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The following Test is based on the syllabus of 60 Days Plan-2023 for UPSC IAS Prelims 2022.
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Consider the following statements
Choose the correct code:
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
Correct | Correct |
El Nino is a climate pattern that describes the unusual warming of surface waters in the tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean.
It impacts ocean temperatures, the speed and strength of ocean currents, the health of coastal fisheries, and local weather from Australia to South America and beyond. |
La Nina is a climate pattern that describes the unusual cooling of surface waters in the tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean.
It represent periods of below-average sea surface temperatures across the east-central Equatorial Pacific. |
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
Correct | Correct |
El Nino is a climate pattern that describes the unusual warming of surface waters in the tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean.
It impacts ocean temperatures, the speed and strength of ocean currents, the health of coastal fisheries, and local weather from Australia to South America and beyond. |
La Nina is a climate pattern that describes the unusual cooling of surface waters in the tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean.
It represent periods of below-average sea surface temperatures across the east-central Equatorial Pacific. |
Consider the following statements about the Brahmaputra river
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Incorrect | Correct | Correct |
The Brahmaputra basin in India includes the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, West Bengal, Meghalaya, Nagaland, and Sikkim.
It is shared by the countries – China (50.5%), India (33.6%), Bangladesh (8.1%), and Bhutan (7.8 percent ). |
The source of the Brahmaputra River is in South-West Tibet, known as the Yarlung Tsangpo River as it flows from the crest/ summit. The river flows through South Tibet, through huge canyons in the Himalayan mountain ranges and enter India through Arunachal Pradesh as Dihang.
Tributaries – Subansiri, Ronganadi, Dikrong, Buroi, Borgong, Jiabharali, Puthimari, Manas, Beki, Aie, Sonkosh, Noadehing, Buridehing, Desang, Dikhow, Bhogdoi, Dhansiri (South), Kopilli, Kulsi, Krishnai, Dhdhnoi and Jinjiran. |
The biggest inhabited riverine island in the world, Majuli is located on this river. It is India’s first island district. It is the nerve centre of Neo-Vaishnavite culture. |
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Incorrect | Correct | Correct |
The Brahmaputra basin in India includes the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, West Bengal, Meghalaya, Nagaland, and Sikkim.
It is shared by the countries – China (50.5%), India (33.6%), Bangladesh (8.1%), and Bhutan (7.8 percent ). |
The source of the Brahmaputra River is in South-West Tibet, known as the Yarlung Tsangpo River as it flows from the crest/ summit. The river flows through South Tibet, through huge canyons in the Himalayan mountain ranges and enter India through Arunachal Pradesh as Dihang.
Tributaries – Subansiri, Ronganadi, Dikrong, Buroi, Borgong, Jiabharali, Puthimari, Manas, Beki, Aie, Sonkosh, Noadehing, Buridehing, Desang, Dikhow, Bhogdoi, Dhansiri (South), Kopilli, Kulsi, Krishnai, Dhdhnoi and Jinjiran. |
The biggest inhabited riverine island in the world, Majuli is located on this river. It is India’s first island district. It is the nerve centre of Neo-Vaishnavite culture. |
Consider the following statements about Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (a)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Incorrect | Incorrect |
Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) occurs because of temperature difference in the equatorial region of Indian Ocean from April to May. | The positive phase of IOD is found to be beneficial for the Indian monsoon.
During this phase the Westerly winds weaken along the equator, allowing warm water to move to Africa. Changes in the winds also allow a rise of cool water from the deep ocean in the east. This creates a temperature difference across the tropical Indian Ocean with cooler than normal water in the east and warmer than normal water in the west. |
The negative phase of IOD is found to be an obstruction for the Indian monsoon. During this phase westerly winds intensify along the equator, allowing the concentration of warmer waters near Australia. This creates a temperature difference across the tropical Indian Ocean, with warmer than normal water in the east and cooler than normal water in the west. |
Solution (a)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Incorrect | Incorrect |
Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) occurs because of temperature difference in the equatorial region of Indian Ocean from April to May. | The positive phase of IOD is found to be beneficial for the Indian monsoon.
During this phase the Westerly winds weaken along the equator, allowing warm water to move to Africa. Changes in the winds also allow a rise of cool water from the deep ocean in the east. This creates a temperature difference across the tropical Indian Ocean with cooler than normal water in the east and warmer than normal water in the west. |
The negative phase of IOD is found to be an obstruction for the Indian monsoon. During this phase westerly winds intensify along the equator, allowing the concentration of warmer waters near Australia. This creates a temperature difference across the tropical Indian Ocean, with warmer than normal water in the east and cooler than normal water in the west. |
Consider the following statements
The above statements are correct for which type of drainage pattern?
Solution (c)
Dendritic Drainage Pattern:
Solution (c)
Dendritic Drainage Pattern:
Match the following
Dam | River |
1. Thein | a. Mahanadi |
2. Hirakud | b. Periyar |
3. Salal | c. Tapi |
4. Kakrapara | d. Chenab |
5. Idukki | e. Ravi |
Choose the correct code:
Solution (a)
Dam | River |
1. Thein | a. Ravi |
2. Hirakud | b. Mahanadi |
3. Salal | c. Chenab |
4. Kakrapara | d. Tapi |
5. Idukki | e. Periyar |
Solution (a)
Dam | River |
1. Thein | a. Ravi |
2. Hirakud | b. Mahanadi |
3. Salal | c. Chenab |
4. Kakrapara | d. Tapi |
5. Idukki | e. Periyar |
Consider the following statements about the Narmada River System
Choose the correct code:
Solution (a)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
Correct | Incorrect |
The Narmada River System flows from east to west and drains into the Arabian Sea.
The Tapti and the Mahi rivers also run from east to west. |
It flows through the states of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Maharashtra.
It rises to the summit of the Amarkantak Hill in Madhya Pradesh and outlines the traditional frontier between North India and South India. |
Solution (a)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
Correct | Incorrect |
The Narmada River System flows from east to west and drains into the Arabian Sea.
The Tapti and the Mahi rivers also run from east to west. |
It flows through the states of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Maharashtra.
It rises to the summit of the Amarkantak Hill in Madhya Pradesh and outlines the traditional frontier between North India and South India. |
Jet Streams are high speed winds located in the upper troposphere. Consider the following statements
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Incorrect | Correct |
The Jet streams located in the upper troposphere (9 – 14 km) are bands of high-speed winds (95-190 km/hr). The two most important types of jet streams are the Polar Jet Streams and the Subtropical Jet Streams.
They are found in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. |
Polar Jet Streams are created when cold air from the Polar Regions meets warmer air from the equator. It is a fact that the so-called polar front jet streams are closely related to the middle latitude weather disturbances. It has no relation with the tropical areas and it is confined to the Frigid Zone. | Sub-Tropical Jet Streams are formed as warm air from the equator moves towards the poles that form a steep temperature incline along a subtropical front. |
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Incorrect | Correct |
The Jet streams located in the upper troposphere (9 – 14 km) are bands of high-speed winds (95-190 km/hr). The two most important types of jet streams are the Polar Jet Streams and the Subtropical Jet Streams.
They are found in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. |
Polar Jet Streams are created when cold air from the Polar Regions meets warmer air from the equator. It is a fact that the so-called polar front jet streams are closely related to the middle latitude weather disturbances. It has no relation with the tropical areas and it is confined to the Frigid Zone. | Sub-Tropical Jet Streams are formed as warm air from the equator moves towards the poles that form a steep temperature incline along a subtropical front. |
Consider the Following statements regarding Equatorial Climate:
Choose the correct code:
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
Incorrect | Correct |
The most outstanding feature of the equatorial climate is its great uniformity of temperature throughout the year therefore, the diurnal range of temperature is small. | Precipitation is heavy between 60 inches and 100 inches and well distributed throughout the year. There is no month without rain. A distinct dry season like those of the Savanna or the Tropical Monsoon Climates is absent.
The Cloudiness and heavy precipitation make relative humidity very high and thus, the climate becomes sticky and uncomfortable. |
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
Incorrect | Correct |
The most outstanding feature of the equatorial climate is its great uniformity of temperature throughout the year therefore, the diurnal range of temperature is small. | Precipitation is heavy between 60 inches and 100 inches and well distributed throughout the year. There is no month without rain. A distinct dry season like those of the Savanna or the Tropical Monsoon Climates is absent.
The Cloudiness and heavy precipitation make relative humidity very high and thus, the climate becomes sticky and uncomfortable. |
Consider the following statements about mountain climate and coastal climate?
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (d)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Incorrect | Incorrect | Incorrect |
Unlike mountain climate, coastal climate does not witness much seasonal variation in a single year. This is because of the moderation of heat due to the presence of Oceans/seas. On the other hand, Mountain experiences several climatic phenomena like temperature inversion, Katabatic winds in the valleys, etc, and will witness different weather patterns. | Temperature inversion is more frequent in the mountainous region because of katabatic winds. Temperature inversion is a reversal of the normal behavior of temperature in the troposphere (the region of the atmosphere nearest the Earth’s surface), in which a layer of cool air at the surface is overlain by a layer of warmer air. (Under normal conditions air temperature usually decreases with height). | Coastal climates rarely favor the growth of coniferous forests. A coniferous forest is a terrestrial biome found in temperate regions of the world with warm summers and cool winters and adequate rainfall to sustain a forest.
In most temperate coniferous forests, evergreen conifers predominate, while some are a mix of conifers and broad-leaf evergreen trees and/or broad-leaf deciduous trees. Temperate evergreen forests are common in the United States of America, areas of regions that have mild winters and warm summers. They have needle-pointed leaves that avoid the deposition of snow and help in the process of photosynthesis. |
Solution (d)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Incorrect | Incorrect | Incorrect |
Unlike mountain climate, coastal climate does not witness much seasonal variation in a single year. This is because of the moderation of heat due to the presence of Oceans/seas. On the other hand, Mountain experiences several climatic phenomena like temperature inversion, Katabatic winds in the valleys, etc, and will witness different weather patterns. | Temperature inversion is more frequent in the mountainous region because of katabatic winds. Temperature inversion is a reversal of the normal behavior of temperature in the troposphere (the region of the atmosphere nearest the Earth’s surface), in which a layer of cool air at the surface is overlain by a layer of warmer air. (Under normal conditions air temperature usually decreases with height). | Coastal climates rarely favor the growth of coniferous forests. A coniferous forest is a terrestrial biome found in temperate regions of the world with warm summers and cool winters and adequate rainfall to sustain a forest.
In most temperate coniferous forests, evergreen conifers predominate, while some are a mix of conifers and broad-leaf evergreen trees and/or broad-leaf deciduous trees. Temperate evergreen forests are common in the United States of America, areas of regions that have mild winters and warm summers. They have needle-pointed leaves that avoid the deposition of snow and help in the process of photosynthesis. |
Consider the following pairs:
Type of climate Region
How many of the above given pairs is/are correctly matched?
Solution (d)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Incorrect | Incorrect | Incorrect |
The China Type
Central and North China (including southern Japan (temperate monsoonal). |
The Gulf Type
South-Eastern United States, (slight-monsoonal). |
The Natal Type
The entire warm temperate eastern margin (non-monsoonal areas) of the southern hemisphere includes Natal, eastern Australia, and southern Brazil-Paraguay- Uruguay and northern Argentina. |
Solution (d)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Incorrect | Incorrect | Incorrect |
The China Type
Central and North China (including southern Japan (temperate monsoonal). |
The Gulf Type
South-Eastern United States, (slight-monsoonal). |
The Natal Type
The entire warm temperate eastern margin (non-monsoonal areas) of the southern hemisphere includes Natal, eastern Australia, and southern Brazil-Paraguay- Uruguay and northern Argentina. |
Consider the following statements about different Climatic regions of the world
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (a)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Correct | Incorrect | Incorrect | Incorrect |
Savannah Climate is a transitional type of climate found between equatorial forests and trade wind hot deserts.
Grasses and trees – The savanna is a rolling grassland with scattered trees and shrubs. Rainy and dry seasons – Savannas have two distinct seasons in regard to precipitation. There is a rainy season in the summer with around 15 to 25 inches of rain and a dry season in the winter when only a couple of inches of rain may fall. Large herds of animals – There are often large herds of grazing animals on the savanna that thrive on the abundance of grass and trees. Warm – The savanna stays pretty warm all year. It cools down some during the dry season but stays warm and humid during the rainy season. |
Major Hot deserts of the world are located on the west coasts of continents between latitudes 15° and 30°. It includes the Sahara Desert and the Great Australian Desert.
The climate of these deserts is scorching hot and parched dry. It has a short rainy season. Since the sky is cloudless and clear, the rate of water evaporation is greater than the rate of water accumulation. Hence, there is water scarcity. However, the nights may be freezing cold with temperatures nearing zero degrees Celsius. Thus, there is a high diurnal range of temperature. |
Mediterranean climate is characterized by a dry warm summer with offshore winds. Almost no rain falls during the summer, so most of the rain falls during the cooler winter.
The summer experiences cold ocean currents that bring dry air and no precipitation. During the winter the currents shift and warmer, moist air brings rain to these areas. Snow can fall in higher elevation areas or places that are farther north. Mediterranean climates receive around 20 inches of annual(yearly) rainfall. |
Temperate grasslands are found in the Temperate zone and not in the tropical zone. Sudan has tropical grasslands and not temperate grasslands.
In Eurasia they are called the Steppes, in North America, they are called Prairies, in South America, they are called Pampas, in South Africa, they are called Velds |
Solution (a)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Correct | Incorrect | Incorrect | Incorrect |
Savannah Climate is a transitional type of climate found between equatorial forests and trade wind hot deserts.
Grasses and trees – The savanna is a rolling grassland with scattered trees and shrubs. Rainy and dry seasons – Savannas have two distinct seasons in regard to precipitation. There is a rainy season in the summer with around 15 to 25 inches of rain and a dry season in the winter when only a couple of inches of rain may fall. Large herds of animals – There are often large herds of grazing animals on the savanna that thrive on the abundance of grass and trees. Warm – The savanna stays pretty warm all year. It cools down some during the dry season but stays warm and humid during the rainy season. |
Major Hot deserts of the world are located on the west coasts of continents between latitudes 15° and 30°. It includes the Sahara Desert and the Great Australian Desert.
The climate of these deserts is scorching hot and parched dry. It has a short rainy season. Since the sky is cloudless and clear, the rate of water evaporation is greater than the rate of water accumulation. Hence, there is water scarcity. However, the nights may be freezing cold with temperatures nearing zero degrees Celsius. Thus, there is a high diurnal range of temperature. |
Mediterranean climate is characterized by a dry warm summer with offshore winds. Almost no rain falls during the summer, so most of the rain falls during the cooler winter.
The summer experiences cold ocean currents that bring dry air and no precipitation. During the winter the currents shift and warmer, moist air brings rain to these areas. Snow can fall in higher elevation areas or places that are farther north. Mediterranean climates receive around 20 inches of annual(yearly) rainfall. |
Temperate grasslands are found in the Temperate zone and not in the tropical zone. Sudan has tropical grasslands and not temperate grasslands.
In Eurasia they are called the Steppes, in North America, they are called Prairies, in South America, they are called Pampas, in South Africa, they are called Velds |
Jet streams play an important role in:
Which of the below option is/are correct?
Solution (d)
Jets streams play a key role in determining the weather because they usually separate colder air and warmer air. Jet streams generally push air masses around, moving weather systems to new areas and even causing them to stall if they have moved too far away
As jet streams impact changes in upper atmospheric circulations, they affect all the above phenomenon.
Solution (d)
Jets streams play a key role in determining the weather because they usually separate colder air and warmer air. Jet streams generally push air masses around, moving weather systems to new areas and even causing them to stall if they have moved too far away
As jet streams impact changes in upper atmospheric circulations, they affect all the above phenomenon.
Consider the following pairs concerning types of drainage patterns
How many of the pair(s) given above is/are correct?
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Correct | Incorrect | Correct | Incorrect |
Trellis Drainage Pattern: When a river is joined by its tributaries at almost right angles, it develops a trellis pattern. Trellis pattern develops where hard and soft rocks exist parallel to each other. | Rectangular Drainage Pattern: When rocks are strongly joined, then a rectangular pattern develops.
The rectangular drainage pattern is prevalent in faulted areas. It grows on a rocky surface that is closely bound. Streams take the path of least resistance; therefore, they congregate in areas with the weakest exposed rock. The tributary streams bend sharply and enter the mainstream at a steep angle. E.g. Chambal, Betwa, and Ken are three streams found in the Vindhya mountain range. |
Dendritic Drainage Pattern: When the river channel follows the slope of the terrain, it develops a dendritic pattern. The stream and its tributaries resemble the branches of a tree. Hence, it is called a dendritic pattern | Radial Drainage Pattern: When the streams flow in different directions from a central peak or dome-like structure, a radial pattern is developed.
The description given in the question matches the Centripetal system of drainage.
|
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Correct | Incorrect | Correct | Incorrect |
Trellis Drainage Pattern: When a river is joined by its tributaries at almost right angles, it develops a trellis pattern. Trellis pattern develops where hard and soft rocks exist parallel to each other. | Rectangular Drainage Pattern: When rocks are strongly joined, then a rectangular pattern develops.
The rectangular drainage pattern is prevalent in faulted areas. It grows on a rocky surface that is closely bound. Streams take the path of least resistance; therefore, they congregate in areas with the weakest exposed rock. The tributary streams bend sharply and enter the mainstream at a steep angle. E.g. Chambal, Betwa, and Ken are three streams found in the Vindhya mountain range. |
Dendritic Drainage Pattern: When the river channel follows the slope of the terrain, it develops a dendritic pattern. The stream and its tributaries resemble the branches of a tree. Hence, it is called a dendritic pattern | Radial Drainage Pattern: When the streams flow in different directions from a central peak or dome-like structure, a radial pattern is developed.
The description given in the question matches the Centripetal system of drainage.
|
Which of the following rivers has its source of origin at/near the Manasarovar lake?
Select the correct answer using the codes given below
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Correct | Correct | Incorrect | Correct |
The Brahmaputra rises in Tibet East of Mansarovar lake very close to the sources of the Indus and the Satluj. Originating from Chemyandung glacier It is slightly longer than the Indus, and most of its course lies outside India. It flows Eastwards parallel to the Himalayas. On reaching the Namcha Barwa (7757 m), it takes a ‘U-turn and enters India in Arunachal Pradesh through a gorge. Here, it is called the Dihang and it is joined by the Dibang, the Lohit, and many other tributaries to form the Brahmaputra in Assam. | The river Indus rises in Tibet, near Lake Mansarovar originating from the single kanban glacier, it enters India in the Ladakh district of Jammu and Kashmir. Several tributaries, Zaskar, Nubra, Shyok, and Hunza, join it in the Kashmir region. | The Gandak comprises two streams, namely Kali Gandaki and Trishul Ganga. It rises in Nepal The Himalayas between the Dhaulagiri and Mount Everest (not near the Mansarovar lake in Tibet) drain the central part of Nepal. It enters the Ganga plain in the Champaran district of Bihar and joins the Ganga at Sonpur near Patna | The Satluj originates in the Rakas lake near Mansarovar at an altitude of 4,555 m in Tibet where it is known as Langchen Khambab. It flows almost parallel to the Indus for about 400 km before entering India and comes out of a gorge at Rupar. It passes through the Shipki La on the Himalayan ranges and enters the Punjab plains |
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Correct | Correct | Incorrect | Correct |
The Brahmaputra rises in Tibet East of Mansarovar lake very close to the sources of the Indus and the Satluj. Originating from Chemyandung glacier It is slightly longer than the Indus, and most of its course lies outside India. It flows Eastwards parallel to the Himalayas. On reaching the Namcha Barwa (7757 m), it takes a ‘U-turn and enters India in Arunachal Pradesh through a gorge. Here, it is called the Dihang and it is joined by the Dibang, the Lohit, and many other tributaries to form the Brahmaputra in Assam. | The river Indus rises in Tibet, near Lake Mansarovar originating from the single kanban glacier, it enters India in the Ladakh district of Jammu and Kashmir. Several tributaries, Zaskar, Nubra, Shyok, and Hunza, join it in the Kashmir region. | The Gandak comprises two streams, namely Kali Gandaki and Trishul Ganga. It rises in Nepal The Himalayas between the Dhaulagiri and Mount Everest (not near the Mansarovar lake in Tibet) drain the central part of Nepal. It enters the Ganga plain in the Champaran district of Bihar and joins the Ganga at Sonpur near Patna | The Satluj originates in the Rakas lake near Mansarovar at an altitude of 4,555 m in Tibet where it is known as Langchen Khambab. It flows almost parallel to the Indus for about 400 km before entering India and comes out of a gorge at Rupar. It passes through the Shipki La on the Himalayan ranges and enters the Punjab plains |
Consider the following statements concerning the Ganga River system
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (a)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Incorrect | Correct | Incorrect |
The headwaters of the Ganga called the ‘Bhagirathi’ (not Alaknanda) is fed by the Gangotri Glacier and joined by the Alaknanda at Devaprayag in Uttarakhand. | At Haridwar, the Ganga emerges from the mountains onto the plains.
The Ganga is joined by many tributaries from the Himalayas, a few of them being major rivers, such as the Yamuna, the Ghaghara, the Gandak, and the Kosi. |
The river Yamuna rises from the Yamunotri Glacier in the Himalayas. It flows parallel to the Ganga and as a right-bank tributary (not a left-bank tributary) meets the Ganga at Allahabad. |
Solution (a)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Incorrect | Correct | Incorrect |
The headwaters of the Ganga called the ‘Bhagirathi’ (not Alaknanda) is fed by the Gangotri Glacier and joined by the Alaknanda at Devaprayag in Uttarakhand. | At Haridwar, the Ganga emerges from the mountains onto the plains.
The Ganga is joined by many tributaries from the Himalayas, a few of them being major rivers, such as the Yamuna, the Ghaghara, the Gandak, and the Kosi. |
The river Yamuna rises from the Yamunotri Glacier in the Himalayas. It flows parallel to the Ganga and as a right-bank tributary (not a left-bank tributary) meets the Ganga at Allahabad. |
Consider the following pairs concerning rivers and the places where they originate
Rivers Source of origin
How many of the above pairs is/are incorrectly matched?
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Correct | Incorrect | Correct | Incorrect |
The Krishna River: Rising from a spring near Mahabaleshwar, the Krishna flows for about 1400 km and Reaches the Bay of Bengal. The Tungabhadra, the Koyana, the Ghatprabha, the Musi, and the Bhima are some of its tributaries. | The Narmada River: The Narmada rises in the Amarkantak hills (not in the Chota Nagpur plateau) in Madhya Pradesh. It flows towards the West in a rift valley formed due to faulting. On its way to the sea, the Narmada creates many picturesque locations. The ‘Marble rocks’, near Jabalpur, where the Narmada flows through a deep gorge, and the Dhuandhar falls, where the river plunges over steep rocks, are some of the notable ones | The Kaveri River: It rises in the Brahmagiri range of the Western Ghats and it reaches the Bay of Bengal in the South of Cuddalore in Tamil Nadu. The total length of the river is about 760 km. Its main tributaries are Amravati, Bhavani, Hemavati, and Kabini. | The Mahanadi River: The Mahanadi rises near Sihawa in the Raipur district of Chhattisgarh and runs through Odisha to discharge its water into the Bay of Bengal. It is 851 km long and its catchment area spreads over 1.42 lakh sq. km |
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Correct | Incorrect | Correct | Incorrect |
The Krishna River: Rising from a spring near Mahabaleshwar, the Krishna flows for about 1400 km and Reaches the Bay of Bengal. The Tungabhadra, the Koyana, the Ghatprabha, the Musi, and the Bhima are some of its tributaries. | The Narmada River: The Narmada rises in the Amarkantak hills (not in the Chota Nagpur plateau) in Madhya Pradesh. It flows towards the West in a rift valley formed due to faulting. On its way to the sea, the Narmada creates many picturesque locations. The ‘Marble rocks’, near Jabalpur, where the Narmada flows through a deep gorge, and the Dhuandhar falls, where the river plunges over steep rocks, are some of the notable ones | The Kaveri River: It rises in the Brahmagiri range of the Western Ghats and it reaches the Bay of Bengal in the South of Cuddalore in Tamil Nadu. The total length of the river is about 760 km. Its main tributaries are Amravati, Bhavani, Hemavati, and Kabini. | The Mahanadi River: The Mahanadi rises near Sihawa in the Raipur district of Chhattisgarh and runs through Odisha to discharge its water into the Bay of Bengal. It is 851 km long and its catchment area spreads over 1.42 lakh sq. km |
Which of the following is/are the tributaries of river Godavari?
Select the correct answer using the codes given below
Solution (d)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 | Statement 5 |
Incorrect | Correct | Correct | Correct | Incorrect |
The Koyana is are the tributary of the river Krishna.
Unlike most of the other rivers in Maharashtra which flow East-West direction, the Koyna river flows in a North-South direction. The Koyna River is famous for the Koyna Dam and the Koyna Hydroelectric Project. |
The Manjari, also spelled Manjara or Manjeera, is a tributary of the river Godavari. It passes through the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Telangana. It originates in the Balaghat range of hills near Ahmednagar district at an altitude of 823 meters and empties into the Godavari River. | It is one of the tributaries of Godavari. The Painganga River (also known as the Penganga River) is the chief river of the Buldhana district, Hingoli district, Nanded district, Yavatmal district, Chandrapur district, and Washim district in the Maharashtra state in India. | The Piranha River is the largest tributary of the Godavari River covering about 34% of its drainage basin conveying the combined waters of the Penganga River, the Wardha River, and the Wainganga River | Bhima is the tributary of the river Krishna.
It originates near Bhimashankar Temple in the Bhimashankar hills in the Taluka on the western side of the Western Ghats. |
Solution (d)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 | Statement 5 |
Incorrect | Correct | Correct | Correct | Incorrect |
The Koyana is are the tributary of the river Krishna.
Unlike most of the other rivers in Maharashtra which flow East-West direction, the Koyna river flows in a North-South direction. The Koyna River is famous for the Koyna Dam and the Koyna Hydroelectric Project. |
The Manjari, also spelled Manjara or Manjeera, is a tributary of the river Godavari. It passes through the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Telangana. It originates in the Balaghat range of hills near Ahmednagar district at an altitude of 823 meters and empties into the Godavari River. | It is one of the tributaries of Godavari. The Painganga River (also known as the Penganga River) is the chief river of the Buldhana district, Hingoli district, Nanded district, Yavatmal district, Chandrapur district, and Washim district in the Maharashtra state in India. | The Piranha River is the largest tributary of the Godavari River covering about 34% of its drainage basin conveying the combined waters of the Penganga River, the Wardha River, and the Wainganga River | Bhima is the tributary of the river Krishna.
It originates near Bhimashankar Temple in the Bhimashankar hills in the Taluka on the western side of the Western Ghats. |
Consider the following pairs on Dams and associated Rivers
Multipurpose river valley projects Rivers associated
Which of the codes is/are correctly matched?
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Correct | Incorrect | Correct | Incorrect |
Hirakud Dam is built across the Mahanadi River, about 15 kilometers from Sambalpur in the state of Odisha in India. It is one of the first major multipurpose river valley projects that started after India’s independence. It is India’s largest dam. The dam helps control floods in the Mahanadi delta and irrigates 75,000 km2 of land. | The Bhakra-Nangal multipurpose dams are located in the state of Himachal Pradesh and are named after the two dams built at Bhakra and Nangal on the Satluj River (not beas river). The project comprises (i) two dams at Bhakra and Nangal (ii) powerhouses with a combined installed capacity of 1,204 megawatts (M.W.) and (iii) a Bhakra canal system for irrigation | The Gandhi Sagar Dam is one of the four major dams built on India’s Chambal River. The dam is located in the state of Madhya Pradesh. It is a masonry gravity dam standing 62.17 meters high
⮚ The dam sports a total energy generation of about 564 GWh. The water released after power generation is used for the irrigation of 427,000 hectares by the Kota Barrage |
Nagarjuna Sagar Dam is a masonry dam across the Krishna River (not the Godavari River). The dam created a water reservoir with a gross storage capacity of 11.472 billion cubic meters. The dam is 590 feet tall from its deepest foundation and 0.99 miles long with 26 floodgates |
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Correct | Incorrect | Correct | Incorrect |
Hirakud Dam is built across the Mahanadi River, about 15 kilometers from Sambalpur in the state of Odisha in India. It is one of the first major multipurpose river valley projects that started after India’s independence. It is India’s largest dam. The dam helps control floods in the Mahanadi delta and irrigates 75,000 km2 of land. | The Bhakra-Nangal multipurpose dams are located in the state of Himachal Pradesh and are named after the two dams built at Bhakra and Nangal on the Satluj River (not beas river). The project comprises (i) two dams at Bhakra and Nangal (ii) powerhouses with a combined installed capacity of 1,204 megawatts (M.W.) and (iii) a Bhakra canal system for irrigation | The Gandhi Sagar Dam is one of the four major dams built on India’s Chambal River. The dam is located in the state of Madhya Pradesh. It is a masonry gravity dam standing 62.17 meters high
⮚ The dam sports a total energy generation of about 564 GWh. The water released after power generation is used for the irrigation of 427,000 hectares by the Kota Barrage |
Nagarjuna Sagar Dam is a masonry dam across the Krishna River (not the Godavari River). The dam created a water reservoir with a gross storage capacity of 11.472 billion cubic meters. The dam is 590 feet tall from its deepest foundation and 0.99 miles long with 26 floodgates |
Identify the river having the following characteristics:
Which of the following rivers best describes the above characteristics?
Solution (a)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Correct | Incorrect | Incorrect | Incorrect |
The Narmada originates on the western flank of the Amarkantak plateau at a height of about 1,057 m. It is the largest west-flowing river in Peninsular India. Flowing in a rift valley between the Satpura in the south and the Vindhyan range in the north, it forms a picturesque gorge in marble rocks and the Dhuandhar waterfall near Jabalpur. Its valley is a depressed block of the Earth’s crust bordered by parallel faults.
After flowing a distance of about 1,312 km, it meets the Arabian sea south of Bharuch, forming a broad 27 km long estuary. Its catchment area is about 98,796 sq. km. The Sardar Sarovar Project has been constructed on this river |
The Son is a Larges south bank tributary of the Ganga, originating in the Amarkantak plateau.
After forming a series of waterfalls at the edge of the plateau, it reaches Arrah, west of Patna, to join the Ganga. |
Johilla River It is a tributary of River Son. Its source is near Amarkantak. | Tapi River The Tapi is the other important westward-flowing river.
It originates from Multai in the Betul district of Madhya Pradesh. Nearly 79 percent of its basin lies in Maharashtra, 15 percent in Madhya Pradesh, and the remaining 6 percent in Gujarat. |
Solution (a)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Correct | Incorrect | Incorrect | Incorrect |
The Narmada originates on the western flank of the Amarkantak plateau at a height of about 1,057 m. It is the largest west-flowing river in Peninsular India. Flowing in a rift valley between the Satpura in the south and the Vindhyan range in the north, it forms a picturesque gorge in marble rocks and the Dhuandhar waterfall near Jabalpur. Its valley is a depressed block of the Earth’s crust bordered by parallel faults.
After flowing a distance of about 1,312 km, it meets the Arabian sea south of Bharuch, forming a broad 27 km long estuary. Its catchment area is about 98,796 sq. km. The Sardar Sarovar Project has been constructed on this river |
The Son is a Larges south bank tributary of the Ganga, originating in the Amarkantak plateau.
After forming a series of waterfalls at the edge of the plateau, it reaches Arrah, west of Patna, to join the Ganga. |
Johilla River It is a tributary of River Son. Its source is near Amarkantak. | Tapi River The Tapi is the other important westward-flowing river.
It originates from Multai in the Betul district of Madhya Pradesh. Nearly 79 percent of its basin lies in Maharashtra, 15 percent in Madhya Pradesh, and the remaining 6 percent in Gujarat. |
Which of the following are west flowing rivers?
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Correct | Correct | Correct | Incorrect |
The Mahi is a river in western India. It rises in Madhya Pradesh and, after flowing through the Vagad region of Rajasthan, enters Gujarat and flows into the Arabian Sea. It is thus a west-flowing river. | The Narmada River rises from the Amarkantak Plateau in Anuppur district Madhya Pradesh. It forms the traditional boundary between North India and South India and flows westwards over a length of before draining through the Gulf of Khambhat into the Arabian Sea | Peryar origiantes from western ghats and flows into the Arabian Sea. Periyar is named the “Lifeline of Kerala” and is a west flowing river | Subarnarekha is an east flowing river which drains into the Bay of Bengal. |
Major Rivers of the Peninsular Region – Most of the major Peninsular rivers except Narmada and Tapi flow from west to east. The other major river systems of the Peninsular drainage are – the Mahanadi the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri; they all flow towards the east and fall into the Bay of Bengal.
Small Rivers of the Peninsular Region –
Flowing towards the west – Sabarmati, Mahi, Dhandhar, Kalindi, Sharavati, Bharathapuzha and Periyar.
Flowing towards the east – The Subarnrekha, the Baitarni, the Brahmani, the Vamsadhara, the Penner, the Palar and the Vaigai are important east flowing small rivers
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Correct | Correct | Correct | Incorrect |
The Mahi is a river in western India. It rises in Madhya Pradesh and, after flowing through the Vagad region of Rajasthan, enters Gujarat and flows into the Arabian Sea. It is thus a west-flowing river. | The Narmada River rises from the Amarkantak Plateau in Anuppur district Madhya Pradesh. It forms the traditional boundary between North India and South India and flows westwards over a length of before draining through the Gulf of Khambhat into the Arabian Sea | Peryar origiantes from western ghats and flows into the Arabian Sea. Periyar is named the “Lifeline of Kerala” and is a west flowing river | Subarnarekha is an east flowing river which drains into the Bay of Bengal. |
Major Rivers of the Peninsular Region – Most of the major Peninsular rivers except Narmada and Tapi flow from west to east. The other major river systems of the Peninsular drainage are – the Mahanadi the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri; they all flow towards the east and fall into the Bay of Bengal.
Small Rivers of the Peninsular Region –
Flowing towards the west – Sabarmati, Mahi, Dhandhar, Kalindi, Sharavati, Bharathapuzha and Periyar.
Flowing towards the east – The Subarnrekha, the Baitarni, the Brahmani, the Vamsadhara, the Penner, the Palar and the Vaigai are important east flowing small rivers
It is a sacred river of southern India. It rises on Brahmagiri Hill of the Western Ghats and descends the Eastern Ghats in a series of great falls and drains into the Bay of Bengal. Its tributaries are Arkavathi, Hemavathi, Lakshmana Theertha, Shimsa, Kabini, and Harangi. It is known as Ponni, the Ganga of the south, and it is the fourth largest river in southern India.
The above paragraph refers to which of the following rivers?
Solution (b)
River Kaveri is a sacred river of southern India. It rises on Brahmagiri Hill of the Western Ghats and descends the Eastern Ghats in a series of great falls and drains into the Bay of Bengal. Its tributaries are Arkavathi, Hemavathi, Lakshmana Theertha, Shimsa, Kabini, and Harangi. It is known as Ponni, the Ganga of the south, and it is the fourth largest river in southern India. Hence option b is correct.
Solution (b)
River Kaveri is a sacred river of southern India. It rises on Brahmagiri Hill of the Western Ghats and descends the Eastern Ghats in a series of great falls and drains into the Bay of Bengal. Its tributaries are Arkavathi, Hemavathi, Lakshmana Theertha, Shimsa, Kabini, and Harangi. It is known as Ponni, the Ganga of the south, and it is the fourth largest river in southern India. Hence option b is correct.
Which of the following are part of the Climate Polycrisis?
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (c)
The Climate Polycrisis, a term highlighted by Adam Tooze, represents multiple, interconnected crises stemming from climate change, affecting numerous sectors globally and in India. This involves rising temperatures, escalating sea levels, and increased extreme weather events, which individually and collectively pose challenges across various domains. Various sectors like energy, infrastructure, health, migration, and food production in India are intricately linked and impacted by climate change, necessitating comprehensive and interconnected solutions. Addressing the polycrisis requires a holistic strategy that considers all physical impacts and the resulting socio-economic challenges, ensuring solutions are resilient, equitable, and just across all sectors. Hence option c is correct.
Solution (c)
The Climate Polycrisis, a term highlighted by Adam Tooze, represents multiple, interconnected crises stemming from climate change, affecting numerous sectors globally and in India. This involves rising temperatures, escalating sea levels, and increased extreme weather events, which individually and collectively pose challenges across various domains. Various sectors like energy, infrastructure, health, migration, and food production in India are intricately linked and impacted by climate change, necessitating comprehensive and interconnected solutions. Addressing the polycrisis requires a holistic strategy that considers all physical impacts and the resulting socio-economic challenges, ensuring solutions are resilient, equitable, and just across all sectors. Hence option c is correct.
Consider the following statements about the International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI)
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (c)
Note: The Coral Reef Breakthrough Initiative was launched by the International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) in partnership with the Global Fund for Coral Reefs(GFCR) and the High-Level Climate Champions(HLCC). It aims to secure the future of at least 125,000 km2 of shallow-water tropical coral reefs with investments of at least US$12 billion to support the resilience of more than half a billion people globally by 2030.
Solution (c)
Note: The Coral Reef Breakthrough Initiative was launched by the International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) in partnership with the Global Fund for Coral Reefs(GFCR) and the High-Level Climate Champions(HLCC). It aims to secure the future of at least 125,000 km2 of shallow-water tropical coral reefs with investments of at least US$12 billion to support the resilience of more than half a billion people globally by 2030.
Consider the following statements:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Solution (b)
Consider the following statements:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
The leading export markets for Indian Turmeric are Bangladesh, UAE, USA, and Malaysia. Hence statement 3 is correct.
Solution (b)
The leading export markets for Indian Turmeric are Bangladesh, UAE, USA, and Malaysia. Hence statement 3 is correct.
Consider the following statements about the India-Japan Fund (IJF)
Choose the correct code:
Solution (c)
Solution (c)
Which of the following are the applications of Quantum Dots?
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (d)
Quantum dots are particles that are a few nanometres wide. They exhibit unique optical properties due to their small physical size.
The applications of Quantum Dots:
Note: The 2023 Nobel Prize in chemistry was awarded to Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus, and Alexei I. Ekimov for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots.
Solution (d)
Quantum dots are particles that are a few nanometres wide. They exhibit unique optical properties due to their small physical size.
The applications of Quantum Dots:
Note: The 2023 Nobel Prize in chemistry was awarded to Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus, and Alexei I. Ekimov for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots.
In which of the following country Mission Operation Cactus was led by the Indian Armed Forces in 1988?
Solution (b)
Mission Operation Cactus was led by the Indian Armed Forces in 1988 in Maldives. It was a successful mission to prevent a coup attempt which was against the Maldivian Government headed by President Abdul Gayoom. Hence option b is correct.
Solution (b)
Mission Operation Cactus was led by the Indian Armed Forces in 1988 in Maldives. It was a successful mission to prevent a coup attempt which was against the Maldivian Government headed by President Abdul Gayoom. Hence option b is correct.
Which of the following has got geographical indication from Jammu and Kashmir?
Choose the correct code:
Solution (b)
The GI tags in the Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir:
Geographical Indications | Category |
Gucchi mushroom | Agriculture |
Kani shawl | Handicraft |
Kashmiri hand-knotted carpet | Handicraft |
Kashmir paper mache | Handicraft |
Kashmir Pashmina | Handicraft |
Kashmir sozani craft | Handicraft |
Kashmir walnut wood carving | Handicraft |
Kashmir saffron | Agriculture |
Khatamband | Handicraft |
Note:
Hence option b is correct.
Solution (b)
The GI tags in the Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir:
Geographical Indications | Category |
Gucchi mushroom | Agriculture |
Kani shawl | Handicraft |
Kashmiri hand-knotted carpet | Handicraft |
Kashmir paper mache | Handicraft |
Kashmir Pashmina | Handicraft |
Kashmir sozani craft | Handicraft |
Kashmir walnut wood carving | Handicraft |
Kashmir saffron | Agriculture |
Khatamband | Handicraft |
Note:
Hence option b is correct.
Consider the following statements about Bekal Fort
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Solution (b)
A person walks a certain distance and rides back in 61⁄2 hours. If he walks both ways, the time taken is 7(3⁄4) hours. How long would it take if he rides both ways?
Solution (b)
= W + R = 13/2 ……. (i)
= W + W = 31/4 ……. (ii)
= 2W = 31/4 or W = 31/8
Putting W = 31/8 in equation (i) above
31/8 + R = 13/2
R = 13/2 – 31/8 = (52 – 31)/8 = 21/8
Therefore, 2 R = 2 ×21/8 = 21/4 = 51⁄4 hours = 5 hours 15 minutes
Solution (b)
= W + R = 13/2 ……. (i)
= W + W = 31/4 ……. (ii)
= 2W = 31/4 or W = 31/8
Putting W = 31/8 in equation (i) above
31/8 + R = 13/2
R = 13/2 – 31/8 = (52 – 31)/8 = 21/8
Therefore, 2 R = 2 ×21/8 = 21/4 = 51⁄4 hours = 5 hours 15 minutes
In a test, 3 marks are given for each correct answer and 2 marks are cut for each wrong answer. In that test of 50 questions, a student got 60 marks. How many questions did he solve correctly?
Solution (c)
Let the number of correct questions be ‘x’
Then, wrong questions is “(50-x)”
Therefore, 3x – 2 (50-x) = 60
3x – 100 + 2x = 60 => 5x = 160 => x = 32
Solution (c)
Let the number of correct questions be ‘x’
Then, wrong questions is “(50-x)”
Therefore, 3x – 2 (50-x) = 60
3x – 100 + 2x = 60 => 5x = 160 => x = 32
In a group of persons, 60% of the persons are male and 40% of the persons are married. If two-fifth of the males are married, what fraction of the females is single?
Solution (b)
Let the no. of total persons = 100
Number of male = 60
∴ No. of female = 100 – 60 = 40
∴ Total married male = (2/5) * 60 = 24
∴ Married female = 40 – 24 = 16
Now, unmarried female = 40 – 16 = 24
∴ Required fraction = 24/40 = 3/5
Solution (b)
Let the no. of total persons = 100
Number of male = 60
∴ No. of female = 100 – 60 = 40
∴ Total married male = (2/5) * 60 = 24
∴ Married female = 40 – 24 = 16
Now, unmarried female = 40 – 16 = 24
∴ Required fraction = 24/40 = 3/5
The least number which must be added to the greatest number of 4 digits in order that the sum may be exactly divisible by 307 is
Solution (d)
On dividing 9999 by 307, we get remainder 175.
Therefore, least number which must be added to 9999 to get a number perfectly divisible by 307
= 307 – 175 = 132.
Solution (d)
On dividing 9999 by 307, we get remainder 175.
Therefore, least number which must be added to 9999 to get a number perfectly divisible by 307
= 307 – 175 = 132.
The average height of 40 students is 163 cm. On a particular day three students A, B, C were absent and the average of the remaining 37 students was found to be 162 cm. If A, B have equal heights and the height of C be 2 cm less than that of A, find the height of A?
Solution (c)
Total height of 40 students = 40 x 163 = 6520
Total height of 37 students = 37 x 162 = 5994
Therefore, Height of three students A, B and C =6520 – 5994 = 526
Let the height of A & B individually be = x
Therefore, Height of C = x – 2
Solution (c)
Total height of 40 students = 40 x 163 = 6520
Total height of 37 students = 37 x 162 = 5994
Therefore, Height of three students A, B and C =6520 – 5994 = 526
Let the height of A & B individually be = x
Therefore, Height of C = x – 2
All the Best
IASbaba