Category: POLITY
Context: Climate activist Sonam Wangchuk was recently detained under the National Security Act (NSA), reigniting debate over its scope and misuse.
Learning Corner:
National Security Act (NSA), 1980
Key Provisions
Source: THE INDIAN EXPRESS
Category: INTERNATIONAL
Context : OPEC+ is planning another oil output hike in November 2025 amid rising global oil prices and market pressures.
Learning Corner:
OPEC+ (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries Plus)
Source: THE INDIAN EXPRESS
Category: POLITY
Context: India has released draft Corporate Average Fuel Efficiency (CAFE-3) rules proposing new vehicle emission norms, with relief for small cars and incentives for EVs..
Learning Corner:
Corporate Average Fuel Efficiency (CAFE) Norms
Source: THE INDIAN EXPRESS
Category: CULTURE
Context PM Modi, in Mann ki Baat, praised the RSS on its centenary journey and highlighted the government’s push for Chhath Puja’s inclusion in UNESCO’s intangible cultural heritage list.
Learning Corner:
Chhath Puja
India & UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH)
India’s ICH Elements (as of 2025):
Source: THE INDIAN EXPRESS
Category: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Context India’s first space-based observatory AstroSat has completed 10 years since its launch in 2015, continuing to provide valuable astronomical data..
Source: THE HINDU
The International Day of Awareness of Food Loss and Waste (IDAFLW), observed on September 29, highlights the silent crisis of food loss and waste that threatens both food security and climate stability.
Globally, nearly one-third of all food produced is lost or wasted every year. For India—one of the world’s largest food producers this challenge translates into massive economic losses, environmental degradation, and climate impacts.
Food loss spans the entire supply chain, demanding shared responsibility. Governments must integrate loss reduction into climate strategies and invest in resilient infrastructure, while businesses adopt circular models and scale innovations. Civil society and academia can drive research and awareness, and consumers can cut waste through mindful choices and support for redistribution.
Mains Practice Question
Q Food loss is as much a climate challenge as it is a food security issue. Examine (250 words, 15 marks)
India stands at a critical juncture where traditional growth models must evolve into a green, resilient economic pathway to address climate risks, ensure competitiveness, and sustain livelihoods. This has given rise to the new concept of bioeconomy.
The green economy is becoming inevitable and imminent for job creation, environmental returns, competitiveness, and climate resilience.
Hence a just transition requires targeted skill-building, reskilling, and local bioeconomic diversification to prevent social and environmental harm. This can be achieved using landscape approach.
A landscape-driven growth model can balance ecological regeneration, economic resilience, and social equity. Such an approach will help India achieve its climate goals, sustainable development targets, and new engines of green growth, ensuring wellbeing for both people and ecosystems.
Q.1) Discuss how adopting a landscape approach can accelerate India’s transition towards a green economy. (250 words, 15 marks)
Source: Reimagining green economy through landscapes – The Hindu