Sep 10, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 10th September 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEE SYSTEM  Syllabus Prelims & Mains – Polity Context: The opposition parties in India are complaining about the delay in constituting Department-related Parliamentary Standing Committees (DRSCs). Background: – Intense negotiations have been going on between the government and Opposition for control over important committees for nearly three months since the election of the 18th Lok Sabha. Origins and Universal Nature: Committees are central to the functioning of parliaments worldwide. In India, the modern committee system was inherited from the British Parliament. The first committee in India was the Public Accounts Committee (PAC) in 1921, under the Government of India Act, 1919. Post-independence, PAC and the Estimates Committee (established in 1950) came under the direct control of the Lok Sabha Speaker. Business Advisory Committee (chaired by the Speaker) and Committee on Government Assurance were the Indian innovations in parliamentary democracy. Another major landmark was the creation of the Committee on Public Undertakings during the third Lok Sabha. Significant expansion occurred in the 1990s with the establishment of Departmental Standing Committees (DRSCs) to enhance parliamentary oversight.By 1993, India had 17 DRSCs, each with 45 members. The expansion aimed to make parliamentary activity effective, enhance the accountability of the executive, and utilise the availability of expertise and public opinion. It may be noted here that the creation of DRSCs coincided with the rise of coalition politics, increasing disruptions in Houses, declining parliamentary oversight, and the ‘guillotine’ of legislation. Structure and Authority: Committees are categorized as standing (permanent) and ad hoc (temporary for specific tasks). Ad hoc committees are created for some specific purposes and they cease to exist after finishing the tasks assigned. The select and joint committees on bills are principal ad hoc committees. In addition, Parliament has standing committees that are permanent (constituted every year) and work on a continuous basis. Committees are composed of MPs appointed or elected by the House or nominated by the Speaker. They derive authority from Article 105 (MP privileges) and Article 118 (Parliament’s authority to regulate its procedure). Significance of Committees: They address the complexities of modern administration, allowing for detailed scrutiny of government activities. Committees involve experts and stakeholders in decision-making, helping MPs from different parties reach consensus. They also foster collaboration between the two houses of Parliament. These committees also accommodate the MPs who could not find a place in the Cabinet of coalition governments. They ensures executive accountability to Parliament and helps to function the system of checks and balances. Challenges: Short tenure of committees limits specialisation and delays in reconstitution disrupt functioning. Political partisanship, absenteeism, and a decline in bills referred to committees have undermined effectiveness. Issues like inadequate resources, staff, and expert advisers were highlighted by the Venkatachaliah Commission (2000). Source: Indian Express PresVu  Syllabus Prelims – SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: Mumbai-based Entod Pharmaceuticals announced that the Drug Controller General of India (DCGI), the nation’s top drug regulatory authority, has approved its innovative eye drops designed specifically to reduce the need for reading glasses in individuals with presbyopia. Background: – According to the company, the eye drop PresVu is the first of its kind in India, and Entod has applied for a patent for this invention in terms of its formulation and the process. Key takeaways Presbyopia is an age-related disorder in which the eyes gradually lose their capacity to concentrate on adjacent objects. Cause: Presbyopia occurs due to the gradual stiffening of the lens inside the eye. The lens becomes less flexible, reducing its ability to change shape and focus light on the retina for close-up tasks. This condition typically becomes noticeable in individuals around the age of 40 and continues to progress with age. Doctors believe that spectacles are one of the most efficient strategies to manage the illness. About PresVu The active ingredient — chemical compounds in medicines that have an effect on the body — in PresVu is pilocarpine. The compound contracts the iris muscles, which control the size of the pupil and help humans see things clearly, thereby enabling one’s eyes to focus better on nearby objects, according to Entod Pharmaceuticals. PresVu also claims to employ “advanced dynamic buffer technology” — effectively, a base solution — to adapt to the pH level of tears. This guarantees that the eye drop has consistent efficacy and safety for extended use, keeping in mind that such drops will be used for years at a stretch. PresVu is a prescription-only medication, and experts say its effects are unlikely to endure more than four to six hours. Additional Information Although Entod’s claims suggest that PresVu is a new therapy, pilocarpine, the key ingredient in the eye drop, has been available in India for decades. In 2021, the US Food and Drug Administration approved a pilocarpine eye drop to treat presbyopia. Source: Indian Express ENEMY PROPERTY  Syllabus Prelims – POLITY Context: A parcel of land in Uttar Pradesh, previously belonging to the family of former Pakistan President Pervez Musharraf, is set to be auctioned under The Enemy Property Act. Background: The Union Home Affairs Ministry said in a notice erected on the plot that around 13 bighas of land in the Kotana Bangar village in Baghpat district has been directed for sale through e-auction until September 12. Enemy Property and the Enemy Property Act Enemy Property refers to the properties left behind by individuals who migrated to Pakistan or China following the India-Pakistan wars of 1965 and 1971, and the Sino-Indian War of 1962. These properties were classified as “enemy property” under Indian law, as the people who left India acquired the nationality of an enemy country. The Indian government took control of these properties and vested them in the Custodian of Enemy Property for India, a government-appointed authority, under the Defence of India Rules (formulated under the Defence of India Act, 1962). The Enemy Property Act, enacted in 1968, provided for the continuous vesting of enemy property in the Custodian of Enemy Property for India. The Tashkent Declaration of January 10, 1966, featured a clause stating that India and Pakistan would consider the restitution of property and assets taken over during the fight. However, the Pakistani government disposed of all such properties throughout the country in 1971. Key Features of the Enemy Property Act: Under the Enemy Property Act 1968, Custodian manages enemy properties on behalf of the Government of India, ensuring that these assets cannot be transferred or claimed by anyone. Enemy Property (Amendment and Validation) Act, 2017: In 2017, the Indian government amended the Enemy Property Act of 1968 to address legal issues and prevent claims by legal heirs. The key amendments included: Expansion of Definitions: The amended Act expanded the definition of the term “enemy subject”, and “enemy firm” to include the legal heir and successor of an enemy, whether a citizen of India or a citizen of a country which is not an enemy; and the succeeding firm of an enemy firm, irrespective of the nationality of its members or partners. Vesting of Property: The amended law provided that enemy property shall continue to vest in the Custodian even if the enemy or enemy subject or enemy firm ceases to be an enemy due to death, extinction, winding up of business or change of nationality, or that the legal heir or successor is a citizen of India or a citizen of a country which is not an enemy. Disposal of Enemy Property: The Custodian, with the approval of the central government, is empowered to sell or dispose of enemy property. The proceeds from such disposals are intended to benefit the government. Purpose of enemy property act amendment The amendment effectively barred any claims of inheritance or succession on enemy property, regardless of whether the legal heir resides in India or a non-enemy country. This move was aimed at preventing prolonged litigation, such as the case of the Raja of Mahmudabad, whose heirs fought a long legal battle to reclaim the properties. Source: Indian Express MPOX  Syllabus Prelims – SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: A suspected case of mpox has been identified in India, according to a statement issued by the Union Health Ministry on Sunday. Background: – Mpox was declared a ‘Public Health Emergency of International Concern’ — the highest level of alert by the World Health Organization — last month. While India has reported at least 30 cases and one death due to the infection since it was first detected in 2022 (Kerala), this is the first suspected case in the current outbreak. About Mpox Mpox is a viral zoonotic disease caused by the Monkeypox virus, which belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus. The disease is similar to smallpox but generally less severe. It can spread from animals to humans (zoonotic transmission) and between humans. History and Background: First Identified: In 1958, the virus was discovered in monkey colonies used for research, hence the name “Monkeypox.” First Human Case: Detected in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Primarily reported in Central and West Africa, but cases outside Africa have occurred due to international travel and animal trade. Transmission: Zoonotic Transmission: Direct contact with infected animals (rodents and primates are primary carriers). Human-to-Human Transmission: Through close contact with respiratory droplets, bodily fluids, or contaminated objects like bedding. Symptoms: Incubation Period: 6-13 days (can range from 5 to 21 days). Initial Symptoms: Fever, headache, muscle aches, swollen lymph nodes, and fatigue. Rash: Develops 1-3 days after the fever, beginning on the face and spreading to other parts of the body. It evolves into pus-filled sores before crusting over and healing. Severity and Risk: The disease is typically self-limiting, with symptoms lasting 2-4 weeks. Fatality rates in Africa range from 1% to 10%, depending on the strain and healthcare access. Vaccination and Treatment: Smallpox Vaccine: Provides cross-protection due to the similarity between the viruses. WHO has recommended the JYNNEOS/Imvanex vaccine for high-risk groups. Treatment: No specific antiviral treatment for Mpox, but antivirals like tecovirimat are being investigated. 2022 Global Outbreak: First Major Outbreak: Cases of Mpox in non-endemic countries were reported across Europe, the Americas, and Asia in mid-2022. WHO Renaming: In 2022, WHO renamed the disease from Monkeypox to Mpox to avoid stigma and inaccuracy, aligning with global naming conventions. Source: Indian Express TEAL CARBON  Syllabus Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: India’s first study on ‘teal carbon’, undertaken at Keoladeo National Park (KNP) in Rajasthan’s Bharatpur district, has highlighted the significance of wetland conservation to address the challenges of climate adaptation and resilience. Background: – The concept of teal carbon is a recent addition to the environmental science About Teal Carbon Teal carbon refers to carbon stored in non-tidal freshwater wetlands, encompassing carbon sequestered in vegetation, microbial biomass, and dissolved and particulate organic matter. Teal carbon being a colour-based terminology reflects the classification of the organic carbon based on its functions and location rather than its physical properties. As opposed to teal carbon, black and brown carbon are primarily produced by incomplete combustion of organic matter from sources such as wild fires, fossil fuel combustion, and industrial activities. They contribute to global warming. At the global level, the storage of teal carbon across the ecosystems is estimated to be 500.21 petagrams of carbon (PgC), which is a unit to measure carbon. Peatlands, freshwater swamps, and natural freshwater marshes account for significant amount of this storage. Additional information The study in news has depicted the potential of teal carbon as a tool to mitigate climate change if the anthropogenic pollution in the wetlands can be controlled. Though wetlands play a crucial role in regulating greenhouse gases, they are vulnerable to degradation from pollution, land use changes, water extraction, and landscape modifications. Wetlands, when degraded, could release methane and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Source: The Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Which of the following statements regarding “Teal Carbon” is/are correct? Teal carbon refers to carbon stored in non-tidal freshwater wetlands. Unlike black and brown carbon, teal carbon contributes to global warming. Peatlands, freshwater swamps, and natural freshwater marshes account for a significant portion of global teal carbon storage. Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Q2.) Consider the following statements regarding the Mpox (Monkeypox) virus: Mpox is a viral zoonotic disease caused by a virus belonging to the Orthopoxvirus genus. The first human case of Mpox was detected in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1970. Human-to-human transmission of Mpox occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated objects. There is a specific antiviral treatment for Mpox, and the WHO has recommended tecovirimat as the primary treatment. Which of the above statements are correct? (a) 1, 2, and 3 only (b) 1 and 2 only (c) 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3, and 4 Q3.) Consider the following statements about the Parliamentary Committee system in India: The Public Accounts Committee (PAC) was the first parliamentary committee in India, formed in 1921 under the Government of India Act, 1919. The Business Advisory Committee in the Indian Parliament is chaired by the Prime Minister of India. The Venkatachaliah Commission highlighted issues like inadequate resources and lack of expert advisers in parliamentary committees. Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect? (a) 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1 and 2 only Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  6th September 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  5th September – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) –  b Q.2) – c Q.3) – a

Sep 10, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 10th September 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

Sep 10, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 7th September 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   INDIA GENERATES HIGHEST PLASTIC POLLUTION IN WORLD  Syllabus Prelims & Mains – ENVIRONMENT Context: India contributes to a fifth of global plastic pollution according to a study published in the journal Nature recently. Background: – The study was carried out by researchers  from University of Leeds. Key takeaways from the study Plastic Waste in India: India burns roughly 5.8 million tonnes (mt) of plastic each year, and releases another 3.5 mt of plastics into the environment (land, air, water) as debris. Total contribution to global plastic pollution: 9.3 mt per year, surpassing Nigeria (3.5 mt), Indonesia (3.4 mt), and China (2.8 mt). Global Plastic Waste Production: The world produces 251 mt of plastic waste annually. Around 52.1 mt (20%) of this waste is unmanaged, i.e., released into the environment. Managed vs Unmanaged Waste: Managed waste is collected and either recycled or sent to landfills. Unmanaged waste includes burnt plastic releasing toxic gases like carbon monoxide and unburned debris (polluting both land and water bodies globally). Unmanaged Plastic Statistics: 43% (22.2 mt) of unmanaged waste is unburned debris. The remaining 29.9 mt is burned in open fires or dumpsites, causing significant air pollution. Global North-South Divide: 69% of plastic pollution comes from 20 countries in Southern Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Southeast Asia. High-income countries (HICs) in the Global North produce more plastic waste but have better waste management, resulting in less pollution. Plastic Pollution in the Global South: Open burning is the dominant form of pollution due to poor waste management infrastructure. The Global South lacks the resources to implement robust waste management systems, contributing to more uncontrolled debris and burning. International Treaty on Plastic Pollution: Negotiations for a legally binding international treaty on plastic pollution began in 2022. In 2022, the UN Environmental Assembly agreed to develop such a treaty — which experts say might be the most important environmental accord since the Paris Agreement on climate change in 2015 — by the end of 2024. Debates around the Treaty: Fossil-fuel producing countries and industry groups, view plastics pollution as a “waste management problem”, and want to focus on waste management instead of curbing production through treaty. Critics on the other hand argue that viewing plastic pollution as a “waste management problem” ignores the need for upstream solutions like reducing production. Managing plastic waste alone may not be enough, as increasing production leads directly to more pollution. Source: Indian Express SIGNIFICANCE OF THE FIRST CLEAR IMAGES OF MERCURY’S SOUTH POLE  Syllabus Prelims & Mains – SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: On Thursday, the BepiColombo spacecraft, operated by the European Space Agency and Japan, made its closest approach to Mercury, capturing sharp images of the planet’s south pole and craters at sunrise. Background: – A joint mission between the European and Japanese space agencies, BepiColombo was launched in 2018. It will go into orbit around Mercury in 2026. Significance of the BepiColombo Mission Studying Mercury: Mercury is the least-studied rocky planet in the solar system. BepiColombo’s two orbiters will study the planet’s composition, geology, and magnetic field, offering insights into its origins and evolution. Challenging Mission: Reaching Mercury is difficult because spacecraft accelerate when approaching the sun. A series of flybys of Earth, Venus and Mercury are helping to slow down BepiColombo, which will eventually maneuver the mission into orbit around Mercury. Thursday’s flyby was the fourth of six planned, bringing the spacecraft just 103 miles above Mercury’s surface. Key Areas of Interest: BepiColombo captured images of 2 peak ring basins (Vivaldi & Stoddart), which could provide clues about ancient volcanic activity. Mercury’s south pole was imaged, offering a preview of better data to come. BepiColombo is expected to collect better data of the southern hemisphere than NASA’s Messenger spacecraft, which the agency crashed into the planet in 2015 after an 11-year mission. Unique Characteristics of Mercury: Mercury has a core that is oversized compared with the rocky shell surrounding it. Water ice exists on its surface, despite scorching exposure to the sun without an atmosphere to protect it. The planet has an unexpected magnetic field and is rich in volatiles — elements like chlorine, sulfur and potassium — thought to readily evaporate on planets with high temperatures. These traits suggest Mercury may have formed farther from the sun than its current location. Next Steps: After the remaining flybys in December and January, BepiColombo will spend nearly two years circling the sun.It is expected to enter orbit around Mercury by end of 2026. Source: Indian Express FINANCIALISATION  Syllabus Prelims & Mains : ECONOMY Context: Chief Economic Adviser (CEA) V. Anantha Nageswaran cautioned that financialisation might distort macroeconomic outcomes. Background: India’s stock market capitalisation was about 140% of the GDP, the Indian financial sector is seeing high profitability all pointing towards the surge of finanacialisation. About Financialisation Financialisation refers to the increasing dominance of financial motives, financial markets, financial actors, and financial institutions in the economy. Key Aspects of Financialisation Growth of the Financial Sector: Financialization involves the expansion of financial services, such as banking, insurance, and investment, relative to the overall economy. Securitization: This is the process of turning assets into financial instruments, which can be traded in markets. It has led to a massive increase in the variety and volume of financial products. Shift from Industrial to Financial Capitalism: Economies have moved from being driven by industrial production to being driven by financial activities. Influence on Corporate Governance: Companies increasingly focus on maximizing shareholder value, often prioritizing short-term financial gains over long-term investments. Impacts of Financialization Economic Policy and Corporate Behavior: Financial markets and institutions have a significant influence on economic policies and corporate strategies. Income Inequality: Financialization has contributed to increasing income inequality, as the financial sector often sees higher income growth compared to other sectors. Wage Stagnation: There has been a transfer of income from the real sector (goods and services) to the financial sector, leading to wage stagnation in non-financial industries. Decline in Manufacturing: In some countries, like the U.S., financialization has been linked to the decline of manufacturing jobs as capital is diverted to financial markets rather than industrial investments. Source: Hindu NATIONAL TIGER CONSERVATION AUTHORITY (NTCA)  Syllabus Prelims : ENVIRONMENT Context: Conservationist organisations across India have demanded withdrawal of ‘illegal’ relocation of villagers from tiger reserves which is ordered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA). Background: – The notification issued on June 19, 2024, identified 89,808 families from 848 villages and directed the state authorities to relocate the residents living inside core areas of tiger reserves on a priority basis. These residents mostly belong to the Adivasi and other forest-dwelling communities and are entitled to live and use the forest produce for their livelihood as enshrined in the Forest rights Act, 2006 as well as The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. About National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) The National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) is a statutory body under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India. It was established in 2006 under the provisions of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, as amended in 2006. The NTCA is responsible for implementing Project Tiger, a centrally sponsored program aimed at the protection and conservation of tigers in India. Key Functions of NTCA: Policy and Planning: Formulates guidelines and policies for the management of tiger reserves across India. Coordinates and supports scientific monitoring, habitat management, and anti-poaching activities. Legal Oversight: Ensures strict implementation of the Wildlife Protection Act and other legal measures for tiger conservation. Provides legal support to tackle wildlife crimes related to tigers, including poaching and trafficking. Tiger Reserves Management: Oversees the establishment, expansion, and maintenance of tiger reserves. Ensures the involvement of local communities in conservation efforts and addresses issues of human-tiger conflict. Monitoring and Evaluation: Regularly monitors the tiger population, habitat conditions, and other biodiversity in tiger reserves. Publishes the All India Tiger Estimation reports every four years to track the status of the tiger population. Funding and Support: Provides financial assistance to states for the effective management of tiger reserves and conservation activities. Promotes eco-tourism in tiger reserves to create awareness and generate revenue for conservation efforts. Research and Capacity Building: Supports research on tigers, their prey, and habitat to inform conservation strategies. Enhances the capacity of forest staff through training programs and equipping them with necessary tools for conservation. Source: Down To Earth India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC)  Syllabus Prelims & Mains : CURRENT EVENT Context: External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar recently said that the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) will be a cornerstone of global connectivity. Background: – IMEC, announced during the G20 summit last year, has opened new possibilities according to experts. Key takeaways The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) is a significant initiative aimed at enhancing economic connectivity and integration between Asia, the Persian Gulf, and Europe. IMEC is designed to bolster economic development by creating a multi-modal transport network that includes rail, shipping lines, high-speed data cables, and energy pipelines. Route and Connectivity The proposed route for IMEC includes: India: Starting from India’s west coast. United Arab Emirates (UAE): Connecting via sea routes. Saudi Arabia: Crossing the Arabian Peninsula by rail. Jordan and Israel: Further rail connectivity. Europe: Goods will be transported by sea from the Israeli port of Haifa to the Greek port of Piraeus, and then to various European destinations. Key Components Rail Connectivity: Establishing a rail network across the Arabian Peninsula. Shipping Lines: Enhancing maritime routes between India, the Middle East, and Europe. High-Speed Data Cables: Laying undersea cables to improve internet connectivity. Energy Pipelines: Developing pipelines for the transportation of clean energy. Source: Times of India Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs   Q1.) Which of the following statements about Financialisation is/are correct? Financialisation refers to the increasing role of financial markets, financial motives, financial actors, and financial institutions in the economy. One of the impacts of financialisation is the shift from industrial production-driven economies to those driven by financial activities. Financialisation contributes to wage growth in non-financial industries due to increased investment in financial markets. Select the correct answer using the code given below: a) 1 only b) 1 and 2 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Q2.) Which of the following statements about the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) is/are correct? NTCA was established in 2006 under the provisions of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, as amended in 2006. NTCA is responsible for implementing Project Tiger, a program aimed at the conservation of tigers in India. NTCA publishes the All India Tiger Estimation reports annually to track the tiger population. Select the correct answer using the code given below: a) 1 and 2 only b) 1 and 3 only c) 2 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Q3.) Which of the following statements about the BepiColombo Mission is/are correct? BepiColombo is designed to study Mercury’s composition, geology, and magnetic field to understand the planet’s origins and evolution. The BepiColombo mission reached orbit around Mercury in 2024 after conducting six flybys of Earth, Venus, and Mercury. Which among the statement given above is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  7th September 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs  

Sep 9, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 9th September 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   FORUM FOR CHINA-AFRICA COOPERATION (FOCAC)  Syllabus Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: At last week’s Forum on China–Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) summit in Beijing, China stopped short of providing the debt relief sought by many African countries. Background: – The Forum for China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) launched in 2000 took on an enhanced role after the 2013 inception of President Xi Jinping’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). About Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) is a multilateral platform established to foster cooperation and partnership between China and African countries. Member Countries: FOCAC involves China and 53 African countries (all African nations except Eswatini, which recognizes Taiwan). It also includes the African Union (AU). Objectives: Economic Cooperation: Enhancing trade, investment, and infrastructure development. Aid and Development: China provides loans, aid, and development assistance to African countries. Political Cooperation: FOCAC promotes multilateral cooperation on global governance issues. Cultural and Educational Exchanges: Fostering mutual understanding through student exchanges, training programs, and cultural exchanges between China and Africa. Peace and Security: Supporting African efforts to maintain peace and security, with China providing assistance in conflict zones, UN peacekeeping, and military cooperation. Criticisms and Challenges: China has sought to use FOCAC to counter growing competition in Africa from the United States, the European Union, Japan and others. Debt Trap Diplomacy: Critics argue that Chinese loans to African nations may lead to debt dependency, with concerns that some African countries might struggle to repay Chinese debts, resulting in loss of control over key assets. Labor and Environmental Concerns: There have been concerns about the use of Chinese labor for construction projects instead of hiring local African workers, as well as issues related to the environmental impact of certain Chinese-led projects. Lack of Transparency: Some observers have criticized the lack of transparency in the terms of Chinese loans and agreements, raising concerns about governance and accountability in FOCAC-related projects. Source: Reuters PRADHAN MANTRI SCHOOLS FOR RISING INDIA (PM-SHRI)  Syllabus Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: After Punjab, the AAP government in Delhi has also relented under financial pressure and agreed to sign a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Centre to implement the Pradhan Mantri Schools for Rising India (PM-SHRI) scheme in the Capital. Background: – The Education Ministry had stopped funds under the Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), the flagship school education programme, to three Opposition-ruled states — Delhi, Punjab and West Bengal — due to their reluctance to participate in the PM-SHRI scheme. About PM- SHRI Scheme The PM SHRI is a centrally sponsored scheme initiated by the Government of India. Its objective is to establish over 14,500 PM SHRI Schools, overseen by the Central Government, State/UT Governments, local bodies, as well as Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS) and Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti (NVS). These schools aim to create an inclusive and welcoming atmosphere for every student, ensuring their well-being and providing a secure and enriching learning environment. The goal is to offer a diverse range of learning experiences and ensure access to good physical infrastructure and appropriate resources for all students. These schools will not only focus on enhancing cognitive development but also creating holistic and well-rounded individuals equipped with key 21st-century skills. The pedagogy adopted in these schools will be more experiential, holistic, integrated, play/toy-based (particularly in the foundational years), inquiry-driven, discovery-oriented, learner-centred, discussion-based, flexible, and enjoyable. The focus will be on the learning outcomes of every child in every grade. Assessment at all levels will be based on conceptual understanding and application of knowledge to real-life situations and will be competency-based. PM SHRI Schools will help showcase the implementation of the National Education Policy 2020 and emerge as exemplar Schools over a period of time. Current issue States must confirm their participation in PM SHRI by signing a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Education Ministry. Five states — Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Delhi, Punjab and West Bengal — are yet to sign the MoU. While Tamil Nadu and Kerala have indicated their willingness, Delhi, Punjab and West Bengal had earlier refused, prompting the Centre to stop their SSA funds. The AAP-ruled Punjab and Delhi had held out over the implementation of PM-SHRI saying they have their own schemes along similar lines, called Schools of Specialised Excellence in Delhi and Schools of Eminence in Punjab. Both had not received crores worth of SSA funds. Punjab was the first to end the logjam on July 26 when Punjab Education Secretary wrote to Union Education Secretary, expressing willingness to implement the scheme in the state. On September 2, Delhi also relented. Its Secretary (Education) has written saying that Delhi is interested in signing the MoU for establishing PM-SHRI schools in Delhi. With this, West Bengal is now the only state holding out on the implementation of the scheme. The state opposes prefixing ‘PM-SHRI’ to the names of its schools, especially since it bears 40% of the cost. Source: Indian Express INDIA’S STEEL SECTOR  Syllabus Mains : GS 3 Context: Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal recently asked the steel industry to target 500 million tonnes steel production by 2034. Background: The steel industry in India dates back to the early 20th century, with the establishment of Tata Steel in 1907, which was the first integrated steel plant in Asia. Post-independence, the sector grew with the establishment of public sector steel plants. Since the liberalization of the 1990s, there has been significant private sector investment. Indias Global Standing: India is the second-largest producer of steel in the world, after China. In recent years, India’s steel production has exceeded 120 million tonnes per year (2022). Structure and Capacity of the Industry: Integrated Steel Plants (ISPs): These are large steel plants that produce steel from iron ore using blast furnaces and basic oxygen furnaces (BOF). ISPs generally have full-scale operations from raw material processing to finished steel products. Major ISPs include SAIL, Tata Steel, JSW Steel, and JSPL. Mini Steel Plants: These are smaller plants that primarily produce steel by recycling scrap metal in electric arc furnaces (EAF) or induction furnaces (IF). Mini steel plants cater to the demand for long steel products used in construction and local markets. Contribution to the Economy: GDP Contribution: The steel sector contributes about 2% to 3% of India’s GDP. It is a core industry that has a multiplier effect on other sectors such as construction, manufacturing, and transportation. Employment: The sector provides direct and indirect employment to millions of people, including those involved in raw material extraction, steel production, and downstream industries. Exports: India is a significant exporter of steel, with major markets in Europe, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. India also imports certain types of steel, especially specialized steel that is not produced domestically in sufficient quantities. Recent Trends and Developments: Growth in Capacity: India’s steel production capacity has increased significantly in recent years, and the country aims to reach a capacity of 300 million tonnes by 2030, according to the National Steel Policy 2017. National Steel Policy 2017: This policy aims to encourage the domestic steel industry to become self-reliant and globally competitive. Goals include increasing per capita steel consumption to 160 kg by 2030-31 (from about 74 kg currently), making India a global hub for steel production and exports, and promoting environmentally sustainable practices. Infrastructure Push: The Indian government’s focus on infrastructure development, including roads, railways, airports, and smart cities, has boosted demand for steel. As global demand for eco-friendly and low-carbon steel grows, Indian steelmakers are exploring green steel production methods, including hydrogen-based steelmaking, reducing emissions, and increasing the use of scrap metal. Challenges: Raw Material Supply: While India has abundant iron ore, it relies heavily on imported coking coal, making the sector vulnerable to global price fluctuations. Environmental Concerns: Steel production is energy-intensive and generates significant emissions, leading to pressures to adopt cleaner technologies. Competition: Indian steelmakers face competition from global producers, particularly Chinese steelmakers who dominate the global market. Source: Business Standard PUBLIC ACCOUNTS COMMITTEE (PAC)  Syllabus Prelims & Mains : Polity Context: Public Accounts Committee (PAC) is set to conduct a performance review of regulatory bodies established by Acts of Parliament, including the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI). Background: – The review will focus on the effectiveness and efficiency of these bodies in fulfilling their mandates. About Public Accounts Committee (PAC) Public Accounts Committee (PAC) is one of the three Financial Parliamentary committees, the other two are the Estimates Committee and the Committee on Public Undertakings. Parliamentary committees draw their authority from Article 105 (on privileges of Parliament members) and Article 118 (on Parliament’s authority to make rules for regulating its procedure and conduct of business). Establishment: The Public Accounts Committee was introduced in 1921 after its first mention in the Government of India Act, 1919 also called Montford Reforms. The Public Accounts Committee is now constituted every year under Rule 308 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha. Appointment: The Chairman of the Committee is appointed by the Speaker of Lok Sabha. It is to be noted that the Committee, not being an executive body, can only make decisions that are advisory by nature. It presently comprises 22 members (15 members elected by the Lok Sabha Speaker, and 7 members elected by the Rajya Sabha Chairman) with a term of one year only. No Minister can be a member of the Public Accounts Committee (PAC). This rule ensures that the PAC remains independent and unbiased in its scrutiny of government. Key Functions of the PAC: Examine Appropriation Accounts: Reviews the accounts showing the appropriation of the sums granted by the Parliament to meet the government’s expenditure. Audit Reports: Scrutinizes the reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India on the expenditure of the government. Also examines various audit reports on revenue receipts, government expenditure, and accounts of autonomous bodies. Financial Oversight: Ensures that public funds are used efficiently and for the intended purposes. Also checks for any irregularities or deviations from the approved budget. Review of Savings and Excesses: Investigates savings arising from incorrect estimating or procedural defects. It examines any excess expenditure over the approved budget. Accountability: Holds government departments accountable for their financial operations. Ensures that expenditures are made within the “scope of demand” approved by the Parliament. Recommendations: Makes recommendations to improve financial management and accountability. It suggests measures to rectify any identified issues or irregularities. Source: The Hindu INDIA – SINGAPORE BILITERAL RELATIONS  Syllabus Prelims & Mains : CURRENT EVENT Context: Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently met with his Singaporean counterpart, Lawrence Wong, to discuss and strengthen bilateral ties between India and Singapore. Background: – The leaders agreed to elevate the bilateral relationship to a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, reflecting the depth and breadth of their cooperation. Key takeaways Singapore, is an island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It is about one degree of latitude north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bordering the Strait of Malacca to the west, the Singapore Strait to the south along with the Riau Islands in Indonesia, the South China Sea to the east, and the Straits of Johor along with the State of Johor in Malaysia to the north. India and Singapore share a robust and multifaceted relationship, which has evolved significantly over the years. Historical Context Colonial Era: The relationship dates back to 1819 when Sir Stamford Raffles established a trading station in Singapore. Singapore was governed from Kolkata until 1867. Post-Independence: Both countries have maintained strong ties since their independence, with regular political engagement and cooperation. Economic Relations Trade: Singapore is one of India’s largest trading partners, with significant trade volumes. The Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA) signed in 2005 has boosted trade and investment. FDI: Singapore is the largest source of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into India, contributing significantly to various sectors. Strategic and Defence Cooperation Strategic Partnership: In 2015, India and Singapore elevated their relationship to a Strategic Partnership, enhancing cooperation in various fields. Defence: Both countries conduct regular joint military exercises and have strong defence ties, focusing on maritime security and counter-terrorism. Recent Developments Comprehensive Strategic Partnership: Recently, the bilateral relationship was further elevated to a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership. MoUs Signed: During the latest bilateral meeting, four Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) were signed in the fields of digital technologies, semiconductors, health cooperation, and skill development. Cultural and People-to-People Ties Cultural Exchange: The upcoming inauguration of India’s Thiruvalluvar Cultural Centre in Singapore highlights the cultural ties between the two nations. Diaspora: A significant Indian community resides in Singapore, contributing to the vibrant cultural and economic exchanges. Geopolitical Significance Indo-Pacific Region: Both countries share a common vision for a free, open, and inclusive Indo-Pacific region, emphasizing the importance of peace and stability in the South China Sea. ASEAN Relations: Singapore is a key member of ASEAN, and India’s engagement with ASEAN is crucial for its Act East Policy. Source: Indian Express NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY ACT (NFSA), 2013  Syllabus Prelims: CURRENT EVENT Context: The National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013, has brought significant changes to the Public Distribution System (PDS) in India. Background: – The Public Distribution System (PDS) is a crucial component of India’s food security framework. About National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013 The National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013, is a significant legislation in India aimed at ensuring food and nutritional security. Objectives Food and Nutritional Security: The NFSA aims to provide food and nutritional security by ensuring access to adequate quantities of quality food at affordable prices. Human Life Cycle Approach: It covers various stages of life, including children, pregnant women, and lactating mothers. Coverage Rural and Urban Population: The Act covers up to 75% of the rural population and 50% of the urban population, ensuring that a large portion of the population receives subsidized food grains. Priority Households and Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY): Beneficiaries are categorized into Priority Households (PHH) and AAY households. PHH are entitled to 5 kg of food grains per person per month, while AAY households receive 35 kg per household per month. Entitlements Subsidized Food Grains: Food grains are provided at highly subsidized prices: rice at ₹3 per kg, wheat at ₹2 per kg, and coarse grains at ₹1 per kg. Nutritional Support: Special provisions for pregnant women, lactating mothers, and children, including maternity benefits and nutritious meals. Implementation Public Distribution System (PDS): The NFSA is implemented through the Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS), which aims to distribute food grains to eligible households. The Food Corporation of India (FCI) procures food grains from farmers at Minimum Support Prices (MSP). FCI stores and transports food grains to various states. State governments distribute food grains through a network of Fair Price Shops (FPS) to eligible households Grievance Redressal: The Act establishes grievance redressal mechanisms at the district and state levels to address complaints and ensure accountability. Significance Legal Entitlement: The NFSA converts existing food security programs into legal entitlements, ensuring that eligible individuals have a right to receive food grains. Transparency and Accountability: Measures such as digitization of ration cards and online tracking of food grain distribution enhance transparency and reduce corruption. Source: Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) With reference to the Public Accounts Committee (PAC), consider the following statements: The PAC examines the reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India on government expenditure to ensure funds are used as intended. The Chairman of the Committee is appointed by the Speaker of Lok Sabha. No Minister can be a member of the Public Accounts Committee. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only 3 only 2 and 3 only 1,2 and 3 Q2.) Consider the following countries: Malaysia Indonesia Laos Thailand How many of the above-mentioned countries share land border with Singapore? Only one Only two Only three All four Q3.) With reference to the National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013, consider the following statements: The NFSA aims to provide food and nutritional security by ensuring access to adequate quantities of quality food at affordable prices. It covers various stages of life, including children, pregnant women, and lactating mothers. The NFSA is implemented through the Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS), which aims to distribute food grains to eligible households. How many of the above given statements are not correct? Only one Only two All three None Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  9th September 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  6th September – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) –  b Q.2) – d Q.3) – c

Sep 9, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 9th September 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

Sep 7, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 7th September 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

Sep 6, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 6th September 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   GROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION  Syllabus Prelims & Mains – ECONOMY Context: The World bank  projected a decline in investments in Indian economy as captured by Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF). Background: – According to the World Bank, GFCF growth is expected to reduce to 7.8 per cent in FY25, down from 9.0 per cent in FY24. The GFCF growth rate stood at 6.6 per cent in FY23, the data showed. About Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) refers to the net investment by an economy in fixed assets such as buildings, machinery, equipment, and infrastructure during a specific period, typically a year. It is an important indicator of a country’s economic growth and development as it reflects the level of long-term investments made to improve production capacity. Definition: GFCF represents the total value of a country’s investments in fixed assets minus the depreciation (wear and tear) of existing assets. It includes spending on physical assets like factories, roads, bridges, machinery, and technology that are used in the production process. Components of GFCF: Business Investments: Spending by companies on things like buildings, factories, machinery, and technology. Government Investments: Government spending on infrastructure such as roads, schools, hospitals, and public utilities. Household Investments: Spending by households on durable goods like homes (real estate investments). Why is GFCF Important? Economic Growth: Higher GFCF generally indicates that an economy is investing in future production capacity, which can lead to increased economic output (GDP) over time. Productivity and Employment: Investments in new machinery and infrastructure often lead to more efficient production processes, which can improve productivity and create more jobs. Improving Living Standards: Investments in infrastructure like roads, power plants, and schools help improve the overall quality of life for people. GFCF vs. GDP: GFCF is a component of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) under the expenditure method, which calculates GDP as the sum of consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports. While GDP measures the total economic output, GFCF specifically focuses on the portion of that output dedicated to building long-term assets. Types of Fixed Assets: Tangible Assets: These include physical things like buildings, machinery, and equipment. Intangible Assets: Although less common in GFCF, it may also include investments in non-physical assets like patents, software, and research and development. Source: Swarajya UNFCCC LOSS AND DAMAGE FUND  Syllabus Mains – GS 2 & GS 3 Context: Following the recent devastating landslides in Kerala’s Wayanad district, a critical discussion has arisen about whether subnational entities, like states, can seek compensation through the Loss and Damage Fund (LDF) under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Background: – While the demand for access to LDF by states is justifiable, accessing climate funds is far more complex than it appears. Loss and Damage Fund (LDF) Established: At the 2022 UNFCCC Conference (COP27) in Egypt. Purpose: To provide financial support for economic and non-economic losses caused by climate change (e.g., extreme weather events, rising sea levels). Oversight: Managed by a Governing Board, with the World Bank serving as the interim trustee. Access Mechanisms: Currently being developed, including direct access, small grants, and rapid disbursement options. Challenges: Concerns that funds may be slow to disburse, especially for subnational entities and local communities. India’s Role Damage Costs: India incurred over $56 billion in damages from weather-related disasters between 2019 and 2023. Focus on Mitigation: India’s National Climate Action Policy prioritizes mitigation over adaptation, leading to limited engagement in Loss and Damage dialogues at COP meetings. Need for Legal Framework: A clear legal and policy framework is required to streamline climate finance, especially for adaptation and loss and damage. Climate Finance Taxonomy: Introduced in Union Budget 2024, raising hopes for more international climate finance. Advocacy: India should push for decentralised fund disbursement methods from the LDF to ensure better access for vulnerable communities. State-Level Interventions State governments often bear the burden of disaster recovery, as seen in Kerala’s Rebuild Kerala Development Programme after the 2018 floods, funded by loans from international institutions. International Climate Finance: Plays a critical role in rebuilding infrastructure (e.g., roads, bridges) post-disaster. Assessment Gaps: India lacks a standardised method for assessing slow-onset disaster-related damages, which could hinder access to LDF in the future. Conclusion Policy Need: India needs a stronger domestic framework focused on locally led adaptation and clearer guidelines for accessing loss and damage funds to protect vulnerable communities from climate change impacts. Source: Hindu AFRICA AND INDIA’S CRITICAL MINERAL MISSION  Syllabus Mains : GS 2 Context: In the Union Budget 2024-25, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced the establishment of a Critical Mineral Mission. In August, the Ministry of Mines held a seminar to outline the mission’s objectives. The government is actively pursuing various strategies to ensure critical mineral security. Background: India have to collaborate with countries which has a significant amount of the world’s known critical mineral reserves. Indias efforts in critical mineral front The Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2023 amended the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957, with the aim of strengthening the exploration and extraction of critical minerals. The amendment removed 6 minerals from the list of 12 atomic minerals limited to exploration by State agencies (i.e., lithium, beryllium, niobium, titanium, tantalum and zirconium). This opens up opportunities for private sector involvement in their exploration and mining. Khanij Bidesh India Limited (KABIL): To engage with mineral-rich countries overseas with a mandate to secure supply of critical minerals, a joint venture of three public sector undertakings, Khanij Bidesh India Limited (KABIL), was founded in 2019. Lithium Agreement: In January 2024, KABIL signed its first major agreement for lithium exploration and mining, accessing five blocks in Catamarca province, Argentina. Africa in India’s Supply Chain African Mineral Reserves: Africa holds 30% of the world’s known critical mineral reserves, crucial for India’s Critical Mineral Mission. India-Africa Relations: Strong political, economic, and historic ties, including a 3-million-strong Indian diaspora, offer a foundation for collaboration. Trade and Investments: In 2022-23, India-Africa bilateral trade totaled $98 billion, with $43 billion from the mining and mineral sectors. India also invests in African energy assets, sourcing 34 million tonnes of oil from the region. Opportunities: African countries are shifting to value-added mineral processing, which aligns with India’s goals. For example, Tanzania is developing a multi-metal processing facility, and Zimbabwe and Namibia have banned raw mineral exports. China Factor China’s Influence: China dominates the critical minerals value chain, with significant control over cobalt mining in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This poses economic and security risks for India. Collaboration Opportunities Infrastructure Development: Indian companies have completed projects in 43 African countries, such as transmission lines and hospitals. Strategic infrastructure projects can support critical mineral extraction. MoUs with Zambia and Zimbabwe: India has agreements for geological mapping, mineral deposit modeling, and capacity building. Training Programs: India’s Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) program has trained 40,000 Africans, providing a pathway to build a critical mineral workforce. Technology and Startups Role of Indian Startups: Innovating tools for mining exploration, ecological impact reduction, and mineral ore beneficiation. These startups offer niche services that African governments can leverage for value addition. Prioritizing Responsible Practices Value Addition: African leaders emphasize the need for value-added processing to transform lives. India’s Critical Mineral Mission should focus on responsible practices amid the geopolitics of the green energy transition. Challenges: India’s exploration and processing capacity for critical minerals is still developing. It lacks manufacturing capacity for end-use components and needs to upskill its labor force, especially in battery manufacturing. Source: Hindu CENTRALISED PENSION PAYMENT SYSTEM  Syllabus Prelims : CURRENT EVENT Context: The Union Labour Ministry has cleared a proposal for Centralised Pension Payment System (CPPS) for about 78 lakh pensioners under the Employees’ Pension Scheme, 1995. Background: – The CPPS aims to provide a more efficient, seamless, and user-friendly experience for pensioners. About Centralised Pension Payment System The Centralised Pension Payment System (CPPS) is a new initiative by the Indian government to modernize pension disbursements under the Employees’ Pension Scheme (EPS). Unlike the current system, which is as of now decentralised and managed by individual Zonal/Regional Offices of the Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO), the new system CPPS will centralise the pension disbursement at a national level. The new system enables pension disbursement through any bank, any branch across the country. This system is part of the EPFO’s Centralized IT Enabled System (CITES 2.01). The system will enable pensioners to access their pensions without the need for physical verification at bank branches. Key points about CPPS: Nationwide Access: Starting January 1, 2025, pensioners will be able to receive their pensions from any bank, any branch across India. No PPO Transfers: Pensioners will no longer need to transfer Pension Payment Orders (PPOs) when moving or changing banks, addressing long-standing issues faced by retirees. Immediate Pension Credit: Pensions will be credited immediately upon release, with no need for branch visits for verification. Aadhaar-Based Payment System: In the next phase, CPPS will transition to an Aadhaar-based payment system (ABPS), further enhancing efficiency and security. The Employees’ Pension Scheme (EPS) The Employees’ Pension Scheme (EPS), introduced in 1995, is a social security initiative managed by the Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO). Key details: Eligibility: Employees who are members of the EPFO and have completed at least 10 years of service are eligible for EPS benefits. The pension is typically available from the age of 58, with early pension options starting at 50. Contributions: Both the employee and employer contribute 12% of the employee’s basic salary and Dearness Allowance (DA) to the EPF. Out of the employer’s contribution, 8.33% goes to the EPS. Pension Calculation: The pension amount is calculated based on the average salary of the last 60 months and the total years of service. Minimum Pension: The scheme guarantees a minimum monthly pension of ₹1,000, regardless of the contributions made. Benefits: EPS provides a fixed income after retirement, disability pension, and family pension in case of the member’s death. Source: The Hindu FASTER ADOPTION AND MANUFACTURING OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES (FAME) SCHEME  Syllabus Prelims : CURRENT EVENT Context: The Indian government is set to launch the third phase of the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles (FAME-III) scheme within the next two months. Background: – FAME-III will continue the momentum from the previous phases, which significantly increased EV sales and industry participation. The scheme is expected to focus on local manufacturing and sustainable growth in the EV sector. About Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles (FAME) The Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles (FAME) scheme is a significant part of India’s National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP). It aims to promote the adoption of electric and hybrid vehicles in the country through incentives and subsidies. Objectives of FAME: Reduce Vehicular Emissions: To decrease pollution from vehicles and improve air quality. Promote Electric Mobility: Encourage the use of electric and hybrid vehicles. Develop Charging Infrastructure: Establish a widespread network of charging stations. Boost Domestic Manufacturing: Support the local manufacturing of electric vehicles and related components. Phases of FAME: FAME-I (2015-2019) Objective: To promote the use of electric and hybrid vehicles. Incentives: Provided subsidies for electric two-wheelers, three-wheelers, four-wheelers, and buses. Impact: Helped in the initial adoption of EVs and raised awareness about their benefits. FAME-II (2019-2024) Objective: To expand the scope and scale of FAME-I. Incentives: Focused on public and shared transportation, including electric buses, three-wheelers, and four-wheelers. Infrastructure: Emphasized the development of charging infrastructure. Impact: Significant increase in EV sales and infrastructure development. Upcoming FAME-III Objective: To further accelerate EV adoption and local manufacturing. Focus Areas: Likely to include more incentives for local manufacturing, innovation, and sustainable growth in the EV sector. Timeline: Expected to be launched within the next 1-2 months. Source: IBEF EXERCISE VARUNA  Syllabus Prelims: CURRENT EVENT Context: Recently, a P8I aircraft of the Indian Navy has reached France to participate in ‘Exercise Varuna’ with the French Navy. Background: – The P8I Poseidon is a specialized aircraft designed for maritime patrol and reconnaissance missions, playing a crucial role in coastal patrolling, monitoring the seas, anti-submarine warfare, and search-and-rescue missions. About Exercise Varuna Exercise Varuna is an annual bilateral naval exercise between the Indian Navy and the French Navy, reflecting the strategic partnership between India and France. History and Significance Initiation: The exercise began in 1993 and was named ‘Varuna’ in 2001. Purpose: It aims to enhance interoperability, improve coordination, and share best practices between the two navies. Scope and Activities Operations: The exercise includes a wide range of naval operations such as cross-deck operations, replenishment-at-sea, minesweeping, anti-submarine warfare, and information sharing. Phases: Typically conducted in multiple phases, it involves complex tactical manoeuvres and joint operations. Recent Edition (2024) Location: Held in the Mediterranean Sea from September 2 to September 4, 2024. Participants: The Indian Navy deployed the INS Tabar and a P8I Poseidon aircraft, marking the first European deployment of this aircraft. Significance: This edition is notable for being the first time in 63 years that an Indian Navy aircraft operated from a French airbase. Objectives Enhancing Cooperation: The exercise aims to foster mutual cooperation for maintaining good order at sea and ensuring maritime security. Skill Development: It provides an opportunity for both navies to hone their warfighting skills and improve their operational capabilities. Source: Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Exercise Varuna, recently seen in news is an annual bilateral naval exercise between the India and the Australia France Israel Malaysia Q2.) With reference to the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles (FAME), consider the following statements: The Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles scheme aims to promote the adoption of electric and hybrid vehicles in the country through incentives and subsidies. It is a part of India’s National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP). Which of the statements given above is/are not correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q3.) With reference to the Centralised Pension Payment System (CPPS), consider the following statements: CPPS aims to modernize pension disbursements under the Employees’ Pension Scheme (EPS). Under the CPPS pensioners of the country can receive their pension from any bank, any branch, anywhere in the country. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  6th September 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  5th September – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) –  b Q.2) – c Q.3) – a

Sep 6, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 6th September 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here  

Sep 6, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 5th September 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   CRIME AGAINST WOMEN  Syllabus Mains – GS 1 & GS 2 Context: Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently emphasised that atrocities committed against women and the safety of children are a serious concern in society. Background: – The United Nations defines violence against women as “any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual, or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life”. Status of Crimes Against Women in India as per NCRB Data (2022): Total cases: 4,45,256 (4% increase from 2021). Main categories: The majority of cases under crime against women were registered under ‘cruelty by husband or his relatives’ at 31.4 per cent followed by kidnapping and abduction of women at 19.2 per cent assault on women with intent to outrage her modesty at 18.7 per cent and rape at 7.1 per cent. Cyber crimes against women – cyber pornography/ hosting/ publishing obscene sexual material – accounted for 14,409 cases (21.8 per cent). The crime rate registered per lakh women population was 66.4 in 2022 compared to 64.5 in 2021. There are various types of violence faced by women, such as: Femicide: It is the deliberate killing of a woman or a girl simply because she is female. Gender-based violence can also encompass honor killings, which involve the murder of a family member due to the belief that the individual has brought shame upon the family. Sexual Violence: According to UN Women, Sexual violence is any sort of harmful or unwanted sexual behaviour that is imposed on someone. It includes acts of abusive sexual contact, forced engagement in sexual acts, attempted or completed sexual acts with a woman without her consent, sexual harassment, verbal abuse, threats, exposure, unwanted touching, incest, and others. Sexual violence can include sexual harassment, rape, corrective rape, and other forms of sexual assault. Domestic Violence: Section 3 of the Domestic Violence Act, 2005 (DV Act), defines domestic violence as any act, omission, commission or conduct of the respondent that harms or injures or endangers the health, safety, life, limb or well-being, whether mental or physical, of the aggrieved person or tends to do so and includes causing physical abuse, sexual abuse, verbal and emotional abuse and economic abuse. Technology-facilitated Violence: Cyberbullying, doxing, non-consensual sexting, image-based abuse. Child Marriage: Early marriage leading to health risks and reduced decision-making power for girls. Legal Frameworks for Women’s Safety in India Constitutional Provisions: Article 14: Equal rights and opportunities. Article 15: Prohibits gender-based discrimination. Article 15(3): Special provisions for women. Article 16: Equal job opportunities. Article 39(c): Equal pay for equal work. Article 42: Just and humane working conditions, maternity relief. Article 51(A)(e): Renounce practices derogatory to women’s dignity. Key Acts: PoSH Act, 2013: Sexual harassment prevention at workplaces. Domestic Violence Act, 2005: Protection from abuse by partners/family members. POCSO Act, 2012: Protection of children from sexual offences. Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961: Criminalizes dowry demands. Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1976: Raises legal marriage age (18 for girls, 21 for boys). National Commission for Women Act, 1990: Established NCW to safeguard women’s rights. Source: Indian Express CENTER, TRIPURA SIGN PEACE PACT WITH TWO INSURGENT GROUP  Syllabus Mains – GS 3 Context: Over 328 cadres of the National Liberation Front of Tripura (NLFT) and the All Tripura Tiger Force (ATTF) will give up arms after the banned insurgent outfits signed a memorandum of settlement with the Central and Tripura Governments. Background: – Tripura has experienced prolonged insurgency driven by ethnic tensions, political instability, and socio-economic challenges. Key takeaways The roots of the conflict date back to the early 20th century, but insurgency in its organized form began in the 1960s and escalated in the 1980s. The main cause of insurgency was the demographic change in Tripura caused by the large-scale migration of Bengalis from East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) after the Partition in 1947. This migration led to the indigenous tribal population feeling politically marginalized and economically dispossessed. Major Insurgent Groups Sengkrak: The first insurgent group in Tripura, Sengkrak, was formed in 1967. Though it did not last long, it laid the foundation for future insurgent movements by voicing the concerns of the indigenous tribal people. Tripura National Volunteers (TNV) (1978): The TNV accused the Indian government of neglecting tribal rights and opposed the influx of Bengali migrants. The TNV signed a peace accord with the government in 1988, which led to its disbandment. National Liberation Front of Tripura (NLFT) (1989): One of the most notorious insurgent groups in Tripura, the NLFT was formed with the goal of establishing an independent Tripuri state. It operated from sanctuaries in Bangladesh. All Tripura Tiger Force (ATTF) :Formed in 1990, the ATTF aimed to expel Bengali migrants from Tripura and restore tribal rights. Like the NLFT, it also operated from bases in Bangladesh. By the late 2000s, it had become largely inactive due to internal splits, desertions, and counter-insurgency operations. Key Phases of the Insurgency Early Insurgency (1960s–1970s): The insurgency began with the formation of groups like Sengkrak, which focused on protecting tribal identity and opposing the influx of Bengali settlers. This phase was characterized by sporadic violence and political movements aimed at protecting tribal land rights. Escalation in the 1980s–1990s: The late 1980s and early 1990s saw a sharp rise in insurgent activity, as groups like the NLFT and ATTF became more organized and militant. Insurgents launched attacks on security forces, carried out kidnappings, and imposed “taxes” on civilians. This period was the most violent. Counter-Insurgency Efforts and Decline (Late 1990s–2000s): The Indian government responded to the insurgency with a combination of military action and peace initiatives. The Tripura State Rifles (TSR), a specialized paramilitary force, played a key role in counter-insurgency operations. The Left Front government, led by the Communist Party of India (Marxist), adopted a mix of force and incentives to reduce insurgent violence. Several insurgent leaders surrendered in exchange for economic rehabilitation packages, which included an immediate grant of Rs. 1.5 lakh, vocational training, and a monthly stipend of Rs. 2,000. These measures significantly weakened insurgent groups and led to a sharp decline in violence. Factors Behind the Decline of Insurgency Government Rehabilitation Programs: The government offered lucrative rehabilitation packages to surrender, which included financial grants, vocational training, and employment opportunities. Development Initiatives: The government focused on economic development and infrastructure in Tripura, which helped address some of the grievances of the tribal population, including unemployment and lack of access to basic services. Counter-Insurgency Operations: The Indian Army, Border Security Force (BSF), and the TSR launched coordinated counter-insurgency operations, effectively dismantling insurgent camps and cutting off supply lines from Bangladesh. Improved Relations with Bangladesh: Cooperation between India and Bangladesh played a crucial role in curbing insurgency. The Bangladesh government, particularly under Sheikh Hasina, cracked down on insurgent bases and reduced the ability of groups like the NLFT and ATTF to operate from across the border. Source: Indian Express GENOME MAPPING  Syllabus Prelims & Mains : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC) has published the only fully mapped genome of the Chandipura Vesiculovirus (CHPV) — the viral infection that caused at least a third of the encephalitis or brain swelling cases in Gujarat during the outbreak in July-August. Background: Chandipura is a viral infection that can lead to outbreaks of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) or brain swelling. It is known to cause fever, headache, and encephalitis leading to convulsions, coma, and death, usually within a few days of the symptoms showing up. What is Genome Mapping? Genome mapping is the process of finding the specific locations of genes on each chromosome. It is akin to creating a map that helps scientists navigate the genome, much like how a city map helps people find their way around. Steps in Genome Mapping Sample Collection: DNA is extracted from the cells of the organism being studied. Marker Identification: Identifying genetic markers, which are known sequences of DNA that vary among individuals. Mapping: Using genetic or physical mapping techniques to determine the positions of these markers on the chromosomes. Data Analysis: Analyzing the data to create a map that shows the relative or absolute positions of genes and markers. Applications of Genome Mapping Disease Research: Genome mapping provides important clues on where a virus comes from, how it is changing, and whether it has any mutations that are likely to make it more transmissible or deadly. Sequencing viral genomes helps researchers keep an eye on viruses that may lead to outbreaks in the future. Agriculture: Assists in breeding programs by identifying genes responsible for desirable traits in crops and livestock. Evolutionary Biology: Provides insights into the genetic relationships and evolutionary history of different species. Notable Projects Human Genome Project: One of the most significant genome mapping projects, which aimed to map the entire human genome. It provided a foundation for many advances in genetics and medicine. 1000 Genomes Project: Aimed to create a detailed map of human genetic variation by sequencing the genomes of a large number of people from different populations Source: Indian Express E SHRAM PORTAL  Syllabus Prelims & Mains: ECONOMY Context: The Ministry of Labour & Employment (MoLE) has recently reported that the eShram portal has registered over 30 crore unorganised workers. Background: – This significant milestone highlights the portal’s widespread adoption among workers in the unorganised sector, including migrant workers, gig workers, agricultural workers, and many others. About eShram portal The eShram portal was launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment on August 26, 2021. The eShram portal aims to create a comprehensive national database of unorganised workers to facilitate the delivery of social security and welfare schemes. This initiative is a crucial step towards ensuring better access to benefits and protections for these workers. Key Benefits for Migrant Workers: Comprehensive Registration: Migrant workers can register themselves on the portal, ensuring they are included in the national database of unorganised workers. Family Details: The portal captures family details of migrant workers, which can be crucial for accessing various welfare schemes. Access to Social Security: By registering on eShram, migrant workers can easily access social security benefits and welfare schemes designed for unorganised workers. Job Opportunities: Integration with the National Career Service (NCS) Portal allows migrant workers to search for suitable job opportunities using their Universal Account Number (UAN). Skill Development: The portal is linked with the Skill India Digital portal, providing migrant workers with opportunities for skill enhancement and apprenticeships. Pension Scheme: Migrant workers aged between 18-40 years can register for the Pradhan Mantri Shram-Yogi Maandhan (PM-SYM) pension scheme using their UAN. Government Schemes: Through integration with the My Scheme portal, migrant workers can discover and apply for various government schemes they are eligible for. Source: PIB DRUG REPURPOSING  Syllabus Prelims : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: Researchers have been exploring the potential of repurposing existing drugs, including antidepressants, for cancer management. Background: – This research group has shown that Selegiline (L-deprenyl), an antidepressant drug from a class of drugs called monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, might be applied as anticancer therapeutics for breast cancer. About Drug Repurposing Drug repurposing, also known as drug repositioning or reprofiling, involves identifying new therapeutic uses for existing or investigational drugs. It is the technique of using an existing drug or drug candidate for a new treatment or medical condition for which it was not indicated before. The goal of drug repurposing is to quickly identify compounds with an established safety profile and known therapeutic advantages that may prove efficacious for other indications. Benefits of Drug Repurposing: Cost-Effective: Utilizes existing drugs with known safety profiles, reducing the need for extensive safety testing. Faster Development: Can expedite the process of bringing treatments to market, especially in urgent situations like the COVID-19 pandemic. Broad Applications: Effective for a wide range of conditions, including rare diseases, oncology, and infectious diseases. Examples of Successful Drug Repurposing: Sildenafil (Viagra): Originally developed for hypertension, later found effective for erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. Thalidomide: Initially used for morning sickness, repurposed for leprosy and multiple myeloma. Challenges: Regulatory Hurdles: Navigating the regulatory landscape for new indications can be complex. Intellectual Property Issues: Patent and exclusivity concerns may arise when repurposing drugs. Source: DST AGRI FUND FOR START-UPS & RURAL ENTERPRISES (AGRISURE)  Syllabus Prelims: ECONOMY Context: Recently, the union minister for Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare and Rural Development launched the AgriSURE Scheme in New Delhi. Background: – This scheme is part of the government’s broader efforts to empower farmers and boost the agricultural sector, ensuring increased production, reduced costs, and better prices for farmers. About AgriSURE Agri Fund for Start-ups & Rural Enterprises (AgriSURE)Fund is an innovative fund which is a pioneering step toward revolutionizing the agricultural landscape in India. The AgriSURE Fund is a financial initiative aimed at supporting agricultural start-ups and rural enterprises in India. It is a collaborative initiative between the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare and the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD). The fund aims to support agricultural start-ups and rural enterprises by providing financial assistance through a blended capital fund of ₹750 crore.It provides both equity and debt support to agritech start-ups and agripreneurs. It targets high-risk, high-impact activities across the agriculture value chain. AgriSURE Fund is registered as a Category-II Alternative Investment Fund (AIF) with SEBI. Objectives: Investment-Friendly Climate: Create an environment conducive to investment for start-ups in agriculture and allied activities. Growth Acceleration: Accelerate the growth of start-ups within the agricultural ecosystem. Capital Commitments: Increase and sustain capital commitments to sector-specific AIFs. Encouraging Entrepreneurs: Support young entrepreneurs with innovative, technology-driven ideas. Liquidity Provision: Provide liquidity to existing agri and agri-tech start-ups. Linkage Systems: Strengthen the farm produce value chain. Access to Technology: Enable FPOs, FPCs, and Primary Cooperative Societies to access the latest farm technologies. Employment Opportunities: Create additional employment opportunities for rural and urban youth. Youth Retention and Encouragement: Retain and encourage youth in agriculture. Investment Attraction: Attract more investment into the agri and rural start-up ecosystem. Target Beneficiaries: The fund aims to support about 85 start-ups by the end of its life, with variable ticket sizes of up to ₹25 crore. Beneficiaries include start-ups in sectors like agritech, food processing, animal husbandry, fisheries, supply chain management, farm mechanisation, biotechnology, waste management, renewable energy, and more. Source: PIB Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) With reference to the Agri Fund for Start-ups & Rural Enterprises (AgriSURE)Fund, consider the following statements: The AgriSURE Fund is a collaborative initiative between the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare and the SEBI. AgriSURE Fund is registered as a Category-II Alternative Investment Fund (AIF) with SEBI. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q2.) Consider the following statements: Drug repurposing is the technique of using an existing drug or drug candidate for a new treatment or medical condition for which it was not indicated before. The goal of drug repurposing is to quickly identify compounds with an established safety profile and known therapeutic advantages that may prove efficacious for other indications. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q3.) Consider the following statements about the eShram portal: The eShram portal was launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment. It aims to create a comprehensive national database of organised workers to facilitate the delivery of social security and welfare schemes. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  5th September 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  4th September – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) –  d Q.2) – d Q.3) – c

Sep 5, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 5th September 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here