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The following Test is based on the syllabus of 60 Days Plan-2023 for UPSC IAS Prelims 2022.
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Which among the following parameters is/are used for the calculation of GDP at Basic Price?
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Incorrect |
Cost of factors of production, such as land, labour and capital are one of the parameters used for calculation of GDP at Basic Price. | Production subsidies is one of the parameters used for calculation of GDP at Basic Price. | Product taxes is not a parameter used for calculation of GDP at Basic Price. |
Note:
The Basic Price is the price expected to be received by the producer.
It is calculated as:
‘Factor Cost ‘+ ‘Production Taxes ‘– ‘Production Subsidies ‘.
Hence,
GDP at Basic Price = ‘GDP at Factor Cost’ + ‘Production Taxes’ – ‘Production Subsidies’.
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Incorrect |
Cost of factors of production, such as land, labour and capital are one of the parameters used for calculation of GDP at Basic Price. | Production subsidies is one of the parameters used for calculation of GDP at Basic Price. | Product taxes is not a parameter used for calculation of GDP at Basic Price. |
Note:
The Basic Price is the price expected to be received by the producer.
It is calculated as:
‘Factor Cost ‘+ ‘Production Taxes ‘– ‘Production Subsidies ‘.
Hence,
GDP at Basic Price = ‘GDP at Factor Cost’ + ‘Production Taxes’ – ‘Production Subsidies’.
Which among the following can be considered either as ‘Production tax/taxes or Production subsidy/subsidies?
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Solution (a)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Incorrect | Incorrect |
Stamp Duty à Production Tax | GST à Product Tax
|
Subsidies on food and kerosene à Product Subsidy
|
Note:
Production Taxes or Production Subsidies:
Production taxes or production subsidies are paid or received with relation to production and are independent of the volume of actual production.
Product Tax or Product Subsidy:
Product taxes or subsidies are paid or received on per unit of product.
Solution (a)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Incorrect | Incorrect |
Stamp Duty à Production Tax | GST à Product Tax
|
Subsidies on food and kerosene à Product Subsidy
|
Note:
Production Taxes or Production Subsidies:
Production taxes or production subsidies are paid or received with relation to production and are independent of the volume of actual production.
Product Tax or Product Subsidy:
Product taxes or subsidies are paid or received on per unit of product.
Which among the following correctly depicts/depict the nature of relationship between the GDP at Factor Cost, Basic Price and Market Price?
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Solution (d)
Relationship between GDP at Market Price and GDP at Basic Price:
Relationship between GDP at Market Price and GDP at Factor Cost:
Substituting the value of GDP at Basic Price with GDP at Factor Cost in equation 1,
GDP at Market Price = (GDP at Factor Cost + Production Taxes – Production Subsidies) + Product Taxes – Product Subsidies
GDP at Market Price = GDP at Factor Cost + (Production Taxes + Product Taxes) – (Production Subsidies + Product Subsidies)
GDP at Market price = GDP at Factor Cost + Indirect Taxes – Subsidies
Solution (d)
Relationship between GDP at Market Price and GDP at Basic Price:
Relationship between GDP at Market Price and GDP at Factor Cost:
Substituting the value of GDP at Basic Price with GDP at Factor Cost in equation 1,
GDP at Market Price = (GDP at Factor Cost + Production Taxes – Production Subsidies) + Product Taxes – Product Subsidies
GDP at Market Price = GDP at Factor Cost + (Production Taxes + Product Taxes) – (Production Subsidies + Product Subsidies)
GDP at Market price = GDP at Factor Cost + Indirect Taxes – Subsidies
If the Net Factor Income from Abroad (NFIA) of a particular country is positive, what would it denote?
Solution (b)
The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the value of goods and services produced within a country’s borders, by both the citizens and the noncitizens.
On the other hand, the Gross National Product (GNP) measures the value of goods and services produced by only the country’s citizens, but both domestically and abroad.
GNP = GDP + Income earned by the Indians outside India – Income earned by the foreigners within India.
GNP = GDP + Net Factor Income from Abroad (NFIA).
Solution (b)
The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the value of goods and services produced within a country’s borders, by both the citizens and the noncitizens.
On the other hand, the Gross National Product (GNP) measures the value of goods and services produced by only the country’s citizens, but both domestically and abroad.
GNP = GDP + Income earned by the Indians outside India – Income earned by the foreigners within India.
GNP = GDP + Net Factor Income from Abroad (NFIA).
With reference to the GDP estimation in India, consider the following statements:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Correct |
The GDP is estimated at the Market Prices, instead of the Factor Cost. | The base year for the calculation of the GDP is 2011-12. | The GDP is estimated by the National Statistical Office (NSO). |
Note:
Gross Domestic Product (GDP):
Recent changes in the GDP estimation (2015):
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Correct |
The GDP is estimated at the Market Prices, instead of the Factor Cost. | The base year for the calculation of the GDP is 2011-12. | The GDP is estimated by the National Statistical Office (NSO). |
Note:
Gross Domestic Product (GDP):
Recent changes in the GDP estimation (2015):
With reference to the ‘Veblen Goods’, consider the following statements:
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Solution (a)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
Correct | Incorrect |
‘Veblen Goods‘ are the goods for which the demand increases as the price increases. | Veblen goods are typically high-quality goods that are made well, are exclusive and are a status symbol.
Veblen goods are generally sought after by the affluent consumers, who place a premium on the utility of the goods. Some of the examples include diamonds, iPhones, etc. |
Solution (a)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
Correct | Incorrect |
‘Veblen Goods‘ are the goods for which the demand increases as the price increases. | Veblen goods are typically high-quality goods that are made well, are exclusive and are a status symbol.
Veblen goods are generally sought after by the affluent consumers, who place a premium on the utility of the goods. Some of the examples include diamonds, iPhones, etc. |
Consider the following statements:
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
Correct | Correct |
A Giffen good is a type of inferior good, but not all inferior goods are Giffen goods. An inferior good is a good for which the quantity demanded decreases as its price increases, meaning that as the consumer’s income increases, they will demand less of the good. A Giffen good is a specific type of inferior good for which an increase in price leads to an increase in the quantity demanded, resulting in a violation of the basic law of demand. This occurs because the good is so poor in quality and expensive that as the price increases, it becomes a luxury item and consumers demand more of it. | Giffen Goods are those goods whose demand increases with the increase in their prices. |
Note:
Giffen Goods:
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
Correct | Correct |
A Giffen good is a type of inferior good, but not all inferior goods are Giffen goods. An inferior good is a good for which the quantity demanded decreases as its price increases, meaning that as the consumer’s income increases, they will demand less of the good. A Giffen good is a specific type of inferior good for which an increase in price leads to an increase in the quantity demanded, resulting in a violation of the basic law of demand. This occurs because the good is so poor in quality and expensive that as the price increases, it becomes a luxury item and consumers demand more of it. | Giffen Goods are those goods whose demand increases with the increase in their prices. |
Note:
Giffen Goods:
Which of the following is/ are the characteristics of a mixed economy?
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Correct |
Mixed economies typically maintain private ownership and control of most of the means of production, but often under government regulation. | A mixed economic system protects private property and allows a level of economic freedom in the use of capital, but also allows for the governments to interfere in the economic activities, in order to achieve social aims. | A mixed economy is an economy organized with some free-market elements and some socialistic elements, which lies on a continuum, somewhere between pure capitalism and pure socialism.
Mixed economies socialize select industries that are deemed essential or that produce public goods. |
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Correct |
Mixed economies typically maintain private ownership and control of most of the means of production, but often under government regulation. | A mixed economic system protects private property and allows a level of economic freedom in the use of capital, but also allows for the governments to interfere in the economic activities, in order to achieve social aims. | A mixed economy is an economy organized with some free-market elements and some socialistic elements, which lies on a continuum, somewhere between pure capitalism and pure socialism.
Mixed economies socialize select industries that are deemed essential or that produce public goods. |
Which of the following economic activities come under the tertiary sector of the economy?
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 | Statement 5 |
Correct | Correct | Incorrect | Correct | Correct |
Transportation is part of Tertiary Sector | Storage is part of Tertiary Sector | Food Processing is part of Primary or Secondary Sector | Communication is part of Tertiary Sector | Banking is part of Tertiary Sector |
Note:
Primary Sector:
Secondary Sector:
Tertiary Sector:
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 | Statement 5 |
Correct | Correct | Incorrect | Correct | Correct |
Transportation is part of Tertiary Sector | Storage is part of Tertiary Sector | Food Processing is part of Primary or Secondary Sector | Communication is part of Tertiary Sector | Banking is part of Tertiary Sector |
Note:
Primary Sector:
Secondary Sector:
Tertiary Sector:
Consider the following statements about the Human Capital Index:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (d)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Incorrect | Incorrect | Incorrect |
Human Capital Index is published by the World Bank. | The Human Capital Index (HCI) measures the human capital that a child born today can expect to attain by her 18th birthday, given the risks of poor health and poor education prevailing in her country. | Components :
1: Survival from birth to school age, measured using under-5 mortality rates. Component 2: Expected years of learning-adjusted school, combining information on the quantity and quality of education. Component 3: Health – In the absence of a single broadly-accepted, directly measured and widely available metric, the overall health environment is captured by two proxies- a) Adult survival rates, defined as the fraction of 15-year-olds who survive until age 60 b) The rate of stunting for children under age 5. |
Solution (d)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Incorrect | Incorrect | Incorrect |
Human Capital Index is published by the World Bank. | The Human Capital Index (HCI) measures the human capital that a child born today can expect to attain by her 18th birthday, given the risks of poor health and poor education prevailing in her country. | Components :
1: Survival from birth to school age, measured using under-5 mortality rates. Component 2: Expected years of learning-adjusted school, combining information on the quantity and quality of education. Component 3: Health – In the absence of a single broadly-accepted, directly measured and widely available metric, the overall health environment is captured by two proxies- a) Adult survival rates, defined as the fraction of 15-year-olds who survive until age 60 b) The rate of stunting for children under age 5. |
Which of the following are the examples of human capital?
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Correct | Incorrect | Correct | Incorrect |
The owner of a physical capital, say a bus, need not be present in the place where it is used; whereas, a bus driver, who possesses the knowledge and ability to drive the bus, should be present when the bus is used for transportation of people and materials. | Construction of a factory is a physical capital. | Increase in the number of doctors is an increase in the human capital. | Publication of school books is a part of physical capital. However, it helps in augmenting human capital. |
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Correct | Incorrect | Correct | Incorrect |
The owner of a physical capital, say a bus, need not be present in the place where it is used; whereas, a bus driver, who possesses the knowledge and ability to drive the bus, should be present when the bus is used for transportation of people and materials. | Construction of a factory is a physical capital. | Increase in the number of doctors is an increase in the human capital. | Publication of school books is a part of physical capital. However, it helps in augmenting human capital. |
Consider the following statements regarding the World Bank’s classification of the world economies:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
The World Bank classifies economies for analytical purposes into four income groups: low, lower-middle, upper-middle, and high income. For this purpose, it uses gross national income (GNI) per capita data in U.S. dollars, converted from local currency using the World Bank Atlas method, which is applied to smooth exchange rate fluctuations.
Estimates of GNI are obtained from economists in World Bank country units who rely primarily on official data published by the countries; the size of the population is estimated by World Bank demographers from a variety of sources, including the UN’s biennial World Population Prospects.
Countries are classified each year on July 1, based on the estimate of their GNI per capita for the previous calendar year. Income groupings remain fixed for the entire World Bank fiscal year (i.e., until July 1 of the following year), even if GNI per capita estimates are revised in the meantime.
Statement 1 |
Statement 2 |
Statement 3 |
Correct |
Correct |
Incorrect |
The World Bank classifies the world’s economies into four income groups – high, upper-middle, lower- middle, and low. |
This assignment is based on Gross National Income (GNI) per capita (current US$). The classification is updated each year on July 1st. |
India currently falls in the World Bank’s lower-middle income category while China currently falls in the upper-middle income category. |
Solution (b)
The World Bank classifies economies for analytical purposes into four income groups: low, lower-middle, upper-middle, and high income. For this purpose, it uses gross national income (GNI) per capita data in U.S. dollars, converted from local currency using the World Bank Atlas method, which is applied to smooth exchange rate fluctuations.
Estimates of GNI are obtained from economists in World Bank country units who rely primarily on official data published by the countries; the size of the population is estimated by World Bank demographers from a variety of sources, including the UN’s biennial World Population Prospects.
Countries are classified each year on July 1, based on the estimate of their GNI per capita for the previous calendar year. Income groupings remain fixed for the entire World Bank fiscal year (i.e., until July 1 of the following year), even if GNI per capita estimates are revised in the meantime.
Statement 1 |
Statement 2 |
Statement 3 |
Correct |
Correct |
Incorrect |
The World Bank classifies the world’s economies into four income groups – high, upper-middle, lower- middle, and low. |
This assignment is based on Gross National Income (GNI) per capita (current US$). The classification is updated each year on July 1st. |
India currently falls in the World Bank’s lower-middle income category while China currently falls in the upper-middle income category. |
The maximum amount of income available within a domestic economy for the consumption of goods and services is termed as:
Solution (c)
Solution (c)
With reference to “Income elasticity of demand”, which of the following statements is/are correct?
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Solution (c)
Statement 1 |
Statement 2 |
Correct |
Correct |
Normal goods have a positive income elasticity of demand. As incomes rise, more goods are demanded at each price level. The quantity demanded for normal necessities will increase with income, but at a slower rate than luxury goods. This is because consumers, rather than buying more of the necessities, will likely use their increased income to purchase more luxury goods and services. |
Inferior goods have a negative income elasticity of demand – the quantity demanded for inferior goods falls as incomes rise. For example, the quantity demanded for generic food items tends to decrease during periods of increased incomes.
|
Solution (c)
Statement 1 |
Statement 2 |
Correct |
Correct |
Normal goods have a positive income elasticity of demand. As incomes rise, more goods are demanded at each price level. The quantity demanded for normal necessities will increase with income, but at a slower rate than luxury goods. This is because consumers, rather than buying more of the necessities, will likely use their increased income to purchase more luxury goods and services. |
Inferior goods have a negative income elasticity of demand – the quantity demanded for inferior goods falls as incomes rise. For example, the quantity demanded for generic food items tends to decrease during periods of increased incomes.
|
“These are final goods that are of a durable character. They make the production of other commodities feasible, but they themselves don’t get transformed into the production goods. They gradually undergo wear and tear, and thus are repaired or gradually replaced over time”
Which of the following is described in the above passage?
Solution (b)
Solution (b)
Which of the following is/are observed in an economy during the expansion phase of the economic cycle?
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Solution (a)
Statement 1 |
Statement 2 |
Statement 3 |
Incorrect |
Correct |
Incorrect |
During the expansion phase, the economy experiences relatively rapid growth, interest rates tend to be low, and production increases. |
During the expansion phase, the economy experiences relatively moderate to high inflation due to rise in aggregate demand. |
In the expansion phase, there is an increase in various economic factors, such as production, employment, output, wages, profits, demand and supply of products, and sales. Thus, there is decrease in unemployment. |
Solution (a)
Statement 1 |
Statement 2 |
Statement 3 |
Incorrect |
Correct |
Incorrect |
During the expansion phase, the economy experiences relatively rapid growth, interest rates tend to be low, and production increases. |
During the expansion phase, the economy experiences relatively moderate to high inflation due to rise in aggregate demand. |
In the expansion phase, there is an increase in various economic factors, such as production, employment, output, wages, profits, demand and supply of products, and sales. Thus, there is decrease in unemployment. |
In an open economy, for the barter system to operate successfully, which of the following principle must be completely satisfied?
Solution (b)
Solution (b)
In the Product method or Gross Value Added (GVA) method, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is calculated by adding the gross value added (GVA) of all firms in the economy.
Which of the following are used to find the GVA of a firm?
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Solution (d)
Statement 1 |
Statement 2 |
Statement 3 |
Correct |
Correct |
Correct |
In the Product method or Gross Value Added (GVA) method, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is calculated by adding the gross value added (GVA) of all firms in the economy. GVA = Value of sales by the firm + Value of change in inventories – Value of intermediate goods used by the firm. | This equation has been derived by using;
Change in inventories of a firm during a year = Production of the firm during the year – Sale of the firm during the year. |
Gross value added of firm = Gross value of the output produced by the firm – Value of intermediate goods used by the firm. |
Solution (d)
Statement 1 |
Statement 2 |
Statement 3 |
Correct |
Correct |
Correct |
In the Product method or Gross Value Added (GVA) method, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is calculated by adding the gross value added (GVA) of all firms in the economy. GVA = Value of sales by the firm + Value of change in inventories – Value of intermediate goods used by the firm. | This equation has been derived by using;
Change in inventories of a firm during a year = Production of the firm during the year – Sale of the firm during the year. |
Gross value added of firm = Gross value of the output produced by the firm – Value of intermediate goods used by the firm. |
Factor Cost is a measure of national income or output based on the cost of factors of production. Which of the following are included in the factor cost?
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Solution (c)
The total cost incurred in deploying all factors, which led to the production or generation of goods and commodities available in the market, is known as factor cost.
Taxes paid to the government are not included in the factor cost since they are not directly engaged in the production process and so are not a component of the direct production cost.
Statement 1 |
Statement 2 |
Statement 3 |
Statement 4 |
Correct |
Correct |
Incorrect |
Incorrect |
Factor cost refers to the actual cost of the various factors of production that includes government grants. | Factor cost refers to the actual cost of the various factors of production that even includes subsidies. | Factor cost excludes custom duty.
|
Factor cost excludes indirect taxes like service tax.
|
Solution (c)
The total cost incurred in deploying all factors, which led to the production or generation of goods and commodities available in the market, is known as factor cost.
Taxes paid to the government are not included in the factor cost since they are not directly engaged in the production process and so are not a component of the direct production cost.
Statement 1 |
Statement 2 |
Statement 3 |
Statement 4 |
Correct |
Correct |
Incorrect |
Incorrect |
Factor cost refers to the actual cost of the various factors of production that includes government grants. | Factor cost refers to the actual cost of the various factors of production that even includes subsidies. | Factor cost excludes custom duty.
|
Factor cost excludes indirect taxes like service tax.
|
Consider the following statements regarding GDP calculation.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Statement 1 |
Statement 2 |
Statement 3 |
Correct |
Correct |
Incorrect |
Gross domestic product (GDP) is the single standard indicator used across the globe to indicate the health of a nation’s economy: one single number that represents the monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country’s borders in a specific period.
Only newly produced goods are counted. |
Transactions in existing goods, such as second-handed cars, are not included as these do not involve the production of new goods.
GDP measures the monetary value of final goods and services that is, those that are bought by the final user produced in a country in a given period of time |
Much of the work done by women at home taking care of the children, aged, chores etc. which is called care economy is outside the GDP. |
Solution (b)
Statement 1 |
Statement 2 |
Statement 3 |
Correct |
Correct |
Incorrect |
Gross domestic product (GDP) is the single standard indicator used across the globe to indicate the health of a nation’s economy: one single number that represents the monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country’s borders in a specific period.
Only newly produced goods are counted. |
Transactions in existing goods, such as second-handed cars, are not included as these do not involve the production of new goods.
GDP measures the monetary value of final goods and services that is, those that are bought by the final user produced in a country in a given period of time |
Much of the work done by women at home taking care of the children, aged, chores etc. which is called care economy is outside the GDP. |
Consider the following statements:
Choose the correct code:
Solution (b)
Solution (b)
He was born on 25th December 1924. He was elected 10 times to the Lok Sabha from four different States. He was twice a member of the Rajya Sabha. He was the first non-Congress Prime Minister to have finished a full term. His birthday is observed as Good Governance Day. He advocated and practiced positive nationalism. He proudly took Hindi to the United Nations first time and spoke it in the UN General Assembly. He envisaged and executed the first round of Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana which connected rural India. He conducted the nuclear test in Pokhran.
The above paragraph refers to which of the following personality?
Solution (d)
Atal Bihari Vajpayee was born on 25th December 1924. He was elected 10 times to the Lok Sabha from four different States. He was twice a member of the Rajya Sabha. He was the first non-Congress Prime Minister to have finished a full term. He was Prime Minister thrice in 1996, 1998-1999, and 1999-2004. His birthday is observed as Good Governance Day. He advocated and practiced positive nationalism. He proudly took Hindi to the United Nations first time and spoke it in the UN General Assembly. He rode a bus to Lahore for Indo-Pak peace. He envisaged and executed the first round of Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana which connected rural India. He conducted the nuclear test in Pokhran. He brought in the National Highway Development Project leading to East West North South Corridor or the Golden Quadrilateral. The New Telecom Policy of 1999 brought in by him was also a crucial part of the Indian telecom revolution. He was awarded Padma Vibhushan in 1992 and India’s highest civilian honor, Bharat Ratna in 2015. Hence option d is correct.
Solution (d)
Atal Bihari Vajpayee was born on 25th December 1924. He was elected 10 times to the Lok Sabha from four different States. He was twice a member of the Rajya Sabha. He was the first non-Congress Prime Minister to have finished a full term. He was Prime Minister thrice in 1996, 1998-1999, and 1999-2004. His birthday is observed as Good Governance Day. He advocated and practiced positive nationalism. He proudly took Hindi to the United Nations first time and spoke it in the UN General Assembly. He rode a bus to Lahore for Indo-Pak peace. He envisaged and executed the first round of Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana which connected rural India. He conducted the nuclear test in Pokhran. He brought in the National Highway Development Project leading to East West North South Corridor or the Golden Quadrilateral. The New Telecom Policy of 1999 brought in by him was also a crucial part of the Indian telecom revolution. He was awarded Padma Vibhushan in 1992 and India’s highest civilian honor, Bharat Ratna in 2015. Hence option d is correct.
Which of the following are the factors that influence the intensity of southwest monsoons in India?
Choose the correct code:
Solution (b)
The factors that influence the intensity of southwest monsoons in India:
Hence option b is correct.
Solution (b)
The factors that influence the intensity of southwest monsoons in India:
Hence option b is correct.
Consider the following statements about the Grant for Research and Entrepreneurship across Aspiring Innovators in Technical Textiles (GREAT) scheme:
Choose the correct code:
Solution (c)
Solution (c)
Consider the following statements about the State of India’s Birds Report 2023:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Solution (b)
Consider the following statements about Seethakali folk art:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (c)
Solution (c)
Consider the following statements regarding the features of Nataraja:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Nataraja is the representation of the Hindu god Shiva during his form as the cosmic dance. It is represented in metal or stone in many Shaivite temples, particularly in South India. It is an important piece of Chola sculpture.
The features of Nataraja are:
Solution (b)
Nataraja is the representation of the Hindu god Shiva during his form as the cosmic dance. It is represented in metal or stone in many Shaivite temples, particularly in South India. It is an important piece of Chola sculpture.
The features of Nataraja are:
Consider the following statements regarding the Horn of Africa:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (a)
Solution (a)
‘Chail Wildlife Sanctuary’ which was in news recently is located in?
Solution (a)
Solution (a)
The Kampala Declaration is related to?
Solution (d)
Solution (d)
A = (45% of P) – (15% of Q) and B = (25% of P) + (20% of Q). In which of the following cases is A – B positive?
Solution (b)
We will check by substituting the values for each option:
For option (a): A = (45% of P) – (15% of Q) = 0.45 × 700 – 0.15 × 400 = 255 B = (25% of P) + (20% of Q) = 0.25 × 700 + 0.20 × 400 = 255 Clearly, A = B, hence option (a) is wrong.
For option (b): A = (45% of P) – (15% of Q) = 0.45 × 700 – 0.15 × 300 = 315 – 45 = 270 B = (25% of P) + (20% of Q) = 0.25 × 700 + 0.20 × 300 = 175 + 60 = 235
For option (c): A = (45% of P) – (15% of Q) = 0.45 * 700 – 0.15 * 500 = 315 – 75 = 240
B = ( 25% of P ) + ( 20% of Q) = ( 0.25 * 700) + ( 0.2 * 500 ) = ( 175 + 100 ) = 275
A-B = -35.
Clearly, A-B > 0 Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.
Solution (b)
We will check by substituting the values for each option:
For option (a): A = (45% of P) – (15% of Q) = 0.45 × 700 – 0.15 × 400 = 255 B = (25% of P) + (20% of Q) = 0.25 × 700 + 0.20 × 400 = 255 Clearly, A = B, hence option (a) is wrong.
For option (b): A = (45% of P) – (15% of Q) = 0.45 × 700 – 0.15 × 300 = 315 – 45 = 270 B = (25% of P) + (20% of Q) = 0.25 × 700 + 0.20 × 300 = 175 + 60 = 235
For option (c): A = (45% of P) – (15% of Q) = 0.45 * 700 – 0.15 * 500 = 315 – 75 = 240
B = ( 25% of P ) + ( 20% of Q) = ( 0.25 * 700) + ( 0.2 * 500 ) = ( 175 + 100 ) = 275
A-B = -35.
Clearly, A-B > 0 Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.
A ball is dropped on the ground from a height of 1000 metre. Each time the ball bounces 4/5 times of the height of its every last bounce. Find the total distance covered by the ball before coming to rest.
Solution (d)
Distance covered in the 1st round = AP + PB = 1000 + (4/5)×1000 = 1000 + 800 = 1800 m.
Distance covered in the 2nd round = BQ + QC = 800 + (4/5)×800 = 800 + 640 = 1440 m.
Distance covered in the 3rd round = CR + RD = 640 + 4/5×640 = 640 + 512 = 1152 m and so on.
So, the total distance covered = 1800 + 1440 + 1152 + ……………….∞ terms.
This is an infinite G.P. (geometric progression) with common ratio 4/5.
So, Sum, S∞ = a/1-r ,
a = first term = 1800 and r = common ratio = 4/5.
Hence, the required distance = 1800/(1-4/5) = 1800/(1/5) = 9000 m
Solution (d)
Distance covered in the 1st round = AP + PB = 1000 + (4/5)×1000 = 1000 + 800 = 1800 m.
Distance covered in the 2nd round = BQ + QC = 800 + (4/5)×800 = 800 + 640 = 1440 m.
Distance covered in the 3rd round = CR + RD = 640 + 4/5×640 = 640 + 512 = 1152 m and so on.
So, the total distance covered = 1800 + 1440 + 1152 + ……………….∞ terms.
This is an infinite G.P. (geometric progression) with common ratio 4/5.
So, Sum, S∞ = a/1-r ,
a = first term = 1800 and r = common ratio = 4/5.
Hence, the required distance = 1800/(1-4/5) = 1800/(1/5) = 9000 m
Tina goes to her office by car. She usually reaches the office at 10:10 AM. One day she drove at 4/5th (four- fifth) of her usual speed and reached the office at 10:30 AM. What is the time taken by her to reach the office at her usual speed?
Solution (b)
New speed = 4/5 of its usual speed
So, New time taken = 5/4 of the usual time
[time = distance/speed, if distance is constant then time ∝ 1/speed ]
So, (5/4 of the usual time) – (usual time) = 20 min
➱ (5/4 -1) of the usual time = 20 min
➱ ¼ of the usual time = 20 min
➱ usual time = (4×20) min
= 80 min.
Solution (b)
New speed = 4/5 of its usual speed
So, New time taken = 5/4 of the usual time
[time = distance/speed, if distance is constant then time ∝ 1/speed ]
So, (5/4 of the usual time) – (usual time) = 20 min
➱ (5/4 -1) of the usual time = 20 min
➱ ¼ of the usual time = 20 min
➱ usual time = (4×20) min
= 80 min.
A student took five papers in an examination, where the full marks were the same for each paper. His marks in these papers were in the proportion of 4:5:6:7:8. In all papers together, the candidate obtained 60% of the total marks. Then the number of papers in which he got at least 70% marks is:
Solution (c)
Let the marks scored in five subjects be 4x, 5x, 6x, 7x and 8x (on a scale of 100).
Average score = 60% = 60 marks
So, (4x+5x+6x+7x+8x) / 5 = 60
or x = 10.
So, the marks obtained are 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80.
Hence the number of papers in which he got at least 70% marks = 2 (70 & 80).
Solution (c)
Let the marks scored in five subjects be 4x, 5x, 6x, 7x and 8x (on a scale of 100).
Average score = 60% = 60 marks
So, (4x+5x+6x+7x+8x) / 5 = 60
or x = 10.
So, the marks obtained are 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80.
Hence the number of papers in which he got at least 70% marks = 2 (70 & 80).
In an exam 12% students scored less than 30 marks, 6% students scored more than 200 marks, 22% students scored more than 100 marks, and 990 students scored between 30 and 100 marks. How many students scored between 100 and 200 marks?
Solution (b)
According to the question:
Students who scored more than 100 marks = 22%
And students who scored more than 200 = 6%
Hence, students who scored between 100 and 200 = 22 – 6 = 16%
Now, students who scored less than 30 = 12%
Students who scored between 30 and 100 = 100 – (22 + 12) = 66% = 990
So, Total number of students = 990 × (100/66) = 1500
Students who scored between 100 and 200 = 16% = (16/100) × 1500 = 240
Solution (b)
According to the question:
Students who scored more than 100 marks = 22%
And students who scored more than 200 = 6%
Hence, students who scored between 100 and 200 = 22 – 6 = 16%
Now, students who scored less than 30 = 12%
Students who scored between 30 and 100 = 100 – (22 + 12) = 66% = 990
So, Total number of students = 990 × (100/66) = 1500
Students who scored between 100 and 200 = 16% = (16/100) × 1500 = 240
All the Best
IASbaba