Jul 11, 2017 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs 11th July, 2017

IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 11th July 2017 Archives INTERNATIONAL TOPIC: General Studies 2 India and its neighborhood‐ relations Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests. Banning Bottom Trawling: Will it help? In news: Sri Lanka’s legislative assembly recently passed an amendment to prohibit bottom trawling. Bottom trawling in the island nation’s territorial waters will now attract a possible two-year prison term and a fine of 50,000 Sri Lankan rupees. The rule is expected to affect a section of fishermen from Tamil Nadu which engages in bottom trawling, a destructive method of fishing. Towards A Global Ban? Sri Lanka is not the first country to impose a ban on bottom trawling. The US, EU, Norway, Canada, and Australia have all invoked partial bans, while smaller states like Chile, Palau, and Hong Kong have implemented full bans. What is bottom trawling? Bottom trawling is trawling (towing a trawl, which is a fishing net) along the sea floor. It is also referred to as "dragging". It is an industrial fishing method where a large net with heavy weights is dragged across the seafloor, scooping up everything in its path – from the targeted fish to the incidentally caught centuries-old corals. Pic Credits: https://d1d6iuzopoyx19.cloudfront.net/english/reports/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/09184309/fisherman-roar-e1458125140882.jpg Why is it a problem? Bottom trawling is unselective and severely damaging to seafloor ecosystems. The net indiscriminately catches every life and object it encounters. Thus, many creatures end up mistakenly caught and thrown overboard dead or dying, including endangered fish and even vulnerable deep-sea corals which can live for several hundred years. In addition, the weight and width of a bottom trawl can destroy large areas of seafloor habitats that give marine species food and shelter. Such habitat destructions can leave the marine ecosystem permanently damaged. It is known to cause great depletion of fishery resources, and curbing it is in the interest of sustainable fishing. In recent years, some fishermen in northern Sri Lanka have also adopted bottom trawling. If this practice continues to gain ground even among local fishermen, the long-term consequences on fishing resources in the contested Palk Bay region will be irremediable. Issue: Tamil Nadu fishermen are arrested from time to time by the Sri Lankan Navy, and their vessels seized. If more are arrested and slapped with two-year jail terms after a summary trial, as the law now envisages, it may create new flashpoints. Fishermen from both countries have been in talks for a long time to resolve the conflict. Sri Lankan fishermen want an immediate end to incursions by Indian trawlers, and those from Tamil Nadu insist on a three-year phase-out period. The proposal to ban bottom trawling is two years old, but the amendment has come at a time when a Joint Working Group set up by both countries last year is in place. It said the livelihood of families of almost 1800 trawler boat fishermen and their crew who are engaged in trawler fishing in Valvettiturai, Gurunagar and Mannar North have to be safeguarded before implementing the provisions of the Act. Way forward: An appropriate response from Tamil Nadu would be to expedite the conversion of its trawlers to deep sea fishing vessels, and not merely condemn Sri Lanka. Ultimately, the solution lies in the transition from trawling to deep sea fishing, for which a beginning has been made. The Central and State governments plan to provide 500 deep sea fishing boats with long lines and gill nets this year, as part of a plan to replace 2,000 trawlers in three years. Sri Lanka should be asked to wait for this plan to be fully implemented before enforcing its bottom trawling ban. There is a glaring need for institutionalisation of fishing in Indian waters by the government of India so that alternative means of livelihood are provided. Government will have to mark up a comprehensive plan to reduce the dependence of Indian fishermen on catch from Palk Bay. Only then will it be possible for Indian fishermen to overcome their natural, and at times desperate, impulse to wander into Sri Lankan waters and carry bottom trawling. Blue economy is a rather ignored issue in India and that seems to have led to the current crisis. The Ministry of Agriculture and the Department of Ocean Development are the nodal bodies responsible for giving technical assistance to states for the development of fisheries and blue economy. Both the governments should consult scientific organisations and device fishing methods which will not hurt the fishermen, before imposing a blanket ban on bottom trawling. A livelihood issue of this nature is better resolved through promotional and developmental measures to introduce alternative modes and technologies, and not through such abrupt bans and punitive measures. It would be fitting for the government of India to register its strongest disapproval of such move and must organize an effective defense of the rights of our fishermen in the Palk Bay. Alternate livelihood employment opportunities should be ensured before implementation of the Act and a sufficient period of time should be given to enable these families to acquaint themselves with the alternative opportunities provided. Conclusion: Both countries should ensure that the situation does not disrupt regular meetings of the JWG. Besides the fisheries conflict, they need to discuss marine conservation, thus giving equal importance to protecting livelihoods and sustainable fishing. Connecting the dots: The Sri Lankan legislative amendment to prohibit bottom trawling will have severe implications on Indian fishermen. Discuss. Also elaborate on how such a prohitbition would be beneficial for both countries in long term. NATIONAL/SOCIAL ISSUE TOPIC: General Studies 1 Population and associated issues, poverty and developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies. General Studies 2 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate. ‘Family Planning: Empowering People, Developing Nations’ Introduction/Overview: July 11 has been designated by the United Nations as World Population Day. The World Population Day was started in 1989 by the then governing council of the United Nations Development Programme after the global population had outgrown the five billion mark on July 11, 1987. The countries resolved to observe the day in order to spread awareness about the rise in population, family planning, woes of overpopulation and empowerment of people in developing nations through population control. This year's theme is "access to family planning". Where does India’s population stand? According to the latest data of April 2016 from World Bank, India’s population stands at 1.26 billion. It is only behind China which has a population of 1.37 billion according to the same data. Link: http://www.dw.com/image/39629364_401.png UN estimates that the second most populous country in the world is set to surpass China as the most populous country by 2024 and the drop in India's population will only come around 2050. According to the National Family Health Survey 2017 (NFHS-4), India is expected to reach replacement level fertility (RLL) of 2.1 by 2020. Note: Replacement Level Fertility (RLL) is the size of the population that replaces a generation to a next generation in order to sustain the population level. The survey data shows that there has been a drop in the average number of children in each family from 2.7 to 2.2 in the last decade. This seems to be one bright spot. Around 365 million people in India are in the age bracket of 10-24 years. The NFHS expects this group to be the main driver of the population in coming decades. Challenges: The biggest concerns due to fast population growth comes in the matters of employment, education, healthcare and nutrition. There is already a dearth of employment in the country and though the government is implementing several programs to address the issue, it is undeniable that the employment will need to grow faster. We have a large number of young people but we do not have the skills or jobs for this to translate linearly into larger economic output. India is short of specialist medical practitioners by 81 per cent in rural community health centres and the private sector has 63 per cent of the hospital beds in the country, according to a health and family welfare department data. Any development planning with a time horizon of more than a few years has to factor in the changing size of the base population and, therefore, the changing size of the resources needed to meet the requirements even if the per capita requirements remain unchanged. However, this obvious calculation has not been made. For example, there is an insane competition for college admissions in our towns and cities. However, the rise in the number of seats has not kept even modest pace with the rise in the number of those finishing secondary school and wanting to go on to college. Virtually every development sector that requires investments will need a larger amount of such investment in different areas — like clinics, hospital beds, homes, schools, colleges and training institutes, jobs, social security, rural banks, piped water and policemen — as the absolute size of our population increases. The way ahead: Family planning: A tangible tool to empower people and enable development The World Population Day 2017 theme this year is, ‘Family Planning: Empowering People, Developing Nations’. The theme aims at providing safe, voluntary family planning to the people around the world and in a way, help in curbing the population growth and help maintain the world population. Access to safe voluntary family planning is a human right. It is also central to gender equality and women’s empowerment, and is a key factor in reducing poverty. Investments in making family planning available also yield economic and other gains that can propel development forward. Experts and national level social impact organizations, strongly advocates on issues of rights-based family planning, enabling women and men to decide freely the number and spacing of their children without any form of coercion or discrimination. Empowering women: need of the hour With 70% of Indian population residing in villages and growing urbanisation, it is imperative that the practice or custom of family planning is embraced by the rural community as well as the urban. UNFPA studies conducted in more than 40 developing countries show that birth rates fall as women gain equality. In rural areas, education allows women to be in control of their lives not just financially but also reproductively. These women are in a better position to take decisions on when and how many children they desire to have. With female education and family planning, greater prosperity has followed. Conclusion: While family planning initiatives have been proactively driven since pre-independence era in India, the brunt of contraception has been traditionally borne by women. Eighty two years after the National Planning Committee was set up, the trends haven’t changed much. According to the latest National Family Health Survey (2015-2016), female sterilisation is still the most preferred mode of contraception (37.3%) and vasectomy ranks the lowest (1.0%), lagging far behind traditional methods, pills and intra-uterine devices. To add to this, India is also plagued with problems such as lack of awareness, familial pressures, and socio-economic and cultural restrictions limiting its family planning initiatives. Educated women conscious of family planning are, therefore, the fulcrum of an empowered society. Women’s empowerment is indispensable when viewed within the gender equality paradigm. Although Indian family planning programmes provide contraceptive choices to both men and women, societal norms have ensured that the onus remains on the latter. Efforts need to be made to facilitate male engagement in promoting family planning and reproductive health, while encouraging them to be supportive partners of women’s reproductive health decisions. Connecting the dots: Family planning is critical for our nation’s economic development, and is a big first step towards growth, equality and sustainable development that opens the door to opportunity and prosperity for women and families everywhere. Elucidate. 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Jul 11, 2017 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

IASbaba Daily Current Affairs Quiz [Day 1]

IASbaba Daily Current Affairs Quiz [Day 1] Q.1) Consider the following statements about Innovate in India (i3) It is a mission to accelerate biopharmaceutical development in India It will be implemented by Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC) Select the correct statements Only 1 Only 2 Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) Mizoram shares its border with which of the following states? Meghalaya Assam Tripura Nagaland Manipur Select the correct code: 2, 3 and 5 1, 3, 4 and 5 1, 2 and 3 1, 4 and 5 Q.3) Terms like WannaCry, Petya and Locky were in news recently. They are associated with Bitcoins Ransomware Operating Systems Server less computing  Q.4) Consider the following statements about The Addis Ababa Action Agenda (AAAA) It is associated with the United Nations It was adopted at the Inaugural International Conference on Financing for Development Select the correct statements Only 1 Only 2 Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.5) Consider the following statements about International Securities Identification Number (ISIN) Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is authorized to issue the ISIN number to the securities other than G-Secs. Securities to which ISINs can be issued does not include debt securities and derivatives Select the correct statement Only 1 Only 2 Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Download The Solution - Click here All the best IASbaba

Jul 10, 2017 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs 10th July, 2017

IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 10th July 2017 Archives GOVERNANCE AND INTERNAL SECURITY TOPIC: General Studies 2 Issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure. Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability and institutional and other measures. General Studies 3 Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate Internal Security: challenges and reforms required It is unfortunate that even though we have a strong government at the Centre, the internal security situation of the country has not shown any marked improvement over what it inherited from the earlier government. India's complex internal security problems: The internal security situation is on a slippery slope. Jammu and Kashmir continues to be in the news for wrong reasons with ceasefire violations by the Pakistan army, continuing infiltrations by terrorists, their audacious attacks on security forces, and radicalisation of the youth who have been challenging the security forces on the streets. Al Qaida has, in a document entitled “Code of Conduct for Mujahideen in the Subcontinent”, while laying down the do’s and dont’s for the mujahideen, declared that it will be targeting Indian security installations and leaders of Hindu organisations. The Islamic State in a video has threatened to wage jihad against India, and urged all Muslims to take revenge for the injustices to Indian Muslims in Kashmir and for the communal riots in Gujarat and Muzaffarnagar.  Pic credits: http://governancetoday.co.in/the-complex-case-of-indias-internal-security/ Issues: Fundamentals of security management have not been given due importance. Successive governments have not cared to codify the country’s internal security doctrine. Ad hoc decisions are being taken on crucial matters. The US and UK revise their national security doctrines every year and place them in the public domain. We have done nothing of the sort, despite the fact that our internal security problems are far more complex. There is no long-term policy for Jammu and Kashmir, nor is there any strategic vision to tackle the Maoist insurgency. Another flaw has been the absence of an institutional response. The National Security Advisory Board (NSAB) was liquidated. The NSAB has now been revived, though in an emaciated form. Successive governments has not paid adequate attention to strengthening the internal security apparatus. The police continues to be in a shambles. The Supreme Court gave historic directions in 2006 for police reforms, but the states haven’t taken the suggested reforms seriously. The Government of India never showed the kind of seriousness it should have for the implementation of judicial directions. The government is yet to finalise the Delhi Police Bill even though Soli Sorabjee had prepared the draft more than a decade back. The prime minister’s concept of a SMART police could never take off because of the indifference of the states. Even important counter-terrorism projects being shelved. It was proposed to set up a National Counter-Terrorism Centre (NCTC). True, the scheme had some objectionable features, but those could have been rectified and the NCTC put in place. But he NCTC project remains in limbo. For further reference: Police reforms in India Steps taken: On the Naxal front- the Conference of Chief Ministers of the affected states held in Delhi on May 9, came up with a new formula of SAMADHAN to tackle the problem. S stands for smart leadership, A for aggressive strategy, M for motivation and training, A for actionable intelligence, D for dashboard-based key performance indicators and key result areas, H for harnessing technology, A for action plan for each theatre and N for no access to financing. However, the Naxal problem is much too complex and requires a very comprehensive strategy. On the Northeastern front, a framework agreement has been negotiated between the Government of India and the Naga Socialist Council of Nagaland (Issac-Muivah group) in August 2015. However, it appears to have hit a road block. Muivah continues to harp on “Naga sovereignty”. SMART police concept. Challenge: The founding fathers of the constitution had placed police and public order in the State List of the Seventh Schedule. They could not have foreseen the complex law and order scenario that would evolve in the coming decades. Way ahead: With the emergence of organised crime and the threat of terrorism the old order must be revamped. In the context of the police being misused and abused by the state leaders and the overwhelming dependence of state governments on central forces round the year, police should be transferred to the Concurrent List. Police reforms suggested by Supreme court in Praksah Singh case, 2006 must be implemented in an expeditious manner. It is high time that the government took the hard decisions necessary to strengthen our northern frontiers. Conclusion: Are we prepared to deal with these growing threats? It would be difficult to give an affirmative answer. A strategic vision and a comprehensive long term-plan are called for while the internal security apparatus is overhauled and modernised. Connecting the dots: India's internal security problems are too complex. The internal security apparatus must be thus overhauled and modernised. Discuss. 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Jul 8, 2017 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs 8th July, 2017

IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 8th July 2017 Archives NATIONAL TOPIC: General studies 1 Effects of Globalization on Indian Society; Urbanization and related issues General studies 2 Important aspects of governance and e-governance Issues regarding services relating to Health, Education, Human Resource Multiplicity of authorities- A major challenge in success of Smart City Mission A multiplicity of authorities is a major problem in metropolitan cities. Issue: Cities in India are governed by multiple organisations and authorities which have their own jurisdictions; thus Indian cities are characterised by multiple boundaries. The governing authorities in a city include urban local bodies (ULB) with the primary functions of service delivery, planning for socio-economic development and regulation of development. This results in their subdivision into different wards. Large cities also have development authorities, urban development authorities or improvement trusts responsible for planning and development that divide cities into various planning zones. Line departments, that is sector-specific organisations, deal with the provision of services in their respective sectors — the water supply agency has its own supply zones. Sewage disposal is also done based on various zones. The organisations responsible for safety and security delineate another set of zones. None of these zones is coterminus, generating a ‘maze of boundaries’. Since planning aims at achieving a shared vision, the different spatial entities of the city formed by non-coterminus boundaries deter effective planning and good governance. Example: Until 2012, Delhi was governed by three municipal corporations — the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD), the New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) and the Delhi Cantonment Board. In 2012, the MCD area was divided into three municipal corporations — the North Delhi Municipal Corporation, the South Delhi Municipal Corporation and the East Delhi Municipal Corporation. Thus the NCT is governed by five bodies. The Delhi Jal Board, the authority responsible for water and sewage management within the jurisdiction of the NCT, has delineated 11 zones. The Delhi Police looks after the safety and security of 13 districts. The Delhi Traffic Police has divided the NCT into 11 districts, which are subdivided into 53 traffic circles. The multiple boundaries of jurisdictions of all these governing bodies and their spatial non-alignment and non-coherence further reinstates the argument of a ‘maze of boundaries’. What needs to be done? A minimum organisational set-up is suggested to bring the multiple agencies on a common platform to determine a metropolitan-wide strategy for planning and implementation. The Singapore model: Singapore, with its planning boundaries and smart urban development, is a good example. The urban planning boundaries of Singapore were first delineated by the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) in the 1991 Concept Plan. It comprised 55 planning areas organised into five planning regions, namely, the central, west, north, north-east and east regions. The 2014 master plan retains the five planning regions and 55 areas which are further divided into smaller subzones. The fact to be noted is that since the implementation of these boundaries, other departments have also adopted them for their administrative purposes. The unified boundaries of the various forces in planning and coordinated efforts have contributed to the planned and smart urban development of Singapore. Conclusion: In India, the Smart Cities Mission, an initiative meant to drive economic growth and improve the quality of life of people, calls for appropriate local spatial development plans. However, a multiplicity of boundaries is a deterrent for proper planning efforts and good governance. The existing maze of boundaries needs to be revamped for more coherent and integrated planning and governance. Connecting the dots: Discuss how multiplicity of authorities in Indian cities mainly metropolitan areas hinders planned and smart urban development. INTERNAL SECURITY/NATIONAL TOPIC: General Studies 3 Security challenges and their management in border areas; linkages of organized crime with terrorism. Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security. General Studies 2 India and its neighborhood- relations. Kashmir Issue- An analysis Background: It has been a year since Kashmir turned on its head and went on the path of self-destruction ostensibly under a new leadership and new foot soldiers. Burhan Wani’s death, in an encounter on July 8, 2016, led to the outpouring of emotions which got converted to extreme violence and led to a change in the nature of the conflict. Turn of events: 2011-2013: Was the peaceful period. 2008-2010: The separatists attempted a strategy of combining terror and street turbulence to make their struggle more relevant. 2011-2013 : was a recovery time which the Indian establishment failed to cash-in on despite its default actions of changed strategy of outreach and engagement, and the interlocutors’ genuine attempt at discerning the aspirations and seeking the path of compromise. The ray of hope created in the people, especially the youth, did not find matching energy or a sense of commitment and continuity in the establishment. The demand by the state government to do away with the AFSPA and the contestation by the army only helped create wrong narratives and took the focus away from the emerging situation. Drift was the order of the day. It is this drift and the dashing of hope of the people that led to the rise of Burhan Wani and the renewed romanticism with the gun. It was brushed aside as an isolated resurgence among renegades but the groundswell of support eluded our assessment. The engagement with the people once again became transactional, providing the window that was needed by the separatists to energise the movement. Pakistan started focusing on the Jammu sector because it was easier to infiltrate and execute actions there in a single night. Issues: It may be an important lessons to note that the new militancy characterised by the presence of social media-wielding youth was little understood by the establishment, intelligence agencies and the media. Their assessments were archaic and based on assumed beliefs. The youth were building a new narrative of resistance through social media outreach. The state was observing this but did little to launch an effective counter in the domain that mattered — social media or any form of communication to the public. Social media, ideology and religion are the last things that the security establishment understands because it involves rebooting, relearning, mastering technology and most importantly, getting to know the religious underpinnings of the time. With their typical tenure-based approach to problem solving, the security establishment does not display the capability to assess intellectually or learn nuances beyond the ordinary response involving gun-on-gun. Intelligence agencies have a better measure of institutional continuity but lack the means of persuasion to convince and thereby alter understanding and planning. In the domain of military deployment: The army always laid great stress on North Kashmir. This was quite natural with three of its major formation headquarters located there and the task of counter infiltration based on LoC deployment which is essentially army-oriented. By contrast, South Kashmir had only a single Rashtriya Rifles (RR)) force headquarters but it had Pulwama, Shopian, Anantnag and Pampore, all trouble spots where the better educated youth reside. Way forward: Absence of or lower level of military achievements does not mean normality. It is the social parameters that need to be viewed. The virtual denudation of the southern belt below Shopian Kulgam and the overall inadequacy of troops in the south allowed local militancy to bloom. When it did, we fought it in the physical domain while it was actually flowering in the virtual and psychological domain. The deployment of all forces must be more balanced and no premature withdrawal should be executed on the basis of statistical inputs. The fight in the psychological domain can no longer be ignored. This needs an approach beyond what the army has provided; the army’s achievements are highly creditable but can no longer remain the only domain of focused strategic communication. The continuity factor in a hybrid conflict environment has to be taken into consideration. Personnel management practices cannot override national needs and the best talent must be made available to fight the enemies of the state. It’s only then that the campaign becomes comprehensive. Connecting the dots: Challenges in Kashmir ranges from increasing radicalisation among the youths, usage of new modes of resistance like social media, traditional approach of security establishment to deal with issues at hand to issues related with military deployment. Discuss. MUST READ Electric horses Hindu Substance and optics Hindu Redraw the lines Hindu Teething troubles Indian Express A spurious link Indian Express Realism and renewables Business Line Brexit mires Britain in uncertainty Business Line  

Jul 7, 2017 RSTV Video

The Big Picture - Farmers' Agitation: Reasons, Solutions

Farmers' Agitation: Reasons, Solutions Archives TOPIC: General Studies 2 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. In news: Hundreds of farmers in Rajasthan had decided to go on strike. Farmers under the banners of Kisan Sangharsh Samiti had given ultimatum to state government to meet their demand of better crop prices, agricultural pensions and loan waivers. Local farm leaders under the banner Bharatiya Kisan Sangh said that protests were spillover of similar demonstrations in MP. The snowballing of farm protests are a challenge for present government as it has made the agricultural sector a focus and promised to double the agricultural incomes by 2022. Angry farmers say that they can’t afford sell their produce below par prices and want the administration to create a safety net. Background There has been element of agrarian crisis for 20 years between 1997-2017. One big indicator is farmer suicides. If broken up in period with agriculture doing well and not doing well, there has been persistence of agrarian distress and suicides through both the periods. This means that farmer doesn’t do well even when agriculture does well. Last three seasons there has been debate on drought. Even though consumers were paying high prices, value realisation for farmers were poor. Rabi and kharif were good crops, yet value realisation was poor. Reasons for crisis On one hand, agriculture is becoming a costly enterprise- farmers have to incur debts and on both kind of seasons- good and bad, the farmers are not getting adequate prices for their products. This is resulting in continuing distress. The second is no proper market to sell their produce. Relying on madis has made them prone to middlemen interference which has reduced their fair share of prices. Farmers are not getting proper price of their produce neither cost of production value. After implementation of LPG policies, farmers were the worst sufferers. There is no market for fruits and vegetables in the country as there are no cold storage in rural areas, no agro processing units in rural areas. Discussion about food parks and large industries is for big corporates and not general farming community which has led to farmers suffering post harvest losses. North east India had been identified as a horticulture promoting states. However, even after undertaking such farming, adequate infrastructure nor market was provided for the harvest. They have now shifted to their traditional crops. The cost of production is increasing day by day by corporate agricultural model. It is main cause for debt in agricultural sector. Seed cost, input cost, irrigation cost, fertilisation cost has increased but the productivity has not increased nor has their supply price. Backward states like Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhatisgarh don’t see such farm unrest because subsistence farming is still practices over there. Hence, they don’t have huge corporate debts accrued over time. The average family income of farmers is low which cannot help them sustain their consumption needs. Hence there is no possibility of investment in agricultural technology. In most cases in agriculture, most farmers in low level equilibrium trap cannot come out because of rising cost of production, fluctuations in price market. Non-crop agriculture and livestock agriculture constitutes about 30% of agricultural. National dairy development board study shows that nearly 50% profit in the dairy sector is by selling of cattle. If that is restrictions on that, then the sector will suffer a lot. In Maharashtra- vidarbh and Marathawada are suffering from drought. But the agitation has started from economically sound area. The farmers have to sell their produce of onions and tomatoes at 2-4/kg but when it reaches consumers, it is 20/kg. Thus questions such as who decides this margins, who are the forces who are getting the huge benefit on agricultural produce need answers. Possible steps to address the unrest Revamping the mandi system- Famers put their produce in the mandi from where it goes free hand from farmers’ side and depends on traders- small, large and corporate traders. The government should change this system. It has to directly link farmers to consumers. Else the middlemen will artificially raise the prices of all food items for their own benefit and farmers and consumers will have to lastly suffer. True picture of agriculture- MP had impressive agricultural growth in past few years yet it saw widespread agitation and farmer protests. This proves that growth does not reflect reality which shows problems with data. There are policies like PM Krishi Sinchayi Yojaana, Fasal Bima Yojana which aim to help the famers. However, many state governments have not adopted the crop insurance scheme. Thus there is a need for sensitivity on part of central and state governments. Need of a fundamental shift for agriculture. Different parties have to come to power but there is no change in fundamental situation of farmers. Still the agricultural structure continues to be middlemen driven. The agriculture and corporate relationship across the world, in developing countries it is seen that when there is a greater emphasis in promoting corporate structure in economy, there is a tendency to keep food and agricultural prices low. Unless and until there is a certain effort, concerted move and a structured plan to get over this situation, there is not many chances that situation will improve. Farm loan waiver This concept has been studies well in the context of Vidarbh prices, Andhra and Kerala debt crisis. In all these context, the loans from banks cover only a fraction of the farmer- 30-50% of farmers. Most of the loans are extended to small, medium and medium large farmers and not to marginal farmers. Thus the root of crisis is farmers have to rely on informal channels of loans at high interest loans. Thus, the banking loans waiver is not going to solve the crux of the problem. Conclusion There has been rhetoric in last 10 years in favour of agricultural but very few concrete steps have been taken. There is need to look at farming policies, the role of bovine and livestock economy and how it is linked to wider processes of marketing and sale. It is true that many policies are undertaken which have the capability to show the dividends, but it cannot be possible suddenly. Overnight, it is not possible to create 15 million tons capacity of cold storage facility. Also, farm loan waivers is not a temporary solution as it has more drawbacks than gains. The political class, the academicians and agricultural theorists need to sit together and look at concrete comprehensive plans to address the agrarian crisis. Connecting the dots: Agrarian crisis have always been critical in affecting India’s economy. Identify the key areas and evaluate which need to be addressed to bring a long term solution for bringing farmers at peace. What is agricultural corporate model? Analyse its impact on Indian economy and society.

Jul 6, 2017 AIR

All India Radio - National Maritime Day

National Maritime Day ARCHIVES Search 5th April 2017 http://www.newsonair.com/Main_Audio_Bulletins_Search.aspx TOPIC: General Studies 2 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. General Studies 3 Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc. Security challenges and their management in border areas; April 5 marks the National Maritime Day of India. On this day in 1919 navigation history was created when SS Loyalty, the first ship of the Scindia Steam Navigation Company, journeyed to the United Kingdom. The National Maritime Day was first celebrated on 5th April, 1964. Background The strategic geographical position of the Indian sub-continent with vast expanse of the seas around naturally led to seafaring even in the days of the Indus Valley civilisation Since time immemorial Indians have displayed a remarkable interest in seafaring and maritime activities. The shipbuilding industry in India had shown great progress so long as sailing ships with wooden hull were in vogue. Since the dawn of history Indians have participated in international sea-borne commerce. The advent of Europeans opened India’s coasts for trade and commerce. Today, International Maritime Organisation is the United Nation’s specialised agency which is responsible for improving maritime safety and preventing pollution from ships. The Organisation also convenes international maritime conferences and drafts international maritime conventions from time to time. India joined IMO in 1959. India has about 7516 kilometres of coastline serviced by a total of 182 ports, 12 of them under a special status as Major Ports being under the purview of the Central Government. The Indian Ports Act (IPA), 1908 is the governing Act which defines the jurisdiction of Central and State Governments over ports. The Act empowers the respective governments in administering and developing the ports. The Act also provides for private sector participation in a Government-controlled port. The States administer the minor ports either through State Maritime Board (Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal) or through State Government Departments. Maritime Boards have structures and power to a large extent similar to those of Board of Trustees in a Major Port. Importance of navy The Indian Navy, which is responsible for guarding the country’s shores and protecting our shipping in times of war, has also considerably expanded and strengthened into a potent force. Importance of National Maritime Day It celebrated to encourage the merchant shipping industry of India. Shipping contributes a lot to the country’s economy. At present, 90% of India’s international trade in terms of volume and 77% in terms of value is moved by sea. Indian merchant captains, officers and sailors are highly regarded round the world- one of the maximum captains of VLCC- very large crude carriers are Indians. Talking about national maritime policies, to have a healthy trade and keep it going, there is a need of strong navy. Two of the biggest sea lane communications pass close by from India. India also had issues of piracy which was moving towards India’s west coast but was pushed back by Indian Navy. Thus Indian navy as well as Coast Guard has played an important role in maintaining the sanctity of the sea. However, despite being 13th largest shipping nation in the world, India depends on foreign ships to bring goods into India. Therefore, growth of Indian navy is important with 46 ships to be made in India but merchant navy shouldn’t be also neglected. Sagarmala Sagar Mala project is a strategic and customer-oriented initiative of the Government of India to modernize India's Ports so that port-led development can be augmented and coastlines can be developed to contribute in India's growth. Now it has been further developed to SAGAR- Security and Growth for All holds true. Integration of railways, shipping, navy, security, intelligence agencies, sensors, radars is the main aim of Sagarmala. Its main aim is improving the connectivity. The departments have to cooperate with each other, thus it is a task where interdependence between ministries. Thus, the seas are today blue economy with more and more industry, ports, exports etc depending on sea trade. For a country like India, navy must be much bigger. After independence, there was a need for increasing infrastructure spending as well as battling more chronic problems like poverty. Hence, balancing of fiscal availability was important. Opportunity galore The merchant ship building and the navy ship building offers lot of opportunity for jobs, especially the technical jobs. Building of nuclear submarine or ship requires high-end technology which India had been lacking till now. However, unfortunately, the merchant shipping building has not taken off because India has not been able to give subsidies for it compared to China, Japan, Korea. This has made India lag behind even today in merchant ship building though small private ports do build ships. There is a lot of infrastructure, technology and job opportunities to be built in India. Hence, the seas and the land have to be developed in a balance manner. White shipping agreement White shipping information refers to exchange of relevant advance information on the identity and movement of commercial non-military merchant vessels. India has white shipping agreements with 24 countries, especially who are India’s trading partner. It is linked between naval operations and commercial shipping companies. The seas of the entire world are inter-linked and vessels can sail routinely around the globe in pursuit of cargo. Thus a vessel that is in Indian waters today maybe sailing towards a distant destination and similarly several vessels set sail from ports around the globe could be bound for India. Having advance information of the vessel, its destination and planned itinerary, etc. is thus extremely helpful towards collating an effective MDA as it can then be properly identified when detected. Thus, white shipping cooperation is one of the largest movements to make sure the seas are safe- freedom of navigation, unfortunately one nation is stopping this navigation. More cooperation with nations and exchange of information will help to identify the needy resources. Marine Police Marine police is first tier near the coast, followed by coast guard and then navy- the three tiers of coastal security network. The mercantile shipping depends largely on it. The police has to maintain the sea borders and become more professional. They have to maintain boats, keep it 24/7 moving as coast guard and navy are more deep into the sea. The ministry of home is trying to . It has also established a Central Marine Force. Conclusion Coastal shipping is more cheaper than roads and railways. However, the procedures of custom, security and terrorism doesn’t make it easy and viable. The foreign companies are not allowed to invest in coastal shipping. Thus, India’s ships do the coastal trade of less than 300 tons. 40% of cargo is carried by foreign ships. Thus there is a need of 40% more ships from 11.2 dead weight tons currently present to 20 million tons dead weight. A position of National maritime security advisor has to be created as it is of immense importance. Future of India is dependent on maritime. Such a post will boost India’s security status, economic growth, tourism industry giving rise to blue economy. Thus, India has to develop an integrated plan which will connect railways, shipping, navy coastguard. Connecting the dots: What is the importance of maritime security in India’s economic development? Analyse.

Jul 6, 2017 AIR

All India Radio - World Autism Awareness Day

World Autism Awareness Day ARCHIVES Search 3rd April 2017 http://www.newsonair.com/Main_Audio_Bulletins_Search.aspx TOPIC: General Studies 1 Population and associated issues, General Studies 2 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. World autism Day is celebrated every year on 2nd April. Every year, autism organizations around the world celebrate the day with unique fundraising and awareness-raising events. The aim is to increase awareness about the autism disorder and instead of denying it, it is better that it is accepted and subsequently managed. Autism or Autism spectrum disorder is under the umbrella of pervasive developmental disorder. The term “spectrum” reflects the wide variation in challenges and strengths possessed by each person with autism. Here the main symptoms or deficits are in area of socialisation and communication. Autism is a serious developmental disorder that impairs the ability to communicate and interact. Treatment can help, but this condition can't be cured It is chronic i.e. it can last for years or be lifelong Identification of symptoms As early as about 15 months, if the child is not responding to the name or making eye contact, these can be alarming symptoms. Usually speech delay is considered more prominent factor, but speech delays can be because of other areas also. If a child is not responsive, there is a need to show it to a professional.  A formal diagnosis can be made only after two years of age. There are also formal tests like childhood autism rating scale on the basis of child psychologist and paediatrician, this disorder can be diagnosed. The early detection is the key to management of this disorder. Many a times the child is not responding or is responding sporadically, is fixated certain toys and doesn’t want to let go them. Usually child is under the paediatric care and monitoring in the first early years of life of about 5 years. Early intervention First, the parents shouldn’t be afraid or scared. Many times there are developmental delays also which could manifest in this form. But if the child is diagnosed with autism, there is no need to panic. There are good professional facilitates available for management of these symptoms and now a day’s many schools are equipped with professionals to deal with these children. Parents have to understand that earlier the intervention is started with, the better will be the management of the symptoms. There can be prevention of lot of difficulties and problems. There will be many areas of concern with the child, early intervention can help the child and the parent to cope up with it well. Many sensory issues are there which change over a period of time as a child grows up. Those could be sensory integrative dysfunctions in a technical language. It means that child may seek certain visual senses, auditory inputs and may get self-occupied. These are things which only a professional can identify. The earlier these starts, it improves the functionality of the child so that it responds better to the environment. Involvement of parents Parents are the key to management of their children. These children require constant supervision and monitoring, especially in the earlier phases of therapy. Lot of parents go to speech therapist when their child has a speech delay. There is no harm in that, but for autistic child, there is a need to start with occupational therapy which takes care of sensory integrative dysfunction and behaviour therapy. Then they can visit the child psychologist who can then refer to various other therapies the parents can go to. Multidisciplinary team works in collaboration on the child. According to the needs, the inputs are varied and symptoms of autism are managed. Parents are required all the time as half an hour with the therapist is not sufficient. There are plans which need to be worked with total confidence at home. Only when the parents work as co-therapist, the children can be better managed. Denial can lead to disasters Parents generally tend to deny that their child is suffering with autism. Professionals have to provide right kind of mental education to these parents. They have to them about the possibilities rather than limitations. There are many windows closed when it is talked of an autistic kid, but there are many doors that are also opened. They have to use those opportunities and strengths to help work on the limitation of the child. They have to be also told about positives of the early intervention. Hence, sensitisation is very important. Child with autism requires a group of therapies which work in effective management of autism. If not exposed the child to them because of denial, it can do more damage to child than making a progress. Self-treatment should be stopped Many a times, parents are diagnosing on own. Even if the child is not autistic, they say it is autistic. Hence, they should not do what they are not trained for. Right kind of treatment has to be sought. Infrastructure The professionals, the infrastructure, the methods are present and are growing. There is a need for trained professionals which is increasing against the diagnosis of autism disorder. The involvement of the professionals from the right time will help in autism management. Hereditary Till now the results of the research are not very conclusive if autism is a hereditary disorder or not. There is no one factor which a reason for autism. Lot of factors are present- it could be genetic, environmental or something during pregnancy. Myths There is a promising future for these children. The intensity with which the child is affected varies from case to case. Paediatrician is the first choice for the parents. If the parents are yet not satisfied, they can consult a child psychologist. Depending on the functionality, schooling is suggested to them. But one of the most important things is that they need supervised peer and social interaction. They can be taken to parks and schools where there was social interaction. The days of special schools are not now as this is an era of inclusive education. There are schools which have special set up where autistic child is part of normal classrooms. Myths like children will be a burden, they will not be functional are not true. Usually they have intellectual deficit and some of these children are extremely bright and are high functioning. They may not be good at communicating or socialising, but they are not in any way inferior. Some of them may have difficulty in terms of their functioning intellectually, but not all autistic kids are dull in terms of intellectual functioning. Barriers in treatment The biggest barrier is the lack of awareness and denial on part of parents. Family members may compare that the child’s parent also faced problems in reaching the growth milestones so it is nothing. Sometimes, the child reaches the school stage and is referred for an evaluation. In some cases the parents feel that they can manage it better as they feel they have neglected the child. However, it is not due to neglect. The symptoms can exacerbate because of the neglect but it will not be a cause because of the neglect. Thus, self-treatment should be avoided and professional should be consulted for best results. Conclusion Importance of autism awareness day is that there is a need to create awareness about autism. Earlier autism was mixed as kind of psychosis but research and studies into this area has created more insights into the autism disorder. This issue can be brought into public sphere with more publicity and can be presented creatively in advertisements and movies to create awareness. Connecting the dots: Psychological disorder is often considered a taboo in the society. Its denial has hampered the lives of the sufferers as well as their near ones. Discuss the role of the stakeholders in the society.  

Jul 6, 2017 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs 6th July, 2017

IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 6th July 2017 Archives NATIONAL TOPIC: General Studies 2 Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity. Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e‐governance‐ applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures. Prison Reforms In news: The brutal murder of a woman life convict in the Byculla women’s prison in Mumbai recently has brought the focus back on custodial violence, especially the vulnerability of inmates to authoritarian behaviour. Issues: The issues range from prisoners’ rights, health, hygiene and access to legal aid, to the condition of women inmates and their children. Over the past years, incidents of murder, suicides and attacks on other prisoners have been reportedly increased. The overcrowding of prisons in the country is a long-standing problem. The Supreme Court itself highlighted that prisons in Delhi and nine States have an occupancy rate of 150 per cent of their capacity. The average occupancy in all jails in the country was 117.4 per cent, as of December 31, 2014. Cramped conditions in prison militate against the prisoner’s right to good health and dignity. An excessive prison population creates problems of hygiene, sanitation, management and discipline. Of equal concern are the available staff strength and the level of training they receive. A little over two-thirds of India’s prisoners are undertrials. Poverty remains the main reason for this, as most prisoners are unable to execute bail bonds or provide sureties. Since 2014, there is some effort to invoke Section 436A of the Code of Criminal Procedure, under which undertrials who have completed half of the maximum jail term specified for their offences may be released on personal bonds. Corruption, discrimination and inequality: Not all prisoners are treated in same way. Politicians get better treatment, whereas general public have to undergo inhuman conditions. In the last half century, the superior courts have passed a series of orders to reform jails but the government both at centre and states is not taking such orders seriously. What is the government doing? Supreme Court had earlier directed the States to prepare a plan of action to reduce crowding and to augment infrastructure so that more space is available to each prisoner. But not even one State or Union Territory took any action. Recently acting on the directions of the Bombay High Court, the Maharashtra government has constituted a five-member committee to look into jail reforms. The Union Home Minister released a model jail manual last year. It aims at bringing in basic uniformity in laws, rules and regulations governing the administration of prisons and the management of prisoners all over the country Model jail manual: Access to free legal services – Based on Article 39A of the Constitution. Additional provisions for women prisoners has been drawn from the United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Female Prisoners and Non-Custodial Measures for Women Offenders adopted by the UN General Assembly (UN Bangkok Rules). Rights of prisoners sentenced to death Provisions for children of women prisoners – to ensure holistic development of children of women prisoners. Inspection of Prisons – to help identify existing issues and deficiencies which could then be remedied through appropriate action. Way forward: The management of prisons must be marked by firm discipline. Due regard should be given to the human rights of prisoners. Prison reforms are not only about amenities and conditions; they must also address the prisoner’s right to life. Separation of criminals and undertrials in jail. Classification of crimes into normal, violent, heinous etc. Then criminals of different categories could be segregated based on the seriousness of their crime. Basic facilities in jail to ensure skill development of a criminal, such that he/she can earn a basic living once his term of punishment is over. Having a proper policy for parole and furloughs and disseminating information about the same to prisoners so that everyone can exercise this right. Having a policy of rehabilitation of criminals in society as productive members. Initiatives like a restaurant staffed by Tihar Jail inmates could be duplicated elsewhere in the country. Conclusion: Failing to address the problem of crowded jails may prove costly for the administration of criminal justice. Prison reforms must be directed at securing the rights of inmates. State is under an obligation to protect the residuary rights of prisoners after they surrender their liberty to a legal process. Connecting the dots: Prison reforms in India is a long-standing issue. Discuss. Prison inmates in India faces a range of issues ranging from health, hygiene and access to legal aid. Protecting the rights of prison inmates is important for criminal justice system. Discuss. ECONOMY/ENVIRONMENT TOPIC: General Studies 3 Green Bonds and issues related to it Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment (especially in Environment and Renewable energy sector). Environment and Ecology, Bio diversity – Conservation, environmental degradation, environmental impact assessment, Environment versus Development Issues relating to renewable energy technology and developing new technology. Transforming India into a truly green economy Background: Climate change is arguably the biggest challenge of our times and poses a global threat to civilisation as we know it. The climate crisis holds a promise of ushering in an age of collaboration and disruptive innovation and is also perhaps the biggest opportunity of our times. Targets set: National target of reducing emissions intensity of GDP by 33-35 per cent by 2030. Reducing India’s reliance on fossil fuels and increasing the share of renewables in its energy mix to 40 per cent by 2030. Recent aim of making India the first country in the world with all-electric vehicles by 2030. Finance needed: India needs an estimated $2.5 trillion by 2030 to meet its climate goals. $200 billion is needed for 100 GW solar and 60 GW wind power installation by 2022. A combination of financial instruments will help here. What needs to be done? Making the required financing available: The transition to a ‘low-carbon economy’ is entirely dependent on the mobilisation of large financial resources. India’s ambitious Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), part of the Paris Agreement, are estimated by the Government to cost $2.5 trillion by 2030. According to industry estimates, the target of achieving a renewable energy installed capacity of 175 GW by 2022 alone would warrant $100 billion in investments. The mammoth scale of such funding requirement has made climate finance a critical component in climate-proofing the economy. Financial institutions can play a crucial role in mobilising climate finance and investments by leveraging existing financial mechanisms. Leveraging the debt market, Green Bonds have emerged as a successful bridge between capital markets and addressing climate change. Since its first issuance in 2007, by two multilateral development banks (World Bank and European Investment Bank), green bonds have grown exponentially as a key tool to raise climate finance, Other innovative mechanisms such as blue bonds have great potential to emerge as a mainstream financing mechanism for water related projects. Green municipal bonds hold promise towards building the 100 smart cities planned by India, through market interventions to revive the dormant municipal bonds market. International and multilateral organisations have also been supporting climate action in developing nations like India by deploying green finance. The Green Climate Fund has recently announced that it would invest in a ground water recharge and solar micro-irrigation project in vulnerable tribal areas in Orissa for the next four years. Funds such as these serve the dual purpose of bridging the financing gap for sustainable development and establishing feasibility of investments in new sectors. The GCF is a unique global initiative by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to respond to climate change by investing into low-emission and climate-resilient development. Ensuring innovation in deployment of fund available: Effective deployment and channelisation of funds to the emerging climate positive sectors is crucial. Innovation is key to create new and tailor-made financial products and services. For a sector like renewable energy which has reached a certain scale, Securitisation of long term assets. There is a need to ensure access to mainstream financing channels. Financial mechanisms such as credit enhancement are instrumental in reducing the perceived high risk. For smaller and more local climate adaptation initiatives, blended finance can help leverage public funds to crowd in private investments and drive socio-environmental benefits for local communities. Augmenting on internal sources: The role of Indian banks and development financial institutions (DFIs) as a facilitator of green growth is critical. They can contribute to green growth by encouraging e-transactions and e-statements and converting their premises to ‘green’ buildings. They can assess environmental, social and governance (ESG) risks while appraising projects for financing: currently, most banks and DFIs do not factor these in while evaluating project proposals. There is a need to introduce green financial products. To meet green financing need, DFIs and banks are expected to float ‘green bonds’ both in the domestic and international markets. For example, YES Bank has already raised ₹1,000 crore by floating green infra bonds and Exim Bank has obtained $500 million through the issue of green dollar bonds. Two important RBI initiatives are noteworthy. One, renewable energy project financing was included under the priority sector lending category in July 2015. Two, companies are allowed to sell rupee-denominated bonds overseas which, in turn, facilitates the institution to obtain overseas debt without exposure to currency risks Conclusion: Though the green finance space has witnessed significant developments in India, there is still enormous untapped potential. With climate action taking centrestage in policy decisions globally, it is time for collaborative efforts and disruptive innovations to unleash the full potential of the new economy and embark on a journey of green growth. Connecting the dots: What do you understand by the term Green finance? Discuss how India can transform itself into a green economy. 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Jul 6, 2017

MOTIVATION and TOPPER’S STRATEGY: Ravi P Meena, Rank 694, CSE-2016, First Attempt, 161 Marks in ESSAY, हिंदी Medium- IASbaba’s TLP Student

नमस्कार दोस्तों, मेरी इस साल सिविल सेवा परीक्षा में हिंदी माध्यम से 694 रैंक थी, यह मेरा पहला प्रयास था| इस परीक्षा की सही रणनीति जानने से पहले, यह जानना जरूरी है कि UPSC को किस तरह की अभिवृति(aptitude) वाले लोग चाहिए| मेरी इस परीक्षा के बारे में जो समझ बनी है, उसके आधार पर मुझे लगताहै कि अगर किसी भी अभ्यर्थी में निम्न गुण है तो, रास्ता बहुत आसानहो जाता है, जैसे- जिस भी भाषा में हम परीक्षा लिख रहे हैं उस पर बहुत अच्छी पकड़ होनी चाहिए, अभिव्यक्ति कौशल इस परीक्षा में बहुत काम आताहै| IIT कानपुरसे होने के बाद भी मैंने हिंदी माध्यम में परीक्षा दी क्योंकि मुझे स्वयं को अभिव्यक्त करने में हिंदी में बहुत सहूलियत महसूस होती थी, इसलिए माध्यम चयन का सबसे सही तरीका यही होना चाहिए|हालांकि मैंने आधी तैयारी अंग्रेजी में उपलब्ध स्रोतों से की थी| दूसरा, अगर अभ्यर्थी की स्कूल समय से ही सामाजिक अध्ययन के विषयों में अच्छी रूचि रही है और ग्रेजुएशनके दौरान करंट अफेयर्स आदि में भी रूचि रही हो तो भी बहुत आसानी रहती है| एक संतुलित, और तार्किक सोच होना बहुत जरूरी है| रटने की बजाय समझ विकसित की जानी चाहिए, और interconnected study औरविश्लेषणात्मक (analytical) सोचकी बहुत जरुरत है| एकाग्र औरप्रसंगानुरूपसंगतयानिto the point होना बहुत महत्तवपूर्ण है| और हाँ, मेहनती होना तो जरूरी है ही, परअपने लक्ष्यों को ईमानदारी से और समयबद्ध तरीके से प्राप्त करने की कोशिश रहनी चाहिए, जैसे कॉलेज में मेरी कोशिश रहती थी वैकल्पिक HSS courses (Humanities and social science) में उन्ही का चुनाव करूँ जो मुझे इस परीक्षा में मदद करें और उन्हीं एक्टिविटीज में हिस्सा लिया जो इस दिशा में लाभप्रद रहें| अभ्यर्थियों को उपर्युक्तगुण विकसित करने चाहिए क्योंकि यह परीक्षा ज्ञान और मेहनत से ज्यादा व्यक्तित्व की परीक्षा है, और यही कारण है कि कई लोग प्रथम प्रयास में निकाल लेते है और कई को समय लगता है| अबअध्ययन की रणनीति की बात करते हैं, यहाँ मैं उत्तर लेखन,मैन्स की रणनीति और निबंध और कुछ अध्ययन स्रोतों की बात करूंगा, कुछ चीजें जो छूट गयीं हैं उनके लिए मैंने एक विडियो शेयर किया है उसमें सभी महत्त्वपूर्ण स्रोतों की जानकारी दी है, आप यह देख सकते हो https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FuR9Nzh9S9g. उत्तर लेखन:- मैंने IASBABA और अन्य ऑनलाइन प्लेटफॉर्म्स पर उत्तर लेखन किया था, कोई औपचारिक टेस्ट सीरीज ज्वाइन नहीं की थी, मेरी सलाह है कि आप भी पूरी श्रृद्धा और विश्वास के साथ ILP और TLP पर उत्तर लिखिए और बाकी लोगों के उत्तर रिव्यु कीजिए, अच्छे उत्तर की निम्न विशेषताएं होनी चाहिए- To the point होना चाहिए, संगतता बहुत जरूरी है| सवाल के हर हिस्से का उत्तर होना चाहिए| intro, body, conclusion सामान्यतया होना चाहिए, इससे जांचने वाले को सहूलियत भी होती है और आपकी अनुशासित और सुलझे हुए व्यक्तित्त्व की छवि उभरती है, हालांकि कुछ मामलों में सवाल की प्रकृति के अनुरूप इसरूपरेखा में बदलाव किया जा सकता है| बिन्दुवार या फिर पैराग्राफ दोनों ही रूप में उत्तर लिखा जा सकता है, खैर, यह प्रश्न की प्रकृति पर निर्भर करता है, तथापिमैंintro और conclusion को छोड़कर body मेंयथासंभव बिन्दुवार लिखने की वकालत करूँगा| flowchart, tables इत्यादि मदद करती हैं| तथ्य और अन्य आंकड़े उचित मात्रा में होने चाहिए ना तो बहुत अधिक ना ही बहुत कम होने चाहिए| और toppers की कॉपी उनके उत्तरों की खासियत समझने की कोशिश करें| २. आगामी मैन्स के लिए: इस बार prelims लिखने वालों को अच्छे परिणाम के लिए शुभकामनाएं| और जो लोग चयन होने ना होने की दुविधा में हैं, उनको मेरी यह सलाह है कि पढ़ाई जारी रखें, उत्तर लेखन का नियमित अभ्यास करें, और अखबारों पर अच्छी नजर रखें, क्योंकि UPSC की अनिश्चित्तता के बारे में कोई नहीं जानता, अगर आप अपने आप को बॉर्डर-लाइनपर समझ रहे हो तो समझदारी इसी में है कि तैयारी करते रहें, क्योंकि इसी तरह की दुविधा पिछले वर्ष मेरे साथ हुई थी और मैंने 1.5 महीने का वक्त बर्बाद कर दिया, वरना रैंक बेहतर हो सकती थी| 1. निबंध का अभ्यास अभी किया जाना चाहिए क्योंकि बाद में वक्त कम होता ही चला जाता है| 2. GS-4 के उत्तर लेखन का विशेष अभ्यास किया जाना चाहिए और किसी अच्छी कोचिंग की टेस्ट सीरीज की ३ घंटे में प्रैक्टिस करें, क्योंकि इसमें समय की सबसे ज्यादा कमी पड़ती  है| और अपने दोस्तों के साथ इसके उत्तरों पर अच्छी चर्चा करें यह बहुत मदद करती है| 3. बाकी के सामान्य अध्ययन के पेपर्स के लिए ऑनलाइन उत्तर लेखन या टेस्ट सीरीज से प्रैक्टिस करे, 4. अब कोर किताबें पढने का समय नहीं है, उन्हें बहुत ही कम पढ़े, बस जो आता है उसी का बेहतर प्रस्तुतिकरण पर ध्यान दें और ऑप्शनल आदि में जो कमी रह रही है उसे पूरा करें| 5. इन चार महीनों के अखबारों के सम्पादकीय सबसे महत्वपूर्ण हैं, उन पर अच्छे से चर्चा और तैयारी करें, और उनमें रटने वाले तथ्य आदि के लिए करंट अफेयर्स की मैगज़ीन आदि का सहारा लें| 6. प्रथम प्रयास वालों के लिए कि यह ही सबसे अच्छा प्रयास होता है, अपनी सम्पूर्ण ऊर्जा लगा दो| निबंध: निबंध में मुझे 161 अंक मिले थे, मैंने केवल ऑनलाइन निबंध लिखे और कुछ निबंध परीक्षा से पहले दोस्तों के साथ लिखे और उन पर चर्चा की| मेरी समझ के हिसाब से अच्छे निबंध की निम्न खासियतें होती हैं: जितनी ज्यादा विवधता संभव हो सकती है, उतने पहलुओं पर विचार किया जाना चाहिए| भाषा तरल और सरल होनी चाहिए, कठिन भाषा से कोई विशेष प्रभाव पड़ने की बजाय कई दफा नकारात्मक छवि भी बन जाती है| और निबंध केवलविषय पर ही होना चाहिए, मैंने अपना निबंध आपसे साझा किया है वो देख सकते हो| तथ्य आंकड़े और बड़े लोगों के कथन इस प्रकार समाविष्ट किये जाएँ कि बोझिल ना लगें| और इन सब बातों का सार यह है किनिबंध ऐसा हो कि जिससे आपके परिपक्व व्यक्तित्व की झलक मिले| हिंदी माध्यम के मित्रों के लिए अपने मन से यह पूर्णतः निकाल देना चाहिए की हम किसी से कम हैं या हिंदी माध्यम के साथ भेदभाव होता है, ये सब बहाने हैं| हाँ कुछ स्रोतों की हिंदी माध्यम में समस्या है उसके लिए कोशिश करके अंग्रेजी की चीजों से पढ़ें, IASBABA जैसी वेबसाइटों का अच्छा उपयोग लें, अगरयहाँ भाषा की समस्या है तो वैकल्पिक स्रोतों का सहारा लें उन्हें ढूंढें, थोड़ी मेहनत करनी पड़ेगी पर काम हो जायेगा|   IASBABA के लिए:         धन्यवाद,आभार, मैं कृतज्ञ हूँ, अपने इस अच्छे काम को जारी रखिये, ताकिदिल्ली को दूर समझने वाले, अपने लैपटॉप से दुनिया ढूँढने वाले लोग भी बिना मुखर्जी नगर आये, अपनी मम्मी के हाथ की रोटी खाते हुए IAS बन सकें|   Book list GS Preparation for Prelims (Summary) Study material / Guidance   Basic Books     M. Laxmikanth or DD Basu, Bipin Chandra or Spectrum history, TN board class 11th history and + new NCERTS for Ancient and medieval. 6th to 12th NCERTs for Geography. Eco. Survey for Economy. Current Affairs   Hindu, and IE + u can follow IASBABA summaries. Test Series   Join any good test series. I Solved IASBABA 60 day program also. Recommended IASbaba's ILP Any other   Solve as many questions as you can. And revise their solutions 2-3 times. GS Mains Preparation (Summary) Paper Study Material/Guidance Current Issues Source Answer Writing Practice GS Paper 1     NCERTs for Geo., BIPIN CHANDRA, new NCERTs for History and ART and culture and Sociology NCERTs.   Newspaper Indian express and the Hindu Write answers and get them evaluated from friends , fellow aspirants. Use online platforms as TLP/ILP of baba, Test series can be joined though I did not join any. GS Paper 2   DD BASU , my optional was PSIR. For IR I read V.N. Khanna, and some IGNOU material also,     SC judgments, RSTV discussion are very good, and summery magazines for current affairs ( IASbaba, GS score, and vision are good ) Same as for GS1. GS Paper 3   Economic survey + some lectures of Mrunal. Hindu  and RSTV AIR, Same. GS Paper 4     I read nothing so can’t tell   Try to connect the news with case studies. Wrote some answers online and  4 full papers and discussed with my friends.. ( 2 of GS score and two of Vision, purchased from Market.) Optional Subject Preparation (Summary) Study material / Guidance   Basic Books   V.N, Khanna for IR, O P gauba for western political thought, for indian political thought I read IGNOU. For comparative politics, O P gauba, and for IGP B.L. Fadiya and IGNOU for other topics, class notes of piyushchaubey sir. Current Affairs   Hindu+ IE+RSTV Answer Writing   I wrote some answers and got them evaluated from piyush sir. Any other   Nothing, I prepared in just 2 months with the help of piyush sir. सभी अभ्यर्थियों को दिल की गहराइयों से अशेष शुभकामनाएं :)  SAMPLE ESSAY BY RAVI PRAKASH MEENA आवश्यकता लोभ की जननी है और लोभ का आधिक्य नस्लें बर्बाद करता है| ईसा से 262 सालपहले की बात है, कलिंग के युद्ध में चारों तरफ खून ही खून हो गया, इसनेकई नस्लों को बर्बाद कर दिया, और कारण था सम्राट अशोक की यह इच्छा कि उन्हेंबड़ा साम्राज्य चाहिए| लेकिन उसी दौर में उसी क्षेत्र की फिजां में एक स्वर गूँज रहा था महात्मा बुद्ध का, जो अपरिग्रह पर जोर दे रहे थे, और कह रहे थे किआवश्यकता ही दुःख का मूल है| हालांकि, सम्राटअशोक को शुरू में इनका महत्व समझ नहीं आया, लेकिन जब खून बहा तो वेइस सन्देश का अर्थ समझ गये, और बौद्ध धर्म को गले लगाया, और एक बड़े साम्राज्य की जगह सुखी साम्राज्य की स्थापना की| मानवजाति का  इतिहास इस तरह के उदाहरणों से भरा पड़ा है, जहाँ आवश्यकता से उपजे लोभ ने नस्लें बर्बाद की हो, चाहे बड़े राज्य के लिए दुर्योधन की इच्छा से उत्पन्न महाभारत का रणहो या फिर नवीनसाम्राज्योंकेबीच युद्ध का होना रहा हो, आधुनिक इतिहास मेंप्रथम विश्व युद्ध इसी की परिणति थी और इसी तरह  उसके बाद हिटलर की बृहद साम्राज्य की आवश्कयता ने भीमानवता को मिट्टी में ही मिलाया है| वर्तमान में विद्यमान आतंकवाद और उससे पीड़ित विश्व के कारण भी यहीं हैं, पश्चिमी शक्तियों द्वारा तेल पर कब्जे और अपने प्रभुत्व को बढ़ाने के क्रम में पश्चिमी एशिया में हस्तक्षेप ने संघर्ष को बढाया और फिर इसमें धार्मिक पहलू के आने और सभ्यताओं के बीच संघर्ष के सिद्धांत ने स्थिति को बदतर किया| शीत युद्ध और उससे उपजे उन्माद, परमाणुओं की होड़, और मानव के विनाश का आग के गोले तक सीमित हो जाने के मूल में भी यही है| इससे पूर्व औद्योगिक क्रांति से उपजे पूँजीवादऔर साम्राज्यवाद के कारणों में भी लोभ ही था, और इसने अतिराष्ट्रवाद और उपनिवेशवाद को जन्म दिया जिसनेपूरीमानव जाति को संकट में डाला, विकसित देशों द्वारा कई नस्लों के आर्थिक राजनैतिक और सांस्कृतिक शोषण ने विकासशील देशोंके स्वछंद विकास को नष्ट कर दिया, और उन्हें अभीयुद्दोत्तर काल में भी बौद्धिक रूप से गुलाम बनाया जा रहा है, और इसके लिए अब नवउपनिवेशवादीरणनीतियां इस्तेमाल की जा रही है, जैसा कि घाना के राष्ट्रपति नक्रूमा ने कहा है कि “ नवउपनिवेशवाद नवसाम्राज्यवाद की अंतिम अवस्था है” इसके लिए विकसित देशों द्वाराबहुराष्ट्रीयनिगमों और और उनके द्वारा निर्धारित व्यवस्था और मानकों के माध्यम से यह सब किया जा रहा है| इसने विशव में उत्तर-दक्षिण विभाजन पैदा किया है और यह सबगंभीर भू-राजनैतिक संकटों की ओर बढ़ सकताहै| इसी कड़ी के दूसरे छोर पर, विश्वको आज के समय में पर्यावरणीय समस्याएं आतंकित कर रही हैं और इनका कारण प्रकृति का अधिकाधिक दोहन है, विकसित देशों की भौतिकवादी व्यवस्था ने इसको चरम पर पहुंचा दिया है, कईप्रजातियाँ लुप्त हो गयी हैं और कई होने वाली हैं, आने वाले पीढ़ीअपने पूर्वजों के कृत्यों से कितने संकट में रहेंगी इसका अनुमान भी मुश्किल ही है| महात्मा गांधी ने भी कहाथा कि “ हमारी पृथ्वी के पास लोगों की आवश्यकता की पूर्ती के लिए बहुत कुछ है किन्तुस्वार्थकी पूर्ती के लिए नही है|” इसके आलावा मानवीय संसाधनों के सन्दर्भ में इसने श्रम के शोषण सेअसमान समाज तैयार किया औरइससे बहुत सारी अमानवीय समस्याएँ पैदा हुई है| लेकिन यह दोहन केवलसंसाधनों के लिए ही सत्य नहीं है, जीवन के हर पहलू को यह प्रभवित करता है, जैसे आज की पूंजीवादी व्यवस्था में आवश्यकताएंऔर लोभ बढते जा रहे हैं, मनुष्य मशीनों में तब्दील हो रहें हैं, जैसे उनका उनके पर्यावरण से अलगाव हो रहा है, परिवार को समय नही दे पा रहे हैं साथ में पूजीवादीव्यवस्था में कार्य के विभाजन के कारण वे अपने कार्य को देखकर खुश भी नही हो पा रहे हैं क्योंकि वे बहुत बड़े प्रोजेक्ट के एक छोटे से हिस्से पर कार्य कर रहे हैं, मार्क्सिस्ट विचारधारा इसे ही कार्य से अलगाव कहती है, इस क्रम में जीवन में एकरूपता आ जाने से जीवनरसघटगए हैं, साथ ही इसतंत्र ने एक अघोषित प्रतिस्पर्धा को जन्म दिया हैं जैसे पडौसी की भौतिकवादी चीजों को देखकर दुसरे पडौसी का दुखी होना और उसकी अंधी होड़ में दौड़ पड़ना, इससे मानसिक तनाव बढ़ा है सच्चा सुख कम हुआ है,जीवन में संघर्ष बढ़ाहै वैमनस्य बढ़ा है प्रेम कम हुआ है, आपसी विश्वास कम हुआ है, ये किसी भी जीवंत मानवीय समाज के लिए अच्छी चीज नही हैं| और, इसका मनोवैज्ञानिक पहलू यह है कि मनुष्य को पता ही नही चलता और वह आवशयकता और लोभ के प्रति अँधा होता चला जाता है, और यह जीवन के हर क्षेत्र में दिखाई देता है जैसे एक व्यापारी धन के प्रति अँधा होता है,उसी तरह कुछ लोग अपने धार्मिक, जातीय और सांप्रदायिक विचारों को लेकर चरम पर पहुँच जाते हैं और अंततः द्वेष और बर्बादी हाथ लगती है| आज के समय में इससे उपजी प्रतिस्पर्धा ने बच्चों तक को नहीं छोड़ा , छोटे छोटे बच्चे मोटे मोटे बस्ता टाँगे, अपनी माता-पिता कि इच्छाओं को ढ़ोते हैं और उनके स्कूल के अंकों को लेकर अपना बचपन बर्बाद कर लेते हैं| इस क्रम में उनके सहज विकास और रचनात्मकता की जो हानी होती है वह कई बार अपूरणीय होती है| सामाजिक स्तर पर भी यह दिखता है कि लोभ के कारण सामजिक अपराध जन्म लेते हैं, अधिक धन कमाने की चाहत में एक पिता अपने बच्चों को समय नही दे पाता है, रिश्तों में दूरियां आ जाति हैं, सामजिक बुराई जैसे दहेज़ तलाक सब इसी के कारण हैं, यह लोभ ही होता है कि भाई भाई के बीच में वैर ला देता है, यह लोभ ही होता है जो व्यक्ति को इतना व्यस्त कर देता है कि वह ना तो बारिश में मिट्टी की खुशबू को महसूस कर सकता है और ना ही चांदनी रात की ठंडक को, और यह लोभ ही है जो फूलों को इत्र की शीशी में समेट रहा है आदि आदि| अतः यह स्पष्ट है कि आवशयकता और लोभ मनुष्य को बहुत नुकसान पहुंचा रहे हैं इसीलिए दुनिया के धर्म दर्शनों में अल्पसंग्रह पर जोर दिया है चाहे इस्लाम में जकात का सिद्दांत हो या फिर हिन्दू धर्म का “त्यक्तेन भुंजीथा” और दान का सिद्धांत| इसी तरह बौद्ध और जैन् धर्म भी कम संग्रह पर जोर देते हैं| हमारे समाज में कहावत भी है कि “ संतोषी सदा सुखी”,और इसी क्रम में यहाँ जन्में महापुरुषजैसे महात्मा बुद्ध , महावीर जी, गांधीजी, आदिने भी इसी पर जोर दिया, हिंदी के कविदिनकर जी भी लिखते हैं कि “शांति नहीं जब तक, हर भाग ना नर का सम हो, ना ही किसी को बहुत अधिक हो ना ही कम हो” इन्हींमूल्योंको सतत रखते हुए भारतीय संविधान भी समाजवादी मूल्यों कि स्थापना करता है, और राज्य के नीति निर्देशक तत्व में सामजिक आर्थिक न्याय की स्थापना करता है और एक  कल्याणकारी राज्य की स्थापना करता है| आरक्षण और कर प्रणाली यही सुनिश्चित करने के लिए है| अतःस्पष्ट है कि लोभ महाभारत करवाता है और त्याग प्रेम बांटता है, लोभसगे खून में दरारे डाल सकता है है जबकि प्रेमपूरी दुनिया को एक कर सकता है, लोभ हमको खुद से छीन लेता है और एक अंतहीन चक्र में धकेल देता है और जीवन को सुखहीन बना देता है, इसीलिए हम अधिक पैसे से नई नई लाइटें खरीद सकते हैं किन्तु सूरज की रौशनी नहीं, शीतलमंद समीर का सुखAC नहीं दे सकती, आजकलपैसो से नींद से ज्यादा चिंता मिल रही है, और फलतः इंसान भीड़ में होते हुए भी अकेला हो रहा है, लोभ की वजह से ही हम बड़े बड़े मकानों में भी अकेलेपन से मर जाते हैं किन्तु पहले लोग झोपड़ी में भी सुख से रहते थे, इसलिए जरूरत अधिक पानेकी नहीं, बल्किकममें अधिकखोजने की होनी चाहिए,और अंत में बाबा कबीर का यह दोहा जो इस सबके सार को कह देताकि- “ साईंइतना दीजिये, जामे कुटुंब समाये, मैं भी भूखा ना रहूँ, साधू ना भूखा जाए|”   MARK SHEET  

Jul 6, 2017

MOTIVATION and TOPPER’S STRATEGY: Ravi P Meena, Rank 694, CSE-2016, First Attempt, 161 Marks in ESSAY, हिंदी Medium- IASbaba’s TLP Student

नमस्कार दोस्तों, मेरी इस साल सिविल सेवा परीक्षा में हिंदी माध्यम से 694 रैंक थी, यह मेरा पहला प्रयास था| इस परीक्षा की सही रणनीति जानने से पहले, यह जानना जरूरी है कि UPSC को किस तरह की अभिवृति(aptitude) वाले लोग चाहिए| मेरी इस परीक्षा के बारे में जो समझ बनी है, उसके आधार पर मुझे लगताहै कि अगर किसी भी अभ्यर्थी में निम्न गुण है तो, रास्ता बहुत आसानहो जाता है, जैसे- जिस भी भाषा में हम परीक्षा लिख रहे हैं उस पर बहुत अच्छी पकड़ होनी चाहिए, अभिव्यक्ति कौशल इस परीक्षा में बहुत काम आताहै| IIT कानपुरसे होने के बाद भी मैंने हिंदी माध्यम में परीक्षा दी क्योंकि मुझे स्वयं को अभिव्यक्त करने में हिंदी में बहुत सहूलियत महसूस होती थी, इसलिए माध्यम चयन का सबसे सही तरीका यही होना चाहिए|हालांकि मैंने आधी तैयारी अंग्रेजी में उपलब्ध स्रोतों से की थी| दूसरा, अगर अभ्यर्थी की स्कूल समय से ही सामाजिक अध्ययन के विषयों में अच्छी रूचि रही है और ग्रेजुएशनके दौरान करंट अफेयर्स आदि में भी रूचि रही हो तो भी बहुत आसानी रहती है| एक संतुलित, और तार्किक सोच होना बहुत जरूरी है| रटने की बजाय समझ विकसित की जानी चाहिए, और interconnected study औरविश्लेषणात्मक (analytical) सोचकी बहुत जरुरत है| एकाग्र औरप्रसंगानुरूपसंगतयानिto the point होना बहुत महत्तवपूर्ण है| और हाँ, मेहनती होना तो जरूरी है ही, परअपने लक्ष्यों को ईमानदारी से और समयबद्ध तरीके से प्राप्त करने की कोशिश रहनी चाहिए, जैसे कॉलेज में मेरी कोशिश रहती थी वैकल्पिक HSS courses (Humanities and social science) में उन्ही का चुनाव करूँ जो मुझे इस परीक्षा में मदद करें और उन्हीं एक्टिविटीज में हिस्सा लिया जो इस दिशा में लाभप्रद रहें| अभ्यर्थियों को उपर्युक्तगुण विकसित करने चाहिए क्योंकि यह परीक्षा ज्ञान और मेहनत से ज्यादा व्यक्तित्व की परीक्षा है, और यही कारण है कि कई लोग प्रथम प्रयास में निकाल लेते है और कई को समय लगता है| अबअध्ययन की रणनीति की बात करते हैं, यहाँ मैं उत्तर लेखन,मैन्स की रणनीति और निबंध और कुछ अध्ययन स्रोतों की बात करूंगा, कुछ चीजें जो छूट गयीं हैं उनके लिए मैंने एक विडियो शेयर किया है उसमें सभी महत्त्वपूर्ण स्रोतों की जानकारी दी है, आप यह देख सकते हो https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FuR9Nzh9S9g. उत्तर लेखन:- मैंने IASBABA और अन्य ऑनलाइन प्लेटफॉर्म्स पर उत्तर लेखन किया था, कोई औपचारिक टेस्ट सीरीज ज्वाइन नहीं की थी, मेरी सलाह है कि आप भी पूरी श्रृद्धा और विश्वास के साथ ILP और TLP पर उत्तर लिखिए और बाकी लोगों के उत्तर रिव्यु कीजिए, अच्छे उत्तर की निम्न विशेषताएं होनी चाहिए- To the point होना चाहिए, संगतता बहुत जरूरी है| सवाल के हर हिस्से का उत्तर होना चाहिए| intro, body, conclusion सामान्यतया होना चाहिए, इससे जांचने वाले को सहूलियत भी होती है और आपकी अनुशासित और सुलझे हुए व्यक्तित्त्व की छवि उभरती है, हालांकि कुछ मामलों में सवाल की प्रकृति के अनुरूप इसरूपरेखा में बदलाव किया जा सकता है| बिन्दुवार या फिर पैराग्राफ दोनों ही रूप में उत्तर लिखा जा सकता है, खैर, यह प्रश्न की प्रकृति पर निर्भर करता है, तथापिमैंintro और conclusion को छोड़कर body मेंयथासंभव बिन्दुवार लिखने की वकालत करूँगा| flowchart, tables इत्यादि मदद करती हैं| तथ्य और अन्य आंकड़े उचित मात्रा में होने चाहिए ना तो बहुत अधिक ना ही बहुत कम होने चाहिए| और toppers की कॉपी उनके उत्तरों की खासियत समझने की कोशिश करें| २. आगामी मैन्स के लिए: इस बार prelims लिखने वालों को अच्छे परिणाम के लिए शुभकामनाएं| और जो लोग चयन होने ना होने की दुविधा में हैं, उनको मेरी यह सलाह है कि पढ़ाई जारी रखें, उत्तर लेखन का नियमित अभ्यास करें, और अखबारों पर अच्छी नजर रखें, क्योंकि UPSC की अनिश्चित्तता के बारे में कोई नहीं जानता, अगर आप अपने आप को बॉर्डर-लाइनपर समझ रहे हो तो समझदारी इसी में है कि तैयारी करते रहें, क्योंकि इसी तरह की दुविधा पिछले वर्ष मेरे साथ हुई थी और मैंने 1.5 महीने का वक्त बर्बाद कर दिया, वरना रैंक बेहतर हो सकती थी| 1. निबंध का अभ्यास अभी किया जाना चाहिए क्योंकि बाद में वक्त कम होता ही चला जाता है| 2. GS-4 के उत्तर लेखन का विशेष अभ्यास किया जाना चाहिए और किसी अच्छी कोचिंग की टेस्ट सीरीज की ३ घंटे में प्रैक्टिस करें, क्योंकि इसमें समय की सबसे ज्यादा कमी पड़ती  है| और अपने दोस्तों के साथ इसके उत्तरों पर अच्छी चर्चा करें यह बहुत मदद करती है| 3. बाकी के सामान्य अध्ययन के पेपर्स के लिए ऑनलाइन उत्तर लेखन या टेस्ट सीरीज से प्रैक्टिस करे, 4. अब कोर किताबें पढने का समय नहीं है, उन्हें बहुत ही कम पढ़े, बस जो आता है उसी का बेहतर प्रस्तुतिकरण पर ध्यान दें और ऑप्शनल आदि में जो कमी रह रही है उसे पूरा करें| 5. इन चार महीनों के अखबारों के सम्पादकीय सबसे महत्वपूर्ण हैं, उन पर अच्छे से चर्चा और तैयारी करें, और उनमें रटने वाले तथ्य आदि के लिए करंट अफेयर्स की मैगज़ीन आदि का सहारा लें| 6. प्रथम प्रयास वालों के लिए कि यह ही सबसे अच्छा प्रयास होता है, अपनी सम्पूर्ण ऊर्जा लगा दो| निबंध: निबंध में मुझे 161 अंक मिले थे, मैंने केवल ऑनलाइन निबंध लिखे और कुछ निबंध परीक्षा से पहले दोस्तों के साथ लिखे और उन पर चर्चा की| मेरी समझ के हिसाब से अच्छे निबंध की निम्न खासियतें होती हैं: जितनी ज्यादा विवधता संभव हो सकती है, उतने पहलुओं पर विचार किया जाना चाहिए| भाषा तरल और सरल होनी चाहिए, कठिन भाषा से कोई विशेष प्रभाव पड़ने की बजाय कई दफा नकारात्मक छवि भी बन जाती है| और निबंध केवलविषय पर ही होना चाहिए, मैंने अपना निबंध आपसे साझा किया है वो देख सकते हो| तथ्य आंकड़े और बड़े लोगों के कथन इस प्रकार समाविष्ट किये जाएँ कि बोझिल ना लगें| और इन सब बातों का सार यह है किनिबंध ऐसा हो कि जिससे आपके परिपक्व व्यक्तित्व की झलक मिले| हिंदी माध्यम के मित्रों के लिए अपने मन से यह पूर्णतः निकाल देना चाहिए की हम किसी से कम हैं या हिंदी माध्यम के साथ भेदभाव होता है, ये सब बहाने हैं| हाँ कुछ स्रोतों की हिंदी माध्यम में समस्या है उसके लिए कोशिश करके अंग्रेजी की चीजों से पढ़ें, IASBABA जैसी वेबसाइटों का अच्छा उपयोग लें, अगरयहाँ भाषा की समस्या है तो वैकल्पिक स्रोतों का सहारा लें उन्हें ढूंढें, थोड़ी मेहनत करनी पड़ेगी पर काम हो जायेगा|   IASBABA के लिए:         धन्यवाद,आभार, मैं कृतज्ञ हूँ, अपने इस अच्छे काम को जारी रखिये, ताकिदिल्ली को दूर समझने वाले, अपने लैपटॉप से दुनिया ढूँढने वाले लोग भी बिना मुखर्जी नगर आये, अपनी मम्मी के हाथ की रोटी खाते हुए IAS बन सकें|   Book list GS Preparation for Prelims (Summary) Study material / Guidance   Basic Books     M. Laxmikanth or DD Basu, Bipin Chandra or Spectrum history, TN board class 11th history and + new NCERTS for Ancient and medieval. 6th to 12th NCERTs for Geography. Eco. Survey for Economy. Current Affairs   Hindu, and IE + u can follow IASBABA summaries. Test Series   Join any good test series. I Solved IASBABA 60 day program also. Recommended IASbaba's ILP Any other   Solve as many questions as you can. And revise their solutions 2-3 times. GS Mains Preparation (Summary) Paper Study Material/Guidance Current Issues Source Answer Writing Practice GS Paper 1     NCERTs for Geo., BIPIN CHANDRA, new NCERTs for History and ART and culture and Sociology NCERTs.   Newspaper Indian express and the Hindu Write answers and get them evaluated from friends , fellow aspirants. Use online platforms as TLP/ILP of baba, Test series can be joined though I did not join any. GS Paper 2   DD BASU , my optional was PSIR. For IR I read V.N. Khanna, and some IGNOU material also,     SC judgments, RSTV discussion are very good, and summery magazines for current affairs ( IASbaba, GS score, and vision are good ) Same as for GS1. GS Paper 3   Economic survey + some lectures of Mrunal. Hindu  and RSTV AIR, Same. GS Paper 4     I read nothing so can’t tell   Try to connect the news with case studies. Wrote some answers online and  4 full papers and discussed with my friends.. ( 2 of GS score and two of Vision, purchased from Market.) Optional Subject Preparation (Summary) Study material / Guidance   Basic Books   V.N, Khanna for IR, O P gauba for western political thought, for indian political thought I read IGNOU. For comparative politics, O P gauba, and for IGP B.L. Fadiya and IGNOU for other topics, class notes of piyushchaubey sir. Current Affairs   Hindu+ IE+RSTV Answer Writing   I wrote some answers and got them evaluated from piyush sir. Any other   Nothing, I prepared in just 2 months with the help of piyush sir. सभी अभ्यर्थियों को दिल की गहराइयों से अशेष शुभकामनाएं :)  SAMPLE ESSAY BY RAVI PRAKASH MEENA आवश्यकता लोभ की जननी है और लोभ का आधिक्य नस्लें बर्बाद करता है| ईसा से 262 सालपहले की बात है, कलिंग के युद्ध में चारों तरफ खून ही खून हो गया, इसनेकई नस्लों को बर्बाद कर दिया, और कारण था सम्राट अशोक की यह इच्छा कि उन्हेंबड़ा साम्राज्य चाहिए| लेकिन उसी दौर में उसी क्षेत्र की फिजां में एक स्वर गूँज रहा था महात्मा बुद्ध का, जो अपरिग्रह पर जोर दे रहे थे, और कह रहे थे किआवश्यकता ही दुःख का मूल है| हालांकि, सम्राटअशोक को शुरू में इनका महत्व समझ नहीं आया, लेकिन जब खून बहा तो वेइस सन्देश का अर्थ समझ गये, और बौद्ध धर्म को गले लगाया, और एक बड़े साम्राज्य की जगह सुखी साम्राज्य की स्थापना की| मानवजाति का  इतिहास इस तरह के उदाहरणों से भरा पड़ा है, जहाँ आवश्यकता से उपजे लोभ ने नस्लें बर्बाद की हो, चाहे बड़े राज्य के लिए दुर्योधन की इच्छा से उत्पन्न महाभारत का रणहो या फिर नवीनसाम्राज्योंकेबीच युद्ध का होना रहा हो, आधुनिक इतिहास मेंप्रथम विश्व युद्ध इसी की परिणति थी और इसी तरह  उसके बाद हिटलर की बृहद साम्राज्य की आवश्कयता ने भीमानवता को मिट्टी में ही मिलाया है| वर्तमान में विद्यमान आतंकवाद और उससे पीड़ित विश्व के कारण भी यहीं हैं, पश्चिमी शक्तियों द्वारा तेल पर कब्जे और अपने प्रभुत्व को बढ़ाने के क्रम में पश्चिमी एशिया में हस्तक्षेप ने संघर्ष को बढाया और फिर इसमें धार्मिक पहलू के आने और सभ्यताओं के बीच संघर्ष के सिद्धांत ने स्थिति को बदतर किया| शीत युद्ध और उससे उपजे उन्माद, परमाणुओं की होड़, और मानव के विनाश का आग के गोले तक सीमित हो जाने के मूल में भी यही है| इससे पूर्व औद्योगिक क्रांति से उपजे पूँजीवादऔर साम्राज्यवाद के कारणों में भी लोभ ही था, और इसने अतिराष्ट्रवाद और उपनिवेशवाद को जन्म दिया जिसनेपूरीमानव जाति को संकट में डाला, विकसित देशों द्वारा कई नस्लों के आर्थिक राजनैतिक और सांस्कृतिक शोषण ने विकासशील देशोंके स्वछंद विकास को नष्ट कर दिया, और उन्हें अभीयुद्दोत्तर काल में भी बौद्धिक रूप से गुलाम बनाया जा रहा है, और इसके लिए अब नवउपनिवेशवादीरणनीतियां इस्तेमाल की जा रही है, जैसा कि घाना के राष्ट्रपति नक्रूमा ने कहा है कि “ नवउपनिवेशवाद नवसाम्राज्यवाद की अंतिम अवस्था है” इसके लिए विकसित देशों द्वाराबहुराष्ट्रीयनिगमों और और उनके द्वारा निर्धारित व्यवस्था और मानकों के माध्यम से यह सब किया जा रहा है| इसने विशव में उत्तर-दक्षिण विभाजन पैदा किया है और यह सबगंभीर भू-राजनैतिक संकटों की ओर बढ़ सकताहै| इसी कड़ी के दूसरे छोर पर, विश्वको आज के समय में पर्यावरणीय समस्याएं आतंकित कर रही हैं और इनका कारण प्रकृति का अधिकाधिक दोहन है, विकसित देशों की भौतिकवादी व्यवस्था ने इसको चरम पर पहुंचा दिया है, कईप्रजातियाँ लुप्त हो गयी हैं और कई होने वाली हैं, आने वाले पीढ़ीअपने पूर्वजों के कृत्यों से कितने संकट में रहेंगी इसका अनुमान भी मुश्किल ही है| महात्मा गांधी ने भी कहाथा कि “ हमारी पृथ्वी के पास लोगों की आवश्यकता की पूर्ती के लिए बहुत कुछ है किन्तुस्वार्थकी पूर्ती के लिए नही है|” इसके आलावा मानवीय संसाधनों के सन्दर्भ में इसने श्रम के शोषण सेअसमान समाज तैयार किया औरइससे बहुत सारी अमानवीय समस्याएँ पैदा हुई है| लेकिन यह दोहन केवलसंसाधनों के लिए ही सत्य नहीं है, जीवन के हर पहलू को यह प्रभवित करता है, जैसे आज की पूंजीवादी व्यवस्था में आवश्यकताएंऔर लोभ बढते जा रहे हैं, मनुष्य मशीनों में तब्दील हो रहें हैं, जैसे उनका उनके पर्यावरण से अलगाव हो रहा है, परिवार को समय नही दे पा रहे हैं साथ में पूजीवादीव्यवस्था में कार्य के विभाजन के कारण वे अपने कार्य को देखकर खुश भी नही हो पा रहे हैं क्योंकि वे बहुत बड़े प्रोजेक्ट के एक छोटे से हिस्से पर कार्य कर रहे हैं, मार्क्सिस्ट विचारधारा इसे ही कार्य से अलगाव कहती है, इस क्रम में जीवन में एकरूपता आ जाने से जीवनरसघटगए हैं, साथ ही इसतंत्र ने एक अघोषित प्रतिस्पर्धा को जन्म दिया हैं जैसे पडौसी की भौतिकवादी चीजों को देखकर दुसरे पडौसी का दुखी होना और उसकी अंधी होड़ में दौड़ पड़ना, इससे मानसिक तनाव बढ़ा है सच्चा सुख कम हुआ है,जीवन में संघर्ष बढ़ाहै वैमनस्य बढ़ा है प्रेम कम हुआ है, आपसी विश्वास कम हुआ है, ये किसी भी जीवंत मानवीय समाज के लिए अच्छी चीज नही हैं| और, इसका मनोवैज्ञानिक पहलू यह है कि मनुष्य को पता ही नही चलता और वह आवशयकता और लोभ के प्रति अँधा होता चला जाता है, और यह जीवन के हर क्षेत्र में दिखाई देता है जैसे एक व्यापारी धन के प्रति अँधा होता है,उसी तरह कुछ लोग अपने धार्मिक, जातीय और सांप्रदायिक विचारों को लेकर चरम पर पहुँच जाते हैं और अंततः द्वेष और बर्बादी हाथ लगती है| आज के समय में इससे उपजी प्रतिस्पर्धा ने बच्चों तक को नहीं छोड़ा , छोटे छोटे बच्चे मोटे मोटे बस्ता टाँगे, अपनी माता-पिता कि इच्छाओं को ढ़ोते हैं और उनके स्कूल के अंकों को लेकर अपना बचपन बर्बाद कर लेते हैं| इस क्रम में उनके सहज विकास और रचनात्मकता की जो हानी होती है वह कई बार अपूरणीय होती है| सामाजिक स्तर पर भी यह दिखता है कि लोभ के कारण सामजिक अपराध जन्म लेते हैं, अधिक धन कमाने की चाहत में एक पिता अपने बच्चों को समय नही दे पाता है, रिश्तों में दूरियां आ जाति हैं, सामजिक बुराई जैसे दहेज़ तलाक सब इसी के कारण हैं, यह लोभ ही होता है कि भाई भाई के बीच में वैर ला देता है, यह लोभ ही होता है जो व्यक्ति को इतना व्यस्त कर देता है कि वह ना तो बारिश में मिट्टी की खुशबू को महसूस कर सकता है और ना ही चांदनी रात की ठंडक को, और यह लोभ ही है जो फूलों को इत्र की शीशी में समेट रहा है आदि आदि| अतः यह स्पष्ट है कि आवशयकता और लोभ मनुष्य को बहुत नुकसान पहुंचा रहे हैं इसीलिए दुनिया के धर्म दर्शनों में अल्पसंग्रह पर जोर दिया है चाहे इस्लाम में जकात का सिद्दांत हो या फिर हिन्दू धर्म का “त्यक्तेन भुंजीथा” और दान का सिद्धांत| इसी तरह बौद्ध और जैन् धर्म भी कम संग्रह पर जोर देते हैं| हमारे समाज में कहावत भी है कि “ संतोषी सदा सुखी”,और इसी क्रम में यहाँ जन्में महापुरुषजैसे महात्मा बुद्ध , महावीर जी, गांधीजी, आदिने भी इसी पर जोर दिया, हिंदी के कविदिनकर जी भी लिखते हैं कि “शांति नहीं जब तक, हर भाग ना नर का सम हो, ना ही किसी को बहुत अधिक हो ना ही कम हो” इन्हींमूल्योंको सतत रखते हुए भारतीय संविधान भी समाजवादी मूल्यों कि स्थापना करता है, और राज्य के नीति निर्देशक तत्व में सामजिक आर्थिक न्याय की स्थापना करता है और एक  कल्याणकारी राज्य की स्थापना करता है| आरक्षण और कर प्रणाली यही सुनिश्चित करने के लिए है| अतःस्पष्ट है कि लोभ महाभारत करवाता है और त्याग प्रेम बांटता है, लोभसगे खून में दरारे डाल सकता है है जबकि प्रेमपूरी दुनिया को एक कर सकता है, लोभ हमको खुद से छीन लेता है और एक अंतहीन चक्र में धकेल देता है और जीवन को सुखहीन बना देता है, इसीलिए हम अधिक पैसे से नई नई लाइटें खरीद सकते हैं किन्तु सूरज की रौशनी नहीं, शीतलमंद समीर का सुखAC नहीं दे सकती, आजकलपैसो से नींद से ज्यादा चिंता मिल रही है, और फलतः इंसान भीड़ में होते हुए भी अकेला हो रहा है, लोभ की वजह से ही हम बड़े बड़े मकानों में भी अकेलेपन से मर जाते हैं किन्तु पहले लोग झोपड़ी में भी सुख से रहते थे, इसलिए जरूरत अधिक पानेकी नहीं, बल्किकममें अधिकखोजने की होनी चाहिए,और अंत में बाबा कबीर का यह दोहा जो इस सबके सार को कह देताकि- “ साईंइतना दीजिये, जामे कुटुंब समाये, मैं भी भूखा ना रहूँ, साधू ना भूखा जाए|”   MARK SHEET