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Daily Current Affairs IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 06th February 2019

IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 06th February 2019 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Bullet train gets green light via flamingo haven, national park Part of: GS Prelims and Mains III – Environment and Biodiversity; Conservation of animals; Protected Areas In news: Environment Minister Harsh Vardhan-led panel gave nod to the Mumbai-Ahmedabad high-speed train corridor. The corridor is said to encroach some of the forest land of Thane Creek Flamingo Wildlife Sanctuary and the Sanjay Gandhi National Park, home to leopards, in Mumbai. The first lot of bullet trains are expected to ply on six high-speed corridors by 2022-23—Delhi-Mumbai; Mumbai-Chennai; Delhi-Kolkata; Delhi-Nagpur; Mumbai-Ahmedabad; and Mumbai-Nagpur. Pic: https://d39gegkjaqduz9.cloudfront.net/TH/2019/02/06/CNI/Chennai/TH/5_09/6d812531_dfe39d88_101_mr.jpg PM-JAY app and National Health Authority In news: Union Health Minister recently launched PM-JAY app and also inaugurated the newly-constituted National Health Authority (NHA) which aims to effectively implement PM-JAY. The app has been introduced within just four months since the launch of the scheme and is aimed at helping users get easy access to information on the scheme, check eligibility, find hospitals nearby and get assisted help. The National Health Authority with a stronger mandate would be able to prevent, detect and control frauds, abuse and redress grievances, thus resulting in the reduction of leakages. The National Health Authority would be chaired by Union Health Minister and have representation from the Government and domain experts. About PM-JAY Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Abhiyaan, also known as Ayushman Bharat is the world’s largest health scheme which will serve a population that equals 27-28 European countries. The beneficiaries are almost equal to the population of Canada, Mexico and US put together. The scheme aims to provide cashless treatment to beneficiaries identified through the Central Socio-Economic Caste Census. The scheme covers 1,350 medical conditions ranging from caesarean section to coronary stenting and joint replacement. It is a government-sponsored health insurance scheme. It will provide free treatment for up to Rs.5 lakh a family a year in any government or empanelled private hospitals all over India. Do you know? PMJAY has completed 100 days. The project is billed as the world’s largest state-funded health scheme. The medical journal, Lancet, has praised the prime minister for prioritising universal healthcare through the PMJAY. PMJAY is one step towards Universal Health coverage. PMJAY has created an excellent opportunity for the country to improve its health care.  It is critical for reducing the disease burden of the country. India spends just 1.4% of GDP on healthcare which is less than even some developing countries. It should increase the funding and involve the private sector effectively. (MAINS FOCUS) NATIONAL TOPIC: General studies 2 Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein. Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions. Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.  Institutional Decay and Role of Institution in Democracy Context: We recently read about unreleased National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) report which revealed that India's unemployment rate touched a 45-year high of 6.1% (especially after demonetization). Despite getting all required clearances, the government chose not to publicly release the NSSO report. This suppression of data/information has created massive controversy and resignation of two members of the National Statistical Commission, a statutory body which releases the NSSO reports. By suppressing its own data on current employment, or rather job loss, the current Government has, thereby, compromised the autonomy and the standing of the National Statistical Commission. Institutional decay Under the current NDA’s rule, an unprecedented and dire situation has arisen, as key institutions – pillars of the republic – have squirmed under the overbearing pressure of interference. Although institutions have always had to negotiate with political rulers, and there have been periods in India’s past when things came to a flash point, but never before has such a sweeping discontent been visible to the people. It poses a danger for the country’s democracy if institutions like the Supreme Court, RBI, Election Commission, CBI, CIC etc. are pressurised to function for political ends. Such sordid story of institutional decay in India is not confined to current ruling government but even the previous governments undermined key institutions. The internal Emergency imposed on the country from 1975 to 1977 initiated the process. The then government tried to tame bureaucrats as well as the highest court in the land. Postings and appointments were manipulated to suit the ruling dispensation. However, the current government has earned the dubious distinction of sabotaging the autonomy of several political institutions in rapid succession. Why institutional decay needs to be checked? Institutional decay affects ordinary citizens in disastrous ways. Arbitrary expansion and unlawful exercise of power by democratically elected government violates constitutional rights to freedom, equality and justice. Therefore, there is a need to limit the power of government. Role of institutions Institutions, as the embodiment of formal and informal rules, assure citizens that the government exercises power according to some norms that enable as well as regulate state capacity. Institutions embody ‘strong evaluations’. Institutions, which stand independently of us, give us standards that allow us to evaluate what is right and wrong, better and worse, and higher and lower. It provides us a position to judge whether the power exercised by political parties is fair or unfair. Rules make our worlds predictable. We know what the boundaries of the freedom of expression are, we know that if the police arrests us tomorrow, we have the right to appoint a lawyer and appeal to the judiciary. Without institutions and rules our life would be chancy, unpredictable and fickle. We would inhabit a space empty of certainties, expectations, aspirations and evaluations. Conclusion: In a democracy, individuals are governed by institutions, and not by men. If we do not live in an institutional universe, we will be at the mercy of capricious individuals. The present government has tampered with institutions by appointing its own people to positions of authority, and by using the Enforcement Directorate, Income Tax authorities, the Central Bureau of Investigation and the police as bulldozers to flatten out any site of opposition. In civil society, human rights organisations have been pulverised by blockage of funds, raids and arrests without proper evidence. All this testifies the government’s subversion of the rule of law. Such development contravenes the spirit of the freedom struggle. Connecting the dots: In a democracy, individuals are governed by institutions, and not by men. Elucidate. Essay: In a democracy, individuals are governed by institutions, and not by men. ECONOMY TOPIC: General studies 3 Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment.  Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.  Timely review: On Angel Tax Context: We read that Centre has decided to set up a five-member working committee to look into the angel tax issue and come up with guidelines soon. (05 Feb 2019 DNA – Centre may relax angel tax norms for start-ups) Therefore, start-ups which were troubled by the so-called angel tax may soon receive some concession from the government. About Angel Tax Angel tax is a term used to refer to the income tax payable on capital raised by unlisted companies via issue of shares where the share price is seen in excess of the fair market value of the shares sold. The excess realisation is treated as income and taxed accordingly. The tax was introduced in the 2012 Union Budget by then finance minister Pranab Mukherjee to arrest laundering of funds. It has come to be called angel tax since it largely impacts angel investments in startups. Issue with Angel Tax Start-up owners have complained that income tax officials have asked many start-ups to cough up money when they try to attract capital into their entities by issuing new shares. However, IT department fears that start-ups may be used as convenient tools to launder illegally acquired money, so a tax on investments beyond a certain threshold is necessary to deter such shady operations. But while the intent of such an angel tax may be justifiable, the arbitrary nature of it means the cost of unintended consequences could be larger than the supposed benefits. Investors, foreign or domestic, may become wary of investing in new ideas when they are taxed while risking money on untested ventures. Do you know? In trying to curb money-laundering, Section 56(2)(viib) of the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961 gives income tax officials a free hand to harass even genuine start-ups looking to raise investments for their growth. Under the Act, the IT department is free to arbitrarily decide the fair value of a company’s share and tax start-ups if the price at which their new shares are sold to investors is higher than the fair value of these shares. In crux, the broad-brush tax on all investments means an unnecessary cost is imposed on the wider start-up community simply because of the lack of better means at the government’s disposal to tackle black money. Therefore, the government has set up a committee to raise the threshold beyond which new investments into start-ups will be taxed. The committee is expected to recommend provisions that make life easier to a certain extent for angel investors and start-ups. It’s high time to review the above provisions, make necessary changes and provide impetus to the start-ups. After all, some of today’s start-ups will be billion-dollar companies tomorrow. Therefore, they deserve a soft touch in their initial years. Connecting the dots: What is Angel Tax? Do you think Angel tax is an impediment to entrepreneurship and start-ups? Discuss. (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Featured Comments and comments Up-voted by IASbaba are the “correct answers”. IASbaba App users – Team IASbaba will provide correct answers in comment section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1) Sanjay Gandhi National Park is located in - Rajasthan Jammu and Kashmir Maharashtra Madhya Pradesh Q.2) Which term refers to a specialized firm that finances young, start-up companies? Venture Capital Firm Finance Company Small-Business Finance Company Capital-Creation Company Q.3) Consider the following Angel investors invest their own money into businesses, but venture capitalists invest money contributed by several investors. Angel investors are found in virtually all industries, and they have diversified portfolios. Venture capitalists are involved in limited industries (mostly technology and infrastructure), and they have limited portfolios. Select the correct statement/s 1 only 2 only Both None Q.4) Consider the following statements with reference to angel investors in India Only an individual can qualify as an angel investor in India, contrary to global experience where even a body corporate can become an angel investor. For the capital invested, they must be provided preferential shares by the company. They are focused on helping the business succeed, rather than reaping a huge profit from their investment. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? Only 1 1 and 3 Only 3 1, 2 and 3 Q.5) Which of the following bird species are migratory in nature? Pelican Flamingo Northern Duck Amur Falcon Select the correct answer using the code given below. 1 and 3 only 1 and 4 only 2, 3, and 4 only 1, 2, 3 and 4 MUST READ  A series of unfortunate missteps The Hindu Risks to global growth The Hindu A Grand Narrative Indian Express Budget’s blind eye Indian Express With an ocean of salt Indian Express A new temple, a new mosque Indian Express Time to rethink policies for FDI in e-commerce Indian Express

UPSC Interview Discussion-TRP

Interview Discussion IAS UPSC: Think, Rethink and Perform (TRP)-Day 16

Interview Discussion: Think, Rethink and Perform; (TRP)- Day 16  ARCHIVES Set 1: Ask these questions to yourself; contemplate and come out with a concrete answer (not to be discussed on this forum). Invest at least 30 minutes on this set of questions. What is your idea of religion? Should a person be religious? Why? Are you religious? If yes, why? If not, why not?   Set 2: Analyse the following issue: Many a times we witness legal prudence conflicting with religious sentiments. We are witnessing this in places like Sabarimala, Ayodhya etc. In a constitutional democracy, it becomes difficult to reconcile the two. Isn’t it? What are your views in this regard? Is there a way that can bring in coherence between these two? Think out of the box and try to evolve a response.  

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

Daily Current Affairs IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 05th February 2019

IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 05th February 2019 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Emission levels rising faster in Indian cities than in China Part of: GS Prelims and Mains III – Environment and Ecology issues; Pollution In news: Greenhouse gas emissions from urbanization (esp. from vehicles) in India rising at a faster than in China. There is a link between population density and emissions from transport. According to a study - In China a 1% increase in urbanisation was linked with a 0.12% increase in CO2 emissions whereas, in India, it translated into 0.24% increase in emissions Do you know? The experience in most developed countries was that urbanisation led to a reduction in emissions — more urbanisation meant shorter distances between the workplace and home and thereby, a preference for public transport. However this don’t effectively apply to developing countries. In spite of being the 4th largest emitter, India's per capita emissions are much lower than the world average of 4.2 tonnes. Delhi had the highest commuting emissions per capita — a factor that also contributed to its high level of pollution — and the national capital region had 2.5 times higher commuting emissions than Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, and Hyderabad. 67% cancer patients in SE Asia die before 70: WHO Part of: GS Prelims and Mains II – Health issue Key facts: According to WHO – In 2018, 18.1 million new cases of cancer developed worldwide. 6 million people died from the disease in 2018 70% of the deaths occurred in low and middle-income countries 67% cancer patients in SE Asia die before 70 In 2017, just 30% of low-income countries reported having cancer treatment services available. One woman dies of cervical cancer every eight minutes in India. For every two women newly diagnosed with breast cancer, one woman dies of it in India Asian Elephant Alliance Part of: GS Prelims and Mains III – Environment and Biodiversity; Conservation of animals In news: Asian Elephant Alliance to secure 96 out of the 101 existing corridors used by elephants across 12 States in India. The joint venture is aiming at raising £20 million (₹187.16 crore) to secure the 96 remaining elephant corridors, old and new, in the next ten years. About Asian Elephant Alliance Asian Elephant Alliance, an umbrella of five NGOs, was launched to reverse crisis facing elephants. The initiative aims to stem the crisis facing the world’s remaining Asian elephants – thought to number only 35,000 – 45,000. Habitat loss, along with ivory poaching, has devastated the population of wild Asian elephants, a distinct species from their African cousins. Survival for these few remaining elephants requires urgent action. Therefore, a new coalition - the Asian Elephant Alliance - has been formed to tackle the crisis. The member organisations are Elephant Family, International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW), IUCN Netherlands, Wildlife Trust of India and World Land Trust. Centre may relax angel tax norms for start-ups Part of: GS Prelims and Mains III - Indian Economy and issues related to it In news: Centre decides to set up a five-member working committee to look into the angel tax issue and come up with guidelines soon. Start-ups have come under the scrutiny of tax officials for having raised capital above the fair value of their shares. Reforms proposed: Start-ups whose aggregate amount of paid-up share capital and share premium after the proposed issue of share does not exceed ₹10 crore are eligible for exemption from the tax. Definition of a start-up will be amended to include companies that have been in operation for up to 10 years rather than the previous limit of seven years. What is ‘Angel Tax’? The ‘angel tax’ is the tax on share premium paid to acquire new shares in a company that the tax authorities regard as excessive. It is a 30% tax that is levied on the funding received by startups from an external investor. However, this 30% tax is levied when startups receive angel funding at a valuation higher than its ‘fair market value’. It is counted as income to the company and is taxed. Angel tax was introduced in 2012, with the purpose of keeping money laundering in check. Why is Angel tax problematic? There is no definitive or objective way to measure the ‘fair market value’ of a startup. Investors pay a premium for the idea and the business potential at the angel funding stage. However, tax officials seem to be assessing the value of the startups based on their net asset value at one point. Several startups say that they find it difficult to justify the higher valuation to tax officials. In a May, 2018 notification, the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) had exempted angel investors from the Angel Tax clause subject to fulfilment of certain terms and conditions, as specified by the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP). However, despite the exemption notification, there are a host of challenges that startups are still faced with, in order to get this exemption. ‘Urban Naxals’: Term used to silence those who dissent Context: On August 28, the Pune police raided the homes of five activists – academic and public intellectual Anand Teltumbde, lawyer Sudha Bharadwaj, retired professor and poet Varavara Rao, human rights lawyer Arun Ferreira, activist Vernon Gonsalves, and human rights activist Gautam Navalakha. Describing them as “Urban Naxals”, the police confiscated their computers and mobile phones and took many of them into custody. In news: Dalit scholar and rights activist Anand Teltumbde said the “urban maoism” terminology is a “formula” to silence voices of those people who show courage to question the government policies and speak for safeguarding their democratic rights. Abrupt arrests are part of a larger conspiracy against intellectuals and people fighting for democratic rights. (MAINS FOCUS) NATIONAL/SECURITY TOPIC: General studies 2 Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein. Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions. Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.  General studies 3 Role of external state and nonstate actors in creating challenges to internal security. Challenges to internal security  Security challenges and their management in border areas Assam NRC Process: Opaque, Unreasonable and Discriminatory Context: The below article provides the concerns associated with the ongoing National register of Citizens process in Assam. Concerns highlighted in the National register of Citizens process Process of adding person to NRC list is too complex and confusing – riddled with legal inconsistencies and errors. Instances of arbitrary rejection of the gram panchayat certificates. Bewildering and opaque rules and an uncaring bureaucracy. Absence of legal-aid by the state Faults on part of the Supreme Court Lack of proper monitoring process Failed to ensure legal clarity over the manner in which the claims of citizenship could be decided Failed to understand the implications of the results, and after effects as well as recourse that should be made available for people who have failed to be recognized as citizens of the State Inability to comprehend the further political and policy actions in case of loss of citizenship Absence of public compassion Names of several highly impoverished, mostly rural, powerless and poorly lettered residents were dropped from the draft NRC only because of minor differences in the spelling of Bengali names in English in different documents. A person could be excluded from citizenship even if their age differs in different documents. Tougher on women Women are especially in danger of exclusion from the citizenship register. Reasons – they have no birth certificates, are not sent to school, and are married before they become adults. They live in villages after marriage, which are different from those of their parents. They have no documents to prove that they are indeed the children of the people they claim are their parents. Opaque processes One more concern is that the process empowers the Assam Police to identify anyone it suspects to be a ‘foreigner’. Police claim in most cases is that the person was unable to show them documents establishing his or her citizenship. All cases referred by the police are heard by Foreigners’ Tribunals (FTs). Earlier, retired judges were appointed to these tribunals. However, the current government has appointed many lawyers who have never been judges. There are now FTs in which not a single person has been declared an Indian citizen over several months. Even if an FT confirms a person to be an Indian citizen, another FT and often the same FT can again issue notice to the same person to prove her legitimate citizenship once more. Conclusion: A person is never allowed to feel secure that the state has finally accepted that she is an Indian citizen. NRC process is masked by opaque, unreasonable and discriminatory practices. It is important and essential for the union government to proactively come out with an equitable, predictable and transparent plan on the way forward, for those who will be identified as ‘foreigners’. Connecting the dots: Is the National Register of Citizens (NRC) update process going to settle the issue of illegal foreigners in Assam? Do you think the ongoing exercise is masked by opaque, unreasonable and discriminatory processes? Examine. NATIONAL/INTERNATIONAL TOPIC: General studies 2 Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein. Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions. Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.   Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate. Rohingya issue and India’s moral obligation Introduction: The UN had expressed its concern over India sending back Rohingya refugees to Myanmar without the world body's refugee agency ascertaining if they are voluntarily returning. In January, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) called for a report from India on the deportation of a group of Rohingya refugees to Myanmar in October 2018. It has sought clarification from India on the circumstances under which the asylum seekers were sent back. According to the UN – Conditions are not safe for the Rohingyas to return home. India’s repatriation of the refugees contravenes international principles on refugee law as well as domestic constitutional rights. Attacks on the Rohingyas that led to their fleeing Myanmar is a case of "ethnic cleansing". Do you know? There are an estimated 18,000 Rohingya refugees and asylum-seekers registered with UNHCR in India, living across different locations. However, around 40,000 Rohingya refugees are believed to be in India. According to 1951 UN Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, “no contracting State shall expel or return a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion.” (PRINCIPLE OF NON-REFOULEMENT) Refugee law is a part of international human rights law. Indian context: It is often argued that since India is not a party to both 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol, the principle of non-refoulement is not binding on India. However, the prohibition of non-refoulement of refugees constitutes a norm of customary international law, which binds even non-parties to the Convention. India lacks a specific legislation to address the problem of refugees, in spite of their increasing inflow. The Foreigners Act, 1946, fails to address the peculiar problems faced by refugees as a class. It also gives unbridled power to the Central government to deport any foreign citizen. Article 14 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights provides that everyone has the right to seek and enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution. Article 51 of the Constitution imposes an obligation on the state to endeavour to promote international peace and security. Article 51(c) talks about promotion of respect for international law and treaty obligations. Therefore, the Constitution conceives of incorporation of international law into the domestic realm. Fundamental rights - While all rights are available to citizens, persons including foreign citizens are entitled to the right to equality and the right to life, among others. Conclusion: Thus the argument that the nation has not violated international obligations during the deportation is a mistaken one. The Rohingya refugees, while under the jurisdiction of the national government, cannot be deprived of the right to life and personal liberty. The deportation of refugees by India is not only unlawful but breaches a significant moral obligation. Connecting the dots: India’s reticence on the Rohingya crisis undermines its democracy and global standing. Do you agree? Critically analyse. “Refugee crisis is more of a global security concern than humanitarian crisis”. Comment. (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Featured Comments and comments Up-voted by IASbaba are the “correct answers”. IASbaba App users – Team IASbaba will provide correct answers in comment section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1) Consider the following statements with regard to Asian Elephant Alliance: The Alliance aims to secure a safe future for the wild elephants of India, which make up approximately half of the world’s wild Asian elephants. The Alliance calls for Corporate India and the government to commit a £20m investment in elephant corridors by 2025. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both None Q.2) Consider the below statements with regard to Angel Tax: It is a term used to refer to the income tax payable on capital raised by unlisted companies via issue of shares. Since it largely impacts angel investments in startups, it is called angel tax. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both None Q.3) Asian Elephants are Endangered Critically Endangered Extinct Vulnerable Q.4) Consider the following statements Satpura Range is spread over 2 States only Aravalli Range is the oldest range of Fold Mountains in India Eastern Ghats are not as high as the Western Ghats Select the correct statements 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 2 Only Q.5) Consider the following statements regarding ‘Refugees’ India has recently signed the 1951 United Nations Refugee Convention on the Status of Refugees World Refugee Day is celebrated on 20th June The 1951 Convention the only instrument relevant to the rights of refugees Select the incorrect code 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 Only 2 Q.6) ‘Rakhine State’ has been in the news for quite some time for large scale exodus of migrants and severe human right violations. In which of the following countries does it exist? Palestine Syria Yemen Myanmar MUST READ  An appeasement Budget The Hindu Visa crackdown: On Indian students’ arrest The Hindu America has lost the Afghan war The Hindu The danger of cash transfers  The Hindu Managing the stimulus Indian Express Meaning Of A Visit Indian Express Raja Mandala: Secularism comes to Arabia? Indian Express Missing the healing touch Indian Express A budget for Bharat and India Indian Express

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz - 2019 : IAS Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 166

UPSC Quiz - 2019 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 166 Archives Q.1) Which is the first State to set up a price monitoring and research unit (PMRU)? Maharashtra Kerala Bihar Rajasthan Q.2) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Asian Infrastructure Finance 2019 report’ I was published by Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) It notes that the trade frictions and market volatility have increased uncertainty around project pipelines It highlights that rising geopolitical tensions and a busy election cycle will increase investor caution Select the correct statements 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.3) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Hindu Kush’ Range Tirich Mir is the highest mountain of the Hindu Kush range It stretches from central Afghanistan to northern Pakistan Select the correct code: 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.4) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Mahila Samridhi Yojana’ It is implemented through National Minorities Development & Finance Corporation (NMDFC) Under this scheme Government provides microfinance to women entrepreneur belonging to the backward classes Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.5) ‘Bhagoria Haat Festival’ is celebrated in which state? Maharashtra Odisha Madhya Pradesh Uttarakhand To Download the Solution - Click here All the Best  IASbaba

Topper's From IASbaba

UPSC/IFoS RESULT-Topper 2018, CHIRAG JAIN, Rank 10, IASbaba ILP's Most Favorite Student

Dear Friends, If you remember in the introduction write up of ILP 2018, we had taken Chirag Jain as our ideal student and confidently predicted that one day he will score a top rank. Well, today is the day!!! He has bagged Rank 10 in IFos!! UPSC/CSE Awaited. We hope to hear a lot more positive results from our ILP students in near future. We wish him very good luck and a bright future ahead :) 

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

Daily Current Affairs IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 04th February 2019

IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 04th February 2019 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) Scheme Part of: GS Prelims and Mains II – Social/Welfare issue; Government schemes and policies In news: PM-KISAN Scheme aims to extend direct income support at the rate of Rs. 6,000 per year to farmer families, having cultivable land upto 2 hectares. This income support will be transferred directly into the bank accounts of beneficiary farmers, in three equal instalments of Rs. 2,000 each. Around 12 Crore small and marginal farmer families are expected to benefit. This programme will be funded by Government of India. This programme will entail an annual expenditure of Rs.75,000 crore. PM-KISAN would pave the way for the farmers to earn and live a respectable living. Endosulfan agitation ends Part of: GS Prelims and Mains II – Social/Welfare issue; Health issue In news: Victims of endosulfan poisoning in Kerala ended their five-day long indefinite hunger strike. They have been fighting a long and frustrating battle demanding financial aid, adequate rehabilitation packages and healthcare facilities. Environmental activists call it the biggest pesticide tragedy in India. Why the agitation? People living in more than 20 gram panchayats in Kasargod district were exposed to the insecticide endosulfan – a highly potent neurotoxin – between 1975 and 2000, when the public sector Plantation Corporation of Kerala sprayed the chemical aerially on its 12,000-acre cashew estates. Its residues spread far and wide via wind and rain, leaving a trail of destruction in the district and neighbouring regions of Karnataka, killing more than 1,000 people. It poisoned more than 6,000 people. Thousands of children were born with congenital disabilities, hydrocephalus, diseases of the nervous system, epilepsy, cerebral palsy, and severe physical and mental disabilities. The Plantation Corporation of Kerala stopped spraying endosulfan in 2001, but its impact is still being felt in Kasargod – babies continue to be born with genetic disorders and physical deformities. Victims have been fighting a long and frustrating battle demanding financial aid, adequate rehabilitation packages and healthcare facilities. Do you know? Endosulfan is an off-patent organochlorine insecticide and acaricide that is being phased out globally. Endosulfan became a highly controversial agrichemical due to its acute toxicity, potential for bioaccumulation, and role as an endocrine disruptor. Because of its threats to human health and the environment, a global ban on the manufacture and use of endosulfan was negotiated under the Stockholm Convention in April 2011. Endosulfan pesticide was used widely on crops like cashew, cotton, tea, paddy, fruits and others until 2011, when the Supreme Court banned its production and distribution. The health effects of the chemical include neurotoxicity, late sexual maturity, physical deformities, poisoning, among others. People, especially newborns, have suffered deformaties, health complications and loss of family members due to exposure to the agrochemical. Millet Village Scheme Part of: GS Prelims and Mains II and III – Government schemes and programmes; Agriculture In news: The Project “Millet Village” was started in year 2017-18 in Attapady, Kerala. The project is intended for rejuvenating the traditional tribal agriculture. The project aims at protecting seeds of traditional varieties of millets and ensures food security and livelihood for tribals. Apart from production of Millets, Pulses, Oilseeds, Vegetables and Apiculture, it is proposed to start Procurement, Processing, Packing, Labelling and Marketing of value added finished products of millets. Similar projects will be implemented throughout the State in suitable locations. Do you know? Kerala Agriculture Department has sought Central support under the national-level mission for promoting millets. Millets are considered as ‘superfood’ and ‘eat smart’ strategies. Under the Millet Village scheme, the department had harvested ragi (finger millet), thina (foxtail millet), cholam (sorghum) and kuthiravaali (barnyard millet) in 1,200 acres. Additionally, a pilot scheme for cultivating Chia, a Central American plant, which is gaining popularity in India as yet another superfood, was progressing at Attappady. High protein content, short growing season, climate change resilience and low water requirement make millets an ideal crop for the State. Millets can grow in poor soil conditions with less water, fertiliser and pesticides. They can withstand higher temperatures, making them the perfect choice as ‘climate-smart’ cereals. Miscellaneous: Centre’s crackdown hits Greenpeace In news: Greenpeace has been forced to close two of its regional offices and “considerably” reduce its staff in India because of a government crackdown on allegedly unlawful foreign funding of NGOs. The organisation has been campaigning on environmental issues in India for nearly two decades. Do you know? Greenpeace India had its foreign funding blocked in 2015 as part of a nationwide crackdown on charities. (MAINS FOCUS) POLITY/NATIONAL TOPIC: General studies 2 Indian Constitution- historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure. Separation of powers between various organs. The Doctrine of Basic Structure of the Indian Constitution: A Critique Introduction: One of the most fundamental and equally ambiguous concepts that underlies Indian Constitutional Law is the ‘basic structure doctrine’. It has now been more than 45 years since the Supreme Court ruled in Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala that Parliament’s power to amend the Constitution was not unlimited, that the Constitution’s basic structure was infrangible. Criticisms: While there is no denying its significance the doctrine has often been criticized – It is ambiguous and allows the judiciary to tread on the toes of other branches of Government. The phrase “basic structure” finds no mention anywhere in the Constitution. Therefore, some experts even call it undemocratic as unelected judges can strike down a constitutional amendment. The doctrine accords the judiciary a power to impose its philosophy over a democratically formed government – “tyranny of the unelected”. Of recently there has been severe disapproval of the document, because of the Supreme Court’s occasionally confused interpretation of what the Constitution’s basic structure might be. Positives of the doctrine: However, rejecting the doctrine altogether is not a good idea, as – It possesses substantial moral value important to strengthen democracy as it limits the power of a majoritarian government to undermine the Constitution’s central ideals. It implies limitations on the amending powers of the Legislature. Restrains Legislature from stepping into the treacherous realm of arbitrariness by misusing article 368 of the Indian Constitution. It is critical to upkeep the spirit of the constitution document. It performs an important democratic role in ensuring that majoritarian governments do not destroy the Constitution’s essential character. To protect the country’s federal structure, safeguard human rights and established constitutional principles such as the state’s democratic and social order. Parliament is a creature of the Constitution. It should not, therefore, make changes that have the effect of overthrowing or obliterating the Constitution itself. Basic structure doctrine is a safety valve against majoritarianism and authoritarianism; it safeguards citizens’ liberties and preserves the ideals on which the Constitution is based. Conclusion: A Constitution needs to be a living Constitution, to endure the tides of time and adapt to the changing requirements of generations. A Constitution is like a machine, a lifeless thing. It acquires life because of the men who control it and operate it and India needs today nothing more than a set of honest men who will have the interest of the country before them. The basic structure doctrine is a mean to give a momentum to the living principles of the ‘Rule of Law’ and connotes that none is above the Constitution and the Constitution is supreme. Connecting the dots: Does in your opinion the basic structure doctrine undermine parliamentary sovereignty? Critically examine. Examine the doctrine of basic structure, its evolution and significance. NATIONAL/ECONOMY TOPIC: General studies 2 and 3 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Indian Economy and issues related to it. NBFCs and its significance Introduction: India has 10,000 active NBFCs that are regulated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), of which some 275 are systemically important (SI). There are a lot of disruptions taking place in banking sector, but still NBFCs would have an upper hand. Many NBFCs have doubled their balance sheet sizes, whereas majority of the banks either did nothing or got entangled in mess. Unlike banks, NBFCs are insulated from the vagaries of farm loan waivers and priority lending. The NBFC sector in India, which serves a genuine need, has undergone a significant transformation over the past few years. Basic: What is NBFC? Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) refers to a financial institution. NBFC is a type of company engaged in the business of receiving loans and advances, acquisition of stocks or shares, leasing, hire-purchase, insurance business, chit business under Companies Act 2013. The main business activity of the NBFCs is to raise capital funds from public depositors and investors and then lend to borrowers as per the rules and regulations prescribed by the Reserve Bank of India. NBFCs are becoming alternative to the banking and financial sector. In NBFC there is a requirement of minimum net owned fund of Rs. 2 Crore. What is the difference between Banks & NBFCs? Banks are the government authorized financial intermediary that aims at providing banking services to the general people. Whereas NBFC provides banking services to people without carrying a bank license. NBFC is incorporated under the Companies Act whereas a bank is registered under Banking Regulation Act, 1949. NBFCs are not allowed to accept deposits which are repayable on demand whereas banks which accepts demand deposits. In NBFC, foreign Investments up to 100% is allowed. Whereas in case of private sector banks they are eligible for foreign investment, but which would be not more than 74%. Banks are an integral part of payment and settlement cycle while NBFC is not a part of this system. It is mandatory for banks to maintain reserve ratios like CRR or SLR. Whereas in case of NBFC it is not required to maintain reserve ratios. Deposit insurance facility is allowed to the depositors by Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC). In case of NBFC, this type of facility shall not be available. Banks can create credit whereas in case of NBFC they are not involved in the creation of credit. Banks can provide transaction services to its customers such as providing overdraft facility, issue of traveler’s cheque, transfer of funds, etc. Whereas these type of services cannot be provided by NBFC. Significance of NBFCs Credit access in our country is vastly under-penetrated, and businesses need constant capital to grow. NBFCs with use of technology and innovation, wide reach, customised products, smart credit underwriting and strong risk management capabilities have been able to control bad debts. With better understanding of clients, they have created clusters and niches which would be impossible for the banks to replicate or cater to. Projects like ‘Make in India’ and the boom in startups are offering huge opportunities. In fact, NBFCs remain a good proxy to bet on the new, agile India. NBFCs serve customer segments that are un-served or under-served by banks. Though their cost of funding is higher than that of banks, a decent spread and lower cost of operations can do the job for them. NBFCs have, so far, achieved a tremendous feat by meeting their massive short-term /commercial paper obligations in this quarter. They have weathered many storms in the past (since the 2008 global financial crisis to demonetisation in late 2016) and seems to have almost overcome the current liquidity crisis as well. NBFCs have evolved strongly over the recent years. The next decade could well belong to them and their shareholders. However, NBFCs in India are going through a rough phase following defaults by infrastructure lender, Infrastructure Leasing and Financial Services (IL&FS). Banks are the major resource avenue for NBFCs. After defaults by IL&FS, both public sector and private sector banks almost stopped lending to NBFCs and housing finance companies (HFCs). Such defaults might also keep potential investors away from the debt instruments of companies. Need for an Unified Financial Authority Indian non-banks are governed by a regulatory hodgepodge of RBI, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA), NHB, the ministry of corporate affairs (for NIDHI companies) and state governments (for chit funds). Cooperation is on an ad hoc basis and often post-event. The commission chaired by former justice B.N. Srikrishna, also called Financial Sector Legislative Reforms Commission (FSLRC), recommended that SEBI, IRDA, the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority and the Forward Markets Commission (since merged with SEBI) be merged under one regulator to be called the Unified Financial Authority. The FSLRC recommended for a strong legal framework added to Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC). Implementing FSLRC recommendation, with a more focused scope for RBI and creating a unified regulator with teeth for macro-prudential supervision will help NBFCs avoid falling into such crisis. It is time to focus on systemic risk and the only way to do that is to simplify and give that specific scope to one regulatory agency. Connecting the dots: The idea of forming an umbrella regulator for all the financial institutions and related agencies will go a long way in overhauling the financial ecosystem of India. Do you agree? Discuss. Discuss the rationale behind constituting Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs). Are they successful? How are they different from the banks? (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Featured Comments and comments Up-voted by IASbaba are the “correct answers”. IASbaba App users – Team IASbaba will provide correct answers in comment section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1) Supreme Court banned production and distribution of ‘Endosulfan’. It caused which of the following? Abnormalities related to male reproductive system Physical deformities Neurobehavioral disorders Select the correct code: 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.2) Which of the following statements are correct about endosulfan? Endosulfan is acutely neurotoxic to both insects and mammals. Endosulfan has high potential to bio-accumulate and bio-magnify. Endosulfan is banned across the world under Stockholm convention. Endosulfan is the cause of death of Indian vultures. Select the code from the following: 1 and 2 1, 2 and 3 2, 3 and 4 1, 2, 3 and 4 Q.3) Consider the following with regard to Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) Scheme: It is a scheme funded by Government of India. It aims to extend direct income support at the rate of Rs. 6,000 per year to farmer families, having cultivable land upto 2 hectares. It is a loan waiver scheme which transfers Rs. 2,000 into the bank accounts of beneficiary farmers in three equal installments. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.4) Which of the following statements are true w.r.t millets? They are kharif crops. Major millets grown in India are Jowar, bajra and ragi. Bajra is grown in moist areas whereas jowar is grown in dry areas. Select the correct code 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1,2 and 3 Q.5) Consider the following statements: Kerala is the India’s leader in the millet sector Indian Institute of Millets Research (IIMR) operates under the aegis of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.6) Which of the following are ‘Millets’? Sorghum Ragi Bajra Select the correct code 1 and 2 2 only 2 and 3 1, 2 and 3 MUST READ Afghanistan at a crossroads The Hindu  Imagining alternative futures The Hindu  Budget’s how question Indian Express The techno dystopia Indian Express The boundaries of welfare Indian Express

AIR

All India Radio (AIR) IAS UPSC - Importance of Internal Security for Good Governance

Importance of Internal Security for Good Governance ARCHIVES Search 21st December, 2018 Spotlight here: http://www.newsonair.com/Audio-Archive-Search.aspx TOPIC:   General Studies 2 Good Governance; Important aspects of Governance General Studies 3 Internal Security Hallmarks of Good Governance: Legitimacy + Participation Distribution What does Good Governance mean? Participatory, responsive, non-discriminatory and responsible administration with full accountability, honesty and transparency Promotion of inclusive development – education, economic and infrastructural development, employment opportunities, natural resources etc., Improving the moral fibre of the population through education from the primary to the tertiary levels Promoting values like tolerance, secularism, democracy, accommodation, mutuality, and handling dissent. Good Governance and Internal Security There is always a crucial link between “Good Governance” and “Internal Security”. Governance cannot be carried out in the absence of internal security; internal security cannot be safeguarded if governance is delivered by an inefficient and corrupt administration. Kant explained the relationship two centuries ago when he said, “People who feel secure and free, governed by the rule of law and not of men, are much less likely to go to war with each other - either within or across borders – than those who don’t.” It is self-explanatory that if government is responsive to the requirements of its people and is properly and justly utilizing resources whatever available to the benefit of its population will strengthen its bond with people and will lead to a strong internal structure that will help promote and sustain a national security policy based on consensus and support of the masses. If not this condition, bad governance will lead to insecurity that will lead to instability and that would certainly affect national security of a country negatively. Internally in India, whether you talk about the Maoist insurgency or the Kashmir problem, the actual issue is a lack of governance, the lack of development. The average, ordinary person, be it anywhere in the world, wants to lead a peaceful life. So what encourages them to take up arms? It is the lack of opportunities, the lack of the hope of having a better life. What happens is that the civil administration fails to keep up after the military has done its job. This is exactly what has been happening in Kashmir, there is no growth, no employment opportunities, and no presence of government for the people to go and complain to. In such a situation, people will happily follow whoever comes in and offers the hope, however false, of something better. This is the primary cause of such insurgencies. And ultimately, the military is forced to do the same thing over and over, it becomes an endless cycle. But ultimately, it’s a governance failure. Good governance therefore should, and must result in decision making that is fruitful and beneficial for the masses and through which they feel secure and participative as if they themselves would have made those decisions. Connecting the Dots: Is there a relationship between good governance and internal security? Examine. The line differentiating external state and non-state actors creating challenges to India’s internal security has blurred in recent times. Do you agree? Illustrate.

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz - 2019 : IAS Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 165

UPSC Quiz - 2019 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 165 Archives Q.1) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Black softshell turtle’ It is a species of freshwater turtle found in Assam It is listed as ‘Critically Endangered’ under the IUCN Red List Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) ‘Arikamedu’ was recently in news. Where is it located? Goa Maharashtra Puducherry Kerala Q.3) ‘Nilavembu kudineer’ was recently in news. It is associated with Petroglyphs Dengue Night Frog Invasive Plant Species Q.4) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘The Strategic Framework on Accessible Elections’ It aims to build on sensitization through education and training, community involvement of different sections of society, effective partnership with institutions and originations and creation of facilities to cater to the specific needs of Persons with Disabilities (PwDs) with a view to increasing their participation. It is a compilation of guidelines issued by Election Commission of India along with the Department for Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.5) ‘Hoveizeh cruise missile’ is developed by Iran Pakistan Russia Israel To Download the Solution - Click here All the Best  IASbaba

PIB

Press Information Bureau (PIB) IAS UPSC – 27th Jan to 2nd Feb - 2019

Press Information Bureau (PIB) IAS UPSC – 27th Jan to 2nd Feb - 2019 ARCHIVES Key highlights of the Interim Budget 2019-20 Farmers 12 crore small and marginal farmers to be provided with assured yearly income of Rs. 6000 per annum under PM-KISAN Outlay of Rs. 75,000 crore for FY 2019-20 with additional Rs. 20,000 crore in RE 2018-19 Outlay for Rashtriya Gokul mission increased to Rs 750 crore Rashtriya Kamdhenu Ayog  to be setup for sustainable genetic up-gradation of the Cow resources New separate Department of Fisheries for welfare of 1.5 crore fishermen 2% interest subvention to Farmers for Animal husbandry and Fisheries activities; additional 3% in case of timely repayment Interest subvention of 2% during disaster will now be provided for the entire period of reschedulement of loan Labour Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maandhan scheme to ensure fixed monthly pension to 10 crore unorganized sector workers Rs 3000 per month after 60 years of age with an affordable contribution of only Rs 100/55 per month MGNREGA Rs. 60, 000 crore allocation for MGNREGA in BE 2019-20 Direct Tax proposals Income upto Rs. 5 lakh exempted from Income Tax More than Rs. 23,000 crore tax relief to 3 crore middle class taxpayers Standard Deduction to be raised to Rs. 50,000 from Rs. 40,000 TDS threshold to be raised from Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 40,000 on interest earned on bank/post office deposits Existing rates of income tax to continue Tax exempted on notional rent on a second self-occupied house Housing and real estate sector to get boost- TDS threshold for deduction of tax on rent to be increased from Rs. 1,80,000 to Rs. 2,40,000 Benefit of rollover of capital gains increased from investment in one residential house to two residential houses for capital gains up to Rs. 2 crore. Tax benefits for affordable housing extended till 31st March, 2020 under Section 80-IBA of Income Tax Act Tax exemption period on notional rent, on unsold inventories, extended from one year to two years Fiscal Programme Target of 3% of fiscal deficit to be achieved by 2020-21 Fiscal deficit brought down to 3.4% in 2018-19 RE from almost 6% seven years ago Allocation for Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) increased by over 18% to Rs. 27,584 crore in BE 2019-20 Substantial increase in allocation for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes - Allocation for SCs increased by 35.6% - from Rs. 56,619 crore in BE 2018-19 to Rs. 76,801 crore in BE for 2019-20 Allocation for the STs increased by 28% - from 39,135 crore in BE 2018-19 to Rs. 50,086 crore in 2019-20 BE Poor and Backward Classes “First right on the resources of country is that of the poor”: FM 25% additional seats in educational institutions to meet the 10% reservation for the poor Targeted expenditure to bridge urban-rural divide & to improve quality of life in villages All willing households to be provided electricity connections by March 2019   North East Allocation to be increased by 21% to Rs. 58,166 crore in 2019-20 BE over 2018-19 BE Arunachal Pradesh came on the air map recently Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram came on India’s rail map for the first time Container cargo movement through improved navigation capacity of the Brahmaputra Vulnerable sections A new committee under NITI Ayog to identify all the remaining De-notified nomadic and semi-Nomadic tribes New Welfare development Board under Ministry of social justice and empowerment for development and welfare of De-notified nomadic and semi nomadic tribes Defence Defence budget to cross Rs 3,00,000 crore for the first time ever  Entertainment Industry Indian filmmakers to get access to Single window clearance as well for ease of shooting films To introduce anti-camcording provisions in the Cinematograph Act to control piracy MSME and Traders 2% interest subvention on an incremental loan of  Rs 1 crore for GST registered SMEs Atleast 3% of the 25% sourcing for the Government undertakings will be from women owned SMEs Renewed Focus on Internal trade ; DIPP renamed to Department for Promotion of Industries and Internal trade Digital Villages The Government to make 1 lakh villages into Digital Villages over next five years Artificial Intelligence New National Artificial Intelligence portal to support National Program on Artificial Intelligence Achievements during 2014-19 State of the Economy India universally recognized as a bright spot of the global economy during last five years India is now the 6th largest economy in the world from being the 11thlargest in 2013-14 Annual average GDP growth during 2014-19 higher than any government since 1991 Inflation in December 2018 down to 2.19% only Liberalization of FDI policy, allowing most FDI to come through the automatic route Farmers Assured MSP of minimum 50% to all 22 crops Interest subvention doubled in last 5 years Soil Health card, Neem coated Urea game changer in farm sector Labor Employment opportunities expanded; EPFO membership increased by 2 crore Minimum income for every category of workers increased by 42% in last 5 years Poor and Backward Classes 10% reservation for the poor in educational institutions and government jobs Free electricity connection to every household under Saubhagya Yojana World’s largest healthcare programme, Ayushman Bharat, for nearly 50 crore people Aspirational Districts Programme for development in 115 most backward districts Rs. 1,70,000 crore spent during 2018-19 for cheaper food grains to poor and middle class 143 crore LED bulbs provided in mission mode with the cooperation of private sector Poor & middle class are saving Rs. 50, 000 crore p.a. in electricity bills due to LED bulbs 10 lakh patients benefited from free treatment under Ayushman Bharat Jan Aushadhi Kendras providing medicines at affordable prices to poor and middle class 14 out of 21 AIIIMS operating presently have been announced since 2014 Government tripled rural roads’ construction under the PMGSY 15.80 lakh habitations out of 17.84 lakh connected with pucca roads Rs. 19,000 crore for PMGSY in BE 2019-20 against Rs. 15,500 crore in RE 2018-19 1.53 crore houses built under PM Awas Yojana during the 2014-18 Women development to women led development 6 crore free LPG gas connections provided under Ujjwala Yojna ; All 8 crore by next year 70% of MUDRA Loan availed by Women Maternity leave extended to 26 weeks Financial support for pregnant women under Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Youth Over one crore youth trained under Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikash Yojana Self-employment boost through MUDRA, STAND-UP and START-UP India MSME and Traders Up-to Rs 1 crore loans can be availed in less than an hour 25%-28% is the average savings due to GeM (Government e-Market place) Income Tax Tax collections nearly doubled in five years- from Rs. 6.38 Lakh crore in 2013-14 to almost Rs. 12 lakh crore this year 80% growth in tax base- from 3.79 crore to 6.85 crore in five years GST GST made India a common market; GST led to increased tax base, higher collections and ease of trade as well as Inter-state movements now faster, more efficient, and hassle free Infrastructure Civil Aviation – UDAN Scheme Number of Operational Airports crossed 100 Latest: Pakyong airport in Sikkim Domestic Passenger traffic doubled in last 5 years Roads India is the fastest highway developer in the world Bogibeel rail-cum-road bridge in Assam and Arunachal Pradesh Waterways Flagship programme of Sagarmala along the coastal areas For first time, container freight movement started on Kolkata to Varanasi inland waterways Railways ‘Safest year’ for railways in its history All Unmanned Level Crossings on broad gauge network eliminated. Semi high-speed "Vande Bharat Express" introduced - first indigenously developed and manufactured Climate Change International Solar Alliance To promote renewable energy First treaty based international inter-governmental organisation headquartered in India Installed solar generation capacity grown over ten times in last five years Digital India Revolution More than 3 lakh Common Service Centres (CSCs) exist to deliver services to the citizens India now leading the world in the consumption of mobile data Monthly consumption of mobile data increased by over 50 times in the last five years Under Make in India, mobile and parts manufacturing companies increased from 2 to more than 268 providing huge job opportunities Jan Dhan-Aadhaar-Mobile (JAM) and Direct Benefit Transfer In the last five years, nearly 34 crore Jan Dhan bank accounts opened Aadhaar now near universally implemented Ensure the poor and middle class receive the benefits of Government schemes directly in their bank accounts by eliminating middlemen Customs and trading across borders Customs duties on 36 capital goods abolished Digitization of import and export transactions RFID technology to improve logistics Steps against corruption Government walked the talk on corruption and ushered in a new era of transparency: FM RERA and Benami Transaction (Prohibition) Act have brought transparency in real estate The Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018 to help confiscate economic offenders Government conducted transparent auction of natural resources such as coal & spectrum   Ten dimensions of Vision for India of 2030 India would be a modern, technology driven, high growth, equitable and transparent society To build physical as well as social infrastructure and to provide ease of living To create a Digital India, digitize government processes with leaders from youth Making India pollution free by leading transport revolution with Electric Vehicles and focus on Renewables Expanding rural industrialisation using modern digital technologies to generate massive employment Clean Rivers, safe drinking water to all Indians and efficient use of water through micro-irrigation Besides scaling up of Sagarmala, Coastline and Ocean waters powering India’s development and growth Aim at our space programme – Gaganyaan, India becoming the launch-pad of satellites for the World and placing an Indian astronaut into space by 2022 Making India self-sufficient in food, exporting to the world to meet their food needs and producing food in the most organic way A healthy India via Ayushman Bharat with women having equal rights and concern for their safety and empowerment Transforming India into a Minimum Government Maximum Governance nation with pro-active and responsible bureaucracy Prelims oriented News The Future of Rail Report: By International Energy Agency (IEA) 2019 is an important milestone for India 150th anniversary of the birth of Mahatma Gandhi 150th anniversary of the death of Mirza Ghalib 100th anniversary of the Government of India Act of 1919 100th anniversary of Rowlatt Act or Black Act 100th anniversary of Jallianwala Bagh massacre 50th anniversary of the Gujarat riots of September-October 1969 35th anniversary of first Indian to be in outer space 35th anniversary of Operation Blue Star Nation celebrates 70th anniversary of the Constitution Day this year. 550th birth anniversary of Guru Nanak Devji this year: He taught us to lead our lives with the spirit of service and goodwill. Note: All the above historic persons and happenings are important for exam this year. While preparing, give more focus on these issues/events. First Swadesh Darshan project in Sikkim: Development of North East Circuit: Rangpo– Rorathang- Aritar- Phadamchen- Nathang-Sherathang- Tsongmo- Gangtok-Phodong- Mangan- Lachung-Yumthang- Lachen- Thangu-Gurudongmer- Mangan- Gangtok-Tuminlingee- Singtam Under this project, the Ministry has developed tourism infrastructure facilities like Tourist Information Centre, Meditation Centre, Organic Eco Tourism centre, Log Huts, Zip Line, Flower Exhibition Centre, Walkways, Souvenir Shops, Cafeteria, Rain Shelters, Wayside Amenity, Last Mile Connectivity, Parking, Public Toilets etc,. National Salt Satyagraha Memorial: In Dandi, Gujarat; Dandi memorial encapsulates the ideals of Mahatma Gandhi- Agrah for Swadeshi, Swatchagrah and Satyagraha One can view statues of Mahatma Gandhi and 80 Satyagrahis who had marched with him during the historic Dandi Salt March in 1930 to make salt from sea water against the British law. The memorial also has 24-narrative murals depicting various events and stories from the historic 1930 Salt March. Solar trees are installed to meet the energy requirements of the memorial complex. CSC launches First Cash and Carry Store in Kanth, Muradabad (Uttar Pradesh): To promote rural marketing and create employment; Each cash and carry store will provide employment minimum 4 persons directly and indirectly. Clubbed with economic census initiative, stage has been set to create 25 lakh job opportunities in the near future in under–exposed parts of India. Integrated Refinery Expansion Project Complex (IREP) at Kochi: IREP will be a modern expansion complex and transform Kochi refinery into the largest PSU Refinery in India with world class standards. It will be equipped for production of cleaner Fuels for India. It will double the production of LPG & diesel and commence production of feedstock for petrochemical projects in this plant. National Agricultural Higher Education Project (NAHEP): To attract talent and strengthen higher agricultural education in the country It is a Rs 1100 crore ambitious project to attract talent and strengthen higher agricultural education in the country. This project will be funded by the World Bank and the Indian Government on a 50:50 basis. In addition, a four year degree in Agriculture, Horticulture, Fisheries and Forestry has been declared a professional degree. Agro-textiles Potential of agricultural textiles has been proven that the income of a farmer who uses agro-tech goes up by 60% - 70%. The job-giving potential of the technical textiles sector is huge; every Rs. 1 crore investment generates 70 jobs. This will lead to growth in sectors such as research, education and facilities such as testing labs as well. A McKinsey Global Institute report states that application of agricultural technologies can help close to 90 million farmers by 2025. India and OECD sign agreement to enable India’s participation in Programme for International Students Assessment (PISA) to be held in 2021 The participation in PISA 2021 would indicate the health of the education system and would motivate other schools /states in the subsequent cycles. This will lead to improvement in the learning levels of the children and enhance the quality of education in the country. Features of India’s participation in PISA: Within the country (or specific geography to be covered in case of large countries), PISA covers a sample of 15-year-old students representing all forms of schooling i.e. public, private, private aided etc. PISA is a competency based assessment which unlike content-based assessment, measures the extent to which students have acquired key competencies that are essential for full participation in modern societies. It would lead to recognition and acceptability of Indian students and prepare them for the global economy in the 21st century. Learnings from participation in PISA will help to introduce competency based examination reforms in the school system and help move away from rote learning. The CBSE and NCERT will be part of the process and activities leading to the actual test. More than 80 countries, including 44 middle-income countries, have participated in the assessment since the first round of testing in 2000.  Next round of PISA is going to be held in 2021. The list of registered countries includes Brazil, China (certain areas like Shanghai and Beijing) and countries from South-East Asia like Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam. Key features of PISA: PISA is a triennial international survey (every three years) which aims to evaluate the education system worldwide by testing the skills and knowledge of 15-year-old students. Students are assessed in reading, mathematics, science and collaborative problem-solving. Participation in PISA allows benchmarking performance against a wide range of countries. PISA uses test items aligned with international benchmarks. Test items are adapted to the local context and language, pilot tested and validated before being used for the test. OECD has agreed to contextualize the questions for Indian students. Quotes: Vice President of India, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu On Education Has called for revisiting education system with emphasis on history, heritage, culture, traditions, values and ethos of India Has also called for reorienting the education system to make students think rationally and independently to enable them face the challenges in life with equanimity. The stories of sacrifice, valour and contributions made by the freedom fighters and other leaders should become an important component of our education system. An education which balances the head, heart, body and spirit alone can be called a truly holistic education. The child should not only be able acquire and absorb knowledge, but should also be able to apply the knowledge in real life situation. Education system must allow children enjoy schooling and make them lifelong learners. True learning takes place through “observation”, “reading”, “discussion”, “reflection”, “analysing” and “synthesizing. Character-building should become the essential dharma of education. Apart from learning and acquiring knowledge, students must also learn to practice yoga and participate in sporting activities as it was essential to develop a sense of equilibrium in the stress- filled world of today.

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz - 2019 : IAS Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 164

UPSC Quiz - 2019 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 164 Archives Q.1) ‘Seleka Rebels’ are associated with which of the following countries? Nigeria Central African Republic Ivory Coast Congo Q.2) ‘Anti-balaka’ militants is associated with Yemen Syria Djibouti Central African Republic Q.3) The term ‘Customer Acceptance Test’ was in news recently in the context of Mirage 2000 aircraft PM-KISAN E-Vehicles Train – 18 Q.4) Consider the following statements with respect to the term ‘Brumation’ It is a dormant period when cold-blooded reptiles temporarily shut down all activity to conserve energy. It is an innate behaviour for reptiles, regardless of the environment. Select the correct statements: 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.5) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘microbial fuel cell (MFC)’ It harnesses the power of respiring microbes to convert organic substrates directly into electrical energy It transforms chemical energy into electricity using oxidation reduction reactions Select the correct statement 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 To Download the Solution - Click here All the Best  IASbaba

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