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The following Test is based on the syllabus of 60 Days Plan-2023 for UPSC IAS Prelims 2022.
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Which of the following can be considered as the major factors that can be attributed to the success of the English against other European powers in India?
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Incorrect | Correct | Correct | Correct |
Structure and Nature of the Trading Companies: The English East India Company, formed through the amalgamation of several rival companies at home, was controlled by a board of directors whose members were elected annually. The shareholders of the company exercised considerable influence, as the votes could be bought and sold through the purchase of shares. The trading companies of France and Portugal were largely owned by the State and their nature was in many ways feudalistic. | Naval Superiority: The Royal Navy of Britain was not only the largest; it was the most advanced of its times. The victory against the Spanish Armada and against the French at Trafalgar had put the Royal Navy at the peak of the European naval forces. In India too, the British were able to defeat the Portuguese and the French due to the strong and fast movement of the naval ships. The English learned from the Portuguese the importance of an efficient navy and improved their own fleet technologically. | Industrial Revolution: The Industrial Revolution started in England in the early 18th century, with the invention of new machines like the spinning Jenny, steam engine, the power loom and several others. These machines greatly improved productivity in the fields of textiles, metallurgy, steam power, and agriculture. The industrial revolution reached other European nations late and this helped England to maintain its hegemony. | Use of Debt Market: One of the major and innovative reasons why Britain succeeded between the mid-eighteenth century and the mid-nineteenth century, while other European nations fell, was that it used the debt markets to fund its wars. The world‘s first central bank—the Bank of England—was established to sell government debt to the money markets on the promise of a decent return on Britain‘s defeating rival countries like France and Spain. Britain was thus enabled to spend much more on its military than its rivals. Britain’s rival France could not match the expenditure of the English; between 1694 and 1812, first under the monarchs, then under the revolutionary governments, and finally under Napoleon Bonaparte, France simply went bankrupt with its outdated ways of raising money. |
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Incorrect | Correct | Correct | Correct |
Structure and Nature of the Trading Companies: The English East India Company, formed through the amalgamation of several rival companies at home, was controlled by a board of directors whose members were elected annually. The shareholders of the company exercised considerable influence, as the votes could be bought and sold through the purchase of shares. The trading companies of France and Portugal were largely owned by the State and their nature was in many ways feudalistic. | Naval Superiority: The Royal Navy of Britain was not only the largest; it was the most advanced of its times. The victory against the Spanish Armada and against the French at Trafalgar had put the Royal Navy at the peak of the European naval forces. In India too, the British were able to defeat the Portuguese and the French due to the strong and fast movement of the naval ships. The English learned from the Portuguese the importance of an efficient navy and improved their own fleet technologically. | Industrial Revolution: The Industrial Revolution started in England in the early 18th century, with the invention of new machines like the spinning Jenny, steam engine, the power loom and several others. These machines greatly improved productivity in the fields of textiles, metallurgy, steam power, and agriculture. The industrial revolution reached other European nations late and this helped England to maintain its hegemony. | Use of Debt Market: One of the major and innovative reasons why Britain succeeded between the mid-eighteenth century and the mid-nineteenth century, while other European nations fell, was that it used the debt markets to fund its wars. The world‘s first central bank—the Bank of England—was established to sell government debt to the money markets on the promise of a decent return on Britain‘s defeating rival countries like France and Spain. Britain was thus enabled to spend much more on its military than its rivals. Britain’s rival France could not match the expenditure of the English; between 1694 and 1812, first under the monarchs, then under the revolutionary governments, and finally under Napoleon Bonaparte, France simply went bankrupt with its outdated ways of raising money. |
With reference to the Treaty of Allahabad in 1765, which of the following statements is/are correct?
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Solution (d)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
Incorrect | Incorrect |
Robert Clive concluded two important treaties at Allahabad in August 1765 – one with the Nawab of Awadh and the other with the Mughal Emperor, Shah Alam II.
Under this treaty, Nawab of Awadh Shuja-ud-Daula agreed to surrender Allahabad and Kara to Emperor Shah Alam II. |
Under this treaty, Nawab of Awadh Shuja-ud-Daula agreed to pay Rs 50 lakh to the Company as war indemnity. |
Solution (d)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
Incorrect | Incorrect |
Robert Clive concluded two important treaties at Allahabad in August 1765 – one with the Nawab of Awadh and the other with the Mughal Emperor, Shah Alam II.
Under this treaty, Nawab of Awadh Shuja-ud-Daula agreed to surrender Allahabad and Kara to Emperor Shah Alam II. |
Under this treaty, Nawab of Awadh Shuja-ud-Daula agreed to pay Rs 50 lakh to the Company as war indemnity. |
With reference to rule of European powers in India, who among the following introduced Blue Water Policy?
Solution (b)
Blue Water Policy:
Solution (b)
Blue Water Policy:
Consider the following pairs:
Battle Emperor/Ruler associated
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
Solution (a)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Incorrect | Incorrect | Correct |
Battle of Karnal:
It was held between Nadir Shah and Mughals (Emperor Muhammad Shah) in 1739 and Mughals were defeated in the war and later Muhammad Shah was imprisoned and annexed areas west of the Indus into the Persian Empire. |
Battle of Plassey:
The battle was fought between the East India Company headed by Robert Clive and the Nawab of Bengal (Siraj-Ud-Daulah) and his French Troop in 1757. This battle is often termed as the ‘decisive event’ which became the source of ultimate rule of the British in India. Mughal emperor Alamgir-II was ruling the empire when the Battle of Plassey took place. |
Battle of Buxar:
It was a battle fought between the English Forces, and a joint army of the Nawab of Oudh, Nawab of Bengal, and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II in 1764. The battle was the result of misuse of trade privileges granted by the Nawab of Bengal and also the colonialist ambitions of East India Company. |
Solution (a)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Incorrect | Incorrect | Correct |
Battle of Karnal:
It was held between Nadir Shah and Mughals (Emperor Muhammad Shah) in 1739 and Mughals were defeated in the war and later Muhammad Shah was imprisoned and annexed areas west of the Indus into the Persian Empire. |
Battle of Plassey:
The battle was fought between the East India Company headed by Robert Clive and the Nawab of Bengal (Siraj-Ud-Daulah) and his French Troop in 1757. This battle is often termed as the ‘decisive event’ which became the source of ultimate rule of the British in India. Mughal emperor Alamgir-II was ruling the empire when the Battle of Plassey took place. |
Battle of Buxar:
It was a battle fought between the English Forces, and a joint army of the Nawab of Oudh, Nawab of Bengal, and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II in 1764. The battle was the result of misuse of trade privileges granted by the Nawab of Bengal and also the colonialist ambitions of East India Company. |
Consider the following statements regarding the Battle of Buxar:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Correct |
In the Battle of Buxar, not only the Nawab of Bengal but also the Mughal emperor of India was defeated by the English. The victory made the English a great power in northern India and contenders for the supremacy over the whole country. | Clive did not want to annex Awadh because it would have placed the company under obligation to protect an extensive land frontier from the Afghan and the Maratha invasions. The treaty made Nawab a firm friend of the company and turned Awadh into a buffer state. | The battle culminated into Treaty of Allahabad according to which Shah Alam II, the Mughal emperor agreed to reside at Allahabad, to be ceded to him by the Nawab of Awadh, under the company’s protection. He issued a Farman granting the Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the East India Company in lieu of an annual payment. |
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Correct |
In the Battle of Buxar, not only the Nawab of Bengal but also the Mughal emperor of India was defeated by the English. The victory made the English a great power in northern India and contenders for the supremacy over the whole country. | Clive did not want to annex Awadh because it would have placed the company under obligation to protect an extensive land frontier from the Afghan and the Maratha invasions. The treaty made Nawab a firm friend of the company and turned Awadh into a buffer state. | The battle culminated into Treaty of Allahabad according to which Shah Alam II, the Mughal emperor agreed to reside at Allahabad, to be ceded to him by the Nawab of Awadh, under the company’s protection. He issued a Farman granting the Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the East India Company in lieu of an annual payment. |
Consider the following statements:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Correct |
After the Battle of Plassey, Mir Jafar was made the nawab of Bengal by the British. He was expected to show his generosity to the British. However, he got irritated with the interference of Robert Clive and entered into a conspiracy with the Dutch. The Dutch were defeated by the English in the Battle of Bedara in 1759. Hence, the Treaty of 1760 was signed between the new puppet nawab of Bengal, Mir Kasim and the English. Under the treaty, Mir Kasim agreed to cede the districts of Burdwan, Midnapore and Chittagong. | The Battle of Buxar was fought between the combined armies of Mir Kasim, Shah Alam II and the Nawab of Awadh on 22nd October 1764. Shah Alam II was the then Mughal Emperor of India. | The Battle of Buxar was important in the sense that for the first time, the Emperor of India was defeated by the English. Robert Clive concluded a treaty with the Mughal Emperor, Shah Alam II. Under the Treaty of Allahabad (1765), Shah Alam II granted the diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the East India Company. |
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Correct |
After the Battle of Plassey, Mir Jafar was made the nawab of Bengal by the British. He was expected to show his generosity to the British. However, he got irritated with the interference of Robert Clive and entered into a conspiracy with the Dutch. The Dutch were defeated by the English in the Battle of Bedara in 1759. Hence, the Treaty of 1760 was signed between the new puppet nawab of Bengal, Mir Kasim and the English. Under the treaty, Mir Kasim agreed to cede the districts of Burdwan, Midnapore and Chittagong. | The Battle of Buxar was fought between the combined armies of Mir Kasim, Shah Alam II and the Nawab of Awadh on 22nd October 1764. Shah Alam II was the then Mughal Emperor of India. | The Battle of Buxar was important in the sense that for the first time, the Emperor of India was defeated by the English. Robert Clive concluded a treaty with the Mughal Emperor, Shah Alam II. Under the Treaty of Allahabad (1765), Shah Alam II granted the diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the East India Company. |
Consider the following statements:
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
Correct | Correct |
The treaty of Paris made after the third Anglo Carnatic war in 1763 made French to the last Europeans to be defeated by the British in India. | The Third Anglo Burmese war marked the end of the Annexation of the British Indian empire. With the addition of Burma province into British India in 1886, the lieutenant governorship was established into the province. |
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
Correct | Correct |
The treaty of Paris made after the third Anglo Carnatic war in 1763 made French to the last Europeans to be defeated by the British in India. | The Third Anglo Burmese war marked the end of the Annexation of the British Indian empire. With the addition of Burma province into British India in 1886, the lieutenant governorship was established into the province. |
Though the Portuguese were the first to arrive in India, they were incapable of maintaining a trade monopoly in the East for a long because-
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Incorrect | Correct | Correct |
By the 18th century, the Portuguese in India lost their commercial influence, though some of them still carried on trade in their individual capacity and many took to piracy and robbery. The decline of the Portuguese was brought about by several factors.
The local advantages gained by the Portuguese in India were reduced with the emergence of powerful dynasties in Egypt, Persia, and North India and the rise of the turbulent Marathas as their immediate neighbors. (The Marathas captured Salsette and Bassein in 1739 from the Portuguese). The population of Portuguese was less than a million, its Court was autocratic and decadent, and its merchants enjoyed much less power and prestige than its landed aristocrats. |
The earlier monopoly of knowledge of the sea route to India held by the Portuguese could not remain a secret forever; soon enough the Dutch and the English, who were learning the skills of ocean navigation, also learned it and outshined the Portuguese. They lagged behind in the development of shipping as compared to other European powers. | They followed a policy of religious intolerance. The religious policies of the Portuguese, such as the activities of the Jesuits, gave rise to political fears. Their antagonism for the Muslims apart, the Portuguese policy of conversion to Christianity made Hindus also resentful. |
Note:
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Incorrect | Correct | Correct |
By the 18th century, the Portuguese in India lost their commercial influence, though some of them still carried on trade in their individual capacity and many took to piracy and robbery. The decline of the Portuguese was brought about by several factors.
The local advantages gained by the Portuguese in India were reduced with the emergence of powerful dynasties in Egypt, Persia, and North India and the rise of the turbulent Marathas as their immediate neighbors. (The Marathas captured Salsette and Bassein in 1739 from the Portuguese). The population of Portuguese was less than a million, its Court was autocratic and decadent, and its merchants enjoyed much less power and prestige than its landed aristocrats. |
The earlier monopoly of knowledge of the sea route to India held by the Portuguese could not remain a secret forever; soon enough the Dutch and the English, who were learning the skills of ocean navigation, also learned it and outshined the Portuguese. They lagged behind in the development of shipping as compared to other European powers. | They followed a policy of religious intolerance. The religious policies of the Portuguese, such as the activities of the Jesuits, gave rise to political fears. Their antagonism for the Muslims apart, the Portuguese policy of conversion to Christianity made Hindus also resentful. |
Note:
Consider the following statements with reference to the Anglo-Dutch rivalry:
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
Incorrect | Correct |
In the middle of the seventeenth century, the English began to emerge as a big colonial power. The Anglo-Dutch rivalry lasted for about seven decades during which period the Dutch lost their settlements to the British one by one.
The English were also at this time rising to prominence in the Eastern trade, and this posed a serious challenge to the commercial interests of the Dutch. A commercial rivalry soon turned into bloody warfare. After prolonged warfare, both the parties came to a compromise in 1667 by which the British agreed to withdraw all their claims on Indonesia, and the Dutch retired from India to concentrate on their more profitable trade in Indonesia. They monopolized the trade in black pepper and spices. |
In the Third Anglo-Dutch War (1672-74), communications between Surat and the new English settlement of Bombay got cut due to which three homebound English ships were captured in the Bay of Bengal by the Dutch forces.
The retaliation by the English resulted in the defeat of the Dutch. The Battle of Chinsurah (also known as the Battle of Hooghly) took place near Chinsurah, India on 25 November 1759), which dealt a crushing blow to Dutch ambitions in India. |
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
Incorrect | Correct |
In the middle of the seventeenth century, the English began to emerge as a big colonial power. The Anglo-Dutch rivalry lasted for about seven decades during which period the Dutch lost their settlements to the British one by one.
The English were also at this time rising to prominence in the Eastern trade, and this posed a serious challenge to the commercial interests of the Dutch. A commercial rivalry soon turned into bloody warfare. After prolonged warfare, both the parties came to a compromise in 1667 by which the British agreed to withdraw all their claims on Indonesia, and the Dutch retired from India to concentrate on their more profitable trade in Indonesia. They monopolized the trade in black pepper and spices. |
In the Third Anglo-Dutch War (1672-74), communications between Surat and the new English settlement of Bombay got cut due to which three homebound English ships were captured in the Bay of Bengal by the Dutch forces.
The retaliation by the English resulted in the defeat of the Dutch. The Battle of Chinsurah (also known as the Battle of Hooghly) took place near Chinsurah, India on 25 November 1759), which dealt a crushing blow to Dutch ambitions in India. |
The Battle of Wandiwash was one of the decisive battles in the struggle among European powers in India. It was fought between which of the following countries?
Solution (b)
Battle of Wandiwash:
Solution (b)
Battle of Wandiwash:
Consider the following pairs:
European Commercial Companies Base
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Correct |
Portuguese – Panaji in 1510 | Dutch – Masulipatnam in 1605 | French – Pondicherry in 1673 |
Note:
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Correct |
Portuguese – Panaji in 1510 | Dutch – Masulipatnam in 1605 | French – Pondicherry in 1673 |
Note:
Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding Battle of Plassey?
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Correct |
The Battle of Plassey, 1757 had laid the foundation of British Empire in India. Robert Clive forged a secret alliance with Mir Jafar to win the battle. Due to the conspiracy of Nawab’s officials, 50,000 strong forces of Siraj was defeated by a handful of Clive’s forces. After the victory of British, Mir Jafer became the Nawab of Bengal. He gave large sums of money plus the Zamindari of 24 parganas to the English.The battle established the military supremacy of the English over Bengal and their main rivals French were ousted. | The sovereignty of the English over Calcutta was recognized and the English posted a Resident at the Nawab’s court. | Siraj-ud- daula had to sign treaty of Alinagar (the new name of Calcutta, practically conceding all demands of the English. The English became so confident that they attacked Chandernagar, the French settlement again challenging the sovereignty of Nawab. |
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Correct |
The Battle of Plassey, 1757 had laid the foundation of British Empire in India. Robert Clive forged a secret alliance with Mir Jafar to win the battle. Due to the conspiracy of Nawab’s officials, 50,000 strong forces of Siraj was defeated by a handful of Clive’s forces. After the victory of British, Mir Jafer became the Nawab of Bengal. He gave large sums of money plus the Zamindari of 24 parganas to the English.The battle established the military supremacy of the English over Bengal and their main rivals French were ousted. | The sovereignty of the English over Calcutta was recognized and the English posted a Resident at the Nawab’s court. | Siraj-ud- daula had to sign treaty of Alinagar (the new name of Calcutta, practically conceding all demands of the English. The English became so confident that they attacked Chandernagar, the French settlement again challenging the sovereignty of Nawab. |
Consider the following statements:
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
Correct | Correct |
The French harbored a wish to engage in the commerce of the East since the opening years of the sixteenth century, their appearance on the Indian coasts was late. They were the last Europeans to come to India with the purpose of trade. Colbert laid the foundation of the Compagnie des Indes Orientales (French East India Company) in 1664, which was granted a 50-year monopoly on French trade in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. In 1667, Francois Caron headed an expedition to India. Consequently, the first French factory in India was established at Surat in 1668 and a later one at Masulipatnam in 1669. | In 1673, Sher Khan Lodi, the governor of Valikondapuram (under the Bijapur Sultan), granted Francois Martin, the director of the Masulipatnam factory, a site for a settlement. Pondicherry was founded in 1674. In the same year, Francois Martin replaced Caron as the French governor. The French company established its factories in other parts of India also, particularly in the coastal regions. Mahe, Karaikal, Balasore and Qasim Bazar were a few important trading centres of the French East India Company. |
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
Correct | Correct |
The French harbored a wish to engage in the commerce of the East since the opening years of the sixteenth century, their appearance on the Indian coasts was late. They were the last Europeans to come to India with the purpose of trade. Colbert laid the foundation of the Compagnie des Indes Orientales (French East India Company) in 1664, which was granted a 50-year monopoly on French trade in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. In 1667, Francois Caron headed an expedition to India. Consequently, the first French factory in India was established at Surat in 1668 and a later one at Masulipatnam in 1669. | In 1673, Sher Khan Lodi, the governor of Valikondapuram (under the Bijapur Sultan), granted Francois Martin, the director of the Masulipatnam factory, a site for a settlement. Pondicherry was founded in 1674. In the same year, Francois Martin replaced Caron as the French governor. The French company established its factories in other parts of India also, particularly in the coastal regions. Mahe, Karaikal, Balasore and Qasim Bazar were a few important trading centres of the French East India Company. |
The Battle of Plassey paved the way for the British mastery of Bengal and eventually of the whole of India. Which of the following were the reasons for the Battle of Plassey?
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Correct | Correct | Incorrect | Incorrect |
This Farman was a perpetual source of conflict between the Company and the Nawabs of Bengal. For one, it meant the loss of revenue to the Bengal Government.
Secondly, the power to issue dastaks for the Company’s goods was misused by the Company’s servants to evade taxes on their private trade. |
Without taking the Nawab’s permission, the Company began to fortify Calcutta in expectation of the coming struggle with the French, who were stationed at this time at Chandernagore. | Mir Qasim treated Indian merchants and English as same, without granting any special privileges for the latter.
Therefore, abolition of duties on internal trade by the Nawab Mir Qasim was one of the reasons to Battle of Buxar. |
Mir Qasim wanted to be independent and shifted his capital to Munger Fort from Calcutta.
This was one of the reasons to Battle of Buxar. |
Causes of the Battle of Plassey:
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Correct | Correct | Incorrect | Incorrect |
This Farman was a perpetual source of conflict between the Company and the Nawabs of Bengal. For one, it meant the loss of revenue to the Bengal Government.
Secondly, the power to issue dastaks for the Company’s goods was misused by the Company’s servants to evade taxes on their private trade. |
Without taking the Nawab’s permission, the Company began to fortify Calcutta in expectation of the coming struggle with the French, who were stationed at this time at Chandernagore. | Mir Qasim treated Indian merchants and English as same, without granting any special privileges for the latter.
Therefore, abolition of duties on internal trade by the Nawab Mir Qasim was one of the reasons to Battle of Buxar. |
Mir Qasim wanted to be independent and shifted his capital to Munger Fort from Calcutta.
This was one of the reasons to Battle of Buxar. |
Causes of the Battle of Plassey:
Which of the following statements is incorrect with regard to Subsidiary Alliance?
Solution (b)
a) | b) | c) | d) |
Correct | Incorrect | Correct | Correct |
According to the terms of Subsidiary Alliance, the Indian rulers were not allowed to have their independent armed forces. They were to be protected by the Company, but had to pay for the ‘subsidiary forces’ that the Company was supposed to maintain for the purpose of this protection. | The States had to pay the company for the protection under the Subsidiary Alliance in the form of cash or territory. Diwani rights were not given to the company. | According to the terms of Subsidiary Alliance, if the Indian rulers failed to make the payment, then part of their territory was taken away as penalty. | The policy of Subsidiary alliance was used by Lord Wellesley to further the process of expansion of the Company’s rule in India. When he was Governor General (1798-1805), the Nawab of Awadh was forced to give over half of his territory to the Company in 1801, as he failed to pay for the ‘subsidiary forces’. Hyderabad was also forced to cede territories on similar grounds. |
Solution (b)
a) | b) | c) | d) |
Correct | Incorrect | Correct | Correct |
According to the terms of Subsidiary Alliance, the Indian rulers were not allowed to have their independent armed forces. They were to be protected by the Company, but had to pay for the ‘subsidiary forces’ that the Company was supposed to maintain for the purpose of this protection. | The States had to pay the company for the protection under the Subsidiary Alliance in the form of cash or territory. Diwani rights were not given to the company. | According to the terms of Subsidiary Alliance, if the Indian rulers failed to make the payment, then part of their territory was taken away as penalty. | The policy of Subsidiary alliance was used by Lord Wellesley to further the process of expansion of the Company’s rule in India. When he was Governor General (1798-1805), the Nawab of Awadh was forced to give over half of his territory to the Company in 1801, as he failed to pay for the ‘subsidiary forces’. Hyderabad was also forced to cede territories on similar grounds. |
With reference to the policy of annexation by diplomacy and administrative mechanisms by British, consider the following pairs:
Governor-General Policy
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Correct |
Policy of Ring Fence:
It is followed by Warren Hastings, under which aimed at creating buffer zones to defend the Company’s frontiers. Broadly speaking, it was the policy of defence of their neighbours’ frontiers for safeguarding their own territories. This policy of Warren Hastings was reflected in his war against the Marathas and Mysore. |
Policy of Subsidiary Alliance:
It is followed by Lord Wellesley, under which the allying Indian state’s ruler was compelled to accept the permanent stationing of a British force within his territory and to pay a subsidy for its maintenance. Also, the Indian ruler had to agree to the posting of a British resident in his court. Under the system, the Indian ruler could not employ any European in his service without the prior approval of the British. Nor could he negotiate with any other Indian ruler without consulting the governor-general. In return for all this, the British would defend the ruler from his enemies and adopt a policy of noninterference in the internal matters of the allied state. |
Policy of Doctrine of Lapse:
It is followed by Lord Dalhousie, under which the adopted son could be the heir to his foster father’s private property, but not the state; it was for the paramount power (the British) to decide whether to bestow the state on the adopted son or to annex it. |
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Correct |
Policy of Ring Fence:
It is followed by Warren Hastings, under which aimed at creating buffer zones to defend the Company’s frontiers. Broadly speaking, it was the policy of defence of their neighbours’ frontiers for safeguarding their own territories. This policy of Warren Hastings was reflected in his war against the Marathas and Mysore. |
Policy of Subsidiary Alliance:
It is followed by Lord Wellesley, under which the allying Indian state’s ruler was compelled to accept the permanent stationing of a British force within his territory and to pay a subsidy for its maintenance. Also, the Indian ruler had to agree to the posting of a British resident in his court. Under the system, the Indian ruler could not employ any European in his service without the prior approval of the British. Nor could he negotiate with any other Indian ruler without consulting the governor-general. In return for all this, the British would defend the ruler from his enemies and adopt a policy of noninterference in the internal matters of the allied state. |
Policy of Doctrine of Lapse:
It is followed by Lord Dalhousie, under which the adopted son could be the heir to his foster father’s private property, but not the state; it was for the paramount power (the British) to decide whether to bestow the state on the adopted son or to annex it. |
Which of the statements are correct regarding the Ring-Fencing policy?
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Incorrect | Correct | Correct |
Warren Hastings followed this policy to counter the powerful combination of the Marathas, Mysore and Hyderabad. He followed a policy of Ring-fence (1773-1785) which aimed at creating buffer zones to defend the company’s frontiers. It was the subsidiary alliance policy adopted by Wellesley to keep India safe from Napoleonic danger. | The states brought under the ring-fence system were assured of military assistance against external aggression at their own expense. | To safeguard against the dangers from afghan invaders and the Marathas, the East India company undertook to organize the defence of the frontiers. For example, to defend the Bengal, it required to defend the frontier of Awadh. Thus, in ring fence policy the Allies were required to maintain forces which were to be organized, equipped and commanded by the officers of the company who in turn were to be paid by the rulers of these states. |
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Incorrect | Correct | Correct |
Warren Hastings followed this policy to counter the powerful combination of the Marathas, Mysore and Hyderabad. He followed a policy of Ring-fence (1773-1785) which aimed at creating buffer zones to defend the company’s frontiers. It was the subsidiary alliance policy adopted by Wellesley to keep India safe from Napoleonic danger. | The states brought under the ring-fence system were assured of military assistance against external aggression at their own expense. | To safeguard against the dangers from afghan invaders and the Marathas, the East India company undertook to organize the defence of the frontiers. For example, to defend the Bengal, it required to defend the frontier of Awadh. Thus, in ring fence policy the Allies were required to maintain forces which were to be organized, equipped and commanded by the officers of the company who in turn were to be paid by the rulers of these states. |
Consider the following pairs:
Treaty War
How many of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Incorrect | Correct |
The Treaty of Yandabo was the peace treaty that ended the First Anglo-Burmese War. The treaty was signed in 1826, nearly two years after the war formally broke out. It was signed by General Sir Archibald Campbell on the British side, and the Governor of Legaing Maha Min Hla Kyaw Htin from the Burmese side, without any due permission and consent of the Ahom kingdom, Kachari kingdom or the other territories covered in the treaty. | The Treaty of Salbai was signed in 1782, by representatives of the Maratha Empire and the British East India Company after long negotiations to settle the outcome of the First Anglo-Maratha War (1775-82). It was signed between Warren Hastings and Mahadaji Scindia. The Treaty of Surat was signed in 1775 between Raghunath Rao, a claimant to the throne of the Peshwa and the British East India Company at Bombay. | The Treaty of Lahore, signed in 1846, was a peace treaty marking the end of the First Anglo-Sikh War (1845-46). The control of the rivers Sutlej and Beas and part of the Indus passed to the British, with the provison that this was not to interfere with the passage of passenger boats owned by the Lahore Government. Also, provision was made for the separate sale of all the hilly regions between River Beas and Indus, including Kashmir, by the East India Company at a later date to Gulab Singh, the Raja of Jammu. |
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Incorrect | Correct |
The Treaty of Yandabo was the peace treaty that ended the First Anglo-Burmese War. The treaty was signed in 1826, nearly two years after the war formally broke out. It was signed by General Sir Archibald Campbell on the British side, and the Governor of Legaing Maha Min Hla Kyaw Htin from the Burmese side, without any due permission and consent of the Ahom kingdom, Kachari kingdom or the other territories covered in the treaty. | The Treaty of Salbai was signed in 1782, by representatives of the Maratha Empire and the British East India Company after long negotiations to settle the outcome of the First Anglo-Maratha War (1775-82). It was signed between Warren Hastings and Mahadaji Scindia. The Treaty of Surat was signed in 1775 between Raghunath Rao, a claimant to the throne of the Peshwa and the British East India Company at Bombay. | The Treaty of Lahore, signed in 1846, was a peace treaty marking the end of the First Anglo-Sikh War (1845-46). The control of the rivers Sutlej and Beas and part of the Indus passed to the British, with the provison that this was not to interfere with the passage of passenger boats owned by the Lahore Government. Also, provision was made for the separate sale of all the hilly regions between River Beas and Indus, including Kashmir, by the East India Company at a later date to Gulab Singh, the Raja of Jammu. |
With reference to Anglo-Mysore wars, consider the following statements:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (a)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Incorrect | Incorrect | Correct |
The Treaty of Seringapatam was signed between Tippu Sultan and the English in 1792. Under the treaty, nearly half of the Mysorean territory was taken over by the victors of the third Anglo-Mysore war- the state of Travancore, the British, the Nizam of Hyderabad and the Marathas. | The Nizam of Hyderabad and the Marathas kept changing their strategies with time. During the first Anglo Mysore war, Haidar Ali turned the Nizam and the Marathas against the British through his skillful diplomacy. Later however, Marathas attacked Mysore in 1771. In the second and third Anglo-Mysore war, both Nizam and the British sided with the English forces against the state of Mysore. | In 1798, Lord Wellesley succeeded Sir John Shore as the new Governor General of Bengal. He was concerned about the growing friendship between Tippu Sultan and the French. He accused Tippu Sultan of conspiracy against the British. The fourth Anglo-Mysore war that followed was also participated by Arthur Wellesley, the brother of Lord Wellesley. Hence, both Wellesley brothers were involved in the fourth Anglo-Mysore war. |
Solution (a)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Incorrect | Incorrect | Correct |
The Treaty of Seringapatam was signed between Tippu Sultan and the English in 1792. Under the treaty, nearly half of the Mysorean territory was taken over by the victors of the third Anglo-Mysore war- the state of Travancore, the British, the Nizam of Hyderabad and the Marathas. | The Nizam of Hyderabad and the Marathas kept changing their strategies with time. During the first Anglo Mysore war, Haidar Ali turned the Nizam and the Marathas against the British through his skillful diplomacy. Later however, Marathas attacked Mysore in 1771. In the second and third Anglo-Mysore war, both Nizam and the British sided with the English forces against the state of Mysore. | In 1798, Lord Wellesley succeeded Sir John Shore as the new Governor General of Bengal. He was concerned about the growing friendship between Tippu Sultan and the French. He accused Tippu Sultan of conspiracy against the British. The fourth Anglo-Mysore war that followed was also participated by Arthur Wellesley, the brother of Lord Wellesley. Hence, both Wellesley brothers were involved in the fourth Anglo-Mysore war. |
Consider the following pairs:
Land Revenue System Associated Areas
How many of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
Solution (a)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Incorrect | Incorrect |
Permanent Settlement:
It was introduced in Bengal and Bihar in 1793 by Lord Cornwallis through the Permanent Settlement Act. Under the settlement, Zamindars were to give 10/11th of the rental they derived keeping only 1/11th for themselves and the sums to be paid were fixed in perpetuity. It was later extended to Orissa, The Northern districts of Madras, and the Districts of Varanasi.
|
Mahalwari system:
It was a modified version of the zamindari settlement introduced in the Gangetic valley, the northwest Provinces, parts of central India, and Punjab. Cultivation of land was done on a co-sharing basis and the assessment was fixed for the entire village or estate. The responsibility of paying taxes lay with landlords or heads of families who collectively claimed to be the landlords of the village or the estate. The settlement was also periodically revised.
|
Ryotwari system:
The British introduced a new form of revenue settlement in Madras, Bombay, and Berar regions called the Ryotwari system. Under the Ryotwari system, a direct tax contact was established between the ryot (the cultivator) and the state. The cultivator was to be recognized as the owner of his plot of land subject to the payment of land revenue. It was not permanent and was renegotiated periodically after 20 to 30 years.
|
Solution (a)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Incorrect | Incorrect |
Permanent Settlement:
It was introduced in Bengal and Bihar in 1793 by Lord Cornwallis through the Permanent Settlement Act. Under the settlement, Zamindars were to give 10/11th of the rental they derived keeping only 1/11th for themselves and the sums to be paid were fixed in perpetuity. It was later extended to Orissa, The Northern districts of Madras, and the Districts of Varanasi.
|
Mahalwari system:
It was a modified version of the zamindari settlement introduced in the Gangetic valley, the northwest Provinces, parts of central India, and Punjab. Cultivation of land was done on a co-sharing basis and the assessment was fixed for the entire village or estate. The responsibility of paying taxes lay with landlords or heads of families who collectively claimed to be the landlords of the village or the estate. The settlement was also periodically revised.
|
Ryotwari system:
The British introduced a new form of revenue settlement in Madras, Bombay, and Berar regions called the Ryotwari system. Under the Ryotwari system, a direct tax contact was established between the ryot (the cultivator) and the state. The cultivator was to be recognized as the owner of his plot of land subject to the payment of land revenue. It was not permanent and was renegotiated periodically after 20 to 30 years.
|
Consider the following statements regarding Sovereign Gold Bond (SGB) Scheme:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Solution (b)
Consider the following statements regarding the consent principle for the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI):
Choose the correct code:
Solution (a)
Solution (a)
Consider the following statements about Cargo Release Time:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Note:
Solution (b)
Note:
Consider the following statements regarding Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Solution (b)
Consider the following statements about the characteristics of Mesolithic Rock Paintings:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (c)
The characteristics of Mesolithic Rock Paintings:
Solution (c)
The characteristics of Mesolithic Rock Paintings:
The Canary Islands are located in?
Solution (d)
Solution (d)
Consider the following statements about the ‘United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation’ (UNESCO):
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Issue of USA Leaving UNESCO
India and UNESCO
Solution (b)
Issue of USA Leaving UNESCO
India and UNESCO
Consider the following statements about the composition of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC):
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Solution (b)
Consider the following statements about the Food Corporation of India (FCI):
Choose the correct code:
Solution (c)
Objectives of FCI:
Solution (c)
Objectives of FCI:
Consider the following statements:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Note: Major Protected Areas in Odisha
National Parks:
Solution (b)
Note: Major Protected Areas in Odisha
National Parks:
Eight friends P, Q, R, S, T, U, V and W are sitting around a circular table facing the centre. V sits second to the right of P, whose third to the left is T. R sits third to the left of Q, and S sits immediately between V and R. U and V cannot sit opposite each other. Three of the following four are similar in a certain way based on their positions in the seating arrangement and so form a group.
Which of the following does not belong to that group?
Solution (c)
According to the data given, the arrangement of 8 friends will be like this
Venn diagram
By analyzing the combinations,
We find that RW, TQ, VR are in clockwise direction with one person in between
SU is in anti-clockwise direction, so it is the odd one out.
Solution (c)
According to the data given, the arrangement of 8 friends will be like this
Venn diagram
By analyzing the combinations,
We find that RW, TQ, VR are in clockwise direction with one person in between
SU is in anti-clockwise direction, so it is the odd one out.
In a class of 120 students, 62 like English, 52 like Mathematics and 24 like both English and Mathematics. What percentage of students in the class do not like both the subjects?
Solution (c)
Total Students in a class = 120
Number of students who like English = 62
Number of students who like Maths = 52
Number of students who like both English and Maths = 24
Number of students who like neither English nor Maths = 120 – (62 + 52 – 24) = 120 – 90 = 30 Percentage of students who do not like both English and Maths = (30/120) × 100 = 1/4 = 25% Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.
Solution (c)
Total Students in a class = 120
Number of students who like English = 62
Number of students who like Maths = 52
Number of students who like both English and Maths = 24
Number of students who like neither English nor Maths = 120 – (62 + 52 – 24) = 120 – 90 = 30 Percentage of students who do not like both English and Maths = (30/120) × 100 = 1/4 = 25% Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.
Consider a 3-digit integer x with distinct digits. Let y be the integer formed by swapping x’s units and hundreds digits. What is the greatest prime number less than 30 that perfectly divides the absolute difference between x and y?
Solution (b)
Let 3-digit integer x with distinct digits. = abc
100a + 10b + c y be the integer formed by swapping x’s units and hundreds digits. => cba
100c + 10b + a
Difference = 100a + 10b + c – (100c + 10b + a) = 99a – 99c
= 99(a – c)
= 3 * 3 *11 (a – c)
11 is the greatest prime number that perfectly divides the absolute difference between x and y
Solution (b)
Let 3-digit integer x with distinct digits. = abc
100a + 10b + c y be the integer formed by swapping x’s units and hundreds digits. => cba
100c + 10b + a
Difference = 100a + 10b + c – (100c + 10b + a) = 99a – 99c
= 99(a – c)
= 3 * 3 *11 (a – c)
11 is the greatest prime number that perfectly divides the absolute difference between x and y
In the English alphabet, the first 4 letters are written in opposite order; and the next 4 letters are written in opposite order and so on; and at the end Y and Z are interchanged. Which will be the fourth letter to the right of the 13th letter ?
Solution (b)
English alphabets are: ABCD EFGH IJKL MNOP QRST UVWX YZ
As per the question, the alphabets are arranged as follows:
DCBA HGFE LKJI PONM TSRQ XWVU ZY
13TH letter is P. And the fourth letter right to P is T.
Solution (b)
English alphabets are: ABCD EFGH IJKL MNOP QRST UVWX YZ
As per the question, the alphabets are arranged as follows:
DCBA HGFE LKJI PONM TSRQ XWVU ZY
13TH letter is P. And the fourth letter right to P is T.
Abhishek was conducting an experiment in which the average of 11 observations came to be 90, while the average of first five observations was 87, and that of the last five was 84. What was the measure of 6th observation?
Solution (d)
Explanation Let the 6th observation be ‘x’ Average of first five is 87 and last five is 84
First five observation total = 87 x 5 = 435
Last five observation total = 84 x 5 = 420
Sum total of 11 observation = 11 x 90 = 990
∴ 435 + 420 + x = 990 => x = 990 – 435 – 420 = 135
Solution (d)
Explanation Let the 6th observation be ‘x’ Average of first five is 87 and last five is 84
First five observation total = 87 x 5 = 435
Last five observation total = 84 x 5 = 420
Sum total of 11 observation = 11 x 90 = 990
∴ 435 + 420 + x = 990 => x = 990 – 435 – 420 = 135
All the Best
IASbaba