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The following Test is based on the syllabus of 60 Days Plan-2023 for UPSC IAS Prelims 2022.
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Consider the following statements about the Nehru Report:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Incorrect |
The very first article of the Report unequivocally claimed dominion status for India. | No separate communal electorate was provided. | On the communal question, the Report proposed reservation for Muslims in legislatures, however, these were restricted to only those constituencies where Muslims were in a minority
and Centre. Also, there was no mention of separate electorates for Muslims. No reservation was given to Muslims in legislatures where they were in the majority. |
Note:
Nehru Report:
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Incorrect |
The very first article of the Report unequivocally claimed dominion status for India. | No separate communal electorate was provided. | On the communal question, the Report proposed reservation for Muslims in legislatures, however, these were restricted to only those constituencies where Muslims were in a minority
and Centre. Also, there was no mention of separate electorates for Muslims. No reservation was given to Muslims in legislatures where they were in the majority. |
Note:
Nehru Report:
Consider the following statements regarding Ahmedabad Mill Strike:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Correct |
In March 1918, Gandhi intervened in a dispute between cotton mill owners of Ahmedabad and the workers over the issue of discontinuation of the plague bonus.
|
The mill owners wanted to withdraw the bonus. The workers were demanding a rise of 50 per cent in their
wages so that they could manage in the times of wartime inflation (which doubled the prices of food-grains, cloth, and other necessities) caused by Britain’s involvement in World War I. The mill owners were ready to give only a 20 per cent wage hike. The workers went on strike.
The relations between the workers and the mill owners worsened with the striking workers being arbitrarily dismissed and the mill owners deciding to bring in weavers from Bombay.
The workers of the mill turned to Anusuya Sarabhai for help in fighting for justice. Anusuya Sarabhai was a social worker who was also the sister of Ambalal Sarabhai, one of the mill owners and the president of the Ahmedabad Mill Owners Association (founded in 1891 to develop the textile industry in Ahmedabad), for help in fighting for justice.
Anusuya Behn went to Gandhi, who was respected by the mill owners and workers, and asked him to intervene and help resolve the impasse between the workers and the employers. Though Gandhi was a friend of Ambalal, he took up the workers’ cause. |
Anusuya too supported the workers and was one of the chief lieutenants of Gandhi’s.
(It was Anusuya Behn who went on later to form the Ahmedabad Textile Labour Association in 1920.)
Gandhi asked the workers to go on a strike and demand a 35 per cent increase in wages instead of 50 per cent. Gandhi advised the workers to remain non-violent while on strike. When negotiations with mill owners did not progress, he himself undertook a fast unto death (his first)to strengthen the workers’ resolve. But the fast also had the effect of putting pressure on the mill owners who finally agreed to submit the issue to a tribunal. The strike was withdrawn. In the end, the tribunal awarded the workers a 35 per cent wage hike.
|
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Correct |
In March 1918, Gandhi intervened in a dispute between cotton mill owners of Ahmedabad and the workers over the issue of discontinuation of the plague bonus.
|
The mill owners wanted to withdraw the bonus. The workers were demanding a rise of 50 per cent in their
wages so that they could manage in the times of wartime inflation (which doubled the prices of food-grains, cloth, and other necessities) caused by Britain’s involvement in World War I. The mill owners were ready to give only a 20 per cent wage hike. The workers went on strike.
The relations between the workers and the mill owners worsened with the striking workers being arbitrarily dismissed and the mill owners deciding to bring in weavers from Bombay.
The workers of the mill turned to Anusuya Sarabhai for help in fighting for justice. Anusuya Sarabhai was a social worker who was also the sister of Ambalal Sarabhai, one of the mill owners and the president of the Ahmedabad Mill Owners Association (founded in 1891 to develop the textile industry in Ahmedabad), for help in fighting for justice.
Anusuya Behn went to Gandhi, who was respected by the mill owners and workers, and asked him to intervene and help resolve the impasse between the workers and the employers. Though Gandhi was a friend of Ambalal, he took up the workers’ cause. |
Anusuya too supported the workers and was one of the chief lieutenants of Gandhi’s.
(It was Anusuya Behn who went on later to form the Ahmedabad Textile Labour Association in 1920.)
Gandhi asked the workers to go on a strike and demand a 35 per cent increase in wages instead of 50 per cent. Gandhi advised the workers to remain non-violent while on strike. When negotiations with mill owners did not progress, he himself undertook a fast unto death (his first)to strengthen the workers’ resolve. But the fast also had the effect of putting pressure on the mill owners who finally agreed to submit the issue to a tribunal. The strike was withdrawn. In the end, the tribunal awarded the workers a 35 per cent wage hike.
|
Consider the following statements regarding Jallianwala Bagh Massacre:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Correct |
Rabindranath Tagore renounced his knighthood in protest. | Gandhi gave up the title of Kaiser-i-Hind, bestowed by the British for his work during the Boer War. Gandhi was overwhelmed by the atmosphere of total violence and withdrew the movement on April 18,1919.
|
Udham Singh, who bore the name, Ram Mohammad Singh Azad, later assassinated Michael O’Dwyer, the Lieutenant-Governor who presided over the brutal British suppression of the 1919 protests in Punjab.
Udham Singh was hanged in 1940 for his deed. (His ashes were returned to India in 1974.) |
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (April 13, 1919):
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Correct |
Rabindranath Tagore renounced his knighthood in protest. | Gandhi gave up the title of Kaiser-i-Hind, bestowed by the British for his work during the Boer War. Gandhi was overwhelmed by the atmosphere of total violence and withdrew the movement on April 18,1919.
|
Udham Singh, who bore the name, Ram Mohammad Singh Azad, later assassinated Michael O’Dwyer, the Lieutenant-Governor who presided over the brutal British suppression of the 1919 protests in Punjab.
Udham Singh was hanged in 1940 for his deed. (His ashes were returned to India in 1974.) |
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (April 13, 1919):
In which of the following Satyagraha campaigns, Gandhiji did not participate directly?
Solution (a)
Rajkot Satyagraha:
Solution (a)
Rajkot Satyagraha:
Consider the following statements with reference to the policy of the Indian National Congress towards the Indian states that had been enunciated in 1920 at Nagpur session?
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Solution (a)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
Correct | Incorrect |
The policy of the Indian National Congress towards the Indian states had been first enunciated in 1920 at Nagpur when a resolution calling upon the Princes to grant full responsible government in their States had been passed. | Simultaneously, however, the Congress, while allowing residents of the States to become members of the Congress, made it clear that they could not initiate political activity in the States in the name of Congress but only in their individual capacity or as members of the local political organizations. |
Solution (a)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
Correct | Incorrect |
The policy of the Indian National Congress towards the Indian states had been first enunciated in 1920 at Nagpur when a resolution calling upon the Princes to grant full responsible government in their States had been passed. | Simultaneously, however, the Congress, while allowing residents of the States to become members of the Congress, made it clear that they could not initiate political activity in the States in the name of Congress but only in their individual capacity or as members of the local political organizations. |
Consider the following statements with reference to Home rule league movements:
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
Incorrect | Correct |
The Indian Home Rule Leagues were organized on the lines of the Irish Home Rule Leagues and they represented the emergence of a new trend of aggressive politics.
Annie Besant and Tilak were the pioneers of this new trend. Movement was not a mass movement. It was restricted to educated people and college students. The leagues did not find a lot of support among Muslims, Anglo-Indians and non-Brahmins from Southern India as they thought home rule would mean a rule of the upper caste Hindu majority. |
A section of nationalists felt that popular pressure was required to attain concessions from the Government
The Moderates were disillusioned with the Morley Minto reforms. People were feeling the burden of wartime miseries caused by high taxation and a rise in prices, and were ready to participate in any aggressive movement of protest.
|
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
Incorrect | Correct |
The Indian Home Rule Leagues were organized on the lines of the Irish Home Rule Leagues and they represented the emergence of a new trend of aggressive politics.
Annie Besant and Tilak were the pioneers of this new trend. Movement was not a mass movement. It was restricted to educated people and college students. The leagues did not find a lot of support among Muslims, Anglo-Indians and non-Brahmins from Southern India as they thought home rule would mean a rule of the upper caste Hindu majority. |
A section of nationalists felt that popular pressure was required to attain concessions from the Government
The Moderates were disillusioned with the Morley Minto reforms. People were feeling the burden of wartime miseries caused by high taxation and a rise in prices, and were ready to participate in any aggressive movement of protest.
|
Consider the following pairs:
Congress Session | Respective President |
1. 1905
Banaras Session |
Rash Behari Ghosh
|
2. 1917
Calcutta Session |
Motilal Nehru
|
3. 1927
Madras Session |
M A Ansari |
How many of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
Solution (a)
|
|
|
Incorrect | Incorrect | Correct |
1905 – Banaras Session:
Gopal Krishna Gokhale Expressed resentment against the Bengal partition boycott of foreign goods. Promotion of swadeshi-goods and Indian industries- Public meetings and processions. Corps of Volunteers or ‘Samitis’- Swadesh Bandhab Samiti of Ashwini Kumar Dutta. Use of Traditional Popular Festivals and Melas-Ganpati festival, traditional folk theater. Nationalist song- Amar Sonar Bangla, Sudesha Geetham-Subramania Bharati National Education in vernacular medium. Bengal National College, National Council of Education. |
1917 – Calcutta Session:
Annie Besant First woman to preside at the Congress session. |
1927 – Madras Session:
M A Ansari Resolution against using Indian troops in Mesopotamia, Iran, and China Resolution passed to boycott Simon commission. Adopted resolution for Purna Swaraj.
|
Solution (a)
|
|
|
Incorrect | Incorrect | Correct |
1905 – Banaras Session:
Gopal Krishna Gokhale Expressed resentment against the Bengal partition boycott of foreign goods. Promotion of swadeshi-goods and Indian industries- Public meetings and processions. Corps of Volunteers or ‘Samitis’- Swadesh Bandhab Samiti of Ashwini Kumar Dutta. Use of Traditional Popular Festivals and Melas-Ganpati festival, traditional folk theater. Nationalist song- Amar Sonar Bangla, Sudesha Geetham-Subramania Bharati National Education in vernacular medium. Bengal National College, National Council of Education. |
1917 – Calcutta Session:
Annie Besant First woman to preside at the Congress session. |
1927 – Madras Session:
M A Ansari Resolution against using Indian troops in Mesopotamia, Iran, and China Resolution passed to boycott Simon commission. Adopted resolution for Purna Swaraj.
|
Who among the following supported the cause of Purna Swaraj at the Lahore Session of 1929?
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Solution (a)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Correct | Correct | Correct | Incorrect |
Jawaharlal Nehru | Subhas Chandra Bose | Satyamurthi | Mahatma Gandhi |
Note:
Solution (a)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Correct | Correct | Correct | Incorrect |
Jawaharlal Nehru | Subhas Chandra Bose | Satyamurthi | Mahatma Gandhi |
Note:
Where did Gandhi call the Congress Working Committee to announce the suspension of the Non-Cooperation movement?
Solution (a)
Solution (a)
Consider the following statements related to Rowlatt Act:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Incorrect | Correct | Correct |
The Rowlatt Act authorized the government to imprison people without trial suspected of terrorism. | Three Indian members – Madan Mohan Malviya, Mohammad Ali Jinnah and Mazharul Haque resigned from the council in protest.
It also authorized the government to detain such people arrested for up to 2 years without trial. It empowered the police to search a place without a warrant. It also placed severe restrictions on the freedom of the press. |
The act was passed as per recommendations of the Rowlatt Committee chaired by a judge, Sir Sidney Rowlatt.
It aroused a wave of popular indignation and led to the massacre at Jallianwala Bagh. |
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Incorrect | Correct | Correct |
The Rowlatt Act authorized the government to imprison people without trial suspected of terrorism. | Three Indian members – Madan Mohan Malviya, Mohammad Ali Jinnah and Mazharul Haque resigned from the council in protest.
It also authorized the government to detain such people arrested for up to 2 years without trial. It empowered the police to search a place without a warrant. It also placed severe restrictions on the freedom of the press. |
The act was passed as per recommendations of the Rowlatt Committee chaired by a judge, Sir Sidney Rowlatt.
It aroused a wave of popular indignation and led to the massacre at Jallianwala Bagh. |
Consider the following statements regarding Champaran satyagraha:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Incorrect | Correct |
Gandhi was requested by Rajkumar Shukla, a local man, to look into the problems of the farmers in the context of indigo planters of Champaran in Bihar.
The European planters had been forcing the peasants to grow indigo on 3/20 part of the total land (called tinkathia system).
|
Champaran satyagraha was Gandhiji’s first Civil disobedience while Kheda satyagraha was his first Non-cooperation Movement. | The government appointed a committee to go into the matter and nominated Gandhi as a member. Gandhi
was able to convince the authorities that the tinkathia system should be abolished and that the peasants should be compensated for the illegal dues extracted from them. As a compromise with the planters, he agreed that only 25 per cent of the money taken should be compensated. |
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Incorrect | Correct |
Gandhi was requested by Rajkumar Shukla, a local man, to look into the problems of the farmers in the context of indigo planters of Champaran in Bihar.
The European planters had been forcing the peasants to grow indigo on 3/20 part of the total land (called tinkathia system).
|
Champaran satyagraha was Gandhiji’s first Civil disobedience while Kheda satyagraha was his first Non-cooperation Movement. | The government appointed a committee to go into the matter and nominated Gandhi as a member. Gandhi
was able to convince the authorities that the tinkathia system should be abolished and that the peasants should be compensated for the illegal dues extracted from them. As a compromise with the planters, he agreed that only 25 per cent of the money taken should be compensated. |
Which of the following gave rise to the Extremism during the 1920s?
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (d)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Correct | Correct | Correct | Correct |
The sudden withdrawal of the Non- Cooperation Movement, however, left many of them disillusioned; they began to question the basic strategy of nationalist leadership and its emphasis on non-violence and began to look for alternatives.
But since these younger nationalists were not attracted to the parliamentary work of the Swarajists or to the patient, undramatic, constructive work of the No-changers, they were drawn to the idea that violent methods alone would free India. Thus, revolutionary activity was revived. |
Newly sprouting communist groups with their emphasis on Marxism, socialism and the proletariat.
Journals publishing memoirs and articles extolling the self-sacrifice of revolutionaries, such as Atmasakti, Sarathi and Bijoli. Novels and books such as Bandi Jiwan by Sachin Sanyal and Pather Dabi by Sharatchandra Chatterjee(government ban only enhanced its popularity). |
But since these younger nationalists were not attracted to the parliamentary work of the Swarajists or to the patient, undramatic, constructive work of the No-changers, they were drawn to the idea that violent methods alone would free India.
Thus, revolutionary activity was revived. |
Russian Revolution (1917) and the success of the young Soviet state in consolidating itself inspired Indians to agitate for the freedom from the colonial masters just like Russians who had revolted against the monarchy. |
Solution (d)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Correct | Correct | Correct | Correct |
The sudden withdrawal of the Non- Cooperation Movement, however, left many of them disillusioned; they began to question the basic strategy of nationalist leadership and its emphasis on non-violence and began to look for alternatives.
But since these younger nationalists were not attracted to the parliamentary work of the Swarajists or to the patient, undramatic, constructive work of the No-changers, they were drawn to the idea that violent methods alone would free India. Thus, revolutionary activity was revived. |
Newly sprouting communist groups with their emphasis on Marxism, socialism and the proletariat.
Journals publishing memoirs and articles extolling the self-sacrifice of revolutionaries, such as Atmasakti, Sarathi and Bijoli. Novels and books such as Bandi Jiwan by Sachin Sanyal and Pather Dabi by Sharatchandra Chatterjee(government ban only enhanced its popularity). |
But since these younger nationalists were not attracted to the parliamentary work of the Swarajists or to the patient, undramatic, constructive work of the No-changers, they were drawn to the idea that violent methods alone would free India.
Thus, revolutionary activity was revived. |
Russian Revolution (1917) and the success of the young Soviet state in consolidating itself inspired Indians to agitate for the freedom from the colonial masters just like Russians who had revolted against the monarchy. |
Consider the following statements regarding Simon Commission:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Incorrect | Correct |
The Simon Commission published a two-volume report in May 1930. It proposed the abolition of dyarchy and the establishment of representative government in the provinces which should be given autonomy. It said that the governor should have discretionary power in relation to internal security and administrative powers to protect the different communities. The number of members of the provincial legislative council should be increased. | The report rejected parliamentary responsibility at the center. Further it was not in favour of universal franchise.
|
It also recommended that separate communal electorates be retained (and extended such electorates
to other communities) but only until tensions between Hindus and Muslims had died down. It accepted the idea of federalism but not in the near future; it suggested that a Consultative Council of Greater India should be established which should include representatives of both the British provinces as well as princely states. |
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Incorrect | Correct |
The Simon Commission published a two-volume report in May 1930. It proposed the abolition of dyarchy and the establishment of representative government in the provinces which should be given autonomy. It said that the governor should have discretionary power in relation to internal security and administrative powers to protect the different communities. The number of members of the provincial legislative council should be increased. | The report rejected parliamentary responsibility at the center. Further it was not in favour of universal franchise.
|
It also recommended that separate communal electorates be retained (and extended such electorates
to other communities) but only until tensions between Hindus and Muslims had died down. It accepted the idea of federalism but not in the near future; it suggested that a Consultative Council of Greater India should be established which should include representatives of both the British provinces as well as princely states. |
Which of the following events occurred during the second phase of the Civil Disobedience Movement?
How many of the above given statements is/are incorrect?
Solution (d)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Correct |
The movement spread to different parts of the country and witnessed various memorable events.
Under the leadership of Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, popularly known as “the Frontier Gandhi”, the Pathans organized the society of Khudai Khidmatgars (or Servants of God), known popularly as Red Shirts. |
Nagaland produced a brave heroine i.e. Rani Gaidinliu who at the age of 13 responded to the call of Gandhiji and Congress and raised the banner of rebellion against foreign rule. | Another noteworthy incident of this phase was the refusal to open fire by platoons of Garhwali Soldiers on a mass demonstration in Peshawar.
|
Solution (d)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Correct |
The movement spread to different parts of the country and witnessed various memorable events.
Under the leadership of Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, popularly known as “the Frontier Gandhi”, the Pathans organized the society of Khudai Khidmatgars (or Servants of God), known popularly as Red Shirts. |
Nagaland produced a brave heroine i.e. Rani Gaidinliu who at the age of 13 responded to the call of Gandhiji and Congress and raised the banner of rebellion against foreign rule. | Another noteworthy incident of this phase was the refusal to open fire by platoons of Garhwali Soldiers on a mass demonstration in Peshawar.
|
Consider the following statements regarding Hindustan Republican Association:
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
Correct | Correct |
The political vacuum created by the suspension of the Chauri Chaura incident led to the formation of revolutionary movements by the more radical amongst those who sought to overthrow British rule.
Kakori Robbery: Before armed struggle could be waged, propaganda had to be organized on a large scale, men had to be recruited and trained and arms had to be procured. All these required money. The most important ‘action’ of the HRA was the Kakori Robbery. On 9 August 1925, ten men held up the 8-Down train at Kakori, an obscure village near Lucknow, and looted its official railway cash. Outcome of Kakori Robbery: The Government reaction was quick and hard. It arrested a large number of young men and tried them in the Kakori Conspiracy Case. Ashfaqulla Khan, Ramprasad Bismil, Ràshan Singh and Rajendra Lahiri were hanged (December 1927), four others were sent to the Andamans for life and seventeen others were sentenced to long terms of imprisonment. Azad was the only one of the principal leaders who managed to escape arrest. |
The revolutionaries in northern India were the first to emerge out of the mood of frustration and reorganize under the leadership of the old veterans, Ramprasad Bismil, Jogesh Chatterjea and Sachindranath Sanyal whose ‘Bandi Jiwan’ served as a textbook to the revolutionary movement.
They met in Kanpur in October 1924 and founded the Hindustan Republican Association (or Army) to organize armed revolution to overthrow colonial rule and establish in its place a Federal Republic of the United States of India whose basic principle would be adult franchise. The policies of Gandhi were criticized and youths were called to join the organization. The HRA established branches in Agra, Allahabad, Benares, Cawnpore, Lucknow, Saharanpur, and Shahjahanpur. They also manufactured bombs in Calcutta – at Dakshineswar and Shovabazar – and at Deoghar in Jharkhand. Sanyal wrote a manifesto for the HRA entitled ‘Revolutionary’. This was distributed around large cities of North India on 31 December 1924. |
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
Correct | Correct |
The political vacuum created by the suspension of the Chauri Chaura incident led to the formation of revolutionary movements by the more radical amongst those who sought to overthrow British rule.
Kakori Robbery: Before armed struggle could be waged, propaganda had to be organized on a large scale, men had to be recruited and trained and arms had to be procured. All these required money. The most important ‘action’ of the HRA was the Kakori Robbery. On 9 August 1925, ten men held up the 8-Down train at Kakori, an obscure village near Lucknow, and looted its official railway cash. Outcome of Kakori Robbery: The Government reaction was quick and hard. It arrested a large number of young men and tried them in the Kakori Conspiracy Case. Ashfaqulla Khan, Ramprasad Bismil, Ràshan Singh and Rajendra Lahiri were hanged (December 1927), four others were sent to the Andamans for life and seventeen others were sentenced to long terms of imprisonment. Azad was the only one of the principal leaders who managed to escape arrest. |
The revolutionaries in northern India were the first to emerge out of the mood of frustration and reorganize under the leadership of the old veterans, Ramprasad Bismil, Jogesh Chatterjea and Sachindranath Sanyal whose ‘Bandi Jiwan’ served as a textbook to the revolutionary movement.
They met in Kanpur in October 1924 and founded the Hindustan Republican Association (or Army) to organize armed revolution to overthrow colonial rule and establish in its place a Federal Republic of the United States of India whose basic principle would be adult franchise. The policies of Gandhi were criticized and youths were called to join the organization. The HRA established branches in Agra, Allahabad, Benares, Cawnpore, Lucknow, Saharanpur, and Shahjahanpur. They also manufactured bombs in Calcutta – at Dakshineswar and Shovabazar – and at Deoghar in Jharkhand. Sanyal wrote a manifesto for the HRA entitled ‘Revolutionary’. This was distributed around large cities of North India on 31 December 1924. |
Arrange the following events into the chronological order:
Select the correct option from the code given below:
Solution (a)
2. | 4. |
|
3. |
Civil Disobedience movement (1930) | Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931)
|
Communal Award (1932) | Formation of All India Kisan Sabha (1936) |
Civil Disobedience movement- 1930
The Civil Disobedience Movement began with Gandhi’s well-known Dandi March. Gandhi set out on foot from the Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad on March 12, 1930, with 78 other Ashram members for Dandi, a village on India’s western seacoast about 385 kilometers from Ahmedabad. On April 6, 1930, they arrived in Dandi. |
The rejection of demands put forward by Mahatma Gandhi in the Delhi Manifesto led to the Lahore Congress session. Later, under the civil disobedience movement, Gandhi put forward 11 demands and gave an ultimatum of January 31, 1930, to accept or reject. In July 1930 the viceroy, Lord Irwin, suggested a round table conference and reiterated the goal of dominion status.
The CWC authorized Gandhi to initiate discussions with the viceroy Lord Irwin. Later a pact was signed in Delhi, which came to be known as Delhi-Pact or Gandhi-Irwin Pact. |
TheCommunal Award (also known as MacDonald Award) was created by the British prime minister Ramsay MacDonald on 16 August 1932; and was announced after the Round Table Conference (1930–32)
This was Britain’s unilateral attempt to resolve the various conflicts among India’s many communal interests The Communal Award, based on the findings of the Indian Franchise Committee (also called the Lothian Committee), established separate electorates and reserved seats for minorities, including the depressed classes which were granted seventy-eight reserved seats |
Formation of All India Kisan Sabha- 1936
The All India Kisan Sabha was formed in 1936 at Lucknow. All India Kisan Sabha is also known as ‘Akhil Bhartiya Kisan Sabha.’ Swami Sahajanand Saraswati was the head of the Sabha. The secretary of this association was NG Ranga. The motives of the All India Kisan Sabha were: To abolish the Zamindari system; To reduce land revenue; To institutionalize credit. |
Solution (a)
2. | 4. |
|
3. |
Civil Disobedience movement (1930) | Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931)
|
Communal Award (1932) | Formation of All India Kisan Sabha (1936) |
Civil Disobedience movement- 1930
The Civil Disobedience Movement began with Gandhi’s well-known Dandi March. Gandhi set out on foot from the Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad on March 12, 1930, with 78 other Ashram members for Dandi, a village on India’s western seacoast about 385 kilometers from Ahmedabad. On April 6, 1930, they arrived in Dandi. |
The rejection of demands put forward by Mahatma Gandhi in the Delhi Manifesto led to the Lahore Congress session. Later, under the civil disobedience movement, Gandhi put forward 11 demands and gave an ultimatum of January 31, 1930, to accept or reject. In July 1930 the viceroy, Lord Irwin, suggested a round table conference and reiterated the goal of dominion status.
The CWC authorized Gandhi to initiate discussions with the viceroy Lord Irwin. Later a pact was signed in Delhi, which came to be known as Delhi-Pact or Gandhi-Irwin Pact. |
TheCommunal Award (also known as MacDonald Award) was created by the British prime minister Ramsay MacDonald on 16 August 1932; and was announced after the Round Table Conference (1930–32)
This was Britain’s unilateral attempt to resolve the various conflicts among India’s many communal interests The Communal Award, based on the findings of the Indian Franchise Committee (also called the Lothian Committee), established separate electorates and reserved seats for minorities, including the depressed classes which were granted seventy-eight reserved seats |
Formation of All India Kisan Sabha- 1936
The All India Kisan Sabha was formed in 1936 at Lucknow. All India Kisan Sabha is also known as ‘Akhil Bhartiya Kisan Sabha.’ Swami Sahajanand Saraswati was the head of the Sabha. The secretary of this association was NG Ranga. The motives of the All India Kisan Sabha were: To abolish the Zamindari system; To reduce land revenue; To institutionalize credit. |
Which of the following provisions was/were provided by the Poona Pact?
How many of the above given statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Incorrect | Correct | Correct |
Gandhiji was not averse to the idea of reserved seats, and Ambedkar too ultimately agreed to reservation instead of a separate electorate. | The proposed number of such reserved seats for the depressed classes was increased. | A two-tier election system was recommended to ensure proper representation of such classes. |
Note:
Poona Pact:
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Incorrect | Correct | Correct |
Gandhiji was not averse to the idea of reserved seats, and Ambedkar too ultimately agreed to reservation instead of a separate electorate. | The proposed number of such reserved seats for the depressed classes was increased. | A two-tier election system was recommended to ensure proper representation of such classes. |
Note:
Poona Pact:
Consider the following statements about Gandhi-Irwin pact:
How many of the above given statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Incorrect |
Gandhiji and his followers had initiated the salt march between March and April in 1930.
The event drew widespread publicity all over the world and brought all eyes on India and Gandhi. Gandhi and the non-violent fight of Indians against unfair British imperialism brought sympathy for Indians and showed the British in a negative light. Irwin wanted this and the Satyagraha to come to an end. So, he ordered the unconditional release of Gandhi and agreed to meet viceroy. |
It was agreed that the British would remove tax on salt, which allowed Indians to produce, trade and sell salt legally and for their own use.
|
Congress agreed to join the first RTC to chalk out constitutional reforms. The British also withdrew curbs on the activities of the INC.
They also agreed to withdraw trials relating to several offenses except those involving violence.
|
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Incorrect |
Gandhiji and his followers had initiated the salt march between March and April in 1930.
The event drew widespread publicity all over the world and brought all eyes on India and Gandhi. Gandhi and the non-violent fight of Indians against unfair British imperialism brought sympathy for Indians and showed the British in a negative light. Irwin wanted this and the Satyagraha to come to an end. So, he ordered the unconditional release of Gandhi and agreed to meet viceroy. |
It was agreed that the British would remove tax on salt, which allowed Indians to produce, trade and sell salt legally and for their own use.
|
Congress agreed to join the first RTC to chalk out constitutional reforms. The British also withdrew curbs on the activities of the INC.
They also agreed to withdraw trials relating to several offenses except those involving violence.
|
Which of the following were part of the 11 point demands of Gandhiji before the launch of the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM)?
How many of the given statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Incorrect | Correct | Incorrect | Correct |
There was no demand for the abolition of the separate electorate. | Change Arms Act allowing popular control of the issue of firearms license to the common citizen for self-protection. At that time, Indians were subject to the highly restrictive terms of the Indian Arms Act, 1878. This Act was one of many oppressive, imperialist laws that Gandhiji and many other Indian leaders sought to get independence from. | Reduce (not abolition) land revenue by 50 per cent. | Release of all political prisoners. |
Note:
To carry forward the mandate given by the Lahore Congress, Gandhi presented eleven demands to the Government & gave an ultimatum of January 31, 1930, to accept or reject these demands. The 11 points were inclusive in nature and tried to cover all sections like traders, women, peasants. Major demands were:
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Incorrect | Correct | Incorrect | Correct |
There was no demand for the abolition of the separate electorate. | Change Arms Act allowing popular control of the issue of firearms license to the common citizen for self-protection. At that time, Indians were subject to the highly restrictive terms of the Indian Arms Act, 1878. This Act was one of many oppressive, imperialist laws that Gandhiji and many other Indian leaders sought to get independence from. | Reduce (not abolition) land revenue by 50 per cent. | Release of all political prisoners. |
Note:
To carry forward the mandate given by the Lahore Congress, Gandhi presented eleven demands to the Government & gave an ultimatum of January 31, 1930, to accept or reject these demands. The 11 points were inclusive in nature and tried to cover all sections like traders, women, peasants. Major demands were:
Consider the following statements:
How many of the above given statements are correct?
Solution (a)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Incorrect | Correct | Incorrect |
Annie Besant presided over the 1917 session in Calcutta and became the first woman president of INC. | Nellie Sengupta was elected president of the Indian National Congress at its 48th annual session at Calcutta in 1933.
Nellie Sengupta was an Englishwoman who fought for Indian Independence. She was the first woman Alderman for Calcutta and was elected president of the Indian National Congress at its 48th annual session at Calcutta in 1933. |
Sarojini Naidu presided over the 1925 session in Kanpur.
She was a proponent of civil rights, women’s emancipation, and anti-imperialistic ideas, she was an important person in India’s struggle for independence from colonial rule. |
Solution (a)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Incorrect | Correct | Incorrect |
Annie Besant presided over the 1917 session in Calcutta and became the first woman president of INC. | Nellie Sengupta was elected president of the Indian National Congress at its 48th annual session at Calcutta in 1933.
Nellie Sengupta was an Englishwoman who fought for Indian Independence. She was the first woman Alderman for Calcutta and was elected president of the Indian National Congress at its 48th annual session at Calcutta in 1933. |
Sarojini Naidu presided over the 1925 session in Kanpur.
She was a proponent of civil rights, women’s emancipation, and anti-imperialistic ideas, she was an important person in India’s struggle for independence from colonial rule. |
Consider the following statements:
Choose the correct code:
Solution (b)
Solution (b)
The Global Biofuel Alliance (GBA) is backed by which of the following countries?
Solution (c)
The Global Biofuel Alliance (GBA) is backed by Brazil, India, and the USA. It aims to facilitate cooperation and intensify the use of sustainable biofuels, including in the transportation sector. It will place emphasis on strengthening markets, facilitating global biofuels trade, developing concrete policy lesson-sharing, and providing technical support for national biofuels programs worldwide. Hence option c is correct.
Solution (c)
The Global Biofuel Alliance (GBA) is backed by Brazil, India, and the USA. It aims to facilitate cooperation and intensify the use of sustainable biofuels, including in the transportation sector. It will place emphasis on strengthening markets, facilitating global biofuels trade, developing concrete policy lesson-sharing, and providing technical support for national biofuels programs worldwide. Hence option c is correct.
HII-A rocket to explore the origins of the universe is launched by:
Solution (d)
HII-A rocket to explore the origins of the universe is launched by Japan. The rocket put a satellite called X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission, or XRISM, into orbit around Earth. It will measure the speed and makeup of what lies between galaxies. This information will help in studying how celestial objects were formed. It can also lead to solving the mystery of how the universe was created. Hence option d is correct.
Solution (d)
HII-A rocket to explore the origins of the universe is launched by Japan. The rocket put a satellite called X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission, or XRISM, into orbit around Earth. It will measure the speed and makeup of what lies between galaxies. This information will help in studying how celestial objects were formed. It can also lead to solving the mystery of how the universe was created. Hence option d is correct.
Consider the following statements regarding the Konark Sun Temple:
Choose the correct code:
Solution (c)
Solution (c)
Amitava Roy Committee formed by the Supreme Court of India is related to:
Solution (b)
Amitava Roy Committee formed by the Supreme Court of India in 2018 is related to Prison Reforms. Its objective is to examine the various problems plaguing prisons in the country, from overcrowding to lack of legal advice to convicts to issues of remission and parole. Hence option b is correct.
Solution (b)
Amitava Roy Committee formed by the Supreme Court of India in 2018 is related to Prison Reforms. Its objective is to examine the various problems plaguing prisons in the country, from overcrowding to lack of legal advice to convicts to issues of remission and parole. Hence option b is correct.
Recently, a white sambar was photographed in the Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary which was constituted in 1989 under the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972. It is located in which state of India?
Solution (c)
Recently, a white sambar was photographed in the Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary which was constituted in 1989 under the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972. It is located in Karnataka. It consists of reserve forests in Chamarajnagar, Ramanagar, and Mandya Districts of Karnataka State. It has dry deciduous forests, scrublands, grasslands, and riverine ecosystems. Hence option c is correct.
Solution (c)
Recently, a white sambar was photographed in the Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary which was constituted in 1989 under the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972. It is located in Karnataka. It consists of reserve forests in Chamarajnagar, Ramanagar, and Mandya Districts of Karnataka State. It has dry deciduous forests, scrublands, grasslands, and riverine ecosystems. Hence option c is correct.
Basket Sneaking, False Urgency, Subscription Trap, and Nagging are the terms related to which of the following?
Solution (d)
Solution (d)
Consider the following statements regarding the Incremental cash reserve ratio (I-CRR):
Choose the correct code:
Solution (c)
Solution (c)
Consider the following statements regarding Hallmarking:
Choose the correct code:
Solution (c)
Solution (c)
Consider the following statements regarding ‘Bharat: The Mother of Democracy’ Portal:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (c)
Solution (c)
A housewife has collected coins worth 50 paise, Re.1 and Rs. 2 in the ratio of 2:3:4 in her Piggy Bank. If she counts the total value of the coins it is worth Rs.240. Find the total number of coins she has in her Piggy Bank?
Solution (c)
Let the number of coins of 50 paise, Re.1 and Rs. 2 coins are 2x, 3x and 4x respectively.
Value of 50 paise coins – Rs x
Value of Re. 1 coins = Rs. 3x
Value of Rs. 2 coins = Rs. 8x
Therefore, x + 3x + 8x = 240x = 240/12 = 20
Hence total number of coins = 2x + 3x + 4x = 9x
= 9 * 20 = 180 coins
Solution (c)
Let the number of coins of 50 paise, Re.1 and Rs. 2 coins are 2x, 3x and 4x respectively.
Value of 50 paise coins – Rs x
Value of Re. 1 coins = Rs. 3x
Value of Rs. 2 coins = Rs. 8x
Therefore, x + 3x + 8x = 240x = 240/12 = 20
Hence total number of coins = 2x + 3x + 4x = 9x
= 9 * 20 = 180 coins
Four persons fire bullets at a target at an interval of 7, 8, 9 and 11 seconds respectively. The number of times they would fire the bullets together at the target in 297 minutes is
Solution (d)
Finding LCM of 7, 8, 9, 11 we get 5544 seconds.
It means after every 5544 seconds they all fire bullets together.
So in 297 minutes they will fire 60×297/5544 = 3.21
so total fires= 3+1(1st fire) =4 fires.
Solution (d)
Finding LCM of 7, 8, 9, 11 we get 5544 seconds.
It means after every 5544 seconds they all fire bullets together.
So in 297 minutes they will fire 60×297/5544 = 3.21
so total fires= 3+1(1st fire) =4 fires.
A certain number when divided by 247 leaves a remainder 17, another number when divided by 361 leaves a remainder 52. What is the remainder when the sum of these two numbers is divided by 19?
Solution (c)
N1 = 247x + 17 and N2 = 361y + 52
N1 + N2 = (19 × 13 × x + 17) + (19 ×19 × y + 52)
Remainder when N1 + N2 is divided by 19,
= 17+52/19
= 12
Solution (c)
N1 = 247x + 17 and N2 = 361y + 52
N1 + N2 = (19 × 13 × x + 17) + (19 ×19 × y + 52)
Remainder when N1 + N2 is divided by 19,
= 17+52/19
= 12
A student is to answer 10 out of 13 questions in an examination such that he must choose at least 4 from the first five questions. The number of choices available to him is
Solution (b)
There are two cases
Case 1: When 4 is selected from the first 5 and rest 6 from remaining 8
Total arrangement = 5C4 × 8C6
= 5C1 × 8C2
= 5 × (8×7)/(2×1)
= 5 × 4 × 7
= 140
Case 2: When all 5 is selected from the first 5 and rest 5 from remaining 8
Total arrangement = 5C5 × 8C5
= 1 × 8C3
= (8×7×6)/(3×2×1)
= 8×7
= 56
Now, total number of choices available = 140 + 56 = 196
Solution (b)
There are two cases
Case 1: When 4 is selected from the first 5 and rest 6 from remaining 8
Total arrangement = 5C4 × 8C6
= 5C1 × 8C2
= 5 × (8×7)/(2×1)
= 5 × 4 × 7
= 140
Case 2: When all 5 is selected from the first 5 and rest 5 from remaining 8
Total arrangement = 5C5 × 8C5
= 1 × 8C3
= (8×7×6)/(3×2×1)
= 8×7
= 56
Now, total number of choices available = 140 + 56 = 196
9 boys and 12 girls perform a task in 15 days. The same task is performed by 39 boys and 72 girls in 3 days. Then what will be the time taken by 20 boys and 5 girls in performing the same task?
Solution (d)
Let 1 boy’s 1 day’s work = x (i.e. efficiency of 1 boy = ‘x’ units/day) and
1 girl’s 1 day’s work = y (i.e. efficiency of 1 girl = ‘y’ units/day).
Then, 9x + 12y = 1/15 ………………І
(9 boys’ & 12 girls’ 1 day’s work)
39x + 72y = 1/3 ………….…ІІ
(39 boys’ & 72 girls’ 1 day’s work).
Multiplying equation І by 6 and then subtracting equation ІІ from it, we get,
x = 1/225.
Putting the value of x in either equation І or equation ІІ will yield
y = 1/450.
So, 20 boys’ and 5 girls’ 1 day’s work
= 20/225 + 5/450
= 1/10.
Since 1/10 part is performed in 1 day.
So, 1 part is performed in 1/(1/10) day,i.e. 10 days.
Solution (d)
Let 1 boy’s 1 day’s work = x (i.e. efficiency of 1 boy = ‘x’ units/day) and
1 girl’s 1 day’s work = y (i.e. efficiency of 1 girl = ‘y’ units/day).
Then, 9x + 12y = 1/15 ………………І
(9 boys’ & 12 girls’ 1 day’s work)
39x + 72y = 1/3 ………….…ІІ
(39 boys’ & 72 girls’ 1 day’s work).
Multiplying equation І by 6 and then subtracting equation ІІ from it, we get,
x = 1/225.
Putting the value of x in either equation І or equation ІІ will yield
y = 1/450.
So, 20 boys’ and 5 girls’ 1 day’s work
= 20/225 + 5/450
= 1/10.
Since 1/10 part is performed in 1 day.
So, 1 part is performed in 1/(1/10) day,i.e. 10 days.
All the Best
IASbaba