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Press Information Bureau (PIB) IAS UPSC – 6th April to 12th April – 2020

Press Information Bureau (PIB) IAS UPSC – 6th April to 12th April – 2020 ARCHIVES GS-2 Steps for Fund Utilisation for COVID-19 (Topic: Government measures to utilise funds to fight COVID-19) Cabinet approves Non-operation of Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS) for two years (2020-21 and 2021-22) for managing COVID 19.  COVID-19 Emergency Response and Health System Preparedness Package: GoI has announced significant investments to the tune of Rs.15000 crores for 'India COVID-19 Emergency Response and Health System Preparedness Package'. The funds sanctioned will be utilized for immediate COVID-19 Emergency Response (amount of Rs.7774 crores) and rest for medium-term support (1-4 years) to be provided under mission mode approach. Mounting emergency response to slow and limit COVID-19 in India through the development of diagnostics and COVID-19 dedicated treatment facilities Centralized procurement of essential medical equipment and drugs required for treatment of infected patients Strengthen and build resilient National and State health systems to support prevention and preparedness for future disease outbreaks Setting up of laboratories and bolster surveillance activities, bio-security preparedness, pandemic research Proactively engage communities and conduct risk communication activities Ensuring Food Security (Topic: Government measures to ensure food for all to fight COVID-19) FCI is working tirelessly and has ensured that enough food grain stocks are made available in every part of the country during countrywide lockdown. In last 13 days since 24.03.2020 when the lockdown was announced to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, FCI moved an average of 1.41 Lakh MT food grain per day as against the pre-lockdown daily average of about 0.8 Lakh MT. NGOs permitted to buy food grains directly from FCI for Relief operations As part of maintaining smooth supply of essential items in the country, states have been directed to take urgent steps to ensure availability of essential goods, by invoking provisions of the Essential Commodities (EC) Act 1955. These measures include fixing of stock limits, capping of prices, enhancing production, inspection of accounts of dealers and other such actions. Government of India has directed Food Corporation of India (FCI) to provide food grains @5 Kg per person per month for 3 months at the rates of Rs. 21/Kg for wheat and Rs. 22/Kg for rice uniformly across the country to all beneficiaries not covered under NFSA to whom ration cards have been issued by state governments under their schemes. Elements of Smart Cities playing a ‘smart’ role (Topic: Government measures to fight COVID-19 in the urban setting) Cities are developing predictive analytics using heat maps and taking action in monitoring the movements (using geo-fencing) as well as periodic health status of suspected cases. Telemedicine has emerged as an important technology to ensure citizen safety through efficient communication and is being used by doctors to provide online medical consultation facilities to citizens. Remote delivery of medical services during the lockdown period is allowed.  Disinfection of public spaces Though the virus survives on environmental surfaces for varied period of time, it gets easily inactivated by chemical disinfectants. Indian Cities have been making significant efforts in sanitizing the cities, especially the public spaces which are considered risk prone areas for local spread of virus. City Governments have collaborated with Fire Departments and used fire-tenders, water wash pumps, etc., to sanitize all the streets in the city by spraying disinfectants. Cities are taking up innovative approaches for disinfection of public places using sodium hypochlorite Assistance provided by the Defence Services (Topic: Government measures to fight COVID-19) Police Security to Doctors and Medical Staff fighting COVID-19: In view of reported incidents of harassment of Doctors and Medical Staff, Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has directed all States/UTs and respective Police authorities to provide necessary Police Security to them in hospitals and at places where patients who have been diagnosed COVID-19 positive or where suspected cases are quarantined. Ministry of Defence (MoD) has allowed temporary employment of NCC cadets last week under ‘Exercise NCC Yogdan’. Civil and police administration have started requisitioning for services of senior division National Cadet Corps (NCC) cadets in fight against Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. IAF has earmarked aircraft at nodal points to airlift medical supplies and equipment at short notice to proactively support operations against COVID-19. Ex-Servicemen (ESM) belonging to Army, Navy and Air Force are assisting the civil administration and providing their services voluntarily and selflessly. Provision of Medical Essentials  (Topic: Government measures to ensure medical supplies for all to fight COVID-19) 132 Lifeline UDAN flights operated till date to transport more than 373.23 tons of medical cargo to various part of the country Oxygen supply: There is a critical need to maintain adequate supply of medical oxygen in the country in the wake of COVID-19 Pandemic and as medical oxygen is also included in the national list and WHO's list of essential medicines. Construction of hospitals: Mahanadi Coalfields Limited (MCL) will finance all expenses of the COVID-19 country’s second largest COVID-19 hospital in Bhubaneswar including cost of treatment of patients for which MCL has already released Rs 7.31 Crores as immediate advance. Isolation Units: 2500 Coaches converted as Isolation Coaches by Railways with 40000 isolation beds ready for contingency Swasth ke Sipahi deliverying essential services and medicines at doorstep of patients and elderly under Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP) Proposals for developing antiviral Nano-coating and new nano based material for use in Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - for producing anti-COVID-19 Triple Layer Medical masks and N-95 respirator or better masks in large quantities and PPEs for safeguarding health care workers against COVID-19 Central Government has granted exemption from Basic Customs Duty and Health cess, on the import of the following goods, with immediate effect: Ventilators, Face masks, surgical Masks, Personal protection equipment (PPE) Covid-19 test kits inputs for manufacture of the above items Monitoring COVID-19 data - COVID-19 War Rooms (Topic: Government measures to monitor the situation due to COVID-19) Smart Cities of Pune, Surat, Bengaluru and Tumakuru are using the integrated data dashboards, developed by the data analysts and data experts working with their ICCCs (also functioning as COVID-19 War Rooms in many cities) to provide up-to-date information about the status of corona virus in different administrative zones of their cities – CCTV Surveillance of Public Places GIS Mapping of COVID Positive cases GPS Tracking of Healthcare workers Predictive Analytics (Heat Maps) for virus containment across different zones of the city Virtual Training to Doctors & Healthcare professionals Real-time tracking of Ambulances & Disinfection Services Medical Services through Video Conferencing Tele-Counselling and Tele-Medicine Measures for Students (Topic: Government measures to ensure e-learning for students and their well-being) Digital learning: Nearly five times rise in access to HRD Ministry’s E-Learning platforms Launched SAMADHAN - to test the ability of students to innovate - search and develop such measures that can be made available to the government agencies, health services, hospitals and other services for quick solutions to the Coronavirus epidemic and other such calamities. Mental Health & Well-Being: Set up help lines, Regular mentoring of students through interactions, and appeals/letters by the Universities/Colleges to remain calm and stress free, Form COVID-19 help groups of students, to identify friends/classmates in need of help and provide immediate necessary help MHRD Launches ‘Bharat Padhe Online’ campaign for Crowd sourcing of Ideas for Improving Online Education ecosystem of India Financial Support to Citizens (Topic: Government measures to ensure financial support for all to fight COVID-19) With a view to provide immediate relief to the business entities and individuals, it has been decided to issue all the pending income-tax refunds up to Rs. 5 lakh, immediately. This would benefit around 14 lakh taxpayers. Extension of premium payment period for Postal Life Insurance & Rural Postal Life Insurance till 30th June 2020 Employees Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO), an statutory body under Union Ministry of Labour & Employment has processed about 1.37 lakh claims across the country disbursing an amount of Rs. 279.65 crore under a new provision especially formulated by amending the EPF Scheme to help subscribers fight Covid-19. Integrated Government Online training’ (iGOT) portal on DIKSHA platform of MHRD (Topic: Government measures to ensure appropriate skills for COVID-19 warriers) Launched to train all healthcare and COVID-19 warriors of India to equip them with the training and updates in coping with Pandemic CSR expenditure related to COVID-19 (Topic: Contribution by companies to uplift the society and assist in the fight agaist COVID-19) Whether contribution made to  ‘PM CARES Fund’ shall qualify as CSR expenditure? Yes,  as CSR expenditure under item no (viii) of Schedule VII of the Companies Act, 2013 ‘Chief  Minister’s Relief Funds’ or ‘State Relief Fund for COVID-19’ shall qualify as CSR expenditure? Not included in Schedule VII of the Companies Act, 2013 and therefore NO. State Disaster Management Authority shall qualify as CSR expenditure? Yes Spending of CSR funds for COVID-19 related activities shall qualify as CSR expenditure? Spending CSR funds for COVID-19 related activities shall qualify as CSR expenditure. It is further clarified that funds may be spent for various activities related to COVID-19 under items nos. (i) and (xii) of Schedule VII relating to promotion of health care including preventive health care and sanitation, and disaster management. Self-care Measures by Ministry of AYUSH (Topic: Health; Government measures to ensure well-being for all) Covid -19 Crisis GS-3 Highway Development (Topic: Infrastructure: Roads) NHAI achieves highest ever construction of National Highways in FY 2019-20 since its inception in 1995, under Bharatmala Pariyojana – 3,979 kms Bharatmala Pariyojana: Focuses on optimizing efficiency of freight and passenger movement across the country by bridging critical infrastructure gaps through effective interventions like development of Economic Corridors, Inter Corridors and Feeder Routes, National Corridor Efficiency Improvement, Border and International connectivity roads, Coastal and Port connectivity roads and Green-field expressways.  Objective: Development of about 65,000 km national highways Improvement in efficiency of existing corridors through development of Multimodal Logistics Parks and elimination of choke point Enhance focus on improving connectivity in North East and leveraging synergies with Inland Waterways Emphasis on use of technology & scientific planning for Project Preparation and Asset Monitoring Delegation of powers to expedite project delivery - Phase I to complete by 2022 Improving connectivity in the North East Initiatives that have been taken to revive the stalled projects and expedite completion of new projects: Streamlining of land acquisition and acquisition of major portion of land prior to invitation of bids Award of projects after adequate project preparation in terms of land acquisition, clearances etc. Disposal of cases in respect of Change of Scope (CoS) and Extension of Time (EoT) in a time bound manner Procedure for approval of General Arrangement Drawing for ROBs simplified and made online Close coordination with other Ministries and State Governments One time fund infusion Regular review at various levels and identification/ removal of bottlenecks in project execution Proposed exit for Equity Investors Securitization of road sector loans Disputes Resolution mechanism revamped to avoid delays in completion of projects Management of COVID-19 in National Parks/Sanctuaries/Tiger Reserves (Topic: Government measures to ensure safety of animals from COVID-19) Motive: In view of the spread of COVID 19 in the country and a recent news report on a Tiger being infected with the COVID 19 in New York, the Ministry has felt that there are possibilities of spread of the virus amongst animals in National Parks/Sanctuaries/Tiger Reserves and also transmission of the virus from humans to animals and vice-versa. Reduce the human wildlife interface by restricting the movement of people  Constitute a Task Force/Rapid Action Force with Field Managers, Veterinary doctors, Frontline staff, to manage the situation as quickly as possible. Create a ‘round the clock’ reporting mechanism with a Nodal Officer for swift management of any cases noticed. Set up essential services for emergency treatment of animals and their safe release back to their natural habitats, as and when required. Enhance disease surveillance, mapping and monitoring system through coordinated effort amongst various Departments. Technological Advancement to Fight COVID-19 (Topic: New technological development to fight COVID-19) Genome sequencing: To understand the evolution of the virus, how dynamic is it and how fast it imitates; Whole-genome sequencing is the method used to determine the complete DNA sequence of a specific organism’s genome. Antimicrobial coating: Developed by JNCASR, Bangalore, an autonomous institute under Department of Science & Technology (DST), and has shown excellent results in tackling the spread of deadly influenza virus, the root cause of severe respiratory infections, by inactivating large loads of influenza virus. The coating may be effective in destroying COVID 19 – another enveloped virus upon contact. The technology which is simple and hence do not require skilled personnel for its development is already set to be tested against COVD 19. If found to be active, a number of PPEs, such as masks, gowns, gloves, face shields, used by doctors and nurses can be coated with it, imparting enhanced protection and safety to them. This will aid them to fight the battle against COVID 19 more effectively. NIPER-Guwahati designs innovative 3D products:  Product 1: The first product is a 3D-printed hands-free object that could be used to help open or close doors, windows, drawers (both vertical and horizontal), and refrigerator handle, or press elevator buttons, and laptop/desktop keyboards, including turning the switch buttons on/off. Product 2: The second product is a 3D-printed antimicrobial face-shield to control the spread of novel coronavirus. It was designed after a thorough study to understand how viruses spread through oral, ophthalmic, olfactory and other body cavities. Exploring novel blood plasma therapy for COVID-19  (Topic: New technological development to fight COVID-19) The treatment aims at using the immune power gained by a recovered person to treat a sick person What is convalescent-plasma therapy? When a pathogen like novel coronavirus infects, our immune systems produce antibodies. Like the police dogs, the antibodies span out to identify and mark the invading virus. White blood cells attach the identified intruders, and the body gets rid of the infection.  The therapy, like blood transfusion, harvests the antibody from a recovered patient and ingest into a sick person. Helped by the antibody, the immune system mounts robust combat on the virus.  What are antibodies? Antibodies are one of the front-line immune response to an infection by a microbe. They are a particular type of proteins secreted by immune cells called B lymphocytes when they encounter an invader, such as a novel coronavirus.  The immune system designs antibodies that are highly specific to each invading pathogen. A particular antibody and its partner virus are made for each other. How the treatment is given? Blood is drawn from a person who has recovered from COVID-19 sickness.  The serum is separated and screened for virus-neutralizing antibodies. Convalescent serum, that is the blood serum obtained from one who has recovered from an infectious disease and especially rich in antibodies for that pathogen, is then administered to a COVID-19 patient.  The sick acquires passive immunisation. Potential donor would be examined before the blood serum is extracted and given to a sick person. First, the swab test must be negative and the potential donor has to be declared as cured. Then the recovered person has to wait for two weeks. Or else the potential donor should be asymptomatic for at least 28 days. Either of the two is mandatory  How is it different from vaccination? This therapy is akin to passive immunization. When a vaccine is administrated, the immune system produces the antibodies. Thus, in a later date, when the vaccinated person is infected by that pathogen, the immune system releases the antibodies and neutralise the infection.  Vaccination provides lifelong immunity. In the case of passive antibody therapy, the effect lasts only up to the time the antibodies injected remain the bloodstream. The protection given is temporary.  Is it effective? We have effective antibiotics against bacterial infection. However, we do not have effective antivirals.  Whenever a new viral outbreak takes places, there are no drugs to treat it. Hence, the convalescent serum has been used during past viral epidemics.  During the outbreak of 2009–2010 H1N1 influenza virus pandemic, patients with an infection requiring intensive care were used. After the passive antibody treatment, the serum-treated individuals showed clinical improvement. The viral burden reduced, and the death rate could be lowered. The procedure was also useful during the Ebola outbreak in 2018. Is it safe? With modern blood banking techniques that screen for blood-borne pathogens is robust. It is not difficult to match the blood type of donors and recipients. Therefore the risks of inadvertently transferring known infectious agents or triggering transfusion reactions are low.  How long the antibodies will remain in the recipient? After the antibody serum is given, it will stay on the recipient for at least three to four days. During this period, the sick person will recover. Research reports from the USA and China indicate that the beneficial effect of transfusion plasma is obtained in the first three to four days and not later. What are the Challenges? This therapy is not simple to harness, primarily due to the difficulty of obtaining significant amounts of plasma from survivors. In diseases like COVID-19, where most of the victims are aged, suffering from other medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and so on, not all recovered patients can volunteer to donate blood. Prelims oriented News A. Biofortified carrot variety developed by farmer scientist benefits local farmers Madhuban Gajar, a biofortified carrot variety with high β-carotene and iron content developed by Shri Vallabhhai Vasrambhai Marvaniya, a farmer scientist from Junagadh district, Gujarat is benefitting more than 150 local farmers in the area. It is being planted in an area of over 200 hectares in Junagadh, and the average yield, which is 40-50 t/ha, has become the main source of income to the local farmers.  The variety is being cultivated in more than 1000 hectares of land in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh during the last three years. The Madhuvan Gajar is a highly nutritious carrot variety. and among all the varieties tested, beta-carotene and iron content were found to be superior B. The PC&PNDT (Pre Conception and Pre Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection)) Act 1994 has NOT been suspended by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare C. Ionospheric based monitoring of large earthquakes: Scientists of Indian Institute of Geomagnetism (IIG) an autonomous institution of the Department of Science and Technology have extensively studied the signatures of recent large earthquakes into the ionosphere with an ambitious aim to derive the seismic source characteristics from the ionosphere. D. Border Guarding Arrangements, at India - Pakistan and India - Bangladesh borders Vigil on border may be intensified, especially along the unfenced area, to ensure that no cross border movement is allowed Farmers in the border areas must be educated about COVID-19 and the preventive measures to be taken to prevent its spread in these areas E. Sowing of Summer Crops continues uninterrupted Sowing of the Summer Crops has progressed satisfactorily despite the difficulties experienced due to the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic and the lockdown The total area under the Summer Crops (including Rice, Pulses, Coarse Cereals and Oil Seeds) cultivation has jumped significantly, registering 11.64 lakh hectare increase over last year, overcoming the restrictions and social distancing norms witnessed Among the Summer Crops, the main driver of this growth in cultivable area is Rice, clocking a robust 8.77 lakh ha increase in Sown area.

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Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 14th April 2020

IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 14th April 2020 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) CovidGyan: Multi-institutional, Multi-lingual science communication initiative created Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Science and Technology In News: A multi-institutional, multi-lingual science communication initiative, called `CovidGyan’ has been created to bring the scientific and factual aspects of this pandemic outbreak on to public domain.  Key takeaways: The initiative is the brainchild of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), and Tata Memorial Centre (TMC). A website named 'CovidGyan’ was also launched under this initiative.  The website serves as a hub to bring together a collection of resources in response to the COVID-19 outbreak.  The primary objective of the website is to create public awareness and bring in a holistic approach to the understanding of this disease and potential means to mitigate it.  Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act: States demand access to revenue Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Economy In News: Recently, majority of the Chief Ministers demanded increasing the State’s access to revenue under the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act due to crippling shortage of funds.  Important value additions:  Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act The FRBM Act, enacted in 2003 by Parliament aims to reduce India's fiscal deficit and improve macroeconomic management. Since then, every Budget includes a Medium Term Fiscal Policy Statement that specifies the annual revenue and fiscal deficit goals over a three-year horizon. The present target is of reducing the fiscal deficit to 3.1% of GDP by March 2023 The Act allows the government to exceed the annual fiscal deficit target under extra-ordinary situations like national security, national calamity. Due to COVID-19 pandemic, the current circumstances would be apt for suspending both the Centre’s and States’ fiscal deficit targets. This would allow both the Union government and States to undertake the much-needed increases in expenditure to meet the extraordinary circumstances. Fiscal deficit It is a shortfall in a government's income compared with its spending.  The government that has a fiscal deficit is spending beyond its means. Miscellaneous  CSR Expenditure  The Ministry of Commerce has clarified that the Chief Minister’s Relief Fund’ or ‘State Relief Fund for COVID-19’ is not included in Schedule VII of the Companies Act, 2013, and therefore any contribution to such funds shall not qualify as admissible CSR expenditure”.  Contribution made to State Disaster Management Authority to combat COVID-19 shall qualify as CSR expenditure.  Primordial Black Holes  They were born as a result of a tiny bump in the potential energy levels of the universe, at a time when it was expanding rapidly. They were formed during the Hot Big Bang phase. It is believed that they are formed as a result of collapsing radiations.  The recent study has confirmed that marginal rise in potential energy resulted in birth of several PBHs and also emitted very powerful gravitational waves. PBH can be massively large or be extremely tiny.  Remdesivir  A recent article showed that the drug candidate remdesivir exhibits promising activity against the COVID-19 causing virus.  It might work well in retarding virus replication.  It was developed by Gilead Sciences as a treatment for Ebola virus disease and Marburg virus infections. Nihang  A group of Nihangs attacked a Punjab police party recently.  Nihang is an order of Sikh warriors, characterised by blue robes, antiquated arms such as swords and spears, and decorated turbans surmounted by steel quoits. Any person irrespective of caste, creed or religion can become Nihang provided he has unshorn hair as per the Sikh traditions at the time of entering the sect.  Their origin can be traced back to the creation of the Khalsa by Guru Gobind Singh in 1699. Nihangs had a major role in defending the Sikh panth after the fall of the first Sikh rule (1710-15).  Their clout came to an end after the fall of Sikh Empire in 1849.  Nihangs today constitute a small community.  Festivals being celebrated all over India Vaisakhi Observed by Sikhs all over the world Vishu Celebrated in Kerala, Tulu Nadu region in Karnataka, bordering areas of Tamil Nadu Rongali Bihu Celebrated by the people of Assam Naba Barsha Celebrated in Bengal Puthandu Tamil Nadu new year  Bharat Padhe Online Launched by Ministry of Human Resource Development, it is a week long campaign for Crowd sourcing of ideas for improving online education ecosystem of India.  (MAINS FOCUS) POLITY/ ETHICS Topic: General Studies 2 & 4: Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies  Philosophical basis of governance and probity  State Election Commission: Threat to its Independence  Context: AP government brought in an Ordinance on April 10th 2020 which led to removal of incumbent State Election Commissioner(SEC) About State Election Commissioner Under 73rd  and 74th constitutional amendment acts, State Election Commissions were created for every state to conduct elections to panchayats and municipalities He/She is appointed by the Governor His conditions of service and tenure of office shall also be determined by the governor. SEC shall be removed from his office in the same manner & ground as a Judge of a High Court A judge of a high court can be removed from his office by the President on the recommendation of the parliament Brief background of the tussle between AP State Government & SEC SEC had postponed the local body elections (to be held on March 15th) citing the COVID-19 outbreak.  AP State government has criticised that SEC did not consult the government while postponing elections  AP State government appealed the decision in SC but the court refused to interfere AP CM also alleged that SEC (appointed by previous government) was acting in nexus with the opposition, to prevent the victory of his party in elections, by postponing it. What were the major changes that was brought through the Ordinance? It reduced the SEC’s tenure from five to three years The criterion for holding SEC office was amended – Only those who served as a High Court judge could occupy the post (earlier it was an officer of the rank of Principal Secretary & above) Consequence of the Ordinance:  Incumbent SEC Mr. Ramesh Kumar – a civil servant and 2016 appointee- was no longer the SEC  Justice Kanagaraj took charge as new SEC Criticisms of the Ordinance Misuse of power by AP CM- with the intention to remove incumbent SEC  Against Article 243K – The article prohibits the variation of any condition of service to the detriment of any incumbent The ordinance amounts to encroaching upon the independence of the Constitutional body, especially in the light of political accusations made against SEC Due Process of Law not followed: government did not give reasons for its sudden decision Danger to Democracy: If the Courts upholds this ordinance then it will be end of free & fair elections  Legality of the Ordinance: State government has no legal right to terminate the SEC’s tenure, as the Constitution makes the holder of that post removable only in the same manner as a High Court judge. What was the basis on which AP issued the ordinance? In Aparmita Prasad Singh vs. State of U.P. (2007), the Allahabad High Court ruled that cessation of tenure does not amount to removal and upheld the SEC’s tenure being cut short. The Supreme Court dismissed the appeal of judgment of HC in this case Critical Analysis of Aparmita Prasad Singh Case The HC judgment seems erroneous, as it gives a complete freedom to the State government to remove an inconvenient SEC by merely changing the tenure or retirement age. Against Legal Principles: It is a well-settled principle in law that what cannot be done directly cannot be done indirectly. Scope for revision: Even though SC dismissed the appeal, it has kept open the legal questions arising from the case Way Forward The government should have waited for the COVID-19 crisis to be over for promulgating such Ordinances The new norm should only apply to the successor SEC, and not the one currently holding the office. Governments should ensure the independence of elections authorities  Connecting the dots: State Finance Commission 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts – Critical Analysis JUDICIARY/ GOVERNANCE/ S&T Topic: General Studies 2 & 3: Structure, organization and functioning of the Judiciary  Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life. Accessing justice online Due to COVID-19 crisis and the ensuing lockdown to courts, citizens’ access to justice has been severely restricted However, the root problem is the inability of the conventional court system to deliver timely justice.  Do You Know? As of Nov 2019, 43.55 lakh cases were pending in High court and 58,669 cases were pending in the Supreme Court At the district and subordinate court levels, the number of pending cases stand at a 3.14 crore (as of Nov 2019) Nearly 40% of the sanctioned judge strength in Higher Courts is pending (2019) Consequences of Judicial delay in resolving cases Justice denied is equivalent to justice denied Justice will be accessible only to rich as they can afford to withstand the lengthy process Provides scope for emergence of cheaper judicial avenues like Khap Panchayats Erosion of Public trust on Judiciary thus threatening Democratic values However, technology now provides us an opportunity to meet the challenge. Case Study of Kerala High Court On March 30, 2020, it created history by not only conducting proceedings through video conferencing but also live streaming the proceedings. The judges conducted the hearing from their homes and concerned law officers also participated in the proceedings from their respective offices. A blueprint for e-courts Establishment of task force consisting of judges, technologists, court administrators, skill developers and system analysts-  Objective of Taskforce: To draw up a blueprint for institutionalising online access to justice. Responsibilities of taskforce:  Establishing hardware, software and IT systems for courts Establishing appropriate e-filing systems and procedures Skill training of involved stakeholders Examining application of artificial intelligence benefiting from the data base generated through e-courts projects The experience of Kerala High Court can be leveraged to institutionalise the system Way Ahead: Mission mode implementation of e-courts model across the country Awareness among citizens about welfare schemes and their rights which can hold governments accountable Effective implementation of Legal Services Authorities Act of 1987  Connecting the dots: National Judicial Data Grid National Judicial Appointments Commission – Why SC struck it down? (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note:  Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers.  Comments Up-voted by IASbaba are also the “correct answers”. Q.1 Consider the following statements regarding CovidGyan: It is a government initiative. Primary objective of the website is to create public awareness. Which of the above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2 Consider the following statements regarding FRBM act:  The present target of reducing the fiscal deficit is 3.1 %  The government may exceed the fiscal deficit target under extra-ordinary circumstances. Which of the above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.3 Puthandu is celebrated in which of the following state?  Tamil Nadu  Kerala  Karnataka  Andhra Pradesh Q.4 Consider the following statements regarding Nihang: Any person can become Nihang.  Their origin can be traced back to the creation of Khalsa. Which of the above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 ANSWERS FOR 13th April 2020 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 A 2 C 3 A 4 C Must Read About Google and distortion to market: The Hindu About COVID-19’s impact on Economic Choices: The Hindu About how COVID-19 can help us rework relationship between city & village: Indian Express

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Hon’ble PM Shri Narendra Modi Speech HIGHLIGHTS today: Coronavirus LOCKDOWN to be EXTENDED till May 3, 2020

Hon’ble PM Shri Narendra Modi Speech HIGHLIGHTS today: Coronavirus LOCKDOWN to be EXTENDED till May 3, 2020   Highlights from Prime Minister's address: The lockdown will be extended till 3rd May, 2020. Till April 20, all districts, localities, states will be closely monitored, as to how strictly they are implementing norms. States which will not let hotspots increase, they could be allowed to let some important activities resume, but with certain conditions. From April 20, those states or areas, which will not allow increase of hotspots or where the possibility of hotposts increasing is less, will see resumption of some essential services. We are moving with great pace on the health infrastructure fund as well. In January, the country only had one lab to test Coronavirus. There are now more than 220 labs working on this front. Tomorrow (15th April), the government will come out of extensive guidelines on the lockdown. I know you have faced many difficulties. Some have faced difficulty with food. Some have faced problems in commuting. While some have been staying away from their houses and family. I know the kind of trouble all of you have been through in this period. But I know, for the country, all of you have worked like a disciplined soldier. I pay my regards to all of you. India has been able to contain the spread and ill-effects of Coronavirus due to your patience. All of you have suffered to save the nation. The new year has started in several states in the entire country. The way people are observing the lockdown is inspiring and commendable. I wish you and your family good health on this new year. Even when India did not have a single corona patient, India had begun screening passengers from Covid-19 affected countries If India had not adopted holistic, integrated approach, had not taken quick decision then India's situation would have been different. However, observations and results of the last few days have shown that the road we took was right. India has reaped the benefits of social distancing and lockdown. We have paid economic cost for it too. But it is nothing compared to the cost of the lives of Indians. People who earn every day and fulfill their needs, they are my family as well. It is one of my priorities to reduce their problems. The PM underlined that the motto of the government earlier was 'jaan hai to jahaan hai' but now it is 'jaan bhi jahaan bhi'. #stayhomestaysafe #IndiaFightsCorona   For the right information refer the authentic source - https://www.mohfw.gov.in/ https://www.mygov.in/covid-19/  

Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent and Creativity

Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity: SKETCHING by TARUNA DAGAR!

Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity: SKETCHING by TARUNA DAGAR!   Hello Friends, You must be aware of the term ‘catharsis’. It is the process of releasing and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions. Recently we have launched a new initiative by the name Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity! Today's work is SKETCHING by Taruna Dagar. Well done, Keep it up !! Check out some of the amazing Sketches by Taruna.       Be creative and find your catharsis in whichever form of creativity you are comfortable with.  It could be anything- a song, a painting, a poem, a story, a dance performance, rangolis, jokes/humor, culinary skills, mimicry and whatnot. There is no limit to creativity. Just unleash and share it with everyone! Why don’t you share your moments of catharsis with us? UPSC is not only about academics but personality as well. And your personality is shaped by the creativity that you possess.   To know more about Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity' Initiative and the Previous Creative work  -> CLICK HERE We encourage you to keep the comment section alive by sharing your talents and also by commenting and encouraging the talent of your peers. We are also going to be a regular visitor here and will keep on posting the creative works by our talented team members and staff. NOTE- You can also nominate by tagging anyone (if you know about the talent of your friend or anyone) 🙂 You can share your talent/creativity with us on support@iasbaba.com and ilp@iasbaba.com  P.S: Kindly share it in a format that can be published on the website. We believe each one of you have some hidden talent. It’s time that you explore more about yourselves and remain positive throughout this journey. Make the best use of this opportunity! Thank You IASbaba

60 DAYS PROGRAMME-PRELIMS 2020

IASbaba’s 60 Day Plan [Day - 38]- IAS Prelims Test Series 2020 POLITY & CURRENT AFFAIRS

ARCHIVES OF 60 DAY PLAN STRATEGY [VIDEO]: UPSC IAS Preparation Guidance/Tips from Mohan Sir  Dear Students, The 60 Days Training has finally begun:) DAY 38 is here! It is time to Introspect, Ideate and Improve!! We have come-up with articles to instil confidence, motivate you in the present situation. Do read these articles. Mark the words/lines in your dairy. These very lines can be the driving force’ in the time of uncertainty. [STRATEGY] MUST READ: 21 Days of Lockdown-What to do? Introspect, Ideate and Improve !! MUST READ: PRELIMS in Testing Times – Don’t Forget the ‘WHY’; IASbaba’s dedicated HOTLINE for Aspirants and Prelims Postponing Rumours Coronavirus[VIDEO]: Awareness, Myths, Solidarity and Message to All UPSC Aspirants by Mohan Sir Founder IASbaba   To ensure that your preparation goes smoothly and keeping up with our promise, we have come up with a Dedicated HOTLINE (Communication channel) - Connect with BABA for all UPSC/IAS Aspirants. From today, you will be able to speak with the Founders and Core Team of IASbaba on telephone regarding ‘any queries’ related to UPSC preparation in general or Subject-specific doubts. This Hotline, will be in addition to the 'ASK YOUR BABA' (#ASKBABA) thread opened on a daily basis for our 60 Day plan. We will try to make sure that with so much going around these days, you have at least one less thing to worry about.   How to make use of HOTLINE and ASK YOUR BABA (#ASKBABA)? There are 2 initiatives which will be running parallely. 1. HOTLINE - Connect with BABA (5pm - 7pm) The communication channel will be open ONLY for 2 hours Daily (except on Sundays - holiday) from 5pm to 7 pm. Please do not make calls before or after the specified time. As we will be occupied with other daily initiatives running on the website and mentorship. Hope you understand our time constraints. Please note that, call facilities are mainly for queries related to preparation per se like strategies, difficulties in reading a subject, what to read, what not to read, how to manage time, revision, motivation etc. You can call on the numbers given below. For any queries related to - UPSC Preparation (Prelims, Mains, Interview) Strategy & Current Affairs – contact 9986190082 Environment & Science and Technology – contact 9986193016 Polity & Economics – contact 9899291288 Geography & History – contact 9591106864 We have separated General Strategy (Preparation per se – Pre, Mains, Interview) and Current Affairs from other subjects. You can make use of the HOTLINE, as per your needs.   2. ASK YOUR BABA (#ASKBABA) - clear your doubts on the 60 Day Platform (Online from 11 am - 10 pm) Use the disqus comment section of that particular day (60 Day post - For Ex: Today is Day 25) to clear all your subject specific doubts of the day. You can post your queries/doubts with #ASKBABA !! Here, doubts related to the 60 day questions or conceptual clarity in a particular subject can be asked. Your doubts will be cleared on real-time basis (or max within hour it will be answered from the subject experts) If you are genuinely finding difficulty interms of preparing with that particular subject, then you can use 5pm-7pm window to make calls. If you are not able to speak to IASbaba's Team, then you can still post your doubts/queries in the same post of the 60 day initiative. As mentioned above, your doubts will be cleared on real-time basis (or max within hour it will be answered from the subject experts). Make the best use of the communication channel (Ask Your Baba/comment section on daily 60 Day post and calls) provided. We will make sure that, all your queries will be answered to. So we have  tried our bit, to ensure your preparation goes smoothly, you can do your bit by keeping in touch with us via phone/ website to keep yourself going, keep yourself engaged and staying positive during the rough times.   How to make the maximum use of this HOTLINE and #ASKBABA (Disqus comment of 60 Day Plan) on Daily basis? Now, that I have solved 30 mcq’s, what to do next?  How to Analyse my Performance? For Answers to the above Questions  ->CONNECT WITH BABA: IASbaba’s Dedicated HOTLINE for UPSC/IAS Aspirants !!   Note- Download the OMR Sheet and attempt the questions exactly like UPSC Prelims. After you are done, please post your OMR in the comment section. Once the solution key is released (5 PM), cross-check the answers and again, comment the marks (you got) in the same comment thread. This will keep you responsible and sincere in days to come. Also, we need more sets of scores for releasing the cut offs in the night so, requesting all of you to sincerely put your scores in comment section.    You can also take part in discussion with peers.   Q.1) Which of the following provisions ensure independence of Supreme Court in India? Appointment of judges by President in consultation with the judiciary Expenses Charged on Consolidated Fund of India Judges can be removed only by the Chief Justice of India Conduct of judges can be discussed only in the Parliament Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 2 and 4 1,2 and 4 All of the above Q.1) निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा प्रावधान, भारत में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय की स्वतंत्रता सुनिश्चित करता है? न्यायपालिका के परामर्श से राष्ट्रपति द्वारा न्यायाधीशों की नियुक्ति व्ययों का भारत के समेकित कोष पर भारित होना   न्यायाधीशों को केवल भारत के मुख्य न्यायाधीश द्वारा हटाया जा सकता है न्यायाधीशों के आचरण पर केवल संसद में चर्चा हो सकती है नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 2 और 4 1,2 और 4 उपरोक्त सभी Q.2) Consider the following statements regarding advisory jurisdiction of Supreme Court The Supreme Court on any matter may tender or may refuse to tender its opinion to the president. The opinion expressed by the Supreme Court is only advisory. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के सलाहकारी क्षेत्राधिकार के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें किसी भी मामले पर सर्वोच्च न्यायालय राष्ट्रपति को राय दे सकता है या अपनी राय देने से इंकार कर सकता है। सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा व्यक्त की गई राय केवल सलाहकारी होती है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.3) As a Court of Record, which of the following powers have been bestowed upon the Supreme Court? The recorded judgments of Supreme Court cannot be questioned when produced before any court. Supreme Court has power to punish for contempt of court Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.3) अभिलेख-न्यायालय (Court of Record) के रूप में, निम्नलिखित में से कौन सी शक्तियाँ सर्वोच्च न्यायालय को प्रदान की गई हैं? सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के अभिलिखित किए गए निर्णयों पर प्रश्न नहीं किया जा सकता है, जब किसी भी न्यायालय में प्रस्तुत किया जाता है। सर्वोच्च न्यायालय को न्यायालय की अवमानना के लिए दंडित करने की शक्ति है नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.4) Consider the following statements regarding National Emergency Proclamation of emergency can survive beyond 6 months without approval from both the houses. It can be revoked by the President without Parliamentary approval. It has been proclaimed only once in India, post 1975. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 All of the above Q.4) राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल (National emergency) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें आपातकाल की घोषणा दोनों सदनों से अनुमोदन के बिना 6 महीने से अधिक बनी रह सकती है। इसे संसदीय स्वीकृति के बिना राष्ट्रपति द्वारा निरस्त किया जा सकता है। इसे भारत में 1975 के बाद केवल एक बार घोषित किया गया है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 1 और 3 2 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.5) Which of the following statements regarding National Emergency are incorrect? The state governments might be suspended while emergency is in operation. The laws made by Parliament on the state subjects during a National Emergency remain in operation even after the emergency has ceased to operate. During the emergency, the President can cancel the transfer of finances from Centre to the states without approval of Parliament. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 All of the above Q.5) राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल (National emergency) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कथन गलत है? राज्य सरकारें निलंबित हो सकती हैं, जब आपातकालीन स्थिति संचलन में हो। राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल के दौरान राज्य के विषयों पर संसद द्वारा बनाए गए कानून, आपातकाल की समाप्ति के बाद भी परिचालन में रहते हैं। आपातकाल के दौरान, राष्ट्रपति संसद की मंजूरी के बिना केंद्र से राज्यों को वित्त हस्तांतरण को रद्द कर सकता है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 1 और 3 2 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.6) Consider the following statements regarding effect of National emergency on fundamental rights When a proclamation of national emergency is made, the six Fundamental Rights under Article 19 are automatically suspended. Article 20 and 21 remain enforceable during emergency. The legislative and executive actions taken during the emergency cannot be challenged even after the Emergency ceases to operate. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 2 only 1 and 3 All of the above Q.6) मौलिक अधिकारों पर राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल के प्रभाव के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें जब राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल की घोषणा की जाती है, तो अनुच्छेद 19 के तहत छह मौलिक अधिकार स्वतः निलंबित हो जाते हैं। अनुच्छेद 20 और 21 आपातकाल के दौरान भी लागू रहते हैं। आपातकाल के दौरान ली गई विधायी और कार्यकारी कार्रवाइयों को आपातकाल के बाद भी चुनौती नहीं दी जा सकती है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 केवल 2 1 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.7) Consider the following statements regarding President’s rule President’s rule can be imposed when a state fails to comply with the direction from the Centre. A resolution approving the proclamation of President’s Rule can be passed by either House of Parliament only by a simple majority. The Parliament passes the state budget during imposition of President’s rule. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.7) राष्ट्रपति शासन (President’s rule) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें राष्ट्रपति शासन तब लागू किया जा सकता है, जब कोई राज्य केंद्र से निर्देश का पालन करने में विफल रहता है। राष्ट्रपति शासन की घोषणा को मंजूरी देने वाला प्रस्ताव संसद के किसी भी सदन द्वारा केवल साधारण बहुमत से पारित किया जा सकता है। संसद राष्ट्रपति शासन लगने के दौरान, राज्य बजट पारित करती है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 2 और 3 1 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.8) Consider the following statements regarding President’s rule During imposition of the President’s rule, state executive is dismissed and state legislature is either suspended or dissolved. Lok Sabha should pass a resolution for revocation of the President’s rule. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.8) राष्ट्रपति शासन के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें राष्ट्रपति शासन लागू होने के दौरान, राज्य कार्यपालिका को बर्खास्त कर दिया जाता है तथा राज्य विधायिका या तो निलंबित या भंग कर दी जाती है। राष्ट्रपति शासन के निरसन के लिए लोकसभा को प्रस्ताव पारित करना होता है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.9) Consider the following statements regarding Financial Emergency It can be continued indefinitely but requires the approval of Parliament every year. During its operation, the Centre acquires full control over the states in financial matters. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.9) वित्तीय आपातकाल (Financial Emergency) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें इसे अनिश्चित काल तक जारी रखा जा सकता है, लेकिन इसके लिए प्रत्येक वर्ष संसद की मंजूरी की आवश्यकता होती है। इसके संचालन के दौरान, केंद्र राज्यों के वित्तीय मामलों पर पूर्ण नियंत्रण प्राप्त कर लेता है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.10) The Supreme Court in Bommai case (1994) enlisted the situations where the exercise of power under Article 356 could be proper or improper. Which of the following situations amount to proper imposition of President’s rule in a state? Hung assembly Maladministration Disregard of constitutional directions given by the Central government Stringent financial exigencies Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 3 and 4 All of the above Q.10) बोम्मई मामले (1994) में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय ने उन स्थितियों को सूचीबद्ध किया, जहां अनुच्छेद 356 के तहत शक्ति का प्रयोग उचित या अनुचित हो सकता है। किसी राज्य में राष्ट्रपति शासन लागू करने के लिए निम्नलिखित में से कौन सी स्थितियाँ हैं? त्रिशंकु विधानसभा (Hung assembly) कुशासन (Maladministration) केंद्र सरकार द्वारा दिए गए संवैधानिक निर्देशों की अवहेलना कठोर वित्तीय अनिवार्यता (Stringent financial exigencies) नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 3 2 और 3 1,3 और 4 उपरोक्त सभी Q.11) Consider the following statements regarding Supreme Court It has the original, exclusive and final authority in deciding the disputes regarding the election of the President and the Vice President. Its jurisdiction and powers with respect to matters in the Union list can be enlarged by the Parliament. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.11) सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें इसके पास राष्ट्रपति और उपराष्ट्रपति के चुनाव के विवादों का निर्णय करने का मूल, अनन्य और अंतिम अधिकार है। संघ सूची में मामलों के संबंध में इसके अधिकार क्षेत्र और शक्तियां संसद द्वारा विस्तारित की जा सकती हैं। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.12) Consider the following statements regarding Supreme Court of India Unlike Supreme Court of USA, Supreme Court in India has wide discretion to grant special leave to appeal in any matter against the judgement of any court or tribunal. Unlike in USA, scope of judicial review by Supreme Court in India is very wide. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.12) भारत के सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें यूएसए के सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के विपरीत, भारत में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के पास किसी भी न्यायालय या न्यायाधिकरण के निर्णय के खिलाफ किसी भी मामले में अपील करने के लिए विशेष अवकाश (special leave) देने का व्यापक विवेकाधिकार है। यूएसए के विपरीत, भारत में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के पास न्यायिक समीक्षा का दायरा अधिक व्यापक है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.13) According to the Indian Constitution, scope of judicial review is limited to Infringement of Fundamental rights Law is outside the competence of the authority which has framed it Question of reasonableness, suitability or policy implications Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.13) भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, न्यायिक समीक्षा का दायरा कहाँ तक सीमित है मौलिक अधिकारों का उल्लंघन कानून, उस प्राधिकरण की सक्षमता से बाहर है, जिसने उसे बनाया है तर्कशीलता, उपयुक्तता या नीतिगत निहितार्थ का प्रश्न नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 2 और 3 1 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.14) In accordance with the Supreme Court guidelines, petitions belonging to which of the following categories alone can be entertained as PIL? Petitions against atrocities on women Petitions pertaining to environmental pollution Petitions for early hearing of cases pending in High Courts and Subordinate Courts Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.14) सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के दिशा-निर्देशों के अनुसार, निम्नलिखित में से किस श्रेणी से संबंधित याचिकाएं पीआईएल के रूप में स्वीकार की जा सकती हैं? महिलाओं पर अत्याचार के विरुद्ध याचिकाएँ पर्यावरण प्रदूषण से संबंधित याचिकाएँ उच्च न्यायालयों और अधीनस्थ न्यायालयों में लंबित मामलों की त्वरित सुनवाई के लिए याचिकाएँ नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 2 और 3 1 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.15) Consider the following statements with respect to high courts in India The Parliament can extend the jurisdiction of a high court to any union territory. The Parliament can exclude the jurisdiction of a high court from any union territory. The Parliament determines the strength of high court from time to time. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.15) भारत में उच्च न्यायालयों के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें संसद उच्च न्यायालय के क्षेत्राधिकार को किसी भी केंद्र शासित प्रदेश तक विस्तारित कर सकती है। संसद उच्च न्यायालय के क्षेत्राधिकार को किसी भी केंद्र शासित प्रदेश से समाप्त कर सकती है। संसद समय-समय पर उच्च न्यायालय की सदस्य संख्या (strength) का निर्धारण करती है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 2 और 3 1 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.16) Which of the following are the qualifications prescribed in the Constitution for a judge of High Court? He should be a citizen of India. He should have completed 35 years of age. He should have been an advocate of a high court for ten years. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.16) उच्च न्यायालय के न्यायाधीश के लिए, निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सी योग्यता संविधान में निर्धारित है? वह भारत का नागरिक होना चाहिए। उसे 35 वर्ष की आयु पूरी करनी चाहिए। उसे दस वर्ष के लिए उच्च न्यायालय का अधिवक्ता होना चाहिए। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 2 और 3 1 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.17) Consider the following statements with respect to high courts in India The judges of a high court are appointed by the Governor in consultation with the chief justice of India and the chief justice of the high court. The salaries of judges can be changed to their disadvantage after their appointment during financial emergency. The salaries and allowances of the judges are charged on the consolidated fund of the state. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.17) भारत में उच्च न्यायालयों के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें एक उच्च न्यायालय के न्यायाधीशों को भारत के मुख्य न्यायाधीश और उच्च न्यायालय के मुख्य न्यायाधीश के परामर्श से राज्यपाल द्वारा नियुक्त किया जाता है। वित्तीय आपातकाल के दौरान, न्यायाधीशों के वेतन को उनकी नियुक्ति के बाद कम किया जा सकता है। न्यायाधीशों के वेतन और भत्ते, राज्य के समेकित निधि पर भारित होते हैं। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 2 और 3 1 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.18) In which of the following cases, high courts enjoy original jurisdiction in India? Disputes relating to the election of members of Parliament Enforcement of fundamental rights of citizens Matters of marriage and divorce Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.18) निम्नलिखित में से किस मामले में, उच्च न्यायालय भारत में मूल क्षेत्राधिकार (original jurisdiction) का आनंद लेते हैं? संसद के सदस्यों के चुनाव से संबंधित विवाद नागरिकों के मौलिक अधिकारों का प्रवर्तन शादी और तलाक के मामले नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 2 और 3 1 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.19) Primary functions of Legal Services Authorities, established under the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) are To provide free legal services to the eligible persons To organize Lok Adalats To organize legal awareness camps in the rural areas Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.19) राष्ट्रीय विधिक सेवा प्राधिकरण (NALSA) के तहत स्थापित कानूनी सेवा प्राधिकरणों के प्राथमिक कार्य हैं पात्र व्यक्तियों को मुफ्त कानूनी सेवाएं प्रदान करना लोक अदालतों का आयोजन करना ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में कानूनी जागरूकता शिविर आयोजित करना नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 2 और 3 1 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.20) Which of the following statement regarding Lok Adalats is incorrect? The award by the Lok Adalat is binding on the parties. The Lok Adalat has the same powers as are vested in a Civil Court. Appeal against the award of the Lok Adalat lies in the High Court. All of the above are correct. Q.20) लोक अदालतों के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कथन गलत है? लोक अदालत द्वारा दिए गए निर्णय पक्षकारों पर बाध्यकारी होते हैं। लोक अदालत के पास वैसी ही शक्तियां हैं, जैसी कि एक सिविल कोर्ट में निहित होती हैं। लोक अदालत द्वारा दिए गए निर्णय के विरुद्ध अपील उच्च न्यायालय में निहित होती है। उपरोक्त सभी सही हैं। Q.21) With reference to National Strategy for Financial Inclusion (NSFI), consider the following statements: The strategy aims to strengthen the ecosystem for various modes of digital financial services in all Tier-II to Tier VI centers. It is released by NITI Aayog. To make the Public Credit Registry fully operational by 2022 is one of the objectives of the strategy. Which of the statements given above is/are INCORRECT?  1 and 2 only 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only Q.21) वित्तीय समावेशन के लिए राष्ट्रीय रणनीति (NSFI) के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: रणनीति का लक्ष्य सभी टियर- II से टियर VI केंद्रों में डिजिटल वित्तीय सेवाओं के विभिन्न तरीकों के पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र को मजबूत करना है। इसे नीति आयोग द्वारा जारी किया गया है। सार्वजनिक क्रेडिट रजिस्ट्री का 2022 तक पुर्णतः परिचालन रणनीति के उद्देश्यों में से एक है। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा गलत है / हैं? केवल 1 और 2 केवल 2  केवल 2 और 3 केवल 1 और 3 Q.22) The One Trillion Trees Initiative was launched recently by which of the following? Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCCD) The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) World Economic Forum (WEF) Q.22) ‘एक ट्रिलियन वृक्ष पहल’ (One Trillion Trees Initiative), हाल ही में निम्न में से किसके द्वारा आरंभ किया गया था? खाद्य और कृषि संगठन (FAO) संयुक्त राष्ट्र मरुस्थलीकरण रोकथाम अभिसमय (UNCCCD) प्रकृति के संरक्षण के लिए अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संघ (IUCN) विश्व आर्थिक मंच (WEF) Q.23) India signed the Migration and Mobility Partnership Agreement with which of the following? Russia France Japan Canada Q.23) भारत ने निम्नलिखित में से किसके साथ प्रवासन और गतिशीलता साझेदारी समझौते (Migration and Mobility Partnership Agreement) पर हस्ताक्षर किए हैं? रूस फ्रांस जापान कनाडा Q.24) Consider the following statements about TrueNat Test: It is an indigenous molecular diagnostic tool for tuberculosis diagnosis. It is a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based test which can also detect drug resistance with the use of chips. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only  Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.24) ट्रूनेट टेस्ट (TrueNat Test) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: यह तपेदिक निदान के लिए एक स्वदेशी आणविक नैदानिक उपकरण है। यह एक पोलीमरेज़ चेन रिएक्शन (polymerase chain reaction -PCR) आधारित परीक्षण है, जो चिप् के उपयोग से दवा प्रतिरोध का भी पता लगा सकता है। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 केवल 2  1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.25) Consider the following pairs:       Buddhist monastic sites State    1. Moghalmari Uttar Pradesh    2. Bojjannakonda Andhra Pradesh    3. Lingalametta Karnataka    Which of the pairs given above are incorrectly matched? 1 and 3 only 1 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.25) निम्नलिखित युग्मों पर विचार करें:                               बौद्ध मठ स्थल                                 राज्य    1. मोघलमारी                              उत्तर प्रदेश    2. बोज्जनकोंडा                                आंध्र प्रदेश    3. लिंगलामेत्ता                                कर्नाटक   ऊपर दी गई कौन सी जोड़ी गलत तरीके से मेल खाती है? केवल 1 और 3 केवल 1 केवल 2 और 3 1, 2 और 3 Q.26) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Mission Innovation’. It is a global initiative of 24 countries and the European Union to accelerate global clean energy innovation. It was launched during the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference (CoP 21). Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.26) 'मिशन इनोवेशन' (Mission Innovation) के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। यह वैश्विक स्वच्छ ऊर्जा नवाचार में तेजी लाने के लिए 24 देशों और यूरोपीय संघ की एक वैश्विक पहल है। यह 2015 के संयुक्त राष्ट्र जलवायु परिवर्तन सम्मेलन (CoP 21) के दौरान लॉन्च किया गया था। सही कथनों का चयन करें केवल 1 केवल 2  1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.27) The ‘Corruption Perceptions Index’ is brought out by the World Economic Forum World Bank Transparency International International Court of Justice Q.27) ‘भ्रष्टाचार धारणा सूचकांक’ किसके द्वारा प्रकाशित किया जाता है विश्व आर्थिक मंच विश्व बैंक ट्रांसपेरेंसी इंटरनेशनल अंतर्राष्ट्रीय न्यायालय Q.28) Which of the following statements is most appropriated with respect to ‘Juice Jacking’. It is a process in which transactions for various forms of cryptocurrency are verified and added to the blockchain digital ledger. It is a type of cyber-attack involving a charging port that doubles as a data connection, typically over USB. It is the act of pretending to be someone you are not online, in order to lure someone you've never met into a relationship. It is the fraudulent attempt to obtain sensitive information such as usernames, passwords and credit card details by disguising oneself as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication.  Q.28) ‘जूस जैकिंग’ (Juice Jacking) के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कथन सबसे उपयुक्त है। यह एक प्रक्रिया है, जिसमें क्रिप्टोक्यूरेंसी के विभिन्न रूपों के लिए लेनदेन को सत्यापित किया जाता है तथा ब्लॉकचेन डिजिटल लेज़र में जोड़ा जाता है। यह एक प्रकार का साइबर-हमला है जिसमें एक चार्जिंग पोर्ट शामिल होता है, जैसे आमतौर पर USB, जिस पर डेटा कनेक्शन को दोगुना कर देता है। यह किसी ऐसे व्यक्ति का दिखावा करने की क्रिया है जैसे आप ऑनलाइन नहीं हैं, ऐसे किसी व्यक्ति को लुभाने के लिए जिससे आप कभी किसी संबंध में नहीं रहे। यह एक इलेक्ट्रॉनिक संचार में भरोसेमंद इकाई के रूप में अपने आप को छिपाने के द्वारा उपयोगकर्ता का नाम, पासवर्ड और क्रेडिट कार्ड विवरण जैसी संवेदनशील जानकारी प्राप्त करने का धोखाधड़ी का प्रयास है। Q.29) 'N Chandrasekaran Commitee' was constituted to look into Artificial Intelligence 3D Printing Big Data Algorithm Trading Q.29) 'एन चंद्रशेखरन समिति' का गठन किस कार्य को देखने के किया गया था कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता  3 डी प्रिंटिग बिग डाटा एल्गोरिथम ट्रेडिंग (Algorithm Trading) Q.30) Consider the following statements Lithium-Sulphur (Li-s) batteries store considerably more energy than the Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. Li-S batteries are generally considered to be the successors of the Li-ion batteries because of their lower cost of production, energy efficiency and improved safety. Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.30) निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें लिथियम-सल्फर (Li-s) बैटरी लिथियम-आयन (Li-ion) बैटरी की तुलना में काफी अधिक ऊर्जा स्टोर करती है। लिथियम-सल्फर (Li-s) बैटरी को आमतौर पर उत्पादन की कम लागत, ऊर्जा दक्षता और बेहतर सुरक्षा के कारण लिथियम-आयन (Li-ion) बैटरी की उत्तराधिकारी माना जाता है। सही कथनों का चयन करें केवल 1 केवल 2  1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 DOWNLOAD THE SOLUTION ENGLISH HINDI NOTE- Follow this for Comments Mention- Time Taken after solving the Test After the release of Solution Edit your Comment to Mention-  Correct/Incorrect and Score 2 Marks for Correct/0.66 minus for Incorrect. DOWNLOAD THE 60 DAYS PLAN 2020  PRELIMS EXCLUSIVE CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASSES (12 SESSIONS-By Tauseef Sir): STARTING 15 APRIL- JOIN NOW! All the Best! IASbaba

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Virtual Courts and Way forward – The Big Picture – RSTV IAS UPSC

Virtual Courts and Way forward Archives TOPIC: General Studies 2 Judiciary; new developments World post COVID-19 In News: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the legal fraternity of India. Following the imposition of the 21-day Coronavirus lockdown, starting with the Supreme Court, many High Courts and subordinate courts have suspended work for the next three weeks or have notified minimal sitting.  The Supreme Court has passed directions for all courts across the country to extensively use video-conferencing for judicial proceedings saying congregation of lawyers and litigants must be suspended to maintain social distancing amid the coronavirus pandemic.  The top court, which has restricted its functioning and is conducting hearing through video conferencing since March 25, exercised its plenary power to direct all high courts to frame a mechanism for use of technology during the pandemic.  A bench headed by the Chief Justice stressed that "technology is here to stay". It also resolved to institutionalise e-processes even after normalcy returns. The work of the courts is a vital public service The top court on March 23 had held a successful trial of its functioning through video-conferencing and three matters were heard virtually in which judges sat in the courtroom while advocates argued from a different spot in the apex court. In a deviation from regular practice, the High Courts of Bombay and Karnataka issued notifications adopting virtual courts using video conferencing facilities on March 17 and 21. It was done to utilise the advances in the information and communications technology to deliver justice at a crucial time and under unprecedented circumstances. The Supreme Court, through its Secretary General Sanjeev Kalgaonkar, on March 23, also notified the use of “Vidyo” app for facilitating hearings via video-conferencing. It is believed that upon request by Senior Advocate Abhishek Manu Singhvi, the Court was willing to extend the video-conferencing facilities even to the offices of counsel. The Court has also kept alternative options of apps and platforms such as WhatsApp, Facetime, and Skype open as well in case of network linkage issues. "It was a very enriching experience and I think it is going to be the order of the day for the future. What was amazing was that there was absolutely no hitch or any break and the 45 minutes long hearing went on absolutely smoothly." – Senior Counsel KV Vishwanathan The Challenges The use of video and audio enabled hearings have also faced significant legal and practical problems including admissibility and authenticity of the evidence received through the video and/or audio transmissions, the identity of the witness and/or individuals subject of the hearings, the confidentiality of the hearings. Other challenges might be poor quality of internet connection, poor and outdated the audio and video equipment, power cuts, inability to establish connection at the agreed time, inability for multi-party to partake especially involving interpreters and vulnerable witnesses. Face-to-face contact is essential to build trust and develop relationships. Guilt or innocence is not, as many would have it, simply a case of knowing whether you did the act alleged. There are also mental elements to to consider, such as the perpetrator's intention. Defences such as duress or reasonable excuse may require the defendant to reveal delicate or personal information – they may not feel comfortable doing so to a stranger over a video link, while sitting in a cramped room in a police station. The Pros Saves significant court costs in terms of building, staff, infrastructure, security, transportation costs for all parties to the court proceedings, especially transfer of prisoners from jails. What is happening around the world? In a letter to his colleagues on March 24, Chief Justice of the Republic of South Africa Mogoeng Mogoeng emphasized that the courts “have to stay open in case members of the public want to bring one challenge or another in relation to the constitutionality or validity of the measures being implemented”. The United Kingdom is bringing in emergency legislation, The Coronavirus Bill (2020), to expand the use of the video and audio link to variety of different proceedings including allowing the public to participate in court and tribunal proceedings through audio and video, so as to alleviate any concerns surrounding the issues of open and fair justice. The Way Forward Going forward, it needs to be cons idered carefully by the Supreme Court of India and the Law Commission of India whether relevant rules and in the High Courts as well as in the lower courts can be amended so that video and audio enabled hearings can be take place for the benefit of the public even beyond the COVID-19 lockdown period. The way forward can be considering the following measures –   Significant investment in court and IT infrastructure Clear classification of cases that can be taken care of in the virtual space Records of the existing ongoing cases will have to be digitised. Case-management systems will need to be modified or replaced to allow for new technology and remote access. Records of the proceedings need to be taken care of in terms of its dissemination More importantly, we should still remember that, at no given circumstances, should speed be equated to efficiency, and efficiency is promoted over justice. Connecting the Dots: What do you think will the court rooms of the future entail?

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 13th April 2020

IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 13th April 2020 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Minimum Support Price (MSP) to be implemented for Minor Forest Produces (MFP)  Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – Welfare Schemes; Governance & GS-III – Minimum Support Price In News: Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India (TRIFED) has asked the State Nodal Departments and Implementing Agencies to initiate procurement of Minor Forest Produces (MFPs) under Minimum Support Price for Minor Forest Produce Scheme. Important value additions: Minimum Support Price for Minor Forest Produce Scheme The scheme for forest produce has been started with following objectives: To provide fair price to the MFP gatherers and enhance their income level.  To ensure sustainable harvesting of MFPs. To ensure huge social dividend for MFP gatherers, majority of whom are tribals. Earlier, the scheme was only implemented in States having Schedule areas as listed in the Fifth Schedule of the constitution of India.  Since 2016, the scheme is applicable in all States. Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India (TRIFED)  It came into existence in 1987.  It is a national-level apex organization.  The basic objective of the TRIFED is to provide good price of the 'Minor Forest Produce (MFP) collected by the tribes of the country. It functions under Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Govt. of India. TRIFED has its Head Office at New Delhi.  It has a network of 13 Regional Offices located at various places in the country. Minor Forest Produce (MFP) Section 2(i) of the Forest Rights Act defines a Minor Forest Produce (MFP) as all non-timber forest produce of plant origin and includes bamboo, brushwood, stumps, canes, cocoon, honey, waxes, Lac, tendu/kendu leaves, medicinal plants etc. The definition of “minor forest produce” includes bamboo and cane, thereby changing the categorization of bamboo and cane as “trees” under the Indian Forest Act 1927. Delivery of S-400 air defence missile systems to be on schedule Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – International Relations; Bilateral agreements In News: It has been reported that all the major military contracts between Russia and India, including the deliveries of S-400 air defence missile systems, will be on schedule despite the coronavirus pandemic.  Important value additions: S-400 India had signed a $5 billion deal with Russia to buy the S-400 air defence missile systems in 2018. The system is also known as the ‘Triumf’ interceptor-based missile system. It can simultaneously track numerous incoming objects — all kinds of aircraft, missiles and UAVs — in a radius of 400km and launch appropriate missiles to neutralise them. The S-400 is Russia’s most advanced long-range surface-to-air missile defence system. Russia plans to complete the delivery by 2025. The U.S. imposed sanctions on Russia under the stringent Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA) for manufacturing S-400. The law also provides for punitive action against countries purchasing defence hardware from Russia. India's economic growth to get affected amidst COVID-19  Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Economy & GS-II – Global groupings  In News: According to World Bank's South Asia Economic Focus report, India may record its worst growth performance this fiscal year (2020-21) since the 1991 liberalisation. Coronavirus outbreak is the main cause of severely disrupting the economy.  Key takeaways: India’s economy is expected to grow at 1.5% to 2.8% in the 2020-21.  The World Bank approved USD 1 billion to India to fight the COVID-19 pandemic recently.  Important value additions: The South Asia Economic Focus report  It is a biannual economic update presenting recent economic developments and a near-term economic outlook for South Asia.  It covers South Asian countries - Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.  It aims at providing important background information and timely analysis of key indicators and economic and financial developments.  World Bank It is an international financial institution.  It provides loans and grants to the poorer countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects. It comprises two institutions: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), and the International Development Association (IDA). Headquarter : Washington D.C Pradhan Mantri Janaushadhi Kendra (PMJK): CoronaWarriors delivering affordable quality medicines  Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II - Governance In News: Pradhan Mantri Janaushadhi Kendra (PMJK) people are working as CoronaWarriors to serve the nation in order to contain the COVID-19 pandemic.  Pharmacists at Kendras are delivering quality generic medicines at affordable prices to the common citizens of the country amidst the crisis. Important value additions: Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP)  It is being run by the Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Government of India  PMBJP is also generating awareness through informational posts on their social media platforms. Vision: To bring down the healthcare budget of every citizen of India through providing “Quality generic Medicines at Affordable Prices”. Pradhan Mantri Janaushadhi Kendra is a medical outlet opened under the scheme which makes quality medicines available at affordable prices for all.  “Jan Aushadhi Sugam” mobile app helps in locating nearest Janaushadhi Kendra and availability of medicines with its price. Miscellaneous Anak Krakatau volcano eruption  Indonesia's Anak Krakatau recent volcano eruption is the longest eruption since its explosive collapse in 2018. Anak Krakatoa is an island in the Sunda Strait in the Indonesian province of Lampung. In 1927, Anak Krakatoa emerged from the caldera formed in 1883 by the explosive volcanic eruption that destroyed the island of Krakatoa. Image source: Click here  Bancassurance  Insurance regulator Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) has allowed the four banks, which emerged from the recent mega bank merger exercise, to continue for a year with existing bancassurance agreements. Bancassurance means selling insurance product through banks.  Benefits: On the one hand, the bank earns fee amount and the interest income from the insurance company. On the other hand, the insurance firm increases its market reach and customers.  Government of India notification (Banking Regulation Act), 2000, laid out the Bancassurance clearance. (MAINS FOCUS) GOVERNANCE/ ECONOMY Topic: General Studies 2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors  Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.  COVID-19: Critical Analysis on lockdown India’s present lockdown (to prevent the spread of COVID-19) has been rated as the severest and the most disruptive, impacting a seventh of the world’s population.  The Central government stated that in absence of lockdown, there would have been 800,000 infections by April 15th, 2020 Do You Know? Sweden’s strategy to fight the pandemic has been largely non-interventionist and instead dependent on voluntary social distancing.  Korea has followed a strategy of aggressive, widespread diagnostic testing and isolation coupled with social distancing. Criticisms on Lockdown Lives vs Livelihoods: Extended lockdown negatively impacts the livelihoods of poor and vulnerable sections of society -cure should not be worse than disease Criticality of timing of lockdown:  Early lockdowns are known to be suboptimal because they merely postpone the peak, but do not reduce the numbers Many countries have imposed lockdowns only when infections peaked to levels that threatened the capacity of their healthcare systems Effect on Tropical Countries:   There is also fair likelihood to suspect that tropical country like India may be experiencing a less virulent epidemic than seen in the west This can be either due to higher natural immunity, or vastly different demographics. In such case, all-out lockdown was not an efficient solution Efficient use of intervening time  Failure to train personnel as well as procure the requisite devices, supplies and protective equipment during the lockdown will yield sub-optimal results Alternative Strategy- Herd Immunity It is believed that viral epidemics abate only when around 60-80% of the population acquires “herd-immunity” — either by vaccination or by acquiring the disease. Projection Models:  Several leading global health experts have questioned the numbers projected in the initial studies and forecasts as being inordinately high. Way Forward In place of a one-size-fits-all lockdown, there can be graded containment strategies that can be based upon following factors:  Geographic- depending on the varying locational intensity of the disease Vulnerability-oriented, with differing containment strategies for more vulnerable sections like the aged; and  Sectoral -with a more liberal containment regime in place for essential activities like agriculture Connecting the dots: Challenges of using Herd Immunity as a Strategy Challenges with regard to calibrated exit to lockdown  Source: Indian Express INTERNATIONAL/ GOVERNANCE Topic: General Studies 1, 2 & 3: Effects of globalization on Indian society.  Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests India’s Economic reforms and Investment models COVID-19 and the crumbling world order COVID-19 will fundamentally transform the world especially the following: The world order International Balance of power The future of globalisation Traditional conceptions of national security World Order COVID-19 has exposed that global institutional framework are: Pawn in the hands of the great powers (who created these institutions post WW-II) Undemocratic and unrepresentative in its character Cash-strapped to fight crisis of this scale  Its agenda is focused on high-table security issues and are not designed to serve humanity at large. Post-national regional arrangements like EU also stood clueless when the virus spread like wildfire in Europe. Its member states turned inward for solutions and not regional coordination. Result:  Credibility of the world institutions has been further eroded The global institutional architecture of the 1940s cannot help humanity face the challenges of the 2020s.  Need for new social contract between states and the international system Balance of Power One country that is likely to come out stronger from this crisis is China.  China’s industrial production is recovering even as other countries are taking a hit.  The decline in oil prices will make China’s recovery even faster. China appears to use its manufacturing power to its geopolitical advantage.  Beijing has offered medical aid and expertise to those in need China has increased cooperation with its arch-rival Japan Result:  Beijing’s claims to global leadership will be aided by its manufacturing power It might push Huawei 5G trials as a side bargain China might also showcase the Belt and Road Initiative as the future of global connectivity.  COVID-19 will further push the international system into a world with Chinese characteristics. Future of Globalisation Neoliberal economic globalisation will take a major beating as experts have predicted recession worse than 2008 crisis The profits of big corporations will reduce, and the demand for stability will increase. COVID-19 shock will further catalyse states’ protectionist tendencies fuelled by hyper nationalism.  There will be an increased state intervention to avoid unpredictable supply sources, avoid geopolitically sensitive zones, and national demands for emergency reserves. Result:  Retreat of LPG: Licence-quoto-permit Raj can return State to become omnipresent and omnipotent: Governments will gather more power and surveillance technologies to prevent future such shocks State-led models of globalisation and economic development would be preferred over (big) corporates-led globalisation New-age racism: Questions are likely to be asked about the source of goods and stringent imposition of phytosanitary measures by advanced states on products coming from developing countries Impact on Indian Society: Moral claims based on birth & class and the associated notions about hygiene (purity) could become sharper Conclusion Globally, societies could become more self-seeking and inward-looking Source: The Hindu Connecting the dots: Perils of Licence raj and Crony Capitalism Impact of COVID-19 on India’s caste system (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note:  Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers.  Comments Up-voted by IASbaba are also the “correct answers”. Q.1 Consider the following statements: Minimum Support Price for Minor Forest Produce Scheme is applicable to all states. The basic objective of the TRIFED is to provide good price for all forest produce collected by the tribes of the country. Which of the above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2 Consider the following statements regarding S-400 air defence missile systems: It can simultaneously track numerous incoming objects and launch appropriate missiles to neutralise them. It is long-range surface-to-air missile defence system. Which of the above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.3 Anak Krakatoa island is located in which of the following country? Inodnesia Vietnam Japan South Korea Q.4 Consider the following statements regarding Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana: Its objective is to bring down the healthcare budget of every citizen of India. Jan Aushadhi Sugam mobile app helps in locating nearest Janaushadhi Kendra. Which of the above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 ANSWERS FOR 11th April 2020 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 B 2 A 3 D 4 A 5 C Must Read About options to ease COVID lockdown: The Hindu About impact of COVID-19 on trade: The Hindu About using COVID-19 crisis to transform agri-marketing system: Indian Express

Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent and Creativity

Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity: PAINTING by VARSHA KIRAN!

Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity: PAINTING by VARSHA KIRAN!   Hello Friends, You must be aware of the term ‘catharsis’. It is the process of releasing and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions. Recently we have launched a new initiative by the name Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity! Today's work is PAINTINGS by VARSHA KIRAN.  Well done, Keep it up !! Check out some of the amazing paintings by Varsha.     Be creative and find your catharsis in whichever form of creativity you are comfortable with.  It could be anything- a song, a painting, a poem, a story, a dance performance, rangolis, jokes/humor, culinary skills, mimicry and whatnot. There is no limit to creativity. Just unleash and share it with everyone! Why don’t you share your moments of catharsis with us? UPSC is not only about academics but personality as well. And your personality is shaped by the creativity that you possess.   To know more about Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity' Initiative and the Previous Creative work  -> CLICK HERE We encourage you to keep the comment section alive by sharing your talents and also by commenting and encouraging the talent of your peers. We are also going to be a regular visitor here and will keep on posting the creative works by our talented team members and staff. NOTE- You can also nominate by tagging anyone (if you know about the talent of your friend or anyone) 🙂 You can share your talent/creativity with us on support@iasbaba.com and ilp@iasbaba.com  P.S: Kindly share it in a format that can be published on the website. We believe each one of you have some hidden talent. It’s time that you explore more about yourselves and remain positive throughout this journey. Make the best use of this opportunity! Thank You IASbaba

60 DAYS PROGRAMME-PRELIMS 2020

IASbaba’s 60 Day Plan [Day - 37]- IAS Prelims Test Series 2020 POLITY & CURRENT AFFAIRS

ARCHIVES OF 60 DAY PLAN STRATEGY [VIDEO]: UPSC IAS Preparation Guidance/Tips from Mohan Sir  Dear Students, The 60 Days Training has finally begun:) DAY 37 is here! It is time to Introspect, Ideate and Improve!! We have come-up with articles to instil confidence, motivate you in the present situation. Do read these articles. Mark the words/lines in your dairy. These very lines can be the driving force’ in the time of uncertainty. [STRATEGY] MUST READ: 21 Days of Lockdown-What to do? Introspect, Ideate and Improve !! MUST READ: PRELIMS in Testing Times – Don’t Forget the ‘WHY’; IASbaba’s dedicated HOTLINE for Aspirants and Prelims Postponing Rumours Coronavirus[VIDEO]: Awareness, Myths, Solidarity and Message to All UPSC Aspirants by Mohan Sir Founder IASbaba   To ensure that your preparation goes smoothly and keeping up with our promise, we have come up with a Dedicated HOTLINE (Communication channel) - Connect with BABA for all UPSC/IAS Aspirants. From today, you will be able to speak with the Founders and Core Team of IASbaba on telephone regarding ‘any queries’ related to UPSC preparation in general or Subject-specific doubts. This Hotline, will be in addition to the 'ASK YOUR BABA' (#ASKBABA) thread opened on a daily basis for our 60 Day plan. We will try to make sure that with so much going around these days, you have at least one less thing to worry about.   How to make use of HOTLINE and ASK YOUR BABA (#ASKBABA)? There are 2 initiatives which will be running parallely. 1. HOTLINE - Connect with BABA (5pm - 7pm) The communication channel will be open ONLY for 2 hours Daily (except on Sundays - holiday) from 5pm to 7 pm. Please do not make calls before or after the specified time. As we will be occupied with other daily initiatives running on the website and mentorship. Hope you understand our time constraints. Please note that, call facilities are mainly for queries related to preparation per se like strategies, difficulties in reading a subject, what to read, what not to read, how to manage time, revision, motivation etc. You can call on the numbers given below. For any queries related to - UPSC Preparation (Prelims, Mains, Interview) Strategy & Current Affairs – contact 9986190082 Environment & Science and Technology – contact 9986193016 Polity & Economics – contact 9899291288 Geography & History – contact 9591106864 We have separated General Strategy (Preparation per se – Pre, Mains, Interview) and Current Affairs from other subjects. You can make use of the HOTLINE, as per your needs.   2. ASK YOUR BABA (#ASKBABA) - clear your doubts on the 60 Day Platform (Online from 11 am - 10 pm) Use the disqus comment section of that particular day (60 Day post - For Ex: Today is Day 25) to clear all your subject specific doubts of the day. You can post your queries/doubts with #ASKBABA !! Here, doubts related to the 60 day questions or conceptual clarity in a particular subject can be asked. Your doubts will be cleared on real-time basis (or max within hour it will be answered from the subject experts) If you are genuinely finding difficulty interms of preparing with that particular subject, then you can use 5pm-7pm window to make calls. If you are not able to speak to IASbaba's Team, then you can still post your doubts/queries in the same post of the 60 day initiative. As mentioned above, your doubts will be cleared on real-time basis (or max within hour it will be answered from the subject experts). Make the best use of the communication channel (Ask Your Baba/comment section on daily 60 Day post and calls) provided. We will make sure that, all your queries will be answered to. So we have  tried our bit, to ensure your preparation goes smoothly, you can do your bit by keeping in touch with us via phone/ website to keep yourself going, keep yourself engaged and staying positive during the rough times.   How to make the maximum use of this HOTLINE and #ASKBABA (Disqus comment of 60 Day Plan) on Daily basis? Now, that I have solved 30 mcq’s, what to do next?  How to Analyse my Performance? For Answers to the above Questions  ->CONNECT WITH BABA: IASbaba’s Dedicated HOTLINE for UPSC/IAS Aspirants !!   Note- Download the OMR Sheet and attempt the questions exactly like UPSC Prelims. After you are done, please post your OMR in the comment section. Once the solution key is released (5 PM), cross-check the answers and again, comment the marks (you got) in the same comment thread. This will keep you responsible and sincere in days to come. Also, we need more sets of scores for releasing the cut offs in the night so, requesting all of you to sincerely put your scores in comment section.    You can also take part in discussion with peers.   Q.1) Consider the following statements with respect to federal system of government It incorporates dual government. Constitution might or might not be supreme. Judicial independence is an important feature. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.1) सरकार की संघीय प्रणाली के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें इसमें दोहरी सरकार शामिल होती है। संविधान सर्वोच्च हो भी सकता है और नहीं भी। न्यायिक स्वतंत्रता एक महत्वपूर्ण विशेषता होती है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 2 और 3 1 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.2) Which of the following act as restrictions/exceptions to the legislative power of Parliament to make laws for any part of the territory of India? Union territory of Andaman and Nicobar islands Autonomous districts in Tripura Tribal area in Assam Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.2) निम्नलिखित में से कौन भारतीय क्षेत्र के किसी भी हिस्से के लिए कानून बनाने की संसदीय विधायी शक्ति के लिए प्रतिबंध / अपवाद के रूप में कार्य करता है? अंडमान और निकोबार द्वीप समूह का केंद्र शासित प्रदेश त्रिपुरा में स्वायत्त जिले असम में जनजातीय क्षेत्र नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 2 और 3 1 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.3) Consider the following statements with respect to residuary power of legislation in India The power to make laws with respect to residuary subjects is vested in the Parliament. The residuary power of legislation includes the power to levy residuary taxes. The current scheme of residuary powers has been taken from the Government of India (GoI) Act of 1935. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 1 and 2 1 and 3 All of the above Q.3) भारत में अवशिष्ट शक्ति के विधान के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें अवशिष्ट विषयों के संबंध में कानून बनाने की शक्ति संसद में निहित है। अवशिष्ट शक्ति के विधान में अवशिष्ट कर (residuary taxes) लगाने की शक्ति शामिल है। अवशिष्ट शक्तियों की वर्तमान प्रणाली, भारत सरकार अधिनियम 1935 से ली गई है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 1 और 2 1 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.4) As per Article 252, When the legislatures of two or more states pass resolutions requesting the Parliament to enact laws on a matter in the State List, then the Parliament can make laws for regulating that matter. Such a law can be adopted by states other than those which have passed those resolutions. Such a law can be amended or repealed only by the Parliament and not by the legislatures of the concerned states. Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 is an example of laws passed as per the above provision. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.4) अनुच्छेद 252 के अनुसार, जब दो या दो से अधिक राज्यों की विधानसभाएं संसद से राज्य सूची में किसी मामले पर कानून बनाने का अनुरोध करती हैं, तो संसद उस मामले को विनियमित करने के लिए कानून बना सकती है। इस तरह के कानून को, उन राज्यों के आलावा जिन्होंने प्रस्तावों को पारित किया था, अन्य राज्यों द्वारा भी अपनाया जा सकता है। इस तरह के कानून को केवल संसद द्वारा संशोधित या निरस्त किया जा सकता है, न कि संबंधित राज्यों की विधानसभाओं द्वारा। वन्यजीव (संरक्षण) अधिनियम, 1972 उपरोक्त प्रावधान के अनुसार पारित कानूनों का एक उदाहरण है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 2 और 3 1 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.5) Consider the following statements with respect to the situation involving Rajya Sabha passing a resolution that Parliament should make laws on a matter in the State List Such a resolution is passed using absolute majority. The resolution can be renewed any number of times, but not exceeding one year at a time. This provision restricts the power of a state legislature to make laws on the same matter. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only 1 and 3 2 and 3 Q.5) राज्य सभा में प्रस्ताव पारित करने वाली स्थिति के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें कि संसद को राज्य सूची में किसी मामले पर कानून बनाना चाहिए इस तरह के प्रस्ताव को पूर्ण बहुमत (absolute majority) का उपयोग करके पारित किया जाता है। प्रस्ताव को किसी भी समय नवीनीकृत किया जा सकता है, लेकिन एक बार में एक वर्ष से अधिक के लिए नहीं। यह प्रावधान एक राज्य विधायिका की शक्ति को उसी मामले पर कानून बनाने के लिए प्रतिबंधित करता है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 3 2 और 3 Q.6) Consider the following statements regarding Centre-state relations over legislations The president enjoys absolute veto over bills reserved for his consideration by the governor. Bills on certain matters enumerated in the State List can be introduced in the state legislature only with the previous sanction of the president. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.6) विधानों पर केंद्र-राज्य संबंधों के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें राष्ट्रपति को राज्यपाल द्वारा अपने विचारार्थ आरक्षित बिलों पर पूर्ण वीटो (absolute veto) प्राप्त होता है। राज्य सूची में शामिल कुछ मामलों पर विधेयकों को राष्ट्रपति की पूर्व सहमति के साथ ही राज्य विधायिका में प्रस्तुत किया जा सकता है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.7) Consider the following statements regarding delegation of powers in Centre-state relations The President can entrust to state government any of the executive functions of the Centre, without its consent. The governor of a state with the consent of the Central government can entrust to that government any of the executive functions of the state. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.7) केंद्र-राज्य संबंधों में शक्तियों के प्रत्यायोजन (delegation) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें राष्ट्रपति केंद्र सरकार के किसी भी कार्य को राज्य सरकार को उसकी सहमति के बिना सौंप सकता है। केंद्र सरकार की सहमति से किसी राज्य का राज्यपाल उस सरकार को राज्य के किसी भी कार्यकारी कार्य को सौंप सकता है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.8) The Constitution has placed certain restrictions on the taxing powers of the states A state legislature is prohibited from imposing a tax on the supply of goods or services or both where such supply takes place in the course of import or export. A state legislature can impose a tax in respect of any water, but such a bill should be reserved for the president’s consideration. A state legislature can impose tax on the consumption of electricity by railway. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.8) संविधान ने राज्यों की कर लगाने की शक्तियों पर कुछ प्रतिबंध लगाए हैं एक राज्य विधायिका को वस्तु या सेवाओं या दोनों की आपूर्ति पर कर लगाने से प्रतिबंधित किया जाता है जहां आयात या निर्यात के लिए ऐसी आपूर्ति होती है। एक राज्य विधायिका किसी भी पानी (any water) के संबंध में कर लगा सकती है, लेकिन ऐसा विधेयक राष्ट्रपति के विचार के लिए आरक्षित होना चाहिए। एक राज्य विधायिका रेलवे द्वारा बिजली की खपत पर कर लगा सकती है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 2 और 3 1 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.9) Consider the following statements with respect to statutory grants These have been provided under Article 282 of the Constitution. These are given to the states on the recommendation of the Finance Commission.  These are charged on the Consolidated Fund of India every year. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.9) सांविधिक अनुदानों (statutory grants) के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें ये संविधान के अनुच्छेद 282 के तहत प्रदान किए गए हैं। ये राज्यों को वित्त आयोग की सिफारिश पर दिए जाते हैं। ये प्रति वर्ष भारत के समेकित कोष पर भारित होते हैं। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 2 और 3 1 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.10) Consider the following statements regarding borrowing by the state government The limits for loan that can be taken by a particular state from the Centre is fixed by the Parliament. A state cannot borrow directly from abroad. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.10) राज्य सरकार द्वारा उधार लेने के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें केंद्र से किसी विशेष राज्य द्वारा लिए जा सकने वाले ऋण की सीमाएं संसद द्वारा तय की जाती हैं। एक राज्य सीधे विदेश से उधार नहीं ले सकता है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.11) Consider the following statements regarding Centre-states relations The Centre cannot delegate its legislative powers to the states. A law made by the Parliament on a subject of the Union List can confer powers and impose duties on a state. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.11) केंद्र-राज्यों के संबंधों के बारे में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें केंद्र अपनी विधायी शक्तियों को राज्यों को नहीं सौंप सकता है। संसद द्वारा संघ सूची के एक विषय पर बनाया गया कानून शक्तियों को प्रदान करके किसी राज्य पर शुल्कों को लागू कर सकता है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.12) Which of the following are part of recommendations made by Finance Commission to the President? The distribution of the net proceeds of taxes to be shared between the Centre and the states. The allocation of tax proceeds shared by the Centre between the states. The measures needed to augment the Consolidated fund of a state. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 1 and 2 1 and 3 All of the above Q.12) वित्त आयोग द्वारा राष्ट्रपति को दी गई सिफारिशों में कौन सी सिफारिशें होती हैं? केंद्र और राज्यों के बीच साझा किए जाने वाले करों की शुद्ध आय का वितरण। केंद्र द्वारा राज्यों के बीच साझा की गई कर आय का आवंटन। किसी राज्य के समेकित निधि को बढ़ाने के लिए आवश्यक उपाय। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 1 और 2 1 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.13) Article 262 of the Constitution provides for the adjudication of interstate water disputes. The provisions under it are Parliament can by law provide for the adjudication of any dispute with respect to any inter-state river. President can exclude such disputes from the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.13) संविधान के अनुच्छेद 262 में अंतरराज्यीय जल विवादों के अधिनिर्णयन का प्रावधान है। इसके तहत प्रावधान हैं संसद किसी भी अंतरराज्यीय नदी के संबंध में किसी भी विवाद के अधिनिर्णयन हेतु कानून प्रदान कर सकती है। राष्ट्रपति ऐसे विवादों को सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के अधिकार क्षेत्र से बाहर कर सकता है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.14) Consider the following statements regarding Inter-state council President can define the nature of duties to be performed by such a council and its organisation and procedure. It was set up based on the recommendations of the Sarkaria Commission. Prime Minister serves as the chairman of the council. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.14) अंतर-राज्य परिषद (Inter-state council) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें राष्ट्रपति ऐसे परिषद तथा उसके संगठन और प्रक्रिया द्वारा किए जाने वाले कर्तव्यों की प्रकृति को परिभाषित कर सकते हैं। यह सरकारिया आयोग की सिफारिशों के आधार पर स्थापित किया गया था। प्रधानमंत्री परिषद के अध्यक्ष के रूप में कार्य करता है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 2 और 3 1 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.15) Consider the following statements regarding the Inter-State Water Disputes Act It empowers the Parliament to set up an ad hoc tribunal for the adjudication of dispute between states regarding inter-state river. The decision of the tribunal would be final and binding on the parties to the dispute. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.15) अंतरराज्यीय जल विवाद अधिनियम के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें यह संसद को अंतर-राज्यीय नदी के संबंध में राज्यों के बीच विवाद के अधिनिर्णयन के लिए एक तदर्थ न्यायाधिकरण स्थापित करने का अधिकार देता है। न्यायाधिकरण का निर्णय अंतिम तथा विवाद के पक्षकारों के लिए बाध्यकारी होगा। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.16) Consider the following statements regarding Zonal Councils The Zonal Councils are the statutory bodies. Prime Minister acts as Chairman for the councils. These have been established on the recommendations of Sarkaria Commission. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 1 and 2 1 and 3 All of the above Q.16) आंचलिक परिषदों (Zonal Councils) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें आंचलिक परिषदें सांविधिक निकाय हैं। प्रधानमंत्री परिषदों के अध्यक्ष के रूप में कार्य करते हैं। ये सरकारिया आयोग की सिफारिशों पर स्थापित किए गए हैं। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 1 और 2 1 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.17) Consider the following statements regarding inter-state trade and commerce Parliament can impose restrictions on the freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse between the states in public interest. The legislature of a state can impose reasonable restrictions on the freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse with a state in public interest. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.17) अंतर-राज्यीय व्यापार और वाणिज्य (inter-state trade and commerce) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें संसद सार्वजनिक हित में राज्यों के बीच व्यापार, वाणिज्य और आवागमन की स्वतंत्रता पर प्रतिबंध लगा सकती है। किसी राज्य की विधायिका सार्वजनिक हित में राज्य के साथ व्यापार, वाणिज्य और आवागमन की स्वतंत्रता पर उचित प्रतिबंध लगा सकती है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.18) Consider the following statements regarding All India Services Members of All-India services hold office during the pleasure of the president. Disciplinary action against these officers can be taken by both the Central government as well as the state governments. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.18) अखिल भारतीय सेवाओं (All India Services) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें अखिल भारतीय सेवाओं के सदस्य राष्ट्रपति के प्रसादपर्यंत कार्यालय में बने रहते हैं। इन अधिकारियों के खिलाफ अनुशासनात्मक कार्रवाई केंद्र सरकार और राज्य सरकारों दोनों द्वारा की जा सकती है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.19) Consider the following statements The executive power of the Centre extends to the whole of India in respect to the matters on which the Parliament has exclusive power of legislation. In respect to the subjects mentioned in the Concurrent list, the executive power by default rests with the Centre. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.19) निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें केंद्र की कार्यकारी शक्ति उन मामलों के संबंध में पूरे भारत में विस्तारित होती है, जिन पर संसद के पास कानून बनाने की विशेष शक्ति है। समवर्ती सूची में उल्लिखित विषयों के संबंध में, कार्यकारी शक्ति स्वाभाविक रूप से (by default) केंद्र के पास होती है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.20) The Centre is empowered to give directions to the states with regard to the exercise of their executive power in which of the following matters Communication Railways Agriculture Linguistic minority groups Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 2 and 3 1, 2 and 4 All of the above Q.20) केंद्र को निम्नलिखित मामलों में से अपनी कार्यकारी शक्ति के प्रयोग के संबंध में, राज्यों को निर्देश देने का अधिकार है संचार रेलवे कृषि भाषाई अल्पसंख्यक समूह नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 2 और 3 1,2 और 4 उपरोक्त सभी Q.21) With reference to Global Consortium for Governance of Digital Currency, consider the following statements: The consortium will aim for increasing access to the financial system through inclusive, innovative, and inter-operable policy solutions. It is launched at the G20 Summit held at Riyadh. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only  Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.21) डिजिटल मुद्रा के शासन के लिए वैश्विक कंसोर्टियम (Global Consortium for Governance of Digital Currency) के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: कंसोर्टियम समावेशी, नवीन और अंतर-संचालन नीति समाधानों के माध्यम से वित्तीय प्रणाली तक पहुंच बढ़ाने का लक्ष्य रखेगा। इसे रियाद में आयोजित जी 20 शिखर सम्मेलन में लॉन्च किया गया है। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 केवल 2  1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.22) Which of the following Constitutional Amendments modified Article 312 to include an All India Judicial Service? 24th Constitution (Amendment) Act 38th Constitution (Amendment) Act 42nd Constitution (Amendment) Act 44th  Constitution (Amendment) Act Q.22) निम्नलिखित में से किस संवैधानिक संशोधन ने अनुच्छेद 312 को एक अखिल भारतीय न्यायिक सेवा को शामिल करने के लिए संशोधित किया? 24 वाँ संविधान (संशोधन) अधिनियम 38 वाँ संविधान (संशोधन) अधिनियम 42 वाँ संविधान (संशोधन) अधिनियम 44 वाँ संविधान (संशोधन) अधिनियम Q.23) Consider the following pairs:               River  Tributary of     1. Indravati Mahanadi    2. Ghataprabha Krishna    3. Kabini Cauvery   Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched? 1 and 2 only 3 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.23) निम्नलिखित युग्मों पर विचार करें:                            नदी                               सहायक नदी    1. इंद्रावती                                    महानदी    2. घाटप्रभा                                      कृष्णा    3. काबिनी                                     कावेरी   ऊपर दिए गए युग्मों में से कौन सा सही तरीके से सुमेलित है? केवल 1 और 2 केवल 3 केवल 2 और 3 1, 2 और 3 Q.24) Yuelu Proclamation aims to protect and promote which of the following? Human rights Linguistic diversity Intellectual Property  Public Health Q.24) युएलु उद्घोषणा (Yuelu Proclamation) का उद्देश्य, निम्नलिखित में से किसकी रक्षा और संवर्धन करना है? मानवाधिकार भाषाई विविधता बौद्धिक सम्पदा सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य Q.25) India’s first Super Fab Lab was inaugurated in which of the following cities? Pune Hyderabad Bengaluru Kochi Q.25) भारत की पहली सुपर फैब लैब (Super Fab Lab) का उद्घाटन निम्नलिखित शहरों में से किस में किया गया था? पुणे हैदराबाद बेंगलुरु कोच्चि Q.26) Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched? Patola Saree – Punjab Dhanu Jatra – Odisha Lai Haroba – Tripura Select the correct statements 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.26) निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा युग्म सही रूप से सुमेलित है / हैं? पटोला साड़ी - पंजाब धनु जात्रा - ओडिशा लाई हरोबा - त्रिपुरा सही कथनों का चयन करें 1 और 2 2 और 3 1 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.27) Vakataka Dynasty was spread over which of the following states? Andhra Pradesh Maharashtra  Madhya Pradesh Gujarat Chhattisgarh Select the correct code: 1, 2, 3 and 5 2 and 3 2, 3 and 4 All of the above Q.27) वाकाटक राजवंश निम्नलिखित में से किन राज्यों में फैला था? आंध्र प्रदेश महाराष्ट्र मध्य प्रदेश गुजरात छत्तीसगढ़ सही कूट का चयन करें: 1, 2, 3 और 5 2 और 3 2, 3 और 4 उपरोक्त सभी Q.28) ‘Servants of the People Society’ was founded by Lala Lajpat Rai Lokmanya Tilak Vinoba Bhave Lala Hansraj Q.28) ‘सर्वेंट्स ऑफ द पीपुल सोसाइटी’ (Servants of the People Society) किसके द्वारा स्थापित किया गया था लाला लाजपत राय लोकमान्य तिलक विनोबा भावे लाला हंसराज Q.29) ‘Dasarathi Satakam’ was written by Kancharla Gopanna Tallapaka Annamayya Tyagaraja Kshetrayya Q.29) 'दशरथि सतकम' (Dasarathi Satakam) किसके द्वारा लिखा गया था कंचरला गोपन्ना तल्पाक अन्नामय त्यागराज क्षेत्रय्या Q.30) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Senna spectabilis’. It has become an invasive alien species of India. It is native to South and Central America. Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.30) 'सेना स्पेक्टबिलिस' (Senna spectabilis) के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। यह भारत में एक आक्रामक विदेशी प्रजाति (invasive alien species) बन गई है। यह दक्षिण और मध्य अमेरिका की मूल प्रजाति है। सही कथनों का चयन करें केवल 1 केवल 2  1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 DOWNLOAD THE SOLUTION ENGLISH HINDI NOTE- Follow this for Comments Mention- Time Taken after solving the Test After the release of Solution Edit your Comment to Mention-  Correct/Incorrect and Score 2 Marks for Correct/0.66 minus for Incorrect. DOWNLOAD THE 60 DAYS PLAN 2020  PRELIMS EXCLUSIVE CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASSES (12 SESSIONS-By Tauseef Sir): STARTING 15 APRIL- JOIN NOW! All the Best! IASbaba

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BABA'S GYAN: #ASKBABA and 1000+ Calls on HOTLINE !!!

BABA'S GYAN: #ASKBABA and 1000+ Calls on HOTLINE !!! Dear Students, Today, we just completed 1000+ calls on Hotline! It’s been 2 weeks since we launched our Hotline initiative. We have already spoken to (over the phone) 1000+ students Pan India; touched upon atleast 24 States across the country. We are overwhelmed and thankful to the students for such a wonderful response and also for showing faith in us. Every single call gave us an opportunity to share our knowledge and experience to solve your unique queries and add on to your knowledge and confidence. Students/Aspirants were happy to share their queries and get it cleared in real-time from the Founders and Core team of IASbaba. Infact, we enjoyed interacting with all of you. Looking forward to more such productive interactions and mutual learnings! We are happy to do our bit; guiding you through this uncertain phase. As Mentors, this is the least we can do from our team. Sorry, if we could not answer all your calls, as the phones kept ringing and students had many things to ask. You can call us any day of the week between 5pm -7pm (except on Sundays). It is our humble request that, please stick to the calling hours for HOTLINE initiative (from 5pm-7pm). And you can also use #ASKBABA (a separate initiative) on 60 day posts and get your Subject-specific doubts cleared between 11am – 10 pm on the website. Overall it was a wonderful experience. See you again next week! If you were happy with our response, you can give your feedback by commenting below.   Continuing with our effort of guiding students in the time of need, Mohan Sir (Founder of IASbaba) was LIVE on YouTube on 8th April. Questions like - Will the Prelims exam get postponed? Optimum number of questions to be attempted? Time management? How to increase my scores in test?How to read and revise current affairs? How to use 60 day plan effectively and many more were taken up in this session. MUST WATCH - STRATEGY [VIDEO]: UPSC IAS Preparation Guidance/Tips from Mohan Sir, IASbaba Founder   NEW INITIATIVES: To Connect with Baba & know more about HOTLINE & #ASKBABA initiative  -> CLICK HERE Beat the Heat of Current Affairs this year (2020) -PRELIMS EXCLUSIVE: CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASSES (12 SESSIONS-By Tauseef Sir): JOIN NOW! NEW Initiative -LOCKDOWN & YOU – Unlock Your Talent & Creativity! -> CLICK HERE   MUST READ - For Motivation Coronavirus: Awareness, Myths, Solidarity and Message to All UPSC Aspirants by Mohan Sir Founder IASbaba MUST READ: PRELIMS in Testing Times – Don’t Forget the ‘WHY’; IASbaba’s dedicated HOTLINE for Aspirants and Prelims Postponing Rumours [STRATEGY] MUST READ: 21 Days of Lockdown -What to do? Introspect, Ideate and Improve !!   To get Regular Updates from IASbaba, follow- 👉 TELEGRAM Channel - https://t.me/IASbabaOfficialAccount 👉 YOUTUBE  -  https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChvbVdio9Wgj7Z3nQz1Q0ZQ 👉 FACEBOOK  - https://www.facebook.com/iasbaba/ Also, SUBSCRIBE to the WEBSITE Below, so that you don't miss out on important posts! Thank You IASbaba

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