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Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz - 2019 : IAS Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 151

UPSC Quiz - 2019 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 151 Archives Q.1) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Commonwealth Secretariat Arbitral Tribunal (CSAT)’ The Commonwealth Secretariat Arbitral Tribunal was established and operates under a Statute agreed by Commonwealth governments in 1995. The CSAT has a total of eight members, including its president and the members are picked up on the basis of regional representations. Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) Where is ‘Seno Ballena Fjord’ located? Scandinavia Patagonia Far Eastern Federal District of Russia New Zealand Q.3) ‘Global Youth Development Index’ is released by Commonwealth Secretariat UNESCO International Labour Organization AIESEC Q.4) The terms 'Marginal Standing Facility Rate' and 'Net Demand and Time Liabilities', sometimes appearing in news, are used in relation to Manufacturing industries Banking operations Demand and supply of agriculture products Service sector statistics Q.5) Which of the following statements regarding Scheduled Banks is NOT CORRECT? They are listed under the 2nd Schedule of the RBI Act 1934 They are eligible to get loans from the RBI at Bank rate They get automatic membership of the clearing house They cannot rediscount the First class Bill of Exchange To Download the Solution - Click here All the Best  IASbaba

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

Daily Current Affairs IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 14th January 2019

Daily Current Affairs IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 14th January 2019 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Asian Waterbird Census, Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs), Wetland International and Bombay Natural History Society Part of: GS Prelims and Mains III – Animal Conservation; Biodiversity; International Organizations In news: A waterbird survey conducted as part of the annual Asian Waterbird Census (in the Upper Kuttanad region, Kerala) has spotted three new species — Greater flamingo, Grey-headed lapwing, and Blue-cheeked bee-eater. The survey however pointed that compared to the previous years, the number of winged visitors to the region has declined drastically. In 2017, the survey recorded 28,198 birds whereas 41,576 were spotted last year. Reasons: Severe floods that affected Kerala during August 2018 and subsequent delay in preparing paddy fields Do you know? The Asian Waterbird Census (AWC) is co-coordinated by Wetlands International- as part of global programme, the “International Waterbird Census”. The survey would help understand the changes to wetland systems, change in migratory pattern of birds, and impact of climate change. The information would be used to promote the designation and management of protected areas, Ramsar Sites, Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs), and so on. Important Value Additions: About Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) IBA is an initiative by BirdLife It is a programme which aims to identify, monitor and protect a global network of IBAs for conservation of the world's birds and associated biodiversity. BirdLife’s Important Bird and Biodiversity Area concept has been developed and applied for over 30 years. Initially, IBAs were identified only for terrestrial and freshwater environments, but over the past decade, the IBA process and method has been adapted and applied in the marine realm. In 2012, BirdLife published the first Marine IBA “e-atlas”, with details of 3,000 IBAs in coastal and territorial waters as well as on the high seas. According to Birdlife International, designation of IBAs is based on standardized criteria, namely hold significant numbers of one or more globally threatened bird species, be one of a set of sites that together hold a suite of restricted-range species or biome-restricted species and have exceptionally large numbers of migratory or congregatory birds. The IBAs contain a range of habitats, such as wetlands, mudflats, microhabitats in biodiversity hotspots, grasslands and scrublands, making them excellent indicators of biodiversity richness. About Wetland International Wetlands International is a global organisation that works to sustain and restore wetlands and their resources for people and biodiversity. It is an independent, not-for-profit, global organisation, supported by government and NGO membership from around the world. About Bombay Natural History Society BNHS is a non government Organisation (NGO) founded in the year 1883. It engages itself in the conservation of nature and natural resources and also in the research and conservation of endangered species. Its mission is to conserve nature, primarily biological diversity through action based on research, education and public awareness. Do you know? In India, the AWC is annually coordinated by the Bombay Natural history Society (BNHS) and Wetlands International. The Bombay Natural History Society and Birdlife International have identified 467 IBAs in India. Human-animal conflicts Part of: GS Prelims and Mains III – Animal Conservation; Biodiversity In news: In 2016, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MOEFCC) released ‘Eco-friendly measures to mitigate impacts of linear infrastructure’, an advisory document for mitigating human-animal conflicts. Despite this advisory, and many others issued by conservationists and organisations, deaths of wild animals in road and railway accidents have continued unabated. Key facts/concerns: 49 elephants were killed in Railway accidents between 2016-18 (nine in 2015-16, 21 casualties in 2016-17 and 19 in 2017-18). In the same 3-year period, three tigers were killed in road accidents while eight tigers were mowed down by trains. 10 lions died in railway and road accidents between 2016-2018. West Bengal and Assam together accounted for 37 out of the 49 deaths of elephants on train tracks across the country. The number of elephants dying in railway accidents in Assam have increased year-by-year ( 3 deaths in 2015-16, 10 in 2016-17, 14 in 2017-18) Pic: https://d39gegkjaqduz9.cloudfront.net/TH/2019/01/14/DEL/Delhi/TH/5_07/895b67c0_2665580_101_mr.jpg India-US: 2+2 intercession Part of: GS Prelims and Mains II - International Relations; India and the world In news: India and the U.S. reviewed the progress on finalising two key agreements during the recently held 2+2 intercession. The two key agreements are Industrial Security Annex (ISA) and the Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement for Geo-spatial Cooperation (BECA). The ISA is particularly essential as the Indian industry looks for a greater role in defence manufacturing. It allows sharing of classified information from the U.S. government and American companies with the Indian private sector, which is so far limited to the Indian government and the defence public sector undertakings. Pic: https://d39gegkjaqduz9.cloudfront.net/TH/2019/01/14/DEL/Delhi/TH/5_11/d9d8c5e3_2665618_101_mr.jpg India to grow crops for UAE, Saudi Arabia Part of: GS Prelims and Mains II - International Relations; India and the world In news: UAE and Saudi Arabia has decided to use India as a base to address their food security concerns. Farm-to-port project: For the first time, India’s export policy identifies the potential of agriculture along with horticulture, dairy, plantation and fisheries. The farm-to-port project will be similar to a special economic zone but in the style of a corporatised farm, where crops would be grown keeping a specific UAE market in mind. (MAINS FOCUS) INTERNATIONAL TOPIC:General studies 2 Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests Policies of developed and developing countries and their impact on India’s interests. India and its neighbours; International Relations A better solution for Afghanistan crisis: idea of enabling its neutrality and engaging Taliban Context:          The best way out for Afghanistan issue would be to re-place Afghanistan in its traditional mode of neutrality. For that, two things were essential. The Afghans themselves must declare unequivocally that they would follow strict neutrality in their relations with external powers, and the outside powers must commit themselves to respect Afghanistan’s neutrality. In other words, external powers must subscribe to a multilateral declaration not to interfere in the internal affairs of Afghanistan together with an obligation on Afghanistan not to seek outside intervention in its internal situation. The agreement on the Neutrality of Laos, concluded in 1962, could provide a model for the neutralisation of Afghanistan. The U.S.’s plan to pull out of Afghanistan is an appropriate time to re-examine the idea of enabling its neutrality. Engage with the Taliban One thing that should already have been done and must be done is to engage in dialogue with the Taliban. Taliban will definitely be a major player in the politics of Afghanistan in the coming months and years. They already control more than 50% of the country and are getting stronger and bolder by the day. They are also engaged in direct talks with China, Russia, the Central Asian states and others. The Americans, represented by former diplomat Zalmay Khalilzad, have begun sustained dialogue with the Taliban. The Taliban have refused to talk to the Kabul government so far, but as and when the Americans pull out, they might agree to engage with the Ashraf Ghani government. In future, Taliban are guaranteed to play an important, perhaps even a decisive role in the governing structures of the country. Do you know? Security cooperation in Afghanistan is impossible without a political solution that involves reconciling various hostile elements. This would lead to a more inclusive national government which has representation from all groups. It is also argued that conflict within Afghanistan can be resolved by distribution of power among the major ethnic groups and the political factions and between the central afghan government and the provinces. Finding a right balance that would keep all of the players satisfied, is the most crucial part. India has so far refrained from establishing formal contacts with the Taliban. (No direct talks with Taliban as long as Taliban refuse to acknowledge the legitimacy of the Kabul government). However, India must look after its own interests. In future, a Taliban-dominated government in Kabul may necessarily pose a serious security threat to India. Even Iran, a Shia regime, has established official dialogue with the Taliban, a staunchly Sunni movement. It would not be difficult for our agencies to establish contacts that would facilitate initiating an official dialogue with Taliban. Role of Regional Players Regional players’ role is crucial for Afghan peace process. It is important to promote a regional compact among all the neighbouring countries as well as relevant external powers, and with the endorsement of the UN Security Council, to commit themselves not to interfere in Afghanistan’s internal affairs. Pakistan should have no objection to formally agreeing to Afghanistan’s neutrality. Pakistan should respect the Bilateral Agreement on the Principles of Mutual Relations (in particular on Non-interference and Non-intervention), signed in Geneva in 1988 between Pakistan and Afghanistan. According to that agreement, the parties should respect the right of the other side to determine its political, social and culture system without interference in any form; to refrain from over throwing or changing the political system of the other side; to ensure that its territory was not used to violate the sovereignty, etc of the other side, to prevent within its territory the training, etc of mercenaries from whatever origin for the purpose of hostile activities against the other side. The Bonn Agreement of 2001, which made Hamid Karzai the interim chief of Afghan government, contains a request to the United Nations and the international community to ‘guarantee’ non-interference in the internal affairs of Afghanistan, a request not acted upon so far. Conclusion: A regional pact on non-interference and non-intervention should be welcomed by all the regional states. After the exit of US and other western countries, no other country will offer to put boots on the ground, nor should they; certainly not India. The only alternative is to think of some neutrality arrangement. Connecting the dots: Why have Afghanistan’s continued peace efforts under the Kabul Process failed to bear fruit, despite international support? Discuss how can regional and international stakeholders in the Afghan peace process support the Afghan government in achieving the results Afghanistan seeks? Do you think India should fight the Taliban in Afghanistan? Examine its pros and cons. NATIONAL/GOVERNANCE TOPIC:General studies 2 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance- applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures. Right to information: A tool to strengthen democracy Introduction: Right to Information (RTI) is usually used as a synonym for democracy. This is a tool to strengthen citizens’ sovereignty. The words of Sir Francis Bacon — “Knowledge is power” — aptly bring out the essence of the Right to Information Act (RTI). Knowledge, gained through access to correct information, has the ability to upturn the power dynamic: It places a person at a formidable position to fight for their rights and enables them to ask vital questions. Significance of RTI Act The introduction of RTI Act has strengthened the principles of democracy, which in Abraham Lincoln’s words is “of the people, by the people and for the people”, by facilitating people’s participation in governance. It has helped to keep a check on arbitrary decision making by public institutions. RTI was not just limited to the urban elites; it gave voice to the poor sections of the society by providing them with a tool of information to hold the government accountable. The RTI is all about making citizens informed. Informed societies mean a lively and functioning democracy. RTI promotes transparency and accountability. RTI laws can play a crucial role in combating corruption. RTI also is important in promoting and upholding human rights. However, lack of information may prevent citizens from realising their aspirations, because it leaves them without the basis to participate in any debate, discussion and question-answer session regarding the decision-making process. Concerns: In October 2018, the RTI completed 13 years of its inception. For the last few years, it has faced constant onslaught by the current regime. The latest Global Right to Information Rating has ranked India at the sixth position, a rank lower than last year. While under the UPA government, India positioned itself at second place, under the BJP-led government the ranking has successively dropped. Callous attitude of Central Information Commission and Information Commissioners (ICs): Findings of a study revealed that Central Information Commission took an average of 319 days to hear and give an order on an appeal from the date it was filed before the commission, with the maximum number of days taken by the CIC reaching to 862 days. An average of 56 per cent of orders recorded violations of Section 20 of the RTI, but a penalty was imposed in only 4 per cent of the cases. Poor strength of CIC: Only seven ICs working at present along with CIC. Now, fours ICs are to retire by the end of this year. A fresh attempt to indirectly amend the RTI has also been made through the Personal Data Protection Bill that makes the wordings of Section 8(j) of the RTI vague, not specifying the extent of harm or differentiation between personal information and personal data. Connecting the dots: Has RTI been successful in bringing transparency into governance? Critically evaluate. The RTI Act, 2005 is truly heralded as one of the most advanced right to information legislations in the world. However, recent amendments proposed by the government is a regressive step. Discuss. (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Featured Comments and comments Up-voted by IASbaba are the “correct answers”. IASbaba App users – Team IASbaba will provide correct answers in comment section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1) The Asian Waterbird Census (AWC) is carried out each January as a voluntary activity. Which of the following statements are correct regarding AWC? It is an international Program that focuses on monitoring the status of waterbirds and wetlands. It aims to increase public awareness on issues related to wetland and waterbird conservation. In India AWC is annually coordinated by Bombay Natural History Society and Wetlands International. Select the code from following: 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.2) Consider the following statements about Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) It was developed and sites are identified by BirdLife International IBAs are places of international significance for the conservation of birds and other biodiversity A site can be listed as an IBA only if it holds a population of a species categorized by the IUCN Red List as Critically Endangered Select the correct statements 1 Only 1 and 2 2 and 3 1, 2 and 3 Q.3) With reference to Wetlands International, consider the below statements: It is an intergovernmental organization formed by the countries which are signatories to Ramsar Convention. It works at the field level to develop and mobilize knowledge, and use the practical experience to advocate for better policies. Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.4) Which of the following statements related to the Bird Life International is/are correct? It is a platform for all the stakeholders engaged in genetic resource conservation and management of birds in developing nations. It is the official Red List authority for birds, for the International Union for Conservation of Nature. It publishes the scientific journal Bird Conservation International. Select the appropriate code 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All MUST READ Basic income works and works well The Hindu Brexit: Taking back control? Not really The Hindu A quota for farmers Indian Express A forum for pseudo-science Indian Express

PIB

Press Information Bureau (PIB) IAS UPSC – 6th Jan to 13th Jan - 2019

Press Information Bureau (PIB) IAS UPSC – 6th Jan to 13th Jan - 2019 ARCHIVES GS-2 Passage of One Hundred and Twenty-Fourth Constitution Amendment Bill, 2019 (Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation) Amendment carves up additional quota for poor not under SC/ST, OBC categories 0% seats reserved for poor in higher education institutions, including private aided or unaided institutions 10% state jobs reserved for poor. Reservation only in initial appointment 10% reservation for ‘economically weaker sections’ will be in addition to the existing reservation Articles 15 & 16 amended New clause 6 inserted in Article 15 (Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth) New clause 6 inserted in Article 16 (Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment) Govt to notify who is poor: ‘Economically weaker sections’ to be defined by the State from time to time on the basis of family income and other indicators of economic disadvantage Government's reasoning for bringing in the legislation Poor citizens outside the SC, ST and OBC categories are unable to compete with those who are better off Reservation benefits in line with the directive principles of state policy which call for extending help to the weaker sections No need for ratification by states as extension of reservation to (non-SC/ST-OBC) poor not listed in Art 368(2)  While motions for introduction of Constitution Amendment Bills are adopted by simple majority, a majority of the total membership of the House and a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting is required for adoption of effective clauses and motions for consideration and passing of these Bills Lok Sabha passes “The DNA Technology (Use and Application) Regulation Bill - 2019” (Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation) The Bill has been formulated recognizing the need for regulation of the use and application of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) technology, for establishing identity of missing persons, victims, offenders, under trials and unknown deceased persons. The purpose of this Bill is to expand the application of DNA-based forensic technologies to support and strengthen the justice delivery system of the country. The utility of DNA based technologies for solving crimes, and to identify missing persons, is well recognized across the world. By providing for the mandatory accreditation and regulation of DNA laboratories, the Bill seeks to ensure that with the proposed expanded use of this technology in this country, there is also the assurance that the DNA test results are reliable, and furthermore that the data remain protected from misuse or abuse in terms of the privacy rights of our citizens. The key components of this Bill include: Establishment of a DNA Regulatory Board Accreditation of DNA laboratories undertaking DNA testing, analysing, etc. Establishment of the National and Regional DNA Data Banks, as envisaged in the Bill, will assist in forensic investigations. This will aid in scientific up-gradation and streamlining of the DNA testing activities in the country with appropriate inputs from the DNA Regulatory Board which would be set up for the purpose. The Bill will add value in empowering the criminal justice delivery system by enabling the application of DNA evidence, which is considered the gold standard in crime investigations. Cinematograph Act, 1952 (Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation) In order to check film piracy, particularly release of pirated version of films on internet which causes huge losses to the film industry and government exchequer, Ministry of I&B intends to have an enabling provision in the Cinematograph Act, 1952. Ministry proposes for introduction of Cinematograph Act (Amendment) Bill for inclusion of a new Sub-Section (4) of Section 7 of the Cinematograph Act, 1952 with the following text: “Notwithstanding any law for the time being in force including any provision of the Copyright Act, 1957, any person who, during the exhibition of an audiovisual work, cinematographic in an exhibition facility used to exhibit cinematograph films or audiovisual recordings and without the written authorization of the copyright owner, uses any audiovisual recording device to knowingly make or transmit or attempt to make or transmit or abet the making or transmission of a copy or visual recording or sound recording embodying a cinematograph film or audiovisual recording or any part thereof or a copy of sound recording accompanying such cinematograph film or audiovisual recording or any part thereof during subsistence of copyright in such cinematograph film or sound recording, shall be punishable with imprisonment not exceeding three years and shall also be liable to fine not exceeding Rs.10 Lakhs, or to a term of imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years or both.” Government notifies High Level committee for implementation of Clause 6 of Assam Accord (Topic: Refugee issue; Citizenship Amendment Bill. Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes) Committee headed by: Shri M.P. Bezbarauah and includes eminent Assamese persons from different fields To submit report: Within 6 months The HLC has been constituted as per Clause 6 of the Memorandum of Settlement, known as the Assam Accord, signed on 15th August, 1985. Clause 6 of the Accord states that: “Constitutional, legislative and administrative safeguards, as may be appropriate, shall be provided to protect, preserve and promote the cultural, social, linguistic identity and heritage of the Assamese people.” The Terms of Reference for the Committee are as under: - The Committee will examine the effectiveness of actions taken since 1985 to implement Clause 6 of the Assam Accord. The Committee will hold discussions with various stakeholders including social organizations, legal and constitutional experts, eminent persons from the field of art, culture and literature, conservationists, economists, linguists and sociologists. The Committee will assess the appropriate level of reservation of seats in Assam Legislative Assembly and local bodies for the Assamese people. The Committee will also suggest measures to be taken to protect Assamese and other indigenous languages of Assam. The Committee will recommend the appropriate level of reservations in employment under the Government of Assam for the Assamese people. The Committee may suggest any other measures as may be necessary to protect, preserve and promote cultural, social, linguistic identity and heritage of the Assamese people. Must read: Updated National Register of Citizens(NRC) of Assam National Policy on Domestic Workers (Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation) As per the National Sample Survey (NSSO Statsitics-2011-2012,68th round) according to which estimated 39 lakhs people are employed as domestic workers by private households, of which  26 lakhs are female domestic workers. The Ministry of Labour & Employment is considering to formulate a National Policy on Domestic Workers which is in the draft stage. The salient features of the proposed draft National Policy on Domestic Workers are as under: - Inclusion of Domestic Workers in the existing legislations Domestic workers will have the right to register as unorganized   workers. Such registration will facilitate their access to rights & benefits. Right to form their own associations/unions Right to minimum wages, access to social security Right to enhance their skills Protection of Domestic Workers from abuse and exploitation Domestic Workers to have access to courts, tribunals for grievance redressal Establishment of a mechanism for regulation of private placement agencies. Establishment of a grievance redressal system for domestic workers Regulation of Functions of MSMEs (Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation) In order to promote the Ease of Doing Business, the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) has introduced various initiatives including online filing of UdyogAadhaar Memorandum (UAM). The Ministry has also taken the following steps: MSME SAMADHAAN Portal- for empowering micro and small entrepreneurs across the country to directly register their cases relating to delayed payments. MSME SAMBANDH Portal- to help in monitoring the implementation of public procurement policy for micro and small enterprises. MSME SAMPARK Portal – A digital platform wherein jobseekers (passed out trainees/students of MSME Technology Centres) and recruiters get connected. Digital Payments- to pass on the benefits of the schemes of Ministry of MSME through digital payment gateway. Two new Skill Development Scheme approved (Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation) Skills Acquisition and Knowledge Awareness for Livelihood (SANKALP): To reform the skill development landscape, strengthen institutions at Central and State levels, enable greater decentralization of skill development governance, and improve industry connect of skill development programs. The main objectives of the project are: Creating convergence among all skill training activities, both State-led and Government of India funded, at the state level; Improving quality of skill development programs through enablers such as building a pool of quality trainers and assessors, developing model curriculum and content, and standardizing assessment and certification; Establishing robust monitoring and evaluation system for skill training programs; Providing access to skill training opportunities to the disadvantaged sections; and Creating industry led and demand driven skill training capacity Skills Strengthening for Industrial Value Enhancement (STRIVE) covering 4 result areas - Improved performance of ITI. Increased Capacities of State Governments to support ITIs and Apprenticeship Training Improved Teaching and Learning. Improved and Broadened Apprenticeship Training. Launch of National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) (Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation) Aim: A time bound national level strategy for pan India implementation to tackle the increasing air pollution problem across the country in a comprehensive manner A mid-term, five-year action plan with 2019 as the first year. Taking into account the available international experiences and national studies, the tentative national level target of 20%–30% reduction of PM2.5 and PM10 concentration by 2024 is proposed under the NCAP taking 2017 as the base year for the comparison of concentration. Overall objective of the NCAP is comprehensive mitigation actions for prevention, control and abatement of air pollution besides augmenting the air quality monitoring network across the country and strengthening the awareness and capacity building activities The approach for NCAP includes collaborative, multi-scale and cross-sectoral coordination between the relevant central ministries, state governments and local bodies. Other features of NCAP include, increasing number of monitoring stations in the country including rural monitoring stations, technology support, emphasis on awareness and capacity building initiatives, setting up of certification agencies for monitoring equipment, source apportionment studies, emphasis on enforcement, specific sectoral interventions etc. India & Export of Herbs and Herbal Products (Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation) The total world herbal trade is currently assessed at USD 120 billion. India’s share in the global export of herbs and herbal products is low due to the following reasons: Inadequate Agricultural practices. Inadequate Quality Control procedure. Lack of large-scale Organic Cultivation. Lack of Processing and R&D. Lack of Standardization in Products, Processes and Services. Lack of regulatory framework in trade of Medicinal Plants. Numbers speak: The export of herbs and value-added extracts of medicinal herbs are gradually increasing over the years. India exported USD 330.18 Million worth of Herbs during 2017-18 with a growth rate of 14.22% over the previous year. Also, the export of value-added extracts of medicinal herbs / herbal products during 2017-18 stood at USD 456.12 Million recording a growth rate of 12.23% over the previous year. In order to promote India’s exports, the Government has taken several measures: Department of Commerce has set up Export Promotion Councils for promoting exports of various product groups / sectors. The mandate of export promotion of Herbs and Medicinal Plants has been assigned to Shellac & Forest Products Export Promotion Council (SHEFEXIL), headquartered at Kolkata. The export promotion of several Herbal Products has been assigned to Pharmaceuticals Export Promotion Council (PHARMEXCIL), besides others. These EPCs facilitate the exporting community and undertake various export promotional measures for promotion of export of their products. Under Market Access Initiative (MAI) Scheme of the Department of Commerce, the EPCs / Trade Bodies are provided financial assistance for participation and organizing Trade Fairs, Buyer Seller Meets (BSMs), Reverse Buyer Seller Meets (RBSMs), Research & Product Development, Market Studies, etc. Merchandise Exports from India Scheme (MEIS) provides incentives to the exporting community for specified goods so as to offset infrastructural inefficiencies and the associated costs of exporting products produced in India, giving special emphasis to those which are of India’s export interest and have the capability to generate employment and enhance India’s competitiveness in the world market. ‘Niryat Bandhu Scheme’ has been galvanised and repositioned to achieve the objectives of ‘Skill India’ and trade promotion/awareness. International Cooperation Scheme of Ayush Ministry provides financial assistance to the exporters for the participation in Trade Fairs, organising International Business Meets & Conferences and product registration reimbursements. The National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB), Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India has launched a “Voluntary Certification Scheme for Medicinal Plants Produce (VCSMPP)” on 22nd November, 2017 in order to encourage the Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) and Good Field Collection Practices (GFCPs) in medicinal plants. The VCSMPP will enhance the availability of the certified quality medicinal plants raw material in the country and also boost their export and increase India’s share in the global export of herbs. Ministry of Ayush through its Quality Certification programme like Ayush mark and Premium mark is also assisting industry in setting up of quality standards. Ministry of Ayush has entered into MoUs with few countries for promotion of traditional medicine which will help exports in long run. India & Gems and Jewellery Industry (Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation) The gem and jewellery sector contribute significantly to the economy of the country in terms of exports as well as employment generation. In the year 2017-18, the gem and jewellery exports was 13.69% of total merchandise exports from the country. As per estimates, the sector provides employment to around 5 million people. Steps taken to strengthen the gems and jewellery industry: Establishment of Special Notified Zone (SNZ) Setting up of common facility centres for gems and jewellery sector Creation of separate ITC HS Code for lab grown diamond Reduction of GST rates for cut and polished diamonds and precious stones Exempting IGST on import of gold by specified agencies and banks Exemption from GST on supply of gold by Nominated Agencies to exporters Providing financial assistance for participation of international fairs, for organizing buyer seller meets, creation of export related infrastructure etc. under various schemes of Department of Commerce Cabinet approves MoU on Maritime issues between India and Denmark: Signing of the MoU will pave way for both countries for exploration of areas for bilateral collaboration: Facilitating cross-border cooperation and investments between the maritime sectors of India and Denmark; Enabling both the countries to exchange expertise, publications, information, data and statistics to improve mutual capabilities for ensuring quality shipping;cooperation in the field of green maritime technology and shipbuilding, granting the Indian Register of Shipping (IRS) the status of Recognized Organization (RO), cooperation in the fields of maritime training and education; Research and development for sustained cooperation in the field of merchant shipping and maritime transport related matters; and It will also further extend and deepen the cooperation on the opportunities of mutual benefits to both the countries, at both bilateral and international level. MoU between India and Japan on Development of Advanced Model Single Window: The MoU would lead to cooperation between India and Japan on the development of ‘Advanced Model Single Window’ and its operationalization in Central and State Governments in India for taking administrative procedures necessary for business operations, and to develop a structure in which those procedures are completed in an expeditious manner, so as to accelerate India’s effort to promote Ease of Doing Business in India. The ‘Advanced Model Single Window’ is based on the best practices in and outside India, with measurable parameters and identify possible obstacles for establishment of the Single Window in India. It will thus, facilitate investments. MoU between India and France on technical bilateral cooperation in the field of new and renewable energy: India and France aim to establish the basis for a cooperative institutional relationship to encourage and promote technical bilateral cooperation on new and renewable issues on the basis of mutual benefit, equality and reciprocity. The technical cooperation will cover joint research working groups, pilot projects, capacity building programs, study tour, case studies and the sharing of experience/expertise. Signing of the TOR provide tax assistance to Swaziland: Will give impetus to India's support in capacity building in tax matters in developing countries. Background: The Tax Inspectors Without Borders (TIWB) Programme which is jointly launched by UNDP and OECD is intended to support developing countries to strengthen national tax administrations through building audit capacity and to share this knowledge with other countries. The TIWB Programme aims to strengthen tax administrations of developing countries by transferring technical know-how and skills to their tax auditors, and through the sharing of general audit practices and dissemination of knowledge products with them. The TIWB Programme complements the efforts of the international community to strengthen cooperation on tax matters and contribute to domestic tax mobilisation efforts of developing countries. India has been supportive in capacity building in tax matters in developing countries. India being a global leader in this respect has a very important role to play in South-South Cooperation in tax matters. Bilateral Swap Arrangement between India and Japan: The swap arrangement is an agreement between India and Japan to essentially exchange and re-exchange a maximum amount of USD 75 Billion for domestic currency, for the purpose of maintaining an appropriate level of balance of payments for meeting short-term deficiency in foreign exchange. Must Read – Ayushman Bharat: Link 1 + Link 2 Prelims oriented News Kumbh Sangam: the confluence of rivers Ganga, Yamuna and mythical Saraswati ‘Police’ and ‘Public’ are State subject as per the Constitution of India and States are primarily responsible for prevention, detection and investigation of crime through their law enforcement machinery. Performance Grading Index (PGI): The PGI is for the purpose of grading States and UTs on their performance across 70 indicators on school education. The PGI has seventy (70) indicators divided into two categories viz Outcomes and Governance processes. The first category is divided into four domains viz. Learning outcomes, Access outcomes, Infrastructure and Facilities and Equity outcomes; the second category is about Governance processes which covers attendance, teacher adequacy, administrative adequacy, training, accountability and transparency. Shagun Portal: It has two modules – (1) Repository of innovation and (2) Online monitoring. Repository: This repository of good practices focuses on positive stories and developments that are driving performance improvements in school education. These innovative practices are documented in the form of case studies, videos, testimonials and images. Monitoring: The online monitoring module of Shagun measures state-level performance and progress against key educational indicators which enables DSEL and education departments of State and UTs to conduct real-time assessments. The main functions are fund utilisation tracking, performance measurement on key educational indicators, online planning & goal setting, physical targets and outcomes monitoring. Section 34(1) of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 mandates reservation of not less than four percent of the total number of vacancies in Government Establishments for persons with benchmark disabilities. The International Civil Aviation Organization has predicted a 100 percent increase in global air travel by the year 2030, creating a need for extensive efforts to bring the entire aviation ecosystem to pace. India takes over operations of part of Chabahar Port in Iran: This is the first time India will be operating a port outside its territories. Blue Revolution Scheme: For overall development of fisheries sector, including enhancement of production and productivity, improving the livelihood of the fishers and welfare of fishermen for realizing “Blue Revolution” in the country. Restructured National Bamboo Mission (NBM): The scheme aims to inter-alia supplement farm income of farmers with focus on the development of complete value chain of bamboo sector linking growers with industry. Launch of Sino-Indian Digital Collaboration Plaza (SIDCOP): An initiative to bring Indian IT companies and Chinese enterprises closer to each other on a single AI enabled platform. This is a partnership by National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM) with Municipal Governments of Guiyang and Dalian. This platform could be useful to connect with top providers from India and help Chinese enterprises source the right solution providers for their projects. Cyber Crime Prevention against Women and Children (CCPWC) Scheme: To have an effective mechanism to handle cybercrimes against women and children in the country Online cybercrime reporting platform One national level cyber forensic laboratory Training of Police officers, judges & prosecutors Cybercrime awareness activities Research & Development Swachh Bharat Mission well on track to achieve ODF India: Under the Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen), over 5.4 lakh villages and 585 districts have been declared Open Defecation Free (ODF). 27 States and Union Territories have declared themselves ODF so far. Over 9 crore toilets have been built across rural India so far, taking the national rural sanitation coverage up from 39% in 2014 to over 98% today. This progress has been independently verified by a large scale third-party National Annual Rural Sanitation Survey 2017-18 under the World Bank-supported project across 90,000 households in over 6000 villages, which found the rural toilet usage to be 93.4%. Formulation of a new Labour Code The Ministry has prepared a Labour Code on Industrial Relations, by simplifying, amalgamating and rationalizing the relevant provisions of the following three Labour Laws: - The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, The Trade Unions Act, 1926, The Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946. UGC decides to set up Consortium for Academic and Research Ethics (CARE) to refine and strengthen research publication: The good quality Research Journals in disciplines under Social Sciences, Humanities, Languages, Arts, Culture, Indian Knowledge Systems etc., will be maintained by CARE and referred to as ‘CARE Reference List of Quality Journals’. HRD Minister approves addition of 5000 more seats in Navodaya Vidyalayas from AY 2019-20: This is the biggest-ever expansion of quality education for rural students. This unprecedented expansion of JNVs, nearly free of cost residential schools, will provide more opportunity for talented children from rural areas to get quality education. Navodaya is the only education system in the country where students give entrance examination for admission into Class 6. The Navodaya Vidyalaya system, which began as a unique experiment, is today unparalleled in the annals of school education in India and elsewhere and have become passport out of poverty for thousands of underprivileged children.  In the past five years Navodaya Vidyalaya have consistently recorded a pass percentage of over 97 per cent in Class 10 and Class 12, of which 86% securing first division, which is far better than private schools and CBSE’s national average. The National Health Policy 2017 addresses the current and emerging challenges necessitated by the changing socio-economic, technological and epidemiological landscape. Assurance based approach - The Policy advocates progressively incremental assurance-based approach with focus on preventive and promotive healthcare Health Card linked to health facilities- The Policy recommends linking the health card to primary care facility for a defined package of services anywhere in the country. Patient Centric Approach- The Policy recommends the setting up of a separate, empowered medical tribunal for speedy resolution to address disputes /complaints regarding standards of care, prices of services, negligence and unfair practices, standard regulatory framework for laboratories and imaging centers, specialized emerging services, etc Micronutrient Deficiency- There is a focus on reducing micronutrient malnourishment and systematic approach to address heterogeneity in micronutrient adequacy across regions. Quality of Care- Public hospitals and facilities would undergo periodic measurements and certification of level of quality. Focus on Standard Regulatory Framework to eliminate risks of inappropriate care by maintaining adequate standards of diagnosis and treatment. Make-in-India Initiative- The Policy advocates the need to incentivize local manufacturing to provide customized indigenous products for Indian population in the long run. Application of Digital Health- The Policy advocates extensive deployment of digital tools for improving the efficiency and outcome of the healthcare system and aims at an integrated health information system which serves the needs of all stake-holders and improves efficiency, transparency, and citizen experience. Private sector engagement for strategic purchase for critical gap filling and for achievement of health goals. National Medical Commission Bill 2017 The Bill envisages to: replace the Medical Council 1956 Act. enable a forward movement in the area of medical education reform. move towards outcome-based regulation of medical education rather than process-oriented regulation. ensure proper separation of functions within the regulator by having autonomous boards. create accountable & transparent procedures for maintaining standards in Medical Education. create a forward-looking approach towards ensuring sufficient health workforce in India. Expected benefits of the new legislation: End of heavy-handed regulatory control over medical education institutions and a shift towards outcome-based monitoring. Introduction of a national licentiate examination. This will be the first time such a provision is being introduced in any field of higher education in the country, as was the introduction of NEET and common counseling earlier. Opening up the medical education sector will lead to significant addition in the number of UG and PG seats and substantial new investment in this infrastructure sector. Better coordination with AYUSH systems of treatment. Regulation of up to 40% seats in medical colleges to enable all meritorious students to have access to medical seats irrespective of their financial status. National Nutrition Mission A joint effort of MoHFW and the Ministry of Women and Child development (WCD) towards a life cycle approach for interrupting the intergenerational cycle of under nutrition. The impact of the mission is envisioned to reduce the level of stunting, under-nutrition, anemia and low birth weight babies. It will create synergy, ensure better monitoring, issue alerts for timely action, and encourage States/UTs to perform, guide and supervise the line Ministries and States/UTs to achieve the targeted goals. The mission aims to benefit more than 10 crore people. Major components/features of the Mission: Mapping of various Schemes contributing towards addressing malnutrition Introducing a very robust convergence mechanism ICT-based real time monitoring system Incentivizing States/UTs for meeting the targets Incentivizing Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) for using IT based tools Eliminating registers used by AWWs Introducing measurement of height of children at the Anganwadi Centres (AWCs) Social Audits Setting-up Nutrition Resource Centres, involving masses through Jan Andolan for their participation on nutrition through various activities, among others. Mission Indradhanush: A targeted programme to immunize children who have either not received vaccines or are partially vaccinated. The activity focuses on districts with maximum number of missed children. LABOUR ROOM QUALITY IMPROVEMENT INITIATIVE – LaQshya: MoHFW launched LaQshya to improve the quality of care that is being provided to the pregnant mother in the Labour Room and Maternity Operation Theatres, thereby preventing the undesirable adverse outcomes associated with childbirth. The goal is to reduce preventable maternal and new-born mortality, morbidity and stillbirths associated with the care around delivery in Labour room and Maternity OT and ensure respectful maternity care. RADHAN MANTRI SURAKSHIT MATRITVA ABHIYAN (PMSMA): The program aims to provide assured, comprehensive and quality antenatal care, free of cost, universally to all pregnant women on the 9th of every month. National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) By: Ministry of Commerce & Industry since 2001 To provide the means of evaluation of certification programme for organic agriculture and products (including wild harvest, aquaculture, livestock products) as per the approved criteria. To accredit certification programmes of Certification Bodies seeking accreditation. To facilitate certification of organic products in conformity with the prescribed standards. To facilitate certification of organic products in conformity with the importing countries organic standards as per equivalence agreement between the two countries or as per importing country requirements. To encourage the development of organic farming and organic processing. The newly introduced Agriculture Export Policy provides an assurance that no restrictions will be placed on export of organic products. The Agricultural & Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA), an autonomous organisation under the administrative control of Department of Commerce, has been mandated with the export promotion of organic products. APEDA provides assistance to the exporters of organic products under various components of its export promotion scheme. National Investigation Agency (NIA) has been constituted under the NIA Act, 2008 to investigate and prosecute offences affecting the sovereignty, security and integrity of India, security of State, friendly relations with foreign States and offences under Acts enacted to implement international treaties, agreements, conventions and resolutions of the United Nations, its agencies and other International organisations and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. Person in News: Swami Vivekananda Arise awake and stop not till the goal is reached — Swami Vivekananda (This quote can be used in Ethics/Essay answers dealing with Hope/Corruption/Faith) One ounce of practice is worth twenty thousand tons of big talk (Swami Vivekananda – This quote can be used to conclude almost every essay). “It is impossible to think about the welfare of the world unless the condition of women is improved. It is impossible for a bird to fly on only one wing” – Swami Vivekananda. (On women empowerment) All nations have attained greatness by paying proper respect to women. That country and that nation which do not respect women have never become great, nor will ever be in future – Swami Vivekananda. “All the different religions are but applications of the one religions adapted to suite the requirements of different nations”. – Swami Vivekananda. (on Religion) “If in this hell of a world one can bring a little joy & peace even for a day into the heart of a single person, that much alone is true; this I have learnt after suffering all my life, all else is mere moonshine” – Swami Vivekananda (on serving Humanity)

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz - 2019 : IAS Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 150

UPSC Quiz - 2019 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 150 Archives Q.1) ‘One Family, One Job’ scheme’ was launched by which of the following states? Odisha Jharkhand Sikkim Telangana Q.2) Consider the following pairs:    Region often in news: Country Budapest : Hungary Aleppo: Iraq Mosul : Iran Damascus : Syria Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched? 2, 3 and 4 1 and 4 only 1, 2 and 4 1, 2 and 3 Q.3) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Hungary’ It is a landlocked country River Danube flows through Hungary The grassland biome found in Hungary is known as Puszta Choose the appropriate code 1 and 2 only 1 only 2 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.4) Which of the following statements regarding ‘Intensive Subsistence Farming’ are correct? It is done on large farms A lot of mechanization and machinery is required. It is practiced in developed countries Select the code from below: 1 and 2 2 and 3 All of the above None of the above Q.5) Which of the following countries is/are members of ‘New Agenda Coalition (NAC)’? India Japan Australia Select the correct code: 1 and 2 2 and 3 All of the above None of the above To Download the Solution - Click here All the Best  IASbaba

UPSC Interview Discussion-TRP

Interview Discussion IAS UPSC: Think, Rethink and Perform (TRP)-Day 10

Interview Discussion: Think, Rethink and Perform; (TRP)- Day 10  ARCHIVES Set 1: Ask these questions to yourself; contemplate and come out with a concrete answer (not to be discussed on this forum). Invest at least 30 minutes on this set of questions. Do you regret any of your past actions? What could have been done to avoid that mistake?   What lessons have you derived from that action? Set 2: Analyse the following issue: Recently, two cricketers from the Indian cricket team were called from an international tour for their derogatory comments about women. How do you look this episode? Is it an outcome of the changing culture in the gentlemen’s game that has allowed male chauvinism to creep in? Why don’t young cricketers idolise the likes of Rahul Dravid and Anil Kumble who are true ambassadors of the game? Think about it?

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz - 2019 : IAS Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 149

UPSC Quiz - 2019 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 149 Archives Q.1) Where is ‘Lake Urmia’ located? Russia Ukraine Poland Iran Q.2) ‘Bhavishya’ Portal’ is associated with Pensions MSMEs Education Loans Skill Development Q.3) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Global Solar Council (GSC)’ It was launched at the COP 21 climate change meeting in Paris It is international non-profit association of the national, regional and international associations in solar energy and the world‘s leading corporations Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.4) ‘Mudiyettu’ is a traditional ritual theatre and folk dance drama from Tamil Nadu Odisha Andhra Pradesh Kerala Q.5) Which of the following represents the Rating systems for Green building certification in India? GRIHA - Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment BEE - Bureau of Energy Efficiency CASBEE - Comprehensive Assessment System for Built Environment Efficiency IGBC - Indian Green Building Council Choose the correct option: 1 and 4 only 1, 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 4 only 1, 3 and 4 only To Download the Solution - Click here All the Best  IASbaba

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

Daily Current Affairs IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 11th January 2019

Daily Current Affairs IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 11th January 2019 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) Part of: GS Prelims and Mains II and III – Health issue; Environment and Pollution – Air Pollution; Government policies and programmes In news: Centre launched a programme to reduce particulate matter (PM) pollution by 20-30% in at least 102 cities by 2024. About NCAP National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) is scheme to provide the States and the Centre with a framework to combat air pollution. It is a five-year action plan with a tentative target of 20-30% reduction in concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 by 2024, with 2017 as the base year. It is a ₹300-crore programme. Do you know? As per World Health Organisation’s database on air pollution – In 2018, 14 of the world’s 15 most polluted cities were in India. Tier I and Tier II Indian cities are some of the most polluted places in the world. A study in the journal Lancet ranked India as No.1 on premature mortality and deaths from air pollution. Cabinet approves 3 new AIIMS in J&K, Gujarat Part of: GS Prelims and Mains II –  Health issue; Government policies and programmes In news: Cabinet approved setting up of 3 All India Institutes of Medical Sciences in Jammu and Kashmir and Gujarat. These will be in Samba in Jammu at a cost of ₹1,661 crore, in Pulwama in Kashmir at a cost of ₹1,828 crore, and in Rajkot, Gujarat, at a cost of ₹1,195 crore. The institutes will be set up under the Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana. Important Value Additions: Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY) The Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY) aims at correcting the imbalances in the availability of affordable healthcare facilities in the different parts of the country in general, and augmenting facilities for quality medical education in the under-served States in particular. The scheme was approved in March 2006. The first phase in the PMSSY has two components - setting up of six institutions in the line of AIIMS; and upgradation of 13 existing Government medical college institutions. In the second phase of PMSSY, the Government has approved the setting up of two more AIIMS-like institutions, one each in the States of West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh and upgradation of six medical college institutions. In the third phase of PMSSY, it is proposed to upgrade the existing medical college institutions. Kerala records a rising graph of crimes against children Part of: Mains II – Social/Welfare issue; Children Issue – Crimes against children In news: There has been a steady increase in crimes committed against children in Kerala. Government officials are attributing this to increased reporting of crimes because of better awareness, but social workers contend that crimes against children have indeed increased. Pic: https://d39gegkjaqduz9.cloudfront.net/TH/2019/01/11/DEL/Delhi/TH/5_05/08c54da2_2658666_101_mr.jpg States’ approval not needed for quota Bill Part of: GS Prelims and Mains II – Indian Polity – Constitution and Amendment; Fundamental Rights In news: Constitution 124th Amendment Bill, 2019 dealing with creating a 10% quota for the economically weaker sections (EWS) does not require ratification by Legislative Assemblies. As per the Article 368, an amendment to a fundamental right coming under Part III of the Constitution need not be sent to the States’ Legislative Assemblies for ratification. New clauses to Article 15 and 16 124th CA Bill adds new clauses to Articles 15 and 16 of the Constitution. The new clause (6) to Article 15 allows the government to carve reservation for the economically weaker sections of society in higher educational institutions, including private ones, whether they are aided or not by the State. Minority educational institutions are exempted. Likewise, the new clause (6) to Article 16 provides for quota for economically deprived sections in the initial appointment in government services. Open to judicial review As per the experts, economic reservation law is open for judicial review. The Constitution does not provide for economic reservation. The Indira Sawhney judgment has capped the reservation limit to 50%. Now, the new Bill increases reservation to 60%. In the judgment, the Court had held that economic backwardness cannot be the sole criterion for reservation. Tax, compliance burden eased for small businesses Part of: GS Prelims and Mains III –  Government policies and programmes; Indian Economy and issues related to it. In news: GST Council decided on a series of measures that will ease the tax and compliance burden for small businesses. Henceforth, companies with annual turnover up to ₹40 lakh will stay out of the GST net (₹20 lakh earlier). The annual turnover limit for eligibility for the Composition Scheme has also been raised to ₹1.5 crore from April 1. The increase in limit would allow about 10 lakh traders to be exempt from the GST compliance burden. Kerala disaster cess of 1% The GST Council also decided to allow Kerala to levy a cess of up to 1% for up to two years on intra-State supplies to help finance the disaster relief efforts following the recent floods in the state. Miscellaneous: Assam shutdown against ST status for 6 groups In news: Shutdown has been called in Assam against the Centre’s move to grant Scheduled Tribe status to six “advanced” communities — Chutia, Motok, Moran, Koch-Rajbongshi, Tai-Ahom and Tea Tribes/Adivasis — which are currently categorised as Other Backward Classes. Sahayak Air Droppable Containers In news: Indian Navy has successfully tested containers that can be air-dropped to enhance its operational logistics capability at sea. Sahayak Air Droppable Containers can carry spares for ships up to 2,000 km away from the coast. (Ships need not return to coast to collect spares) These cylindrical containers have been indigenously developed by the Naval Science and Technological Laboratory and the Aeronautical Development Establishment of the Defence Research and Development Organisation. (MAINS FOCUS) SOCIAL/WELFARE ISSUE TOPIC:General studies 2 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections. Social justice and Empowerment of vulnerable sections of the society. Constitution: Fundamental rights 10% quota for the economically weaker sections (EWS): Implications and Alternatives Introduction: In previous editorial or Daily News Analysis (DNA), we read about – Who qualifies for the proposed quota? Article 340 of the Constitution Kaka Saheb Kalelkar Committee B P Mandal Committee What would it take for the quota to become reality? Indira Sawhney case Why current 10% quota for EWS is in violation of equality norm? In today’s article, we will understand – Why instead of addressing inequality, the 10% quota for economically weaker sections creates huge anxieties? Potential implications Alternatives Fast recap: Constitution 124th Amendment Bill, 2019 deals with creating a 10% quota for the economically weaker sections (EWS) Article 340 mandates that the government identify “classes” which were “socially and educationally backward”, and implement measures “to remove such difficulties [so] as to improve their condition”. Article 15 (prohibition of discrimination) and Article 16 (equality of opportunity) needs to be amended. Article 15(4) empowers the State to “make any provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. Article 16(4) provides “for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens, which in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State”. The term “backward class of citizens” has been generally understood to include the SCs, STs, and Socially and Educationally Backward Castes (SEdBCs). Why reservation is needed? Due to deep inequalities prevalent in access to education and jobs based on caste and socio-economic status. In case of reservation for SCs and STs, to undo historical injustice and social exclusion suffered over a period of time Also to correct deprivation forced upon them by centuries of prejudice. Therefore, affirmative action (or positive discrimination) makes a lot of sense. Who qualifies for the proposed quota? The quota is targeted at economically weaker sections among the upper castes. General category individuals, all members of whose family together earn less than Rs 8 lakh per annum, and who have less than five acres of agricultural land, will qualify. Individuals whose families own or possess more agricultural land, or a residential flat of area 1,000 sq ft or larger, or a residential plot of area 100 yards or more in notified municipalities and 200 yards or more in areas other than notified municipalities, will not qualify. Vague criteria – Criteria 1: According to one criteria mentioned in the Bill, those that are currently applied to the definition of the Other Backward Classes (OBC) creamy layer are the ones to be used. We know that, OBC creamy layer has been created to exclude people who are clearly well off, however, the EWS quota, in contrast, is expected to focus on the poor. It is not clear how useful they would be. Criteria 2: Income threshold of ₹8 lakh per annum According to National Sample Survey (NSS) of 2011-12, the annual per capita expenditure for 99% of households falls under this threshold, even when we take inflation into account. Even as per the India Human Development Survey (IHDS), the annual household incomes of 98% of households are less than ₹8 lakh. Criteria 3: Amount of land owned and size of home Even after applying all these criteria for exclusion, the Bill would still cover over 95% of the households. Therefore, who are excluded from the reservation? Almost no one. Implications: While the benefits of the EWS quota are likely to be minimal, the cost may be higher than one anticipates. First implication: It affects every category individuals We know that, the additional reservation will mean upping the reservation quota to 60%. It is important to remember that general category jobs are open to everyone, including Scheduled Caste (SC), Scheduled Tribe (ST) and OBC individuals. Thus, by removing 10% jobs from the “open” category, it reduces the opportunities for currently reserved groups. For instance, consider OBC individuals. OBC reservation is limited to 27% of the seats whereas the OBC population is more than 40% of the population. Now the remaining individuals have to compete with 40% open category instead of 50%. Second implication: Getting caste certificates Actual implementation of the EWS quota could be challenging. Already, a large number of SC/ST/OBC households report difficulties in obtaining these certificates. Now large section of people would require caste certificates. Third implication: Skill demand in specialised fields This is an era where skill demands are rapidly outpacing supply of candidates in specialised fields, therefore, the EWS quota increases the constraints. The way ahead: There is a need for an enhanced and more effective reservation policy so that we can genuinely see an end to the entrenched inequalities in Indian society in the medium term. We need effective solutions that would make reservations redundant in 50 years. On one hand, 50% reservation looks very large; however, in the grand scheme of India’s population it is a blunt and at times ineffective instrument. Ground realities: There has been increase in large number of SCs taking the civil services examination with the perception that it is easier for SCs to be recruited via the reserved quota. However, statistics from the Union Public Service Commission provide a sobering view of ground realities. In 2014, only 0.14% applicants to the UPSC were selected. Moreover, the general category and OBCs have the highest success rate, about 0.17%, and SCs have the lowest, about 0.08%. The % of SC candidates who made it past the preliminary examination is also less compared to other category candidates. One might say that many of these candidates are not qualified for these jobs. This suggests that in spite of the grievances of upper castes, reserved category applicants are not hugely advantaged. (Statistics from other fields may tell a similar story.) Alternatives: Spread the benefits of reservations as widely as possible within the existing framework and ensure that individuals use their reserved category status only once in their lifetime. This would require that anyone using reservations to obtain a benefit such as college admission must register his/her Aadhaar number and she would be ineligible to use reservations for another benefit (e.g. a job) in the future. Focus on basic skills: It is important to recognise that future economic growth in India is going to come from the private sector and entrepreneurship. In order to ensure that all Indians, regardless of caste, class and religion, are able to partake in economic growth, we must focus on basic skills. We need to focus on reducing inequalities where they first emerge, within primary schools. Bring reforms and modifications: Reservation system was developed in a different era that we have not had the time or the inclination to think about its success or to examine possible modifications. The system deserves serious re-evaluation. Connecting the dots: The Reservation system that was put in place during the early years of the Republic deserves serious re-evaluation in an era when technology has paved the way for deploying a better equipped arsenal. Do you agree with this view? Give arguments in favour of your answer. (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Featured Comments and comments Up-voted by IASbaba are the “correct answers”. IASbaba App users – Team IASbaba will provide correct answers in comment section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1) Consider the following statements with regard to National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) It was launched in 2011 to reduce particulate matter (PM) pollution by 20-30%. It is a ₹300-crore programme. It is a programme notified under the Environment Protection Act. Select the correct statements 2 only 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.2) Consider the following statements about Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana: Target beneficiaries are the pregnant women who are in the 2nd and 3rd Trimesters of pregnancy. It allows involvement of private practitioners to volunteer for the campaign. Which of the above statements is/are correct? 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.3) With reference to constitutional amendment bill, which of the statements given below is/are correct? The constitutional amendment bill must be passed in each House by Absolute Majority. In case of joint sitting, for the purpose of deliberation and passage of constitutional amendment bill, the bill must be passed by a simple majority. Choose the appropriate code: 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.4) When a constitutional amendment aims to modify an article related to the federal structure, then consent of only half the States is required with simple majority consent of only half the States is required with special majority consent of only half the States is required with absolute majority None of the above Q.5) Which of the following is incorrectly matched? 100th Amendment act – Land Boundary Agreement 101st Amendment Act – GST 98th Amendment Act – Article 371 J 122nd Amendment Bill – 10% quota for the economically weaker sections (EWS) Q.6) Chutia, Motok, Moran, Koch-Rajbongshi communities were in news recently. They belong to – Arunachal Pradesh Assam West Bengal Tripura MUST READ Let the grassroots breathe The Hindu Pull-out puzzle: on withdrawal of U.S. troops from Syria The Hindu Universal Basic Income: The ‘money for nothing’ idea Indian Express There is no space for an inadvertent confluence of fiscal, regulatory, monetary easing Indian Express  Government must iron out flaws in RTI Act, not manipulate loopholes Indian Express India’s demographic dividend will play out over a longer span Livemint

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

Daily Current Affairs IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 12th January 2019

Daily Current Affairs IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 12th January 2019 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Human Space Flight Centre (HSFC) and Gaganyaan Part of: GS Prelims and Mains III – Science and Technology; Space missions; India’s achievements In news: ISRO to start its work on ‘Gaganyaan’ soon at the newly created Human Space Flight Centre (HSFC) based in Bengaluru. ‘Gaganyaan’ is the project which aims to send a manned mission to space by 2022. Person in news: Unnikrishnan Nair (named ISRO director) Sivan, ISRO Chairman and Secretary, Department of Space, announced the appointment of Unnikrishnan Nair — who led ISRO’s Advanced Space Transportation Programme at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) and has already worked in the area as the director of the Human Space Flight Project — as the director of the new centre. Do you know? The actual flight with crew is targeted to happen by December 2021 — to meet the Prime Minister’s goal of August 2022, India’s 75th Independence anniversary. Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) - is popularly dubbed as ISRO’s trusted workhorse Vote on account Part of: GS Prelims and Mains III – Indian Economy and issues related to it; Union Budget In news: The Budget to be presented by Finance Minister Arun Jaitley on February 1, 2019 is likely to be a vote on account or an interim Budget. An outgoing government presents only an interim Budget or seeks a vote on account. It leaves it to the next government to present the full Budget. Do you know? As per the Constitution, all the revenue received by the Union government and the loans raised by it are parked in the Consolidated Fund of India. The constitution says that no money can be withdrawn by the government from the Consolidated Fund of India except under appropriation made by law. For that an appropriation bill is passed during the Budget process. Since, the appropriation bill may take time to pass through the Parliament and become a law, the government would need permission to spend even a single penny from April 1 when the new financial year starts. Vote on account is the permission to withdraw money from the Consolidated Fund of India in that period, usually two months. About Vote on Account Vote on account is the interim permission of the parliament to the government to spend money. It is just an interim permission to spend money as against a full Budget which is an elaborate financial statement of expenditure and receipts including changes in taxes and government policies. In the election year when the elections are scheduled a few months into the new financial year, the government prefers to seek a vote on account instead of presenting a full Budget because if the government changes after elections it is not fair to deny it the right to design its own Budget for the remaining part of the year. Though vote-on-account is a temporary measure, it does need the approval of Parliament and it is usually passed without much discussion. The vote on account typically does not seek funds for major projects or new initiatives. This usually awaits the presentation of the full Budget. One of the key features of a vote on account is that it usually does not contain any direct tax proposals that would impact people, as that requires amendments to the Finance Bill. (Therefore, any decrease/increase or exemption/inclusion related to income tax will be on hold if there’s a vote on account.) Final Crux: Vote on Account is a temporary measure which occurs in the run-up to every general election. The Parliament approves the outgoing government’s budget and gives it spending rights till the end of the financial year By approving the interim budget, the Parliament passes a vote on account to help the government meet administration expenses till the next full budget Miscellaneous: Renuka dam In news: Centre signs pact with 5 States on Renuka dam (Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh) To restart construction of the Renuka multipurpose dam project in the Upper Yamuna Basin. The Renuka dam project has been conceived as a storage project on the Giri river (a tributary of the Yamuna) in Sirmaur district of Himachal Pradesh. Chardham The four towns of Uttarakhand - Yamnotri, Gangotri, Kedarnath and Badrinath - are considered as Chardham. Why in news? Government had proposed to provide all-weather connectivity to the four holy towns of Uttarakhand. However, SC had issued a stay order for Chardham projects till the environment clearance is taken by the authorities. (MAINS FOCUS) NATIONAL/HEALTH TOPIC:General studies 2 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.  Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, etc.  Health and Social Security Pradhan Mantri Jan Aarogya Yojana (PMJAY) About: Pradhan Mantri Jan Aarogya Yojana (PMJAY) or Ayushman Bharat The scheme aims to provide cashless treatment to beneficiaries identified through the Central Socio-Economic Caste Census. The scheme covers 1,350 medical conditions ranging from caesarean section to coronary stenting and joint replacement. It is a government-sponsored health insurance scheme. It will provide free treatment for up to Rs.5 lakh a family a year in any government or empanelled private hospitals all over India. Do you know? PMJAY has completed 100 days. The project is billed as the world’s largest state-funded health scheme. The medical journal, Lancet, has praised the prime minister for prioritising universal healthcare through the PMJAY. Key facts and concerns: India ranks as low as 145th among 195 countries in healthcare quality and accessibility, behind even Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. The country spends only 1.3 per cent of its GDP on health, way less than the global average of 6 per cent. Over 70 per cent of the total healthcare expenditure is accounted for by the private sector. (Poor public healthcare infrastructure) Health care bills are the single biggest cause of debt in India, with 39 million people being forced into poverty every year. (High out-of-pocket expenditure) Poor doctor to patient ratio: WHO recommends one doctor for a population of 1,000. (1:1000); India’s doctor to patient ratio (1:11000). India falls woefully short of number of hospital beds compared to WHO standards. Analysis: Is PMJAY successful? On paper, the scheme looks good but the ground reality is different. PMJAY can succeed only if the government increases its share of expenditure dramatically. Also without improving the doctor to patient ratio and increasing the number of hospital beds the treatment under the scheme cannot be done. We read from yesterday article that government proposes to augment its share of hospitals by upgrading existing facilities and setting up of more institutions in the line of AIIMS. (Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana) Through PMSSY, government aims at correcting the imbalances in the availability of affordable healthcare facilities in the different parts of the country in general, and augmenting facilities for quality medical education in the under-served States in particular. Crux - PMJAY is one step towards Universal Health coverage. It is critical for reducing the disease burden of the country. India spends just 1.4% of GDP on healthcare which is less than even some developing countries. It should increase the funding and involve the private sector effectively. Other drawbacks: The government has kept aside only Rs 3,000 crore for the PMJAY this year against the expected outflow of Rs 11,000 crore. It is difficult to expect adequate delivery of healthcare under PMJAY. Experts and Critics argue that PMJAY might fail too similar to the failure of previous government-run health insurance schemes like Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojna. The intended beneficiaries of PMJAY are masons, contract workers and farm workers who cannot afford to take off much time for treatment at government or private PMJAY-recognised hospitals. OPD treatment is not covered under the scheme. Another issue is difficulty in locating beneficiaries. Secondary-level hospitals like district hospitals and medical colleges have poor infrastructure, inadequate equipment and lack specialist manpower. There is also a gross shortage of tertiary care hospitals in the public sector with PGI, AIIMS, SGPGI and NIMHANS being among the few that can be relied upon. These public hospitals are functioning beyond their capacity with waiting lists of one or two years for elective surgeries. Realising the inadequacies of the public sector, PMJAY has relied heavily on the private sector. Under the PMJAY, the private hospitals have to get registered and fulfill the minimum requirements. They are also expected to expand their facilities and add hospital beds. Concerns with private sector Most consumers complain of rising costs, lack of transparency and unethical practices in the private sector. Private hospitals don’t have adequate presence in Tier-2 and Tier-3 cities and there is a trend towards super specialisation in Tier-1 cities. Conclusion: PMJAY has created an excellent opportunity for the country to improve its health care. While the contribution of the private sector will be the key to its success, it’s the will and zeal of the government to implement it that will make or break the scheme. Today, nearly 80% of the healthcare in India is provided by the private healthcare system and to meet the burgeoning healthcare needs of Indian population through value-based medicine, the country needs a synchronised effort by both the private and public sectors. Connecting the dots: Critically analyse why the contribution of the private sector will be the key to success of Pradhan Mantri Jan Aarogya Yojana (PMJAY) or Ayushman Bharat? Can Ayushman Bharat prove to be a game changer? Discuss. WELFARE ISSUE/ECONOMY TOPIC:General studies 2 and 3 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.  Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, etc.  Social security and Welfare schemes Economic Development – Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment; Inclusive growth and Challenges of inequality. Universal Basic Income Introduction: According to the Economic Survey, The idea of Universal Basic Income is “conceptually appealing”, a “radical new vision,” and the “shortest path to eliminating poverty.” A UPI has three key characteristics: every citizen receives cash payments, these payments are unconditional, and each individual is free to spend these funds as they wish. UBI has also been hailed by both left-leaning thinkers as well as those on the right. John Kenneth Galbraith (Leftist) says UBI can foster social justice and equal opportunity. Milton Friedman (Right) says UBI restores individual choice and freedom and reigning in the influence of the state. Key pointers: India has made considerable progress in bringing down poverty from about 70% of the population at the time of independence to about 22% in 2011-12 (Tendulkar Committee estimates). More can be achieved if targeted schemes run by central and state governments are effective. (Issues – Data manipulation, leakages, poor and vulnerable are left out, while rich reaping undeserved benefits, middlemen, corruption etc.) Therefore, ‘targeting’ seems both inefficient and inequitable. Positives of UBI UBI envisages an uncompromised social safety net. It seeks to assure a dignified life for everyone. In a global economy buffeted by uncertainties on account of globalisation, technological change, and automation, UBI is expected to play a key role. How UBI works? A basic income is a regular, periodic cash payment delivered unconditionally to all citizens on an individual basis, without requirement of work or willingness to work. The five broad features of such schemes are: payments at periodic regular intervals (not one-off grants), payments in cash (not food vouchers or service coupons), payments to individuals, universality, and Typically, UBI would require subsumption of other subsidies and allowances in order to free up resources so that a particular amount can be directed to people on a periodic basis. The differences among the several models being tried out across geographies relate mainly to the scale of the project, quantum of income, source of funding, and cuts in other transfers. UBI policies in other countries: Finland recently concluded a two-year experiment on its effects on unemployed citizens, which commenced in January 2017. Government of Ontario, Canada, had announced a plan to test a kind of unconditional income guarantee, and enrolled participants in three areas of the province for a guaranteed income for up to three years. Some cities in the Netherlands have launched municipal-level trials. Barcelona in Spain has tested several potential changes to its anti-poverty programmes, including unconditional cash payments. There are some non-governmental attempts to launch privately-funded basic income experiments on a large scale. In news: Sikkim is set to become the first state in India to roll out Universal Basic Income (UBI). It aims to implement the scheme by 2022 and has already started the process to introduce the unconditional direct cash transfers. Sikkim appears to be the ideal testing ground for UBI. Reasons: It is a surplus power generating state, which exports nearly 90% of the 2,200 MW that its hydel projects produce — ensuring a steady revenue stream that other states typically lack. It has a literacy rate of 98% and a BPL population way below the national average. Sikkim has indicated that it will do away with most subsidies before launching its UBI scheme. (Though subsuming about 950 central sector and centrally sponsored sub-schemes in the country is a difficult task) Do you know? About 950 central sector and centrally sponsored sub-schemes accounts for about 5% of GDP by Budget allocation. The top 11 schemes accounts for about 50% of the budgetary allocation — the food subsidy or Public Distribution System (PDS) is the largest programme, followed by the urea subsidy and the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS). The criticisms None of the places where UBI has been tried have levels of income disparity that exist in India. So, while the idea might work in Sikkim, it might not in, say, Bihar. According to some Economists, dismantling centrally sponsored and central sector schemes such as Mid-Day Meal, Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana, National Health Mission, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, MGNREGS, and PDS could be counterproductive. World Bank had suggested for reading the policy of basic income “through the lens of ‘progressive universalism’”. The reason for maintaining conditional social assistance was to “prioritize those at the bottom of the [income] distribution”. However, UBI is contrary to it. It becomes very important to pinpoint those “who are the most vulnerable, where they live, and how vulnerable they are” if the program has to succeed. Connecting the dots: Serious consideration must be given to the idea of a universal basic income as a more effective way of achieving Mahatma Gandhi’s objectives of “wiping every tear from every eye.” Comment. Do you think replacing the existing public distribution system and other benefits for the BPL families with a Universal Basic Income (UBI) will be a fiscally prudent decision? Critically analyse. The idea of a Universal Basic Income is gaining traction across the world. Do you think India is prepared to adopt this scheme? Critically evaluate. Discuss the merits and challenges associated with ‘Universal Basic Income’. (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Featured Comments and comments Up-voted by IASbaba are the “correct answers”. IASbaba App users – Team IASbaba will provide correct answers in comment section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1) What term is used for the estimate of advance payment to the government to carry on its work till the passing of the appropriation bill? Vote on Credit Finance Bill Vote on Account Supplementary budget Q.2) After the general discussion of Budget, a Vote on Account is passed. What is the purpose of ‘Vote on Account’? For the government to function, two months advance grant is passed before passing the budget. To get consent of opposition for passing of Budget To discuss the total expenditure of the government in previous year To get the money passed from the contingency fund Q.3) The budget consists of two types of expenditure—the expenditure ‘charged’ upon the Consolidated Fund of India and the expenditure ‘made’ from the Consolidated Fund of India. Consider the following statements regarding the expenditure ‘charged’ upon Consolidated Fund of India: It is non-votable by the parliament and it can only be discussed. Emoluments and allowances of the President and other expenditure relating to his office are charged upon Consolidated Fund of India. Which of the above statements is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 MUST READ Disquieting decision: on CBI tussle The Hindu  No freedom without equality at Sabarimala The Hindu Meghalaya’s rat hole traps The Hindu  10% for EWS is a good initiative for poor — and the best policy for Muslims Indian Express  Spot the disadvantaged Indian Express

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Creative Guidance – Getting what you want – Inspirational Educative Articles

Getting what you want: Life is your experience. Here, you are the traveler, you are the journey and you are the destination. External situations and circumstances are usually nothing more than unnecessary distractions. Learning how to bring out your inner reality to change the color and nature of the world is what individuality is all about. There are two very powerful forces that are shaping your reality; one is your internal force of individuality and the other is the external force of the world. Life is a constant balancing act between these two forces. At any moment it is either you or the world that is winning. These two forces and how you control them determine your level of success in the world. Knowing as much about yourself will help you to strengthen your individuality. The force of individuality becomes stronger as you get to know yourself better. It is next to impossible to develop a strong personality without knowing how you function on the inside. To be able to pursue a big dream and get what you want, you have to strengthen your force of individuality. You should learn to look at the world through your eyes. You should develop a strong sense of individual understanding of life and everything that is happening in it. This is where you can get truly differentiated from the crowd. While most people succumb to the external forces of life, a few individuals remain firm and rooted in the experience of their self, to change external circumstances and re-create their lives. The power to alter our environment is within us. Knowing how to access this internal power is the key to any kind of success in this world. You can find a lot of useful information by learning what is happening on the outside, but the most useful information you will ever find is information about how you function on the inside. The way you think, dream, desire and act is more important than how people around you perceive your life. Dive deep into your inner self and find that strength that can help you to face the external forces of life. Every second and every moment act out of your internal strength. Every time you think that you are losing focus or something external is distracting you, come back to your internal self. Re-look at your situations from your inner perspective and change them. It is very easy to be overwhelmed by what is happening around you. Knowing your strengths and weaknesses fully and learning how to function within these limitations is the key to getting what you want. If you want something you can get it. In fact it is impossible not to get what you want. The only question you need to ask yourself is how badly you want what you are seeking. If you want something bad enough, you can find the necessary inner strength to get to it. “This article is a part of the creative endeavor of Inner Revolution and IASBABA.”

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Creative Guidance: Book Review – Walden – Henry David Thoreau

Walden - Henry David Thoreau Once in a while come such rare individuals as Henry David Thoreau, who forever change the way human beings ought to think and live. Unique and precious is the experience of Thoreau in opening our eyes to the sheer beauty and magnanimity of life and nature all around us. Walden is undoubtedly the most adventurous and courageous story of a man who chose to step away from the noise and clutter of the society to find peace and tranquility amidst of serene and beautiful nature. It is said that the best of man’s life happens while he is alone in quite self-reflection. This book is one of the best expressions of a man’s inner silence. Thoreau talks about some of the most complex human problems, offering nature and its simple and beautiful ways as solutions. Here is man who is so drenched in the beauty of nature that he can see all that we are missing in our lives. Even after so many years of its publication, Walden still remains a relevant and enticing read. You have to read this book to see nature through the eyes of Thoreau. In a highly mechanistic world we live in, Thoreau’s emotional connection and understanding of nature is priceless. Science has given us a lot of concepts and ideas about nature but at the same time it has taken away its personal connect to us. This book will make you look at nature and life around you in a completely different way.

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