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The following Test is based on the syllabus of 60 Days Plan-2023 for UPSC IAS Prelims 2022.
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Which of the following is included under the Gross cropped area
Select the correct answer using the codes given below
Solution (d)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Incorrect | Correct |
Net sown area
Area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus the net sown area is known as gross cropped area. |
Fallow lands are not part of gross cropped area.
Current fallow – (left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year) Other than the current fallow – (left uncultivated for the past 1 to 5 agricultural years |
Gross cropped area
● Area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus the net sown area is known as gross cropped area. ● Gross Cropped Area (GCA) is the total area sown once as well as more than once in a particular year. Example: When the crop is sown on a piece of land twice a year, then the area is counted twice while calculating the Gross Cropped Area (GCA) Land resources are used for the following purposes ● Forests ● Land not available for cultivation |
Solution (d)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Incorrect | Correct |
Net sown area
Area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus the net sown area is known as gross cropped area. |
Fallow lands are not part of gross cropped area.
Current fallow – (left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year) Other than the current fallow – (left uncultivated for the past 1 to 5 agricultural years |
Gross cropped area
● Area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus the net sown area is known as gross cropped area. ● Gross Cropped Area (GCA) is the total area sown once as well as more than once in a particular year. Example: When the crop is sown on a piece of land twice a year, then the area is counted twice while calculating the Gross Cropped Area (GCA) Land resources are used for the following purposes ● Forests ● Land not available for cultivation |
Consider the following statements with respect to wheat cultivation
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Incorrect |
Wheat is the second most important cereal crop after rice. It is the main food crop in the North and NorthWestern parts of the country.
This rabi crop requires a cool growing season and bright sunshine at the time of ripening. ● It requires 50 to 75 cm of annual rainfall evenly distributed over the growing season. |
There are two important wheat-growing zones in the country – the Ganga-Satluj plains in the North-West and the black soil region of the Deccan.
● The major wheat-producing states are Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, and Rajasthan. |
Recently, paddy has also become an important crop in Punjab and Haryana. In states like Assam, West Bengal, and Odisha, three crops of paddy are grown in a year namely, Aus Aman and Boro (these are not varieties of wheat) |
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Incorrect |
Wheat is the second most important cereal crop after rice. It is the main food crop in the North and NorthWestern parts of the country.
This rabi crop requires a cool growing season and bright sunshine at the time of ripening. ● It requires 50 to 75 cm of annual rainfall evenly distributed over the growing season. |
There are two important wheat-growing zones in the country – the Ganga-Satluj plains in the North-West and the black soil region of the Deccan.
● The major wheat-producing states are Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, and Rajasthan. |
Recently, paddy has also become an important crop in Punjab and Haryana. In states like Assam, West Bengal, and Odisha, three crops of paddy are grown in a year namely, Aus Aman and Boro (these are not varieties of wheat) |
It is an equatorial crop, but under special conditions, it is also grown in tropical and sub-tropical areas. It requires a moist and humid climate with rainfall of more than 200 cm and temperatures above 25°C. It is mainly grown in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andaman Nicobar Islands, and the Garo hills of Meghalaya.
The above description refers to which among the following crops?
Solution (b)
RUBBER
Solution (b)
RUBBER
Consider the following statements regarding coffee production in India
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Incorrect |
Direct sunlight is harmful for coffee plants; therefore, these are planted under shade of taller trees such as bananas, Orange, Cardamon and Pepper vines. In parts of Madikeri and Chikkamangaluru of Karnataka, leguminous plants are used which not only provide shade but also enrich soil with nitrogen. | Coffee is largely produced in the southern part of India. Karnataka is the largest producer accounting for about 70% of the total coffee production in India. Kerala is the second-largest producer of coffee but lags far behind, accounting only for about 23% of the total production. Tamil Nadu is the third-largest producer, where India’s 6% of the coffee is produced. Nearly half of Tamil Nadu’s coffee is made in the Nilgiri district, a major Arabica growing region. Orissa and the northeastern areas have a smaller proportion of production. | White stem borer is the most serious pest of Arabica coffee in India.
White stem borer in coffee Coffee white stem borer (Xylotrechus quadripes) is a serious pest of arabica coffee causing a yield loss up to 40 per cent in all coffee growing areas of India. It is a blackish brown coloured beetle with three pairs of white stripes. The other plants on which this pest attack are rose sandal wood, teak etc. Infested plants show yellowing and wilting of leaves, presence of ridges on the stem, wilting of branches and occasional drying |
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Incorrect |
Direct sunlight is harmful for coffee plants; therefore, these are planted under shade of taller trees such as bananas, Orange, Cardamon and Pepper vines. In parts of Madikeri and Chikkamangaluru of Karnataka, leguminous plants are used which not only provide shade but also enrich soil with nitrogen. | Coffee is largely produced in the southern part of India. Karnataka is the largest producer accounting for about 70% of the total coffee production in India. Kerala is the second-largest producer of coffee but lags far behind, accounting only for about 23% of the total production. Tamil Nadu is the third-largest producer, where India’s 6% of the coffee is produced. Nearly half of Tamil Nadu’s coffee is made in the Nilgiri district, a major Arabica growing region. Orissa and the northeastern areas have a smaller proportion of production. | White stem borer is the most serious pest of Arabica coffee in India.
White stem borer in coffee Coffee white stem borer (Xylotrechus quadripes) is a serious pest of arabica coffee causing a yield loss up to 40 per cent in all coffee growing areas of India. It is a blackish brown coloured beetle with three pairs of white stripes. The other plants on which this pest attack are rose sandal wood, teak etc. Infested plants show yellowing and wilting of leaves, presence of ridges on the stem, wilting of branches and occasional drying |
Which of the following is/are plantation crops?
Select the correct answer using the codes given below
Solution (d)
Solution (d)
Consider the following pairs regarding the local names of shifting cultivation across the world
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
Solution (a)
Shifting cultivation is known by different names in different parts of the world Shifting cultivation is practised in the thickly forested areas of the Amazon basin, tropical Africa, parts of Southeast Asia, and Northeast India.
Statement Analysis:
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
correct | Incorrect | Incorrect | Incorrect |
Milpa – Mexico | Jhum – North-East India | Ladang – Malaysia | Roca – Brazil. |
Solution (a)
Shifting cultivation is known by different names in different parts of the world Shifting cultivation is practised in the thickly forested areas of the Amazon basin, tropical Africa, parts of Southeast Asia, and Northeast India.
Statement Analysis:
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
correct | Incorrect | Incorrect | Incorrect |
Milpa – Mexico | Jhum – North-East India | Ladang – Malaysia | Roca – Brazil. |
Consider the following pairs
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
Solution (d)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Incorrect | Incorrect | Incorrect | Incorrect |
Pisciculture: Breeding of fish in specially constructed tanks and ponds.
The breeding, rearing, and transplantation of fish by artificial means is called pisciculture. Pisciculture is a process of growing fish and selling it or using its products for domestic or commercial use. |
Sericulture: Commercial rearing of silkworms. It may supplement the income of the farmer.
Sericulture is an alternate crop to tobacco, maize, etc., which gives frequent returns to a farmer in every alternate month by an income of Rs.35000/- to Rs.45000/- per crop, such crops can be harvested 4 to 5 in a year per acre. So that the farmer can sustain his family economically. |
Viticulture: Cultivation of grapes.
Viticulture is the study and practice of cultivating grapevines, usually with the overall goal of producing fruit that is suitable for some specific end purpose. |
Apiculture: Rearing of honey bees
The scientific method of rearing honey bees is called apiculture. It is also called beekeeping, where bees are bred commercially in apiaries, are well maintained, taken care of and managed, to produce wax and honey. |
Solution (d)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Incorrect | Incorrect | Incorrect | Incorrect |
Pisciculture: Breeding of fish in specially constructed tanks and ponds.
The breeding, rearing, and transplantation of fish by artificial means is called pisciculture. Pisciculture is a process of growing fish and selling it or using its products for domestic or commercial use. |
Sericulture: Commercial rearing of silkworms. It may supplement the income of the farmer.
Sericulture is an alternate crop to tobacco, maize, etc., which gives frequent returns to a farmer in every alternate month by an income of Rs.35000/- to Rs.45000/- per crop, such crops can be harvested 4 to 5 in a year per acre. So that the farmer can sustain his family economically. |
Viticulture: Cultivation of grapes.
Viticulture is the study and practice of cultivating grapevines, usually with the overall goal of producing fruit that is suitable for some specific end purpose. |
Apiculture: Rearing of honey bees
The scientific method of rearing honey bees is called apiculture. It is also called beekeeping, where bees are bred commercially in apiaries, are well maintained, taken care of and managed, to produce wax and honey. |
Consider the following statements with respect to organic farming
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Incorrect | Correct |
Organic farming is a method of the farming system aimed at cultivating the land and raising crops in such a way, as to keep the soil alive and in good health by use of organic wastes (crop, animal and farm wastes, aquatic wastes) and other biological materials along with beneficial microbes (biofertilizers) to release nutrients to crops for increased sustainable production in an eco-friendly pollution free environment.
In this type of farming, organic manure and natural pesticides are used instead of chemicals |
No genetic modification is done to increase the yield of the crop.
|
Protecting the long-term fertility of soils by maintaining organic matter levels, encouraging soil biological activity, and careful mechanical intervention
● Nitrogen self-sufficiency through the use of legumes and biological nitrogen fixation, as well as effective recycling of organic materials including crop residues and livestock manure ● Weed, disease, and pest control relying primarily on crop rotations, natural predators, diversity, organic manuring, resistant varieties, and limited (preferably minimal) thermal, biological, and chemical intervention ● The extensive management of livestock, paying full regard to their evolutionary adaptations, behavioural needs, and animal welfare issues with respect to nutrition, housing, health, breeding, and rearing |
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Incorrect | Correct |
Organic farming is a method of the farming system aimed at cultivating the land and raising crops in such a way, as to keep the soil alive and in good health by use of organic wastes (crop, animal and farm wastes, aquatic wastes) and other biological materials along with beneficial microbes (biofertilizers) to release nutrients to crops for increased sustainable production in an eco-friendly pollution free environment.
In this type of farming, organic manure and natural pesticides are used instead of chemicals |
No genetic modification is done to increase the yield of the crop.
|
Protecting the long-term fertility of soils by maintaining organic matter levels, encouraging soil biological activity, and careful mechanical intervention
● Nitrogen self-sufficiency through the use of legumes and biological nitrogen fixation, as well as effective recycling of organic materials including crop residues and livestock manure ● Weed, disease, and pest control relying primarily on crop rotations, natural predators, diversity, organic manuring, resistant varieties, and limited (preferably minimal) thermal, biological, and chemical intervention ● The extensive management of livestock, paying full regard to their evolutionary adaptations, behavioural needs, and animal welfare issues with respect to nutrition, housing, health, breeding, and rearing |
Consider the following statements regarding the ‘Green Revolution’.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Incorrect | correct | correct |
The Green Revolution was centered around the use of the High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds (and not genetically modified). These seeds were popularly called the ‘dwarf’ variety of seeds. | The level of nutrients HYV seeds required could not be supplied with the traditional compost because they have a low concentration of nutrients. Hence, high-concentration fertilizers were required—urea (N), phosphate (P), and potash (K). | The methods undertaken under the green revolution were region-specific and limited only to Haryana, Punjab, and western Uttar Pradesh. Thus, while north-western regions developed, the regions in the northern plains like Bihar, and Odisha were not focused upon. This has increased the inter-regional disparities in India. |
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Incorrect | correct | correct |
The Green Revolution was centered around the use of the High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds (and not genetically modified). These seeds were popularly called the ‘dwarf’ variety of seeds. | The level of nutrients HYV seeds required could not be supplied with the traditional compost because they have a low concentration of nutrients. Hence, high-concentration fertilizers were required—urea (N), phosphate (P), and potash (K). | The methods undertaken under the green revolution were region-specific and limited only to Haryana, Punjab, and western Uttar Pradesh. Thus, while north-western regions developed, the regions in the northern plains like Bihar, and Odisha were not focused upon. This has increased the inter-regional disparities in India. |
Consider the following statements with reference to the Cropping patterns in India:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
correct | Correct | Correct |
Tea is a plantation crop used as a beverage. It is grown over the undulating topography of hilly areas. The tea plant grows well in tropical and sub-tropical climates endowed with deep and fertile well-drained soil, rich in humus and organic matter. Tea bushes require a warm and moist frost-free climate all through the year. Frequent showers evenly distributed over the year ensure continuous growth of tender leaves. Tea is a labour-intensive industry It requires abundant labour as well. | There are two important wheat-growing zones in the country – the Ganga- Satluj plains in the northwest and the black soil region of the Deccan. The major wheat-producing states are Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan and parts of Madhya Pradesh. | Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to December and harvested in summer from April to June. Some of the important rabi crops are wheat, barley, peas, gram and mustard. The availability of precipitation during winter months due to the western temperate cyclones helps in the success of these crops. |
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
correct | Correct | Correct |
Tea is a plantation crop used as a beverage. It is grown over the undulating topography of hilly areas. The tea plant grows well in tropical and sub-tropical climates endowed with deep and fertile well-drained soil, rich in humus and organic matter. Tea bushes require a warm and moist frost-free climate all through the year. Frequent showers evenly distributed over the year ensure continuous growth of tender leaves. Tea is a labour-intensive industry It requires abundant labour as well. | There are two important wheat-growing zones in the country – the Ganga- Satluj plains in the northwest and the black soil region of the Deccan. The major wheat-producing states are Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan and parts of Madhya Pradesh. | Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to December and harvested in summer from April to June. Some of the important rabi crops are wheat, barley, peas, gram and mustard. The availability of precipitation during winter months due to the western temperate cyclones helps in the success of these crops. |
Consider the following statements.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Incorrect |
The tea plant grows well in well-drained fertile soil that is rich in humus and organic matter. Tea bushes require a warm and moist frost-free climate all through the year. Frequent showers evenly distributed over the year ensure the continuous growth of tender leaves. | Tea cultivation is an example of plantation agriculture.
The tea plant grows well in tropical and sub-tropical climates endowed with deep and fertile well-drained soil, |
Major tea-producing states are Assam, the hills of Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala. Apart from these, Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Meghalaya, Andhra Pradesh, and Tripura are also tea-producing states in the country. |
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Incorrect |
The tea plant grows well in well-drained fertile soil that is rich in humus and organic matter. Tea bushes require a warm and moist frost-free climate all through the year. Frequent showers evenly distributed over the year ensure the continuous growth of tender leaves. | Tea cultivation is an example of plantation agriculture.
The tea plant grows well in tropical and sub-tropical climates endowed with deep and fertile well-drained soil, |
Major tea-producing states are Assam, the hills of Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala. Apart from these, Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Meghalaya, Andhra Pradesh, and Tripura are also tea-producing states in the country. |
Contour bunding is a method of soil conservation used in –
Solution (d)
Contour bunding is a method of soil conservation used in employed in hilly areas.
Earthen embankments are built across the slope of the land, following the contour as close as possible.
This helps in reducing the flow of water down the slope.
Solution (d)
Contour bunding is a method of soil conservation used in employed in hilly areas.
Earthen embankments are built across the slope of the land, following the contour as close as possible.
This helps in reducing the flow of water down the slope.
Match the following crops according to the types of tillage used:
Tillages Crops
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
Solution (a)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Incorrect | Incorrect | Correct |
Deep ploughing turns out large-sized clods, which are baked by the hot sun when it is done in summer. These clods crumble due to alternate heating and cooling and due to occasional summer showers. This process of the gradual disintegration of clods improves soil structure. The rhizomes and tubers of perennial weeds (the world’s problematic weeds viz., Cynodon dactylon and Cyperus rotundus) die due to exposure to the hot sun. Summer deep ploughing kills pests due to exposure of pupae to the hot sun.
A deep tillage of 25-30 cm depth is necessary for a deep-rooted crop like pigeon pea while moderate deep tillage of 15-20 cm is required for maize. Deep tillage also improves soil moisture content. However, the advantage of deep tillage in dry farming conditions depends on rainfall patterns and crops. It is advisable to go for deep ploughing only for long-duration, deep-rooted crops. Depth of ploughing should be related to the amount of rainfall that can wet |
Hard pans may be present in the soil which restricts the root growth of crops. These may be silt pans, iron or aluminium pans, clay pans, or -man-made pans. Man-made pans are tillage pans induced by repeated tillage at the same depth. Root growth of crops is confined to the top few centimetres of soil where deep penetration of roots is inhibited by hard pans.
For example, cotton roots grow to a depth of 2 m in deep alluvial soil without any pans. When hard pans are present, they grow only up to hard pans, say 15-20 cm. Similarly, the vertical root growth of sugarcane is restricted due to hard pans and it is not compensated by the horizontal spread. Subsoiling is breaking the hard pan without inversion and with less disturbance of topsoil. A narrow cut is made in the topsoil while a share of the subsoiler shatters hard pans. Chisel ploughs are also used to break hard pans present even at 60-70 cm. The effect of subsoiling does not last long. To avoid the closing of subsoil furrow, vertical mulching is adopted. |
Tillage operations carried out throughout the year are known as year-round tillage. In dry farming regions, field preparation is initiated with the help of summer showers. Repeated tillage operations are carried out until the sowing of the crop. Even after harvesting the crop, the field is repeatedly ploughed or harrowed to avoid weed growth in the off-season. |
Solution (a)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Incorrect | Incorrect | Correct |
Deep ploughing turns out large-sized clods, which are baked by the hot sun when it is done in summer. These clods crumble due to alternate heating and cooling and due to occasional summer showers. This process of the gradual disintegration of clods improves soil structure. The rhizomes and tubers of perennial weeds (the world’s problematic weeds viz., Cynodon dactylon and Cyperus rotundus) die due to exposure to the hot sun. Summer deep ploughing kills pests due to exposure of pupae to the hot sun.
A deep tillage of 25-30 cm depth is necessary for a deep-rooted crop like pigeon pea while moderate deep tillage of 15-20 cm is required for maize. Deep tillage also improves soil moisture content. However, the advantage of deep tillage in dry farming conditions depends on rainfall patterns and crops. It is advisable to go for deep ploughing only for long-duration, deep-rooted crops. Depth of ploughing should be related to the amount of rainfall that can wet |
Hard pans may be present in the soil which restricts the root growth of crops. These may be silt pans, iron or aluminium pans, clay pans, or -man-made pans. Man-made pans are tillage pans induced by repeated tillage at the same depth. Root growth of crops is confined to the top few centimetres of soil where deep penetration of roots is inhibited by hard pans.
For example, cotton roots grow to a depth of 2 m in deep alluvial soil without any pans. When hard pans are present, they grow only up to hard pans, say 15-20 cm. Similarly, the vertical root growth of sugarcane is restricted due to hard pans and it is not compensated by the horizontal spread. Subsoiling is breaking the hard pan without inversion and with less disturbance of topsoil. A narrow cut is made in the topsoil while a share of the subsoiler shatters hard pans. Chisel ploughs are also used to break hard pans present even at 60-70 cm. The effect of subsoiling does not last long. To avoid the closing of subsoil furrow, vertical mulching is adopted. |
Tillage operations carried out throughout the year are known as year-round tillage. In dry farming regions, field preparation is initiated with the help of summer showers. Repeated tillage operations are carried out until the sowing of the crop. Even after harvesting the crop, the field is repeatedly ploughed or harrowed to avoid weed growth in the off-season. |
Consider the following crops
Which of these are Kharif crops?
Solution (c)
The kharif cropping season is from July –October during the south-west monsoon. The kharif crops include rice, maize, sorghum, pearl millet/bajra, finger millet/ragi (cereals), arhar (pulses), soyabean, groundnut (oilseeds), cotton etc.
Solution (c)
The kharif cropping season is from July –October during the south-west monsoon. The kharif crops include rice, maize, sorghum, pearl millet/bajra, finger millet/ragi (cereals), arhar (pulses), soyabean, groundnut (oilseeds), cotton etc.
Consider the following statements with regards to the footloose Industries:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (a)
The footloose industry is a general term for an industry that can be placed and located at any location without effect from factors such as resources or transport.
Statement 1 | Statement 2 and Statement 3 |
Correct | Incorrect |
Footloose industries can be located in a wide variety of places. They are not dependent on any specific raw material, weight loss, or otherwise. They largely depend on component parts that can be obtained anywhere. | The reason for the growth of footloose industries lies in the rapid development of highly sophisticated products requiring a great deal of scientific research and development. Footloose industries enable quick product improvement of their products to suit the market demand.
Characteristic features of footloose Industries which favor the free choice of location: o light industries that often do not use raw materials but component parts o power requirements, usually only electricity — available from the national grid o the end product is small and often cheaper and easier to move; o employs a small labor force o non-polluting industries which can be located near residential areas o accessibility – needs to be near a road network |
Solution (a)
The footloose industry is a general term for an industry that can be placed and located at any location without effect from factors such as resources or transport.
Statement 1 | Statement 2 and Statement 3 |
Correct | Incorrect |
Footloose industries can be located in a wide variety of places. They are not dependent on any specific raw material, weight loss, or otherwise. They largely depend on component parts that can be obtained anywhere. | The reason for the growth of footloose industries lies in the rapid development of highly sophisticated products requiring a great deal of scientific research and development. Footloose industries enable quick product improvement of their products to suit the market demand.
Characteristic features of footloose Industries which favor the free choice of location: o light industries that often do not use raw materials but component parts o power requirements, usually only electricity — available from the national grid o the end product is small and often cheaper and easier to move; o employs a small labor force o non-polluting industries which can be located near residential areas o accessibility – needs to be near a road network |
Consider the following pairs concerning methods involved in the extraction of minerals
How many of the above pairs are not correctly matched?
Solution (d)
The process of taking out minerals from rocks buried under the Earth’s surface is called mining.
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Incorrect | Incorrect | Incorrect | Incorrect |
OPEN CAST MINING
Minerals that lie at shallow depths are taken out by removing the surface layer, this is known as open-cast mining. |
DRILLING
Petroleum and natural gas occur far below the Earth’s surface. Deep wells are bored to take them out, this is called drilling |
SHAFT MINING
Deep bores called to have to be made to reach mineral deposits that lie at great depths. This is called shaft mining. |
QUARRYING
Minerals that lie near the surface are simply dug out, by the process known as quarrying. |
Solution (d)
The process of taking out minerals from rocks buried under the Earth’s surface is called mining.
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Incorrect | Incorrect | Incorrect | Incorrect |
OPEN CAST MINING
Minerals that lie at shallow depths are taken out by removing the surface layer, this is known as open-cast mining. |
DRILLING
Petroleum and natural gas occur far below the Earth’s surface. Deep wells are bored to take them out, this is called drilling |
SHAFT MINING
Deep bores called to have to be made to reach mineral deposits that lie at great depths. This is called shaft mining. |
QUARRYING
Minerals that lie near the surface are simply dug out, by the process known as quarrying. |
Which of the following is/are prominent mineral deposit regions in North America?
Select the correct answer using the codes given below
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Correct | Correct | Incorrect | Correct |
The Appalachian region and the mountain ranges of the West. coal is mined predominantly in this region. | The Canadian shield region north of the Great Lakes. Iron ore, nickel, gold, uranium, and copper are mined in this Region | Ruhr region which is rich in coal and iron ore deposits is situated in the European continent | Western Cordilleras have vast copper, lead, zinc, gold, and silver deposits. |
Solution (c)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
Correct | Correct | Incorrect | Correct |
The Appalachian region and the mountain ranges of the West. coal is mined predominantly in this region. | The Canadian shield region north of the Great Lakes. Iron ore, nickel, gold, uranium, and copper are mined in this Region | Ruhr region which is rich in coal and iron ore deposits is situated in the European continent | Western Cordilleras have vast copper, lead, zinc, gold, and silver deposits. |
Consider the following statements:
Which of the above statements are correct?
Solution (d)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
Incorrect | Incorrect |
Pulses need less moisture and survive even in dry conditions. | Being leguminous crops, all these crops except arhar help in restoring soil fertility by fixing nitrogen from the air. Therefore, these are mostly grown in rotation with other crops. |
Solution (d)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
Incorrect | Incorrect |
Pulses need less moisture and survive even in dry conditions. | Being leguminous crops, all these crops except arhar help in restoring soil fertility by fixing nitrogen from the air. Therefore, these are mostly grown in rotation with other crops. |
Consider the following statements regarding Minerals
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (c)
Statement Analysis
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Correct |
Minerals are formed in different types of geological environments, under varying conditions. They are created by natural processes without any human interference.
They can be identified based on their physical properties such as colour, density, and hardness, and chemical properties such as solubility. Based on composition, minerals are classified mainly as metallic and non-metallic minerals ● Metallic minerals contain metal in raw form. Metals are hard substances that conduct heat and electricity and have a characteristic lustre or shine. Iron ore, bauxite, and manganese ore are some examples. ● Metallic minerals may be ferrous or non-ferrous. Ferrous minerals like iron ore, manganese, and chromites contain iron. |
A non-ferrous mineral does not contain iron but may contain some other metal such as gold, silver, copper, or lead. | There is an inverse relationship in quality and quantity of minerals i.e. good quality minerals are less in quantity as compared to low quality minerals and vice versa. |
Solution (c)
Statement Analysis
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Correct | Correct |
Minerals are formed in different types of geological environments, under varying conditions. They are created by natural processes without any human interference.
They can be identified based on their physical properties such as colour, density, and hardness, and chemical properties such as solubility. Based on composition, minerals are classified mainly as metallic and non-metallic minerals ● Metallic minerals contain metal in raw form. Metals are hard substances that conduct heat and electricity and have a characteristic lustre or shine. Iron ore, bauxite, and manganese ore are some examples. ● Metallic minerals may be ferrous or non-ferrous. Ferrous minerals like iron ore, manganese, and chromites contain iron. |
A non-ferrous mineral does not contain iron but may contain some other metal such as gold, silver, copper, or lead. | There is an inverse relationship in quality and quantity of minerals i.e. good quality minerals are less in quantity as compared to low quality minerals and vice versa. |
Consider the following statements with reference to mica:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Incorrect | Correct |
India has a near-monopoly in the production of mica, producing about 60% of the world’s total production. | Andhra Pradesh leads with a 41% share of the country’s total resources followed by Rajasthan (28%), Odisha (17%), Maharashtra (13%), and Bihar (2%), and a small number of resources are found in Jharkhand and Telangana. | Among the non-metallic minerals produced in India, mica has a unique combination of elasticity, toughness, flexibility, and transparency. It possesses resistance to heat and sudden changes in temperature and high dielectric strength. It is chemically inert, stable, and does not absorb water. Mica is mainly used in the electrical and electronic industries. It can be split into very thin sheets which are tough and flexible. |
Mica has been declared a minor mineral by Government of India.
Solution (b)
Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
Correct | Incorrect | Correct |
India has a near-monopoly in the production of mica, producing about 60% of the world’s total production. | Andhra Pradesh leads with a 41% share of the country’s total resources followed by Rajasthan (28%), Odisha (17%), Maharashtra (13%), and Bihar (2%), and a small number of resources are found in Jharkhand and Telangana. | Among the non-metallic minerals produced in India, mica has a unique combination of elasticity, toughness, flexibility, and transparency. It possesses resistance to heat and sudden changes in temperature and high dielectric strength. It is chemically inert, stable, and does not absorb water. Mica is mainly used in the electrical and electronic industries. It can be split into very thin sheets which are tough and flexible. |
Mica has been declared a minor mineral by Government of India.
Consider the following statements regarding Payments Bank:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (d)
Solution (d)
Consider the following statements:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Note: Recently, five wetlands were added to the Ramsar list. They are Magadi Kere Conservation Reserve, Ankasamudra Bird Conservation Reserve, Aghanashini Estuary from Karnataka Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary, and Longwood Shola Reserve Forest from Tamil Nadu.
Solution (b)
Note: Recently, five wetlands were added to the Ramsar list. They are Magadi Kere Conservation Reserve, Ankasamudra Bird Conservation Reserve, Aghanashini Estuary from Karnataka Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary, and Longwood Shola Reserve Forest from Tamil Nadu.
Consider the following statements regarding the ‘One Stop Centre Scheme’:
Choose the correct code:
Solution (c)
Solution (c)
Consider the following statements regarding the ‘Martand Sun Temple’:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Solution (b)
Consider the following statements regarding the recent analysis of radioactive discharges carried out by the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC):
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (c)
The recent analysis of radioactive discharges carried out by the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) reveals the following:
Solution (c)
The recent analysis of radioactive discharges carried out by the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) reveals the following:
Consider the following statements regarding the Automated Permanent Academic Account Registry (APAAR):
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Solution (b)
Consider the following statements regarding ‘India Stack’:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Solution (b)
Consider the following statements regarding ‘Fungus’:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (c)
Solution (c)
Consider the following statements regarding the Sahel Region:
Choose the correct code:
Solution (c)
Solution (c)
Consider the following statements regarding the “Bharat Ratna Award”:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Solution (b)
A tap drips at a rate of one drop per second. 600 drops make 100ml. The number of litres wasted in 300 days is
Solution (a)
We know that,
1 days = 24 hours = 24 * 60 * 60 seconds
So, 300 days = 300 * 24 * 60 * 60 seconds
Number of drops in 300 days = 300 * 24 * 60 * 60
600 drops = 100 ml
i.e. 1 drop = 1/6 ml
and 1000 ml = 1L
1/6 ml = 1/ (6*1000)L
So, the number of litres wasted in 300 days is,
(300*24*60*60)*1/(6*1000) L
= 4320 litres
Hence, the correct answer is 4320 litres
Solution (a)
We know that,
1 days = 24 hours = 24 * 60 * 60 seconds
So, 300 days = 300 * 24 * 60 * 60 seconds
Number of drops in 300 days = 300 * 24 * 60 * 60
600 drops = 100 ml
i.e. 1 drop = 1/6 ml
and 1000 ml = 1L
1/6 ml = 1/ (6*1000)L
So, the number of litres wasted in 300 days is,
(300*24*60*60)*1/(6*1000) L
= 4320 litres
Hence, the correct answer is 4320 litres
Three times the first of three consecutive odd integers is 3 more than twice the third. The third integer is
Solution (c)
Let the three integers be x, x + 2 and x + 4
Then, 3x = 2(x + 4) + 3 ⇔ x = 11
∴ Third integer = x + 4 = 15
Solution (c)
Let the three integers be x, x + 2 and x + 4
Then, 3x = 2(x + 4) + 3 ⇔ x = 11
∴ Third integer = x + 4 = 15
A man takes 6 hours 15 minutes in walking a distance and riding back to starting place. He could walk both ways in 7 hours 45 minutes. The time taken by him to ride back both ways is:
Solution (c)
Time taken in walking both the ways = 7 hours 45 minutes ——– (i)
Time taken in walking one way and riding back = 6 hours 15 minutes ———– (ii)
By the equation (ii) × 2 – (i), we have,
Time taken by the man in riding both ways,
= 12 hours 30 minutes – 7 hours 45 minutes
= 4 hours 45 minutes.
Solution (c)
Time taken in walking both the ways = 7 hours 45 minutes ——– (i)
Time taken in walking one way and riding back = 6 hours 15 minutes ———– (ii)
By the equation (ii) × 2 – (i), we have,
Time taken by the man in riding both ways,
= 12 hours 30 minutes – 7 hours 45 minutes
= 4 hours 45 minutes.
The difference between a two-digit number and the number obtained by interchanging the digits is 36. What is the difference between the sum and the difference of the digits of the number if the ratio between the digits of the number is 1:2?
Solution (b)
Since the number is greater than the number obtained on reversing the digits, so the ten’s digit is greater than the unit’s digit.
Let ten’s and unit’s digits be 2x and x respectively.
Then, (10 × 2x + x) – (10x + 2x) = 36
⇒ 9x = 36
⇒ x = 4
∴ Required difference
= (2x + x) – (2x – x)
= 2x
= 8
Solution (b)
Since the number is greater than the number obtained on reversing the digits, so the ten’s digit is greater than the unit’s digit.
Let ten’s and unit’s digits be 2x and x respectively.
Then, (10 × 2x + x) – (10x + 2x) = 36
⇒ 9x = 36
⇒ x = 4
∴ Required difference
= (2x + x) – (2x – x)
= 2x
= 8
Find out the wrong term: 2, 5, 10, 17, 26, 37, 50, 64
Solution (d)
The term of the series are (1^2 + 1)(2^2 + 1)(3^2 + 1)(4^2 + 1)(5^2 + 1)(6^2 + 1)(7^2 + 1),…………..
So, 64 is wrong and must be replaced by (8^2 + 1) i.e., 65
Solution (d)
The term of the series are (1^2 + 1)(2^2 + 1)(3^2 + 1)(4^2 + 1)(5^2 + 1)(6^2 + 1)(7^2 + 1),…………..
So, 64 is wrong and must be replaced by (8^2 + 1) i.e., 65
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IASbaba