, while the Kumbh Mela, generally sees lesser participants due to its more frequent occurrence and smaller scale. Source: Indian Express VEDANTA Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – ART & CULTURE Context: Vice-President addressed the inauguration ceremony of the 27th International Congress of Vedanta at JNU. Background: – Vedanta is not a relic of the past, it is relevant for the present as it offers a blueprint for the future, Vice-President said. Key takeaways Vedanta, derived from Sanskrit (Veda + Anta), means “the end or culmination of knowledge.” It represents one of the six orthodox schools of Indian philosophy and focuses on understanding the ultimate nature of reality, human existence, and the self.  Origin: Based on the teachings of the Upanishads, which are philosophical interpretations of the Vedas. The term “Vedanta” initially referred to the concluding sections of the Vedas but evolved to denote the philosophical essence of the Vedic texts. Sacred Texts: Upanishads, Brahma Sutras, Bhagavad Gita. Core Concepts Brahman: Ultimate, unchanging reality that is infinite and eternal. Atman: The individual soul or self, identical to Brahman in Advaita Vedanta. Maya: Illusory power that creates the perception of duality and the material world. Moksha: Liberation from the cycle of birth and death (samsara), achieved through self-realization and union with Brahman. Philosophical Schools of Vedanta – Vedanta has evolved into multiple sub-schools, each with its interpretation of the Upanishads: Advaita Vedanta (Non-dualism): Associated with : Adi Shankaracharya. Core Idea: Brahman (ultimate reality) is the only truth; the world is an illusion (Maya). Vishishtadvaita (Qualified Non-dualism): Associated with : Ramanujacharya. Core Idea: Brahman is the supreme reality but manifests with qualities (Saguna Brahman). Dvaita (Dualism): Associated with: Madhvacharya. Core Idea: Distinction between God (Brahman) and individual souls (Jiva) is real. It also states that the physical universe is real and not an illusion. Other Schools: Shuddhadvaita (Pure Non-dualism) by Vallabhacharya. Achintya Bheda Abheda (Inconceivable Oneness and Difference) by Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. Source: PIB METHYLCOBALAMIN Syllabus: Prelims – SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India has provided clarity on use of methylcobalamin, a form of Vitamin B12, in health supplements, medical purposes and nutraceutical products. Background: Most of the Indian population is deficient of methylcobalamin due to a number of factors and most important among them is the higher vegetarian population. Key takeaways Methylcobalamin is a form of vitamin B12, which is essential for various bodily functions. Because of the distinctive methyl group (-CH3) bonded to the cobalt atom, methylcobalamin differs structurally from other forms of vitamin B12, such as cyanocobalamin, adenosylcobalamin, and hydroxocobalamin. Because of this structural change, methylcobalamin has different biochemical characteristics and greater bioavailability, making it the most functional and easily absorbed form of Vitamin B12. Functions Red Blood Cell Production: Essential for the production of red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body. Nervous System: Supports the health of the nervous system and helps in the maintenance of nerve cells. Energy Metabolism: Helps in the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates for energy. DNA Synthesis: Plays a role in DNA synthesis and repair Sources: Found in animal-based foods such as fish, meat, eggs, and dairy. Not present in significant quantities in plant-based foods, making vegetarians and vegans more susceptible to deficiency. Source: Hindu Businessline EUROPA AND NASA’S MISSIONS Syllabus: Prelims – SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: The icy crust on Jupiter’s moon Europa is much thicker than scientists had thought, which could quash the hope of finding the ingredients for life in the oceans beneath its surface. Background: – Using measurements collected by NASA’s Juno spacecraft, researchers estimated the ice is around 35 km thick, which could suggest the ocean doesn’t have the heat or chemical reactions needed to spark life. The crust could thwart the efforts of NASA’s Europa Clipper to investigate the moon for the ingredients for life. Key takeaways Europa is one of Jupiter’s largest moons and is particularly fascinating due to its potential to harbor extraterrestrial life. Europa was discovered by Galileo Galilei and Simon Marius on January 8, 1610. Europa has an equatorial diameter of about 1,940 miles (3,100 kilometers), making it roughly 90% the size of Earth’s Moon. NASA has undertaken two significant missions to explore Jupiter and its moons: the Juno mission and the Europa Clipper mission. Juno Mission Launched in 2011, NASA’s Juno spacecraft embarked on a journey to study Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system. It entered Jupiter’s orbit in 2016, and has been collecting valuable data since then. Objectives: Investigate Jupiter’s origins and evolution. Measure the planet’s composition, gravity field, magnetic field, and polar magnetosphere. Explore the deep atmosphere to assess water and ammonia content. Study the planet’s auroras to gain insights into its magnetosphere. Europa Clipper Mission The Europa Clipper mission is designed to conduct detailed reconnaissance of Jupiter’s moon Europa, assessing its potential to support life. The spacecraft was launched on October 14, 2024. The spacecraft will travel 1.8 billion miles (2.9 billion km) to reach Jupiter in April 2030. It will orbit Jupiter, and conduct close flybys of Europa. Objectives: Determine the thickness of Europa’s icy shell and the depth and salinity of its subsurface ocean. Analyze the moon’s surface composition and geology. Investigate the potential for current geological activity, including plumes that may be venting subsurface water into space. Assess the habitability of Europa’s environment. Mission Profile: The spacecraft will perform approximately 49 close flybys of Europa, collecting high-resolution images and scientific data. Instruments on board include ice-penetrating radar, spectrometers, and magnetometers to study the moon’s ice shell and subsurface ocean. Source: The Hindu THE IMPLICATIONS OF CHINA’S MEGA-DAM PROJECT Syllabus: Mains – GS 2 Context: China’s plan to build a mega-hydropower dam on the Brahmaputra in the Great Bend region of Medog County, Tibet, gained momentum with its official approval on December 25, 2024. Background: – The outstanding land boundary dispute between China and India is weaved into the intense securitisation of the Brahmaputra river basin, which makes it an active site for strategic posturing by both countries. Key takeaways  The Brahmaputra is a transboundary Himalayan river basin spanning four riparian countries. China is the uppermost riparian nation with the river system originating in the Tibetan Autonomous Region  (TAR), where it is known as the Yarlung Zangbo (or Tsangpo). Dam-building race in the Brahmaputra basin? China has announced the biggest hydropower project at the Great Bend while India has announced its largest dam project, at Upper Siang. Mega-dams on rivers systems are seen as important sovereignty markers; symbols of nation-state control over natural features.  Upstream hydropower dams are viewed as ‘water bombs’ by lower riparian nations, as in the case of the Medog dam project. None of the riparian countries of the Brahmaputra river basin have signed the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-navigational Uses of International Watercourses of 2014, and hence first user-rights on river systems are non-enforceable.  China and India have an Expert Level Mechanism (ELM) since 2006, to discuss outstanding issues and share hydrological data, but do not have a comprehensive bilateral treaty to govern shared transboundary rivers.  Impacts of mega project on people and ecology The communities living along the river have adapted as the river has shaped and shifted over centuries. However, with interventions such as mega dams, communities cannot use their traditional knowledge about the river system meaningfully, as the pace and occurrence of disasters have magnified.  The perennial flow of the Brahmaputra in downstream areas depends on the flow of the Yarlung Zangbo. The blocking of that perennial flow, will have consequences on surface water levels and groundwater systems of the river basin. This affects agro-pastoral communities, biodiversity, living biota in rivers and wetland systems. Tibet’s river systems are important to the Earth’s cryosphere and major climate systems directing climate and precipitation pathways such as the monsoon.  The Brahmaputra river basin will turn into an active risk-scape if all these planned dams are built eventually. One of the greatest earthquakes of modern times, the 1950 Medog Earthquake, or the Assam-Tibet Earthquake, which transformed the riparian landscape, had its epicenter at Medog in Tibet. The earthquake had disastrous effects downstream in Assam and Bangladesh, with the landscape until now trapped in an unending cycle of annual catastrophic floods. Way Forward A bioregional/ecoregional framework to protect the Himalayas could help desecuritise the Brahmaputra basin. Collaborative agreements between riparian countries are essential to ensure sustainable development and mitigate risks. Source: The Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Which of the following statements are correct regarding Europa and NASA’s missions? Europa, a moon of Jupiter, is believed to have an icy crust that is thinner than initially expected, suggesting a potentially habitable environment beneath it. NASA’s Juno mission is designed to study Jupiter’s atmosphere, while the Europa Clipper mission focuses on exploring Jupiter’s moon Europa. The Europa Clipper mission will conduct 49 flybys of Europa to assess its subsurface ocean and potential for life. Select the correct answer using the codes below: a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Q2.) Consider the following statements regarding Methylcobalamin: Methylcobalamin is a form of Vitamin B12 that is highly bioavailable and easily absorbed by the body. It is found primarily in plant-based foods such as vegetables and fruits. Methylcobalamin supports functions like red blood cell production and energy metabolism. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Q3.) Consider the following statements about Vedanta: Vedanta is one of the six orthodox schools of Indian philosophy, focusing on understanding the ultimate nature of reality and human existence. Advaita Vedanta (Non-dualism) is  associated with Adi Shankaracharya. The core concept of Maya in Vedanta refers to the individual soul or self. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  4th January – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – b Q.3) – c

Jan 6, 2025 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2025 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 6th January 2025

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

Jan 4, 2025 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2025 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 4th January 2025

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

Jan 4, 2025 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 4th January 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) ANNUAL GROUNDWATER QUALITY REPORT 2024 Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: The Annual Groundwater Quality Report 2024 by Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) has pointed out concerns regarding ground water in various parts of the country arising from nitrates, arsenic, fluoride and uranium among others. Background: – While it is a good sign that India now has a robust, scientific system of assessment to monitor the health of groundwater blocks annually, efforts are lacking in getting States to act on these findings Key takeaways The number of districts with excessive nitrate in their groundwater has risen from 359 in 2017 to 440 in 2023. This translates to a little more than half of India’s 779 districts having excessive nitrate, or more than 45 mg/L (milligram per litre). There are two major concerns with excess nitrate content: first, methemoglobinemia, or a reduced ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen. This sometimes causes ‘Blue Baby Syndrome,’ in infants.  The bigger problem is environmental: once nitrates in groundwater rise to the surface and become part of lakes and ponds, algal blooms throttle the health of aquatic ecosystems. High nitrate levels in groundwater can be a result of excessive irrigation which can push nitrates from fertilizers deep into the soil, the report said.  Poor management of animal waste in livestock farming adds to the problem, as it releases nitrates into the soil. Urbanisation and population growth increase wastewater and sewage, which often contain high nitrate levels, while leaking septic systems and poor sewage disposal worsen contamination. Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat have a perennial nitrate problem, primarily from geological factors, with relative levels fairly constant since 2017, the report says. The report further said fluoride concentrations exceeding the permissible limit are a major concern in Rajasthan, Haryana, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana. Elevated arsenic levels (more than 10 parts per billion) were found in several states, particularly in the floodplains of the Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers. Long-term exposure to fluoride and arsenic contaminants can have severe health consequences, including fluorosis (from fluoride) and cancer or skin lesions (from arsenic). Another major concern is the elevated levels of uranium in several regions. Forty-two per cent of samples with uranium concentrations exceeding 100 ppb (parts per billion) came from Rajasthan, and 30 per cent from Punjab, indicating regional hotspots of uranium contamination, the report said. Chronic exposure to uranium can lead to kidney damage. The report said that groundwater samples with uranium concentrations above 30 ppb were clustered in areas identified as over-exploited, critical and semi-critical groundwater stress zones, such as Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. Source: Business Standard CASH TRANSFER SCHEMES Syllabus: Mains – GS 2 & GS 3 Context: Increasing resort to cash transfer schemes by political parties for winning elections is a matter of serious concern. Background: – The success of incumbent parties in Maharashtra and Jharkhand appears to be the result of such cash-transfer schemes directed towards women. There are now more than 10 states that have either implemented or announced such schemes. Key takeaways The temptation to use cash transfers as the one-size-fits-all solution for political parties is many.  With universal access to financial services, these are easy-to-implement, tangible benefits for voters, directly delivered to beneficiaries.  The success of the scheme is also due to the preference of beneficiaries for such cash transfers as they are fungible and unconditional. Most importantly, they bypass middlemen. While cash transfers may be politically successful, there is no evidence of whether they actually deliver on the purpose for which they are designed.  A study on 20 cash transfer schemes in Latin America found inconclusive evidence regarding their impact on women’s empowerment. Similarly, cash transfers to farmers show limited evidence of success, with real incomes declining since 2018-19, leading to growing farmer unrest.  While it may be premature to assess impacts in the short run, the core issue lies in the assumption that cash transfers alone can solve complex problems, oversimplifying deeper systemic challenges. Most reforms require policy interventions, which are unlikely to result in any tangible gain in the short run, and require consensus-building and carefully-designed interventions with active participation and investment from the government machinery. For governments, the effort is not worth the benefits that cash transfers deliver in the short run. This is not to suggest that all cash transfers are undesirable. Programs like the National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) have proven effective as social protection nets, while maternity entitlements and scholarships have contributed to improved human development outcomes. However, these schemes cannot replace state investments in services such as health and education. Instead, they function as complementary incentives, encouraging households/communities to utilize these services. One consequence of cash transfers has been the excessive fiscal strain on government finances at the cost of essential spending on health, education, nutrition or basic infrastructure.  While new cash transfers have been announced, spending on existing basic social protection such as the NSAP, MGNREGA or the maternity-entitlement scheme remains frozen with decline in real terms.  What is needed is a nuanced understanding of the role of cash transfers in supplementing and expanding the social safety nets rather than a quick-fix solution guaranteed to deliver political dividends. Source: Indian Express RIGHT TO PROPERTY Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – POLITY Context: The right to property is a human right and a constitutional right and no person can be deprived of his or her property without being paid adequate compensation, the Supreme Court ruled recently while also holding that in exceptional circumstances of inordinate delay in disbursement of compensation, the date of fixing the valuation can be shifted to a more recent one. Background: Supreme Court in the judgment directed that compensation to people who lost their land for the over 20,000-acre Bengaluru-Mysore Infrastructure Corridor (BMIC) project over two decades ago, must be paid according to the market value prevailing in 2019. Key takeaways from the judgement Right to Property ceased to be a Fundamental Right by the Constitution (Forty-Fourth Amendment) Act, 1978, however, it continues to be a human right in a welfare State, and a constitutional right under Article 300-A of the Constitution, SC ruled. Article 300-A of the Constitution provides that no person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law. The State cannot dispossess a citizen of his property except in accordance with the procedure established by law, SC said. The case details The petitioners, who purchased residential plots in Karnataka’s Gottigere village between 1995 and 1997, had their lands acquired in 2003 under the Karnataka Industrial Areas Development Act, 1966, for BMIC project. Despite taking possession of the land, state authorities did not finalise compensation for over two decades, forcing the landowners to repeatedly approach courts.  Referring to the principle of eminent domain, the court observed that the State’s power to acquire land against the owner’s wishes comes with an obligation to ensure prompt and fair compensation. Recognising this injustice, the Supreme Court invoked its powers under Article 142 of the Constitution to shift the valuation date of the land to 2019. Source: Hindustan Times SAVITRIBAI PHULE Syllabus: Prelims – HISTORY Context: On Savitribai Phule’s 194th birth anniversary on Friday (January 3), Prime Minister Narendra Modi on X paid tribute to India’s first woman teacher. Background: – A Dalit woman from the Mali community, Savitribai was born on January 3, 1831, in Maharashtra’s Naigaon village. Married off at the age of 10, her husband Jyotirao Phule is said to have educated her. Throughout their life, the couple supported each other and in doing so, broke many social barriers. Key takeaways At a time when it was considered unacceptable for women to even attain education, the Savitribai and Jyotirao went on to open a school for girls in Bhidewada, Pune, in 1848. This became the country’s first girls’ school. The couple opened more such schools for girls, Shudras and Ati-Shudras in Pune, leading to discontent among  nationalists like Bal Gangadhar Tilak. Couple started the Balhatya Pratibandhak Griha (‘Home for the Prevention of Infanticide’) for pregnant widows facing discrimination. This was inspired by a turn of events wherein a Brahmin widow was sentenced to life imprisonment. The man who had raped the widow refused to take up any responsibility for the child, driving the widow to infanticide. Savitribai Phule also advocated inter-caste marriages, widow remarriage, and eradication of child marriage, sati and dowry systems, among other social issues. In 1873, the Phules set up the Satyashodhak Samaj, a platform open to all, irrespective of their caste, religion or class hierarchies, with the sole aim of bringing social equity. As an extension, they started ‘Satyashodhak Marriage’ – a rejection of Brahmanical rituals where the marrying couple takes a pledge to promote education and equality. At her husband’s funeral procession on November 28, 1890, Savitribai again defied convention and carried the titve (earthen pot). Walking ahead of the procession, Savitribai was the one who consigned his body to the flames. Savitribai Phule published her first collection of poems, called Kavya Phule (‘Poetry’s Blossoms’), at the age of 23 in 1854. She published Bavan Kashi Subodh Ratnakar (‘The Ocean of Pure Gems’), in 1892. Setting an extraordinary example of living a life of compassion, service and courage, Savitribai became involved in relief work during the 1896 famine in Maharashtra and the 1897 Bubonic plague. She herself contracted the disease while taking a sick child to the hospital, and breathed her last on March 10, 1897. Source: Indian Express NORTH SEA Syllabus: Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: U.S. President-elect Donald Trump called to “open up” the North Sea and get rid of windmills in a post on his social media platform Truth Social. Background: – Oil companies have been steadily exiting the North Sea in recent decades with production declining from a peak of 4.4 million barrels of oil equivalent per day (boe/d) at the start of the millennium to around 1.3 million boe/d today. Key takeaways  The North Sea is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, bordered by several European countries: the UK, Norway, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. Location: Lies between Great Britain to the west and mainland Europe to the east, connecting to the Atlantic Ocean via the English Channel and to the Baltic Sea via the Skagerrak Strait. Economic Importance Fishing: The North Sea has been a vital fishing ground for centuries, providing a significant source of seafood for many countries. Oil and Gas: The discovery of oil and natural gas in the North Sea in the 1960s revolutionized the energy industry. The region remains one of the world’s major offshore oil and gas production areas. Shipping and Trade: The North Sea is a crucial route for maritime trade, connecting major European ports such as Rotterdam, Hamburg, and London. Renewable Energy: Offshore wind farms are increasingly being developed in the North Sea, contributing to the region’s renewable energy goals. Whats happening in North Sea? Trump’s post was in response to a report about U.S. oil and gas producer APA Corp’s unit Apache’s plans to exit North Sea by year-end 2029. The company expects North Sea production to fall by 20% year over year in 2025. Last year, the British government said it would increase a windfall tax on North Sea oil and gas producers to 38% from 35%. The government wants to use the revenue from oil and gas to raise funds for renewable energy projects. North Sea producers have warned that the higher tax rate could lead to a sharp drop in investments and are exiting from the ageing basin ahead of the new tax increases. Source: The Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) With reference to the Right to Property in India, consider the following statements: The Right to Property is a Fundamental Right under Article 19 of the Indian Constitution. Article 300-A of the Indian Constitution provides that no person shall be deprived of their property except by the authority of law. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Q2.) With reference to the North Sea, consider the following statements: It is bordered by the UK, Norway, and Iceland. It is a major region for offshore oil production in Europe. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Q3.) With reference to Savitribai Phule, consider the following statements: Savitribai Phule was involved in setting up India’s first school for girls in Pune. She and her husband Jyotirao Phule established the Satyashodhak Samaj to promote widow remarriage and inter-caste marriage. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  3rd January – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – b Q.3) – b

Jan 3, 2025 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 3rd January 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) SREE NARAYANA GURU Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – ART & CULTURE Context: Kerala Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan used the inaugural event of the 92nd Sivagiri pilgrimage to slam what he saw as attempts to appropriate social reformer Sree Narayana Guru into the Sanatana Dharma fold. Background: – Sree Narayana Guru (1856–1928) , who founded the Sivagiri Madhom over a century ago, is regarded as one of the foremost social reformers of Kerala. About Sree Narayana Guru Sree Narayana Guru was born in 1856, in an Ezhava (an oppressed caste) family, in the village of Chempazhanthy near Thiruvananthapuram, in the erstwhile state of Travancore. Philosophy of Sree Narayana Guru Oneness of Humanity: Advocated the idea of “One Caste, One Religion, One God for Mankind.” Believed that all humans are equal regardless of caste, religion, or social status. Spiritual Inclusivity: Emphasized the need for inner purity and self-realization over ritualistic practices. Promoted the idea that true spirituality transcends caste and social divisions. Education and Social Reform: Highlighted the importance of education as a tool for empowerment and social progress. Composed spiritual poems and hymns, including works like “Atmopadesa Shatakam” and “Daiva Dasakam”, to spread his teachings in a language accessible to all. Major Events Associated with Sree Narayana Guru Consecration of Aruvippuram Shiva Temple (1888): A revolutionary act challenging the Brahmanical monopoly over temple rituals. Establishment of SNDP Yogam (1903): Provided a platform for community organization and collective action against caste oppression. Sivagiri Ashram (1904) : He founded the Sivagiri Ashram, which became a center for spiritual and educational activities. Advaita Ashram at Aluva (1913): Founded to propagate Advaita philosophy and social reform. Vaikom Satyagraha (1924–1925): Guru’s support for the movement seeking temple entry for lower-caste communities was instrumental in its success. Consecration of a Mirror in Kalavancode Temple (1927): Symbolized the idea that divinity resides within oneself, rather than external idols. Source: Hindu FRONT-RUNNING Syllabus: Prelims – ECONOMY Context: The Securities & Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has unearthed a front-running scam in the securities market and debarred 22 entities, including stock brokers, for alleged involvement and impounded ₹66 crore as ‘wrongful gains.’ Background: – SEBI’s Prohibition of Fraudulent and Unfair Trade Practices Regulations (PFUTP) explicitly bans front-running. Key takeaways Front-running refers to the unethical or illegal practice where a broker, trader, or individual with insider access executes trades based on advance knowledge of pending large orders from clients or institutions that could influence market prices.  The objective is to profit from anticipated price movements before the larger trade impacts the market. How Front-Running Works Step 1: Advance Information (non-public information) : A broker or trader becomes aware of a large buy or sell order from a client or institutional investor. Step 2: Personal Trade Execution: Before executing the client’s order, the broker/trader places their own trade to benefit from the expected price movement. The large order impacts the market, and the broker/trader profits by selling or buying at a favorable price. Source: The Hindu WHOLESALE PRICE INDEX (WPI) AND PRODUCER PRICE INDEX (PPI) Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – ECONOMY Context: The Centre announced the formation of an expert panel to revise the constituents of the country’s Wholesale Price Index (WPI) in light of the structural changes in the economy that have occurred between 2011-12, the current base year for the critical price gauge, and 2022-23 that would be the new base year. Background: The panel would also examine the composition of, and the methodology for compilation of a new Producers’ Price Index or PPI  and, more importantly, recommend a roadmap for India to switch over from using WPI to the PPI. The group has been asked to submit its final report to the Office of the Economic Adviser in the Commerce and Industry Ministry within 18 months, effectively giving it a June 30, 2026 deadline. Reasons for the setbacks in summits Wholesale Price Index (WPI) is a measure of the average change in the prices of goods at the wholesale level, before they reach the retail market. It is one of the key indicators to track inflation in the economy. Components of WPI in India Categories of Goods: Primary Articles (22.6% weight): Includes food articles, non-food articles, and minerals. Fuel and Power (13.2% weight): Includes items like coal, electricity, and mineral oils. Manufactured Products (64.2% weight): Includes various industrial goods such as textiles, chemicals, and machinery. Base Year: The current base year for WPI in India is 2011–12. Frequency of Data: WPI data is released monthly by the Office of the Economic Adviser, Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Limitations of WPI Excludes Services: WPI does not account for the price changes in the service sector, which constitutes a significant part of India’s GDP. Retail Prices Missing: It measures prices at the wholesale level, not reflecting the actual burden on end consumers. Outdated Composition: The current WPI composition and weights do not fully represent India’s modern economic structure. Volatility in Primary Articles: Prices of primary articles, especially food, are subject to high seasonal volatility, skewing the index. Producer Price Index (PPI): An Alternative Producer Price Index (PPI) is a more comprehensive measure of inflation that tracks the average change in the selling prices received by domestic producers for their goods and services. Advantages of PPI Over WPI Covers Services: Unlike WPI, PPI includes the service sector, offering a holistic view of inflation. Reflects Supply-Side Dynamics: Tracks price changes throughout the production process, from raw materials to finished goods. International Best Practices: Most advanced economies like the US, UK, and the EU use PPI as a standard measure of inflation. Better Policy Insights: Provides insights into the supply chain, helping policymakers address inflationary pressures at their source. Source: The Hindu DI-AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE (DAP) Syllabus: Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: The Union Cabinet extended the one-time special subsidy on fertilizer Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) at a rate of ₹3,500 per metric tonne till from January 1, 2025 till further orders.   Background: – The extension is aimed at maintaining price stability and addressing the challenges posed by global market fluctuations and geopolitical tensions. Key takeaways Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) is a widely utilized fertilizer in India, second only to urea in popularity. It provides essential nutrients— nitrogen (N) and phosphorus—crucial for plant growth. It’s highly soluble and thus dissolves quickly in soil to release plant-available phosphate and ammonium. In the financial year 2023, India produced approximately 4.3 million metric tons of DAP. Despite domestic production, India also imports DAP to meet the high demand from the agricultural sector. DAP has additional uses, including: As a fire retardant. For example, a mixture of DAP and other ingredients can be spread in advance of a fire to prevent a forest from burning. It then becomes a nutrient source after the danger of fire has passed. In various industrial processes, such as metal finishing An addition to wine to sustain yeast fermentation Source: PIB SPORTS AWARDS Syllabus: Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: Double Olympic medallist Manu Bhaker has been chosen for the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna award along with World chess champion D. Gukesh, men’s hockey captain Harmanpreet Singh and Paralympic gold medallist Praveen Kumar. The government has listed 32 athletes for the Arjuna Award, with 16 of them being Paralympians. Background: – Manu’s initial exclusion from the award list, attributed to the lack of self-application under the government’s revised process, sparked controversy. With the Union Sports Minister having the final say, it was not a surprise to find Manu’s name being added to the list. This mirrors a past precedent where Saina Nehwal was granted the Khel Ratna without any application. Key takeaways  Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna was instituted in the year 1991–1992. It was formerly known as the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award and is the highest sporting honour of India.  The first recipient of the award was chess Grandmaster Viswanathan Anand, who was honoured for the performance in the year 1991–1992. In 2001, sport shooter Abhinav Bindra, then aged 18, became the youngest recipient of the award. The award is given for the spectacular and most outstanding performance in the field of sports by a sportsperson over the period of the previous four years. The award comprises “a medallion, a certificate, and a cash prize of ₹25 lakh. Arjuna Award ‘Arjuna Award for outstanding performance in Sports and Games’ is given for good performance over a period of the previous four years and for showing qualities of leadership, sportsmanship and a sense of discipline. The Award consist of a statuette, a certificate, ceremonial dress, and a cash Award of Rs. 5.00 lakh Arjuna Award (Lifetime) is given to honour and motivate those sportspersons who have contributed to sports by their performance and continue to contribute to promotion of sports even after their retirement from active sporting career. Dronacharya Award ‘Dronacharya Award for outstanding coaches in Sports and Games’ is given to coaches for doing outstanding and meritorious work on a consistent basis and for enabling sportspersons to excel in International events. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (MAKA) Trophy The overall top performing university in Khelo India University Games is given the Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (MAKA) Trophy. Source: The Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) With reference to the Wholesale Price Index (WPI) and Producer Price Index (PPI) in India, consider the following statements: WPI includes the prices of both goods and services, while PPI focuses only on goods. The current base year for WPI in India is 2011–12. PPI provides better insights into supply-side inflation compared to WPI. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Q2.) Consider the following statements regarding Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP): DAP is the most widely used fertilizer in India, surpassing urea. It provides both nitrogen and phosphorus, which are essential for plant growth. India meets its entire demand for DAP through domestic production. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Q3.) With reference to the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award, consider the following statements: It is awarded annually for the most outstanding performance in the field of sports over the previous four years. The award comprises a medallion, a certificate, and a cash prize of ₹1 lakh. It is awarded to only one person in a year. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  2nd January – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – c Q.2) – a Q.3) – c

Jan 3, 2025 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2025 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 3rd January 2025

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

Jan 2, 2025 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 2nd January 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) UDISE DATA REVEALS SHIFT IN EDUCATION TRENDS Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: For the first time in many years, enrolment of students in schools, as per a UDISE+ report, has declined by over a crore in 2022-23 and 2023-24 compared to an average of about 26 crore every year over the previous four years. Background: – For the first time, enrolment figures fell to 25.17 crore in 2022-23 and further declined to 24.8 crore in 2023-24. This represents a drop of about 1.55 crore students (nearly 6 per cent) from the 2018-19 to 2021-22 period, when enrolment averaged 26.36 crore. About UDISE + The Unified District Information System for Education (UDISE) Plus is a data aggregation platform maintained by the education ministry to collate school education data from across the country. UDISE+ has a mandate of collecting information from all recognized schools imparting formal education from Pre-primary to XII. The Schools which get onboarded successfully on the platform are provided a UDISE Code, which acts as a national level unique identifier. UDISE+ has the school as the unit of data collection and district as the unit of data distribution. UDISE+, collects information through an online Data Collection Form (DCF) on parameters ranging from school, Infrastructure, teachers, enrolments, examination results etc. spread across 11 sections. UDISE serves as a crucial tool for monitoring and evaluating the quality of education. Drop in numbers Ministry officials acknowledged the drop in enrolment but said it stemmed from revised data collection methods implemented in 2022-23.  Under the new system, schools must now provide student-specific information rather than just school-level numbers. This requires detailed records for each student, including their name, parent’s name, address, and Aadhaar number, instead of simply reporting total class numbers. Source: Indian Express INDIAN COFFEE EXPORTS CROSS $1 BILLION FIRST TIME Syllabus: Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: Traditionally a tea exporter, India is making significant inroads into the global coffee market with total exports during the current financial year up to November crossing the $1-billion mark for the first time, according to data from Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE). Background: – Notably, India’s exports of tea saw little change despite expectations of gaining new markets following the economic crisis in Sri Lanka, one of the largest tea exporters in the world. Key takeaways India is the only country that grows all of its coffee under shade.  India is the seventh-largest producer of coffee globally. Types of Coffee Grown in India Arabica (Coffea arabica): Grown at higher altitudes (900–1,800 meters). Arabica has a higher market value than Robusta coffee due to its mild aromatic flavour. Requires a cool climate and less rainfall compared to Robusta. Robusta (Coffea canephora): Grown at lower altitudes (500–1,000 meters). Higher yield and more resistant to diseases. Preferred for instant coffee production due to its strong flavor. Major Coffee-Producing States Karnataka: Largest producer, accounting for about 70% of India’s coffee output. Key regions: Kodagu (Kodagu district alone produces 33% of India’s coffee) , Chikmagalur, Hassan. Kerala: Second-largest producer. Key regions: Wayanad, Idukki, and Palakkad. Tamil Nadu: Known for its coffee estates in the Nilgiri Hills. Important regions: Pulneys, Nilgiris, and Shevaroys. Non-traditional Areas: Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and the northeastern states (especially Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland) are emerging coffee-growing regions. Climatic Requirements for Coffee Temperature: 15°C–28°C. Rainfall: 1,500–2,500 mm annually, well-distributed. Soil: Well-drained, rich in organic matter. Reasons for hike in export value The sharp growth is partly attributed to a surge in Robusta coffee prices and partly due to stocking ahead of the European Union’s new deforestation regulation that could raise the cost of coffee as well as several other agricultural exports to the EU. The European Union’s Deforestation Regulation (EUDR), aimed at preventing products sold in the EU from being sourced from deforested land, was scheduled for implementation in December. However, the European Parliament recently decided to extend the regulation’s timeline by another year. According to the think tank Global Trade Research Initiative (GTRI), the EUDR is expected to impact India’s agricultural exports to the EU, valued at $1.3 billion, more severely than exports from competing countries due to India’s higher deforestation rate. Source: Indian Express FOUR UN ENVIRONMENTAL SUMMITS FELL SHORT IN 2024 Syllabus: Mains – GS 3 Context: The United Nations’ efforts to address critical environmental challenges hit roadblocks, with four key summits in 2024 — in Colombia on biodiversity, Azerbaijan on climate, Saudi Arabia on land degradation, and South Korea on plastics — failing to deliver meaningful outcomes. Background: This setback may lead to delayed action on critical issues such as climate finance, drought mitigation, and plastic pollution, with the most vulnerable countries suffering the greatest impact. Reasons for the setbacks in summits At the heart of the talks’ breakdown lies a stark and growing divergence in national priorities.  Developing nations, grappling with developmental challenges, economic constraints, and the impacts of climate change, have repeatedly demanded more technology transfer and financial support from developed countries. But developed nations are reluctant to commit resources citing domestic political pressures and economic challenges. For Example  Colombia Biodiversity Talks: Failure to agree on financing mechanisms for sustainable land-use practices. Azerbaijan Climate Summit: Developing nations sought $1.3 trillion annually; developed nations loosely agreed to lesser funds from diverse sources, including private investments. Disagreement over transitioning from fossil fuels hindered progress. South Korea Plastic Pollution Talks: Lack of consensus on a legally binding treaty. Economies dependent on plastics opposed strict measures, advocating for better usage and recycling practices instead. Several talks stumbled on disagreements over the frameworks needed to monitor and enforce environmental goals.  In Azerbaijan, discussions on implementing the global stocktake under the Paris Agreement saw divisions over the accountability mechanisms for emission reductions, particularly for high-emission nations. Global crises including the COVID, economic instability, and geopolitical conflicts have diverted attention and resources away from pressing environmental priorities as governments grapple with urgent domestic concerns such as public health, economic recovery, and social stability. The setbacks in negotiations complicate the task of addressing environmental challenges:  Delayed action: The failure to agree on frameworks and commit to actions postpone measures required to fight global issues. This delay increases the likelihood of pushing global systems closer to irreversible tipping points. Incoherent, fragmented efforts: As multilateral processes falter, there is a growing risk of countries turning to unilateral actions. While these initiatives are well-meaning and can make progress, they would lack the global coherence necessary to address issues comprehensively and equitably, and could trigger new problems. Erosion of trust: Repeated failures in negotiations risk undermining confidence among nations, making future cooperation even more difficult. Pressure on future summits: The failure of negotiations further forces upcoming meetings to deliver meaningful outcomes. To advance global environmental goals, several key strategies must be prioritised:  Wealthier nations must honour commitments to provide financial and technological support. This would create an equitable foundation for negotiations and help bridge trust gaps.  Equally critical is the need to enhance transparency and accountability by establishing robust mechanisms to track progress and hold nations accountable for their commitments. This would play a vital role in restoring confidence in processes.  Inclusive diplomacy is also essential to tensions and ensure all voices, particularly those of vulnerable nations, are heard in negotiations. By promoting equitable participation, global cooperation can become more effective and resilient. Further, there must be a strong focus on implementation — shifting the emphasis from pledges to action. This approach ensures progress even in the face of disagreements. Finally, it is crucial to acknowledge and address interconnections between biodiversity loss, land degradation, plastic pollution, and climate change. Global talks must prioritise the interconnections and foster integrated strategies. Source: The Hindu UNIQUE IDENTIFICATION AUTHORITY OF INDIA (UIDAI) Syllabus: Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: Bhuvnesh Kumar took charge as the Chief Executive Officer of the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) Background: – These telescopes are much like the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, which can detect high-energy neutrinos from deep space but is under the frozen ice in the Antarctic rather than being in the water. Key takeaways The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) is a statutory authority established under the provisions of the Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and Other Subsidies, Benefits and Services) Act, 2016 on 12 July 2016 by the Government of India, under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY).  Its primary role is to issue Aadhaar numbers, a unique 12-digit identification number, to all residents of India. UIDAI is responsible for Aadhaar enrolment, authentication, and managing the entire Aadhaar lifecycle. Historical Background Initial Approval: The project for Unique Identification for Below Poverty Line (BPL) families was approved on March 3, 2006. First UID Number: The first UID number was issued on September 29, 2010, to a resident of Nandurbar, Maharashtra. Before its establishment as a statutory authority, UIDAI was functioning as an attached office of the then Planning Commission (now NITI Aayog). Services Provided Aadhaar Enrolment: Enrolling residents for Aadhaar numbers. Aadhaar Authentication: Verifying the identity of Aadhaar holders for various services. Aadhaar Update: Updating demographic and biometric information. Aadhaar PVC Card: Issuing Aadhaar cards in the form of PVC cards. Virtual ID (VID) Generator: Providing a temporary, revocable number for privacy. Source: The Hindu H-1B VISA Syllabus: Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: Weeks before he returns as US President, Donald Trump’s supporters are locked in a public row about skilled immigration and H-1B visas. Background: – The infighting was triggered by the appointment of Sriram Krishnan as Trump’s AI adviser, after which an earlier post by Krishnan on X, which had called for “unlock[ing] skilled immigration”, went viral — inviting the ire of Trump’s anti-immigration base. The outrage of the MAGA crowd — the vocal supporters of Trump’s “Make America Great Again” slogan — was directed towards the H-1B visa. Key takeaways  The H-1B visa program allows American employers to hire immigrant workers in occupations that require “a high level of skill” and “at least a bachelor’s degree”, according to the US Department of Labour. The visa is employer-sponsored, meaning a U.S. employer must file the petition on behalf of the foreign worker The program was started in 1990, with the intention of helping employers who cannot otherwise obtain needed skills and abilities from the US workforce by authorising the temporary employment of qualified individuals who are not otherwise authorised to work in the U S. An H-1B visa can be issued for a maximum of six years at a stretch, after which the visa holder has to either leave the US for a period of at least 12 months before returning, or apply for and receive permanent residence (Green Card). People born in India are the largest beneficiaries of the H-1B program.  Data from the US government show that Indians account for more than 70% of all H-1B petitions approved each year since 2015. People born in China come a distant second, hovering at the 12-13% mark since 2018. Source: Indian Express Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) With reference to the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), consider the following statements: UIDAI was established as a statutory authority under the Aadhaar Act, 2016. It functions under the Ministry of Home Affairs. UIDAI is responsible for the issuance and lifecycle management of Aadhaar numbers. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Q2.) India is the seventh-largest producer of coffee globally. Consider the following statements about coffee cultivation in India: Arabica coffee is grown at higher altitudes and is known for its superior flavor. Karnataka is the largest coffee-producing state in India. Coffee cultivation in India requires temperatures ranging from 5°C to 15°C. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Q3.) With reference to the H-1B visa program, consider the following statements: It allows U.S. employers to hire immigrant workers in specialized fields. H-1B visas are issued for a maximum period of six years without the possibility of extension. People born in India account for the majority of H-1B visa approvals annually. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  1st January – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – b Q.3) – c

Jan 1, 2025 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 31st December 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) ALL INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – HISTORY Context: On December 30 in 1906, the All India Muslim League, best known for securing India’s partition into two nations, was founded.  Background: – After Partition, the Muslim League was disbanded in India. In Pakistan and later in Bangladesh too, the League broke into factions and did not survive long.  Key takeaways The AIML was founded on December 30, 1906, at the All-India Muhammadan Educational Conference in Dhaka, under the leadership of Nawab Salimullah Khan, Sir Aga Khan, and others. Headquarters: Initially in Dhaka, later shifted to Lucknow. At the time of its founding, the League was a collective of elite Muslim men, and remained so for almost three decades. Muhammad Ali Jinnah, eventually its tallest leader, was then in the Congress.  Key moments Separate Electorates (1909): The league successfully lobbied for separate electorates for Muslims, introduced in the Indian Councils Act of 1909 (Morley-Minto Reforms). The Lucknow Pact, 1916: In December 1916, the Congress under Bal Gangadhar Tilak and the Muslim League under Muhammad Ali Jinnah signed the Lucknow Pact. Put briefly, the pact called for more Indian, elected representation in bodies like the provincial and central legislatures and the central executive council, and the Congress agreeing to separate electorates. Shift Towards Separatism (1930s): The league gradually moved toward the idea of a separate nation for Muslims under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Jinnah. The Lahore Resolution, 1940: From the Lucknow pact to the Lahore Resolution, both the League and Jinnah had transformed entirely, insisting on nothing but Partition. Thus, the Lahore Resolution, adopted by the All-India Muslim League during its general session in Lahore from March 22 to March 24, 1940, formally called for an independent state for Muslims. March 23 is observed as Pakistan National Day to commemorate this resolution. Source: Indian Express VIKRAM SARABHAI Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai, the father of India’s space programme, died on December 30, 1971, in Kovalam, Kerala, at the age of 52. Background: – Late President APJ Abdul Kalam once had called the “Mahatma Gandhi of Indian Science”. Key takeaways Born to Ambalal and Sarla Devi, Ahmedabad’s leading textile-mill owners on August 12, 1919. After studying from Gujarat University in Ahmedabad, Sarabhai went to study physics and mathematics at Cambridge University, but was forced to return when World War II broke out. He completed his post-graduation at the Indian Institute of Science in Bengaluru under Dr CV Raman, where he also met Dr Homi Bhabha, and returned later to Cambridge for a PhD in cosmic rays. Key Contributions to Indian Science and Technology: Space Research and ISRO Formation: Visionary Leader: Recognized the importance of space technology for India’s development. Played a significant role in establishing the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad in 1947, focusing on fundamental physics and space sciences. Establishment of ISRO (1969): Played a pivotal role in setting up the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to promote space exploration and satellite-based communication. Instrumental in India’s first satellite, Aryabhata (1975), launched posthumously. Atomic Energy and Research Institutes: Worked with Homi Bhabha to strengthen India’s atomic energy program. Sarabhai succeeded Homi Bhabha as the chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India. Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Ahmedabad: Co-founded IIM Ahmedabad in 1961, establishing it as a premier management institute globally. Satellite Technology and Applications: Conceptualized the Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) to advance communication, education, and meteorology. Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) : Sarabhai started a dialogue with NASA that formed the base for Satellite Instructional Television Experiment. Launched in 1975 from village Pij in Gujarat’s Kheda district, it would beam TV programmes to villages and was the first Indo-US space venture using technology for education. Source: Indian Express KAMARAJAR PORT Syllabus: Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: The cargo-handling capacity at Indian ports has risen from 871.52 million tonnes per annum (MTPA) in 2014-15 to 1629.86 MTPA in 2023-24. Minister for Ports, Shipping and Waterways Sarbananda Sonowal said the capacity increased by 87 per cent in the last nine years, with Tamil Nadu’s Kamarajar Port registering a whopping swell of 154 per cent. Background: India is a maritime nation with a 7,517-km coastline Ninety-five per cent of trade by volume and 70 per cent by value is done through maritime transport. Key takeaways Kamarajar Port Limited (KPL), formerly known as Ennore Port, is located on the Coromandel Coast about 24 km north of Chennai Port in Tamil Nadu, India. History and Establishment Foundation: Kamarajar Port was declared a major port under the Indian Ports Act, 1908, in March 1999 and incorporated as Ennore Port Limited under the Companies Act, 1956, in October 1999. Name Change: It was renamed Kamarajar Port Limited in 2014 to honor the former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, K. Kamarajar. Key Features First Corporatized Port: Kamarajar Port is the first corporatized major port in India. Strategic Location: The port is designed to decongest Chennai Port and improve environmental quality. Capacity: The port has a permissible draught of 13.5 meters and handled a total volume of 11.01 million tonnes in 2010-2011. Cargo Handling: The port handles a variety of cargo, including thermal coal, automobiles, project cargo, LPG, chemicals, and other bulk and liquid products. Source: New Indian Express THORIUM Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: India’s largest power generator NTPC Limited has signed a strategic pact with US-based Clean Core Thorium Energy (CCTE) to explore development and deployment of advanced nuclear energy for enriched life (Aneel). Aneel is a thorium-based fuel for pressurised heavy water reactors (PHWRs), and the deal is subject to approval from both the governments. Background: – The move is aimed at NTPC’s efforts to venture into nuclear energy and use it as a clean, dispatchable, and baseload source of energy. Key takeaways Thorium is a weakly radioactive, silvery metal found naturally in the Earth’s crust. Thorium (chemical symbol Th) is found at trace levels in soil, rocks, water, plants and animals. All known thorium isotopes are unstable. The most stable isotope, 232Th, has a half-life of 14.05 billion years, or about the age of the universe. It is fertile, meaning it can be converted into fissile material (Uranium-233) when bombarded with neutrons. Thorium in Nuclear Energy Role in Nuclear Reactors: Unlike uranium, thorium is not fissile but is fertile. When irradiated in a nuclear reactor, thorium-232 absorbs a neutron and converts into uranium-233, a fissile isotope that can sustain a nuclear chain reaction. Advantages of Thorium-Based Reactors: Abundance: Thorium is three to four times more abundant in the Earth’s crust than uranium. Low Nuclear Waste: Thorium reactors produce less long-lived radioactive waste compared to uranium reactors. Safety: Reactors using thorium have inherent safety features due to their operation at lower pressures and temperatures. Resistance to Proliferation: Thorium fuel cycles are less susceptible to misuse for weapons-grade material. Challenges in Using Thorium: Technology Readiness: The thorium fuel cycle is not as commercially established as uranium-based cycles. Initial Infrastructure: Requires uranium or plutonium to kickstart the reaction. Separation Complexity: Extraction of uranium-233 from thorium is a challenging and costly process. Thorium Availability in India India has one of the largest reserves of thorium in the world, with about 25% of the global reserves. Indian Reserves: Found in monazite sands, primarily in the coastal regions. Key Locations: Kerala: Chavara and Alappuzha Tamil Nadu: Kanyakumari Odisha: Ganjam Andhra Pradesh Source: Business Standard SRISAILAM TEMPLE Syllabus: Prelims – ART & CULTURE Context: The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has made a significant discovery at the Srisailam Temple in Andhra Pradesh, uncovering several copper plates and other ancient inscriptions in the temple’s Ghantamandapam. Background: – The Srisailam temple, also known as the Mallikarjuna Swamy Temple, is one of the most revered and ancient pilgrimage sites in India. Key takeaways Location: Situated in the Nallamala Hills, on the banks of the Krishna River, in Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh. Deity: Dedicated to Lord Mallikarjuna (Shiva) and Goddess Bhramaramba (Parvati). Significance: It is one of the 12 Jyotirlingas of Lord Shiva and one of the 18 Shakti Peethas of Goddess Parvati, making it unique for housing both. The temple is a prominent center for Shaivism and Shaktism. There are inscriptional evidence from the Satavahana dynasty which place the temple to be existent from the 2nd century.  Most modern additions were done during the time of king Harihara I of Vijayanagara Empire (14th and 15th centuries).The veerasheromandapam and paathalaganga steps was constructed during the time of Reddi Kingdom (12th and 13th centuries).  Style: Dravidian style of architecture with intricately carved gopurams and mandapas. Source: Times of India Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Consider the following statements regarding Kamarajar Port: It is the first corporatized major port in India. The port is located in Andhra Pradesh, near Visakhapatnam. Kamarajar Port was formerly known as Ennore Port. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 3 only (b) 1 and 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3   Q2.) With reference to Thorium as a resource, consider the following statements: Thorium is fissile and can directly sustain a nuclear chain reaction. India has the world’s largest reserves of thorium, mainly found in monazite sands. Thorium-based reactors produce less long-lived nuclear waste compared to uranium-based reactors. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3   Q3.) Consider the following statements about Srisailam Temple: It is one of the 12 Jyotirlingas and 18 Shakti Peethas in India. The temple is located on the banks of the Godavari River in Andhra Pradesh. Most modern additions to the temple were made during the Vijayanagara Empire. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  30th  December – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – d Q.2) – d Q.3) – b

Jan 1, 2025 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2025 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 1st January 2025

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here