Posts

RSTV Video

RSTV IAS UPSC – The Third Child Norms

The Third Child Norms Archives TOPIC: General Studies 2 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. In News: Uttarakhand High Court has struck down a state government rule denying leave to women employees for the birth of their third child as “unconstitutional” and said it was against the “letter and spirit” of the Constitution that calls for “just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief”. The court said the second provision of Fundamental Rule 153 of the Uttar Pradesh fundamental rules, as adopted by Uttarakhand, goes against a central act as well as the Article 42 of the Constitution. “This proviso is contrary to Section 27 of the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961. Section 27 of the Act, 1961 does not prohibit, in any manner, to grant of maternity leave to a female government servant, who has already two children at the time of submission of an application for maternity leave, after giving birth to a third child,” the single bench of Justice Rajiv Sharma ruled. Justice Sharma gave the directions while hearing a writ petition of Urmila Masih, who had applied for a maternity leave for almost six months in 2015. The court issued the orders on July 30 but its copy was made available on Thursday. The court directed the state government to provide leave to Masih, who belongs to Haldwani in Nainital district and works as a nurse at a government hospital, within six weeks. Masih had said that the government's rule to not provide maternity benefits in case of a third child violates Article 42 of the Constitution of India and Section 27 of the Maternity Benefit Act.  The government challenged the order of the single bench by filing a special appeal and contending that the petitioner could not claim benefits of the maternity act as she already had two children and could not be granted maternity leave for her third child in consonance with the "second provision of the fundamental rule 153". Article 42 of the Constitution  Provides for “just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief” “ Argument by the Court: Article 42 of the Constitution is under directive principles of state policy and its provisions cannot be enforced. Maternity Benefit Act of India The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961, protects the employment of women during the time of her maternity and entitles her full paid absence from work to take care of her child. It is applicable to all private and government establishments, employing 10 or more people. An amendment to the maternity benefit act was passed in the Rajya Sabha in August 2016 and in the Lok Sabha in March 2017, and received an assent from President of India in March 2017, with its provisions coming into effect from April 1, 2017. The amendment increased the duration of paid maternity leave available for women employees from the 12 weeks to 26 weeks and in case of women, who are expecting their third child, the duration of paid maternity leave was fixed at 12 weeks. Connecting the Dots: Do you agree with the decision? Discuss the implications of your answer.

Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 27th September 2019

IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 27th September 2019 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) OIC asks India to revoke actions on Kashmir Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS-II –India and world In News India had revoked Article 370 in Jammu & Kashmir which provided the state with special status and bifurcated the state into two Union Territories in August 2019 OIC asks India to revoke these actions and provide assurances that it will not change the occupied territory’s demographic composition and not allow non-Kashmiris to acquire property or residency in J&K India position has been that it is an internal matter of India and no need of any international interference in the issue About OIC The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) is the second largest inter-governmental organisation after the UN, with the membership of 57 states, covering four continents. India overcame a five-decade-old hurdle when it was invited to OIC meet earlier in March 2019 based on India’s ‘global stature’ , ‘islamic component’ and support from UAE, Bangladesh etc India discusses Chabahar with Iran Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS-II- International relations – India & World In News PM Modi met Iranian President on the sidelines of UNGA meet and discussed about Chahbahar port of Iran, which India is helping to develop Iran’s Chabahar port is a strategic project that would connect India, Afghanistan and Iran to Central Asia, while circumventing Pakistan Iran is facing sanctions from USA after Washington pulled out of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) impacting the progress on port project. About JCPOA It an international deal to limit Iran’s nuclear program in return for lifting economic sanctions imposed on Iran by West It was signed by Iran and the P5+1 (China France, Germany, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) on July 14, 2015 Do you know? India, the world's third biggest oil consumer, meets more than 80 per cent of its oil needs through imports. Iran was its third largest supplier after Iraq and Saudi Arabia till recently when US sanctions has stopped India’s oil trade with Iran ECI cell to monitor Social Media Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS-II – Model Code of Conduct In News Election Commission of India (ECI) is setting up a dedicated cell to monitor activities on social media platforms ahead of the assembly polls in Maharashtra The cell will mainly be keeping an eye out for three kinds of violations. The first kind is any content being shared that might amount to defamation, rumour-mongering or fake news, and such instances will be forwarded to the concerned police units for further action. The second is violation of the model code of conduct(MCC), which will be reported to the ECI. Example holding live events on Facebook or Instagram when campaigning is forbidden. The third category is of posts that might give rise to law and order problems, in which case they will be removed from the internet. Do You Know? As per Article 324 of the Indian ConstItution, ECI has the supervisory and directional control of the complete processof election to Parliament and Legislature of every State and to the office of the President and the Vice-President of India. MCC lays down the minimum standards of behaviour for political parties and their candidates contesting elections. The MCC comes into effect as soon as the EC announces the election schedule. MCC doesn’t have statutory backing in the form of legislation but has acquire significance in the past decade, because of its strict enforcement by the EC. UNSC allows Hafiz Saeed banking access Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS-II –International Organisation The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) 1267 Committee has allowed Pakistan-based UN-designated terrorist Hafiz Saeed limited access to his otherwise sanctioned bank account. The decision is in response to a request made by Pakistan 1267 Committee - a UNSC committee formed in the year 1999,through UNSC resolution 1267, designates and sanctions terrorist entities and individuals. Tobacco Quitline Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS-II - Health Launched in 2018, QuitLineis a dedicated toll-free number that helps tobacco users to receive free support and guidance to subdue their addiction. The quit-line number must also be printed on all tobacco products manufactured India is the fourth country in Asia after Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore to have this government helpline for those looking at quitting tobacco. Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) -Tobacco use has gone down by 6% from 34.6 per cent of the country's adult population in 2009-10 to 28.6 per cent in 2016-17. The 85% pictorial warnings on all cigarettes, bidis and chewing tobacco packages manufactured and sold in India have resulted in 92% of adults [surveyed under GATS 2016-2017] believing that smoking caused serious illness, and 96% saying that use of smokeless tobacco causes serious illness Miscellaneous 200th birth anniversary of Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar It was observed on 26 September He is forerunner of Bengal renaissance, great social reformer (girl education & against Polygamy), writer, educationist and Sanskrit scholar He also rationalized and simplified the Bengali alphabet & type, thus called the father of modern Bengali language. He was instrumental in passage Widow Marriage Act 1856, which gave legal recognition to the marriage of widows. Dermatoglyphics Multiple Intelligence Test (DMIT) Called as alternative IQ testing method, this test uses the unique fingerprints and dermal ridge patterns of individuals to measure or access intelligence, activate brain lobe functioning and predicting future behaviour. The Indian Psychiatric Society has called such tests as unscientific and cautioned parents to not indulge their children in such activities (MAINS FOCUS) CLIMATE CHANGE TOPIC: General Studies 3: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment Climate change action Context The UN Climate Change Summit, 2019 was recently held in New York. The key focus of the summit is to accelerate the actions to implement Paris agreement. Did you know? Climate change is a change in the usual weather found in a place. This could be a change in how much rain a place usually gets in a year. Or it could be a change in a place's usual temperature for a month or season. Climate change is also a change in Earth's climate. This could be a change in Earth's usual temperature. Or it could be a change in where rain and snow usually fall on Earth. Evidences of  climate change across the world: Sea level rise is accelerating, and oceans have become 26% more acidic since the dawn of the Industrial era. Europe saw the highest temperatures ever in recorded history. (Paris recorded its highest temperature of 42.6°C) Hurricane Dorian rendered large parts of the Bahamas unliveable; simultaneous raging fires in the Amazon, central Africa and even Siberia. heat wave in France and Germany Nearly 500 species have become extinct in just the last century. We are depleting 25% more natural resources than the planet can sustain right now. Evidences of  climate change across India: Cyclones such as Thane, Vardah, Ockhi and Gaja have affected Tamil Nadu Chennai floods in 2015. Floods in Assam, Himachal Pradesh and Bihar this year Mumbai received record monsoon rains. Kerala witnessed floods for the second consecutive year. Cyclone Fani devastated Odisha, Cyclone Vayu ravaged Gujarat this year. Causes: indiscriminate use of fossil fuels. The increase in global temperatures started with the industrial revolution Industries, vehicles, burning of fossil fuels, thermal power plants and large-scale rearing of cattle are emitting heat-trapping greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. The main cause of climate change is global warming, which has many negative consequences on physical, biological and human systems, as well as other effects. Consequences of the climate change drastically affect agriculture , the production of rice, wheat, maize and soya will decrease significantly give birth to newer infections and illness. This imbalance will in turn affect the economy which will lead to conflict, war and global unrest. sea levels will rise and submerge coastal cities Way forward: climate change cannot be avoided. We can mitigate its effects and adapt to its consequences These actions are known as climate change mitigation and adaptation measures. Like launching actions to reduce and limit greenhouse gas emissions with the aim of preventing the global temperature improving infrastructure and making facilities safer and more resilient, reforesting and landscape restoration, water treatment and purification, flexible and varied farming to be prepared for natural catastrophes invest in research and development into the behavior of temperature or possible occurrence of atmospheric phenomena. Research and international collaboration are essential to combat climate change,.like IPCC , Paris agreements ,conference of the Parties (COP) ,the Montreal Protocol The Paris Agreement. Immediate steps to be taken : The Indian government should declare a climate emergency immediately. Immediate policy changes should include reducing the usage of fossil fuels by half by 2030, encouraging the use of public transport, increasing forest area, promoting non-conventional energy, devising good water management policies, implementing the plastic ban stringently, banning the burning of waste, Promoting innovative urban planning policies and reducing mass rearing of cattle for human consumption. Conclusion: It is the duty of every human and government to take steps to stop the climate crisis. Let us all join together to save the only planet we have. Connecting the dots: The Indian government must take corrective measures immediately to combat climate change. Justify FOOD PROCESSING  TOPIC:General Studies 2 Food processing and related industries in India- scope and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management. The food industry’s role in sustainable development Context: Over 820 million people are chronically hungry. Over two billion suffer from micronutrient deficiencies, Around 650 million adults are obese, (due to ultra-processed foods that are stuffed with sugar, saturated fats and other chemical additives) Problems with agro-industries: agro-industrial practices are the main cause of deforestation, freshwater depletion and pollution, soil erosion, and the collapse of biodiversity. human-induced climate change is also  caused by the food sector and affecting crop production. Some facts about Food industry in India: The Food & Grocery market in India is the sixth largest in the world. Food & Grocery retail market in India further constitutes almost 65% of the total retail market in India. The Government of India through the Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI) is also taking all necessary steps to boost investments in the food processing industry. The government has sanctioned 42 Mega Food Parks (MFPs) to be set up in the country under the Mega Food Park Scheme. By 2024, the Food Processing industry will potentially attract $ 33 bn investments and generate employment for 9 mn people 100% FDI is permitted under the automatic route in Food processing industries. Remedies: In 2015, all 193 members of the United Nations agreed unanimously to two vital agreements. The first, called Agenda 2030, adopts 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a roadmap to human well-being and planetary safety. The second, the Paris climate agreement, commits the world’s governments to taking decisive action to keep global warming to less than 1.50 Both the SDGs and the Paris agreement require decisive changes in practices by the food industry. How SDG helps? SDG tackles overconsumption and food waste is essential in ensuring sustainable consumption and production patterns,( The food wasted in Europe alone would be enough to feed all the hungry people in the world two times over) ,Reducing food waste would also minimize environmental impacts generated by the agriculture. Present scenario: Very few industries report on the healthfulness of their product lines or how their products contribute to healthy and sustainable dietary patterns. Very few industries recognize that they are part of the environmental crisis Industries don’t report in detail on their tax practices. What must be done? All companies in the food sector to adopt clear guidelines, metrics and reporting standards to align with the global goals The industry has to change to promote healthy diets. the company’s production practices must be sustainable Ex: many companies are engaged in chemical pollution, massive waste from packaging, deforestation, excessive and poorly targeted fertilizer use, and other environmental ills. the company’s upstream suppliers must be sustainable i.e No consumer food company should use products from farms that contribute to deforestation. aggressive tax practices that exploit legal loopholes should be avoided, as they deprive governments of the revenues needed to promote SDGs. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a collection of 17 global goals set by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015 for the year 2030. (the 2030 Agenda) Conclusion: Feeding a planet of 7.7 billion people is no easy matter. Every person on the planet needs, expects, and has the right to a healthy diet. Every farmer needs, expects, and has the right to a decent livelihood. world leaders must keep in mind one crucial fact that  the world’s people are demanding change. We have the know-how and wealth to achieve a prosperous, inclusive, and sustainable world. Connecting the dots: Decisive changes in today’s agro-industrial practices are needed to ensure the environmental crisis does not get any worse. Analyse (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note:  Featured Comments and comments Up-voted by IASbaba are the “correct answers”. IASbaba App users – Team IASbaba will provide correct answers in comment section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1)Consider the following statements about Organisation of Islamic Cooperation(OIC) It is the second largest inter-governmental organisation after the UN, with the membership of 57 states, covering four continents. India became a member of this organisation in March 2019 Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2)Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action often seen in news is related to which of the following area? Trade agreement between Asia-Pacific countries Counter terrorism action in Syria Nuclear restrictions on Iran None of the above Q.3)Chabahar port is located in which country? Pakistan Iraq Iran None of the above Q.4)Consider the following statements about Model Code of Conduct(MCC) The MCC comes into effect as soon as the Election Commission announces the election schedule. MCC has statutory backing through Representation of People Act, 1951 Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct? 1 only 2only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.5)Consider the following statements about 1267 Committee It is a committee formed in the year 1999, under inter-governmental organisation FATF (Financial Action Task force) It designates and sanctions terrorist entities and individuals Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct? 1 only 2only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 MUST READ  Subject to people’s will: On Karnataka bypolls  The Hindu   Institutions weakened, economy crippled The Hindu Last week’s big bang reforms will remove obstacles in efficient use of capital Indian Express Economic growth requires protection from expropriation of property by individuals, State Indian Express

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz - 2020 : IAS Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 80

UPSC Quiz - 2020 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 80 Archives Q.1) Which of the following dams is NOT built on Krishna River? Srisailam Dam Nagarjuna Sagar Dam Jayakwadi Dam Almatti Dam Q.2) Consider the following statements with respect with respect to ‘Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar’ He strongly opposed to the then prevailing custom of Kulin Brahmin polygamy. He received the moniker 'Vidyasagar', from Sanskrit College for his knowledge in the language and philosophy. Select the correct statements  1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.3) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Call Money Rate’. Call money rate is the rate at which short term funds are borrowed and lent in the money market. The duration of the call money loan is 7 days. Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.4) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Right Livelihood Award’ It is promoted as an "Alternative Nobel Prize". It is presented by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.5) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Project NETRA’ It is an Indian, light-weight, autonomous UAV for surveillance and reconnaissance operations. It is developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 To Download the Solution - Click here All the Best  IASbaba

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz - 2020 : IAS Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 79

UPSC Quiz - 2020 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 79 Archives Q.1) ‘Exercise Malabar’ is an exercise between navies of India and USA and Japan Israel and France South Africa and Singapore Sri Lanka and Bangladesh Q.2) Which of the following statements with respect to ‘CPGRAMS’ is true? It is a single window system for Candidates and Political Parties to apply for permissions It is a Vehicle Management System with the facility of Issuance of requisition letters for vehicles It is a Public Grievance Redressal System with respect to ‘Right to Information (RTI)’ matters None of the above Q.3) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Global Goalkeeper Award’ The award celebrates a political leader who has "demonstrated their commitment to the Global Goals through impactful work in their country and/or globally. It is a "special recognition" by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.4) Which of the following statements is/are correct? Article 35 of the UN Charter says that any member of the UN may take a dispute to the Security Council or General Assembly, if the parties to a dispute that has the potential for endangering international peace are not able to resolve the matter through negotiations between them. Article 51 of the UN Charter says that a UN member has the “inherent right of individual or collective self-defence” if attacked, “till such time that the Security Council has taken measures necessary to maintain international peace and security”. Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.5) Which of the following statements is/are correct? Methane can be synthesised with water and carbon dioxide in space. Methane burns on its own upon coming in contact with oxygen. Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 To Download the Solution - Click here All the Best  IASbaba

Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 26th September 2019

IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 26th September 2019 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Impeachment Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS-II - Polity In News Impeachment is the levelling of charges against an elected official by a legislative body. If the charges are proved right, it leads to removal of official from the post. Formal impeachment inquiry has been launched against US President Donald Trump for his alleged abuse of Presidential powers US impeachment process The US House of representative (435 members) needs to pass the impeachment motion by a simple majority, after investigation by judiciary committee The motion of Impeachment then goes to the Senate (Upper House consisting of 100 members), where a trial presided by Chief Justice takes place with representative from House acting as prosecutors and the President & his attorneys presenting his defence A two-third majority in Senate is necessary to convict and remove the President. If the President is convicted, the Vice-President takes over the White House for remaining period of tenure. Indian Impeachment process In India, President can be impeached for violation of the Constitution (Article 61) The motion for impeaching President can be introduced in any House of Parliament. After the investigation, the motion of impeachment must be passed by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the House by both Houses of the Parliament. Nuclear Supplier Group (NSG) Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS-II- International relations – India & World In News PM Modi pitches for India’s entry to NSG during his address in the Bloomberg Global Business Forum About NSG NSG is a multilateral export control regime and a group of nuclear supplier countries that seek to prevent nuclear proliferation by controlling the export of materials, equipment, and technology that can be used to manufacture nuclear weapons. NSG controls most of the world’s nuclear trade  NSG formed in 1974 consists of 48 members which include the five nuclear weapon states US, UK, France, China, and Russia.  It is not a formal organization (but an informal grouping), and its guidelines are not binding. Decisions, including on membership, are made by consensus While US and other countries support India’s entry into NSG, China has opposed it saying India has not signed Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty About NPT Non-proliferation Treaty is an international treaty, which came into force in 1970 with the objective of preventing the spread of nuclear technology and nuclear weapons India refused to sign NPT because  The NPT defines “nuclear weapons states” as those that tested devices before 1967, which means India cannot ever be one.  No fixed timelines have been mentioned for disarmament NPT is unfair treaty as nuclear weapon states have no obligation to give them up while non-nuclear states are not allowed to have them. The nuclear powers were convinced that NPT alone would not halt the spread of nuclear weapons. Consequently, NSG was formed in 1974 to control supply of nuclear fuel and technology. Higher Education Bill Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS-III – Education and governance In News A bill that aims to create a single regulator for higher education, replacing UGC and AICTE, is likely to be introduced in winter session of Parliament The bill proposes to bring all areas of higher education – including technical, architectural and legal courses- under the ambit of Single Umbrella body HECI (Higher Education Commission of India) Medical education, however, will not come under HECI according to draft bill About UGS & AICTE UGC and AICTE are autonomous bodies which oversee the accreditation, regulation and maintenance of teaching, examination and research standards for Universities& technical education institutions across the country These academic functions will now be moved to the new HECI Issues with fund devolution Earlier, AICTE and UGC were also responsible for disbursing public funds to Universities and colleges.  There was proposal to bring these fund devolution powers directly under the HRD Minister but due to opposition on the fear of misuse, this provision was dropped in recent draft of the bill.  Instead, a new autonomous body will be created to supervise the doling out of funds to higher education institutions. India-Pacific Islands Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS-II – International Affairs In News India announced USD 150 million line of credit to the group of Pacific Island Nations for solar, renewable energy and climate related projects during the India-Pacific Islands Developing States (PSIDS) Leaders' Meeting India also announced allocation of 12 million dollars grant (1 million dollar to each PSIDS) towards implementation of high impact developmental project in the area of their choice. India's relationship with Pacific Island nations has deepened with the evolution of Act East Policy, resulting in the setting up of the action-oriented Forum for India-Pacific Island Cooperation (FIPIC). The first and second editions of the FIPIC took place in Fiji (2015) and Jaipur (2016),3rd FIPIC Summit to be held in Port Moresby in first half of 2020. New IPCC report warns of dire threat to oceans Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS-III – Environmental Conservation In News According to its report, the ocean is projected to transition to unprecedented conditions with increased temperatures, further ocean acidification, marine heatwaves and more frequent extreme El Niño and La Niña events Global ocean has warmed unabated since 1970 and has taken up more than 90% of the excess heat in the climate system Since 1993, the rate of ocean warming has more than doubled. Marine heatwaves have very likely doubled in frequency since 1982 and are increasing in intensity. About IPCC IPCC was established in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to assess climate change based on the latest science. It acts as the apex referee for scientific evidence on the impact of global warming  Rise in Mobile Phone Exports Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS-III – Economy In News Mobile phone exports grew over eight-fold to Rs 11,200 crore in 2018-19 over 2017-18 figures though on a small base and has exceeded imports for first time Total number of handsets produced in India reached 29 crores units values at 1.81 lakh crore rupees in 2018-19 which was earlier only 5.8 crore units in 2014-15 values at 18,900 crore rupees India’s policy push for Electronics India has set “Net Zero imports” in electronics by 2020 under Digital India roadmap released in 2014 For mobile handset segment alone, the government under the National Policy on Electronics 2019 had set a target of making 100 crore mobile handsets indigenously by 2025 valued at about 13 lakh crore rupees. Out of 100 mobile handset manufacturing target, 60 crore will be for exports values at about 7 lakh crore rupees. Miscellaneous Global Goalkeeper award PM Modi received the Global Goalkeeper Award for the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan The Global Goalkeeper Award is a "special recognition" by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The award celebrates a political leader who has "demonstrated their commitment to the Global Goals through impactful work in their country and/or globally." About Swachh Bharat Mission Launched in 2014, Swachh Bharat Mission aims to accelerate the efforts to achieve universal sanitation coverage in the country.  About 90 million toilets have been built to eliminate open defecation by October 2, 2019. At present, 98% of Indian villages have rural sanitation coverage instead of 38% four years ago. Rantidine Drug regulators caution against ranitidine use following concerns over its contamination by cancer causing agents Rantidine is an antacid - medication which decreases stomach acid production. It is commonly used in treatment of peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease. (MAINS FOCUS) BIO-TECHNOLOGY TOPIC: General Studies 3: Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights Context: India is among the first countries to set up a specialised agency for the development of research and human resources in the biotechnology sector. Modern biotechnological research is expensive.  It requires a highly trained and skilled workforce and access to expensive instruments. What is Biotechnology? Biotechnology is the broad area of biology involving living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms it often overlaps with the (related) fields of molecular biology, bio-engineering, biomedical engineering, bio manufacturing, molecular engineering, etc biotechnology has expanded to include new and diverse sciences such as genomics, recombinant gene techniques, applied immunology, and development of pharmaceutical therapies and diagnostic tests Did you know: Genomics is an interdisciplinary field of biology focusing on the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes. A genome is an organism's complete set of DNA, including all of its genes. (PREVIOUS UPSC PRELIMS  QUESTION ) Did you know: Most of the high-quality research output has come from a handful of institutions with better scientific infrastructure. why? due to a “publish or perish” culture that incentivises numbers over quality. Over the years, the focus of research has slowly shifted from fundamental to applied research and asking for quick returns. Compared to the developed economies (the United States), biotechnology research in India is mainly funded by the public exchequer. Employment  : In India, unlike the IT sector no  creation of jobs in biotechnology.  low wages of scientists (compared to the developed economies)   research often requires access to laboratories with high-end scientific infrastructure, The supply of expensive chemicals and reagents with minimum shipping time between the supplier and the user disciplined work culture and documentation practice due to regulatory and intellectual property filing requirement Biotechnology products and solutions often require ethical and regulatory clearance, making the process long, expensive and cumbersome. nature of the work in the biotechnology sector is specialised, hence most jobs are filled with experienced and skilled scientists leaving the demand for young and inexperienced ones low. Chinese example: Unlike India, China has many more labs with the best of scientific infrastructure;   Chinese students and scientists outnumber Indians nearly 5:1 in most American universities in the life sciences/biology-related disciplines. A booming economy and a higher science budget coupled with a flexible hiring system have made Chinese universities and research labs attract many overseas Chinese scientists. Boston and Silicon Valley in the U.S example : The availability of funding, infrastructure and skilled workforce,  the presence of top-notch research institutions and universities in the vicinity  make these two places among the most attractive locations for biotech startup companies anywhere. Innovation, entrepreneurship, and technology creation: The government has been supporting biotech entrepreneurs. Initiatives through the Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC) of the Department of Biotechnology The government is very encouraging and promoting entrepreneurship, but the culture of institutions and scientists to be entrepreneurial will take time. Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC)  is a not-for-profit  Enterprise, set up by Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India  Interface Agency to strengthen and empower the emerging Biotech enterprise to undertake strategic research and innovation, addressing nationally relevant product development needs. BIRAC’s aim is to play a transformative and catalytic role in building a US$ 100 billion Indian bioeconomy. Way forward: The fruits of applied research will only come when we start investing in basic research without asking for quick returns. The government should encourage and incentivise the private sector to invest substantially in applied research Our government needs to make the process of hiring in our universities and national labs simpler and flexible, not necessarily provide more salary, to attract the bright overseas Indian scientists. academia-industry linkage will do the much-required communication and understanding of the problems at both ends. What has to be done: Flexible policy in the institutes to allow scientists incubate startup companies in their labs while retaining their positions.  The government should let scientists from research institutions and universities take unpaid leave to join the industry for a fixed period.  The government should relax rules to appoint researchers from industry in faculty positions with the freedom to teach, participate, and take students.  A sustained effort in encouraging and promoting science-driven innovation in our academic institutions A robust academia-industry collaboration, biotechnology-led innovation  Conclusion: One needs to go beyond the traditional indicators such as the numbers of institutions formed, students and scientists trained, and the number of patents filed to judge the sector’s performance, and its impact on the economy and society as a whole. unlike the IT sector, a sustained innovation and product development model in the biotechnology field without enriching the academic institutions is not possible. Connecting the dots: has the biotechnology sector lived up to its promise? Or was it all faux optimism? Analyze Why has India not produced another Jagadish Chandra Bose or G.N. Ramachandran despite the biotechnology research budget growing several folds? HEALTH TOPIC:General Studies 2 Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources. Ayushman Bharat Introduction: Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme having central sector component under Ayushman Bharat Mission anchored in the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW).  It is an umbrella of two major health initiatives, namely Health and wellness Centres and National  Health Protection Scheme. The journey of Ayushman Bharat started in Jangla in Chhattisgarh. Health and Wellness Centres Under this 1.5 lakh existing sub centres will bring health care system closer to the homes of people in the form of Health and wellness centres.  These centres will provide comprehensive health care, including for non-communicable diseases and maternal and child health services. National Health Protection Mission (AB-PMJAY) AB-PMJAY provides a defined benefit cover of Rs. 5 lakh per family per year. This cover will take care of almost all secondary care and most of tertiary care procedures. The benefit cover will also include pre and post-hospitalisation expenses. PM-JAY has sought to cover a population larger than that of Canada, United States and Mexico put together. Implementation  At the national level to manage, a National Health Agency has been set up. States/ UTs are advised to implement the scheme by a dedicated entity called State Health Agency (SHA). Several states have merged their many ongoing schemes with PMJAY to make implementation simpler for both beneficiaries and participating hospitals.  Ex: Karnataka has merged seven different existing schemes into one, while Kerala has merged three different schemes. Criticisms: India has made solid progress in reducing deaths from common non-communicable diseases, such as cancer, and heart and lung diseases, but not enough to meet international targets, like the Sustainable Development Goals.  India is also falling behind on maternal and child mortality measures, number of doctors, and hospital beds. Although India is the third largest producer, by volume, of generic medicines, there are problems with their accessibility. Even with the introduction of AB, 70% of healthcare expense are out of pocket (due to cost of medicines) Due to delays and backlogs at the Indian Patent Office, it takes between five and seven years for a patent to be examined, meaning patients will not access a new medicine until many years after its global launch. In India, bureaucracy and red tape adds further delays of around 400-500 days Data: Access to medicines stands at less than 35% in many Indian states India spends far too little, overall, on healthcare—3.66% of GDP (Centre and states combined) compared to the minimum of 6% of GDP recommended by the World Health Organisation. Way forward: There are several low-cost steps the government could take immediately to improve and accelerate access to medicines to reduce non-communicable disease mortality. These involve cutting red tape, taxes, and barriers to trade. There is GST of 5% on most medicines and  a 12% GST on a wide range of other important medical supplies, including bandages and sterile gauze, diabetic monitoring equipment, photographic plates used in x-rays, and so on. Which must be dealt with. It would be an easy win for the government to abolish GST, and tariffs on medicines and medical supplies. (Many countries have done it) The government, should look to eliminate as many of superfluous regulations as possible. Such as Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) include inefficient customs procedures, red-tape, and hidden taxes and also burdensome labelling and packaging requirements. Patent related red tapes must be reduced Example :  Mexico and a number of Gulf states have taken steps to reduce drug registration backlogs by entering into cooperation agreements with other mature drug regulatory authorities. India must do so Conclusion: Ayushman Bharat has provided a platform and framework for the country to accelerate its progress towards comprehensive universal healthcare. As the Ayushman Bharat revolution unfolds, we are optimistic that India will make sure healthcare is no longer a privilege and is available to every Indian. Connecting the dots: Although India is the third largest producer, by volume, of generic medicines, there are problems with their accessibility. Critically analyze. (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note:  Featured Comments and comments Up-voted by IASbaba are the “correct answers”. IASbaba App users – Team IASbaba will provide correct answers in comment section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1)Global Goalkeeper Award is given by which organisation/body ? UNESCO World Economic Forum Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Amnesty International Q.2)Consider the following statements India has set “Net Zero imports” in electronics by 2020 under Digital India roadmap released in 2014 The government under the National Policy on Electronics 2019 had set a target of making 100 crore mobile handsets indigenously by 2025 valued at about 13 lakh crore rupees Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.3)Ranitidine often seen in the news is related to which area? Vaccine against Dengue Indigenously developed drug to treat Drug resistant-TB Antacid None of the above Q.4)Consider the following statements  IPCC was established in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to assess climate change based on the latest science. Global ocean has warmed unabated since 1970 and has taken up nearly 20% of the excess heat in the climate system while the rest of excess heating has led to rise in atmospheric temperature Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct? 1 only 2only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.5)Consider the following statements about Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) NSG is part of UNO which controls the world trade in nuclear material and nuclear technology India is a member of the group Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct? 1 only 2only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 MUST READ The meaning of oneness in ‘one nation’  The Hindu Live and let live-in  The Hindu Lessons for India in UK apex court order that upholds democratic accountability of parliament Indian Express A hundred small steps Indian Express A new India where all citizens have an equal shot at pursuit of their own happiness  Indian Express

RSTV Video

RSTV IAS UPSC – Ban of Single Use of Plastic and Waste Management

Ban of Single Use of Plastic and Waste Management Archives   TOPIC: General Studies 3 Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation In 5 minutes, around the time it takes to read this piece, around 5 million plastic bottles will be bought around the world, many of those in India. According to a UNEP report, more than 60 countries have some form of regulation — ban or taxes — on production and use of plastic. But enforcement has not been robust, and only about 30 per cent of the countries reported a drop in consumption. India's own record in implementing plastic bans has been poor. But by raising the pitch on plastic use, the government is hoping to make more manufacturers comply to regulations. If not recycled, plastic can take a thousand years to decompose, according to UN Environment, the United Nations Environment Programme. At landfills, it disintegrates into small fragments and leaches carcinogenic metals into groundwater. Plastic is highly inflammable — a reason why landfills are frequently ablaze, releasing toxic gases into the environment. It floats on the sea surface and ends up clogging airways of marine animals. In June 2018, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that India would eliminate single-use plastics by 2022. India generated 26,000 tonnes per day (TPD) of plastic waste in 2017-18, the latest year for which data is available, according to the Central Pollution Control Board. Of that, 15,600 TPD, or 60 per cent , was recycled. The rest ended up as litter on roads, in landfills or in streams. Uncollected plastic waste poses a huge threat to species on land and in water. Around eight million tonnes of plastic waste enter the ocean every year. The river Ganga alone took 1.15 lakh tonnes of plastic into the ocean in 2015, second only to China’s Yangtze, according to a research paper published in Nature Communications magazine. India’s plastic recycling rate is 60 per cent , three times higher than the global average of 20 per cent , and India’s per capita plastic consumption — at 11 kg in 2014-15 — is less than half the global average of 28 kg. In 2016, India said it wanted to increase the per capita plastic use to 20 kg by 2022.  The Issue: Since half the plastic now produced is meant to be used only once, India has to figure out what plastic it wants to use and ban — and how it will recycle all that trash. India lacks an organised system for management of plastic waste, leading to widespread littering across its towns and cities. The ban on the first six items of single-use plastics will clip 5% to 10% from India’s annual consumption of about 14 million tonnes of plastic, the first official said. Penalties for violations of the ban will probably take effect after an initial six-month period to allow people time to adopt alternatives, officials said. Some Indian states have already outlawed polythene bags. The federal government also plans tougher environmental standards for plastic products and will insist on the use of recyclable plastic only, the first source said. It will also ask e-commerce companies to cut back on plastic packaging that makes up nearly 40% of India’s annual plastic consumption, officials say. Use & Reuse A key step in that direction was Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) under the Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016, which were amended last year. As part of EPR, producers, importers and brand owners — like fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) and pharma companies — are supposed to take back the plastic waste generated by their products, with the help of waste-management companies Companies are trying to shift to single-polymer packaging, which would make it recyclable. The Challenge: While India is one of 63 countries with EPR, its guidelines for the same continue to be vague. There isn’t much clarity on how much of single-use plastic a company puts out needs to be taken back by it. There is no mechanism to implement EPR. Even if the government chooses to ban certain plastics, there is a big question mark on how effective it will be. Plastic is cheap and convenient, and as long as there is demand for it, people are going to manufacture it. Unlike urban local bodies, gram panchayats may not have the resources to do routine checks on plastic use. Maharashtra is among the 23 states that have fully or partially banned plastic bags, but that has not stopped people from using them. The cigarette butt is the most commonly found litter on beaches and in rivers and lakes. A global coastal clean-up drive in 2018 found 5.7 million of them. Plastic waste management The Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016 notified by the Centre called for a ban on “non-recyclable and multi-layered” packaging by March 2018, and a ban on carry bags of thickness less than 50 microns (which is about the thickness of a strand of human hair). The Rules were amended in 2018, with changes that activists say favoured the plastic industry and allowed manufacturers an escape route. The 2016 Rules did not mention SUPs. Single-use plastic alternatives There is no viable alternative as of now for single-use plastic items.  The alternative to single-use plastic items, especially single-use plastic bottles, which are used to sell packaged drinking water, needs to be affordable for the consumers. A drinking water bottle, which costs Rs 20 currently, cannot be priced higher than that. Further, customers have shown confidence in the sealed water bottles over the years and hence, the alternative should also be up to the mark.  Since recycling of plastic is not a permanent solution, manufacturers of single-use plastic have been asked to look for other alternatives that are biodegradable. Railway ministry, which manufactures and sells packaged drinking water 'Rail Neer' is also looking for alternatives including polymers to make their packaging biodegradable.   Are alternatives such as compostable or biodegradable plastics viable? Although compostable, biodegradable or even edible plastics made from various materials such as bagasse (the residue after extracting juice from sugarcane), corn starch, and grain flour are promoted as alternatives, these currently have limitations of scale and cost. Some biodegradable packaging materials require specific microorganisms to be broken down, while compostable cups and plates made of polylactic acid, a popular resource derived from biomass such as corn starch, require industrial composters. On the other hand, articles made through a different process involving potato and corn starch have done better in normal conditions, going by the experience in Britain. Seaweed is also emerging as a choice to make edible containers. In India, though, in the absence of robust testing and certification to verify claims made by producers, spurious biodegradable and compostable plastics are entering the marketplace. In January this year, the CPCB said that 12 companies were marketing carry bags and products marked ‘compostable’ without any certification, and asked the respective State Pollution Control Boards to take action on these units. A ban on single-use plastic items would have to therefore lay down a comprehensive mAechanism to certify the materials marketed as alternatives, and the specific process required to biodegrade or compost them. A movement against plastic waste would have to prioritise the reduction of single-use plastic such as multi-layer packaging, bread bags, food wrap, and protective packaging. Consumers often have no choice in the matter. Other parts of the campaign must focus on tested biodegradable and compostable alternatives for plates, cutlery and cups, rigorous segregation of waste and scaled up recycling. City municipal authorities play a key role here. The Way Ahead – How to get rid of the plastic menace? Leading a grassroots movement to support the adoption of a global framework to regulate plastic pollution. Educating, mobilising and activating citizens across the globe to demand that governments and corporations control and clean up plastic pollution. Educating people worldwide to take personal responsibility for plastic pollution by choosing to reject, reduce, reuse and recycle plastics. Promoting local government regulatory and other efforts to tackle plastic pollution. Education and responsibility are only one side of the coin, however; the other side is infrastructure. The technology to create a circular economy by means of recycling does in fact exist, but the infrastructure needed to fully implement it is seriously lacking. Of all the plastic waste produced in the world, less than 10% is recovered due in large part to the lack of infrastructure both at home and abroad. Must Read: Link 1 + Dangers of Plastic + Are We Drinking Plastic? Connecting the Dots: What are the sustainable strategies to address the problem of plastic including e-waste? Discuss.

Important Articles

UPSC MAINS PAPER 2019 ETHICS (GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 4) : ANALYSIS, APPROACH and REFERENCES-How IASbaba was Helpful

UPSC MAINS PAPER 2019 ETHICS (GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 4) : ANALYSIS, APPROACH and REFERENCES-How IASbaba was Helpful Read GS 1 and GS 2 Here Dear Aspirants, We are all engaged in some or the other activity. When there is no passion attached to the activity, we call it a ‘job’. When an activity has passion behind it, it becomes ‘joy’. We have been doing one thing with great passion and dedication for the last 5 years. Yes! We love to guide civil servant aspirants. We have dedicated ourselves into creating an ecosystem that gives even a person sitting in the remotest corner to crack the prestigious civil services examination with Rank-1. In this process, we have developed, designed and dedicated a series of initiatives for civil services preparation. The quality of these initiatives have been proven time and again. It has become the norm to have high hit ratios in Prelims and Mains from the initiatives of IASbaba, namely Integrated Learning Programme (ILP) and Think Learn and Perform (TLP). This article is not to boast about the HIT RATE of our initiatives in any case. It would be an injustice to say that these many questions, directly or indirectly came from our initiatives using keywords of the UPSC questions. In that way, if we frame questions over the year on all keywords in UPSC syllabus our hit ratio will be 100%. However, you are smart enough to analyse the importance of our initiatives and its very close resemblance to actual UPSC papers.   Rather than numbers focus on its significance and make it a part of your preparation. You should work on the smart study and smart thinking to keep your inputs minimum and maximize the output. Below we have come up with the Analysis and Approach for each question of ETHICS General Studies (GS) Paper 4 that was asked by UPSC along with the links and references of IASbaba questions/ articles. Needless to say- if you are regular with the initiatives of IASbaba, your chances of clearing the most coveted examination of India is really high. We at IASbaba are expecting bigger and better results this year!! UPSC MAINS 2019 ETHICS GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 4 OVERVIEW of ETHICS: GENERAL STUDIES (GS) PAPER 4: The pattern of the paper remains the same as the previous year. Section-A is for 130 marks and Section-B consisting of six case studies is for 120 marks. Regarding Section-A The marking pattern in Section-A remains the same. Question number 6 has three sub questions which are quotes given by moral philosophers/thinkers which is on similar lines of the previous year question paper. Many of the questions in this section demands only a basic understanding of the terms mentioned in the syllabus. However, many questions have two parts, with the second part generally demanding the application of the understanding. Regarding Section-B The length of the Case Studies is smaller compared to the previous year. Only in one case study, the examiner is asking about the options available. Most of the case studies demand to suggest some measures with respect to the major issue in that particular case. This requires a stronghold on the Syllabus. For example, if we see the last case study (Q12), the case mentioned above will not help much in answering the questions given below. In order to answer these questions, we need to know the institutional measures regarding the issues mentioned. Similarly, Q.10 is asking about the consequences of politicization of bureaucracy. This cannot be answered just by reading the case study. It requires prior knowledge on the same. Even in Q.8 the second part of the question needs to be answered with prior knowledge. Like measures to be taken to ensure that honest civil servants are not implicated for bonafide mistakes on their part. To sum up, we can say that UPSC is checking your theoretical knowledge and solution-oriented bureaucrat by explaining the context of the question in the case studies. Q1. (a) What are the basic principles of public life? Illustrate any three with suitable examples. (150 words) (10 marks)       LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This question asks about the principles one should follow in public life. Here, you need to explain in brief the principles of public life like Selflessness, integrity, objectivity, accountability, openness, honesty, leadership. Then pick any three among them and explain with examples. Example: Integrity: A.P.J Abdul Kalam has borne travel expenses (to come to his swearing in ceremony) for his family in his personal capacity. Honesty: Shanmugam Manjunath a sales officer (grade A officer) for the Indian Oil Corporation had performed his duty honestly by sealing a corrupt petrol station in UP for selling adulterated fuel, though it led to his murder later. Leadership: Armstrong pame leading the way in constructing the 100km road. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP VALUE ADD NOTES- Ethics- An Approach ILP Mains Mock Q1. (b) What do you understand by the term ‘public servant’? Reflect on the expected role of public servant.  (150 words) (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This is a direct question on the role of public servant. Here you need to define the term public servant in Introduction.  Then in body part, mention role of public servant in detail with examples. A person who works for the government (Centre, State, Local) such as a teacher, IAS officer, police officers, Judge etc is known as a public servant. A public servant values public good over his/her personal interests. A public servant while performing his role should exercise certain values like accountability, integrity, honesty, committed to service, effective implementation of policy, leadership, service delivery, empathy towards the vulnerable section. Example on the expected role of civil servants: Rajni Sekhri Sibal (ex-Director of Primary Education) was transferred for not cooperating to change the results of JBT (JBT teachers recruitment scam) . Being committed to service and possessing the values of honesty and integrity, she has made sure that no one can tamper with the results. SR Sankaran (fondly called as ‘People’s Officer’) possessing the values of empathy and compassion strived towards the abolition of bonded labour. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP VALUE ADD NOTES- Ethics- An Approach ILP Mains Mock Q2. (a) Effective utilization of public funds is crucial to meet development goals. Critically examine the reasons for under-utilization and mis-utilization of public funds and their implications. (150 words) (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question is about leakages and corruption in expenditure management. You need to address why effective utilization is crucial to meet development goals. Address reasons for under- utilization and mis-utilization of funds and their implications. Then Conclude by giving the measures for the same. Reasons- corruption and leakage, reckless and wasteful expenditure, high revenue expenditure, lack of scientific approach. Example: Under-utilization: In the year 2015-16, out of a total grant of Rs 9,000 crore that was made available for modernisation of Police Department, states utilised around Rs 1330 crore (14%) Mis- utilization: Department of north eastern region - Misuse of Rs 900 crore in Arunachal Pradesh through various centrally sponsored schemes related to non-lapsable central pool of resources (NLCPR) and North Eastern Council (NEC) According to a report, 56% of Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao (to address the declining child sex ratio and women empowerment) funds is spent on advertisement and only 25% used for actual work. IASBABA REFERENCE: Wrongful utilisation of public funds is a serious concern in governance in India. Examine the structural and institutional factors leading to this problem. What measures have been taken by the government to address this problem? Discuss (TLP Plus/Offline 2019)  Examine the challenges in the efficient utilisation of public funds in India? How are those being addressed? (C2C/TLP Offline Test-15) Q2. (b) “Non-performance of duty by a public servant is a form of corruption”. Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer (150 words) (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question is asking you whether non-performance or not doing one’s duty by public servants is a form of corruption? In the introduction, define corruption (monetary and non-monetary – misusing the power of authority to favour any person/party). Then in the body part, start by agreeing, yes it is a form of corruption, and justify with examples. Then give the other side also and justify with example. Corruption is the abuse of entrusted power for private gain. Non-performance of duty by a public servant is not a form of corruption: it may be due to lack of coordination, lack of human power and budget. Example: Justice M.Katju recusing himself from hearing an appeal filed by Novartis. He recused from his duty to preclude fears of bias. Non-performance of duty by a public servant is a form of corruption: expecting money for his/her responsibility, lethargic attitude or maintaining the status-quo for favouring a person/party. Example: A total of 225 Government officers are punished for non-performance during 2017-2018. Failure to act is an actionable wrong as much as any malafide action by such public servant--District Court Judge in Delhi SBI officials were alleged for their laxity in filing a plea seeking that Vijay Malya be barred from leaving the country.  IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP VAN-ETHICS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION People’s indifference is the best breeding ground for corruption to grow. Do you agree? Critically analyze.  (TLP plus/Offline Test-4) Q3. (a) What is meant by the term ‘constitutional morality’? How does one uphold constitutional morality? (150 words) (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This is a straight forward question asking you to explain the term constitutional morality and how can one uphold constitutional morality. The principles governing with right or wrong has evolved with time. During ancient time religion and societal norms served as the basis for morality but in modern times Constitution should serve as basis for morality. Constitutional morality means adherence to the core principles of constitutional democracy. The answer can then elaborate on some of these principles like rule of law, equality, liberty, justice, tolerance and fraternity. Example: Tensions created when ancient morality clashes with Constitutional morality by citing examples of Sabrimala entry issue, LGBTQ rights etc. The second part of the question can be addressed by citing the importance of education, awareness about fundamental duties and active citizen participation in Politics which helps in upholding Constitutional morality. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP MAINS VAN- Constitutional Morality The protest against the apex court’s verdict on Sabarimala temple has exposed the deep-rooted cultural taboos towards gender issues. Do you agree? Is it possible to reconcile public opinion and constitutional morality in this case? Comment. (CAF- Day 1) https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/09/day-1-q-3-the-protest-against-the-apex-courts-verdict-on-sabarimala-temple-has-exposed-the-deep-rooted-cultural-taboos-towards-gender-issues-do-you-agree-is-it-possible-to-reconcile-publi/ Q3. (b) What is meant by ‘crisis of conscience’? How does it manifest in the public domain? (150 words) (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The answer can begin by defining what is meant by crisis of conscience’ and later how does it show up in the public domain. ‘Crisis of conscience’ is a situation in which someone feels worried or uncomfortable because they have done something which they think is wrong or immoral In public it manifests in the form of ethical dilemmas and wrong decisions taken often overlooking the larger public interest/our own value system. It leads to realization of mistakes committed and the need to rectify it. Example: Because of the crisis of conscience’, post-Chauri Chaura incident (non-violent movement turning to be a violent movement) Gandhiji had to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1922, though many national leaders were against the withdrawal. Resignation of Gopinath Kannan (J&K; IAS Officer) citing denial of 'freedom of expression' to the people of Jammu and Kashmir was not acceptable to him. Resignation of Sasikanth Senthil (Karnataka IAS Officer) citing that fundamental building blocks of democracy are being compromised in an unprecedented manner The answer can end with the teachings of Gandhi who said that one should always listen to voice of conscience during crisis period. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP VAN-ETHICS How does one’s conscience help in ethical decision making? Illustrate. (TLP Phase-2 2019) https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/09/day-57-q-3-how-does-ones-conscience-help-in-ethical-decision-making-illustrate/ In public life, conscience and not laws, rules or regulations inspire ethical behaviour. Do you agree? Critically examine. (TLP Phase 2 2018) https://iasbaba.com/2018/01/synopsis-iasbabas-tlp-2018-upsc-mains-general-studies-questions-5th-january-2018-day-30/ Q4. (a) Explain the basic principles of citizens’ charter movement and bring out its importance. (150 words) (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question is a direct one that needs to first define Citizen charter, explain the basic principles of citizens’ charter movement and then bring out the significance of the movement. A citizen's charter is basically a set of commitments made by the organization regarding the standard of service, delivery time and grievance redressal mechanism. The six principles of the Citizen charter movement are: (i) Quality: Improving the quality of services; (ii) Choice: Wherever possible; (iii) Standards: Specify what to expect and how to act if standards are not met; (iv) Value: For the taxpayers money; (v) Accountability: Individuals and Organisations; and (vi) Transparency: Rules/ Procedures/ Schemes/Grievances. The answer can expand on these principles and the progress made by India with regard to Citizen Charter. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP VAN-ETHICS What purpose do citizen charters serve? Is it effective in India? Critically comment. (TLP Phase 2 2018) https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2018/08/day-40-q-2-what-purpose-do-citizen-charters-serve-is-it-effective-in-india-critically-comment/ Q4. (b) There is a view that the official secrets act is an obstacle to the implementation of the Rights to Information act. Do you agree with the view? Discuss (150 words) (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question is asking your opinion on the statement ‘Is official secrets act (OSA) an obstacle to the implementation of Rights to Information act’. You need to prove whether the 2 acts (official secrets and RTI) are in conflict, is there any misuse of the provisions of Official secrets act or compatible. Initially, you should give a brief background about the Right to Information (RTI) Act and the intention behind such historic legislation. You can quote SC observation which stated that RTI is inherent in Right to freedom of expression (Article 19) The second part of the answer needs to elaborate on the origin of the Official Secrets Act (Colonial times) and merits in its continuance (National Security). The colonial-era law meant for ensuring secrecy and confidentiality in governance, mostly on national security and espionage issues, has often been cited by authorities for refusing to divulge information. Governments have also faced criticism for misusing the law against journalists and whistleblowers. The third part of the answer should bring out the conflicts between these two acts and the possibility of misuse of OSA in denying information under RTI Act which hampers the democratic functioning of the country. The OSA does not define “secret” or “official secrets”. Public servants could deny any information terming it a “secret” when asked under the RTI Act. The 2nd ARC report stated that as the OSA’s background is the colonial climate of mistrust of people and the primacy of public officials in dealing with the citizens, it created a culture of secrecy. “Confidentiality became the norm and disclosure the exception,” it said. This tendency was challenged when the Right to Information Act came into existence. In the concluding part, the answer can take a stand by suggesting to narrow the definition/ambit of Official Secrets act so as to safeguard National Security as well as to not hinder transparency under RTI. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP VAN-ETHICS Q.5 (a) What do you understand by probity in governance? Based on your understanding of the term, suggest measures for ensuring probity in government. (150 words) (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This question consists of two parts, of which the first one is asking about your understanding of probity in governance and the second is asking to write the measures to ensure such probity. Firstly, define probity and explain about probity by giving examples/case study. Based on the explanation given about probity in the first part, one must suggest some measures which will ensure probity in Government. Probity is the act of strict adherence to the highest principles and ideals (integrity, good character, honesty, decency) rather than just avoiding corrupt or dishonest conduct. It balances service to the community against the self-interest of individuals. Moreover, Probity has been described as a risk management approach ensuring procedural integrity. Measures:  Public servants should be held personally responsible for their mala fide acts in the discharge of their functions as public servants. The necessity for a law providing for confiscation of illegally acquired assets by public servants. The Hota Committee had also drawn attention to the delays and procedural aspects therein which prevent disciplinary penalties from becoming a tool for ensuring efficiency and probity. As a society, we must evolve to a level where probity becomes a way of life, where honesty is a routine expectation IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP VAN-ETHICS  What is ‘probity’? Why is it a desirable attribute to have for a civil servant? Examine. (TLP Phase-2 2019) https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/09/day-59-q-3-what-is-probity-why-is-it-a-desirable-attribute-to-have-for-a-civil-servant-examine/ Examine the concept and application of ‘probity in governance’. (TLP Phase-1 2019) https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2018/12/day-35-q-1-examine-the-concept-and-application-of-probity-in-governance/ Probity is a much broader concept than merely ‘honesty’ or ‘financial rectitude’. Do you agree? Substantiate. (C2C/TLP Offline 2019 GS-4 Full Mock) Q.5 (b) “Emotional Intelligence is the ability to make your emotions work for you instead of against you.” Do you agree with this view? Discuss. (150 words) (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The first line of the question itself is defining emotional intelligence. According to statement emotional intelligence is nothing but making proper use (intelligent use) of the emotions such that the emotions will benefit an individual instead of causing harm.The second part of the question is asking your view on the statement given. Emotional intelligence (EI) refers to the capability of a person to manage and control his or her emotions and possess the ability to control the emotions of others as well. Examples: Emotions working against an individual: IAS officer Mukesh Pandey (DM of Buxar) committed suicide due to some personal emotions/issues (Sadness, frustration) Emotionally Intelligent: P.V. Sindhu losing in two consecutive Badminton World Championships finals won the 2019 Badminton World Championships. (Converted disappointment, frustration to Grit and Success) IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP VAN-ETHICS What qualities make a person ‘emotionally intelligent’? Explain. (C2C 2019/TLP offline Test-10) Is an emotionally intelligent person a better administrator? Illustrate. (TLP Plus/Offline Test-9) A person’s ability to perceive, identify and manage emotions allows him to develop the kinds of social and emotional competencies that are important for success in almost any job. Elucidate. (ILP MAINS) Q.6 What do each of the following quotations mean to you? LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The quotation given by the thinker/moral philosopher should be first explained in simple terms. Then one must provide real life examples/case studies which will fit in to such an explanation. One can also provide counter-arguments. However, they must be substantiated with examples and case studies. 6 (a) “An unexamined life is not worth living.” – Socrates (150 words) (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: When Socrates said, “The life which is unexamined is not worth living”, the philosopher was telling us that we should carefully analyse our actions, a piece of advice for which he should be admired. One must constantly examine their life in order to improve their quality of life. Provide examples which will help in explaining the quote. Examples: M Gandhiji - Continuously examined the steps taken by him in the struggle in South Africa which helped him to evolve the tool of Satyagraha. A Einstein -Constant examining of his failures has led him to revolutionise scientific thoughts on space, time, gravity and light. Counter Argument: Socrates’ statement does instigate discussion, but it doesn’t necessarily apply to everyone’s way of life and what makes or doesn’t make their life worth living. The theory that all lives that are unexamined don’t have a purpose and should not be lived is unreasonable and simply not true. There is a lot more that contributes to a person’s happiness and well-being besides ‘examining their lives’. Factors such as life experiences, being with family, things to be thankful for, memories, and reaching success in life. Everything that makes one happy, and a happy life should most definitely be lived whether its examined or not. IASBABA REFERENCE: “An unexamined life is not worth living.” (TLP Plus/offline 2019, ILP MAINS MOCK- Test-9)   6 (b) “A man is but the product of his thoughts. What he thinks, he becomes.” – M.K.Gandhi (150 words) (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The quote by Gandhi conveys that a man is what he thinks. Gandhi emphasizes upon the importance of thoughts and its role in shaping an individual. Explain about the importance of thoughts and how they play a major role in shaping an individual. Give some examples which showcases the importance of thoughts and influence of thoughts on an individual/society. What he thinks, he becomes’ explains that a man can be described by the kind of thoughts he chooses. Thoughts can be either positive or negative. It can be good or bad, happy or sad. Since he thinks about it, he attracts it into his life. Examples: Hitler - in the context of killings of Jews is influenced by his thoughts of Racial superiority. Mother Teresa - Thoughts filled with Compassion and Empathy, served the people with leprosy. Counter Argument: Just thoughts alone cannot make a person to become what he/she wants to be. Our actions too must be compatible with our thoughts as how we think and visualize it. If you want to become a cricket player in the future, you must not practice football now. If we want to become rich someday, we should not be lazy in the present moment. Thoughts should be backed by necessary actions. IASBABA REFERENCE: All that we are is the result of what we have thought. (C2C/TLP OFFLINE (Phase 2) Test-5). 6 (c) “Where there is righteousness in the heart, there is beauty in the character. When there is beauty in the character, there is harmony in the home. When there is harmony in the home, there is order in the nation. When there is order in the nation, there is peace in the world.” – A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (150 words) (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: In this quote Abdul Kalam has linked righteousness in the heart to multiple layers and finally to the peace in the world. An individual with righteousness in the heart can contribute towards global peace is the underlying theme of this quote. Righteousness is the quality of being morally correct. After defining righteousness, one must explain how righteousness in the heart will ultimately lead to peace in the world. In this regard, one can explain upon all the interconnections which will lead to a peaceful world. Examples: K.Gandhi: Righteousness in the Heart made Gandhiji a strong character, where he never buckled under any pressure and always stuck to his principles of non-violence (Satyagraha), which in turn led to mass mobilization, creation of oneness’ in the country (bringing order in the nation) and he finally emphasized upon Sarva Dharma Samabhava to quell divisions that had begun to develop between Hindus and Muslims toward the end of the British Raj (bringing in peace) Nelson Mandela: Righteousness in the Heart- gave equal right to the Whites in South Africa which has led to order in the nation contributing to world peace. IASBABA REFERENCE: Case Studies:   Q7. You are heading the rescue operations in an area affected by severe natural calamity, thousands of people are rendered homeless and deprived of food, drinking water and other basic amenities. Rescue work has been disrupted by heavy rainfall and damaged to supply routes. The local people are seeding with anger against the delayed limited rescue operations. When your team reaches the affected area, the people there heckle and even assault some of the team members. One of your team member is even severely injured. Faced with this crisis some team member plead with you to call off the operations freeing threats to their life. In such trying circumstances, what will be your response? Examine the qualities of a public servant which will be required to manage the situations. (250 words) (20 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: Subject Matter of the Case Study: This case study shows you the challenges that an officer faces in Disaster Management process. This type of situation will be faced by majority of public/civil servants, as India is prone to frequent floods and droughts across the country. Ethical Dilemma:  Integrity, honesty, Compassion, and Commitment VS Self-protection. Content: Here you need to first understand the ground level situation and then take spontaneous action. In the first part, you need to mention the steps you will be taking to bring the situation under control and then in the second part of the answer you need to list out the qualities that are required by the public servant in such situations. Examples: Leadership capabilities like Emotional intelligence, Empathy, compassion, Sensitivity of the situation, Accountability, Respect for colleagues and protecting them etc. Your answer here should be practical and not very idealistic or extremes. You need to show here your capacity and capabilities to handle such a situation and to prove why you can be a good civil servant. IASBABA REFERENCE: You are posted in one of the worst flood-affected districts in a South Indian state. Thousands have got displaced by the floods and there is pressure from your political bosses to tackle the floods with better efficiency and deeper engagement with people. A notorious local leader is trying to provoke the affected people by spreading rumours that the administration is siphoning off the money allocated for flood relief. One day you receive information that some flood-affected villagers have become violent and they have assaulted a flood relief officer. The officer has been held hostage by the crowd and they are demanding your presence to release him. Your security officer suggests that you avoid going to the village as the angry villagers might assault you also. In fact, they might be doing so on the behest of the local leader. What decision would you take in this situation? How would you diffuse the prevailing tension? Discuss. (250 words) (20) (TLP plus/Offline Test-14) Q8. Honesty and uprightness are the hallmarks of a civil servants. Civil servants possessing these qualities are considered as a back bone of any strong organizations. In line of duty, they take various decisions, at times some become bonafide mistakes. As long as such decisions, are not taken intentionally and do not benefit personally, the officer cannot be said to be guilty. Though such decisions may, at times, lead to unforeseen adverse consequences in the long term. In the recent past, a few instances have surfaced where in civil servants has been implicated for bonafide mistakes. They have often been prosecuted and even imprisoned. These instances have greatly rattled the moral fiber of the civil servants. How does this trend affect the functioning of civil services? What measures can be taken to ensure that honest civil servants are not implicated for bonafide mistakes on their part? Justify your answer. (250 words) (20 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: Subject Matter of the Case Study: This case study throws light on the day to day functioning of the civil servant and the consequences of their actions taken during the performance of their official duties. We have several officers who in spite of being honest, have got jail terms for mistakes they did not commit or benefit out of it. Ethical Dilemma:  Integrity, Honesty and Accountability VS Decision making. Content: You need to bring out how this trend will affect their functioning, like for instance, they are going to be defensive by not taking timely decisions, obstructing to clearing files, etc. Also u can give examples like former coal secretary H.C. Gupta and two other serving government officials - K.S. Kropha and K.C. Samaria (Coal Scam Case) Then mention the measures that can be taken. For example, take decisions on the merit of the case and take account of expert and Professional advice. Provide information and advice including the advice to ministers on the basis of evidence and accurately present opinions and facts. Decisions based on merits and facts. Then you can end by saying Decision making becomes difficult when everything can be questioned and motives attributed. If everybody is playing safe, it leads to status-quo. IASBABA REFERENCE: Why is it important to have high ethical standards in civil services? Examine-in the light of the current bureaucratic discourse. (TLP phase-II GS compilations). Upon entering the civil services, an honest person is often left with two alternatives. On one hand, one can keep a tight vigil on all the happenings in the system and make sure that no corrupt or illegal practices are perpetrated by an individual. The idea is to cleanse the system and make it corruption-free. On the other hand, one can maintain personal integrity while turning a blind eye toward everything else. Most of the civil servants start with the first option, get demotivated midway due to the stubbornness of the system to change and finally reconcile themselves with the second alternative. What are your views in this regard? What would you do when you enter the civil services? Comment. (250 Words) (25) (C2C/TLP Offline Test-10) Why certain values are considered fundamental for civil services?  Substantiate. (150 words) (10) (C2C/TLP Offline mains Test-10) Q9. An apparel manufacturing company having large number of women employees was losing sales due to various factors. The company hired a reputed marketing executive, who increased the volume of sales within a short span of time. However, some unconfirmed reports came up regarding his indulgence in sexual harassment at the work place. After sometime a women employee launched a formal complaint to the management against the marketing executive about sexually harassing her. Faced with the companies’ indifference, in not taking cognizance of her grievances, she lodged an FIR with police. Realizing the sensitivity and gravity of the situation, the company called the women employee to negotiate. In that she was offered a hefty sum of money to withdraw the complaint and the FIR and also give in writing that the marketing executive is not involved in the case. Identify the ethical issues involved in this case. What options are available to the women employee? (250 words) (20 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: Subject Matter of the Case Study: Try to identify the basic theme of the case study. Failing this you will keep beating around the bush. This case study focuses on sexual harassment at workplace for women. Here you need to identify the ethical issues involved and options available for the victim to get justice and how to prevent them in future. Ethical Dilemma:  Self-interest vs societal interest Means vs Ends Content:  Write down the issues involved and values at stake in the case. Address all points of the case; ignoring some of them will not fetch you full marks. List down the options available along with merits and demerits and what is the course of action she should take. Write the solutions, immediate and long term. Also, address any backlash/side effects of your proposed actions and address them.  IASBABA REFERENCE: The company you work for has really stringent rules and regulations against sexual harassment. However, you notice something worrisome. One of your female colleagues is being constantly harassed by one of her superiors. On one hand, he is giving her inducement for promotion and on the other hand, threatens to fire her from the job if she doesn't give in to his demands. You tried convincing your colleague to speak up but she is quite hesitant. She has a family to support and in no way she can afford to take a chance with her job. What can be the best course of action in this situation? Suggest. (250 words) (20) (C2C/TLP Offline 2019 Test-15) Q10. In a modern democratic polity there is a concept of the political executive and permanent executive elected people’s representatives forms the political executive and bureaucracy forms the permanent executive. Ministers frame policy decisions and bureaucrats execute these. In the initial decades after independence, relationship between the permanent executives and the political executives were characterized by mutual understanding, respect, and cooperation, without encroaching upon each other’s domain. However, in the subsequent decades the situation has changed. There are instances of the political executive insisting upon the permanent executives to follow its agenda. Respect for an appreciation of an upright bureaucrats has declined. There is an increasing tendency among the political executive to get involved in routine administrative matters such as transfers, posting etc. Under this scenario, there is a definitive trend towards ‘politicization of bureaucracy’. The raising materialism and acquisitiveness in social life has also adversely impacted upon the ethical values of both the permanent executive and the political executive. What are the consequences of this ‘politicization of bureaucracy’? Discuss.  (250 words) (20 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: Subject matter of Case study: This case study throws light on political interference in bureaucracy and the effects of the same on bureaucrats’. You need to mention the consequences of ‘Politicization of Bureaucracy’ and also how to move forward. Ethical dilemma: Integrity, Accountability and Transparency VS Code of conduct, Upholding Oath of office. Content: Your answer should include both positive and negative consequences. Example: Partisanship: Bureaucrats might start favouring certain people/group over others with a long-term plan, Politics: They might start favouring/help particular political party in exchange for the ticket in future, Nexus: It might create an illegal and unethical nexus between elected and permanent executives and affect democratic principles in the longer run. IASBABA REFERENCE: If read Ethics VAN of ILP and Mock questions- this question could be easily solved. Q11. In one of the districts of a frontier state, narcotics menace has been rampant. This has resulted in money laundering, mushrooming of poppy farming, arms smuggling and near stalling of education. The system is on the verge of collapse. The situation has been further worsened by unconfirmed reports that local politicians, as well as some senior police officers, are providing surreptitious patronage to the drug mafia. At that point of time a woman police officer, known for her skills in handling such situations is appointed as superintendent of police to bring the situation to normalcy. If you are the same police officer, identify the various dimensions of the crisis. Based on your understanding, suggest measures to deal with the crisis. (250 words) (20 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: Subject matter of Case study: This case study highlights the issues related to rampant narcotics abuse by the citizens of the country and its associated issues. Your approach to addressing the issue should be to first identify the various stakeholders who are involved and the risks involved here. Then you need to identify the root cause for the rampant narcotics abuse and how will you tackle the issue and bring the situation to normal. Ethical dilemmas involved: Honesty, integrity and Moral values VS professional ethics, Code of conduct for politicians and Public servants. Content: Identify the various stakeholders in this case: You as a police officer, Drug Mafia, Politicians, Senior policers. Identify the various dimensions of the case and its links to one other like Narcotics menace, which is supporting Money laundering and arms smuggling thereby stalling the education. In the next part, how you will deal with the situation and measures that you would be taking. For instances, you will talk to village elders and NGO’s, involvement of Media in crackdown of godowns and mushrooming poppy fields etc. IASBABA REFERENCE: If read Ethics VAN of ILP and Mock questions- this question could be easily solved. Q12. In recent times, there has been an increasing concern in India to develop effective civil service ethics, code of conduct, transparency measures, ethics and integrity systems and anti-corruption agencies. In view of this, there is need being felt to focus on three specific areas, which are directly relevant to the problems of internalizing integrity and ethics in the civil services. These are as follows: Anticipating specific threats to ethical standards and integrity in the civil services, Strengthening the ethical competence of civil servant and Developing administrative processes and practices which promote ethical values and integrity in civil services. Suggest institutional measures to address the above three issues. (250 words) (20 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This case study throws light on the issues being faced by bureaucracy and the need for civil service reforms. The case study itself has identified the issues and is asking you to focus on three specific areas which need urgent attention. Here you need to pick up each of the areas and come out with institutional measures to address them individually. For example, you can talk about the implementation of recommendation of 2nd ARC committees, Periodic and Independent Evaluation of the Quality of civil servants etc. IASBABA REFERENCE: If read Ethics VAN of ILP and Mock questions- this question could be easily solved. END NOTE: You can discuss and comment below to have more inputs from fellow aspirants. Paper 3 will be published soon. TLP Connect 2020: Prelims + Mains+ Interview Mentorship Based Programme (OFFLINE and ONLINE) [embed]https://www.youtube.com/embed/57pdBuBEwCw[/embed] Important timelines in the Video: Initial 10 mins - about IASbaba and Team 13 minutes onwards - Philosophy behind TLP and Details about TLP Connect Mentorship programme 35mins, 30 Sec onwards - Art of Answer Writing 1:14:25 (hr:min:sec) onwards - Live Demo of Answer Writing 1:37:30 onwards - Ethics Strategy 2:19:45 onwards - Right Attitude for UPSC Preparation DOWNLOAD THE PDFS GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 1-2019 GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 2-2019 GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 4-2019

RSTV Video

RSTV IAS UPSC – Motor Vehicle Act : Life v/s Fines

Motor Vehicle Act : Life v/s Fines Archives TOPIC: General Studies 2 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation By the time you finish reading this article, at least two people would have died and another eight injured in road accidents in India. During same time span, India would have seen at least eight road accidents. Most of these accidents would have taken place on a clear sunny day, on a straight road in an open area largely devoid of human activity. And, in case you are wondering, most of these accidents would be due to over-speeding. Of the eight accidents, two would be on a national highway and at least three would involve a two-wheeler. Between now and tomorrow (at the same time), India would have suffered 1,274 deaths in road accidents, deaths that are completely avoidable. Another at least 1,308 people would also be injured, many of them disabled for life. Of the ones who would be killed in these road accidents, 86 per cent would be men, and in most cases main breadwinner of the family. A majority (72 per cent) of the dead (men and women) would be in the age group of 18-45 years, the population that is most productive and is hailed as India's demographic dividend. These examples are based on our analysis of the data presented in annual reports of the Union Ministry of Road and Transport. In News: Several states have decided not to implement the new Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act – WHY? Steep penalties would overburden people  It would lead to higher levels of corruption Besides stringent rules and stiff fines, the Act provides for a 10% increase in penalties every year. The Act contains as many as 63 clauses pertaining to fines and driving licences among others. States can, however, revise fines for more than two dozen provisions that are compoundable, while the penalties for non-compoundable offences—where the nature of the offence is grave—cannot be revised. The Union Transport Minister Nitin Gadkari differed from what unconvinced states had to say – High penalties under the amendment were undertaken after expansive deliberations and the key objective was to increase road discipline among citizens.  India remains one of the top accident-prone nations in the world.  As per Ministry of Road Transport and Highways data, 1.47 lakh people lost their lives due to road accidents in 2017; the scenario remains the same in 2019. To add some context, this figure is 37.54 per cent more than the total number of people killed in floods and heavy rains in the last 65 years in India. More fatal than war in Afghanistan: The number of people killed in India due to road accidents in just 2017 (1,47,913 deaths) is nearly the same as the number of Afghans killed in the ongoing war in Afghanistan that started after the 9/11 terror attacks. More casualties than Vietnam War: Between 2014 and 2017, the number of people killed on Indian roads in accidents (5.84 lakh) was more than twice the estimated casualties of South Vietnamese soldiers (2.5 lakh) in the Vietnam War that spanned 20 years between 1955 and 1975. Deadlier than HIV/AIDS: The number of people killed in road accidents in India in 2017 was more than twice the number of people killed in India due to HIV/AIDS in the same year. Bigger killer than snakes: Road accidents in India claim at least three times more human lives every year than those claimed by all snakes of the world put together. (Snakes kill about 50,000 people every year). A mass murderer: On the global scale, the World Health Organisation estimates that 58,00,000 people die every year due some form of injury. Of these, only 3 per cent are related to war and conflict, while 21 per cent are related to road accidents. Yet, road accidents and road safety receive a fraction of the attention that is devoted to war and conflict. Vastly debilitating: Of every 100 road accidents in India, 32 are the ones in which at least one person is killed and 26 are the ones in which victims suffer grievous injuries that require hospitalisation. Why this kolaveri: For every kilometre of road in India, there were 41 vehicles in 2017. In 1970, this figure was just one vehicle per km. The explosion of vehicular density can be well understood from this. Despite the data and the good intentions behind stricter penalties, states such as West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Punjab, Jharkhand and Maharashtra denied imposing stricter fines to boost road discipline. Meanwhile, other states like Karnataka, Uttarakhand, Gujarat, and Kerala decided to reduce the rates that have been stated in the amended act. Conclusion:  The need of the hour is to stop playing politics and give preference to citizens lives. If implemented in right spirit, the law can change road habits of all by not only imposing stiffer penalties, but also trying to inculcate a sense of responsibility among the citizens.  But the Government cannot justify their argument with stricter high fine – for road safety. Apart from citizens behaviour, the responsibility of the Government also includes providing better roads and ensure better traffic management.  Perhaps, if citizens get to spend more time with their loved ones than spending hours on road, will citizens be able to reflect better on their behaviour and care more about safe journeys for all!   Read EVERYTHING about the Act here   Connecting the Dots: The government, through the Motor Vehicle Amendment Act, has substantially increased the penalty for traffic rule violations.What is your opinion of this step? We lack basic facilities including good roads and related services. Is it not unethical on part of the government to have done this? Comment.

Important Articles

UPSC MAINS PAPER 2019 (GS 1 and GS 2): ANALYSIS, APPROACH and REFERENCES-How IASbaba was Helpful

UPSC MAINS PAPER 2019 (GS 1 and GS 2):  ANALYSIS, APPROACH and REFERENCES -How IASbaba was Helpful Dear Aspirants, We are all engaged in some or the other activity. When there is no passion attached to the activity, we call it a ‘job’. When an activity has passion behind it, it becomes ‘joy’. We have been doing one thing with great passion and dedication for the last 5 years. Yes! We love to guide civil servant aspirants. We have dedicated ourselves into creating an ecosystem that gives even a person sitting in the remotest corner to crack the prestigious civil services examination with Rank-1. In this process, we have developed, designed and dedicated a series of initiatives for civil services preparation. The quality of these initiatives have been proven time and again. It has become norm to have high hit ratios in Prelims and Mains from the initiatives of IASbaba, namely Integrated Learning Programme (ILP) and Think Learn and Perform (TLP). This article is not to boast about the HIT RATE of our initiatives in any case. It would be an injustice to say that these many questions, directly or indirectly came from our initiatives using keywords of the UPSC questions. In that way if we frame questions over the year on all keywords in UPSC syllabus our hit ratio will be 100%. However, you are smart enough to analyse the importance of our initiatives and its very close resemblance to actual UPSC papers. Rather than numbers focus on its significance and make it a part of your preparation. You should work on smart study and smart thinking to keep your inputs minimum and maximize the output. Below we have come up with the Analysis and Approach for each question of General Studies (GS) Paper 1 and Paper 2 that were asked by UPSC along with the links and references of IASbaba questions/ articles. Needless to say- if you are regular with the initiatives of IASbaba, your chances of clearing the most coveted examination of India is really high. We at IASbaba are expecting bigger and better results this year!! UPSC MAINS GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 1 DOWNLOAD THE PDFS GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 1-2019 GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 2-2019 OVERVIEW of GENERAL STUDIES (GS) PAPER 1: Most of the questions were of easy to moderate. However, questions were a mix of both Static and Analytical part. To fetch good marks, one must be having a comprehensive understanding of the Concepts and Historical events. Art and Culture (Q.1): There is one question in this years paper, which is a specific question on Gandhara Art. The question is of moderate level. Modern History (2, 3, 11, and 12): Four questions are asked which are mostly analytical in nature. The questions require a holistic understanding of each and every event. For example, the question on 1857 uprising is asking about the rebellions occurred in the preceding hundred years. The questions are of moderate level as the themes of these questions are repetitive. World History (13): Only one question has been asked, which is analytical in nature. The question is easy as most of the aspirants have an idea about the American and French revolution. Geography (4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 15, 16 and 17): Eight questions are asked from Geography. The questions are a mix of both analytical and static part of the syllabus. The questions are from easy to moderate level. Almost all the concepts are asked by UPSC in various instances. Indian Society (8, 9, 10, 18, 19 and 20): Six questions have been asked from this part. Most of the questions are analytical in nature which requires an integrated approach while studying. For example, in question-9 women empowerment is linked to population growth. Q1. Highlight the Central Asian and Greco -Bactrian elements in Gandhara art. (Answer in 150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This is a direct question. Divide the question into two parts. Influence of Central Asian elements in Gandhara art and Greek elements in Gandhara art. Gandhara was an ancient state, a mahajanapada, in the Peshawar basin in the northwest portion of the ancient Indian subcontinent, present-day Afghanistan and Pakistan. Central Asian features:  Green phyllite and grey-blue mica schist, the basic shape has been cut out of stone, this is then plastered with lime plaster to give it a finished look, Greco- Bactrian features: Hellenistic features of Buddha, halo in the back, anthropomorphic traditions of Roman religion and represented the Buddha with a youthful Apollo-like face, dressed in garments resembling those seen on Roman imperial statues, great detailing such as curly hair, large forehead and ears, half-closed eyes. Q2. The 1857 Uprising was the culmination of the recurrent big and small local rebellions that had occurred in the preceding hundred years of British rule. Elucidate (Answer in 150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question demands an aspirant to mention various rebellions during 1757-1857 which has led to a major uprising in 1857. Some Rebellions: Rangpur rebellion 1783: Peasants and Zamindars of Rangpur region in Bengal rebelled due to excessive revenue demands of British. Paika Rebellion 1817: Paikas were essentially the peasant militias of the Gajapati rulers of Odisha who rendered military service to the king during times of war while taking up cultivation during times of peace. They unfurled the banner of rebellion against the British under the leadership of Baxi Jagandhu Bidyadhara as early as 1817 to throw off the British yoke. Santhal Rebellion 1855: Santhals made a determined attempt to expel the outsiders (Dikus). Sepoy Mutiny 1857: Immediate ground for the 1857 uprising. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP VALUE ADD NOTES- Modern History ILP Mains Mock https://iasbaba.com/2019/05/rstv-ias-upsc-the-revolt-of-1857/ https://iasbaba.com/2018/12/daily-current-affairs-ias-upsc-prelims-and-mains-exam-24th-december-2018/ Q3. Examine the linkages between 19th centuries ‘Indian Renaissance’ and the emergence of national identity. (Answer in 150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: Here, examine the threads of 19th Centuries ‘Indian Renaissance’ that lead to the creation of national identity which hitherto was missing in India. Indian Renaissance a cultural, social, intellectual and artistic movement in pan India during the period of the British Indian Empire, from the nineteenth century to the early twentieth century. India engaged strongly in social and cultural preparation for participation in the more “progressive” and “radical”, political programme. This created national identity. Bengal Renaissance: This took place from Raja Ram Mohan Roy (1775–1833) through Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941) in Bengal region. Socio-religious movements: Catalyst for the emergence of nationalism. The pioneer of this movement of regeneration of India was Raja Ram Mohan Roy (1774-1833), the father of modem India who is acclaimed as the link between the fading past and dawning future, between the deep-rooted conservatism and radical reform, and between superstitious isolationism and progressive synthesis, in short, between reaction and progress. Social reforms: voice against polygamy, child marriage, caste system, untouchability, superstitions and use of intoxicants. Raja ram Roy encouraged inter-caste marriages, women's education and widow re-marriages. Educational reforms: Roy started many learned societies and educational institutions in Bengal. He studied English language and the western education system. He also helped Lord Macaulay in starting schools and colleges in India. Political reforms: Many freedom fighters demanded independence for India and fought for civil rights of the Indians and opposed the racial superiority of Europeans. Other reforms: As more Indians went abroad, they reinterpreted ancient wisdom in modern idioms and likes of Vivekanada, Mrs Arundale, LokmanyaTilak, Sarvarkar, Gandhi, KaniyalalMunshi, Tata, Birla and Bose helped spark renaissance in different fields of art, crafts, dance, music, philosophy, politics, economics, science, literature etc. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP VAN- Covered in detail Q4. Assess the impact of global warming on coral life system with examples. (Answer in 150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: Here, illustrate and assess with examples the impact of global warming on coral life. Negative Impact: Warming ocean- thermal stress Sea level rise- sedimentation Strong and more frequent storms- the destruction of reef structure Changes in precipitation: algal bloom and muddy water, reduce light Altered ocean currents- change in connectivity and temperature regime Example: Great Barrier Reef, Amazon reef, Miami terrace reef are under threat Positive impact: Reef-building corals cannot tolerate water temperatures below 64° Fahrenheit (18° Celsius). Many grow optimally in water temperatures between 73° and 84° Fahrenheit (23°–29°Celsius). Due to change of ocean currents, nutrients of the location changes in the ocean. Example: extended regions of the bay of Japan's Tsushima Island in the Korea Strait. IASBABA REFERENCE: Are coral reefs important to us? Examine. Also, enumerate the factors that are causing coral bleaching (C2C/TLP OFFLINE (Phase 1) Test13). ILP VALUE ADD NOTES- ENVIRONMENT Q5. Discuss the causes of depletion of mangroves and explain their importance in maintaining coastal ecology. (Answer in 150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This is a direct question asking you to discuss the causes of depletion of mangroves and their importance in maintaining coastal ecology. Here you can conclude with suggestions to protect the depleting mangroves. Causes for the depletion of mangroves: Clearing: Mangrove forests have often been seen as unproductive and smelly, and so cleared to make room for agricultural land, human settlements and infrastructure (such as harbours), and industrial areas. Overharvesting: Mangrove trees are used for firewood, construction wood, wood chip and pulp production, charcoal production, and animal fodder. River changes: Dams and irrigation reduce the amount of water reaching mangrove forests, changing the salinity level of water in the forest. Overfishing: The global overfishing crisis facing the world’s oceans has effects far beyond the directly overfished population. Destruction of coral reefs: Coral reefs provide the first barrier against currents and strong waves. Pollution: Fertilizers, pesticides, and other toxic man-made chemicals carried by river systems from sources upstream can kill animals living in mangrove forests, while oil pollution can smother mangrove roots and suffocate the trees  Importance of mangroves: Coastal protection: The dense root systems of mangrove forests trap sediments flowing down rivers and off the land. Fisheries: Mangrove forests are home to a large variety of fish, crab, shrimp, and mollusk species. Livelihoods: The rural communities we work with are fishers and farmers who depend on their natural environment to provide for their families. Water: Mangroves are essential to maintaining water quality. With their dense network of roots and surrounding vegetation, they filter and trap sediments, heavy metals, and other pollutants. Carbon storage: Mangroves sequester carbon at a rate two to four times greater than mature tropical forests IASBABA REFERENCE: Where would you find the maximum concentration of mangrove forests? What roles do mangroves play? Discuss. (TLP phase-1 2019) https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2018/11/day-14-q-1-where-would-you-find-the-maximum-concentration-of-mangrove-forests-what-roles-do-mangroves-play-discuss/ Discuss the distribution of major mangrove concentrations in the world. What roles do mangroves play in maintaining the ecological balance? What are the threats to mangroves? Discuss. (TLP phase- 2 2019) https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/08/day-45-q-1-discuss-the-distribution-of-major-mangrove-concentrations-in-the-world-what-roles-do-mangroves-play-in-maintaining-the-ecological-balance-what-are-the-threats-to-mangroves-discuss ILP VALUE ADD NOTES & Mock- ENVIRONMENT Q6. Can the strategy of regional-resource based manufacturing help in promoting employment in India? (Answer in 150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question is asking you whether/can the regional-resource based manufacturing generate more employment opportunities in India. Mention some regions along with specific resources, which are helpful in manufacturing goods. Mention how employment can be generated through such manufacturing. Examples: Cotton industries: Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu are abundant in cotton. Many cotton textiles are seen. Promotion of employment: KVIC (khadi and Village Industries Commission) plan, promote, facilitate, organise and assist in the establishment and development of khadi and village industries in the rural areas Jute industries: West Bengal, Assam, Orissa, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Tripura and Meghalaya are main jute growing industries. Promotion of employment -national jute policy and national textile policy Silk industries: Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu, Madhya Pradesh, Assam are main areas of silk industries. Promotion of employment: KSIC (Karnataka Silk Industries Corporation Limited) , central silk board are meant for expanding silk industries. Iron resources: Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Jharkhand, Odisha, Goa, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu are the principal Indian producers of iron ore. Promotion of employment: Jobs in Steel Plants (Visakhapatnam Steel Plant), Make in India projects in various states. Q7. Discuss the factors for localization of agro-based food processing industries of North-West India. (Answer in 150 words). LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH:  This question is specific to North-West India. One must discuss the factors which led to localization of agro-based food processing industries of North-West India. Localization means the concentration of certain industries in particular areas. Agro-based food processing is defined as a set of techno-economic activities, applied to all the products, originating from the agricultural farm, aquacultural sources, livestock and forests for their conservation, handling and value- addition to make them usable as food, feed, fibre, fuel or industrial raw materials. Some of the factors for localization of food processing industries: States like Punjab, Haryana have high agricultural production (Green Revolution) High milk production in States like Haryana. Agricultural crisis and price fluctuations— Price fluctuations of agricultural produce are adversely impacting the predominantly agrarian states of North-West India. So, food processing sector can help bridging this void. Support by State Governments: Example-Punjab Government has formed a separate department of food processing industries. IASBABA REFERENCE:  A similar question on North East in ILP Mock was asked. Q.8. What makes Indian society unique in sustaining its culture? Discuss. (Answer in 150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: Though India is a land of diverse culture, it is able to sustain such a huge diversity. So how is India able to sustain its multi-culture society (which in itself makes our country unique) is the theme of the question. Initially mention about the diversity of India and then bring in the unique features which have made India to sustain such wide diversity. Examples: Co-existence of religions despite diversity (foreign religions and indigenous religions) from Centuries: Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism. Cultural tolerance: Many diverse geographical regions with various cultures co-exist even today. (Government Schemes—Ek Bharat, Shrestha Bharat) Propagation of culture through Socialization—Existence of Joint Family. Though the Joint Family Structure is disintegrating the familial relations still exist. Rulers like Ashoka, Akbar has patronized various religions and ensured that there is peaceful co-existence of religions. Principle of Sarva Dharma Samabhava is rooted in India’s tradition and culture—equal respect for all religions Indian culture in general and Hindu religion in particular have permitted and encouraged multifaceted ways of devotion, worship approaches to the understanding of world and reality. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP VAN- Culture and Society Q9. “Empowering women is the key to control population growth”. Discuss (Answer in 150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question is demanding the aspirant to establish a link between women empowerment and the control of population growth. Firstly, one can write about the population growth rate in India and establish the need to control it. Then data should be provided in such a way that it substantiates that, women empowerment will help to control the population growth. The Economic Survey of 2018 mentions about son meta preference. This has resulted in 21 million “unwanted girls" in India. Such gender preferences are also contributing to the population explosion in India. The wanted fertility rate in the country is 1.8 (NFHS-4), which means that women do not want to have more than two children. (Pressure from family) Kerala- Female Literacy 92%    Total Fertility Rate-1.8 Bihar—Female Literacy 51.5% Total Fertility Rate-3.6 IASBABA REFERENCE: Population Control - Daily Current Affairs Analysis-26th July 2019 https://iasbaba.com/2019/07/daily-current-affairs-ias-upsc-prelims-and-mains-exam-26th-july-2019/ Q.10. What are the challenges to our cultural practices in the name of secularism (Answer in 150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH : Here, you need to connect the concept of secularism with the challenges it brings to diverse cultural practices carried out in India. The Indian concept of Secularism: equal treatment of all religions by the state and no special rights to any religion; it has to support all religion equally. Secularism and conflicts with cultural practices: Religious Morality vs Constitutional Morality (Example: Sabarimala Verdict) Cultural traditions vs Secular traditions (Challenging the appointment of priests on the basis of Agamas) Triple Talaq and polygamy which is practiced by Muslims since ages is challenged. Cultural Practices in Hindu religion, existing from centuries are challenged (Made Snana in Coastal belt of Karnataka) Cow Slaughter law challenges the food habits of minority religion. In the name of Secularism, demand for Uniform Civil Code, though will bring in equality will subsume many cultural practices. IASBABA’S REFERENCE: The fact remains that secularism is inherent in the Indian system, in the Indian ethos and culture. India cannot but be secular. Comment. (TLP plus/offline test-6) Do you find any contradictions in the prevalent notion, understanding and practice of secularism in India? Critically comment. (TLP 2019-phase 2) ILP VAN- covered in detail https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/07/day-25-q-4-do-you-find-any-contradictions-in-the-prevalent-notion-understanding-and-practice-of-secularism-in-india-critically-comment/ Q11. Many voices had strengthened and enriched the nationalist movement during the Gandhian phase. Elaborate (Answer in 250 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This is a direct question on Gandhian phase of freedom struggle. Many famous personalities took part in the freedom struggle, especially during the Gandhian phase. Here you need to mention about the various ideologies, philosophies and various personalities who brought a change through their own way in freedom struggle during Gandhian Phase i.e. from 1914 till independence. For instance, mention about the contributions of Madan Mohan Malviya (Nationalistic education system), Aurobindo Ghosh (Spiritualism and revolutionary movement, Subhash Chandra Bose ( Socialism and extremism) , Tilak’s (Ganapati festival to bring masses into freedom struggle). Also, you can mention the participation of: Women participation: thousands of women came out of their homes and participated in salt satyagraha. Working-class and professionals participated: lawyers, teachers, professors also joined the national movement. Students also boycotted class and participated in the movement in large scale. All religion participated: irrespective of religion and caste all people took part in mass movement. Business class participated: gave financial assistance and rejected imported goods. IASBABA REFERENCE: How did Gandhi’s arrival change the discourse of the nationalist movement? Did it make the movement more inclusive and representative? Critically comment. (TLP Phase-II 2019 GS-1 compilations). https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/06/day-2-q-4-how-did-gandhis-arrival-change-the-discourse-of-the-nationalist-movement-did-it-make-the-movement-more-inclusive-and-representative-critically-comment/ The phase of freedom struggle in India’s modern history witnessed intense debates over suitability of different economic ideologies to shape the country. What were the most prominent of these ideologies? Who propounded them? Also, outline the larger debates that ensued. (TLP Plus-2019 Test-1). ILP VAN- covered in detail Q12. Assess the role of British imperial power in complicating the process of transfer of power during 1940s. (Answer in 250 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH : This is a question which asks about how British imperial power caused various troubles and hinders in transfer of powers to Indians during the 1940’s. For example: You can talk about how in the name of transfer of power, Britisher’s involved Indian princes and Muslims to create friction between various elements. Delayed announcing border commission, formed various committees to delay transfer of power like August offer, Crips mission, Wavell plan etc. IASBABA REFERENCE: Do you think the transfer of power from the British to the Indians was hastily handled? Critically comment. (TLP Phase-I 2019 GS-1 compilations). https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2018/12/day-37-q-4-do-you-think-the-transfer-of-power-from-the-british-to-the-indians-was-hastily-handled-critically-comment/ Q13. Explain how the foundations of the modern world were laid by the American and French revolution. (Answer in 250 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question is on the contribution of American (18th century- 1775) and French revolution (18th century- 1789) to the making of the modern world (starting from the mid of 19th century  – 1850 onwards) Your answer should include how governance changed from monarchy to republican form of government, rule of law, Principles of equality, liberty and justice, separation of power, voting rights etc. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP Value Add Notes- Covered in detail (Mind Maps) ILP Mains Mock Examine the democratic principles that took a concrete shape post-American independence. (TLP Phase-I 2019 GS compilations). https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2018/12/day-26-q-4-examine-the-democratic-principles-that-took-a-concrete-shape-post-american-independence/  How did different European powers respond to the French revolution? Discuss. (TLP Plus 2019 Test-1).  Why did anti-monarchy sentiments spread in 18th century Europe? Examine. (TLP Phase-I 2019 GS-1 compilations). https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2018/12/day-26-q-1-why-did-anti-monarchy-sentiments-spread-in-18th-century-europe-examine/ What role did thinkers and philosophers play in the awakening of the conscience of the European society? What were its consequences? (TLP Phase-I 2019 GS compilations). https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2018/12/day-26-q-2-what-role-did-thinkers-and-philosophers-play-in-the-awakening-of-the-conscience-of-the-european-society-what-were-its-consequences/ Q14. What is water stress? How and why does it differ regionally in India? (Answer in 250 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This is a question which tests your knowledge about water scarcity which the world is facing and the factors which causes the scarcity in different parts of India. In introduction define what do you mean by water stress. Then in body, you need to explain the reasons behind the water scarcity in different regions of India. For instance, Chennai is located on Bay of Bengal but still faces water scarcity, explain how and why it faces. Same way Vidarbha region and Shimla. All three has different factors and causes. You need to identify them and explain. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP MAINS VAN- Water Stress/ Security Why has water become a stressed resource in many parts of the world? Analyse. (TLP Phase-I 2019 GS-1 compilations). https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2018/11/day-8-q-3-why-has-water-become-a-stressed-resource-in-many-parts-of-the-world-analyse/ Which parts of the world are suffering from acute water scarcity? It is being feared that the situation will worsen even further? Why? Analyse. (TLP Phase-II 2019 GS-1 compilations). https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/08/day-42-q-4-which-parts-of-the-world-are-suffering-from-acute-water-scarcity-it-is-being-feared-that-the-situation-will-worsen-even-further-why-analyse/  How is urbanisation affecting the water bodies in the cities? What are its implications? Examine. (TLP Phase-II 2019 GS-1 compilations). https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/08/day-45-q-3-how-is-urbanisation-affecting-the-water-bodies-in-the-cities-what-are-its-implications-examine/  Why is Chennai facing abnormal levels of dryness? Examine. What policy measures are needed to address the problem? Discuss. (TLP Plus/Offline 2019 test-13). Q15. How can the mountain ecosystem be restored from the negative impact of development initiatives and tourism? (Answer in 250 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This question is specific to mountain ecosystem, you need to first define mountain ecosystem in introduction then identify the issues with mountain ecosystem caused due development initiatives and tourism in the first part and then measures to restore them. For instance, Mention the negative impacts like Landslides, Flash floods, Plastic wastes, invasion of alien species, monotype culture etc. Take examples of places around Himalayas like Kedarnath (floods), Shimla (Landslides), Mount Everest (Disposal of degradable and non-degradable wastes), Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats etc. IASBABA REFERENCE: What are some of the most serious threats to the Himalayan ecosystem today? What is the contribution of human activities in degrading the Himalayas? Discuss.  (TLP Test-13) ILP MAINS MOCK Q16. How is efficient and affordable urban mass transport key to the rapid economic development of India? (Answer in 250 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question is asked in the background of rising problems of traffic congestion in urban areas. The answer needs to primarily address the benefits of mass transport system in Urban areas. The answer needs to highlight that mass transport system needs to be efficient w.r.t connecting different parts of Urban areas (including last-mile connectivity); efficient w.r.t time management so that these systems can be relied upon by people; efficient w.r.t energy usage so as to reduce pollution in urban areas (push for electric buses) and efficient w.r.t safety and security of transport operations. The answer should also highlight the need to make such transport systems affordable so that it is accessible by all sections of society in Urban areas. These characteristics in Urban mass transport system will ensure people will not opt for personal vehicles for commuting in urban areas which inturn will reduce traffic burden on roads. Reduced traffic on roads will lead to savings in petrol and diesel (positively affecting our Current account deficit through reduced oil imports). Urban mass transport will also lead to reduction in travel time – thereby increasing time for productive work. The opportunity cost of commuting within Urban areas is thus reduced through efficient and affordable mass transport system. The answer can also give examples of Suburban rail system in Mumbai and Metro system in Delhi – the success of which has led to replication of same models of Urban mass transport in other cities across India. IASBABA REFERENCE: Explain the concept of urban mobility with the help of at least two case studies. (TLP plus/Offline 2019 Test-6). Q17. How do ocean currents and water masses differ in their impacts on marine life and coastal environment? Give suitable examples? (Answer in 250 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The answer needs to bring out the distinction between Ocean Currents and Water masses and their impacts on marine life and costal environment. Water mass is a body of water which has physical properties (like temperature, salinity, density) distinct from surrounding water. Ocean currents are body of water mass which flow in a well-defined path under the influence of wind, coastal features and Coriolis force. Ocean currents impact the temperature & humidity of coastal regions for example: Warm current increases the temperature and humidity of the coastal area through which it passes, such as the Norwegian current which increase the temperature of the coastal areas of North Sea make the port workable and climate cool and moist. Also most of the cold current are found in the western margin of the continents in lower latitude which is associated with the desert landforms in these latitudes Example: California current in western USA, Peru current in western south America etc. Ocean currents also impacts marine life and thus fish resources: In East Asia meeting of the warm Kuroshio and the cold Oyashio current provides ideal conditions for rich fishing grounds in Japan. However, navigation becomes difficult due to thick fog. Water masses determine the hydrological conditions of the water which influence the production and the growth of plankton and fish species. For example: the growth of and survival of Corals is largely dependent on the stable conditions of water masses in which they reside. Likewise, water masses impact the humidity and pressure of air above its surface, which inturn impacts the circulation of winds affecting coastal environment Ex: Land breeze and Sea breeze. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP Value Add Notes- Covered in detail ILP Mains Mock- How do ocean currents alter the climate of a place? Illustrate with the help of suitable examples. Ocean currents have far-reaching impacts on the coastal economy. Do you agree? With the help of suitable examples, examine the ways in which ocean currents affect the coastal economy. (TLP Phase-II 2019 GS-1 compilations). https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/08/day-41-q-3-ocean-currents-have-far-reaching-impacts-on-the-coastal-economy-do-you-agree-with-the-help-of-suitable-examples-examine-the-ways-in-which-ocean-currents-affects-coastal-economy/ How do ocean currents affect global climate? Illustrate by taking suitable examples. (TLP Phase-I 2019 GS-1 compilations). https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2018/11/day-4-q-1-how-do-ocean-currents-affect-global-climate-illustrate-by-taking-suitable-examples/ Q18. Do we have cultural pockets of small India all over the nation? Elaborate with examples (Answer in 250 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The answer should bring out the different diversities present across India and also the underlying unity. Tribal diversity present across India have different culture compared to mainstream culture. Example: Gonds Tribes. Bhils Tribes. Santhal Tribes. Great Andamanese Tribes. Khasi Tribes. Garo Tribes. Linguistic diversity in India – 22 official languages in VIII schedule of the Constitution Diversity with regard to cuisine, dressing, festivals celebrated and customs observed varies from one region of India to other region. For example: Matrilineal system is observed in certain areas of Meghalaya, whereas there is strong continuance of Patriarchy and caste reflected in Haryana’s Khap Panchayats. The can be concluded by bringing out the Cosmopolitan culture which is present Indian cities like New Delhi and Mumbai which has people from all parts of India, people belonging to all classes (billionaires and slums), all castes and all religion residing in peaceful and harmonious manner. These centres of agglomeration, in the long run have its own advantages in terms of blurring societal identity fault lines leading to better integration and acting as economic engines of the Country IASBABA REFERENCE: Has Indian society become intolerant in recent years? Has its religious and cultural diversity created irreparable fissures? Give your opinion. (C2C/ TLP OFFLINE (Phase 1) Test-7 2019). The cultural practices of India have helped in the sustenance of the ecosystem. Do you agree? Substantiate with the help of suitable examples. (C2C/TLP OFFLINE (Phase 1) comprehensive Mock-1 2019). India’s tribal diversity is capital. Do you agree? Substantiate. (TLP Phase-II 2019 GS-1 compilations). https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/07/day-21-q-2-indias-tribal-diversity-is-a-capital-do-you-agree-substantiate/ The tremendous tribal diversity of India is a socio-cultural asset. Elucidate. (C2C/ TLP OFFLINE (Phase 1) Test-7 2019). ILP Mains Mock- Comment upon the tribal diversity of India. Also, examine the socio-economic challenges being faced by the tribal population Q19. What are the continued challenges for women in India against time and space? (Answer in 250 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The answer primarily needs to bring out the problems faced by Indian Women over time (history) and space (geography) Problems w.r.t time includes problems of Patriarchy still continuing in this modern era. The answer can expand on patriarchy present in social sector (access to education and health), in religious sector (denial of entry to temples/mosques), in economic sector (wage inequality between men and women, presence of glass ceiling) and in Political sector (low women representation in Legislatures). The problems faced by Indian women against space can include inequality amongst women in rural and urban areas, competition in economic field from other developing countries (example of textile sector) and challenges in commuting from one place to another due to safety and security concerns. The answer can also cite examples of recent current happenings like Sabrimala entry issue and metoo movement which highlighted the continuing challenges faced by women. IASBABA REFERENCE: Examine the implications of adverse sex ratio for India’s future. (TLP Phase-I 2019 GS-1 compilations). https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2018/12/day-38-q-5-examine-the-implications-of-adverse-sex-ratio-for-indias-future/ The #metoo campaign is a reflection moral decline of Indian society. Comment. (TLP Phase-I 2019 GS-1 compilations). https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2018/11/day-10-q-5-the-metoo-campaign-is-a-reflection-moral-decline-of-indian-society-comment/ India has quite a progressive gender jurisprudence wherein women rights are protected by laws and institutions and women interests are furthered by a multitude of welfare schemes. Yet India performs poorly on major socio-economic and political indicators related to women. Why? Analyse the factors leading to this contradiction. (TLP plus/Offline 2019 Test-6). What is ‘sexism’? Examine its prevalence in Indian social life. Why is it harmful? Discuss. (TLP Plus/Offline comprehensive mock-1). The absence of women at the level of policymaking is a serious impediment to inclusive growth. Elucidate. (TLP Phase-II 2019 GS-1 compilations). https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2018/12/day-38-q-2-the-absence-of-women-at-the-level-of-policy-making-is-a-serious-impediment-to-inclusive-growth-elucidate/ ILP Mains Mock- Working women in India face challenges on multiple fronts. Do you agree? Illustrate Q20. Are we losing our local identity for the global identity? Discuss.  (Answer in 250 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question is about the critical examination of the phenomenon of Globalisation. Globalisation not only involves increased exchange of goods and services but also involves exchange of people, culture and Ideas. Integration and interconnectedness of economies of the world is also leading to integration of cultures. For instance: The music culture (pop music), dressing habits (western jeans wear) and value system (individualism over communitarianism) are all being impacted by globalisation. Example of MacDonalds impacting our food habits. Thus, there is an argument that globalisation is leading to homogenisation of culture whereby people’s local identity is losing its uniqueness. The rise of protectionist measures and right-wing political parties across the world can also be attributed as backlash against the rise of global identity. The referendum results of Brexit can be cited as an example of this backlash. The answer also needs to point out the negative fallout of such protectionism especially for India which being an emergent country needs open world to expand the scope of its exports and investment source. The answer can conclude by highlighting the phenomenon of glocalisation – Globalisation + Localisation. This can be seen in the example of Mac Donalds avoiding pork & beef in India and instead offering Panneer Burgers so as to suit local tastes & needs. Therefore, local identity is still retained while at the same time going for more open world. Such trends show that fears of imposition of foreign values leading to loss local identity are thus misplaced. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP Mains Mock- What is glocalisation? How is it reshaping the business strategies in the 21st century? Discuss What do you understand by the term ‘cosmopolitanism’? Does it affect the cultural diversity of a place? Critically examine. (TLP Plus/Offline (Phase 2)2019 Test-1). Examine the ways in which globalisation has affected the taste for popular culture in India. (C2C/TLP OFFLINE (Phase 1) Test-7). Do forces of globalisation affect social mores and traditions? Substantiate with the help of suitable examples. (C2C/TLP OFFLINE (Phase 1) Test-7). UPSC MAINS GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 2 OVERVIEW of GENERAL STUDIES (GS) PAPER 2: This year's question paper of GS-2 was one of the most analytical and lengthiest paper created by UPSC in the last few years. The questions were found to be on a tougher side. It was a mixture of Fundamental and Applied part. To score high in this paper, one needs to be well aware of several important articles of Indian constitution along with current affairs, because most of the questions appearing in the GS-2 paper has direct link with recent happenings. Also one needs to include recent commissions, reports, and its recommendations in the answers. Let us take the example in International Relation part, USA's official pull out of UNESCO happened in December 2018, China's increasing assertion in South china sea and USA's Pacific doctrine has India and Japan playing a key role. So they were asked in 9th and 10th question. Also this time the paper was such that one needs to devout at least 30-40 seconds per question to read and understand what is the basic demand and which part needs to be addressed.  For instance, "From the resolution of contentious issues regarding distribution of legislative powers by the courts, ‘Principle of Federal Supremacy’ and ‘Harmonious Construction’ have emerged. Explain." Here while reading on the first instance, there are chances of misunderstanding and explaining the distribution of legislative powers but the actual demand of the question is about the "Principle of Federal Supremacy" The difficulty level of questions can be broken up into 3 scales i.e. Easy, Moderate and Difficult. The Difficult questions occupied the highest portion in the paper with 8 questions (4, 6, 7, 10, 16, 17, 19, & 20), the second is occupied by the moderate level with 7 questions (1, 2, 8, 9, 13, 15, & 18), the easy level occupied the last with 5 questions (3, 5, 11, 12, & 14). There were 4 questions on International relations and 16 questions on Indian polity. Q1. Do you think the Constitution of India does not accept the principle of strict separation of powers rather it is based on the principle of ‘checks and balances’? Explain. (10 Marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This is a direct question on Indian government system. Here you need to write about how Indian constitution even though talks about separation of power, has nowhere explicitly mentioned about it but rather has created a system of checks and balances to make sure no organ of state becomes very powerful and all 3 organ overlap/co-ordinate with each other for effective and efficient governance. In introduction, define what you mean by separation of power doctrine. Then in main part, explain how Tasks are assigned to the different branches and their institutions in such a way that each of them can check the exercise of powers by the others. As a result, no one branch or institution can become so powerful as to control the system completely. Also you can mention the other side by providing examples of Article 50, Articles 121 and 211 and Article 361 to explain how separation of powers are part of constitution. IASBABA REFERENCE: How far has the doctrine of separation of powers fared in India’s political system? Illustrate with the help of suitable examples. (C2C/TLP offline 2019 Test-1) Explain the concept of ‘doctrine of separation of powers’. Also examine its significance in a parliamentary democracy. (TLP Phase-1 2019) https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2018/11/day-7-q-1-explain-the-concept-of-doctrine-of-separation-of-powers-also-examine-its-significance-in-a-parliamentary-democracy/ Covered in ILP VAN. Q2. “The Central Administrative Tribunal which was established for redressal of grievances and complaints by or against central government employees nowadays is exercising its powers as an independent judicial authority.” Explain. (10 Marks)  LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question is on Central administrative tribunal which was established under Art 323A of Indian constitution. You need to define in a line or two about what is CAT in Introduction along with the Article and when it was established (1985). Then in Body, explain why it was established and its functions in 1st part, then in 2nd part explain how it has grown as an independent judicial authority over time. End by quoting the recent verdict of Delhi HC on CAT and its powers. Example: You can mention about how CAT rebutted the verdict of Delhi HC on its jurisdiction and asked it to swiftly decide on matters originally pending before the HC. Also, you can mention how CAT had stayed the decision of the government to retire two officers on non-performance issues. Q3. What are the methods used by the farmer’s organizations to influence the policy-makers in India and how effective are these methods? (10 Marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This question is indirectly asking about the role of pressure groups and in particular farmers related pressure groups and how they influence the policymaking in India and how effective are they. In the introduction, define what are pressure groups and their types. Then in the body part, list the methods used by them to influence policymakers. Example: farmer’s protest march in Maharashtra recently, farmer’s destroying their produce over price fall issues across MP etc. Don't forget to bring examples from various decades since independence (Agriculture Revolutions etc.) Also, mention how effective they are in short and long terms. You can mention about Examples of remunerative prices (MSP) and sugarcane (Fair and remunerative prices). Also, you can mention about private bills being pushed in parliament for the same. IASBABA REFERENCE: PepsiCo versus potato growing farmers - https://iasbaba.com/2019/05/daily-current-affairs-ias-upsc-prelims-and-mains-exam-11th-may-2019/ (Daily Current Affairs Analysis-11th May 2019) Q4. From the resolution of contentious issues regarding distribution of legislative powers by the courts, ‘Principle of Federal Supremacy’ and ‘Harmonious Construction’ have emerged. Explain. (10 Marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This is analytical questions which ask you to explain how over the years, through judicial interpretation and judgements, the legislative powers have been devolved and federal supremacy has been upheld and Doctrine of Harmonious construction have evolved. For this question, you need to define what is the doctrine of federal supremacy and Harmonious construction in Introduction. Then in the body you need to bring out how the Principle of federal supremacy was upheld and how Harmonious construction has emerged. Example: you need to mention with examples how some state laws were quashed which were ultra vires or against federal laws [Certain reservation bills of state like The Haryana Backward Classes (Reservation in Services and Admission in Educational Institutions) Bill 2016 and the Haryana Backward Classes Commission Bill 2016,]. Then mention the five principles laid down by the supreme court on the rule of Harmonious Construction in the landmark case of CIT v Hindustan Bulk Carriers. Q5. What can France learn from the Indian Constitution’s approach to secularism? (10 Marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This is a direct question which asks you to compare Indian constitution with French constitution. You are aware that both India and France are constitutional democracy but follow different system of governance especially when it comes to principles of secularism. France follows strict principle of secularism where has Indian secularism is equal respect to all religions. This question has come due to various protests in France in form of ban on Islamic dress like Burqa, veil, then raise in islamophobia, ban on halal meat, few years back Charlie Hebdo issue etc. Your answer should contain all these examples and how France can learn from Indian secularism where multi-religions co-exist peacefully and how accommodating our constitution is in form of Fundamental rights 25-28, Education (Gurukul system, Christian convent, Islamic education), Subsidies for Pilgrimages (Haj, Amarnath) etc. IASBABA REFERENCE: Do you find any contradictions in the prevalent notion, understanding and practice of secularism in India? Critically comment. (TLP phase-2 2019) Q6. Despite Consistent experience of high growth, India still goes with the lowest indicators of human development. Examine the issues that make balanced and inclusive development elusive. (10 Marks)   LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This question is asking about India’s declining performance of Human development indicators even though we are experience high growth rate. Here, you can come up with facts related to human development indicators in India - India’s rank in HDI (130) In main part of body, you need to identify those factors which are hindrance to human development and how it is impacting the country. Then in 2nd part of body, you need to explain the issues which make balanced and inclusive development elusive. Then conclude by giving ways to address the issues like for instances, quality education to all, making healthy life a fundamental right, providing opportunity for skill development and employment etc. Issues: Economic inequality, Poverty, Lack of awareness on government initiatives/schemes/welfare programs, etc. Prevalence of customs and traditions which act as hinders to bring about a change, for instance, women's access to quality education (Patriarchy), access to health-related products, ( access to menstrual hygiene related products) etc Facts that can be used in this answer – MMR 130/1L live births, Life expectancy 68.5, IMR 34/100 live births, 73% of the wealth generated in 2017 went to the richest 1% (Oxfam). 21.9% of the population is living below poverty line (2011-12) as per National poverty estimates. IASBABA REFERENCE: How does poverty stifle human development? Can poverty alleviation measures address the problem of stifled human development? Critically examine. (TLP phase-2 2019) https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/07/day-30-q-1-how-does-poverty-stifle-human-development-can-poverty-alleviation-measures-address-the-problem-of-stifled-human-development-critically-examine/ What is Human Development Index (HDI)? Evaluate India’s overall performance with respect to the indicators constitutions the HDI. (TLP Phase-2 2019) https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/07/day-30-q-5-what-is-human-development-index-hdi-evaluate-indias-overall-performance-with-respect-to-the-indicators-constitutions-the-hdi/ Q7. There is a growing divergence in the relationship between poverty and hunger in India. The shrinking of social expenditure by the government is forcing the poor to spend more on non-food essential items squeezing their food-budget – Elucidate. (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: Usually poverty and hunger are related concepts. But here, you should substantiate with examples and data’s to show how there is growing divergence between the two. In second part of question you need to explain with examples about how the government’s expenditure of social sector is decreasing and thus leading to poor spending more on non-food essentials like Health, Medicines etc. For example: Only 3% of GDP is spent on education, 1.4% on Health, and more than 70% health expenditure are out of pocket, 22% of Indians live below poverty line. Also include some positive, do not keep it too much negative. Mention about improvement India has made in halving poverty, reducing malnutrition, child wasting & Stunting among others. IASBABA REFERENCE: Q8. Implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) based projects/programmes usually suffers in terms of certain vital factors. Identify these factors and suggest measures for their effective implementation. (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This is a direct question on E-governance. Central government has been emphasizing too much on digital India and question on ICT was on expected line but here there is a twist. They have asked about negative sides on ICT. So you need to identify them, factors involved and suggest measures to address them. Also include government programs in areas of ICT like Digital India, Bharat Net, NeGP etc. For example: mention how the government has introduced ICT in PDS and issues with that (Aadhar linking, Biometric issue and how a child had to die due to hunger), Mention about issues with E-literacy, lack of access to speed internet, Privacy, Security related issues etc. Also, give some positive aspects of ICT. For instance, how it saved revenue for exchequer by plugging leakages, weeding out ghost beneficiary, targeted delivery of services etc. IASBABA REFERENCE: How is the government leveraging ICT to deliver its services faster and without leakages? Illustrate with the help of suitable examples. (TLP Phase-II 2019) https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/08/day-46-q-2-how-is-the-government-leveraging-ict-to-deliver-its-services-faster-and-without-leakages-illustrate-with-the-help-of-suitable-examples/ What are the impediments of e-governance in India? How can those be addressed? Discuss. (C2C/TLP offline Test-11) Q9. ‘The time has come for India and Japan to build a strong contemporary relationship, one involving global and strategic partnership that will have a great significance for Asia and the world as a whole.’ Comment. (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: Answer in two parts. Role of diplomacy between India and Japan in global partnership and strategic partnership in Asia. In global partnership: Role of QUAD in countering the aggression of China, Tackle common challenges of terrorism and proliferation, Asia-Africa Growth Corridor or AAGC is an economic cooperation agreement between the governments of India, Japan and multiple African countries  In strategic partnership: nuclear deal, bilateral agreements, investment in north eastern countries, cultural exchange, military ‘exercise malabar’ IASBABA REFERENCE: Indo-Japan relations not only transcend economic boundaries but also entail deep geostrategic convergence. Comment. (C2C/TLP Offline Test-11) The quadrilateral posturing by India, the US, Japan and Australia in the Indo-Pacific is critical to counter the aggression of China in the region. Comment. (TLP Phase-II 2019) Covered in VAN https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/08/day-48-q-4-the-quadrilateral-posturing-by-india-the-us-japan-and-australia-in-the-indo-pacific-is-critical-to-counter-the-aggression-of-china-in-the-region-comment/ Q10. ‘Too little cash, too much politics, leaves UNESCO fighting for life.’ Discuss the statement in the light of US’ withdrawal and its accusation of the cultural body as being ‘anti-Israel bias’. (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question is in reference to US pull out from UNESCO due to accusation against the organization for being Anti-Israel. Here you need to explain about UNESCO as a organization in Introduction. Then in body, firstly you need to list out the important functions and roles of UNESCO. Then explain the given quote and link it with issues plaguing the world organization. Then explain the impact of US pull out and future of the institution in the conclusion. Anti-Israel bias: UNESCO criticizing Israel’s occupation of East Jerusalem, then naming ancient Jewish sites as Palestinian heritage sites and granting full membership to Palestine in 2011 among others. Example: UNESCO is the first U.N. agency that has admitted Palestine as a full member, in 2011. As required by law, the U.S. has stopped funding the UNESCO since then. The U.S. withdrawal took effect on December 31, 2018. With US being the largest donor pulling out, its left wanting for funds. With lack of funds and donor, it is at the risk of being closed down and several initiatives like world heritage sites, Education, Cultural promotion will take a hit. IASBABA REFERENCE: US Exits UNESCO: Can UN Bodies Survive US Apathy? Q11. On what grounds a people’s representative can be disqualified under the representation of people act, 1951? Also mention the remedies available to such person against his disqualification. (15 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: It is direct question. Mention on what grounds people’s representative can be disqualified. And mention remedies to protect them from disqualification Grounds: election offences and corrupt practices in the election, dismissal for corruption or disloyalty, failure to lodge account of election expenses, corrupt and malpractices in any type of media. Remedies: exemption from office of profit, opinion of election commission of India IASBABA REFERENCE: Recent developments in Karnataka and Goa legislative assemblies prove that the political problem of defection can’t be addressed by the legal solution of the anti-defection law. Comment. (TLP Phase-II 2019) Polity VAN-ILP https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/07/day-26-q-1-recent-developments-in-karnataka-and-goa-legislative-assemblies-prove-that-the-political-problem-of-defection-cant-be-addressed-by-the-legal-solution-of-the-anti-defection-law-c/ Q12. “Parliament’s power to amend the constitution is a limited power and it cannot be enlarged into absolute power”. In the light of this statement explain whether parliament under article 368 of the constitution can destroy the Basic structure of the constitution by expanding its amending power? (15 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The answer can begin with the explanation for the need to amend the Constitution – to make it relevant to changing times. It can cite the example of recent GST. Parliament has been vested with amending power so as to make Constitution a living and dynamic document. The answer can then give historical examples where Parliament using this power has tried to amend Constitution which led to dilution of Fundamental rights of Citizens (25th and 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act) thus threatening the basic principles of Constitutional Democracy. The answer can then explain about SC judgement on Parliament’s power to amend constitution in Kesavananda Bharati Case which gave the doctrine of Basic Structure. The answer can also elaborate on some of these basic structures – Independent Judiciary leading to striking down of NJAC. Therefore, along with strict procedures laid out in Article 368 for amending Constitution, Parliament is restricted its power to amend Constitution so that the soul of Constitution as envisaged by founding father of India remains intact. Important Judgements that can be used: Minerva Mill v. Union of India (1980): the validity of 42nd amendment Act was challenged on the ground that they are destructive of the ‘basic structure’ of the Constitution. The Supreme Court by majority by 4 to 1 majority struck down clauses (4) and (5) of the article 368 inserted by 42nd Amendment, on the ground that these clauses destroyed the essential feature of the basic structure of the constitution. Chandra Kumar v. Union of India (1997): The judgment held that every provision of the Constitution was open to amendment provided the basic foundation or structure of the Constitution was not damaged or destroyed. IASBABA REFERENCE: Does in your opinion the basic structure doctrine undermine parliamentary sovereignty? Critically examine. (TLP Phase-I 2019) https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2018/11/day-2-q-1-does-in-your-opinion-the-basic-structure-doctrine-undermine-parliamentary-sovereignty-critically-examine/ Q13. “The reservation of seats for women in the institution of local self-government has had a limited impact on the patriarchal character of the Indian political process”. Comment. (15 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The answer needs to provide both positive impacts as well as negatives of women reservation in India at the local governance level. The answer can start by mentioning the significance of local self-government (Democratic decentralisation, transparency & accountability) and the landmark 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts which provided for Constitutional status to these institutions. The second part of the answer can elaborate on need for reservation of seats for women in these institutions – Women are considered as largest minority, political process was confined largely to voting during elections and that too was dictated by male members of family. Through such affirmative actions, Women are empowered politically so that theirs concerns are given importance at grass root level. Due to these measures their bargaining power has not only increased in public sphere but also increased in private sphere due to enhanced socio-political awareness among women. This enhanced awareness has led to fighting Patriarchy both at home and at public places. Other reasons - Khap Panchayats, they play a major role in restricting the empowerment of women and curtail their freedom. The low literacy level of women, lack of social encouragement due to societal norms, etc. The answer should also elaborate on the phenomena of Pati Sarpanch- where women representatives are proxies and real power is still exercised by their male counterparts. The domination of male members in these local institution coupled with inadequate capabilities of women (administrative and educational) has led to continuance of Patriarchy. The answer can conclude by citing examples of certain states who have increased the reservation for women up to 50% and rising demand for reservation of seats for women at State and Union legislatures. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP VAN and Mock Q14. “The Attorney-General is the chief legal adviser and lawyer of the Government of India.” Discuss (15 Marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question is a direct one which needs to elaborate the role and duties of Attorney-General of India. The answer can start by mentioning about Article 76 of Constitution which has provided for the office of the Attorney General for India. The answer can elaborate on the appointment and terms of the office of Attorney-General of India and can then expand on the duties performed. Conclude the answer by highlighting the need for such office (Government is the biggest litigant in Indian courts). Examples: AG acted as legal adviser and lawyer of Government of India: Need to link social media profiles of registered users with their Aadhaar numbers—Attorney General appeared for Tamilnadu Government in SC The Supreme Court has fixed a deadline for the search committee on Lokpal to recommend a panel of names for appointment of the country’s first anti-graft ombudsman.—- Attorney General appeared for Centre. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP VAN and Mock Q15. Individual parliamentarian’s role as the national lawmaker is on a decline, which in turn, has adversely impacted the quality of debates and their outcome. Discuss. (15 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question needs to mention the role of MLA’s, who play a significant role in law making process of the country. The reason for the decline of quality of debates and consequences of such trend. Parliament is considered as temple of Democracy where elected representatives arrive at decision regarding governance after debates & deliberations. It is considered as the highest platform for holding the executive accountable for their actions. The answer can then mention the reasons for its decline – Tyranny of Political Parties through instruments of Whip and Anti-defection law curbing the voice of individual lawmakers, live telecasting of Parliamentary proceeding incentivizing sensationalization of issues often neglecting meaningful discussions, use of obstructionist strategy by opposition to target ruling party, criminalization of Politics, reduction in number of sitting days of legislature and politicization of office of Speaker. The impact is decline in credibility of the institution and thus its role in holding executive accountable for their policies & actions. This has led to poorly drafted legislations and authoritarian tendencies of executive. The answer can conclude by suggesting reforms to rectify the situation – increase the number of days of Parliamentary sittings, restrict anti-defection law only to no-confidence motions, reforms in Office of Speaker etc. as suggested in ARC 2. IASBABA REFERENCE: A similar question was asked in ILP Mock- The centre has a lot of dead weight in terms of ministries that are either nonfunctional or have delicate roles. Do you agree? Substantiate. How can this be addressed? Suggest Q16. ‘In the context of the neo-liberal paradigm of developmental planning, multi-level planning is expected to make operations cost-effective and remove many implementation blockages’- Discuss (15 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: Here, you need to explain how in the era of neo-liberal paradigm, multi-level planning has brought inefficiency in governance and made the implementation process smooth. In introduction mention the change in developmental planning in the context of the neo-liberal era. Then in body, explain what is multi-level planning, then explain how multi-level planning is going to make operations cost-effective and remove implementation blockages. Multi-level planning is expected to reduce regional disparities and bring more equity in development since the chief factor behind persistent regional imbalances has been diagnosed as the unstudied application of the macro plan at micro levels without necessary modifications/detailing by the local development planners to address the particular requirements of an area/target group. Examples: Mention how expertise (subject/sector-specific) are involved in planning there by a detailed plan along with identification of bottlenecks in done and a solution is given mention how with the involvement of bottom level workers, ground-level difficulties/hindrances are taken into account. How there is going to be proper linkages between all stakeholders thereby proper flow of command and communication etc. How in the neo-liberal phase, planning is done giving importance to local cultures and geography. Example – resource-based mobilization, job creation as we see in Punjab (wool based), West Bengal and Assam (Tea based). Q17. The need for cooperation among various service sectors has been an inherent component of development discourse. Partnership bridges the gap among the sectors. It also sets in motion a culture of ‘collaboration’ and ‘team spirit’. In the light of statements above examine India’s development process. (15 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: Initially mention the significance of cooperation in service sectors, which plays an important role in a country’s development. Later examine the present scenario of co-operation in India’s service sector and conclude with suggestions in overcoming the gap among various sectors. Example: Co-operation among Education, skill development, Health sector holds significance in India’s context. India has a huge demographic dividend and it has to be leveraged fruitfully over the next few decades. The potential of our youth has to be realized through education, skill development, elimination of gender bias, employment and good health. So the three sectors need to work in tandem to leverage the benefit of demographic dividend. Co-operation among tourism, transport, hospitality. All these sectors need to work in co-operation which will not only generate revenue for the government but also create many employment opportunities to the people. Q18. Performance of welfare schemes that are implemented for vulnerable sections is not so effective due to the absence of their awareness and active involvement at all stages of policy process. Discuss (15 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The crux of the question is on low effectiveness of the welfare schemes for vulnerable sections because of lack of awareness of the schemes and participation of the vulnerable section in all the 3 stages of policy process- policy formulation, implementation, evaluation. You can come up with case studies here. Example: Case 1: How central government’s minimum support price failed marginal farmers-In 2018-19, just 12% of the 33 million farmers who were growing wheat availed of the government’s minimum support price (MSP), or the price at which it promises to buy 25 crops from farmers, regardless of their prevailing market price. The rest were sold in mandis, whose access was usually controlled by middlemen and where market prices are often below government MSPs. This is a case of lack of awareness among the farmers and also price is not fixed based on the consultation with the farmers(vulnerable section) Case 2: The Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Scheme (BBBPS) is a flagship programme run by the central government to ensure the survival, protection and education of the girl child. The programme has failed in few districts because of  lack of policy implementation, diversion of funds and the failure of monitoring mechanisms. This is a case where stakeholders are not involved in policy monitoring process. This data is for your reference: Haryana has 20 districts that are in the gender-critical district list. As per the guidelines, Rs 5 lakh were to be provided to each district for implementing the scheme. The diversion of funds has been noted in various districts of Haryana. For example, in Panipat out of the Rs 5 lakh received by the district, three were spent on the preparation of a ‘Theme Gate’ at the town’s entrance to mark the launching of the scheme. The expenditure has been categorised as ‘irregular’ and is equivalent to the diversion of funds. IASBABA REFERENCE: Even though entitlement based poverty alleviation measures address the symptoms of deprivation, they fail to create the enabling milieu needed for sustainability. Elucidate. (TLP plus/OFFLINE Test-7) Q19. “The long sustained image of India as a leader of the oppressed and marginalised nations has disappeared on account of its newfound role in the emerging global order.’ Elaborate (15 Marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question is asking you to elaborate on how the role of India has changed, as a leader of the least developed nations to the new role it has acquired being one of the leaders of the new global order. How modern India prefers to prioritize its own national interests over the collective interests of developing nation. India, has long been hailed as a leader of the oppressed and marginalised nations (least developed nations) Example: Struggle against imperialism, formation NAM, G77. However, post-economic liberalisation (especially in the 21st century) economic prosperity is seen as the key to a county’s attainment of great power status and has been the driving force in India’s current worldview. Example: India has engaged in economic development in Africa, securing oil fields in Central Asia, being Israel’s biggest arms market. Indian no longer discriminates between Israel, Palestine, US, Russia etc. Economic linkages are being seen as a means to promote ‘stability’ as in the case of China (being the largest trading partner with India). Or strategic alignment with US for nuclear cooperation. So now, modern India prefers to prioritize its own national interests over the collective interests of developing nation. Q20. What introduces friction into the ties between India and the United States is that Washington is still unable to find for India a position in its global strategy, which would satisfy India’s national self-esteem and ambitions’. Explain with suitable examples. (15 Marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question is pointing to the friction between the US and India because the US is not able to find a place for India in its global strategy/policy. India aspires to be the leader of emerging global order (Ambitions in terms of economic, political), but that does not perfectly fit in US’s strategy which is leading to friction between India and US. Example: India wants to be the leader in the Service sector, with its abundant educated population (English speaking), but now the same is available from south-east Asian countries. And also with the Protectionism measure recently taken by the US, it is not able to satisfy India’s ambitions. India’s relationship with Iran (for its Energy security), makes it difficult for the US to fit India in its scheme of things, as it has a strained relationship with Iran and issued sanctions recently. India’s Make in India policy (to make India self-sufficient and a global manufacturing hub), giving importance to indigenous goods and services had created issues with US-based solar companies which also resulted in trade disputes between India and US. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP VAN and Mock END NOTE: You can discuss and comment below to have more inputs from fellow aspirants. Paper 3 and 4 will be published soon. TLP Connect 2020: Prelims + Mains+ Interview Mentorship Based Programme (OFFLINE and ONLINE) [embed]https://www.youtube.com/embed/57pdBuBEwCw[/embed] Important timelines in the Video: Initial 10 mins - about IASbaba and Team 13 minutes onwards - Philosophy behind TLP and Details about TLP Connect Mentorship programme 35mins, 30 Sec onwards - Art of Answer Writing 1:14:25 (hr:min:sec) onwards - Live Demo of Answer Writing 1:37:30 onwards - Ethics Strategy 2:19:45 onwards - Right Attitude for UPSC Preparation DOWNLOAD THE PDFS GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 1-2019 GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 2-2019

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz - 2020 : IAS Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 78

UPSC Quiz - 2020 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 78 Archives Q.1) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Participatory Guarantee Scheme (PGS)’ It is a process of certifying organic products, which ensures that their production takes place in accordance with laid-down quality standards. Individual farmers or group of farmers smaller than five members are not covered under PGS. Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘PACEsetter Fund’ The mission of the PACEsetter Fund is to accelerate the commercialization of innovative off-grid clean energy access solutions by providing early-stage grant funding that would allow businesses to develop and test innovative products, business models and systems. It was constituted by India and the USA in 2015 as a joint fund. Select the correct statements  1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.3) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘GIFCT’ It is established by International Telecommunication Union. It is dedicated to disrupting terrorist abuse of members’ digital platforms. Select the correct statements  1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.4) ‘North Macedonia’ is NOT bordered by Greece Italy Kosovo Albania Q.5) A new Leadership Group for Industry Transition that will drive transformation in hard-to-decarbonize and energy-intensive sectors was announced at the UN Climate Action Summit. Consider the following statements in this regard. It will be supported by the World Economic Forum. It was initiated by the United States of America. Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 To Download the Solution - Click here All the Best  IASbaba