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IASbaba’s 60 Day Plan- Prelims Test 2018 ECONOMICS & CURRENT AFFAIRS [Day 51]

Hello Friends,  The 60 Days Training has finally begun:) Before any competition, there is a preparatory phase. That phase involves a lot of sessions on strengths and weaknesses. Throughout the preparatory phase, the athletes train in a gradual manner. In the last phase, just before the actual competition, the training is done so as to sharpen their skills. This training requires complete focus and dedication. In this phase, the athletes do not try anything new or train in a new fashion rather focus on sharpening of skills, focusing on strength and precision. Similarly, the upcoming 60 days, is like the last phase (training session), just before the actual competition. Here, the focus should be on sharpening the concepts, consolidating the knowledge base and solidifying the learning with loads and loads of revision. CLICK HERE TO READ FULL DETAILS AND SOLVE QUESTIONS

Topper's From IASbaba

Download Essay and Answer Copies of (IASbaba's ILP Student) Apurva Pandey, Rank 39 UPSC CSE 2017 and her Preparation Strategy

Please find below the Preparation Strategy of our ILP Student Apurva Pandey, Rank 39 and General Studies and Essay Answer Copies  She was also a regular follower of TLP Answer writing initiative of IASbaba. Apurva Pandey is/was better known as 'Veracity' and here she also discusses about the importance of strong peer group in the likes of @TheCredibleHulk, @Abhijit(ABG), @Heidi and @Toadsage Hello friends, My name is Apurva Pandey and I have secured AIR 39 in UPSC Civil Service Examination 2017. I live in Haldwani, the gateway to the hills of Kumaon, far away from the bustling lanes of ORN and Mukharjee Nagar, both literally and figuratively. I would have never thought of staying here and preparing for the civil services examination but for the great online revolution in this field spearheaded by the likes of IASBaba. Needless to say that today, I stand grateful and indebted to IASbaba for my success in UPSC CSE 2017. From excitedly reading and commenting on topper strategies on the internet to writing one myself, it has indeed been a transformative couple of years for me. But today, as I sit down to write my strategy I realise how daunting a task this can be. I remember being naive and taking every word a topper said very seriously, comparing myself to them, then getting upset over it and finally spending the rest of the day wondering if I will ever make it. It was only after sometime that I realised that each one of us is unique and will thus experience a unique journey. So if you are reading this and feel that your journey is not quite the same as mine, then do not get flustered. Have faith in yourself, pick up parts that you think might work for you and forget about the rest as you get back to studying. :) Association with IASBaba: When I first decided to prepare for the civil services examination, I was a third year B. Tech student, 100% sure of a bleak future in engineering. I first came across IASbaba sometime in 2015 when they were also beginning, just like I was. I was quick to start following their initiatives, especially  TLP. The first answer I ever wrote was on TLP, and surprisingly enough, the review that I got from Baba was not half as bad as I had expected. That was when I decided to stop wondering whether I have it in me or not, and just get to business. Even though I couldn't take much time out for studying while in college, I tried to write on TLP at every possible opportunity. I would eagerly await reviews and was lucky enough to find a community of fellow aspirants from whom I learned a whole lot. Special mentions would be @TheCredibleHulk, @Abhijit(ABG), @Heidi and @Toadsage. In fact @TheCredibleHulk pretty much became a mentor to me and I will never be able to thank him enough for his kindness and wisdom that completely turned the course of my life. I still remember the first time my answer was chosen best answer on TLP. I was crazy happy, it was a great boost to my confidence and I have no qualms in saying that the kind of response I got on TLP helped me become more sure about myself, my strategy and my decision to prepare from my hometown. Other initiatives of IASBaba that I participated in were the 60 day plan, ILP-2016 & PIB summaries , and each helped me inch closer towards my dream in some way or the other. But what I am most grateful to IASBaba for, is for holding my hand and showing me the way when  I was absolutely clueless, for being my mentor at the very start of my journey, for every pat on the back and every honest correction. Thank you for everything IASBaba. I would credit you completely for my transformation from a clueless girl who could never write an answer in 250 words to a more confident one who managed to complete all GS papers well within time in Mains 2017! Background: I did my bachelors in mechanical engineering from Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology and graduated in 2016. Since I was determined about not giving more than 3 serious attempts in this exam, I decided to appear in 2016 itself for getting to know the exam better, since I was anyway going to waste 3 attempts. It was of course a disaster given my level of preparation but gave me a scare that kept pushing me everytime I got complacent. So I got back home from college and spent the next one year preparing religiously for CSE 2017, and fortunately got through this time.  :) Strategy: Since marks are not out yet, I am not sure of what worked exactly. Nevertheless, here is my strategy and I hope it can be of help. Prelims: I hope I am not alone in thinking that prelims is the most difficult stage in CSE. I am not even exaggerating when I say that ,for me, the best part about making it to the list is not having to sit for prelims again. I am sure I scored only enough to get me past the cutoff, yet my two cents on preparation for prelims is as follows. Be thourogh with the basic books. Everybody knows the important NCERTs, everybody knows about Lakshmikant and spectrum. Point is doing these books again and again till you gain an absolute mastery on the static part. Mock tests. The importance of mock tests has been highlighted time and again by many. Solve as many mock tests as possible, and revise till you feel confident. While solving mocks, also develop your personal strategy for dealing with prelims. Try and infer what kind of question paper makes you feel confident enough to go 80+ in attempts or what kind of question paper demands you to be conservative. Identify your strong areas and weaknesses and schedule your study for the last two months accordingly. Pick up trends. I cannot highlight enough the importance of picking up trends. Go through previous year papers to gauge what areas are trending and require special attention. For instance, questions from Buddhism & Jainism figure in the paper almost every year, questions on national parks/wildlife sanctuaries, maps etc are common. So pick up these trends and work accordingly. This exercise is especially helpful during the last two months. While the rest of the year can be devoted to holistic coverage, in the last two months before prelims, you have to be selective and strategise your study smartly. Current affairs. You can prepare you own notes out of newspapers or go through compilations made available by different institutes. Whatever you do, trust you source and revise as much as possible. I personally found compilations very helpful in this regard. Finally, do not let your test marks affect you any more than pushing you to work harder. Stress takes away confidence, and confidence is key to doing well in prelims. So learn from tests and move on. Trust me, most people who make it to the list have their bad days where they don't score well in mocks. Let mistakes be learnings and not distractions. Grey areas: Art and culture: I read this part from NCERT Fine arts, Ancient history and selective reading of Nitin Singhania's book on Art and culture. Science and Technology: Relied mostly on Current affairs compilations from IASbaba. Being a PCMB student in plus two, I did not find it necessary to check out the few prelims-relevant chapters in NCERTs of Biology and Chemistry. Environment: Selective reading of Shankar IAS book, since there's a lot there that is not quite necessary in my opinion. To figure out how to read selectively, one must go through previous year question papers, detect the pattern and use it to extract prelims-relevant information from these bulky books. I also relied on current affairs compilations for this part. Mains: I feel more confident sharing my strategy for mains as I completely loved this stage. However, in my opinion, one has to strike a careful balance of several factors to score well in mains. Since marks are not out, I think it's only fair to give a general strategy for GS than elaborating on each paper separately. 1. Content: Your years of hardwork is pointless unless you can show it to the examiner on paper. Therefore, I think our content should be such so that the examiner is convinced that we have studied hard and know stuff. For this we must quote reports and committees, put in data, cite examples, refer to current developments etc. Of course one cannot read all reports and learn all kinds of data. Here again lies the importance of picking up trends. For instance, cyber security, subsidies, mob violence, river interlinking, privacy etc were really trending before mains. I was expecting questions on these and so had certain facts from reports/ committee recommendations jotted on a piece of paper. I did not read entire reports, simply googled and found facts & recommendations that were simple enough for me to remember. Then apart from current hot-topics, one must also keep an eye for all-time hot topics. These include topics like climate change, inclusive growth, Indo-China relations, Panchayati Raj, agriculture etc. You can ready some data, recommendations, committees, and innovations in these too. In fact, if time permits, it is best to go through all topics in the syllabus and jot down data on each one of them in not more than half a sheet. Revise it before the exam, and impress the examiner with the apparent wide range of your knowledge. However, all this only after you have covered your basic books and are doing your newspapers properly. Quoting data & committee recommendations cannot compensate for lack of analysis. There is no shortcut or trick to bettering your analytical skills and the only way is hard work and sincere study.The aforementioned is only to make more attractive what you have, the foundation lies in focused study and not in quick google searches. 2. Presentation: The examiner checks several copies a day and we must try our best to ensure that our answer script stands out. If our content is great then there is no way it will not stand out, but good presentation makes this content more readable, catchy and emphatic, thus directly impacting the examiner's impression of us. A few things that can be done to better presentation are: 1. Presentation  a) Introduction and Conclusion b) Break down the answer in parts if the question is in parts. c) Use of heading/subheading for better organisation and visibility of content d) Use of flow charts, diagrams, maps for greater clarity. It also helps break monotony and makes the copy interesting to the examiner. e) Underlining important points, for eg any committee or report name that you may have mentioned f) Simplicity in answering. Language should be simple, not very flowery or complicated. If the examiner has to put in extra effort to understand your answer, it does not bode well for your marks. g) Concluding answer on a positive note, maybe with some kind of solution. For instance, I ended many of my answers with 'Way forward', listing few good solutions or recommendations. h) You must also try to begin your Essay on an interesting note, with some quote or story or poetry so as to capture the interest of the examiner at the very outset. i) Practise. All the points mentioned above cannot be implemented in the actual exam without prior practice. Remember, the more we sweat in practice, the less we bleed in war. 2. Time management: I, for one, struggled a lot with time management. When I first started writing full length tests post-prelims, I could only do around 14-15 questions in 3 hours. Then I starting solving questions on hour-basis, setting my target to 6 per hour. I practised this way one hour every day, while solving full lengths weekly. I also used flowcharts and wrote point wise to better the situation. My speed improved considerably by the time mains arrived, although I still ended up leaving 35 marks worth in Optional paper 1 due to speed issues. 3. Optional: It is important to devote to your optional as much time as possible. Choice of optional must be based on how much the syllabus interests you. If you are sure that you enjoy your optional enough to spend lots of time on it, then nothing else should matter. I found PSIR interesting, and I really felt that I could manage it on my own so I chose it without any second thoughts. Here again, answer writing is important. I joined Shubhra Ranjan mam's online test series for the same. I also purchased her notes since many toppers had recommended that, but for me reading directly from notes did not help gain the kind of insight and confidence that I thought I needed. So I purchased all the recommended texts for various parts of the syllabus and read them religiously. Reading these texts not only gave me a better understanding of the subject, but also helped me understand how exactly should a student of political science write. For PSIR, I read an excellent strategy article by Ananya Das ma'am that really helped me a lot. I would advise all those who have this optional to go through it at least once. Finally, Whatever you do, never lose hope. Because no matter how well prepared they are, nobody is absolutely sure of their selection. Not one time during the course of my preparation, did I think I would get a rank as good as 39. I was alsways full of self doubt and fear, but yes, I never stopped studying. I just thought that study never really goes waste and if not here then somewhere else, my learning will help me make a mark.So if you feel low, or if you feel that you are falling behind, then remember that  those who get selected also face similar fears. More often than not, this fear pushes us to work hard and so your fear is not entirely a bad thing. Of course, luck does have a major role  to play. But for your luck to work, you need to be well past a certain threshold. We must focus our energies on working hard and reaching that threshold, so that luck, if any, can get to play its role. This exam is a year long process in itself, and so please don't overwhelm yourself with its preparation. Take breaks, watch movies, talk to people who make you feel better, just don't stop living your life. It is after all just another exam in the great series of exams that life is. I wish all of you good luck and a very happy, fulfilling journey. Download - Essay_Apurva_Pandey_39 Esssay Topic: "The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others" Download - GS Answers_Apurva_Pandey_39  Thank you Apurva Pandey (Veracity)   IASbaba's Toppers from CSE-2017– Click Here

RSTV Video

RSTV- The Big Picture : Securing India’s Energy Needs

Securing India’s Energy Needs Archives TOPIC: General Studies 2: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests General Studies 3: Infrastructure: Energy In News: Marking the growing prominence of India in the global energy map, the 16th International Energy Forum Ministerial (IEF16) is being hosted by India at New Delhi. International Energy Forum (IEF) Aims to foster greater mutual understanding and awareness of common energy interests among its members Its 72 member countries are signatories to the IEF Charter, which outlines the framework of the global energy dialogue through this inter-governmental arrangement. Apart from them, 20 countries are also participating in this meeting as special invitees. Covering six continents and accounting for around 90 per cent of global supply and demand for oil and gas, the IEF is unique in that it comprises not only consuming and producing countries of the IEA and OPEC, but also Transit States and major players outside of their memberships, including Argentina, China, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa. Theme: "The Future of Global Energy Security - Transition, Technology, Trade and Investment" India’s Energy Needs: Prime Minister Modi Called for A mutually supportive relationship between producers and consumers Optimal use of the neutral platform of the IEF to build a global consensus on ‘responsible pricing’, that serves the mutual interests of both producers and consumers Said Country’s refineries are on track to meet the ambitious target to produce clean and affordable fuel by April 2020 India’s energy consumption will grow 4.5 percent every year for the next 25 years. There is a need for a more transparent and flexible market for the oil and gas sectors. India imports 80 percent of its oil needs and is the third largest oil consumer in the entire world. The efforts at artificially distorting oil prices were self-destructing and affected developing countries like India. Thus, it is in the interest of oil producers that consuming markets grow. India’s energy vision comprises of four pillars – Energy access Energy efficiency Energy sustainability Energy security India needs to – Establish an integrated planning process that factors in the implications of decisions concerning fossil fuels on renewables and vice versa, and develop a policy mindset that enables the fulfillment of short-term objectives without compromising longer-term goals. Correct the imbalances in the energy value chain, to minimize avoidable losses and create a unified energy market. Redesign and restructure the institutions of energy governance to enable and facilitate holistic energy planning and an integrated energy market. As a first step in that direction, the government should consider legislating an omnibus “energy responsibility and security act”. This will raise public awareness on the interconnections between the various components of energy and between energy and the rest of the economy. Cities are the reasons for surging energy demand and air pollution. The government should devolve the energy administration of cities to an autonomous and constitutionally safeguarded “city energy ombudsman”. These ombudsmen should be empowered to tackle issues related to energy efficiency, demand conservation, waste management, urban redesign and transportation and to develop and implement focused, small-scale and distributed solutions. There is a need to invest in supportive infrastructure, regulations, skills and innovation. While CNG buses have been introduced in various cities, the only way for a totally emissions-free public transport is by going all electric. Energy security would mean our ability to manufacture the full value chain in solar panels far more than getting access to equity oil or gas anywhere in the world. The sooner we match China's capacities in producing solar panels and storage batteries for electric cars, we will be better placed in handling our energy security in the years to come. Niti Aayog must carry out a detailed study on what will be required to shift from the incumbent fossil fuel energy system to a “clean energy” system. Refer Mindmap: Link 1 + Link 2

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs [Prelims + Mains Focus] - 9th May 2018

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs (Prelims + Mains Focus)- 9th May 2018 Archives (PRELIMS+MAINS FOCUS) Animal-free testing for drugs Part of: GS Prelims and Mains II and III – Role of CSO/NGOs; Environment and Biodiversity In News: Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) approves modern animal-free testing for drugs. IPC replaces the pyrogen test and the abnormal toxicity test carried out on animals with tests that can be done in test tubes. New testing methodology – IPC suggests bacterial endotoxin test or a monocyte activation test which can be carried out in test tubes. (Animal-free testing) Why this decision? IPC’s decision is a step towards animal safety – it would spare animals from suffering due to drug experiments. Role of NGO/CSO - People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) has been pushing for doing away with the cruel methods of testing on animals Pic link: http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article23815683.ece/alternates/FREE_660/guinea%20pigcol About: Pyrogen test The pyrogen test is carried out to check impurity or substance that can cause adverse side-effects. For the test, the drug is injected into a rabbit and the animal is closely observed for feverish symptoms. Abnormal toxicity test The abnormal toxicity test is carried out to check potential hazardous biological contamination in vaccine formulations. Important Value Additions: About Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) IPC is an Autonomous Institution of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. IPC is created to set standards of drugs in the country. Its basic function is to update regularly the standards of drugs commonly required for treatment of diseases prevailing in this region. It further promotes rational use of generic medicines by publishing National Formulary of India. Article link: Commission approves modern animal-free testing for drugs - The Hindu UN Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific 2018 Part of: GS Prelims and Mains III – Economy and World Affairs; International Organizations In News: Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific 2018 – is the latest flagship publication of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP). UN report on the Asia-Pacific region has urged – regional powers to invest in inclusive and sustainable growth regional countries to take advantage of high growth rate and share the benefits with the national society The report described South and Southwest Asia as the fastest growing sub-region of the Asia-Pacific region and urged the countries to increase social spending. For less developed countries, the role of external sources of finance, such as official development assistance, South-South cooperation, and global development partnerships... remains critical. The report was launched at the Indian Council for Research in International Economic Relations (ICRIER) Important Value Additions: The Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific 2018 contains an examination of how Governments of countries in the Asia-Pacific region could increase domestic public financial resources and leverage private capital to strengthen their long-term economic prospects. Article link: UN report for social inclusion Cyclone Mora and Cyclone Ockhi Part of: GS Prelims and Mains III - Disaster and disaster management. In News: Defence Minister Nirmala Sitharaman highlighted the Navy’s responses to numerous crisis situations around the IOR in the last year (esp. during Cyclone Mora and Ockhi). Important Value Additions: Cyclone Mora Mora was a strong tropical cyclone that caused widespread impacts by devastation and severe flooding across Sri Lanka, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Northeast India in May 2017. Mora developed from an area of low pressure over the southeastern Bay of Bengal. Cyclone Ockhi Cyclone Ockhi was named by Bangladesh after the Bengali word for "eye" and is considered to be the most intense cyclone to transverse the Arabian Sea since 2015's Cyclone Megh that affected Oman, Somalia and Yemen, killing 18 people. Originating near Sri Lanka over the Bay of Bengal on November 29, Cyclone Ockhi moved over the Arabian Sea via Kanyakumari, triggering heavy rains and high speed wind. Do you know? According to weather reports and experts, the coastal region of Bangladesh is prone to storm surges and that the topography along with high population density has earlier resulted in eight out of the top ten 'deadliest' cyclones to originate in the Bay of Bengal. Frequency of the cyclones is lower in Arabian sea when compared to Bay of Bengal Bay of Bengal being a closed and a smaller water body, it has higher surface temperature compared to Arabian sea. North Western region of Pacific ocean has the highest proportion of global tropical cyclones. These cyclones which originate in the Pacific ocean start moving towards south western direction and finally reach Bay of Bengal. But by the time they reach, they almost lose their energy and only remnants of cyclones reach Bay of Bengal. Similarly the cyclones originated in Bay of Bengal reach Arabian sea but only remnants of cyclones after shedding their energy while traversing over the peninsular landmass. (MAINS FOCUS) NATIONAL/SECURITY TOPIC:General Studies 3: North East Issues – Nagaland Issue Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security. Challenges to internal security through communication networks Security challenges and their management in border areas; linkages of organized crime with terrorism. Forging peace in Nagaland Important Note: For those who are not aware of Nagaland issue, IASbaba recommends you to read our old article - NAGALAND ISSUE: FULL STORY After reading above article, one should be aware of the following – Why Nagaland issue originated? Basic idea of Naga National Council (NNC), Naga Federal Government (NFG) and Naga Federal Army (NFA) Failure of 1967 Peace Mission 1975 Shillong Accord Thuingaleng Muivah and group refuses to accept Shillong Accord – Formation of National Socialist Council of Nagaland in 1980 1988 Split - National Socialist Council of Nagaland split into NSCN (IM) and NSCN (K) NSCN (IM) and NSCN (K) 1997 ceasefire agreement with NSCN (IM) Naga Framework Agreement, 2015 Key Pointers from Editorial: We know that, on Aug 3, 2015, Framework Agreement was signed between Union government and the National Socialist Council of Nagalim (Isak-Muivah), or NSCN-IM. Idea of a pan-Naga Hoho (a proposed statutory body as part of the Framework Agreement) that will enjoy independent executive and budgetary powers to look after the welfare of Naga inhabited areas outside Nagaland – has raised expectations among the Naga people but also apprehension in neighbouring Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Manipur. Neighbouring states that have been created after due consideration of a number of factors and their geographical boundaries clearly mapped out can hardly be expected to take kindly to any attempt at rearranging those boundaries. The editorial deals with few questions – Why should National Socialist Council of Nagalim (Isak-Muivah) headed by a Tangkhul Naga decide the future of the Nagas of Nagaland vide the Framework Agreement? Why large sections of the population have no say? So what democracy are they talking about? Why NSCN-IM? NSCN-IM had, for several decades, used the gun to silence its detractors, and indulged in large-scale extortion and imposed its diktat on the Nagas. It has also tried to sabotage platforms such as the Forum for Naga Reconciliation for alternative discourses on the peace process. But to be fair to the NSCN-IM, its leaders have remained steadfast to the goal of wresting an “honourable settlement” for the Naga people from the Government of India. Moreover, even today the tribes of this region are not influenced by the “Indian” culture. They are proud inheritors of a unique culture. The Nagas contend that they never signed the Instrument of Accession to India (which the Khasi chieftains of present-day Meghalaya and the Maharajahs of Manipur and Tripura did) and hence cannot be made prisoners to a Constitution they never had a hand in crafting. Today it is those in Naga civil society and political leaders who make visits to Delhi to prevail upon the ‘Indian’ establishment to take a more pragmatic view of the peace deal. The way ahead: Nagas must admit that they have journeyed a long way with the rest of India. Both have developed a comfort level with each other. Therefore, it is time to shed political egos and move on keeping in mind the best interests of the next generation of aspirational Nagas. A comprehensive plan with flexibility that is prepared on the ground in broad consultation with stakeholders for development of the region is the need of the hour. It is understandable that without significantly developing all the states in the Northeast, realising the vision of the Act East policy from all dimensions remain to be a difficult proposition. There is a need to comprehensively engage India’s Northeast with the strategic community based in New Delhi and to transform the NER as a gateway for trade and commerce with ASEAN countries. For any meaningful outcome, all factions of the undergrounds even including overgrounds, shall have to be involved, otherwise piecemeal peace/dialogue will not bring a satisfactory political solution. A lasting solution lies in more autonomy to the state, genuine economic development, accelerated infrastructural development, new trade routes, less Central funds and a little bit of pressure on militant groups to accept the peace proposal. Sincerity on the part of political and insurgent leadership alone can bring ‘peace to the land of the exhilarating Nagas’. Connecting the dots: The North East states require economic freedom along with political freedom to truly explore their development options. Comment. Discuss the reasons behind the ongoing crisis in Nagaland. Why does North East India remain a theatre of political crisis even after 70 years of independence? Analyse. NATIONAL TOPIC:General Studies 3: Infrastructure: Energy Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment. Rural Electrification: Gap between accessibility and adoption Introduction: The government has recently announced the electrification of all inhabited census villages. A village is considered electrified if it possesses basic electrical infrastructure and 10% of its homes have access to power. However, nearly one-fifth of India’s rural households (around 31 million) still remain in acute darkness. The government is committed to reaching these households through the Saubhagya scheme by 31 December 2018—a deadline that has been moved up from 31 March 2019. The project’s ambition is praiseworthy. Electrification schemes: Like the previous Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY), and the ongoing Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY) and Saubhagya schemes have focused on establishing village electricity infrastructure. DDUGJY provided electricity access to the remaining 18,452 inhabited villages. There are issues with these schemes- Confusion over data regarding the number of households in the country. Inconsistencies in the data put out by state electricity discoms. Lack of focus on supply-side barriers. Gap between electricity accessibility and adoption: The rapid pace of rural electrification has clearly not been matched by adoption at the household level. According to a 2015 World Bank study, Power For All: Electricity Access Challenge In India, “even where electricity service has been locally available, many village households choose not to adopt a connection”. For instance, states like Tripura and Sikkim, despite almost universal access, have among the lowest consumption rates. Reasons behind: Poor power reliability: India faces a terrible power reliability situation. Load shedding and power outages are frequent enough to make the term a mere technicality. A study shows that only six states had, on average, 24-hour power supply in rural areas as of December 2017. This lack of reliability often discourages households from adopting electricity, which disincentivises discoms, thus undermining investment in rural electrification. This makes power supply even more unreliable, perpetuating a vicious cycle. Challenges faced by Discoms: Discoms face multiple challenges, ranging from- Revenue losses due to high costs of power procurement Power theft and Irregularity Delay in disbursement of state subsidies assured to domestic and agriculture consumers. The lack of political will across governments to rationalize tariffs and slash these subsidies is a long-running problem. UDAY Yojana: The government’s attempt to address discoms’ financial stress via the Ujwal Discom Assurance Yojana (Uday), rolled out in 2015, is the latest in a long line of government bailouts. It hasn’t been more successful than previous attempts. The continued stress has negative consequences on the demand side in the form of reduced investment in network modernization, upgradation of transformers and unreliable power supply. Summary: The economic logic suggests that the rural households in areas with poor power reliability adopting grid electricity connection will not adopt electricity in first place. They have to pay a monthly fixed minimum charge irrespective of brownouts and blackouts. Meanwhile, poor reliability forces them to also use traditional fuels, like kerosene and fuelwood, for lighting and cooking purposes. In effect, these households end up paying for two power sources. This affects rural households’ decision making when it comes to electricity adoption. Conclusion: While India has made remarkable progress in bringing electricity to every village, the achievement on this front still faces challenges. There’s still a long way to go for lowering barriers to adoption, easing discoms’ financial stress and incentivising rural adoption. Connecting the dots: India has made remarkable progress in bringing electricity to every village. Still much remains to be done. The biggest challenge in this regard is lack of adoption of electricity at household level in rural areas. Analyse. Also read: Saubhagya Scheme: Critical analysis (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Q.1) Which among the following institution recently approved modern animal-free testing for drugs replacing the pyrogen test and the abnormal toxicity test carried out on animals? Indian Drugs Manufacturers' Association (IDMA) Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI) Central Drugs Standard Control Organization Q.2) Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific 2018 is a flagship report published by WB IMF WEF UN Q.3) What is the name of the tropical cyclone that made landfall in Bangladesh recently? Cyclone Mora Cyclone Phaline Cyclone Tora Cyclone Humsa Q.4) The frequency of the cyclones is lower in Arabian sea when compared to Bay of Bengal. This is because Arabian sea surface temperature is higher compared to that of Bay of Bengal. Bay of Bengal receives the remnants of the typhoons originated in Northwestern Pacific ocean. Arabian sea receives the remnants of cyclones from Bay of Bengal. Choose the correct code from the following 1 and 2 only 1 and 3 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 MUST READ Reviving neighborhood The Hindu There is a counting threat from Islamist terrorists The Hindu When code is law Indian Express The bane of patronage-based governance Business Line

IASbaba’s 60 Day Plan- Prelims Test 2018 ECONOMICS & CURRENT AFFAIRS [Day 50]

Hello Friends,  The 60 Days Training has finally begun:) Before any competition, there is a preparatory phase. That phase involves a lot of sessions on strengths and weaknesses. Throughout the preparatory phase, the athletes train in a gradual manner. In the last phase, just before the actual competition, the training is done so as to sharpen their skills. This training requires complete focus and dedication. In this phase, the athletes do not try anything new or train in a new fashion rather focus on sharpening of skills, focusing on strength and precision. Similarly, the upcoming 60 days, is like the last phase (training session), just before the actual competition. Here, the focus should be on sharpening the concepts, consolidating the knowledge base and solidifying the learning with loads and loads of revision. CLICK HERE TO READ FULL DETAILS AND SOLVE QUESTIONS

Motivational Articles

Creative Guidance: Book Review – The Art of Communicating – Thich Nhat Hanh

The Art of Communicating: Books by Thich Nhat Hanh are a treasure trove of ancient wisdom, presented in a modern and easy to understand way. There are books that educate, inspire and awaken. His books help you to awaken. The understanding and knowledge he possesses about life is unprecedented and yet his presentation will make you want to practice what he is trying to teach. Being a Buddhist monk who has practiced the art of meditation, he embodies the spirit of stillness and silence. There is no other practical wisdom greater than the art of silence. Reading his books are like diving into an ocean of silence, emerging out clean and fresh. The art of communicating is a beautiful book about Learning how to deal the most important person in your life; you. The book offers practical tools and wisdom to learn how to communicate with oneself and others. This is a revolutionary book on the importance of learning how to communicate. Very rarely do such authors come who pack the whole world’s wisdom into a mustard seed; Thich Nhat Hanh is one such author. Pick this book if you really want to understand the meaning of communication and how to develop it. It will not disappoint you. If there is only one book you want to read this month, let this be your book. It will certainly open a world of understanding about yourself and the world. Take your time and enjoy the reading, it is worth it.   “This Book Review is a copyright of The Ahamo Movement and IASBABA.”

Topper's From IASbaba

UPSC/IAS TOPPER’S STRATEGY: Neha Jain (Rank 14) CSE 2017-IASbaba’s ILP Student

Introduction Rank- 14, Neha Jain CSE 2017 who was our ILP-2017 student shares her preparation strategy with IASbaba.  Apart from Integrated Learning Program, (ILP) she was a regular follower of our other initiatives like 60 days Plan, Daily Current Affairs, RSTV and her favourite being TLP Mains Answer Writing Program.   Watch Neha Jain sharing her Complete Preparation Strategy with Mohan Kumar S, Founder of IASbaba. Complete Preparation Strategy, Answer Writing Tips, Interview Preparation, Role of IASbaba in her Success, How to Choose an Optional, Dealing with Unpredictability nature of this exam, Tackling certain grey areas like S&T, Environment, Art & Culture etc.  When we started ILP (Integrated Learning Program), we had a vision that a person situated in the remote corners of the country can clear the exam relying only on it in the very first attempt. Neha Jain and many more have proved it b their faith and consistent effort throughout the programme. And that is why ILP is unique and true to its motto. That’s the reason we mentioned it was not a mere test series , but a comprehensive learning platform! Let’s hear the role of Integrated Learning Program (ILP) in her Success from Neha Jain herself-  Hello Everyone, This is Dr. Neha Jain, secured AIR 14 in civil services examination 2017. I was born and brought up in New Delhi. I did my schooling from N. K. Bagrodia Public School, Rohini and completed my graduation in dentistry from Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi. After my graduation I started working as a dental consultant in Oberoi Dental Clinic, Janakpuri. However somewhere down the line I seriously wanted to pursue my dream of becoming a Civil Servant and hence forth took the plunge. The driving force towards this step was something I observed during my internship. The complex administrative problem of humongous lines of patients and the subsequent delays in services motivated me to take this up. Since I was working initially I did not have the luxury of a lot of time therefore I chose a mix of traditional and online coaching. For my general studies, I relied completely on IASbaba. I was an ILP student and therefore all my traditional as well as current affairs was taken care of by IASbaba. For my LAW OPTIONAL, I went a bit overboard and took notes from three institutes- Nirvana IAS, law ambition and Lawxperts MV notes. I used to read the Hindu and occasionally see The Indian express on my phone for its editorials but I made sure that I made notes regarding the relevant news items.   My PRELIMS Strategy: I did Babapedia for prelims along with newspaper. The most important take away was the 60 day prelims program which I did very sincerely and I was benefited from the most. It was not only comprehensive but also futuristic. I still remember that IASbaba had given two full mocks just before the prelims amongst which the second one was totally traditional, something similar to what actually appeared in Prelims 2017. Since I was an ILP student, I used to appear for the regular tests and evaluate myself amongst many good competitors which in turn boosted me for better performance. My advice will be to just practice mocks in complete exam environment and analyse them thoroughly so that one should never repeat the same mistakes on the D-day. My MAINS Strategy: If there’s one thing I did right in the mains process, it was the TLP Mains Answer Writing. Everyday I used to write 5 questions and evaluate my answers from the model answers and in fact got feedback from IASbaba mentors too. This not only improved my speed as I used to attempt 5 questions in 35 minutes but also gave me a pool of questions thereafter to revise from. I also used to read RSTV debates summary after every week so that I can some insights from the experts in respective fields. One can go to IASbaba RSTV summary section for it or watch the debates live also. OPTIONAL Strategy: My optional was Law. My father, Mr.P.K. Jain and my mama Mr. Anjeev Kumar Jain are LLB graduates who motivated me to take up law as my optional and gave me an overview of what law is about. I took up coaching from Nirvana Ias academy, notes of relevant topics from Law Ambition Institute and Lawxpert MV which is an online initiative. I just want to say to everyone that taking up an optional should be based on your own liking and interest but along with availability of guidance too. Daily routine- ‘My daily routine was devoting focused time of 5-6 hours every day and this increased to 8-10 hours during the last days of mains when I took leave from the clinic and was preparing full time. I used to devote about two and half hours everyday writing 5 questions from TLP and reviewing them subsequently including rectifying mistakes and learning from model answers. Revising static syllabus for Mains (including booklets of IASbaba of ILP) and putting in adequate time for Law by revising the syllabus and attempting the previous year questions as well was something I tried to do everyday. For essays I practiced only two essays but wrote pointers for many topics like governance, democracy, women, education, agriculture so that I have a rough structure ready in case of such topics. Though in hindsight, I believe that more essays must be practiced as I was falling short of time in the end. IASbaba's Integrated Learning Programme (ILP): I will be very honest that ILP really helped me a lot. Right from Babapedia, to the notes on various topics which were filled with diagrams and stories making them so much easier to learn to the regular prelims and Mains tests, it was all very succinct yet comprehensive. I recommend that every serious aspirant must at least go through them (ILP) and evaluate for themselves. My advice: To all the aspirants, I just want to say that stay positive and believe in yourself even when no one else does! Examples like her give us strength and motivation to strive forward to achieve what we started our journey for – to provide quality education to aspirants in the remotest corner of India. She has also justified our moto i.e. “One stop destination for UPSC”. Once again Heartiest Congratulations from IASbaba!! P.S- She will share a detailed strategy of LAW Optional and her Answer Sheets soon You can also check our Toppers from CSE-2017- Click Here Thank You IASbaba

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs [Prelims + Mains Focus] - 8th May 2018

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs (Prelims + Mains Focus)- 8th May 2018 Archives (PRELIMS+MAINS FOCUS) Food Safety: New norms for labelling food Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS Paper II- Government interventions in key sectors In News: Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has drafted following regulations – All packaged food with at least 5% content from genetically engineered sources need to be labelled so. Foods that exceed norms of sugar and fat will need to carry ‘red’ and ‘green’ labels specifying the extent to which they do so. Do you know? Current laws, however, prohibit any GM food — unless cleared by the Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee, a Union Environment Ministry body — from being sold in India. Through a 2007 notification, the Environment Ministry had exempted processed foods from this requirement. This has been stayed by the courts. There was also dispute between the FSSAI, a Union Health Ministry body, and the Environment Ministry on who checks if a particular food had a GE provenance. Important Value Additions: FSSAI was already in news. FSSAI launched ‘Project Dhoop’ in April 2018 – an initiative aimed at shifting the school assembly time to noon to ensure maximum absorption of Vitamin D in students through natural sunlight. About FSSAI FSSAI is established under FSS Act, 2006 It is a statutory body for laying down science based standards for articles of food and regulating manufacturing, processing, distribution, sale and import of food so as to ensure safe and wholesome food for human consumption. Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India is the Administrative Ministry for the implementation of FSSAI. Article link: New norms for labelling food planned India gets $200 million loan for nutrition mission Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS Paper II- Government interventions in key sectors; Social issue and Welfare Schemes In News: India and World Bank signs agreement for a $200 million loan for implementing National Nutrition Mission. Key pointers: About National Nutrition Mission Targeted mission - NNM targets to reduce stunting, under- nutrition, anemia (among young children, women and adolescent girls) and reduce low birth weight by 2%, 2%, 3% and 2% per annum respectively. It also strives to reduce the prevalence of stunting from the current level of 38.4% (as per the National Family Health Survey 4) to 25% by 2022. Aims at reaching 10 crore beneficiaries. Beneficiaries are mainly children up to the age of six years, pregnant women and lactating mothers and adolescent girls. Will be implemented in three phases between 2017 and 2020 across all districts of the country. Important Value Additions: POSHAN Abhiyaan (National Nutrition Mission) is a flagship programme of the Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD) The National Nutrition Mission (NNM) has been set up with a three year budget of Rs.9046.17 crore commencing from 2017-18. Article link: India inks $200 mn. WB loan for nutrition mission - The Hindu India and Serbia celebrating their 70th year of cooperation Part of: GS Prelims and Mains Paper II – India and the world, International Relations In news: India and Serbia are celebrating their 70th year of cooperation. India and Serbia should revive ties from the non-alignment era, as their relations are not as well developed as in the past. Important Value Additions: India and Serbia (Successor State of former Yugoslavia) have traditionally enjoyed deep friendship as co-founders of the Non-Aligned Movement. India and Serbia: Serbia has abolished visa requirements for Indians, unilaterally (along with visas for China, Turkey, Iran, Indonesia and other countries we have historical ties with). India-Serbia trade is very low at about $160 million. Serbia is a bridge between the east and the west, is on the road to joining the European Union. Serbia supports India in multilateral for a including India’s membership of NSG, permanent and non-permanent membership of UNSC and Indian candidatures to various international organizations. Serbian leadership has expressed solidarity with India in the fight against terrorism. Map work: Observe figure/map below and try to locate the following – Serbia is a landlocked country. Capital – Belgrade Situated in Europe but not part of EU Article link: NAM needs new cause, says Ivica Dacic, Serbian Deputy ... - The Hindu Putin sworn in for fourth term In News: Vladimir Putin was sworn in as Russia’s President for a fourth term The 65-year-old, in power since 1999, is on course to become the longest-serving Russian leader since Joseph Stalin. Important Value Additions: Russian Constitution says - The President of Russia is directly elected for a term of six years. Any citizen of the Russian Federation not younger than 35 years of age and with a permanent residence record in the Russian Federation of not less than 10 years may be elected President of the Russian Federation. One and the same person may not be elected President of the Russian Federation for more than two terms running. Now you may think – Article says 4th term, but in Russia, President may not be elected for more than two terms running. Answer: It is his second consecutive—and fourth overall—term as president. Article link: Putin becomes President for 4th time, says improving economy will be priority in new six-year term Australia pledges $34 million to help save koala population Part of: GS Prelims and Mains Paper III – Environment and Conservation of Biodiversity In News: The Australian Koala Foundation estimates that there may be as few as 43,000 koalas left in the wild. Habitat loss, dog attacks, climate change & diseases have taken their toll on the animals. Important Value Additions: About Koalas IUCN Status: Vulnerable Endemic to Australia. Koalas are found in the eucalyptus forests of eastern Australia. It is an arboreal herbivorous marsupial native to Australia. Koalas typically inhabit open eucalypt woodlands, and the leaves of these trees make up most of their diet. Because this eucalypt diet has limited nutritional and caloric content, koalas are largely sedentary and sleep up to 20 hours a day. Koalas get almost all their moisture from the leaves they eat, and rarely drink water. Eucalyptus leaves are super tough and poisonous! Luckily for koalas, they have a long digestive organ called a cecum which allows them to break down the leaves unharmed. Article link: Australia pledges US$34-million to help save the koala (MAINS FOCUS) NATIONAL/WELFARE TOPIC: General Studies 2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections. General Studies 3: Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc Disaster and disaster management. Rail Accidents: Need for amendments in Railways Act In news: The recent deaths of schoolchildren at an unmanned rail crossing highlight why the Railways Act must be amended. Flaw in compensation or claims procedure In relation to claims for railway accidents, the Railways Act provides for fixed compensation on predetermined scales. It also provides a forum for passengers to make claims in the form of Railway Claims Tribunals situated in different parts of India. But there is a limitation. Only a passenger on a train can make a claim before the Tribunal. Concern: Passengers of a bus or motor vehicle who may have been harmed after a collision with a train can only approach the Motor Accidents Claims Tribunal. Important case: In Donoghue v. Stevenson (1932) case, SC held that - the duty of care for the Railways extends not only to those who use the Railways’ services but also to people who are “neighbours” — namely, users of vehicles on roads that intersect with tracks. In other words, there is a common law liability for the railway administration for an accident at an unmanned crossing, even in the absence of specific provisions in the Railways Act. An action at common law can be filed against Railways because the Railways was involved in what are recognised as dangerous operations and hence is bound to take care of road users. Railways should take all precautions that will reduce danger to the minimum. What does the Railways Act say? The Railways Act 1989 (through Section 124) provides compensation on strict liability basis. This means that “when an accident occurs in the course of working a railway” (a collision between trains, or when one is a train carrying passengers, or derailment, or any other accident with a train or any part of a train carrying passengers), then whether or not there has been any wrongful act, neglect or default on the part of the railway administration, an injured passenger or one who has suffered a loss can lawfully maintain an action and recover damages. Way ahead: It is time the government amends the Railways Act to provide for compensation on a proactive basis without driving victims or their families to file applications in Tribunals or Courts. It is also essential to include within Section 124 of the Railways Act a provision for a claim from a “neighbour to a passenger” in the manner that the Supreme Court recognises, namely, a road user of a motor vehicle. Connecting the dots: Safety standards and associated institutional framework in the railways need immediate attention. Comment. Railways is considered to be the lifeline of our country but the frequency of fatal accidents have only increased in the recent past. What does it tell about Indian Railway’s ecosystem? Critically analyse. NATIONAL TOPIC:General Studies 2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes Land administration in India and boosting farmers' income Background: Recently, over 30,000 farmers marched nearly 200 km to Mumbai to share their grievances with the Maharashtra government. Only weeks ago, thousands of more farmers led a comparable demonstration in Shimla. While loan waivers and better MSP (Minimum Support Price) were part of these agendas, land remains the common agenda. The agricultural sector dialogue focuses on supply chain efficiency or improving the quality of inputs like seeds and fertilisers. Land is one key issue that often remains unfocussed. Land and agriculture: The land market in India inhibits agricultural productivity. According to the 2010-11 Report on Agriculture Census, 85 per cent of India’s total operational land holdings are less than 2 hectares in area. The yield from such small plots is barely enough to feed the farmer’s family, leaving very little produce to sell in the market. Consolidation of land holdings can drive higher efficiency and yields, but this requires a land market that allows people to buy or lease land. Existing laws constrain formal land leasing. A 2013 NSSO report estimates 13 per cent of household lease land, but other reports by NGOs suggest this could well be 50 per cent due to informal tenancy arrangements. Non-existence of accurate land records: Issue: It makes difficult for farmers to access critical welfare schemes. The government spends close to one per cent of GDP on fertiliser subsidies every year, while other huge subsidies exist for seeds, pesticides, crop insurance, and farm loans. But, if underlying land records don’t reflect the true names of owners, lessors, and cultivators or the correct size of the plots, the benefits won’t reach the targeted beneficiaries. The reasons behind absence of accurate records are varied, ranging from unregistered sale, inheritance, and tenancy, to decades-old official maps no longer reflecting ground reality. Way out: We need to elevate the importance of efficient government systems for land administration to the forefront of the agriculture sector conversation; however, it’s a complex subject. Its systemic issues cannot be fixed with public policy alone and will require new thinking and collaboration among multiple stakeholders, including governments, philanthropic institutions, entrepreneurs, and civil society. Integrating land records: Philanthropic institutions and state governments should take a holistic view of the role of land and land records. These large-scale programmes need to allocate part of the resources to help their target farmer population obtain accurate land records. Role of tech: The availability of geospatial and mobile technology is revolutionising the way we update land records, offering new and cheap ways to capture household and plot level information. Odisha is already setting the example as the first State to use drones to capture information on about thousands of slum households to provide title documents. Entrepreneurial solutions: Given the scale of the problem, there is a huge opportunity for millions of innovators and entrepreneurs to step in and solve it. Conclusion: These above suggested solutions can create a more dynamic, proactive approach to land administration. This is important as improving the system of land administration in the country will help boost farmers' income. Connecting the dots: Poor land administration in India is one of the key issue affecting agricultural productivity as well as farmers' income. Discuss. MUST READ Where the law needs to change track The Hindu Stop this jobs charade The Hindu The problems with a DNA registry The Hindu New Indo-Pacific axis Indian Express Preparing for India's next telecom revolution Livemint Time to focus on Indo-US bilateral trade Livemint (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Q.1) Consider the following statements with respect to Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) It is established under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution is administrative ministry for the implementation of FSSAI Which of the following statements is/are correct? Only 1 Only 2 Both 1 and 2 None of the above Q.2) Which of the following statements about National Nutrition Mission is/are true? The programme through the targets will strive to reduce the level of stunting, under-nutrition, anemia and low birth weight babies. It aims at reaching 10 crore beneficiaries in three phases between 2017 and 2020 across all districts of the country. Beneficiaries of the programme include children upto the age of 12 years, pregnant women and lactating mothers. Choose the appropriate answer: 1 only 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.3) Which organization recently signed an agreement with India to provide a $200 million loan for implementing National Nutrition Mission? World Bank World Health Organization International Monetary Fund Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Q.4) Which among the following countries does not border the Mediterranean sea? France Italy Serbia Syria Q.5) Consider the below statements with reference to Koalas: Koala bears are carnivoran mammals of the family Ursidae. They are found on the continents of North America, Europe, and Australia. They are considered to be vulnerable according to IUCN. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 3 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs [Prelims + Mains Focus] - 7th May 2018

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs (Prelims + Mains Focus)- 7th May 2018 Archives (PRELIMS+MAINS FOCUS) Hawaii's Kilauea volcano Part of: GS Prelims and Mains Paper III - Environmental hazard and Disaster In News: The Kilauea volcano, the most active in Hawaii, remained highly unstable. Highly toxic sulfur dioxide gas pouring from some fissures continued to contribute to “extremely dangerous” conditions. The high levels of sulfur dioxide are a threat to all who become exposed. Important Value Additions: Kilauea is a currently active shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, and the most active of the five volcanoes that together form the island of Hawaii. Kilauea is considered one of the world’s most frequently active volcanoes. Do you know? There are five active volcanoes in Hawaii. They are: Loihi Kilauea Mauna Loa Hualalai Haleakala Mauna Loa is an active volcano and is due for an eruption. India’s only active volcanoes is located in Barren island of Andaman, which is also the only confirmed active volcano in South Asia. Observe figure/map below and try to locate Kilauea Article link: Hawaii Kilauea volcano erupts; county issues evacuation ... - The Hindu Universal household electrification Part of: GS Prelims and Mains paper II – Government schemes and social issue In news: Central government is pushing for total electrification, however survey and studies show many households continue to live in dark especially in rural. Important Value additions: You should be aware of following schemes with regard to Electrification – Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana (Saubhagya) Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY) Integrated Power Development Scheme (IPDS) Ujwal Discom Assurance Yojana (UDAY) Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana (Saubhagya) Launched in Sept 2017 SAUBHAGYA (Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojna) aims to achieve universal household electrification in all parts of the country in a time bound manner. Around 4 crore households in rural and urban areas by December 2018 are expected to get electricity connections under the scheme. The scheme funds the cost of last-mile connectivity to willing households to help achieve the goal of lighting every household by 31 December 2018. Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY) Launched in July 2015 Scheme for rural areas Objective: To provide electrification to all villages (now to all households as opposed to only villages) Do you know? A village is declared to be electrified if 10% of the households are given electricity along with public places such as schools, panchayat office, health centres, dispensaries and community centres. Unique feature of DDUGJY – With a large number of household still remaining without access to electricity, the scheme aims at ensuring the coverage of households as opposed to only villages. Integrated Power Development Scheme (IPDS) IPDS Scheme aims to provide quality and reliable 24x7 power supply in the urban area. Gram Swaraj Abhiyan Launched on April 14, 2017 to commemorate the birth anniversary of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, to reach out to villages, most of which have a majority of Dalit and tribal homes. Partial success for Gram Swaraj Abhiyan (Observe fig below) THINK! Ujwal Discom Assurance Yojana (UDAY) Article link: Eight lakh state households living in dark, reveals study Partial success for Gram Swaraj Abhiyan ‘Tholu Bommalata’ Part of: GS Prelims and Mains Paper I – Indian Art and Culture (Puppetry) In News: ‘Tholu Bommalata’ - shadow puppet theatre tradition of Andhra Pradesh. Important Value additions: There are 4 types of Puppetry practiced in India – String Puppets Shadow Puppets Rod Puppets Glove Puppets About Shadow Puppetry: Shadow puppets are flat figures. They are cut out of leather, which has been treated to make it translucent. Shadow puppets are pressed against the screen with a strong source of light behind it. This tradition of shadow puppets survives in Orissa. Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. About ‘Tholu Bommalata’ ‘Tholu Bommalata’ is a shadow puppetry practiced in Andhra Pradesh The puppets are large in size and have jointed waist, shoulders, elbows and knees. They are coloured on both sides. Hence, these puppets throw coloured shadows on the screen. Influenced by the classical music of the region and the theme of the puppet - Ramayana, Mahabharata and Puranas Article Link: Puppetry hangs by a thread in Prakasam district - The Hindu Green Gold: Bamboo Part of: GS Prelims and Mains Paper III – Agriculture sector (Indian Economy) In News: In Union Budget 2018, government had allocated a whopping Rs 1,290 crore to promote the bamboo sector -- through restructured National Bamboo Mission (NBM). Government also removed bamboo grown outside forest areas from the definition of trees. However there are some concerns whether all these efforts help to achieve $10 billion market potential of bamboo. Concerns: Failure of National Mission on Bamboo Application (NMBA), National Bamboo Mission (NMB) and North East Centre for Technology Application and Reach (NECTAR) Department of Science and Technology (DST) had in 2004 launched the National Mission on Bamboo Application (NMBA) with an outlay of ₹200 crore. NMBA failed. NMBA neither developed any technology nor facilitated technology transfer. ₹1,400-crore National Bamboo Mission (NMB) also failed from 2007-2014 Even related initiative called the North East Centre for Technology Application and Reach (NECTAR) has also failed. NECTAR is an autonomous society registered and headquartered in Shillong with a fund allocation of ₹292 crore. The entire team that made NMBA a failure was rehabilitated in NECTAR without any responsibilities being fixed. NECTAR functioned under DST and no proper functioning. Key pointers: Northeast part of India grows 67% of India’s bamboo. India has the world’s largest fields of bamboo. It grows on nearly 13% of the country’s forest land. The eight North-eastern States – Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura – grow 67% of India’s bamboo and have 45% of global bamboo reserves. Nearly 35 species of superior quality bamboos are found in the region. Important Value additions: About restructured NBM The Mission is expected to establish about 4000 treatment/ product development units and bring more than 100000 ha area under plantation during the period 2018-19 & 2019-20. The restructured NBM strives to - To increase the area under bamboo plantation in non forest Government and private lands to supplement farm income and contribute towards resilience to climate change. To improve post-harvest management through establishment of innovative primary processing units, treatment and seasoning plants, primary treatment and seasoning plants, preservation technologies and market infrastructure. To promote product development at micro, small and medium levels and feed bigger industry. To rejuvenate the under developed bamboo industry in India. To promote skill development, capacity building, awareness generation for development of bamboo sector. Do you know? Centrally Sponsored Scheme of National Bamboo Mission (NBM) is now under National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) Department of Agriculture & Cooperation (DAC) under Ministry of Agriculture is implementing a 100% Centrally Sponsored Scheme called Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH) in which National Bamboo Mission (NBM) is being implemented as a sub scheme. Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction Part of: GS Prelims and Mains Paper II – Welfare and social issue In News: The Justice Rajesh Bindal Committee was set up last year to suggest a model legislation to safeguard the interest of the child as well those of the parents when an NRI (Non Resident Indian) marriage goes sour and one of the parents flees from one country to another with the child. (issue of inter-country parental child abduction) Based on the recommendations of Rajesh Bindal Committee, Central government is expected to take a decision on whether it should accede to the Hague Convention. Do you know? In 2016, the government had decided not to be a signatory to the treaty on the ground that it can be detrimental to the interest of the women fleeing an abusive marriage. The Committee has suggested a model legislation to safeguard interests of the parents and the children. About Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction It is a multi-national treaty that seeks to protect children wrongfully removed by one of the parents from the custody of the other parent. African Continental Free Trade Area (ACFTA) Part of: GS Prelims and Mains Paper II – International Affairs About African Continental Free Trade Area (ACFTA) The pact — is signed by 44 of the 55-member African Union (AU) It seeks to create a single market in goods and services, free movement of persons and investment, and eventually a customs union with a common external tariff. Do you know? ACFTA is the biggest free trade agreement since the establishment of the WTO. By creating a single continental market for goods and services, the member states of the African Union hope to boost trade between African countries. (MAINS FOCUS) NATIONAL TOPIC: General Studies 1: Social Issues General Studies 2: Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections. Protecting the girl child in India Introduction: We need to ask how the Katha rape crisis may be transformed into a new beginning of honest critique and wide-ranging social change. Respect for children, and women, must be the recurrent theme; especially honouring those who are tribal, Dalit, minority, and/or poor. The margins must move centrestage, reorienting all our priorities. How patriarchal society in India contributes to sexual violence? Sexual violence is part of the entire structure of power. Patriarchal families — embedded within intricate webs of caste, class, communal, ethnic, sexual identity and other hierarchies — are inherently undemocratic. Unquestioning obedience is expected from youngsters, silent submission from women, unwarranted space and privilege is usurped by men. Girl children are routinely scolded, punished, humiliated and bullied. Individual rights, the core of democracy, are flouted daily. Sexual abuse and rape are just the next logical step. A girl child is required to eat less, study less, talk less, work more from the earliest age onward, thereby making them vulnerable and her self-esteem low. Child Sexual Abuse: A common problem in India Rape and child sexual abuse (CSA), far from being the “rarest of rare” crimes, are possibly the commonest of common. Indian courts heard 64,138 child rape cases during 2016 under the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 (POSCO). A study across socio-economic groups found that 42 per cent children had been subjected to CSA, 15 per cent severely abused. A nation-wide Study on Child Abuse (Ministry of Women and Child Development, 2007) indicates that some 53 per cent children have faced CSA. Justice delayed and denied: Recently, the Supreme Court (SC) expressed shock at finding that 1,12,628 cases under POCSO are pending before trial courts across the country. It had earlier noted that “implementation of POCSO is in shambles. Despite the sheer volume as well as routine brutality of rape and CSA cases, justice remains elusive. Perpetrators enjoy impunity. Data from the NFHS-2015-16 (National Family Health Survey) indicates that 99 per cent sexual violence cases are not reported by women survivors. Among reasons for not reporting are low conviction rates, and lack of trust in the police. Policy changes: The Delhi 2012 gangrape and murder sparked off spontaneous protests across the country. The Verma Committee, set up thereafter, recommended- Police reforms Statutory procedures for managing sexual offence cases, including Rape Crisis Cells Criminalisation of marital rape Disqualification of politicians with criminal records Repeal of laws like AFSPA Educational reforms including education of adults Gender-free socialisation, and sexuality education The SC (responding to a PIL pursuing justice for CSA victims, particularly an eight-month-old raped by her 28-year old cousin Delhi, January 2018) has issued directives that- Police chiefs should constitute Special Task Forces to investigate POCSO cases. High courts must ensure fast-track trials by designated Special Courts and ensure a “child-friendly atmosphere”. POCSO requires that police, doctors, judges, lawyers and prosecutors be educated to understand, and deliver justice to, child survivors. Survivors require justice and rehabilitation. Trauma may last forever. Recent step taken by government: Ordinance providing for death penalty for those convicted of raping 12-year odds has been recently approved by Union cabinet. It is though misconceived. It fails to understand the social foundations of rape and undermines human rights and women’s movement struggles for a violence-free world. Conclusion: Children and women ought to come first, in every decision, plan and policy, in families, boardrooms, and development paradigms. The last child has to become our first concern. Entrenched hierarchies must be overturned. We need to intervene to ensure respect for girl child's basic rights, fulfilment of basic needs, socialisation and education that builds self-confidence and skills for self-assertion. She should have an inalienable right to safety, requiring systematic inputs by schools, communities, health services, police, and law. Connecting the dots: The patriarchal society in India contributes to sexual violence. Discuss how? The need is to ensure respect for girl child's basic rights, fulfilment of basic needs, socialisation and education that builds self-confidence and skills for self-assertion. Comment. MUST READ Defying the logic of democracy The Hindu Devolution of funds to states should decrease Livemint (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Q.1) Loihi, Kilauea, Mauna Loa, Hualalai and Haleakala is related to – Nomadic tribes in Sahara desert Names of Neptune moons Active volcanoes in Hawaii Breeds of cattle and buffalo varieties of India Q.2) Consider the following statements: It aims to achieve universal household electrification in all parts of the country in a time bound manner. Around 4 crore households in rural and urban areas by December 2018 are expected to get electricity connections under the scheme. The scheme funds the cost of last-mile connectivity to willing households. Identify from below, which scheme has above provisions under it? Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana (Saubhagya) Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY) Integrated Power Development Scheme (IPDS) Ujwal Discom Assurance Yojana (UDAY) Q.3) A village is declared to be electrified if – 90% of the households are given electricity along with public places 10% of the households are given electricity along with public places 100% of the households are given electricity along with public places 60% of the households are given electricity along with public places Q.4) Consider the below statements: It is a shadow puppetry practiced in Andhra Pradesh Puppets are pressed against the screen with a strong source of light behind it These puppets are cut out of leather, which has been treated to make it translucent Theme of this puppetry form includes Ramayana, Mahabharata or Puranas Identify from below the correct puppetry form which has above features – Kathputli Gombeyatta Bommalattam Tholu Bommalata Q.5) In Union Budget 2018, government had allocated a whopping Rs 1,290 crore to promote the bamboo sector. The fund will be spent mainly through which among the below scheme – National Mission on Bamboo Application (NMBA) Green Gold Mission (GGM) Restructured National Bamboo Mission (NBM) North East Centre for Technology Application and Reach (NECTAR) Q.6) Consider the below statements with respect to National Bamboo Mission: It is under National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) It is under Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH) The Mission is expected to bring more than 100000 ha area under plantation during the period 2018-19 & 2019-20. Which of the statements above is/are correct? 1 only 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.7) Recently, Centre had constituted a Committee to suggest a model legislation to safeguard the interest of the child as well as to deal with issue of inter-country parental child abduction. The committee is headed by – Rajesh Bindal Committee Geetam Singh Committee Preetham Singh Committee Mahendra Lama Committee

IASbaba’s 60 Day Plan- Prelims Test 2018 HISTORY & CURRENT AFFAIRS [Day 49]

Hello Friends,  The 60 Days Training has finally begun:) Before any competition, there is a preparatory phase. That phase involves a lot of sessions on strengths and weaknesses. Throughout the preparatory phase, the athletes train in a gradual manner. In the last phase, just before the actual competition, the training is done so as to sharpen their skills. This training requires complete focus and dedication. In this phase, the athletes do not try anything new or train in a new fashion rather focus on sharpening of skills, focusing on strength and precision. Similarly, the upcoming 60 days, is like the last phase (training session), just before the actual competition. Here, the focus should be on sharpening the concepts, consolidating the knowledge base and solidifying the learning with loads and loads of revision. CLICK HERE TO READ FULL DETAILS AND SOLVE QUESTIONS