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Nov 24, 2018 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs [Prelims + Mains Focus] - 23rd November 2018

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs (Prelims + Mains Focus)- 23rd November 2018 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) India, Pak. commit to Kartarpur corridor Part of: GS Prelims and Mains II – India and its neighbours; International Relations In news: India and Pakistan agreed to build the Kartarpur Sahib corridor for Sikh pilgrims to visit the Gurdwara in Kartarpur (Pakistan) Both the countries exchanged letters committing to build the required infrastructure for visa-free direct travel by Sikh pilgrims to Pakistan’s Kartarpur Sahib gurdwara. November 2019 marks 550th birth anniversary of Guru Nanak Dev Do you know? India had first proposed the Kartarpur Sahib corridor in 1999 when the then Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee took a bus ride to Lahore. Gurdwara in Kartarpur The gurdwara in Kartarpur is located on the bank of river Ravi in Pakistan It is about four km from the Dera Baba Nanak shrine, and about 120 km northeast of Lahore It was here that Guru Nanak assembled a Sikh community and lived for 18 years until his death in 1539 The shrine is visible from the Indian side, as Pakistani authorities generally trim the elephant grass that would otherwise obstruct the view Indian Sikhs gather in large numbers for darshan from the Indian side, and binoculars are installed at Gurdwara Dera Baba Nanak The gurdwara was opened to pilgrims after repairs and restoration in 1999, and Sikh jathas have been visiting the shrine regularly ever since Sikh jathas from India travel to Pakistan on four occasions every year- for Baishakhi, the martyrdom day of Guru Arjan Dev, the death anniversary of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, and the birthday of Guru Nanak Dev. Pic: https://d39gegkjaqduz9.cloudfront.net/TH/2018/11/23/DEL/Delhi/TH/5_01/88722918_2544650_101_mr.jpg 9th round of City Gas Distribution(CGD) Part of: GS Prelims and Mains II and III – Government schemes and policies; Environment and Ecology; Pollution In news: Prime Minister laid the foundation stone to mark the commencement of work for 9th round of City Gas Distribution(CGD). Major aim is to move towards a gas based economy and promote the usage of environment friendly clean fuel i.e. natural gas as a fuel/feedstock across the country. Presently the share of gas in the country’s energy mix is just over 6% and the aim is to reach the 15% figure, while the world average is 24%. Do you know? The Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB) has initiated the process of new CGD bidding round covering 124 districts in 14 States to increase the potential coverage to about 53% of the country’s area covering 70% of country’s population. CGD will help in supporting governments various clean energy initiatives of the Union Government like Ethanol Blending, Compressed Biogas plants, increased LPG coverage and introduction of BS-6 fuels for automobiles. Atmosphere and Climate Research-Modelling Observing Systems & Services (ACROSS) and National Facility for Airborne Research (NFAR) Part of: GS Prelims and Mains II and III – Government schemes and policies; Environment and Ecology; Pollution In news: The Government has approved continuation of the nine sub-schemes of the umbrella scheme "Atmosphere & Climate Research-Modelling Observing Systems & Services (ACROSS)" during 2017-2020. The scheme will be implemented by the Ministry of Earth Sciences. ACROSS scheme pertains to the atmospheric science programs of the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) and addresses different aspects of weather and climate services, which includes warnings for cyclone, storm surges, heat waves, thunderstorms etc. The ACROSS scheme consists of nine sub-programmes which are multi disciplinary and multi institutional in nature and will be implemented in an integrated manner through IMD, HIM, NCMRWF and INCOIS. Government has also approved establishment of National Facility for Airborne Research (NFAR). The scheme will provide improved weather, climate and ocean forecast and services, thereby ensuring transfer of commensurate benefits to the various services like Public weather service, disaster management, Agro-meteorological Services, Aviation services, Environmental monitoring services, Hydro-meteorological services, climate services, tourism, pilgrimage, power generation, water management, Sports & adventure etc. (MAINS FOCUS) AGRICULTURE TOPIC:General studies 3 Agriculture and related issues Infrastructure: irrigation facilities Disaster management Drought warning Introduction After two years of relatively good rains, large parts of Maharashtra (especially the Marathwada region and the adjoining districts of Jalgaon, Nashik, Ahmednagar, Sholapur, Amravati and Yavatmal), North Gujarat, Saurashtra, Kutch and North Karnataka are reeling under drought. Farmers' distress this year What is different this time is that it has been induced by the southwest monsoon’s failure in the second half of the season. The rains were, in fact, quite good in most of these areas during June-July. The monsoon’s timely arrival led to the area sown under kharif crops being more or less normal. Farmers were, however, caught unaware by the extended dry spell from August, when their already planted crops were in the late vegetative growth stage. These farmers are in no position to plant a rabi crop; there’s hardly any soil and subsoil moisture left to allow that. What would worry them more is providing water and fodder to their cattle and buffaloes. Farmers already burdened by successive years of low crop realisations and the more recent spike in the cost of diesel, fertiliser and pesticides. Drought: When, and how, does a state govt declare one? While the word ‘drought’ usually brings to mind a period of unusually dry weather, crop damage and water supply shortages, there are guidelines in place for a state government for declaring a drought in a state or area. A manual published by the Ministry of Agriculture in 2016 suggests a three-step approach. The first step is to look at two mandatory indicators — rainfall deviation and dry spell. Depending on the extent of deviation, and whether or not there is a dry spell, the manual specifies various situations that may or may not be considered a drought trigger. The second step is to look at four impact indicators — agriculture, vegetation indices based on remote sensing, soil moisture, and hydrology. Each impact can be assessed on the basis of various indices. If all three chosen indicators are in the ‘severe’ category, it amounts to severe drought; and if two of the three chosen impact indicators are in the ‘moderate’ or ‘severe’ class, it amounts to moderate drought. The third step comes in after both previous triggers have been set off. States will conduct sample survey for ground truthing, in order to make a final determination of drought. The finding of field verification exercise will be the final basis for judging the intensity of drought as ‘severe’ or ‘moderate’. Once a drought is determined, the state government needs to issue a notification specifying the geographical extent. The notification is valid for six months, unless de-notified earlier. Way forward For the governments at the Centre and in the concerned states, the most sensible option is to act fast. Maharashtra has claimed that more than half of its talukas are already facing “drought-like” conditions. There is no reason to delay sending Central teams to ascertain the ground situation and officially declare drought. Rabi season drought may be a somewhat rare phenomenon, but its impact on crop production and supply of water and fodder is no less, extending to the following summer. Preparation for starting fodder camps, taking up MGNREGA works or making direct benefit transfers to the most vulnerable families should start sooner than later. Connecting the dots: How drought is declared in a state? Briefly explain the procedure. What are the reasons behind frequent droughts in comparatively more developed states of Maharashtra and Gujarat? NATIONAL TOPIC:General studies 2 Elections: various types of voting system The Maine example: The preferential voting system Introduction The recently concluded mid-term elections in the U.S. received a lot of attention as the opposition Democrats managed to decisively bring about a “blue wave” to capture the House of Representatives. The preferential voting system The electoral system used exclusively in Maine in House polls features not just a choice of the candidates, but also a preferential ranking of them. A voter can choose just one candidate, but also rank candidates in an order of preference. If a candidate wins 50% of the mandate plus one vote, she is declared the winner. But if the candidate falls short of this threshold, the candidates are ranked again based on their second choices. And if this still falls below the threshold, the contest moves on to the third round, and so on. Nobel laureate Amartya Sen had lauded the preferential voting system before it was implemented in Maine, as the ordered voting allows for a true majority choice to emerge, both in the form of the candidate chosen as well as the reflection of the views of the majority, unlike the simple first-past-the-post (FPTP) system. First-past-the-post (FPTP) system In the FPTP system, the leading candidate can win an election despite winning a minority of the votes. This happened in the U.S. in 2016, when Donald Trump won the presidency despite winning less than 50% of the vote, thanks largely due to the nature of the electoral college, but also due to third candidates acting as spoilers in several seats in swing States. India too follows an FPTP system. In several States with a high number of effective parties in particular (U.P. and Bihar, for instance), parties which secure less than 50% of the vote tend to win substantive majorities. In the past, this was mitigated at the Central level by the need for coalitions — even if the leading party in the election fell short in vote share terms, it had to get the support of regional parties to go past the halfway mark in seat terms. This rendered the system a truly representative one. In 2014, however, the NDA won the majority of seats despite a vote share of only 38.5% and little accretion of outside support after the election. Conclusion Even if the preferential voting system is more complicated than the FPTP system, it is worth considering as a just alternative in the longer term. Connecting the dots: The preferential voting system ensures a truly representative winner. Critically examine the suitability of this voting system in India. (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Featured Comments and comments Up-voted by IASbaba are the “correct answers”. IASbaba App users – Team IASbaba will provide correct answers in comment section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1) Consider the following statements regarding Kartarpur Sahib Gurudwara: This corridor was firstly proposed by Pakistan in 2015. Pilgrimages between India and Pakistan are governed by the 1974 Protocol on Visits to Religious Shrines. Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) Consider the below statements about Atmosphere & Climate Research-Modelling Observing Systems & Services (ACROSS) scheme: The scheme will provide improved weather, climate and ocean forecast and services. It will be implemented by the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) under Ministry of Home Affairs. Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.3) First Past the post system (FPPS) of election system is currently in use in India. Which of the following statements are correct regarding FPPS? A candidate who first crosses more than 50% of votes wins the election. This process is used in Lok Sabha, Legislative Assembly and Presidential elections in India. Select the code from following: 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.4) Consider the following statements with reference to the systems of election Every constituency elects one representative Voters Vote for a Party Voters vote for a Candidate Every party gets seats in the legislature in proportion to the percentage of votes it secures Candidate who wins the election may not secure majority of the votes cast Which of the above statement/s is/are not a feature of Proportional System of election? 1 and 2 only 1, 2 and 4 only 1, 3 and 5 only 1, 2 and 5 only Q.5) Which among the following is not true in regard to First Past the Post (FPTP) system and Proportional Representation (PR) system? In India all key representatives, except President and Vice President are elected via FPTP system. FPTP allows voters to choose between people rather than between parties. PR ensures that smaller parties get representation in the legislature PR encourages new parties to emerge and more women and minorities to contest for political power. MUST READ Aligning the triad: On India’s nuclear deterrence The Hindu Get the model right: on state-sponsored insurance The Hindu Gandhi opposed Partition The Hindu Spirituality vs Terror Indian Express The power of political push Indian Express Failing the Maoists’ victims Indian Express

Nov 24, 2018 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs [Prelims + Mains Focus] - 22nd November 2018

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs (Prelims + Mains Focus)- 22nd November 2018 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Jammu and Kashmir Governor dissolved the State Assembly Part of: GS Prelims and Mains II – Indian Polity; Centre State Relations In news: Jammu and Kashmir Governor passed an order in exercise of the powers conferred upon him by Section 53 of the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir to dissolve the Legislative Assembly. Powers invoked by the Governor on the basis of the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir Section 92 has provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in the State Section 53(2)(b) provides for the dissolution of the Assembly Powers of Governor of other States (i.e., except Jammu and Kashmir) Governor can dissolve the legislative assembly if the chief minister advices him to do following a vote of no confidence. Now, it is up to the Governor what he/she would like to do. Governor, on his/her discretion can recommend the president about the failure of the constitutional machinery in the state. If there is NO political party with a clear cut majority in the assembly, Governor on his/her discretion can appoint anybody as chief minister. Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary in news: Point Calimere Part of: GS Prelims and Mains III – Protected areas; Conservation of biodiversity In news: After Cyclone Gaja struck, the wildlife sanctuary looks like a deserted war zone, hundreds of birds have died, trees have been uprooted or their branches broken or defoliated. The Point Calimere sanctuary, covering 1728.81 hectares, is home to 564 flowering plants, 198 medicinal plants, 14 types of mammals, 18 reptiles and nine amphibians. About Pt Calimere It is a protected area in Tamil Nadu. The flagship species of the sanctuary is the near threatened blackbuck antelope, one of the four antelope species in India (Chinkara, Chausingha and Nilgai being the other three) and the most numerous large animal in the sanctuary. This site has recorded the second largest congregation of migratory waterbirds in India, with a peak population in excess of 100,000, representing 103 species. Great flamingo, Painted Stork, Little Stint, Seagull and Brown-headed gull are normally found in the sanctuary. For more: https://iasbaba.com/2018/11/iasbabas-daily-current-affairs-prelims-mains-focus-14th-november-2018/ U.S. citizen killed by Andaman tribals In news: U.S. citizen was killed by Andaman tribals when he tried to enter the North Sentinel Island (one of the Andaman Islands). Do you know? Access to North Sentinel Island and its buffer zone is strictly restricted under the Protection of Aboriginal Tribe (Regulation), 1956 and Regulations under Indian Forest Act, 1927. Photographing or filming the tribe members is also an offence. The rules were amended later to enhance penalties. But restricted area permits were relaxed for some islands recently. Who are these Sentinelese? The Sentinelese, a negrito tribe who live on the North Sentinel Island of the Andamans, have not faced incursions and remain hostile to outsiders. The inhabitants are connected to the Jarawa on the basis of physical, as well as linguistic similarities, researchers say. Based on carbon dating of kitchen middens by the Anthropological Survey of India, Sentinelese presence was confirmed in the islands to 2,000 years ago. Genome studies indicate that the Andaman tribes could have been on the islands even 30,000 years ago. The Sentinelese have been fiercely hostile to outside contact. But in 1991 they accepted some coconuts from a team of Indian anthropologists and administrators. Some researchers argue that the Sentinelese have been mostly left alone even from colonial times, unlike other tribes such as the Onges, Jarawas and Great Andamanese, because the land they occupy has little commercial attraction. How many are there? From 1901 to 1921 they were estimated to be 117 people. In 1931, the number dropped to 50, a figure used for the 1961 Census too. In 1991 their head count was put at 23. Census 2001 counted 39 inhabitants. Virtual climate summit Part of: GS Prelims and Mains III – Environment and Ecology; Climate Change; Global warming In news: World leaders to participate in an innovative climate change summit that will take place entirely online so it is carbon neutral. The Virtual Climate Summit is the brainchild of Marshall Islands President Hilda Heine, whose low-lying Pacific island nation will drown beneath rising seas if global warming continues unabated. It will be the first global political meeting to be held online. The virtual summit’s main aim is to encourage the international community to keep global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. The latest round of UN climate talks, COP24, will open in the southern Polish city of Katowice on December 2 with the aim of reinvigorating the Paris agreement. Animal in news: Ortolan Bunting Part of: GS Prelims and Mains III – Environment and Ecology;In news: ‘First photo’ of Ortolan Bunting in India is out; the bird was photographed near Mangaluru. ‘Ortolan Bunting’ - breeds from Mongolia to Europe and migrates to Africa via the Middle East. IUCN status: “Least Concern” category Miscellaneous e-registration must for jobs in 18 countries – Passport holders with “non-Emigration Check Required (non-ECR)” status will soon have to get themselves registered with the Ministry of External Affairs before taking up jobs abroad. Person in news: Kim Jong-yang of South Korea has been chosen as Interpol chief Rabab: is a lute-like musical instrument originating from central Afghanistan. The rubab is mainly used by Pashtun, Tajik, Turkish, Kashmiri, Baluch, Azerbaijani, and Iranian Kurdish classical musicians. Rubab is one of the national musical instruments of Afghanistan. It is considered to be one of the Kashmir’s folk music. The word ‘rabab’ comes from rooh (soul) and bab (expression). It should stir the soul. (MAINS FOCUS) NATIONAL TOPIC:General studies 2, 3 and 4 Constitution, Issues related to Governance, judiciary Indian economy: Industrialization Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions; Strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; Case Studies on above issues Amid institutional decline Introduction There has been observed a decline in the working of various government institutions over time. This decline is partly fuelled by the wrong policies undertaken by the government and partly because of the impact of such decision making. Examples of institutions in decline The involvement of the government in the decision making process of the investigative agencies such as CBI has undermined their independence and autonomy. Further, there are growing differences between RBI and the government on numberof fundamental issues. In this regard, the RBI’s deputy Governor has warned that there could be serious consequences if there is erosion in the autonomy of the RBI. The Election Commission was under a cloud over the announcement of election dates, action taken against some Delhi legislators and the functioning of electronic voting machines. The ongoing #MeToo movement has exposed the sordid goings-on in large swathes of the media and the entertainment industry. Then there is the attempt to introduce Civil Service Rules in Central universities, an attempt to erode the autonomy of academics. The crisis in the banking system and the huge non-performing assets that overrun their balance sheets impact the viability of the financial system. The functioning of the judiciary itself has been a cause for concern. The list of institutions in decline is long. The decline of institutions in India is not recent. The present and past: two case studies Demonetization In 2016, demonetization brought out the centralisation of power and a lack of consultation with important sections of the government. The RBI and the banks were marginalised. The chaos prevailed for months and about 99% of the money came back into the system, thus defeating the very purpose of carrying out this draconian measure. Those with black money escaped and those who had never seen black money were put to great hardship. Mess in CBI Political interference in the agency and corruption among its ranks have been talked about but are hard to prove. The Supreme Court, in 2013, even called the agency a ‘caged parrot’ but this was not concrete enough. The political Opposition when feeling the heat of various investigations has always accused the agency of being its ‘master’s voice’. The intervention by the Supreme Court in the CBI issue places a question mark on the independence of the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) and the functioning of the government as a whole in making key appointments in the CBI. Further, the credibility of institutions has come under doubts due to lack of transparency in the appointment process and lack of proper investigation of politically sensitive cases. The dilemma The ‘committed bureaucracy’ is an idea floated during the Emergency. The issue is: Committed to whom? To the national interest or to the rulers? Another dilemma is, can a dishonest system be managed honestly? Impacts of institutional decline The rule of law is being subverted and illegality being committed on a large scale. Growth of the black economy is a measure of illegality. It has gone up from 4-5% of GDP in 1955-56 to the present level of 62%. It has become ‘systematic and systemic’ and eroded institutional functioning all across the board. This has damaged institutions. The fight against widespread graft in the country has been set back. Do you know? A.V. Dicey’s Rule of Law Supremacy of the law (Absence of arbitrary power) Equality before the law Individual Liberties The Supreme Court in Bachan Singh Vs. State of Punjab emphasizes that Rule of law excludes arbitrariness and unreasonableness. Conclusion Institutions provide the framework for individuals and systems to function. Their breakdown leads to a breakdown of societal functioning — democracy is weakened, the sense of justice is eroded and the Opposition is sought to be suppressed. If institutions are strong, they are respected and it becomes difficult to manipulate them. It enables the honest to survive. In strong institutions, individual corruption is an aberration but when they weaken, it becomes generalised. It leads to individualisation, illegality becomes acceptable and the collective interest suffers. Thus, there is need for adherence to the rule of law and need to restore the institutional integrity and its independent functioning. There is need for committed bureaucracy which should work in favour of national interest. Connecting the dots: It is difficult to manage a dishonest system honestly. Critically comment. INTERNATIONAL TOPIC:General studies 2 Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India's interests Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India's interests When giants clash: on the US-China discord Introduction The APEC Summit was recently concluded without any form a joint statement from the member countries due to conflict of opinion between US led countries and China led camp of countries. Do you know? About APEC: The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a regional economic forum established in 1989 to leverage the growing interdependence of the Asia-Pacific. Purpose: It aims to create greater prosperity for the people of the region by promoting balanced, inclusive, sustainable, innovative and secure growth and by accelerating regional economic integration. APEC Functioning: APEC ensures that goods, services, investment and people move easilyacross borders. Members facilitate this trade through faster customs procedures at borders; more favorable business climates behind the border; and aligning regulations and standards across the region.APEC's initiative to synchronize regulatory systems is a key step to integrating the Asia- Pacific economy. US-China rivalry in APEC: The on-going global trade war between China & US has split the APEC member countries between American and Chinese camps. US has accused China of using unfair trade practices and has been pressuring China to improve access to its markets, grant IPR to American companies, cut back on industrial subsides and reduce the American trade deficit with China. China intends for greater role of BRI among APEC member countries which is not supported by US and has opposed the protectionist measures undertaken by US and its imposition of tariffs on Chinese imports. Impacts of US-China rivalry If this continues, eventually global supply chains may be hit, and shrinking trade volumes may cause companies to seek out new trading routes and partners. Institutionally, multilateral rule-making bodies such as the WTO may lose their authority, and an interlocking system of bilateral trade treaties and punitive sanctions networks may substitute the consensus-based approach that was forged so painstakingly after World War II. Asia will be at the heart of this war of attrition because strategic control of its high-value maritime trading routes is the key to China’s dreams of global trade dominance. Conclusion After the APEC summit the world is still poised on the edge of the trade war vortex. The forthcoming G20 meeting in Argentina offers an opportunity to pull back from the brink. Connecting the dots: Analyse the impacts of US-China trade war on global rule and consensus based trade approach. (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Featured Comments and comments Up-voted by IASbaba are the “correct answers”. IASbaba App users – Team IASbaba will provide correct answers in comment section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1) Consider the following statements about Polavaram Project It implements Godavari-Krishna link under National River Linking Project It has been accorded national project status by the central government The dam is across the Krishna River Which of the following statements are correct? 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.2) Consider the following about Rubab: It is a flute-like musical instrument originating from central Afghanistan. It is a traditional dance form of eastern Indian states of Jharkhand, West Bengal and Odisha. It is a bowed, short-necked string instrument from India as well as Nepal which is used in Hindustani classical music. Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 None of the above Q.3) Consider the below statements about the dissolution of Lok Sabha: When Lok sabha is dissolved, all business including bills, motions, resolutions, notices, petitions and so on pending before it or its committees lapse. A bill passed by the Lok Sabha but pending in the Rajya Sabha does not lapses. A bill pending in the Rajya Sabha but not passed by the Lok Sabha does not lapse. Which of the above statements are correct? 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 All of the above Q.4) Which of the following tribes is not found in Andaman and Nicobar Islands? Jarawas Onges Sentinelese Cholanaikayan MUST READ War without end? On the attack on Kabul The Hindu The post and the person: on strengthening the ECOLOGY The Hindu Getting justice for Asia Bibi The Hindu No check, little balance Indian Express Partnership With A Difference Indian Express Violence, theirs and ours Indian Express Two patriarchies Indian Express New labour for new India Indian Express

Nov 23, 2018 RSTV Video

RSTV - Sri Lanka Crisis Deepens

Sri Lanka Crisis Deepens Archives In News: Sri Lanka’s parliament passed a no-confidence motion against newly appointed Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa, presenting a standoff with the opposition and throwing the country deeper into turmoil. Deputies from Rajapaksa’s party rejected the voice vote as illegal, saying it wasn’t scheduled and that the pro-China former strongman would remain in office. First, President Maithripala Sirisena dismisses Prime Minister Ranil Wickramasinghe, who was his choice. Then he installs as Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa, the former President and someone whom Sirisena had defeated in the most recent election. Sirisena realised that Wickramasinghe was popular, so he dissolved Parliament but the Supreme Court ruled it illegal. Sirisena still did not want to call Parliament. The Speaker refused to obey. The outgoing Prime Minister knew he could win a vote of confidence and Rajapaksa could not win. Then Sirisena promised elections in January. Parliament was summoned by the Speaker. Rajapaksa lost the confidence vote. Can we call it a Constitutional crisis? Sirisena’s decisions are unlikely to pass the test of the courts since the constitution explicitly bars early dissolution of the House unless two-thirds of its members vote for it. However, events are moving at a pace that may make it impossible to restore status quo even if the court overrules the president’s decisions. Whatever be the judicial outcome, the ongoing chaos threatens to push Sri Lanka back to a state of political uncertainty that it cannot afford. Though it has been a decade since the war in the north ended, there has been limited progress on the resolution of issues that nearly split the country on ethnic lines. The sudden developments in Sri Lanka have thrown into uncertainty the few steps that the country finally took this year to address post-war issues of transitional justice and rehabilitation, which it had committed to at the UN Human Rights Council in 2015. As President, Rajapaksa had invited UN censure for not doing enough on this front. Instead, after winning the war against the LTTE in 2009, he unleashed a majoritarian triumphalism that dashed all hopes for reconciliation. Difference between the Constitution of India and Sri Lanka Sri Lanka, which had a Constitution like India’s, changed it to one more like the French Constitution, where the President chooses the Prime Minister who has to command confidence of Parliament. But there is no way to remove the President. The consequences of Sirisena’s decision go beyond a mere change of regime; it may lead to a reversal of the structural changes in the polity achieved since 2015. Conclusion South Asia has been the home of religions preaching nonviolence but its politics has been very violent. There have been regional disputes, competing nationhoods as well as communal conflicts. India has asked that democratic values and constitutional process be respected. This is due to the fact that further chaos could derail Colombo’s slow progress towards rebuilding its economy and healing the wounds of the civil war. Afterall, a peaceful neighbour is always beneficial for a country like India. Connecting the Dots: How does Sri Lanka feature in India’s strategic roadmap for the future? What concerns does India have with respect to China’s increasing influence in Sri Lanka? Examine.

Nov 23, 2018 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz- 2019 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz [Day 115]

UPSC Quiz- 2019 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz [Day 115] Archives Q.1) ‘Bhudhaar’, an initiative launched by Andhra Pradesh is related to Medical Insurance Crop Insurance Land Registrations Subsidised Electricity Q.2) The place called ‘Lusaka’ was recently in news. Where is it located? South East Asia Central Asia Northern Africa None of the above Q.3) ‘Battle of Aberdeen’ is associated with Natives of the Andaman Islands Natives of the Lakshadweep Islands Rohingyas of Myanmar Matuas of Bengal Q.4) ‘Virtual Climate Summit’, is the brainchild of Denmark Sweden Norway Marshall Islands Q.5) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Climate Vulnerable Forum (CVF)’ It was formed to increase the accountability of industrialized nations for the consequences of global climate change. It was founded by the Maldives during the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 To Download the Solution - Click here All the Best IASbaba

Nov 22, 2018 RSTV Video

RSTV - Regulating Private Hospitals

Regulating Private Hospitals Archives TOPIC: General Studies 2 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources. In News: The Delhi government’s Health Department will re-examine the draft policy framed by a committee to regularize the functioning of private hospitals in the capital, to understand the ‘rationale’ behind some of the suggestions. Why the Panel: The draft advisory was prepared on the basis of recommendations by a nine-member expert panel, headed by Director-General of Health Services Kirti Bhushan. The panel was formed on December 13 last year, after a family alleged medical negligence a private hospital for wrongly declaring a baby dead. Thoughts on the Draft Policy: Senior officials in the department are not satisfied with the draft policy and want the committee to work again on the entire report. On May 28, the Delhi government had proposed regulations restricting private hospitals and nursing homes from marking up prices of medicines and consumables over 50 percent of their procurement price. The draft was placed in the public domain for 30 days and suggestions were invited. The draft advisory suggested that private hospitals can charge patients the maximum retail price for medicines under the National List of Essential Medicines, 2015, as their prices have already been capped. The draft was ideally to be submitted by the end of June. It is already delayed by four months now. Instances of suspected medical negligence and exorbitant bills are not unusual. Some make it to the headlines, others don’t. While the step taken by the Delhi Government could have important signalling value perhaps, the problem needs a systemic and sustained solution. Basic tenets of regulating private healthcare: No payment at the point of service Governments as the primary spenders in healthcare Robust primary care system Regulation of prices of drugs and diagnostics Some health cover for every citizen In India, this is probably the highest barrier currently — public spending on health is less than 1% of GDP, and per capita public health spend is about $15, less than in Bhutan, Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines. The National Medical Commission Bill, 2016 proposes to address the issue of medical ethics through some key features – Firstly, it emphasises the need for developing a competency-based dynamic curriculum in consultation with stakeholders such that medical graduates not only have appropriate knowledge and skills, but also values and ethics for providing health care. Secondly, it proposes to establish the Board for Medical Registration which will also be responsible for prescribing the standards of professional conduct and framing a Code of Ethics for medical practitioners. Need to understand the dynamics of the game Address Information Asymmetry: Citizens need to be empowered so that they understand their rights and the recourse available to them should something go wrong. It is important to appreciate that healthcare is in any case plagued by tremendous information asymmetry. Patients as buyers of healthcare services and doctors as providers are definitely not equal players. Patients and their families often have little choice but to assume that their doctor knows best. It is, therefore, imperative that citizens are educated about diseases, possible complications and approximate treatment costs. Self-regulation: Best way froward While we can put in place external checks and balances, the need for the medical profession to self-regulate and adhere to the highest ethical standards cannot be underscored enough. States need to Step Up While the Central government needs to relook at the Clinical Establishments Act of 2010, (that though adopted by 14 states stands unimplemented) state governments must seize the moment and bring in regulations along the lines of, or bettering upon, what West Bengal and Karnataka have recently done. Karnataka legislated the constitution of empowered grievance redressal mechanisms at district levels; mandated hospitals to display prices for procedures; and ensure observance of a patient’s charter. Such patient-centric laws are urgently required. There is an equal urgency to building the institutional capacity to enforce them – Setting of protocols Computerisation of every patient interaction Supervision on real time basis An uncompromising approach to non-adherence of conditions need to go along with legal frameworks Such an environment protects both doctors — of whom a majority want to do good — and patients, from the greed of hospital investors and managers. We need to focus on building a strong public health system. It is not an either/or but given India’s dual disease burden and the fact that 50 per cent of deaths are now due to non-communicable diseases, we need to do more to keep people healthy and reduce the need for costly hospital treatment. Connecting the Dots: Suspending hospital licences is not a sustainable solution to a complex problem. Do you agree? Justify

Nov 22, 2018 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz- 2019 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz [Day 114]

UPSC Quiz- 2019 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz [Day 114] Archives Q.1) Consider the following statements The epistemology of Vaiśeṣika school of Hinduism accepted only two reliable means to knowledge - perception and inference Samkhya is the ancient school of Indian materialism Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) ‘Green Growth Equity Fund’ is a joint fund between BRICS Countries Quad Countries Member of International Solar Alliance None of the above Q.3) Consider the following statements about Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) It is an intergovernmental, binding, permanent framework and a structured process to gradually deepen defence cooperation within European Union framework It is formed to counter the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.4) 'Project C.A.T’ is A trap-neuter-return initiative for community cats in Mumbai A project aimed at conserving the wild tiger population, by Discovery Communications and World Wildlife Fund (WWF) A concept for a unmanned single-stage reusable spaceplane capable of horizontal take-off and landing by HAL None of the above Q.5) ‘Aghanashini Lion Tailed Macaque Conservation Reserve’ is located in Kerala Karnataka Tamil Nadu Goa To Download the Solution - Click here All the Best IASbaba

Nov 22, 2018 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs [Prelims + Mains Focus] - 21st November 2018

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs (Prelims + Mains Focus)- 21st November 2018 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Impact of demonetization on famers Part of: GS Mains III – Indian Economy and issues related to it; Social/Welfare issue In news: According to a report submitted by the Union Agriculture Ministry to the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Finance – Farmers were badly hit by demonetization, as many were unable to buy seeds without enough money. Demonetisation came at a time when farmers were engaged in either selling their Kharif crops or sowing the Rabi crops. Both these operations needed huge amounts of cash, which demonetisation removed from the market. Even bigger landlords faced a problem such as paying daily wages to the farmers and purchasing agriculture needs for growing crops. India, Russia to build stealth frigates Part of: GS Prelims and Mains II and III – India and the world; International Relations; Defence deal In news: Goa Shipyard Ltd. signs ₹500 mn deal with Russia’s Rosoboronexport to locally manufacture two stealth frigates with technology transfer. While the ships are built by Russia, the engines are supplied by Zorya Nashproekt of Ukraine. Do you know? In October 2016, India and Russia signed an Inter-Governmental Agreement (IGA) for four Krivak or Talwar stealth frigates — two to be procured directly from Russia and two to be built by GSL. Of late, GSL has maintained a good track record. It has delivered 28 ships ahead of schedule in the past four years. India recently signed a $1 bn deal with Russia for direct purchase of two frigates. The basic structures of the two frigates are already ready at the Yantar shipyard in Russia and will be finished now. Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana or “Saubhagya” scheme Part of: GS Prelims and Mains II – Government schemes and Policies; Rural development In news: International Energy Agency finds India's rural electrification one of the greatest success stories this year. Saubhagya Scheme aims to achieve universal household electrification in all parts of the country. The scheme primarily benefits rural areas, which have vast majority of households without power connections. The beneficiaries for free electricity connection would be identified using Socio Economic and Caste Census (SECC) 2011 data. The expected outcome of the Scheme is as follows: Environmental upgradation by substitution of Kerosene for lighting purposes Improvement education services Better health services Enhanced connectivity through radio, television, mobiles, etc. Increased economic activities and jobs Improved quality of life especially for women Persons in news: Justice Kuldip Singh Award to former Supreme Court Judge Vikramjit Sen In news: Former Supreme Court Judge Vikramjit Sen was awarded Justice Kuldip Singh Award by Vice-President M. Venkaiah Naidu. The award was given to Sen during the 104th birth anniversary celebrations of former Supreme Court Justice Judge V.R. Krishna Iyer. Do you know? Justice Iyer (former Supreme Court Judge) had also served as a Cabinet Minister in the first Communist government led by E.M.S Namboodiripad in Kerala. Miscellaneous: Bhudhaar scheme – Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu launched ‘Bhudhaar’, which will consist of an 11-digit unique figure aimed at enabling easy identification of details of the land parcel. 33% reservation for women – Odisha House passes 33% reservation for women in Legislative Assemblies and Parliament. India and Vietnam ties – India and Vietnam to launch their first “Bilateral Maritime Security Dialogue”. Both the countries “share a vision for the Indo-Pacific”. (MAINS FOCUS) HISTORY/NATIONAL TOPIC:General studies 1 History of the world and India: World war I Indian economy: Industrialization World War I: a turning point for the Indian economy Introduction The centenary celebration of the end of World War I has mostly focused on its political impact on India and the world. Less attention has been lavished on the economic impact of the conflagration. World War I ended the first era of globalization. Political impacts of World War I Some of the political impacts were; the implosion of multinational empires that led to the creation of new ethnic nations in Europe, as well as the communist capture of power in Russia. In India, the return of Punjabi soldiers after the end of the war also galvanised political activity against colonial rule in that province, which became the spark for wider protests. Economic impacts of World War I World War I also proved to be a turning point for the Indian economy. The economic historian Tirthankar Roy has explained in his work how the British engagement in World War I had a complicated impact on India. There was a sharp increase in demand for Indian goods in Britain as production capabilities in Britain itself were diverted to the war effort. However, the disruption in shipping lanes because of the war also meant that Indian industry faced dislocations because of the shortage of inputs that were earlier imported from Britain and Germany. There was excess demand as well as supply bottlenecks. Another result was inflation. Industrial prices nearly doubled in the six years after 1914. Accelerating prices benefitted Indian industry, as was also the case during World War II a few decades later. Farm prices rose as well, but at a slower pace than industrial prices. The internal terms of trade moved against agriculture. This trend continued for most of the next few decades, and especially during the collapse in global commodity prices during the Great Depression. The rapid rise in industrial prices as well as improving internal terms of trade for Indian industry benefitted industrial enterprises. Shift in British Policy towards India The war years also saw a shift in colonial policy away from laissez faire to a more interventionist approach—a shift that had a profound effect on the subsequent policy framework. There were two primary forces driving this shift. First, the British realised that their most important colony needed strategic industrial depth if it had to be successfully held during disruptions such as a world war. Second, the long nationalist campaign for the state to support Indian industrialization began to bear fruit. The colonial state finally accepted the need for a specific policy framework to support industrial investment in India. Indian Industrial Report 1918 In March 1916, Ibrahim Rahimtoola proposed in the Imperial Legislative Council that a committee should be appointed to examine what policies were needed to promote industrial development in India. The Viceroy accepted the proposal. There were four Indian members in the group that wrote the Indian Industrial Report that was made public in 1918, or 100 years ago. These Indian members were Fazulbhoy Currimbhoy, R.N. Mookerjee, D.J. Tata and Madan Mohan Malaviya. Key Points of the report The Indian Industrial Report recognised the need of state support for industrial growth. It did not include the original demand by Rahimtoola that the power to impose import, export and excise duties to promote domestic industrial investment should be shifted from London to New Delhi. Fiscal autonomy was rejected. The conclusion of the report was: “A powerful and well-directed stimulus is needed to start the economic development of India along the path of progress. Such a stimulus can only be supplied by an organised system of technical, financial and administrative assistance.” The dissent note More powerful than the official report itself was the scholarly dissent note written by Malaviya. He marshalled data from Indian economic history as well as the recent experience of late industrializers such as Germany and Japan to argue for a more meaningful government support for Indian industrial growth. This was at a time when mainstream Indian nationalism was enthusiastic about rapid industrialisation, and a few years before the Gandhian idea of village self-sufficiency took hold of the public imagination. The dissent note written by Malaviya is a treat to read even 100 years later. His protest was not wasted. The next few years after 1918 would see the setting up of a Fiscal Commission to provide some element of fiscal autonomy for India as well as a Tariffs Commission that would offer temporary protection for a handful of industries that had been carefully identified based on the comparative advantage. Conclusion What happened in the six years after 1914 had an impact over the longer term. The extraordinary profits earned during World War I provided the initial capital for several Indian industrial groups that would become dominant in the years to independence. The acceptance of state support for industrial development should be seen as the precursor of the more structured calls for national planning from political leaders as diverse as Jawaharlal Nehru, B.R. Ambedkar, V.D. Savarkar and Subhas Chandra Bose. Connecting the dots: What were the social, economic and political impacts of the World War I on India? Examine briefly. NATIONAL TOPIC:General studies 2 and 3 Social justice and empowerment of vulnerable sections of the society Inclusive growth Issues related to employment Quota math: on Maharashtra's Maratha reservation proposal Introduction The Maharashtra Cabinet has cleared the proposal to grant reservation to Marathas, though it is yet to be passed in the State Assembly. Rationale behind reservation According to the cabinet the decision is in line with the recommendations of a State Backward Class Commission (SBCC) report which is yet to be made public. According to the cabinet, the SBCC report recommends reserving seats for Marathas under a new, separate Socially and Educationally Backward Class category as Marathas are socially and educationally backward, with minuscule representation in government services, and the State is liable to take action considering the “extraordinary and exceptional conditions”. Is this reservation justified? Earlier also in 2014, a move to reserve 16% of seats in government jobs and educational institution was stayed by the Bombay High Court. Creating a separate category now would increase the overall quota beyond the 50% limit set by Supreme Court. According to critics the Cabinet’s decision is not for socio -economic reason but as a political exigency. The SBCC’s findings that a significant proportion of Marathas constitute a socially and educationally backward class do not match with available data. Like the Jats in Rajasthan and Patels in Gujarat, Marathas enjoy a socio-economic status similar to that of the forward classes (and castes) in Maharashtra. There is no reason to argue that Marathas face any social stigma that calls for affirmative action. Thus their demand for reservations is only to avail welfare benefits. Dominant communities only ask for reservation because they are unable to move up the economic ladder and don’t have adequate employment opportunities amid a sluggish agrarian economy. Conclusion As judicial scrutiny is bound to be brought to bear on the government’s decision, it will be well-advised to look at measures to alleviate the State’s prolonged agrarian distress and the lack of adequate jobs, problems that affect all sections of society. Connecting the dots: What was the motive behind reservation policy designed by makers of the constitution? Critically examine the rising demands of reservation from forward classes. (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Featured Comments and comments Up-voted by IASbaba are the “correct answers”. IASbaba App users – Team IASbaba will provide correct answers in comment section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1) Dongria Kondh tribe are indigenous community located in - Odisha Andhra Pradesh West Bengal Telangana Q.2) ‘Saubhagya Web Portal’ has been launched by government of India to track Gas connections in rural and urban households Electrification of rural and urban households Domestic violence in urban areas Swachch Bharat Abhiyan Q.3) Consider the following statement about VINBAX VINBAX is joint military exercise between India and Vietnam. VINBAX will be the first Bilateral Maritime Security Dialogue. Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.4) Consider the following statements about Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana –“Saubhagya” Rural Electrification Corporation Limited (REC) is the nodal agency for the operationalisation of the scheme. Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY) and Integrated Power Development Scheme (IPDS) have been subsumed under the ‘Saubhagya’ scheme. Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.5) China is bordered with which of the following countries? South Korea Afghanistan Vietnam Select the correct statements 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above MUST READ Make it the Indian way: Why the country must adapt to additive technologies The Hindu Amid institutional decline The Hindu Pollution is now a political subject, that's its big success: TERI chief Ajay Mathur The Hindu Urban Only In Name Indian Express Reconciliation, above all Indian Express

Nov 21, 2018 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz- 2019 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz [Day 113]

UPSC Quiz- 2019 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz [Day 113] Archives Q.1) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Ease of Doing Business Grand Challenge’ The objective of this challenge is to invite innovative ideas based on cutting edge technology to reform Government processes. The platform for the Grand Challenge is the Startup India Portal. Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) Consider the following statements with respect to a ‘Decision Support System (DSS)’ It is a computer programme that helps in making sound rational decisions using mathematical programming and operation research techniques. It can be used for effective implementation of government schemes Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.3) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Capital Adequacy ratio (CAR)’ It measures a bank's capital in relation to its risk-weighted assets. CAR of 9% is prescribed under the Basel III norms Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.4) Which of the following are examples of ‘slash and burn’ agriculture? Conuco Roca Masole Select the correct code: 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.5) The term ‘Economic Capital Framework (ECF)’ was in news recently in the context of Reserve Bank of India (RBI) World Trade Organisation (WTO) Ease of Doing Business MSMEs To Download the Solution - Click here All the Best IASbaba

Nov 21, 2018 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs [Prelims + Mains Focus] - 20th November 2018

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs (Prelims + Mains Focus)- 20th November 2018 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Witness protection scheme to be a reality soon Part of: GS Prelims and Mains II – Polity and Governance; Government policies and schemes In news: The Supreme Court recently said that it would direct all the states to implement the draft witness protection scheme framed by the Centre in consultation with the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA). The issue of witness protection scheme had cropped up earlier when the top court was hearing a public interest litigation (PIL) seeking protection for witnesses in rape cases involving self-styled preacher Asaram Bapu. The scheme aims to promote law enforcement by facilitating the protection of persons who are involved directly or indirectly in providing assistance to criminal law enforcement agencies and overall administration of Justice. Need for such scheme Jeremy Bentham has said that “Witnesses are the eyes and ears of justice.” In a society governed by a Rule of Law, it is imperative to ensure that investigation, prosecution and trial of criminal offences is not prejudiced because of threats or intimidation to witnesses. In cases involving influential people, witnesses turn hostile because of threat to life and property. Witnesses find that there is no legal obligation by the state for extending any security. As such witnesses should be entitled to the following rights: Right to give evidence anonymously Right to protection from intimidation and harm Right to be treated with dignity and compassion and respect of privacy Right to information of the status of the investigation and prosecution of the crime Right to secure waiting place while at Court proceedings Right to transportation and lodging arrangements Do you know? A witness is a person who possesses with him some secret information to criminal proceedings about which he or she has given or is about to give testimony. In Neelam Katara vs. Union of India case, SC observed that the edifice of administration of justice is based upon witnesses coming forward and deposing without fear or favour, without intimidation or allurements in the court of law. If witnesses are intimidated or allured, the foundation of the administration of justice gets weakened and even obliterated. Similarly, in Himanshu Singh Sabharwal vs State of Madhya Pradesh and Ors 2008 case, the court observed that witnesses are the eyes and ears of the justice system and when a witness is threatened or killed or harassed, it is not only the witness who is threatened but also the fundamental right of a citizen to a free and fair trial is vindicated. Make elephant corridors eco-sensitive zones: NGT Part of: GS Prelims and Mains III – Environment and Ecology; Protected areas - Eco-Sensitive Zones In news: National Green Tribunal (NGT) has asked the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) to consider declaring all elephant corridors in India as eco-sensitive zones. About Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZs) Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZs) are areas notified by the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Government of India around Protected Areas , National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries. The purpose of declaring ESZs is to create some kind of “shock absorbers” to the protected areas by regulating and managing the activities around such areas. They also act as a transition zone from areas of high protection to areas involving lesser protection. The new ESZ guidelines include a broad list of activities that could be allowed, promoted, regulated or promoted. The guidelines said activities, including commercial mining, setting of saw mills and industries causing pollution, commercial use of firewood and major hydro-power projects, are prohibited in such areas. It also prohibits tourism activities like flying over protected areas in an aircraft or hot air balloon, and discharge of effluents and solid waste in natural water bodies or terrestrial areas. Felling of trees, drastic change in agriculture systems and commercial use of natural water resources, including groundwater harvesting and setting up of hotels and resorts, are the activities regulated in the areas. Activities permitted in the areas include ongoing agriculture and horticulture practices by local communities, rainwater harvesting, organic farming, adoption of green technology and use of renewable energy sources. The width of the ESZ and type of regulation may vary from protected area to area. However, as a general principle, the width of the ESZ could go up to 10 kms around the protected area. Do you know? The rules for the ESZ or the Eco-Fragile Zones are based on the Environment Protection Act, 1986. However, the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 does not mention the word “Eco-Sensitive Zones”. The Act says that Central Government can restrict areas in which any industries, operations or processes or class of industries, operations or processes shall not be carried out or shall be carried out subject to certain safeguards. Role of non-state actors and women's movement against the felling of trees in Jhinkargadi forest Part of: GS Mains III – Environment and Ecology concerns; Deforestation; Role of Non-State Actors In news: Odisha Chief Minister cancelled the setting up of a brewery plant in Dhenkanal district where hundreds of trees were felled despite strong protests by the villagers. The government took the decision following a massive public outcry against the felling of trees and maintaining the ecological balance. The brewery plant (₹102-crore project, which was to be set up by P&A Bottlers Private Limited) was to come up on 12 acres of forestland in Jhinkargadi. Do you know? The movement is in same lines of Chipko movement, a non-violent agitation in 1973 that was aimed at protection and conservation of trees. UNESCO global education monitoring report 2019 Part of: GS Prelims and Mains II and III – Social issue; Education or Literacy; Human Economy In news: UNESCO report says that – Literacy levels in rural households of India dip with seasonal migration. 80% of seasonal migrant children in seven cities lacked access to education and 40% were likely to end up in work. Construction sector absorbs the majority of short-term migrants. Inter-State migration rates have doubled between 2001 and 2011. It also warns of the negative impact on education for children who are left behind as their parents migrate: “Test scores were lower among left-behind children aged 5 to 8.” What steps India has taken to address the issue? Right to Education Act in 2009 made it mandatory for local authorities to admit migrant children. National-level guidelines are issued to allow for flexible admission of children; to provide transport and volunteers to support with mobile education; create seasonal hostels and aiming to improve coordination between sending and receiving districts and states. Pic: https://d39gegkjaqduz9.cloudfront.net/TH/2018/11/20/DEL/Delhi/TH/5_07/f8427371_2537999_101_mr.jpg Solar Bubble Dryer Part of: GS Mains III – Role of Technology in Agriculture sector In news: Innovative crop drying technology – Solar Bubble Dryer – was demonstrated for the first time in Odisha. Solar Bubble Dryer - developed jointly by International Rice Research Institute, Philippines; Grainpro, a leading post-harvest solution providing company; and University of Hohenheim, Germany. The SBD is a low-cost drying technology that aims to provide a simple and flexible alternative to sun-drying, while protecting from spillage, animals, weather and vehicles running over the grains. The quantitative loss in traditional sun-drying method is estimated to be in the range of 15 to 30% between harvesting and milling. Due to quality loss, farmer do not get proper price of their produce. Pic: http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/images/stories/grainpro-solar-bubble-dryer.jpg (MAINS FOCUS) ENVIRONMENT TOPIC:General studies 3 Environmental degradation and Environment Impact assessment Further stressed by thermal power: Water stress in India Introduction In pursuit of cooperative and competitive federalism, NITI Aayog has been laying emphasis on developing indicators on various social sectors. As a step further in direction and keeping in view the criticality of water for life, NITI Aayog has prepared a report on Composite Water Management Index (CWMI). Since India is one of the most vulnerable countries to water scarsity, it is important to discuss factors involved in aggravating the stress situation. Do you know? Water Stress Water stress occurs when the demand for water exceeds the available amount during a certain period or when poor quality restricts its use. Water stress causes deterioration of fresh water resources in terms of quantity (aquifer over-exploitation, dry rivers, etc.) and quality (eutrophication, organic matter pollution, saline intrusion, etc.) The Composite Water Management Index (CWMI) CWMI has been developed by NITI Aayog and published in association with the Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation and the Ministry of Rural Development. It is comprised of 9 broad sectors with 28 different indicators covering various aspects of ground water, restoration of water bodies, irrigation, farm practices, drinking water, policy and governance. For the purposes of analysis, the reporting states were divided into two special groups – ‘North Eastern and Himalayan states’ and ‘Other States’, to account for the different hydrological conditions across these groups. Purpose of the CWMI: The NITI Aayog alludes to this while describing the CWMI: “This Index is expected to establish a public, national platform providing information on key water indicators across states. This platform will help in monitoring performance, improving transparency, and encouraging competition, thereby boosting the country’s water achievements by fostering the spirit of ‘competitive and cooperative federalism’ among the states. Findings of the report: The Composite Water Management Index (CWMI) by the NITI Aayog, which was released in June 2018, shows that 600 million people face high to extreme water stress in India. It places India at a dismal 120 among 122 countries in the water quality index. It predicts that a persistent water crisis will lead to an eventual 6% loss in the country’s Gross Domestic Product by 2030. A vast gulf has been predicted between the demand and supply of fresh water, by 2030. In the projections that the Central Water Commission (CWC) released in 2015, the sector-wise requirement of water (that is, for drinking and domestic use, industry and energy) will rise steeply between 2030 and 2050. Impact of Energy sector on water stress levels in India As per the Central Electricity Authority (CEA), March 2018, thermal electricity accounts for more than 86% of India’s total power generation. About 77% of India’s total electricity comes from thermal power plants that are dependent on freshwater sources. Of all the freshwater-cooled thermal plants, 38.9% of generation capacity is installed in areas with high or extremely high water-stress. The share of water consumed by power sector was 0.62% in 2010, which is pegged to rise upto 1.37% in 2030 and 8.98% in 2050. By 2030, more than 70% of India's existing thermal power utilities are likely to experience an increased level of water competition from agricultural, urban and other industrial demands. Issues related to data The CWMI raised three main issues related to data: limited coverage, unreliable data and limited coordination and sharing. Measuring water consumption by power plants has been a challenge for long. Way forward Issue of data can easily be tackled by using the existing CEA reporting mechanism for daily generation. To do so, daily water withdrawal and consumption reporting should be mandated. Information about water stress, power plant siting (location) and so on must be shared seamlessly across departments — a service that the CWMI could perform. The mounting rise in water demand is starkly evident in the energy sector, which is key to India’s ambitious developmental plan. The projected water demand of the energy sector makes it an important point for the NITI Aayog to consider while bringing out future iterations of the CWMI. As the power sector consumes more water, competition between power and the other thirsty players is only likely to increase — a factor that future editions of the CWMI will have to consider. Conclusion The CWMI is an important tool to assess and improve the performance of States/ Union Territories in efficient management of water resources. The water-scarce States such as Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Telangana are leaders in the CWMI Index. This is likely driven by necessity in the face of looming water shortages. Factoring in the water-energy nexus linkages will only help make the Index better and the States better prepared to manage their water and power resources. Connecting the dots: Explain briefly, the water stress in India. Examine the major contributors to this stress. DISASTER TOPIC:General studies 3 Disaster management Cyclone Gaja: Being prepared against extreme events Introduction Tamil Nadu was more prepared than before to deal with Cyclone Gaja, but it still took a toll of at least 45 lives. The severe cyclonic storm damaged infrastructure, property and agriculture. Role played by the government machineries before, during and after Gaja Cyclone The lead taken by the State Disaster Management Authority in issuing a stream of alerts ahead of Gaja helped coastal residents move to camps and adopt safety measures. The active measures taken by the State after the cyclone, notably to clear roads, remove fallen trees and repair power infrastructure and communications, helped restore some stability. In its destructive exit path, the cyclone has affected some southern districts, felling tens of thousands of trees and also 30,000 electricity poles along the coast. Tamil Nadu’s political parties have acted in a mature manner and kept partisan criticism from getting in the way of relief and rehabilitation after Gaja. This is in contrast to some earlier instances, such as the Chennai flood of 2015, when the distribution of relief became politicised. What needs to be done urgently? There is need to secure without delay the financial relief of ₹10 lakh that has been promised for families of the dead, compensation for lost crops, trees and livestock, provision of emergency health intervention and rehabilitation assistance to rebuild lives. Preparedness The effort to professionalise disaster management through a dedicated national and State organisation initiated more than 15 years ago appears to be paying off, with bureaucracies acquiring higher efficiency in providing early warning and in mitigating the impact of cyclones. The National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project started by the Ministry of Home Affairs has been working to reduce the impact of such catastrophic events on Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu and Gujarat, classified as States with higher vulnerability; most western coastal States are in the next category. However, there is a lot to be done to upgrade infrastructure and housing in coastal districts to meet higher standards of resilience in an era of extreme weather events. Concerns remains The larger question, of course, is whether the coastal States have equipped themselves for an even bigger event, such as the super cyclone that hit Odisha in 1999 that killed about 10,000 people. Even with far fewer casualties, Cyclone Phailin in 2013 required reconstruction estimated at $1.5 billion. Conclusion India’s coastline experiences a lower frequency of tropical cyclones compared to many other regions, but the loss of life and destruction is much higher. Therefore Coastal States must focus on reducing the hazard through policies that expand resilient housing, build better storm shelters and create financial mechanisms for insurance and compensation. Connecting the dots: India’s coastline experiences a lower frequency of tropical cyclones compared to many other regions, but the loss of life and destruction is much higher. Analyse the causes of such destruction, and suggest some measures to mitigate them. Coastal districts must continue to strengthen resilience against extreme weather events. Elucidate. (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Featured Comments and comments Up-voted by IASbaba are the “correct answers”. IASbaba App users – Team IASbaba will provide correct answers in comment section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1) Consider the following statements As per 2011 census, the literacy rate among Indians is 74% During 2001-2011, more number of women obtained education than males Which of the above statements is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) Consider the following statements regarding the census of India 2011 Lakshadweep has the highest literacy rate among the Union Territories Bihar has the lowest literacy rates among the states Which of the above statements is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.3) Which of the following is considered while measuring 'Literacy rate' in India? Age Ability to do arithmetic calculations Ability to read and write Choose the appropriate option from code given below 1 only 3 only 1 and 3 1, 2 and 3 Q.4) Neelam Katara vs. Union of India case and Himanshu Singh Sabharwal vs. State of Madhya Pradesh & Ors. 2008 case are two famous cases associated with which of the following? India’s Acceptance of “third gender” Prevention of SC/ST Atrocities Act Witness Protection Law in India Provisions of the Places of Worship (Special Provisions) Act Q.5) Consider the following statements Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZs) Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZs) are declared under the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 The government can prohibit industrial operations such as mining, sand quarrying and building thermal power plants in these areas Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.6) Which of the following statements are correct regarding Eco – Sensitive Zones in India? Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZs) are notified by the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC). They act as a transition zone from areas of high protection to areas involving lesser protection. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 does not mention the word “Eco-Sensitive Zones”. Select the code from following: 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above MUST READ Criteria for the courts: on the appointment of judges The Hindu Science outside labs The Hindu A 21st century revolution: on Bill Gates' move to scale up sanitation The Hindu #MeToo: A gender curriculum The Hindu A different way to fight Indian Express Raja Mandala: Battle for islands Indian Express

Nov 20, 2018 PIB

IASbaba PIB Weekly : Press Information Bureau – 12th Nov to 18th Nov, 2018

IASbaba PIB Weekly: Press Information Bureau – 12th to 18th November, 2018 ARCHIVES GS-2 Maternity Leave Incentive Scheme (Topic: Mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.) Purpose of this Act: To regulate the employment of women in certain establishments for certain period before and after child birth To provide maternity benefit and certain other benefits Act amended through the: Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act, 2017 which, inter alia, has increased the paid maternity leave to women employees from 12 weeks to 26 weeks. The Ministry of Labour & Employment is working on an incentive scheme wherein 7 weeks’ wages would be reimbursed to employers who employ women workers with wage ceiling upto Rs. 15000/- and provide the maternity benefit of 26 weeks paid leave, subject to certain conditions. It is estimated that approximately an amount of Rs. 400 crores would be the financial implication for Government of India, Ministry of Labour & Employment for implementing the proposed incentive scheme. Major Impact: The proposed Scheme, if approved and implemented, shall ensure the women in this country an equal access to employment and other approved benefits along with adequate safety and secure environment. Also, the women shall continue to bear the major share of household work as well as child care. The work places will be more and more responsive to the family needs of the working women. NITI Aayog Constitutes Himalayan State Regional Council (Topic: Governance, Organisations; Federalism; Government policies and issues arising out of their design and implementation) Purpose: To ensure sustainable development of the Indian Himalayan region The Council has been constituted to review and implement identified action points based on the Reports of five Working Groups, which were established along thematic areas to prepare a roadmap for action. Recognizing the uniqueness of the Himalayas and the challenges for sustainable development, Five Working Groups were constituted by NITI Aayog in 2017. These Working Groups were tasked with preparing a roadmap for action across five thematic areas namely, Inventory and Revival of Springs in Himalayas for Water Security, Sustainable Tourism in Indian Himalayan Region, Shifting Cultivation: Towards Transformation Approach, Strengthening Skill & Entrepreneurship (E&S) Landscape in Himalayas, and Data/Information for Informed Decision Making. Nodal agency for the Sustainable development in the Himalayan Region: The Himalayan States Regional Council will be the which consists of the twelve States namely Jammu &Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura, two districts of Assam namely Dima Hasao and KarbiAnglong and Darjeeling and Kalimpong in West Bengal. Action points include: river basin development and regional cooperation, spring mapping and revival across Himalayas in phased manner for water security; develop, implement and monitor tourism sector standards as well as bring policy coherence, strengthen skill & entrepreneurship with focus on identified priority sectors, among other action points. Launch of Leadership for Academicians Programme (LEAP) and Annual Refresher Programme in Teaching (ARPIT) (Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation + Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources) Leadership for Academicians Programme (LEAP) is a three weeks Flagship leadership development training programme (2 weeks domestic and one week foreign training) for second level academic functionaries in public funded higher education institutions. The main objective is to prepare second tier academic heads who are potentially likely to assume leadership roles in the future. The programme would provide senior faculty, with high academic credentials, the required leadership and managerial skills including skills of problem-solving, handling stress, team building work, conflict management, developing communication skills, understanding and coping with the complexity and challenges of governance in HEIs, financial & general administration. The implementation of LEAP Programme will be through 15 NIRF top ranked Indian Institutions. The foreign Universities identified for the training are also within the top 100 in the world global rankings. LEAP will fulfill the critical need to combine academic and administrative leadership which will make higher education institutions perform their roles of developing better students who will be future torch bearers. Annual Refresher Programme in Teaching (ARPIT), a major and unique initiative of online professional development of 15 lakh higher education faculty using the MOOCs platform SWAYAM. For implementing ARPIT, 75 discipline-specific institutions have been identified and notified as National Resource Centres (NRCs) in the first phase, which are tasked to prepare online training material with focus on latest developments in the discipline, new & emerging trends, pedagogical improvements and methodologies for transacting revised curriculum. Must solve: Combining the qualities of a good teacher and an effective leader is still more daunting task but not an impossible task. Do you agree? Comment. A leader must talk for all generations, present and future; only then institutional growth can be achieved. Discuss. Agreements Signed with India India and Morocco sign Agreement on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters: The Agreement will strengthen bilateral cooperation with Morocco and enhance effectiveness and provide a broad legal framework for prevention, investigation and prosecution of crimes; as well as in tracing, restraint and confiscation of funds meant to finance terrorist acts. Morocco & India agree to assist in Legal & Commercial Matters: The agreement will enhance co-operation in the service of summons, judicial documents, letters of request and the execution of judgments decrees and arbitral awards. Service of summons and other judicial documents or processes; Taking of evidence in civil matters; Production, identification or examination of documents, recordings; The execution of a Letter of Request for taking of evidence in civil matters; Recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards. Government of India and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Sign $105 Million Loan to Support Hydropower Transmission in Himachal Pradesh: The program is aimed at developing and expanding the transmission network to evacuate clean and renewable power generated from the State’s hydropower sources to load centers within and outside the State. It also supports the institutional capacity development of the state transmission utility, Himachal Pradesh Power Transmission Corporation Limited (HPPTCL), as the executing agency for this project. ADB is committed to achieving a prosperous, inclusive, resilient, and sustainable Asia and the Pacific, while sustaining its efforts to eradicate extreme poverty. Established in 1966, it is owned by 67 members—48 from the region. Government of India and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) sign $300 Million Loan to support India Infrastructure Finance Company Limited (IIFCL) in India: The Project will enhance availability of long-term finance for PPP projects, improve operational capacity of IIFCL, and expand the portfolio of infrastructure financing instruments available to IIFCL. The Project supports the renewed effort of the Government of India in accelerating infrastructure growth through increased Private Sector investment. The Project is relevant and responsive to the constraints to bank based infrastructure financing, fiscal space creation, and repercussions on GDP growth. Government of India and the Asian Development Bank (Adb) Sign $ 169 Million Loan to Provide Water and Sanitation Services in Tamil Nadu: The State has faced recurring droughts and erratic monsoons in the recent past resulting in severe water scarcity and urban flooding. With ADB’s support the State will be able to address these complex urban challenges through innovative and climate-resilient investment and deeper institutional support. Though Tamil Nadu is the most urbanized of India’s large States, urban service levels remain low, with less than half of households served by piped water, only 42% of households are covered by a sewerage network, with 43% of sewage disposed directly into waterways untreated. The program will develop climate-resilient sewerage collection and treatment and drainage systems in 10 cities, and install the country’s first solar-powered sewage treatment plant. Introduction of smart water management systems will help reduce non-revenue water and strengthen operational efficiency. Around 4 million people will benefit from piped water and sewerage connections and improved drainage. The program will boost institutional capacity, public awareness, and urban governance as part of a comprehensive approach for developing livable cities. Prelims oriented News: World Toilet Day: 19th November Rural Jharkhand: Declared ODF Severe Cyclonic storm which created havoc over Southwest Bay of Bengal: ‘GAJA’ Bhoomi Rashi Portal: The portal allows for totally digital and paper-less processing of land acquisition cases, and has resulted in transparent, quick, corruption-free and error-free handling of land acquisition cases. It has also made the possible real-time tracking of activities and generation of reports relating to land acquisition. SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region): ‘SAGAR’ is in consonance with India’s ‘Act East’ policy and the nation’s diplomatic, economic and military outreach in the region. Samudra Shakti: Between Indian Navy – Indonesian Navy Bilateral Exercise; The aim of the exercise is to strengthen bilateral relations, expand maritime co-operation, enhance interoperability and exchange best practices. Two important projects under Swadesh Darshan Scheme of Ministry of Tourism inaugurated: Development of North East Circuits: Bhalukpong- Bomdila - Tawang Project Nafra- Seppa- Pappu, Pasa, Pakke Valleys- Sangdupota- New Sagalee- Ziro- Yomcha Project 7th RCEP Inter-Sessional Ministerial Meeting in Singapore The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is a mega regional free trade agreement being negotiated amongst 16 countries, comprising 10 ASEAN countries (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam) plus six ASEAN FTA partners, namely Australia, China, India, Japan, Korea and New Zealand. Both in STRACAP and SPS negotiations, India managed to obtain balanced outcomes in the application of the Dispute Settlement Mechanism. India showed flexibility on the principle of ‘consensus’ in the Institutional Provisions Chapter which helped in its successful conclusion during the meeting. Global Digital Content Market (GDCM) 2018 India has been chosen as a host nation for the conference by World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) due to the strong creative industry in the country in films, music and media. Focus for this year’s conference: Asia Pacific region Aim of GDCM 2018: To give industry stakeholders a platform to come together and discuss new avenues in the films, music, gaming and creative industry along with points of challenge that is presented due to the changing creative landscape because of the disruption brought about by digital technologies. Successful launch of GSLV MK III-D2 carrying GSAT-29 satellite India’s GSAT-29 communication satellite was successfully launched by the second developmental flight of Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle MarkIII (GSLV MkIII-D2) GSLV Mk III is a three-stage heavy lift launch vehicle developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Two massive boosters with solid propellant constitute the first stage, the core with liquid propellant form the second stage and the cryogenic engine completes the final stage. GSAT-29 is a multiband, multi-beam communication satellite, intended to serve as test bed for several new and critical technologies. Its Ku-band and Ka-band payloads are configured to cater to the communication requirements of users including those from remote areas especially from Jammu & Kashmir and North-Eastern regions of India. RERA is bringing positive transformative changes in the industry 33,750 Projects & 26,018 Agents have been registered under RERA so far Maharashtra leads with 18,392 Projects & 17,188 Agents Registrations 3rd Regional Workshop on “RERA-a new era of transparency & accountability in Real Estate Must Read: Link Chhath Pooja An ancient Hindu Vedic festival historically native to the Indian subcontinent, more specifically, the Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, and Uttar Pradesh as well as the Madhesh region of Nepal. The Chhath Puja is dedicated to the Sun and his Sister [Chhathi maiya (goddess)] in order to thank them for bestowing the bounties of life on earth and to request the granting of certain wishes. Chhath does not involve any idol worship + not a gender-specific festival. This is the only festival which signifies both the rising and setting sun Quotes Hon’ble President of India Shri Ram Nath Kovind On Biotechnology, S&T Life sciences today offer a frontier that is still largely unexplored. It is worth noting that while textbooks of the foundations of physics change little from year to year, textbooks of biology and medicine are a work in progress even at fundamental levels. The sciences of genetics, of evolution and of human development have yielded enormous knowledge in recent years, but we are only at the beginnings of a new age of exploration. Today, through science and technology, humans wield unimaginable power over the future of our planet. We therefore have a responsibility like never before. And scientists, particularly bio-scientists, are our soldiers and generals in the battle to safeguard our planet, our species and our future. To my mind, there are four frontlines in this battle. The first is the environment. Our air, water and soil must be cleaned. While we do so, we must mitigate the consequences on human and livestock health. An enhanced thrust on studying human and animal health in real environments and finding solutions to problems such as asthma, respiratory disorders and cancers is needed. The second frontline is that of lifestyle diseases. Diabetes, hypertension and cardiac diseases are on the rise. In the quarter-century since 1990, the number of Indians living with diabetes grew from 26 million to 65 million. In the same period, the incidence of all cancers increased by almost 30 per cent. Diet and lifestyle are key factors, as also maternal, foetal and neonatal health. Both prevention and treatment are vital. The third frontline is infectious disease. While we take on known infectious diseases, lesser-known ones threaten to expand. Here too we must study the disease in the context of its environment and all its hosts. For example, how does Nipah virus reside in bats? How may its infection spread? How do we test candidate vaccines for humans? These are global challenges. Disease, like science, knows no boundaries. Pandemic influenza viruses don’t need passports and visas to spread. On the other hand, the shrinking of animal habitats is creating room for zoonotic diseases and diseases that jump species. The final frontline is diseases of the brain. Factors that include urban stress and a significant elderly population have left India facing a mental health epidemic. Preventive measures, relevant to our genetics and our lifestyle, are in the realm of theory, waiting to be discovered. We must discover these if our people are to age well, with full mental capacities. If this is not researched by us in our population, ailments such as dementia will be a major problem – and solutions from elsewhere will not fit here. Vice President of India, Shri. M. Venkaiah Naidu On Multilateralism Multilateralism has emerged as the most effective modality for decision-making and conflict resolution India has always believed in the principle of ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’ which means the World is one family- collective endeavor for collective benefit. We need united efforts of the world to deal with global development priorities such as eradication of poverty, providing education, health care, employment and gender parity Thousands of brave Indian soldiers had sacrificed their lives 100 years ago fighting for the cause of righteousness and in the interest of peace, human liberty and freedom At International Conference ‘Asian Patent Attorneys Association’ “Knowledge is a treasure that cannot be stolen, neither can it be confiscated by the State, nor can it be divided among siblings. It is not burdensome to carry. It increases when we share it with others sharing. Knowledge is a treasure that is better than other riches.” Innovation is for the betterment of mankind and India is encouraging the spirit of innovation among the educated enterprising youth. Intellectual Property Rights hold special importance in the knowledge economy. The new regime of intellectual Property Rights bring a paradigm shift in social exchanges and cultural ethos in communities especially at a time when the world had moved away from viewing knowledge as a mere community asset started treating it as intellectual property. Emphasis on tangible hard assets is being shifted to intangible soft assets and intellectual properties. India fully recognizes that an effective and robust intellectual property protection regime is essential to attract technology, investment, incentivise innovation and creation of IP assets As the communities’ transit to new phase of Intellectual Property based economy, no conversation on intellectual property rights can be complete without considering the balance of the rights and obligations of IP holders and define what constitutes a genuine, path-breaking intellectual property?

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