Jan 7, 2019 RSTV Video

RSTV IAS UPSC – Transforming Indian Cities

Transforming Indian Cities Archives General Studies 1: Urbanization, their problems and their remedies General Studies 2 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation In News: Indian cities will make up most of the fastest-growing cities in the world between 2019 and 2035, considering the year-on-year Gross Domestic Product growth. According to a Bloomberg report– Over 17 of the 20 top cities on the list will be Indian. Indian cities including Bengaluru, Hyderabad, and Chennai will be among the strongest performers across the globe. India will dominate the top 10 cities in terms of economic growth over the span of 20 years. Surat, a commercial centre for textiles in Gujarat, will witness the fastest GDP growth by an average exceeding 9%. While economic output in many of those Indian cities will remain rather small in comparison to the world’s biggest metropolises, aggregated gross domestic product of all Asian cities will exceed that of all North American and European urban centres combined in 2027. By 2035, it will be 17 percent higher, with the largest contribution coming from Chinese cities. Little will change at the top of the list of the world’s biggest cities between now and 2035. What is Urbanisation? The Census of India, 2011 defines urban settlement as, all the places which have municipality, corporation and cantonment board or notified town area committee. Additionally, all the other places which satisfy following criteria: A minimum population of 5000 persons ; At least 75 % of male main working population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits ; and A density of population of at least 400 persons per square kilometre Urbanisation: A transformative force By 2030, 600 million Indians, or 40 per cent of the country’s population, would be residing in urban areas. If this urbanisation is to happen in a planned manner, we will need to build 700 to 900 million square meters of properly designed residential and commercial space in urban areas every year from now to 2030. It is imperative that the country moves from being a “reluctant urbaniser” to one that embraces urbanisation as a transformative force that can deliver an improved quality of life for all its citizens. Missions at the forefront of the urban transformation Swachh Bharat Abhiyan or Clean India Mission, the objective of which is 100 per cent open-defecation-free India and 100 per cent solid waste management; to be achieved through a multi-level, multi-stakeholder model, where the Union government works in close partnership with state governments as well as civil society and the private sector. While a key objective of the Mission is to build adequate sanitation infrastructure, at its core it is about a behavioural change in the mindset of the average Indian. The PM Awas Yojana (PMAY) or Housing for All attempts to fulfill a dream common to all Indian citizens: Owning a house of their own. Significantly, the ownership title will be solely or jointly in the name of the woman of the house, a step that has already provided a great fillip to gender empowerment. Two key factors prevented Indians from this basic need: Callous urban management led to the creation of slums that were at the mercy of vote-bank politics; and a corrupt builder-politician nexus cheated home-buyers of their money. Those who move to urban centres in search of livelihoods, access to services and a better quality of life, often end up in poorly constructed slum dwellings due to lack of funds and distorted real estate prices. Under the PMAY, the government is committed to building affordable homes for this entire section of society, allowing them to live a life of dignity. By categorising housing as “infrastructure”, lowering rates under GST and providing credit-linked subsidies, the government has mobilised the real estate industry to supply housing for low-income and economically weaker sections. The process of in-situ development of slums allows the residents to retain their links with jobs, schools and medical facilities and protects them from the displacement caused by eviction. The Smart Cities Mission brings a fundamentally different outlook to urban planning, management and finance. Over the past 70 years, the absence of citizen participation coupled with the absence of vision and the lack of spatial, physical and economic planning, was largely responsible for the confounding mess that has defined Indian cities. The Smart Cities Mission looks to address the trust deficit between citizens and their municipal bodies, by ensuring proper delivery of infrastructure and services. It is participatory in nature and citizens define the choices and decisions made by the city. The Mission establishes an integrated approach where all departments of a city’s administration work together to offer holistic solutions by using information and communication technology, by bundling projects that can be executed together in the same area and making best use of the funds available from different sources, public and private. For the AMRUT scheme, which aims to provide urban infrastructure for universal coverage of piped drinking water, sewerage, and green spaces, the Centre has allocated Rs 50,000 crore over a five-year period from 2015-16 to 2019-20. Reforms proposed include development of e-governance at the urban local body (ULB) level, constitution and professionalization of municipal cadres, urban and city-level planning, review of building by-laws, municipal tax and fee improvements, collection of user charges, credit ratings of ULBs, and audits for utility services such as electricity and water. India’s cities need to address five systemic challenges in order to deliver better quality of life to citizens in a sustainable manner – Lack of viable spatial planning and design standards for public utilities – India has 1 urban planner per 400,000 people compared to UK’s 148 for the same Weak finances, both in terms of financial sustainability and accountability – more than half of the municipalities do not generate enough money to pay their salaries, 70% of the cities’ budget vary by 30% Poor human resource management – 35% average staff vacancy Powerless mayors and city councils, severe fragmentation of governance – multiple civic bodies, parastatals – multiple civic bodies with frequent change of toothless mayors, commissioners. Local government has the least amount of capability, quality of delivery and poor processes that are being followed. Most of the laws and policies that they are following are archaic. Total absence of systematic citizen participation and transparency – Only two cities have ward committees The Way Ahead Cities and their Foundation: There is a need to focus on building stronger foundations – not just focus on outcomes but also policies. Policies are very important and nobody talks about it. There is an urgent need of giving the highest importance to ‘urban designing’ and not just planning. Cities need to be seen as a unit of empowerment at the systems level. Cities and Reforms: Reforms in the big cities have been painfully slow also due to political instability. Smaller cities under AMRUT are witnessing better transparency, accountability and participation. Finances need to not just be generated but also be managed and accounted for. City people and City government: Government needs to meaningfully engage with the citizens. They need to update the citizens and push the envelope on the issue of discussions being done at the systemic level. City and local body of governance: There is a need to strengthen local body’s capability and capacity to deliver. A discussion on autonomy and devolution of power is long pending. Mayors need to be empowered with decision, and be trusted for the same. Absence of participatory citizen platforms: Citizens need to be involved and sensitized. More awareness programs in public places, schools and colleges need to be conducted. India cannot achieve double-digit growth and cannot become the world’s third-largest economy worth an estimated $10 trillion by 2030, if it’s long overdue urbanisation is further delayed. Indian cities must become safe, resilient and sustainable hubs of vibrant economic activity, enabled and regulated by appropriate planning and governance. The measure of our success will be the achievement of the sustainable development goals by 2030 and the delivery of a New India, where every citizen enjoys the “Ease of Living” that they truly deserve after 70 years of Independence. Connecting the Dots Bring out the significance of sustainable urban planning for Indian cities. What have we missed out in its absence? Discuss.    Urbanisation in India is taking place at a much faster pace. All of it being done without paying heed to ecological principles. This is a cause of concern. Discuss why. Also analyze what needs to be done so as to make our cities climate change proof.

Jan 7, 2019 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz - 2019 : IAS Daily Current Affairs Quiz [Day 145]

UPSC Quiz - 2019 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz [Day 145] Archives Q.1) The recently constituted ‘UK Sinha Committee’ is associated with MSMEs Primary Education Non-Performing Assets Digital Payments Q.2) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Menstrual Hygiene Scheme’ It encompasses provision of funds to ASHAs to hold monthly meeting with adolescents to discuss issues related to menstrual hygiene Under the scheme, funds are provided to States/UTs through National Health Mission for decentralized procurement of sanitary napkins packs Select the correct code: 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.3) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary’ It is a protected area in the Upper Gangetic plain in Uttar Pradesh It is part of the Dudhwa Tiger Reserve Select the correct code: 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.4) ‘Lkhon Khol’ is associated with Arunachal Pradesh Mizoram Nagaland None of the above Q.5) Consider the following statements about contingent convertible capital instruments (CoCos) They are also known as Additional Tier 1 bonds They are hybrid bonds that combine debt and equity elements Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 To Download the Solution - Click here All the Best  IASbaba

Jan 6, 2019 Motivational Articles

Creative Guidance – Art of Detachment – Inspirational Educative Articles

Art of Detachment: First, let’s understand what attachment is. Attachment begins with a desire of the mind; the root of all attachments is a desire. When the object of that desire begins to manifest, either in the form of a relationship or in the form of a fulfilled desire, then the mind subconsciously attaches itself to that object. The mind attaches itself to that object because it is deriving pleasure out of it and it does not want to let go, so the mind starts to create a bond between itself and the object of pleasure. Since attachment is so fundamental to the way we live, it is impossible to exist without being attached to something. In other words, attachment is necessary to the very process of living. It is like the web the spider weaves. Although the web is sticky, it serves a certain purpose for the spider. The spider knows the nature of the web, and it knows how to navigate through it. Our problem comes because we are not consciously aware of the process of attachment; therefore, we do not know how to navigate through its sticky nature. We just keep weaving our web and eventually get ourselves entangled in it. On the other hand, a spider knows how to navigate in her web, since her web was a conscious process. The way to navigate through the world of our attachments is to bring in the non-stickiness of mindfulness. Mindfulness is the only non-sticky nature of our mind. When we are conscious of what we are doing, when each and every action of ours is filled with this awareness, we will not become entangled in our attachments. There is a saying that everything idiotic in our life comes as a process of getting attached to some idea. The word “idiot” comes from the root word “idea,” and just means someone who completely subscribed to one idea of life and attached themselves to it. To understand this more deeply, we must see that attachment itself is idiotic. None of our attachments will last forever. They only serve a certain purpose in our lives; they come and go. The moment we become attached to something, it becomes a root for our pain and suffering. In fact, there is not much other pain besides detaching from something that we are attached to. All pain is just a variation of detachment. When detachment is sudden, like a breakup or a separation from a place where you have lived for a very long time, it causes deep pain and misery. However, if detachment is practiced as an art on a daily basis, as a conscious process, then detachment itself can be very illuminating. Not only will the practice of detachment separate us from unnecessary fears, worries, and disappointments, but the practice of detachment will also lead us to a sense of individuality. Detachment allows an individual to see the separateness from everything else around them and become complete within themselves, no longer dependent on their objects of attachment. Through the practice of detachment, you become the very source of your attachment, and you become a complete individual in that process. The best way to become detached is simply to observe the process of attachment. First, acknowledge and accept that we are attached to something and that attachment is the cause of our pain and suffering. Buddha said, “Desire is the root cause of all suffering.” The reason he said that is because we are tormented by nothing else apart from our desires, and we have no control over our desires. We have absolutely no say in which direction our desires are pushing or pulling us. A mind that is continuously tormented by desires can never find peace or happiness. “This article is a part of the creative endeavor of Inner Revolution and IASBABA.”

Jan 5, 2019 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

Daily Current Affairs [IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam] – 5th January 2019

Daily Current Affairs [IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam] – 5th January 2019 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Open defecation continues Part of: GS Prelims and Mains II – Government schemes and policies; Health issue In news: Research and study on the impact of the Swachh Bharat Mission shows that – Toilet ownership has increased, however, percentage of people who owned toilets but continued to defecate in the open has remained unchanged between 2014 and 2018. Almost 60% of households covered by the survey which did not have a toilet in 2014 had one by 2018. Mission has been more successful at toilet construction than at driving behaviour change. Approximately 44% of people over two years old in rural Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh still defecate in the open. Do you know? According to the Mission, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan are already open defecation free or ODF states. Bihar has achieved 98.97% coverage of toilets for every household, while Uttar Pradesh has achieved 100%, according to government data, although the state has yet to be declared ODF. Crux – Open defecation levels are still above 40% in ODF States; Swachh Bharat has not brought behavioural change. Pic: https://d39gegkjaqduz9.cloudfront.net/TH/2019/01/05/DEL/Delhi/TH/5_05/0311d6b1_2644582_101_mr.jpg Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban and ODF++ certification Part of: GS Prelims and Mains II – Government schemes and policies; Health issue In news: According to the Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban: Seven cities – all in Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh – have been certified ODF++ The certification, an extension of the ODF or Open Defecation Free protocol, means that all the faecal sludge and sewage in these cities is treated scientifically before discharge. Do you know? These are the first cities to qualify under the government’s new extended protocol to sustain gains made under the basic ODF protocol. Under new norms, cities and towns wanting to be declared ODF+ (Open Defecation Free Plus) must also be free of public urination and not just open defecation. The ODF+ and ODF++ protocols (released recently by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs) are the next step for the SBM-U and aim to ensure sustainability in sanitation outcomes. The Urban Affairs Ministry is setting up a sub-mission on faecal sludge management under its AMRUT scheme for 500 cities and towns. Difference between ODF protocol, ODF+ and ODF++ Original ODF protocol issued in March 2016, said – “A city/ward is notified as ODF city/ward if, at any point of the day, not a single person is found defecating in the open.” The new ODF+ protocol, issued last week, says that a city, ward or work circle could be declared ODF+ if, “at any point of the day, not a single person is found defecating and/or urinating in the open, and all community and public toilets are functional and well-maintained.” The ODF++ protocol adds the condition that “faecal sludge/septage and sewage is safely managed and treated, with no discharging and/or dumping of untreated faecal sludge/septage and sewage in drains, water bodies or open areas.” Survey of childcare institutions Part of: GS Prelims and Mains II – Government schemes and policies; Child issue In news: Research and survey of 9,589 shelters across nation found that – Most children at childcare institutions are not orphans, but belong to family structures that are unable to look after them. More than a lakh inmates are from single parent homes (unwed mothers, abandoned wives, widows and in some cases single fathers). In other words, children of single parents constituted a third of the total number of total children in homes. Miscellaneous Wi-Fi facility at 2,000 rail stations soon Part of: GS Prelims and Mains II and III – Government schemes and policies; Infrastructure In news: Railway Minister has instructed officials - to provide Wi-Fi facilities at a minimum of 2,000 stations as soon as possible. to set up a single helpline number for all non-security railway complaints. to distribute point of sale (PoS) machines in all trains to each catering staffer to address complaints related to overcharging by the caterer (to ensure transparency in catering services) replace conventional coaches with modern LHB (Linke Hofmann Busch) design coaches in all long distance trains A.P. recently unveiled second largest petroglyph site   Part of: GS Prelims and Mains I – Indian Art and Heritage; Culture In news: Petroglyphs are images created by removing part of a rock surface by incising, picking, carving, or abrading, as a form of rock art. A.P. recently unveiled second largest petroglyph site at Mekala Benchi, in Kurnool district. These petroglyphs, or rock carvings, underscore Kurnool’s importance as a major site of Neolithic settlements in south India. The term Neolithic Period refers to the last stage of the Stone Age. China Chang’e-4 lunar probe and ‘Yutu 2’ China has named the lunar rover, which was deployed recently to carry out a string of experiments on the unexplored far side of the moon, as ‘Yutu 2’. What is a marketplace and inventory based model of e-commerce? Marketplace based model of e-commerce means providing an information technology platform by an e-commerce entity on a digital & electronic network to act as a facilitator between the buyer and seller. Inventory based model of e-commerce means an ecommerce activity where inventory of goods and services is owned by e-commerce entity and is sold to the consumers directly. (MAINS FOCUS) INTERNATIONAL TOPIC:General studies 2 Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests India’s role in Afghanistan after the inevitable exit of US India must be prepared for the potential consequences of withdrawal of American troops from Afghanistan. Recently, U.S. President Donald Trump suggested that regional players like Russia, India and Pakistan should be more involved in stabilising the situation, and mocked India for not doing enough.   As a result, the U.S. war in Afghanistan, that began as revenge for the 9/11 attacks, evolved into a mission for ensuring democracy and prosperity in Afghanistan. Challenges: Resurgence of the Taliban: The Taliban has re-emerged as a formidable fighting force and are going from strength to strength.   As Mr. Trump now moves to cutting American presence to a few well-guarded military bases, India must consider the consequences closely. Do you know? Casualties of Afghan National and Defence Security Forces in May-September 2018 were the “greatest it has ever been” compared to corresponding periods since 2001, and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan “documented more civilian deaths in the first nine months of 2018 than they had during the same nine-month reporting period since 2014”. Shift in policy It is also time to recognise that the U.S.’s South Asia Strategy for Afghanistan (announced by Mr. Trump in August 2017) has been discarded. Mr. Trump had defined the strategy with three features: that U.S. troops would remain involved in the country until “conditions” mandated their return; that the U.S. would put Pakistan on notice for its support to the Taliban and a political settlement with the Taliban would only follow “after an effective military effort”; and that the policy would hinge on further developing the strategic partnership with India However, today, we can easily see that each element of the U.S.’s policy on the ground has shifted, if not been entirely reversed. The appointment of special envoy Zalmay Khalilzad in September to lead talks with the Taliban shows that the U.S. is no longer waiting for military operations to take effect. Mr. Trump wrote a letter to Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan thanking him for his efforts. Mr. Khalilzad’s direct talks with the Taliban didn’t even have President Ashraf Ghani in the loop and  the National Unity government (NUG) in Kabul was cut out. This reversed the previous U.S. position not to engage the Taliban until it engages the NUG. Exit of Defence Secretary James Mattis is one more concern. Mr. Mattis had pushed most strenuously to keep India in the Afghan game by swinging a waiver for India on Chabahar and Iran oil purchases. It remains to be seen whether Mr. Trump will continue those waivers past May this year. Conclusion: The internal situation in Afghanistan is aggravated now by the uncertainty of the democratic process. Doubts have been casted against Government’s inability to conduct Parliamentary elections. Presidential elections have been postponed. For India, these developments may appear discouraging. The removal or reduction of the U.S. presence from most theatres of action has created space for regional players: leaving Syria to Iran and its allies; Yemen to Saudi Arabia; Afghanistan to players like Russia, Pakistan and Iran; and Pakistan to China. India’s best course with Afghanistan remains its own regional strategy, not becoming a part of any other country’s strategy. Close bilateral consultations has earned India immense popularity and goodwill.   Connecting the dots: New challenges confront India and Afghanistan in their bilateral relationship which requires India to tread cautiously. Examine. A stable Afghanistan is key to India’s policy towards Central Asian countries. Comment. Also examine the associated challenges. NATIONAL/POLITY TOPIC:General studies 2 Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies. Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. NITI Aayog’s proposal for All India Judicial Service Introduction The vision document titled ‘Strategy for New India @ 75’, released by the NITI Aayog proposes a spate of judicial reforms. The think-tank recommends for the creation of an All India Judicial Service, akin to the other central services like the IAS and the IPS. It believes that All-India Judicial Services (AIJS) will help promote federal governance. Do you know? The idea of an All India Judicial Service (AIJS) has been deliberated since Independence. In fact, the first law commission — 14th Report on Reform of Judicial Administration — also suggested for the need for creating a separate all-India service for judicial officers. Subsequently, a crucial step towards formalising the process for setting up an AIJS was taken under the infamous 42nd Constitutional Amendment during the Emergency in 1976. The Constitution of India was amended in 1977 to provide for an All-India Judicial Services under Article 312. The Chief Justices conferences in 1961, 1963, and 1965 favoured creation of All-India Judicial Services and even the Law Commissions (1st, 8th and 11th, 116th) had suggested the creation of the service. However, each time it was faced with opposition. Arguments in favour of All-India Judicial Services Efficiency and efficacy of judiciary would be increased. Transparent and efficient method of recruitment would be followed. The pendency and issue of delay of cases would be done away with. Corruption, nepotism etc would be strongly dealt with. Best legal talent across the country would be selected on the basis of merit. Public faith in the judiciary would be restored. The Supreme Court is not averse to the idea of AIJS as in its 2 judgments of 1991 and1993 it supported the idea of AIJS. Arguments against All-India Judicial Services There will be an issue of local laws differences. Local languages and dialects would be a problem. Nine High courts are against this proposal and hence disapproving this proposal. The conflict between Centre and State would start. The status of legal education in India is very much mismanaged. Except for a few national law schools, others do not prioritize the legal education too much. Law is taken as the last report who do not get into medicine, IITs etc. Unremunerative pay is a big issue. Despite an effort by the Supreme Court to ensure uniformity in pay scales across States in the All India Judges’ Association case, it is still very low. Also, the judiciary has fewer avenues for growth, promotion and limited avenues for career advancement. There is low district judge representation in the High Courts, as less than a third of seats in the High Courts are filled by judges from the district cadre. The rest are appointed directly from the Bar. It will be difficult for the less privileged background to enter the profession. Again coaching institutes etc would flourish and education would be commercialized. Currently, the judges of subordinate courts are appointed by the governor in consultation with the High Court which will not be so if AIJS is implemented. Hence it will be against the Independence of Judiciary as some other body will have a control in appointment and integration because in the judiciary, higher level controls and evaluates lower level. Both the decentralized approach of each High Court conducting its own appointment and a centralized one seem to have roughly the same efficacy in filling up the vacancy. Connecting the dots: Analyze the merits and demerits of creation of an All India Judicial Services in India. (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Featured Comments and comments Up-voted by IASbaba are the “correct answers”. IASbaba App users – Team IASbaba will provide correct answers in comment section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1) Which of the following are not part of Open Defecation Free (ODF) States of India, according to Swachh Bharat Mission? Bihar Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh Madhya Pradesh Uttarakhand Select the correct code 1, 2 and 3 2, 3 and 5 1 and 3 Only 1 Q.2) Which among the following protocol deals with the condition that “faecal sludge/septage and sewage is safely managed and treated, with no discharging and/or dumping of untreated faecal sludge/septage and sewage in drains, water bodies or open areas? Open Defecation Free Plus Open Defecation Free Open Defecation Free Plus Plus Open Urination Free Q.3) Which of the following is not a part of Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT)? Every household should have access to tap and sewerage line. Developing greenery and well maintained open spaces e.g. Parks Reducing pollution by switching to public transport and constructing facilities for non-motorized transport like walking/cycling. Providing government broadband internet connection to all households through optical fiber network. Q.4) The chief characteristic features of the Neolithic culture include: Practice of agriculture and domestication of animals Polishing of stone tools Manufacture of pottery The new technology of smelting metal ore and crafting metal artifacts Select the correct answer using the codes given below: 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 1, 2, 3 and 4 MUST READ Telangana’s ‘villages of widows’ The Hindu A global slowdown? The Hindu How Dhaka fell in 1971 Indian Express Citizens and them Indian Express We don’t need career judges India Indian Express Jobs, in perspective Indian Express

Jan 4, 2019 AIR

All India Radio (AIR) IAS UPSC - India’s Nuclear Triad INS Arihant

India’s Nuclear Triad INS Arihant ARCHIVES Search 6th November, 2018 Spotlight here: http://www.newsonair.com/Audio-Archive-Search.aspx TOPIC: General studies 3 Security challenges and their management in border areas In News: INS Arihant, the country's first indigenous nuclear submarine, completes India's nuclear triad – puts India among a handful of countries having the capability to design, construct and operate SSBNs (Strategic Strike Nuclear Submarine). The completion of the maiden deterrence patrol by India’s first indigenous nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine is a momentous development in terms of the country’s ability to defend itself in a rough neighbourhood where it faces challenges from certain inimical powers. It signals not only India’s capability, along with a handful of nations, to build and operate a SSBN or nuclear submarine armed with ballistic missiles, but is a key step towards a survivable nuclear triad, or the ability to launch a nuclear second strike from sea, air or land in view of the country’s “no first use” policy for its nuclear arsenal. The successful completion of the deterrence patrol ensures that India will have the necessary second-strike capabilities with the country's nuclear shield now complete. A nuclear response option is only feasible if the country's nuclear triad- air, land, and sea, is ready for engagement with enemy forces. India’s nuclear Triad – What is it? India earlier had the capabilities to launch nuclear weapons from the Air, mounted largely on its Mirage 2000 and Jaguar Aircraft, and by land-based missiles, ranging from its Agni 1 missile, with a range 700-900 km, to Agni 5 Missiles, with a range of 5500 km. Its aim has been to develop a “credible nuclear deterrent”, with capabilities to deliver nuclear weapons from multiple locations on land, air and sea, to all strategic areas and centres, in its two nuclear-armed neighbours —China and Pakistan. The Arihant provides India with a capability to hit either neighbour from 300 meters under the sea. The sea-based missiles envisaged for this purpose are the Sagarika with a range of 750 km and the K-4, with a range of 3500 km. While land-based missile sites can be attacked and destroyed, a submarine-based deterrent is virtually impregnable against a missile attack. India is the only country having a sea-based nuclear deterrent, which is not a Permanent Member of the UN Security Council. Image source: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/as-nuclear-sub-arihant-returns-after-first-deterrence-patrol-indias-nuclear-triad-complete/articleshow/66515624.cms Image Source: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/ins-arihant-completes-indias-nuclear-triad-pm-modi-felicitates-crew/articleshow/66509959.cms Policy in place India has put in place a robust nuclear command and control structure, safety assurance architecture and strict political control, under its Nuclear Command Authority. The country remains committed to the doctrine of Credible Minimum Deterrence and No First Use. India’s nuclear doctrine stated that its nuclear weapons would only be used in retaliation against a major attack on Indian territory, or on Indian forces anywhere, in which nuclear weapons are used. India also retains the right to use nuclear weapons in the event of major attacks on its territory, or on Indian forces anywhere, in which chemical or biological weapons are used. Pakistan, on the other hand does not have a formal nuclear doctrine. China maintains deliberate ambiguity on its nuclear doctrine, when it comes to dealing with India. Many legitimately ask whether this is meant to signal to Pakistan that China will come to its aid in any nuclear exchange Pakistan has with India, even if it is initiated by Pakistan. This Chinese ambiguity only adds to India’s determination to strengthen its “Triad” of land, air and sea-based nuclear weapons. The Way Ahead While India has a well-organised, streamlined nuclear command structure headed by the Prime Minister and Cabinet Committee on Security, it needs to address serious issues on the archaic structure of its Ministry of Defence. Most importantly, the key military figure in the Nuclear Command structure is the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, who generally holds office for less than a year. This is hardly the time adequate for him to become fully familiar the complexities of our Strategic Nuclear Command. Experts believe a real sea-based deterrence requires at least three atomic-powered submarines, two of which would be on patrol along the eastern and western seaboards while one undergoes a refit at any given time. The submarines will also need to be armed with missiles with a range of up to 5,000 km to give India the wherewithal to counter regional powers; China has a force of more than 60 undersea vessels, including SSBNs. The distance between India officially unveiling its plans for a nuclear triad and the first deterrence patrol took 15 years. Other milestones in this important programme shouldn’t take as long. Connecting the dots: In the light of India’s nuclear triad, critically examine the state of India’s nuclear deterrence.

Jan 4, 2019 RSTV Video

RSTV IAS UPSC – India-Bhutan New Vistas

India-Bhutan New Vistas Archives TOPIC: General Studies 2 India and its neighbourhood- relations. Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests In News: India and Bhutan are looking to strengthen further old and time-tested ties between the two nations with the arrival of Bhutan’s new Prime Minister Lotay Tshering. In a joint statement released after the wide-ranging talks between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Mr. Tshering... India announced Rs 4,500 crore financial assistance to Bhutan for its 12th five-year plan. Indian assistance will account for 15% of the outlay for the five-year-plan, which is the lowest proportion ever. India also contributed Rs 4,500 core for the 11th five-year plan, but it accounted for 23% of the smaller outlay. ISRO will complete building a ground station in Bhutan for the South Asian Satellite that will help the Himalayan nation in weather information, tele-medicine and disaster relief in the far-flung areas. The Bhutanese PM is on a three-day visit to India. It is his first foreign visit after taking charge as PM of the Himalayan nation last month. Modi, too, had chosen Bhutan to be his first foreign port of call after being elected India’s Prime Minister in 2014. India - Bhutan Relations Diplomatic relations between India and Bhutan were established in 1968, and the basic framework of India- Bhutan bilateral relations was the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation signed in 1949 between the two countries, which was revised in February 2007. The India-Bhutan Friendship Treaty not only reflects the contemporary nature of our relationship but also lays the foundation for their future development in the 21st century. The Golden Jubilee of the establishment of formal diplomatic relations between India and Bhutan is being celebrated in the year 2018. The India-Bhutan relationship is often characterised by the grants and aid that India has extended to the small country, principally to the hydropower plants that provide Bhutan its largest single source of revenue. The political relationship, though, precedes the hydropower projects by decades, and is best seen in the context of Tibetan issues. History After India gained independence, Bhutan was one of the first countries to reach out to the new India. Formal bilateral relations between Bhutan and India were established in January 1968 with the appointment of a special officer of the Government of India to Bhutan. The basis for bilateral relations between India and Bhutan is formed by the Indo-Bhutan Treaty of 1949. On August 8, 1949 Bhutan and India signed the Treaty of Friendship, calling for peace between the two nations and non-interference in each other’s internal affairs. However, Bhutan agreed to let India “guide” its foreign policy and decided that both nations would consult each other closely on foreign and defence affairs. The treaty also established free trade and extradition protocols. The Treaty of 2007 The treaty of 1949 between India and Bhutan was updated in 2007. The most significant change was in Article 2. Article 2 was the most important provision in the treaty, according to which, “The Government of India undertakes to exercise no interference in the internal administration of Bhutan.” On its part, the Government of Bhutan agrees to be guided by the advice of the Government of India in regard to its external relations. The point that had provoked some amount of criticism or controversy pertains to the second part of this Article since it tries to qualify Bhutan’s external relations. Bhutan’s Significance to India Geography Bhutan’s significance to India stems from its geographic location. Nestled in the Himalayas, it is sandwiched between India and China. Thus, it serves as a buffer between the two Asian giants. Bhutan’s value as a buffer soared after China annexed Tibet in 1951. As the 2017 crisis in the Doklam region revealed, India will strongly oppose, even militarily, any Chinese attempt to assert control over mDoklam. Securing Bhutan’s present borders especially its western border is clearly important for India. Doklam in the hands of a hostile power would heighten the vulnerability of India’s Siliguri Corridor, a narrow strip of land that links India to its Northeastern states. So vital is Doklam to India’s defence that India has a permanent and sizeable military contingent and an army hospital in Haa district, where Doklam is located. Economy India dominates Bhutan’s economy. It is Bhutan’s largest trade partner; around 79% of Bhutan’s total imports are from India and India provides a market for 90% of its exports. Additionally, India is Bhutan’s largest aid donor. Between 2000 and 2017, Bhutan received $4.7 billion in aid from India, the lion’s share of India’s total foreign aid. Energy, Infrastructure & Security Bhutan is a strategically important country for India due to its location, and both sides have been ramping up overall cooperation, including in areas of defence and security, and energy, over the past a few years. India’s Border Roads Organisation has completed construction of a strategically key road in Bhutan, linking the neighbouring country’s border town of Phuentshogling with its capital city of Thimphu. Under the 2007 India-Bhutan Friendship Treaty, the two sides have agreed to “cooperate closely with each other on issues relating to their national interests. Neither Government shall allow the use of its territory for activities harmful to the national security and interest of the other.” During the Doklam standoff between troops of India and China last year, Bhutan had extended support to New Delhi Conclusion This development, instead of being seen as a deviation from the norm, presents an enormous opportunity for India to seize the moment and graduate from being Bhutan’s largest developmental partner to Bhutan’s largest investor and business partner. For India, the challenge is to align with the rising expectations of an impatient people who are seemingly no longer satisfied by the philosophy of “Gross National Happiness” as concrete economic challenges of a credit crunch, high loan interest rates, unemployment and high inflation loom. Many in Bhutan feel that the country’s traditional goodwill towards India should now be linked to enhanced Indian generosity in providing it with development support. Must read: Mindmap + India-Bhutan Ties post Doklam

Jan 4, 2019 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

Daily Current Affairs [IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam] – 4th January 2019

Daily Current Affairs [IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam] – 4th January 2019 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Trump’s remarks on India and India’s response (with regard to role in Afghanistan) Part of: GS Prelims and Mains II – India and the World; International Relations In news: At a recently held cabinet meeting, U.S. President Donald Trump said countries which are near to Afghanistan (India, Russia and Pakistan) should be fighting the Taliban instead of U.S. Trump particularly took aim at India and mocked at PM Modi for funding a "library" in Afghanistan, saying it is of no use in the war-torn country as he criticised India and others for not doing enough for the nation's security. India’s response India rejected Trump’s remark, said that developmental assistance can play a major role in transforming the war-ravaged country. India has been implementing a range of mega infrastructure projects (such as 218 km road from Zaranj to Delaram, the Salma Dam and the new Afghan Parliament building) as well as carrying out community development programmes in Afghanistan as per requirement of its people. Such assistance would go a long way in making the country economically empowered and stable. India has also been supplying military equipment to Afghanistan besides providing training to hundreds of Afghan security personnel. India plays a significant role in the country as its development partner and that the partnership is built on the specific needs and requirements worked out with the Afghan government. India seeks to build capacities and capabilities of Afghan nationals and its institutions for governance and delivery of public service, develop socio-economic infrastructure, secure lives and promote livelihood. Besides mega infrastructure projects, India is implementing 116 new ‘High Impact Community Development Projects’ in 31 provinces of Afghanistan, including in the areas of education, health, agriculture, irrigation, drinking water, renewable energy, flood control, micro-hydropower, sports infrastructure, administrative infrastructure. India does not send its armed forces abroad except under the specific mandate of UN Peacekeeping Operations. Chang’e-4 lunar probe Part of: GS Prelims and Mains III – International affairs; Science and Technology; Space Missions In news: China's Chang-e'4 lunar probe lander-rover touched down on the lunar far side. The probe, which has a lander and a rover, touched down at a targeted area near the moon’s south pole in the Von Karman Crater. The tasks of the Chang’e-4 include astronomical observation, surveying the moon’s terrain, land form and mineral make-up, and measuring the neutron radiation and neutral atoms to study the environment of its far side. Do you know? Chandrayaan-1 was India's first lunar probe. It was launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation in October 2008, and operated until August 2009. The mission included a lunar orbiter and an impactor. (Status: Partial success) Chandrayaan-2 will be India’s second moon mission. Chandrayaan-2 is scheduled to be launched in Feb/March 2019. (MAINS FOCUS) ECONOMY TOPIC:General studies 3 Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment. Inclusive growth and issues arising from it. Government Budgeting. For achieving sustained high growth Context: 2018 has been a mixed bag, both globally and domestically. Globally, the growth rate in 2018 was high, particularly in the United States. But strong signs of a trade war emerged, dimming hopes of faster international trade. Britain is passing through the pangs of separation from the European Union. Domestically, the first quarter growth rate was high. But signs are not good for the balance of the year. (Fall in rupee, crude oil prices rose, agrarian distress accentuated) Indian context India’s growth rate in 2018-19 is forecast at 7.4% by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). However, it looks like a touch-and-go situation. More likely, it will be slightly lower.   Reasons: Even though the Goods and Services Tax (GST) has stabilised, much will depend on the pickup in the investment rate and the productivity of capital or its inverse incremental capital-output ratio. The international environment is not that conducive for growth in our foreign trade; this will have an impact on our exports and, therefore, growth. High oil prices, emerging market stress as the era of easy money draws to a close, and policy paralysis ahead of elections. The impact of higher global oil prices compounded by sharp rupee depreciation raises the cost of households’ consumption basket, and will weigh on households’ capacity for other expenditures. Borrowing costs have already risen because of tightening monetary policy. Sluggish demand, possible state spending cut pose risk to growth. Five issues that need to be addressed comprehensively if India is to achieve sustained high growth: Raising the investment ratio Putting the banking system back on the rails Employment generation through better growth Enhancing export growth to contain the CAD; and Removing agrarian distress by increasing productivity and consolidation of small landholdings. Raising the investment ratio The growth rate depends on the investment rate and the productivity of capital or its inverse incremental capital-output ratio. Productivity and ICOR depends upon a multiple number of factors such as quality of labour (education and skill development levels) and technology, which is constantly changing. Putting the banking system back on the rails An important factor affecting economic growth is the condition of our banking system. Non-performing assets (NPAs) and stressed assets should be taken care. As many as 11 public sector banks are under Prompt Corrective Action (PCA), which will restrict the lending abilities of these banks. Added to this, the non banking financial company (NBFC) system is also under stress. Recapitalisation of public sector banks will partly solve the problem. Their inability to lend affects the availability of working capital as well as capital expenditures. The growth rate in the industrial sector will depend on how quickly the banking system comes back to normalcy. Employment generation Employment in the informal sector is much larger. Jobless growth – Even though growth is around 7%, there is no corresponding growth in employment. It is growth which is led by new investment that leads to a significant increase in employment. Increase in employment seen in the period between 2004-05 and 2009-10 was because of the rapid growth of the information technology (IT) and financial sectors. The IT sector has slowed down. The financial sector is under stress. Thus, even from the point of view of employment, the key factor is the pickup in investment. Enhancing export growth India’s external sector has grown and is well integrated with the rest of the world. India’s trade in goods and services as a percentage of GDP has grown to 42% of GDP. Therefore, what happens in the rest of the world affects India’s growth very much. India’s balance of payment situation has been comfortable since liberalisation. However, there are some vulnerabilities seen in September-October 2018, when the value of the rupee suddenly plummeted when crude oil prices rose. This also led to capital outflows. RBI intervention and the subsequent fall in crude prices have restored the value of the rupee. Thus, India’s exports of goods grew by 11.6%. Strong growth in exports is a must if we have to keep the current account deficit (CAD) at a manageable level. The forecast for world trade and output is not encouraging. There are too many uncertainties – such as intensification in the trade war, protectionism etc.   Removing agrarian distress The future growth also depends on the performance of agriculture. Effective government procurement, improving financial capacity of the government to procure, adequate physical arrangements to procure and store will help. Increasing productivity and enabling farmers to achieve increased output and better prices should be the end goal. Loan waivers are at best short-term solutions. Consolidation of landholdings by small farmers, combined attack to increase productivity and improving marketing is needed to assure farmers of better income. Connecting the dots: Can the Indian economy really achieve double digit growth? Discuss what measures are needed if India has to achieve sustained high growth. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TOPIC:General studies 3 Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology Science for Society: ‘ease of living’ through ‘ease of doing science’ Context: At the 102nd Indian Science Congress held in Mumbai in 2014, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said – The arms of science, technology and innovation must reach the poorest, the remotest and the most vulnerable person. There should be pragmatic use of science and technology to aid growth and development in India. Promote ‘ease of living’ through ‘ease of doing science’. The key address by PM was an attempt at motivating scientists and researchers to direct their focus towards resolving the issues that disrupt the life of the common man. Outcome: The transformation in the last four-and-half years has been remarkable. From engaging with Nobel laureates to brainstorming with India’s scientific community, from interacting with young minds engaged in Hackathons to posing questions for innovators and startup founders, the PM has made science the fulcrum of New India. In the last four years, the government has tried to enhance collaboration between various scientific streams to enhance the productivity of our research and development. Government procedures and approvals for scientists and researchers have been placed online and made transparent, thereby assuring “Ease of Doing Science”. Various schemes have been introduced to improve the quality of research institutes, for the promotion of technology business incubators (Atal Incubation Centres) and research parks that promote innovative ideas until they become commercial ventures. This has opened up new opportunities for tech start-ups, propelling India to become the world’s third-largest technology start-up hub with the incorporation of 1,000 new companies in 2017. The popularisation of science has been given a strong impetus. Platforms like “Innovate India” promote and recognise innovations happening across the nation by enabling citizens to share their innovation.   Atal Tinkering Labs ensure that dedicated workspaces are created for students to innovate and develop ideas that will go on to transform India. Scholarship schemes have been revamped and new schemes introduced to inspire young researchers and students to become active members of India’s growth story. The current government used international visits to explore collaborations in various fields like clean energy, agriculture, fintech, biotechnology, medicine, healthcare and futuristic technologies, such as AI and Blockchain. India’s partnership with the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippines was strengthened further with IRRI opening a regional centre in Varanasi. India’s collaboration with the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) in the US improved with our scientists participating in LIGO experiments. India’s quest for clean energy was cemented with our instrumental role in forging the International Solar Alliance. The quantum leap of 21 places in the Global Innovation Index in two years, has also been noticed by the international community. The Fourth Industrial Revolution, comprising of artificial intelligence, machine learning and smart robotics will create multiple opportunities for Indian scientists to create new tools that are relevant to India and are environmentally sustainable. Do you know? The key achievements of Indian science this year (2018) were: the production of aviation grade biofuel; Divya Nayan — a reading machine for the visually impaired; devices for the diagnosis of cervical cancer, TB and dengue; and a real-time landslide warning system in the Sikkim-Darjeeling region. Conclusion: Science is a continuous journey.  Ease of Doing Science will indeed be the cornerstone of Ease of Living. As more bright youngsters take to science, they shall endeavour to find solutions in areas such as nutrition, agriculture, clean energy and the environment. The results shall certainly augur well for India. Connecting the dots: Discuss how India can become a global science & technology leader. Also examine why Ease of Doing Science is as vital as Ease of Doing Business. (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Featured Comments and comments Up-voted by IASbaba are the “correct answers”. IASbaba App users – Team IASbaba will provide correct answers in comment section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1) Route 606, also known as Delaram-Zaranj Highway connects which of the following countries? India and Myanmar India and Bhutan Iran and Afghanistan China and Pakistan Q.2) Salma Dam is a landmark infrastructure project undertaken by Government of India  on river Hari Rud, in Herat province of - Bangladesh Bhutan Afghanistan Nepal Q.3) Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM)? Atal Innovation Scheme (AIM) is working to establish 500 ATLs in Central Universities across India. The AICs under Atal Innovation Scheme will help start-ups to expand quicker and enable innovation-entrepreneurship, in core sectors of the economy such as manufacturing, energy, transport, education, agriculture, water and sanitation, etc. Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) will provide financial support of Rs.10 crore and capacity building for setting up of each AIC. Atal Innovation Scheme (AIM) is working to establish 500 ATLs in schools across India. Q.4) Consider the following statements about ‘Online Labs’ It hosts experiments in Physical, Chemical and Biological sciences for the students from classes 9 to 12 with content aligned to NCERT /CBSE and State Board Syllabus It is funded by Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology It will be established at Atal Tinkering Labs established across the country as a part of the Atal Innovation Mission Select the correct statements 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.5) Consider the following statements about Atal Tinkering Laboratories (ATLs): It is part of Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) Mentor India Campaign will engage leaders who can guide and mentor students at Atal Tinkering Labs ATLs can be established in schools (Grade VI – XII) managed by Government, local body or private trusts/society. Select the correct statements 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.6) Which of the following is under the aegis of NITI Aayog? Atal Pension Yojana Atal Tinkering Lab Atal Innovation Mission Select the correct code: 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above MUST READ A case of unprincipled criminalization The Hindu Dark side of the moon: on China's moon mission The Hindu Dark recesses Indian Express The country’s counsel Indian Express A judgment, a foundation Indian Express Will farm loan waiver go the way of the property tax repeal? Livemint Impending hazards: The case of farm loan waivers Livemint

Jan 4, 2019 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz - 2019 : IAS Daily Current Affairs Quiz [Day 144]

UPSC Quiz - 2019 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz [Day 144] Archives Q.1) ‘Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI)’ is published by UNFCCC Secretariat UNEP Climate Vulnerable Forum Germanwatch Q.2) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Black-striped mussel’ It spreads primarily through the discharge of ballast waters of ships It is native to the South and Central Americas Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.3) Which of the following statements is correct with respect to ‘Swap Ratio’? It is the amount by which the price of a convertible security exceeds the current market value of the common stock into which it may be converted It is the ratio at which an acquiring company will offer its own shares in exchange for the target company's shares during a merger or acquisition It is the number of common shares received at the time of conversion for each convertible security It is a financial ratio that expresses the leverage of a bond issuer Q.4) Which of the following statements is/are correct? A private member cannot introduce a constitutional amendment bill. A private members’ bill can be introduced in Lok Sabha Only Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.5) ‘Manbij’ is located in Indonesia Syria Lebanon Palestine To Download the Solution - Click here All the Best  IASbaba

Jan 3, 2019 AIR

All India Radio (AIR) IAS UPSC - Outreach and Support to MSME Sector

Outreach and Support to MSME Sector ARCHIVES Search 2nd November, 2018 Spotlight here: http://www.newsonair.com/Audio-Archive-Search.aspx General Studies 2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. General Studies 3: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment. Inclusive growth and issues arising from it. Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth. Credit stimulus package for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) Why: In response to twin shocks arising from demonetization and GST Demonetisation made it difficult for these units to pay their contractual labour in cash and access credit, which is again largely through informal channels. GST similarly led to an increase in compliance costs, apart from depriving them of the inherent advantages of doing business in cash without leaving a paper trail. The outstanding gross bank credit to MSMEs has shrunk — from Rs 4.71 lakh crore to Rs 4.69 crore between September 2014 and September 2018. Despite refinancing schemes such as Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana, this shrunk is proof of formal lending institutions being unable to fill the void either. Credit Stimulus is the policy which seeks to enhance credit flow to various critical sectors in the economy by providing loans at the cheaper rate of interest. The main idea behind the credit stimulus is to promote growth and development of the critical sectors and to reduce their dependence on informal borrowings. Five key aspects for facilitating the MSME sector: Access to credit Access to market Technology upgradation Ease of doing business A sense of security for employees 12 key initiatives which will help the growth, expansion and facilitation of MSMEs across the country were unveiled, under the 5 key aspects mentioned above – Access to credit: 59-minute loan portal to enable easy access to credit for MSMEs 2 percent interest subvention for all GST registered MSMEs, on fresh or incremental loans All companies with a turnover more than Rs. 500 crore, must now compulsorily be brought on the Trade Receivables e-Discounting System (TReDS) – will enable entrepreneurs to access credit from banks, based ontheir upcoming receivables. This will resolve their problems of cash cycle. Access to market: Public sector companies have now been asked to compulsorily procure 25 percent, instead of 20 percent of their total purchases, from MSMEs. Out of the 25 percent procurement mandated from MSMEs, 3 percent must now be reserved for women entrepreneurs. All public sector undertakings of the Union Government must now compulsorily be a part of GeM Technology upgradation: 20 hubs will be formed across the country, and 100 spokes in the form of tool rooms will be established. Ease of doing business: Clusters will be formed of pharma MSMEs – 70 percent cost of establishing these clusters will be borne by the Union Government The return under 8 labour laws and 10 Union regulations must now be filed only once a year. The establishments to be visited by an Inspector will be decided through a computerised random allotment. Under air pollution and water pollution laws, now both these have been merged as a single consent and the return will be accepted through self-certification. An Ordinance has been brought, under which, for minor violations under the Companies Act, the entrepreneur will no longer have to approach the Courts, but can correct them through simple procedures. A sense of security for employees: a mission will be launched to ensure that they have Jan Dhan Accounts, provident fund and insurance. Must Read: Mindmap 1 + Mindmap 2 + Mindmap 3 + Growth in Manufacturing Sector Connecting the Dots: Analyse the challenges that make Indian manufacturing less competitive globally? How can India ensure a greater share in global GDP from manufacturing? Do you think the micro, small and medium industries hold the key to India’s industrial growth? Examine. What is Zero Defect – Zero Effect (ZED) scheme? Examine its significance for India’s MSME sector.

Jan 3, 2019 RSTV Video

RSTV IAS UPSC – Infrastructure and North-East

Infrastructure and North-East Archives TOPIC: General Studies 2 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes In News: For decades, poor infrastructure and limited connectivity have acted as roadblocks hindering the socio-economic development of these states. 16 years after the commencement of work, the Bogibeel bridge over the river Brahmaputra was finally inaugurated. The Bogibeel Bridge, which was a part of the Assam Accord and sanctioned in 1997-98, is expected to play a significant role in the troop’s movement along the India-China border in Arunachal Pradesh. With a length of 4.94 km long this is now the longest rail-cum-road bridge in India and comes as a big breather for the people of northeast. The five-kilometre structure spans the waters of the mighty Brahmaputra River. The Bridge is of strategic importance for India and for the armed forces. With this bridge becoming operational distance from Dibrugarh to Rangiya will be reduced by 170 km and a train journey from Itangar, capital of Arunachal Pradesh to Dibrugarh will be only 180 km. People from Dhemaji, Jonai and North Lakhimpur who had to earlier travel the whole day to cross the Brahmaputra to reach Dibrugarh, will now cross the river within minutes. Focus on Infrastructure The north-eastern region (NER) has been placed on a pedestal for the purposes of central assistance, subsidies and exemptions. Connectivity has been the proverbial Achilles’ Heel for the Northeast. On this front, there are visible signs of change, with the rapid construction of national highways, bridges, rail and air linkages. The recently-commissioned airports at Pakyong in Sikkim and Pasighat in Arunachal Pradesh have given wings to economic possibilities. Rural infrastructure and connectivity have seen a significant improvement under the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana and Border Area Development Programme, though the quality of road infrastructure, especially state highways and rural roads remains quite pathetic. Torrential monsoon rains and mudslides make the task of road maintenance even more challenging. Transformation by Transportation The NE region lies on the wrong side of the narrow Siliguri corridor and comprises of eight and half states and nearly 5 cr people supported by a single road axis prone to disruptions. The isolation and neglect in mainstreaming the people mainly due to lack of connectivity and infrastructure has contributed to the various insurgencies. There is an imperative to ensure peace, stability and development in the region by providing the people the much-needed connectivity to ensure the benefits of education, health care and economic growth. This will also give a push to tourism as the NE is by far one of the most scenic and serene places in India. At the strategic level the 3488 km long India- China border remains the longest though most peaceful disputed border in the world, with the last shot in anger fired in October of 1975. However, the disputed border does remain a potential driver for conflict and given the emerging geostrategic construct with China asserting itself as a global power, it is an imperative that India build capabilities and enhance capacities, to protect its interests in all domains especially so along the disputed border. The Way Ahead It is time the government takes immediate and urgent measures to give additional impetus to build the requisite infrastructure to address the security needs as also facilitate mainstreaming of the border people and ensure development of the region. The government should amend the land acquisition bill 2014 to exclude 100 kms along our Northern Borders and 50 kms along our Western borders, required for defence needs i.e. national security. There is also a need to evolve an integrated infrastructure development plan where in the NHAI is responsible for constructing the main arteries, a revamped Border Road Organisation mandated to construct the feeder roads and the army to ensure last mile connectivity through its integral resources of operational works. In addition to the plan the government should constitute a National Infrastructure Development Board under the Niti Aayog comprising of all relevant ministries including the representatives from the Army and Indian Air Force, fully empowered and accountable to execute and monitor time bound development. China respects strength and exploits the weak. It is imperative that India build capabilities and enhances existing capacities. While India looks at these mega-bridges, roads and hydropower projects for strategic reasons, it needs to develop an inclusive model for the local inhabitants too. They lack the knowledge, the education and the formal training of engineers or semi-skilled technicians needed for these infrastructure projects. They also lack the information to take a stance over majority decisions that are eventually imposed upon them. Often, they are consulted only when there is a problem due to land acquisition aspects of such infrastructure development. Note: District Infrastructure Index (DII): In order to reduce intra-regional disparity and better targeting of schemes and projects in North Eastern States. The DII is based on seven broad indicators — transport facilities in terms of road density and road quality, energy, water supply, education, health facilities, communication infrastructure and banking facilities. North East Special Infrastructure Development Scheme (NESIDS): The funds under the scheme, will be distributed among eight North Eastern States on the basis of well-defined criteria on certain parameters e.g. Area, Population, Human Development Index, Road density, etc. The scheme, inter alia, aims to cover the social sectors namely health and education in North Eastern Region. Read: Infrastructural Projects in North Eastern Region Developmental Projects in North Eastern States Upgradation of Airports in North East Digital North East Vision 2022 Connecting the Dots: Inaccessibility in far-flung areas would be a deterrent to the enemies. Do you agree? Examine this statement in terms of the issues prevalent in the north-east part of our country.