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DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 19th September 2023

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO) Syllabus Prelims –ECONOMY Context: Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO), arrested a Chartered Accountant in Hyderabad recently. Background:- Shri Nalin Prabhat Panchal, a Chartered Accountant by profession was arrested for failure to honour the summons issued in connection with the prosecution of Nityank Infrapower & Multiventures Private Limited. About Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO):- Ministry: Ministry of Corporate Affairs. HQ: New Delhi. Establishment: As per the Companies Act, 2013, the Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO) has been established through the Government of India Notification dated 07.2015. It is a multi-disciplinary organization, consisting of experts in the field of accountancy, forensic auditing, banking, law, information technology, investigation, company law, capital market and taxation, etc. Objective: It works for detecting and prosecuting or recommending for prosecution white-collar crimes/frauds. (Shell Companies) It has five Regional Offices in Mumbai, New Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad & and Kolkata. Composition:- Headed by: a Director as Head of Department in the rank of Joint Secretary to the Government of India. The Director is assisted by Additional Directors, Joint Directors, Deputy Directors, Senior Assistant Directors, Assistant Directors Prosecutors, and other secretarial staff.  Functions:- Take up for investigation cases characterized by complexity and having inter-departmental and multi-disciplinary ramifications. substantial involvement of public interest to be judged by size, either in terms of monetary. the possibility of investigation leading to or contributing towards a clear improvement in systems, laws, or procedures. Investigate serious cases of fraud received from the Department of Company Affairs. Investigate the affairs of a company on: – on receipt of a report of the Registrar or inspector under section 208 of the Companies Act, 2013. on intimation of a special resolution passed by a company that its affairs are required to be investigated. in the public interest. on request from any department of the Central Government or a State Government.  MUST READ: CBI and ED SOURCE: AIR PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements: (2022) In India, credit rating agencies are regulated by the Reserve Bank of India. The rating agency popularly known as ICRA is a public limited company. Brickwork Ratings is an Indian credit rating agency. Which of the statements given above is correct? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.2) With reference to the ‘Banks Board Bureau (BBB)’, which of the following statements is correct? (2022) The Governor of RBI is the Chairman of BBB. BBB recommends the selection of heads for Public Sector Banks. BBB helps Public Sector Banks develop strategies and capital-raising plans. Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Kalaignar Magalir Urimai Thogai Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNMENT SCHEMES Context: Recently, the Tamil Nadu government has identified 1.06 crore women, who are eligible to benefit from the Kalaignar Magalir Urimai Thogai (women’s basic income) scheme. Background:- Chief Minister M.K. Stalin launched the scheme in Kancheepuram on September 15, the birth anniversary of the former CM. C.N. Annadurai. About Kalaignar Magalir Urimai Thogai:- Launched: September,2023. Launched by: Government of Tamil Nadu. Kalaignar Magalir Urimai Thittam is a scheme through which a monthly grant is to be provided to eligible women heads of households. Under this program, qualified women are entitled to a monthly rights grant of Rs 1,000, totaling Rs 12,000 annually. It will be effective from 15, September 2023. Objective: to give women economic recognition, and empowerment. Background:- The scheme was one of the poll promises of the ruling DMK government in 2021. During the State Budget presentation in March this year, the then Finance Minister Palanivel Thiaga Rajan announced that ₹7,000 crore would be allotted for the scheme for the current financial year. Initially, an estimated 2.2 crore women heads of families, all ration card holders were expected to benefit from this scheme. However, now the government has indicated an estimated one crore women heads of families would receive the rights grant. Eligibility:- Beneficiary families should meet the following economic criteria:- Annual income below ₹2.5 lakh. Ownership of less than five acres of wetland or less than ten acres of dryland. Consumption of less than 3,600 units of electricity per year for domestic use. Significance:- This initiative aims to enhance the economic well-being and living standards of women, ultimately fostering societal self-respect. Once implemented, will be one of the biggest cash transfer schemes implemented by any State government in India’s history.  MUST READ: SAMARTH initiative for women SOURCE: THE HINDU PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the Maternity Benefit Amendment Act, 2017? (2019) Pregnant women are entitled to three months of pre-delivery and three months of post-delivery paid leave. Enterprises with creches must allow the mother a minimum of six creche visits daily. Women with two children get reduced entitlements. Select the correct answer using the code given below. 1 and 2 only 2 only 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.2) With reference to the ‘stand up India scheme’, which of the following statements is/are correct? (2016) Its purpose is to promote entrepreneurship among SC/ST and women entrepreneurs. It provides for refinancing through SIDBI. Select the correct answer using the code given below. 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Flood Syllabus Prelims –DISASTER MANAGEMENT Context: The flood in Narmada following the release of water in Narmada Dam displaced thousands in Gujarat recently. Background:- The Narmada and other rivers are in full spate as severe rains pounded portions of Gujarat on 17, September, 2023. The rivers inundated several low-lying areas and cut off many villages in the central and southern regions of the state. About Flood:- A high water level that overflows the natural banks along any portion of a stream is called a flood. They are the most frequent type of natural disaster. They occur when an overflow of water submerges land that is usually dry. Risks: Floods can cause widespread devastation, resulting in loss of life and damages to personal property and critical public health infrastructure. Between 1998-2017, floods affected more than 2 billion people worldwide. Types of floods:- There are 3 common types of floods:- Flash floods: caused by rapid and excessive rainfall that raises water heights quickly, and rivers, streams, channels or roads may be overtaken. River floods: caused when consistent rain or snow melt forces a river to exceed capacity. Coastal floods: caused by storm surges associated with tropical cyclones and tsunamis. Causes:- Natural Causes:- Heavy rainfall and cloud bursts. Cloud burst: Heavy concentrated rainfall reduces the capacity of rivers to accept any more surface run–offs due to rainfall and as a result, water spills over to adjoining areas. Heavy melting of ice and snow. Changes in river systems and large catchment areas. Sediment deposition/Silting of river beds. Rapid snowmelt Storm surge from a tropical cyclone Tsunami in coastal areas. Man-made/Anthropogenic causes:- The collapse of dams Deforestation Increased Urbanization It has reduced the ability of the land to absorb rainfall through the introduction of hard impermeable surfaces. Flood Impact in recent years:- Between 80-90% of all documented disasters from natural hazards during the past 10 years have resulted from floods, droughts, tropical cyclones, heat waves, and severe storms. Floods are also increasing in frequency and intensity, and the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation are expected to continue to increase due to climate change. Flood Control Management:- Flood Forecasting: It involves giving prior information regarding the occurrence of floods. Reduction in Run-Off: Runoff can be reduced by inducing and increasing infiltration of the surface water into the ground in the catchment areas. (Building resilience against recurring floods) Channel Improvements and Construction of Embankments: The channels of the rivers more prone to flood are improved by deepening and widening. MUST READ: Urban Flooding SOURCE: DOWN TO EARTH PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Gandikota canyon of South India was created by which one of the following rivers? (2022) Cauvery Manjira Pennar Tungabhadra Q.2) Consider the following statements: (2020) Jet streams occur in the Northern Hemisphere only. Only some cyclones develop an eye. The temperature inside the eye of a cyclone is nearly 10°C lesser than that of the surroundings. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 and 3 only 2 only 1 and 3 only Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) Syllabus Prelims – Important Institutions Context: The Finance Ministry recently, approved various welfare measures for Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) agents and employees. Background:- Under these new measures:- The Ministry has enhanced the gratuity limit from three lakh rupees to five lakh rupees for LIC agents. It has also enabled reappointed agents to be eligible for renewal commissions. The term insurance cover for the agents has also been expanded from the existing range between three thousand and ten thousand rupees to 25 thousand and one lakh fifty thousand rupees. Furthermore, a family pension at a uniform rate of 30 percent for the welfare of the families of LIC employees has also been approved. About Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC):- IMAGE SOURCE: LIC Establishment: Ministry: Ministry Of Finance. HQ: Mumbai. Historical Background:- The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 came into force, nationalizing 17 sectors, one of which was the insurance sector. As an outcome of nationalization, the 254 private players in the insurance sector merged into the Hindustan Insurance Society and formed the LIC of India. Salient Features:- LIC is India’s largest government-owned life insurance and investment corporation. The main role of LIC is to invest in global financial markets and different government securities after gathering funds from people through their various life insurance policies. It is one of the oldest Life Insurance companies in India. (Disinvestment of LIC) Vision: A trans-nationally competitive financial conglomerate of significance to societies and Pride of India. Objectives:- Spread Life Insurance widely in particular to the rural areas and to the socially and economically backward classes. Providing adequate financial cover against death at a reasonable cost. Maximize mobilization of people’s savings by making insurance-linked savings adequately attractive. Act as trustees of the insured public in their individual and collective capacities. Meet the various life insurance needs of the community that would arise in the changing social and economic environment. International Operations of LIC:- LIC has international operations in Fiji, Mauritius, United Kingdom, Bahrain, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Kenya. MUST READ: SEBI SOURCE: AIR PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to the Indian economy, consider the following statements: (2022) If the inflation is too high, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is likely to buy government securities. If the rupee is rapidly depreciating, RBI is likely to sell dollars in the market. If interest rates in the USA or European Union were to fall, that is likely to induce RBI to buy dollars. Which of the statements given above is correct? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.2) In India under cyber insurance for individuals, which of the following benefits are generally covered, in addition to payment for the loss of funds and other benefits? (2020) Cost of restoration of the computer system in case of malware disrupting access to one’s computer Cost of a new computer if some miscreant wilfully damages it, if proven so Cost of hiring a specialized consultant to minimize the loss in case of cyber extortion Cost of defense in the Court of Law if any third party files a suit Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1, 2 and 4 only 1, 3 and 4 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2, 3 and 4 World Economic Forum's Chief Economists Outlook Syllabus Prelims –Economy Context: Recently released World Economic Forum’s Chief Economists Outlook report states that Global economic uncertainty is taking a toll on SDG progress. About World Economic Forum’s Chief Economists Outlook:- IMAGE SOURCE: WEF Published in September 2023 Published by: World Economic Forum(WEF) The World Economic Forum’s latest Chief Economists Outlook report, highlights the economic challenges that developing countries are facing. This report draws on the individual and collective perspectives of a group of leading chief economists through consultations with the World Economic Forum’s Chief Economists Community and a regular Chief Economists Survey. It explores the key trends in the economic environment, including the prospects for growth, inflation, and monetary policy. Key highlights:- The Chief Economist’s Outlook is published amid slowing global momentum and continuing economic uncertainty. Recession concerns appear to have eased, but the outlook remains anaemic as the world grapples with political and financial headwinds. There are some signs of optimism about the easing of inflationary pressures following looser labour market conditions and fading supply-chain pressures. According to a significant majority of chief economists, the weak economic outlook and geopolitical tensions are likely to have a lasting impact on global development goals in the coming years. It says that over 60% of chief economists expect the global economy to weaken in the coming year amid uncertain domestic and international politics and unsettled financial markets. A large majority (86%) expects the recent global inflationary surge to ease. The prolonged tightening of financial conditions is expected to have lasting impacts, including a squeeze on business lending, increases in corporate debt defaults, and potential corrections in property and equity markets. ( World Economic Forum’s Global Risks Report 2023 and Polycrisis) The economic outlook varies across regions for 2023-2024. The chief economists are most optimistic about growth in Asia. The outlook for China has dimmed since the May 2023 survey, following signs of deflationary pressures and fragility in the country’s real estate market. MUST READ: IMF and World Economic Outlook SOURCE: BUSINESS TODAY PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to the Indian economy, consider the following statements (2022) An increase in the Nominal Effective Exchange Rate (NEER) indicates the appreciation of the rupee. An increase in the Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) indicates an improvement in trade competitiveness. An increasing trend in domestic inflation relative to inflation in other countries is likely to cause an increasing divergence between NEER and REER. Which of the above statements is correct? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.2) Which one of the following situations best reflects “Indirect Transfers” often talked about in media recently with reference to India? (2022) An Indian company investing in a foreign enterprise and paying taxes to the foreign country on the profits arising out of its investment A foreign company investing in India and paying taxes to the country is based on the profits arising out of its investment An Indian company purchases tangible assets in a foreign country and sells such assets after their value increases and transfers the proceeds to India A foreign company transfers shares and such shares derive their substantial value from assets located in India Red-necked phalarope Syllabus Prelims –ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY Context: Red-necked phalarope was seen recently in an urban water body in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Background:- Red-necked phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus) is a shore bird that breeds in the Arctic region, that possibly made a halt during its flight to a coastal destination. About Shore bird:- Scientific Name: Phalaropus lobatus. It is a fairly small shorebird. It is known for spinning frantically on water to stir up small invertebrates. Distribution: both boreal and tundra zones between 60 and 70 degrees latitude. These phalaropes can be found in coastal regions of the Arctic Ocean, south to the Aleutians and Northwest to Britain. Migration:- In the winter, it spends most of its time on the ocean. During this non-breeding season, phalaropes can be found off central-west South America, in the Arabian Sea, and from central Indonesia to western Melanesia. Appearance:- Food: The bird mainly feeds on small aquatic invertebrates and plankton. The female are brighter than males. Females are observed to be Polyandrous: mating with more than one male. The males brood chicks and feed them. Conservation status:- IUCN: Least concern MUST READ: Bird flu SOURCE:  THE HINDU PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Which of the following is not a bird? (2022) Golden Mahseer Indian Nightjar Spoonbill White Ibis Q.2) Consider the following animals (2021) Hedgehog Marmot Pangolin To reduce the chance of being captured by predators, which of the above organisms rolls up/roll up and protects/protects its/their vulnerable parts? 1 and 2 only 2 only 3 only 1 and 3 Mains: India’s Supply Chain Opportunity Syllabus Mains – GS 3 (Economy) Context: The announcement at the G20 Leaders’ Summit on the landmark India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) has the potential to make India an Asian hub in global supply chains. About Supply Chains: It refers to the geographical location of stages of production (design, production, assembly, marketing, service activities) in a cost-effective manner. Global supply chains have been the leading model of industrial production since the 1980s, influencing the pace and nature of globalisation and regionalisation. Global supply chains can be found in a wide range of simple industries such as textiles and clothing, food processing and consumer goods, etc. and complex industries such as automotives, aircraft, machinery, electronics and pharmaceuticals. Reasons for the shift in global supply chains away from China: Supply chain bottlenecks: China’s rapid economic growth led to supply chain bottlenecks, particularly in transportation and logistics. Regulatory concerns: Foreign firms operating in China have faced increasing regulatory scrutiny. Rising wages: China’s labor costs have been steadily increasing over the years, reducing its cost advantage as a manufacturing hub. Trade war with the USA: The trade tensions and tariffs resulting from the trade war between China and the United States have created uncertainties and risks for companies with supply chains heavily reliant on China. Significant export declines: In the last quarter of 2022 exports from mainland China decreased by 15% year-on-year. Reasons for India’s emergence as an attractive supply chain hub: Global perspective: India’s ranking as the fifth-largest importer of intermediate goods in 2022 Q4 suggests a changing perception of its supply chain potential. India has the potential to double its 5% share of world exports of intermediate goods, indicating its growing role in global supply chains. India’s service sector, including IT, back-office operations, financial services, and logistics, holds growth potential. Competitive factors: India, like Southeast Asian countries, offers cost advantages to foreign companies, including cheap labor and fiscal incentives. India can complement China as a manufacturing hub, benefiting from technology transfers and creating value-added jobs. India’s automotive, pharmaceutical, and electronics assembly sectors are already advanced, positioning them as potential winners in the global supply chain landscape. India’s expanding trade horizons: The Indian government’s emphasis on preferential trade through bilateral agreements with partners like the UAE and Australia. Negotiations for a UK-India and EU-India FTA are in process. Skilled labour force: India has a large pool of skilled and educated workers, especially in sectors like information technology (IT), engineering, pharmaceuticals, and services. This skilled workforce can be beneficial for high-tech and knowledge-based industries. Diverse services offered by India’s IT sector: India excels in IT, back-office work, financial services, and logistics. Considering these factors, India is gaining attention as a key centre in global supply chains. Growing Industrial corridors: Foxconn is setting up a chip-making fabrication plant in Gujarat, and sectors like automotives and pharmaceuticals are flourishing. Strategies for enhancing India’s manufacturing competitiveness: Easy Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) policy: Need to maintain an open-door policy toward FDI in manufacturing, facilitating investment at a high level and competitive fiscal incentives. Need to create modern special economic zones as public-private partnerships. Govt policies: The reduction of business hassles through digitalisation of tax, customs, and business administration, and high-quality free trade deals is essential. Local companies need smart business strategies to join global supply chains. Support SMEs: Small and mid-sized enterprises should work as suppliers or subcontractors to these large firms. Research and Development: States need to engage with think tanks to gain insights into effective policies and practices. Focus on targeted interventions in new industrial activities with comparative advantages. Investment in tertiary-level education, particularly in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is must. Source:    Indian Express About India-Middle East-Europe Project: The project is part of the Partnership for Rail and Shipping Corridors Global Infrastructure Investment (PGII). The PGII project is being seen as an alternative to China’s Belt and Road Initiative. This corridor will connect Europe, the Middle East, and Asia through railways and the sea. Objective: to connect commercial hubs, support the development and export of clean energy, and expand undersea cables, energy grids, and telecommunication lines. India – Canada Relations Syllabus Mains – GS 2 (International Relations) Context: Recently Canadian trade negotiations with India have been postponed indefinitely due to suspension and concerns over pro-Khalistan activities. About India – Canada Relations: Political: India established diplomatic relations with Canada in 1947. Prime Minister of India’s visit to Canada in April 2015 elevated the bilateral relation to a strategic partnership. India and Canada share commonalities in Parliamentary structure and procedures. After the general election in October 2019, Mr Raj Saini, MP from the House of Common has been appointed as the Chair of the Canada-India Parliamentary Association. In India, Canada is represented by the High Commission of Canada in New Delhi. India is represented in Canada by a High Commission in Ottawa and by consulates in Toronto and Vancouver. Commercial relations: An annualised Trade Ministers dialogue has been institutionalised to review trade and economic relations. Both sides are engaged in technical negotiations for a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) including trade in goods, services, investment, trade facilitation etc. India is Canada’s 9th largest export market India exports include gems, jewellery and precious stones, pharmaceutical products, readymade garments, light engineering goods, iron & steel articles, etc. India’s import from Canada include pulses, newsprint, wood pulp, asbestos, potash, iron scrap, copper, minerals and industrial chemicals, etc. Science and Technology: ISRO and CSA (Canadian Space Agency) have signed MOUs for cooperation in the field of exploration and utilization of outer space and two Implementation Arrangements specifically addressing satellite tracking and space astronomy has also been signed. ANTRIX, the Commercial arm of ISRO has launched many Canadian Satellites. Department of Biotechnology under IC-IMPACTS program implements joint research projects in health care, Agri-biotech and waste management. Department of Earth Science and Polar Canada have started a programme for exchange of knowledge and scientific research on Cold Climate (Arctic) Studies. Security and Defence: India and Canada have signed a Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty in 1994 (operationalised in 1998) and Extradition Treaty in 1987. There is robust cooperation on counter terrorism issues particularly through the framework of the JWG on Counter Terrorism. India and Canada collaborate closely in international fora, particularly through the United Nations, Commonwealth Nations and G-20. Indian diaspora: Canada hosts one of the largest Indian diasporas in the world, numbering 1.6 million (PIOs and NRIs) which account for more than 4% of its total population. The diaspora has done commendably well in every sector in Canada. In the field of politics, in particular, the present House of Commons (total strength of 338) has 22 Members of Parliament of Indian origin. Challenges associated with the relations: Sikh extremism: Sikhs constitute a significant proportion of the Indian diaspora; they make up less than one percent (a little over 500,000) of Canada’s total population. The issue of Sikh separatist groups operating in Canada has become a growing source of tension between India and Canada. The Ontario Provincial Parliament adopted a resolution terming the 1984 anti-Sikh riots as ‘genocide’ and many other Canadian leaders also support that even today. India’s structural impediments: India still has to overcome structural impediments such as complex labour laws, market protectionism, and bureaucratic regulations. Inadequate trade: While India–Canada economic relations have made some progress; Canada remains an insignificant trading partner for India. Way Forward: There is enough potential for both India and Canada to boost the cooperation and take their relations to next level. But it requires Canadian effort by widening their Indian perspective. This can happen if India by diverting the talks from politically contentious issues. The Indian media, the government and even politicians in Punjab need to realise that Sikhs based in Canada, the U.K. and the U.S. may have different political views. Similarly, non-violent support for a cause cannot be labelled as a militant activity. Source: The Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1) Consider the following pairs: Institutions HQ 1.SEBI Pune 2.LIC Mumbai 3.RBI New Delhi How many of the above pairs are correctly matched? Only one Only two All three None Q2) Consider the following statements Statement-I: Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO) investigates serious cases of fraud received from the Department of Company Affairs. Statement-II: It has a Regional Office in Mumbai. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I Statement-I is correct but Statement II is incorrect Statement-I is incorrect but Statement II is correct Q3) With reference to the CSIR PRIMA ET11, consider the following statements: Females are observed to mate with only one partner. IUCN status is vulnerable. It is known for spinning frantically on water to stir up small invertebrates. How many of the statements given above are correct? 1 and 2 only 1, 2 and 4 only 3 and 4 only 3 only Mains Practice Questions Q.1) What are the supply chain constraints of India’s manufacturing sector? What steps have should be taken to remove these constraints? (250 words) Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  19th September 2023 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs.st ANSWERS FOR 18th September – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – d Q.2) – d Q.3) – b

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 18th September 2023

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) Shantiniketan Syllabus Prelims –ART AND CULTURE Context: Prime Minister Narendra Modi congratulated the nation on the inclusion of Shantiniketan in the UNESCO World Heritage list. Background:- Shantiniketan has been listed on the UNESCO World Heritage List on Sep 17, 2023. In a social media post, Prime Minister Modi said that this is a proud moment for all Indians. Modi said that Shantiniketan is an embodiment of Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore’s vision and India’s rich cultural heritage. About Shantiniketan:- Location: Birbhum district in West Bengal. Established: 1901. Established by: Maharshi Debendranath Tagore. Maharshi Debendranath Tagore was the father of Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore. Shantiniketan has been listed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2023. It was based on old Indian traditions and a vision of humanity’s unity that transcended religious and cultural barriers. Santiniketan grew into the Visva Bharati University in 1921, attracting some of the most creative minds in the country. The Visva-Bharati University at Shantiniketan is the epitome of the revolutionary tradition of breaking barriers of all kinds, be it castes, religions, classes, creeds, genders, cultures with a principal focus on humanities, arts, and contact with nature. Even today, Shantiniketan follows Tagore’s principles of equality. It houses a little over 10,000 students on its campuses who comprise Indian and international students within a co-educational facility. The trend of Gurukul (open-air classes) is still practiced under the campus trees. Shantiniketan is also famous for its many festivals. Some of them include:- Grand Poush Utsav: celebrated on the Foundation Day of the University. Basant Utsav: celebrated on Holi. Sarad Utsav: Autumn Festival. Magh Utsav : Founding Day of the Sriniketan campus Vrikhsharopan Utsav: Tree Planting Festival. Important Places in Shantiniketan:- Tagore’s Ashram: The Ashram complex is the oldest area of Shantiniketan where Maharshi Debendranath Tagore built Shantiniketan Griha, the first guest house. Rabindra Bhaban Museum or Tagore Museum: The Rabindra Bhaban Museum was founded just after the death of Rabindranath Tagore in 1942. Vishwa Bharati University: Established with the principal motto and objective to explore arts, humanities, language, music, dance, and folk arts, Visva Bharati’s focal point is to create oneness in diversity. Uttarayan Complex: Located in the northern part of Shantiniketan, it is a collection of five houses built by Rabindranath Tagore during his lifetime. Upasana Griha: the Prayer Hall is one of the stunning buildings in the entire Shantiniketan area. Kala Bhavan: One of the most beautifully designed blocks within the Visva Bharati University premises is the Kala Bhavan. China Bhavan: The academic blocks within the vicinity of Visva Bharati University Complex are named in accordance with the purpose, culture, and subject being taught there. Nippon Bhavan: Like China Bhavan, the Nippon Bhavan is dedicated to Japanese culture, literature, art, language and tradition. Chhatimtala: The site of Chhatimtala is considered to be sacred and is of great importance to everyone at Shantiniketan. MUST READ: Gitanjali by Rabindranath Tagore SOURCE: AIR PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following freedom fighters: (2022) Barindra Kumar Ghosh Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee Rash Behari Bose Who of the above was/were actively associated with the Ghadar Party? 1 and 2 2 only 1 and 3 3 only Q.2) With reference to Madanapalle of Andhra Pradesh, which one of the following statements is correct? (2021) Pingali Venkayya designed the tricolour Indian National Flag here. Pattabhi Sitaramaiah led the Quit India Movement of the Andhra region from here. Rabindranath Tagore translated the National Anthem from Bengali to English here. Madame Blavatsky and Colonel Olcott set up the headquarters of the Theosophical Society first here. G20 Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion (GPFI) Meeting Syllabus Prelims –ECONOMY Context: The Fourth G20 Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion (GPFI) Meeting concluded recently. Background:- The three-day meeting saw G20 GPFI delegates engaging in thought-provoking discussions on energizing growth for MSMEs, empowering consumers through digital financial literacy and consumer protection as well as key priority areas of GPFI, namely, digital financial inclusion and SME (Small and Medium Enterprise) Finance. About G20 Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion (GPFI) Meeting:- Venue: Mumbai, India. Date: from September 14-16, 2023. The meeting brought together over 50 delegates from G20 member countries, special invitee countries, and International Organizations. (India and G20 Presidency) The meeting involved discussions on ongoing work of the financial inclusion agenda under the G20 India Presidency in areas of Digital Financial Inclusion and SME Finance. A Symposium on Digital Public Infrastructure for energizing MSMEs was held on September 14, 2023. The Symposium saw a panel discussion between global experts around two key themes “Energizing MSMEs for Higher Economic Growth through Digital Public Infrastructure” and “Credit Guarantees and SME ecosystems”. GPFI members discussed GPFI work regarding the implementation of G20 GPFI High-Level Principles for Digital Financial Inclusion, Update of National Remittance Plans and SME best practices and innovative instruments to overcome common constraints in SME financing. A Symposium on “Advancing Financial Inclusion through Digital Public Infrastructure: Empowering Consumers through Digital and Financial Literacy and Consumer Protection” was also held on September 16, 2023, as part of the GPFI Meeting. The delegates attending the 4th GPFI WG meeting also visited the Kanheri Caves in Mumbai. Significance:- Through the New Delhi Leaders Declaration, the G20 Leaders renewed their commitment to accelerate “strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive growth” and “the full and effective implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” and underscored that MSMEs will be central in fulfilling both the commitments. Through two-panel discussions, eminent global panelists deliberated upon approaches to bridge the challenges faced by MSMEs through innovative measures like DPI (Digital Public Infrastructure) for bridging the credit gap, promoting transparency, enhancing affordability, and driving innovations and productivity gains. The GPFI Plenary Meeting included discussions on GPFI work regarding the implementation of G20 GPFI High-Level Principles for Digital Financial Inclusion, Update of National Remittance Plans and SME best practices and innovative instruments to overcome common constraints in SME financing. The discussions contributed towards the culmination of the remaining work of the ongoing three-year Financial Inclusion Action Plan FIAP 2020 which is in its terminal year and is being implemented by the GPFI. GPFI members agreed to continue working towards the vision of universal financial inclusion under the new G20 Financial Inclusion Action Plan. (Financial Inclusion index) The discussions included how Digital Public Infrastructure can be used for advancing financial inclusion for consumer protection and consumer literacy. ( Role of Microfinance Institutions in the Financial Inclusion) MUST READ: Role of Digital Banks in Financial Inclusion SOURCE: AIR  PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to the ‘Banks Board Bureau (BBB)’, which of the following statements is correct? (2022) The Governor of RBI is the Chairman of BBB. BBB recommends the selection of heads for Public Sector Banks. BBB helps the Public Sector Banks in developing strategies and capital-raising plans. Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.2) Consider the following statements: (2021) The Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is appointed by the Central Government. Certain provisions in the Constitution of India give the Central Government the right to issue directions to the RBI in the public interest. The Governor of the RBI draws his power from the RBI Act. Which of the above statements is correct? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) Syllabus Prelims – IMPORTANT INSTITUTIONS Context: Recently, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) has arrested seven persons including the Executive Secretary of the CMD of public sector undertaking Bridge and Roof Company India Limited in an alleged 20 lakh rupees bribery case. About the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI):- Established: 1963. Objective: to investigate cases of corruption in procurement during the Second World War. Historical Background:- It was established as the Special Police Establishment. Later, the Santhanam Committee on Prevention of Corruption recommended the establishment of the CBI. As a result, it was set up in 1963 by a resolution of the Union Home Ministry. The Special Police Establishment (which looked into vigilance cases) set in 1941 was also merged with the CBI Later, it was transferred to the Ministry of Personnel and now it enjoys the status of an attached office. Salient Features:- The CBI is not a statutory body. It derives its powers from the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, of 1946. The CBI is the main investigating agency of the Central Government. The CBI investigates the crime of corruption, economic offenses, and serious and organized crime other than terrorism. Headed by: a Director who is assisted by a special/additional director. Tenure: The Director of CBI has been provided security of two-year tenure by the CVC Act, 2003. Appointment: As per the CVC Act of 2003, the Central Government shall appoint the Director of CBI on the recommendation of a three-member committee consisting of the:- Prime Minister as Chairperson, Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha Chief Justice of India or Judge of the Supreme Court nominated by him. If there is no recognized leader of the opposition in the Lok Sabha, then the leader of the single largest opposition party in the Lok Sabha would be a member of that committee. The CBI Academy is located in Ghaziabad, UP, and started functioning in 1996. It also has three regional training centers at Kolkata, Mumbai & and Chennai. The superintendence of CBI related to the investigation of offenses under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 lies with the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC). Other matters with the Department of Personnel & Training (DOPT) in the Ministry of Personnel, Pension & Grievances of the Government of India. ( CBI and its troubles) Functions:- Investigating cases of corruption, bribery, and misconduct of Union govt employees. Investigating serious crimes, having national and international ramifications, committed by organized gangs of professional criminals. Coordinating activities of the anticorruption agencies and various state police forces Taking up, on the request of a state government, any case of public importance for investigation. The CBI acts as the “National Central Bureau” of Interpol in India. MUST READ: CBI and ED SOURCE: AIR PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to Central Bank digital currencies, consider the following statements : (2023) It is possible to make payments in a digital currency without using the US dollar or SWIFT system. A digital currency can be distributed with a condition programmed into it such as a timeframe for spending it. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) Which one of the following situations best reflects “Indirect Transfers” often talked about in media recently with reference to India?  (2022) An Indian company investing in a foreign enterprise and paying taxes to the foreign country on the profits arising out of its investment A foreign company investing in India and paying taxes to the country its base on the profits arising out of its investment An Indian company purchases tangible assets in a foreign country and sells such assets after their value increases and transfers the proceeds to India A foreign company transfers shares and such shares derive their substantial value from assets located in India TTPs (tactics, techniques, and procedures)-based cybercrime investigation framework Syllabus Prelims – SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Context: A new cybercrime investigation tool called TTPs (tactics, techniques, and procedures)-based cybercrime investigation framework was developed recently. Background:- It can help in tracking and classifying cybercrimes identifying chains of evidence required to solve the case and mapping evidence onto the framework to convict criminals, says a press release. About TTP (tactics, techniques, and procedures)-based cybercrime investigation framework:- Developed by: I-hub NTIHAC foundation (c3ihub) at IIT Kanpur with support from the Department of Science and Technology (DST). It has been developed under the National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems (NM-ICPS). It is a methodology and tool for apprehending cybercriminals’ modes of operations in a crime execution life cycle. It was developed with the help of literature study, case studies, and framework building. It incorporated pre-existing crime in the framework, evolving interactive framework navigator and mapping real cases onto the framework. The technology can create an approximate crime execution path and suggest a crime path based on a user-derived set of keywords.(Cyberattacks) It can also compare modus operandi used in different crimes manage user roles and track activity for crime paths. Significance:- It identifies the chain of evidence required to solve a case and maps evidence onto the framework to convict criminals. It could be highly effective as it restricts the number of forms and methods the investigation can be conducted and primarily relies on criminals’ TTPs. This can lead to precise and rapid conviction of cybercriminals. (Cyber Security)  About TTP Triangle:- Tactics: describe the technical objectives (the “why”) an attacker is performing an action. Techniques: describe the methods used by the attacker to engage in their attack. Procedures: the detailed description of the components used in an attack, including the tools and practices that attackers used. MUST READ:  India’s cyber infrastructure SOURCE: BUSINESSLINE PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With the present state of development, Artificial Intelligence can effectively do which of the following? (2023) Bring down electricity consumption in industrial units Create meaningful short stories and songs Disease diagnosis Text-to-speech conversion Wireless transmission of electrical energy Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1, 2, 3 and 5 only 1, 3, and 4 only 2, 4, and 5 only 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 Q.2) The terms ‘Wanna Cry, Petya, and Eternal Blue’ sometimes mentioned in the news recently are related to (2023) Exo-planets Crypto-currency Cyber attacks Mini satellites Antlion species Syllabus Prelims – ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY Context: Recently, two new antlion species were discovered in Kerala. Background:- Scientists have discovered two new antlion species of the Myrmeleontidae family of order Neuroptera from Kerala. A research team of Shadpada Entomology Research Lab (SERL), Christ College, Irinjalakuda, Thrissur, is behind the discovery. About Antlion species:- These two new antlion species belong to:- Family: Myrmeleontidae family. Order: Neuroptera. Habitat: These are found throughout the world, primarily in dry, sandy regions. Background: This is the 5th and 6th antlion species reported from Kerala and the 125th and 126th species from India. The genus Nemoleon is reported for the first time from the Oriental region. ( Expansion of the Invasive Plants) The research was conducted with financial assistance from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). Special Features:- Antlions are distinguished by their long, distinct antennae. They are commonly known for their pit-building habit. Larval stages of only some antlion genera construct the conical pits in loose, dry soil as their predation strategy. Larvae of Nemoleon do not build pits. They live under the surface in loose soils where they are protected from direct sunlight, wind, and rain. MUST READ: New genus of parasitic flowering plant SOURCE: THE HINDU PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements : (2023) In India, the Biodiversity Management Committees are key to the realization of the objectives of the Nagoya Protocol. The Biodiversity Management Committees have important functions in determining access and benefit sharing, including the power to levy collection fees on the access of biological resources within its jurisdiction. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) Consider the following trees: (2023) Jackfruit (Artoca7pus heterophyllus) Mahua (Madhuca indica) Teak (Tectona grandis) How many of the above are deciduous trees? Only one Only two All three None Mains: India’s Pursuit of Inclusive Growth Syllabus Mains – GS 1 (Society) and GS 3 (Economy) Context: Recently PM Modi said that the India is the mother of democracy, and its guiding philosophy is ‘‘striving together for inclusive growth”, as it is based on the belief that the needs and aspirations of every human being are equally important. About Inclusive Growth: Inclusive growth is economic growth that is distributed fairly across society and creates opportunities for all. The mains pillars are Wellbeing, Inclusivity, Sustainability and Equity (WISE). It seeks to reduce income inequality by narrowing the income gap between the rich and the poor. This can be achieved through progressive taxation, social safety nets, and policies that promote fair wages. Significance of Inclusive Growth: Skill development and employment creation: Building skills is a crucial component of inclusive growth because it paves the way for inclusive growth which aims to increase employment, especially for disadvantaged and marginalised people. Poverty reduction: Inclusive growth strives to reduce poverty by improving the poor’s access to opportunities and resources. G20 Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion (GPFI): GPFI serves as a forum for G20 nations, non-G20 countries, and relevant stakeholders to advance initiatives related to financial inclusion, including the execution of the Financial Inclusion Action Plan Financial Inclusion: The G20 Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion (GPFI) report prepared by the World Bank highlights that the JAM (Jan Dhan, Aadhaar, and Mobile) trinity has been instrumental in increasing the financial inclusion rate from 25 per cent in 2008 to over 80 per cent of adults in the past six years. Women empowerment: Since women are frequently left out of economic possibilities, inclusive growth aims to provide them more power through employment, education, and training. Good governance: Transparency, accountability, and efficient institutions that meet the demands of all citizens are essential for inclusive progress. Equal Opportunity: Inclusive growth works to level the playing field for everyone, regardless of socioeconomic position, gender, race, or religion. Access to basic services: Inclusive growth seeks to guarantee that all citizens have access to basic services including healthcare, education, and sanitation. Measuring Inclusive Growth: Inclusive Development Index (IDI): It is compiled by the World Economic Forum (WEF) It gives a measure of inequality based on three parameters: : Growth and development Inclusion Inter-generational equity and sustainability. Social Progress Index (SPI): It is an aggregate index of social and environmental indicators which includes the following: Basic human need Foundation of well being Opportunity It is released by the Economic Advisory Council to Prime Minister (EAC-PM). Only income inequalities are included and other inequalities like social inequality, equality of opportunities, etc are ignored. Global Slavery Index: It is released by the Walk Free Foundation of Australia. Modern Slavery means a situation where one person has taken away another person’s freedom, to control their body so that they can be exploited. Factors responsible for modern slavery: Absence of rights Lack of physical safety Access to necessities such as health care, education, food, etc Pattern of migration Challenges in achieving Inclusive Growth in India: Poverty: The Multidimensional Poverty Index 2022 places India first, with an estimated 23 crore people living in multidimensional poverty. The majority of persons in poverty are found in this nation. Unemployment: As per the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) of NSSO, the unemployment rate among the urban workforce was 7.8%, while the unemployment rate for the rural workforce was 5.3% totalling the total unemployment rate at 6.1%. Limited financial resources: Limited financial resources can impede entrepreneurship and employment creation, particularly for small and medium-sized businesses and marginalised communities. Social and cultural obstacles: Marginalised groups may encounter social and cultural obstacles that restrict them from accessing opportunities and services, such as discrimination, exclusion, and gender inequity. Agriculture backwardness: Around 44% of people in India have agriculture-related employment but its contribution to the Indian GDP is only 16.5% which leads to widespread poverty and impacts the goal of inclusive growth. Weak institutional capacity: Policies and programmes aimed at promoting equitable growth may be less effective if there is a lack of competent workers and insufficient infrastructure, among other factors. Measures taken India to achieve inclusive growth: Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY) Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana- National Urban Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NULM) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act Scheme (MGNREGA) Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP) Mudra Bank scheme Swachh Bharat Mission Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA) National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) Mission Ayushman Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana Way Forward: Although India aims to achieve inclusive growth by improving skills, education, and reducing poverty, challenges such as unemployment, regional disparities, and poverty still exist. Therefore the Indian govt along with all the stakeholders involved should continue to focus on eradicating poverty and achieving sustainable development in order to improve the lives of India’s people. Source: The Hindu Fake News: Tackling Mis-information in India Syllabus Mains – GS 2 (Governance) Context: The Karnataka govt. announced the framework for a fact-checking unit, which is proposed to be set up to tackle fake news and misinformation. In cases of misinformation, disinformation and misinformation (MDM), the government will initiate legal action under the provisions of the Information Technology Act, IPC, or Disaster Management Act, 2005. About Fake News (Yellow Journalism): Fake news or hoax news refer to false propaganda published under the guise of authentic news. It consists of false information presented as fact to manipulate people intellectually and emotionally sparking strong emotional responses and even violence. It is deliberately created to misinform the readers. Fake news can be related to anything: Commercially driven sensational content Nation-state sponsored misinformation Highly partisan news site Social media itself Satire or parody Some checks and balances exist in the mainstream media against fake news, but social media does not have such a mechanism. Causes of Fake News spread In India: Financial incentives: Some people and organizations spread fake news for financial gain. For example, Social media platforms pay content creators based on views, and divisive content can garner significant attention. Political polarisation: India’s political landscape is highly polarised, and this has contributed to the spread of fake news that reinforces people’s preconceived beliefs and biases. Social media: The rise of social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp has made it easier for fake news to spread quickly and widely. Lack of media literacy: Many people in India have limited media literacy skills, which makes them more susceptible to believing and sharing fake news. For example, according to the India Inequality Report 2022, among the poorest 20% of households, only 2.7% have access to a computer and 8.9% to internet facilities. Sensationalism in the media: Some news outlets in India prioritize sensationalism over the accuracy, which can lead to the spread of false information. Religious and communal tensions: India has a history of religious and communal tensions and fake news that fuels these tensions can quickly go viral. Consequences of fake news and content: Undermining public trust: The spread of fake news can erode public trust in traditional news sources, government institutions, and expert opinions, leading to widespread cynicism and scepticism. Violence and hate: Fake news has the potential to incite violence and hatred towards individuals or groups. The recent ethnic violence in Manipur that has been largely fuelled by rumours and fake news. Misleading public opinion: Fake news can easily shape public opinion on different issues by presenting false or misleading information. This can result in the spread of hateful or extreme ideas that can destabilize communities and societies. Spread of panic and anxiety: Fake news can create or exacerbate public fears about issues like public health crises, natural disasters, or political events. This can contribute to panic, anxiety, and other negative emotional and psychological effects. For example, Fake news of COVID Vaccines causing infertility led to panic and anxiety. Damage to reputations and livelihoods: Individuals or organizations subjected to fake news attacks can suffer reputational damage that can result in long-term loss of business or employment opportunities. For example, the Pizzagate conspiracy theory emerged during the 2016 United States presidential election which damaged the reputation of several Democrats. Recruitment and promotion of extremist ideologies: Social media platforms have been used to spread extremist ideologies, including white supremacist and far-right ideologies, among susceptible audiences. This can lead to the radicalization of individuals and promote violent behaviour. For example, Fake propaganda is spread through Fake news by organisations like ISIS to recruit terrorists. Challenges in curbing fake news in India: Low digital literacy: India’s digital literacy rate is still low, which makes it easy for fake news to spread, as people often do not have the skills to verify the authenticity of news sources. According to the India Inequality Report 2022: Digital Divide, approximately 70% of the population has poor or no connectivity to digital services. Among the poorest 20% households, only 2.7% have access to a computer and 8.9% to internet facilities. Political use: Fake news is often used for political purposes in India, especially during elections. Political parties use fake news to manipulate public opinion, which makes it challenging to control the spread of fake news. Limited fact-checking infrastructure: India has limited fact-checking infrastructure, and many of the available fact-checking organizations (PIB fact check units) are small and poorly funded. No strict rules: There are currently no strict penalties for the spread of fake news in India, which makes it difficult to deter people from creating and disseminating fake news. Opacity of social media platforms: Social media platforms are increasingly becoming the primary ground for public discourse over which a handful of individuals have inordinate control. Navigating the Legal Landscape of India’s Information: Indian Penal Code (IPC) Section 153A criminalizes acts that promote hatred between different religious, racial, or linguistic groups, and actions. Section 69A of the Information Technology Act, 2000 blocks access to information online necessary in the interest of the safety and the security of the state. Digital Personal Data Protection Bill 2023 has provisions to curb the misuse of individuals’ data on online platforms. Disaster Management Act 2005 (DMA) deals with false warnings and fake news around a disaster leading to panic. Information Technology Rules (IT), 2021 regulates content by online publishers of news and social media intermediaries. Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Amendment Rules, 2023 regulates fact checking of “false”, “fake” or “misleading” information related to the Union Government. Way Forward: In the recent times India is witnessing declining trust in news and high levels of fake news exposure, which weakens the ability of the fourth estate to function. Bringing together an ecosystem of actors and developing a full view of both the challenge and the solutions is a crucial first step to ensure we safeguard development agendas not only in India but around the world. Source: Indian Express Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1) Consider the following pairs: Organization HQ 1.Reserve Bank of India New Delhi 2.National Crime Records Bureau Mumbai 3.Enforcement Directorate Kolkata How many of the above pairs are correctly matched? Only one Only two All three None Q2) Consider the following statements Statement-I: The G20 Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion (GPFI) Meeting was held in New Delhi, India. Statement-II: The meeting involved discussions on ongoing work of the financial inclusion agenda under the G20 India Presidency. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I Statement-I is correct but Statement II is incorrect Statement-I is incorrect but Statement II is correct Q3) With reference to the Shantiniketan, consider the following statements: Tagore’s Ashram complex is the newest area of Shantiniketan where Maharshi Debendranath Tagore built Shantiniketan Griha, the first guest house. Vishwa Bharati University was established with the principal motto and objective to create oneness in diversity. The trend of Gurukul (open-air classes) is still practiced under the campus trees. How many of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 and 3 only 1,2 and 3 only 3 only Mains Practice Questions Q.1) Investment in infrastructure is essential for more rapid and inclusive economic growth. Discuss in the light of India’s experience. (250 words) Q.2) What are the India’s major challenges in effectively curbing the spread of fake news and disinformation, and what strategies and solutions can be employed to address these challenges? (250 words) Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  18th September 2023 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs.st ANSWERS FOR 16th September – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – a Q.2) – c Q.3) – b

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2023 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 19th September 2023

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :)After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken, and solutions.To take the Test Click Here

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2023 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 18th September 2023

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :)After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken, and solutions.To take the Test Click Here

UPSC Question Papers

[UPSC Mains 2023] GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 4 (GS4) ETHICS – UPSC CIVIL SERVICES (CSE) MAINS EXAMINATION 2023

Hi Please find the UPSC Mains 2022 GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 4 (GS4) ETHICS Paper below: DOWNLOAD PDF - CLICK HERE [UPSC Mains 2023] ESSAY PAPER- UPSC CIVIL SERVICES MAINS EXAM (CSE) 2023 - CLICK HERE [UPSC Mains 2023] GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 1 (GS1) – UPSC CIVIL SERVICES (CSE) MAINS EXAMINATION 2023 - CLICK HERE [UPSC Mains 2023] GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 2 (GS2) – UPSC CIVIL SERVICES (CSE) MAINS EXAMINATION 2023 - CLICK HERE CLICK HERE

UPSC Question Papers

[UPSC Mains 2023] GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 3 (GS3) – UPSC CIVIL SERVICES (CSE) MAINS EXAMINATION 2023

Hi Please find the UPSC Mains 2023 GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 3 (GS3) Paper below:         DOWNLOAD PDF - CLICK HERE [UPSC Mains 2023] ESSAY PAPER- UPSC CIVIL SERVICES MAINS EXAM (CSE) 2023 - CLICK HERE [UPSC Mains 2023] GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 1 (GS1) – UPSC CIVIL SERVICES (CSE) MAINS EXAMINATION 2023 - CLICK HERE [UPSC Mains 2023] GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 2 (GS2) – UPSC CIVIL SERVICES (CSE) MAINS EXAMINATION 2023 - CLICK HERE

UPSC Question Papers

[UPSC Mains 2023] GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 2 (GS2) – UPSC CIVIL SERVICES (CSE) MAINS EXAMINATION 2023

Hi Please find the UPSC Mains 2023 GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 2 (GS2) Paper below: 1. "Constitutionally guaranteed judicial independence is a prerequisite of democracy." Comment. 2. Who are entitled to receive free legal aid? Assess the role of the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) in rendering free legal aid in India. 3. "The states in India seem reluctant to empower urban local bodies both functionally as well as financially." Comment. 4. Compare and contrast the British and Indian approaches to Parliamentary sovereignty. 5. Discuss the role of Presiding Officers of state legislatures in maintaining order and impartiality in conducting legislative work and in facilitating best democratic practices. 6. The crucial aspect of development process has been the inadequate attention paid to Human Resource Development in India. Suggest measures that can address this inadequacy. 7. Discuss the role of the Competition Commission of India in containing the abuse of dominant position by the Multi-National Corporations in India. Refer to the recent decisions. 8. e-governance, as a critical tool of governance, has ushered in effectiveness, transparency and accountability in governments. What inadequacies hamper the enhancement of these features? 9. 'Virus of Conflict is affecting the functioning of the SCO' In the light of the above statement point out the role of India in mitigating the problems. 10. Indian diaspora has scaled new heights in the West. Describe its economic and political benefits for India 11. "The Constitution of India is a living instrument with capabilities of enormous dynamism. It is a constitution made for a progressive society." Illustrate with special reference to the expanding horizons of the right to life and personal liberty. 12. Explain the constitutional perspectives of Gender Justice with the help of relevant Constitutional Provisions and case laws. 13. Account for the legal and political factors responsible for the reduced frequency of using Article 356 by the Union Governments since mid 1990s. 14. Discuss the contribution of civil society groups for women's effective and meaningful participation and representation in state legislatures in India. 15. Explain the significance of the 101st Constitutional Amendment Act. To what extent does it reflect the accommodative spirit of federalism? 16. Explain the structure of the Parliamentary Committee system. How far have the financial committees helped in the institutionalisation of Indian Parliament? 17. "Development and welfare schemes for the vulnerable, by its nature, are discriminatory in approach." Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer. 18. Skill development programmes have succeeded in increasing human resources supply to various sectors. In the context of the statement analyse the linkages between education, skill and employment. 19. The expansion and strengthening of NATO and a stronger US-Europe strategic partnership works well for India.' What is your opinion about this statement? Give reasons and examples to support your, answer. 20. 'Sea is an important Component of the Cosmos’ Discuss in the light of the above statement the role of the IMO (International Maritime Organisation) in protecting environment and enhancing maritime safety and security. DOWNLOAD PDF - CLICK HERE [UPSC Mains 2023] ESSAY PAPER- UPSC CIVIL SERVICES MAINS EXAM (CSE) 2023 - CLICK HERE [UPSC Mains 2023] GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 1 (GS1) – UPSC CIVIL SERVICES (CSE) MAINS EXAMINATION 2023 - CLICK HERE  

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 16th September 2023

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR) Syllabus Prelims –ECONOMY Context: Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs (IICA) recently, organized a workshop on Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR). Background:- The Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs (IICA), organized a workshop on Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR) in collaboration with UNICEF and the National Stock Exchange at the NSE premises in Mumbai on September 12, 2023. The workshop aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the BRSR framework, which is based on the nine principles of the National Guidelines for Responsible Business Conduct (NGRBC). About Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR):- The BRSR framework is a mandatory disclosure mechanism for the top 1000 listed companies or businesses to report their performance on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) aspects. It demonstrates their commitment to responsible business practices. It will be applicable to the top 1000 listed entities (by market capitalization), for reporting on a voluntary basis for FY 2021 – 22 and on a mandatory basis from FY 2022 – 23. It includes:- Sustainability Reporting: disclosure and communication of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) goals. It is intended to have quantitative and standardized disclosures on ESG parameters to enable comparability across companies, sectors, and time. Environmental criteria: consider how a company performs as a steward of nature. Social criteria: examine how it manages relationships with employees, suppliers, customers, and the communities where it operates. Governance: deals with a company’s leadership, executive pay, audits, internal controls, and shareholder rights. The listed entities already preparing and disclosing sustainability reports based on internationally accepted frameworks (such  as  GRI,  SASB,  TCFD, or Integrated  Reporting) Significance:- Such disclosures will be helpful for investors to make better investment decisions. It shall also enable companies to engage more meaningfully with their stakeholders, by encouraging them to look beyond financials and social and environmental impacts. MUST READ: National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) SOURCE: PIB PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the investments in the following assets: (2023) Brand recognition Inventory Intellectual property Mailing list of clients How many of the above are considered intangible investments? Only one Only two Only three All four Q.2) With reference to the ‘Banks Board Bureau (BBB)’, which of the following statements is correct? (2022) The Governor of RBI is the Chairman of BBB. BBB recommends the selection of heads for Public Sector Banks. BBB helps the Public Sector Banks in developing strategies and capital-raising plans. Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 NeVA Project Syllabus Prelims –POLITY Context: President Droupadi Murmu launched the Gujarat Assembly’s National e-Vidhan Application (NeVA) project recently. About National e-Vidhan Application (NeVA) project:- National eVidhan Application (NeVA) is an online application. It is a Mission Mode Project (MMP) that comes under the Digital India Programme. Objective: to make all legislatures digital with the help of Information & Communication Technologies (ICT). Ministry: Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (MoPA). It is the ‘Nodal Ministry’ for its implementation in all the 31 States/UTs with Legislatures. Funding: It is provided by the MoPA. The funding of NeVA is through Central Sponsored Schemee. 60:40; and 90:10 for North East & and hilly States and 100% for UTs. The technical support by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MietY). So far, 21 State Assemblies have signed Memorandums of Understanding to implement NeVA, and funding has been allocated for 17 of them. Nine legislatures have transitioned fully into digital Houses and actively operate on the NeVA platform. Himachal Pradesh was the first Digital Legislature of the country. Significance:- NeVA epitomizes the concept of ‘One Nation, One Application’, with a mission to prioritize cloud-first and mobile-first approaches. It is to serve the Members of Legislative Assemblies more effectively. It enables automation of the entire law-making process, tracking of decisions and documents, and sharing of information. Through the cloud technology (Meghraj), data deployed can be accessed anywhere at any time. The live webcasting of Lok Sabha TV and Rajya Sabha TV is also available on this application. MUST READ: Global Digital Governance SOURCE: THE HINDU PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Which of the following is/are the aim/aims of the “Digital India” Plan of the Government of India? (2018) Formation of India’s own Internet companies like China did. Establish a policy framework to encourage overseas multinational corporations that collect Big Data to build their large data centers within our national geographical boundaries. Connect many of our villages to the Internet and bring Wi-Fi to many of our schools, public places, and major tourist centers. Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1 and 2 only 3 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.2) Regarding Digi Locker’, sometimes seen in the news, which of the following statements is/are correct? (2016) It is a digital locker system offered by the Government under the Digital India Programme. It allows you to access your e-documents irrespective of your physical location. Select the correct answer using the code given below. 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Probiotics Syllabus Prelims –SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Context: Recent studies have shown the positive role of probiotics in reducing Cholesterol. Background:- Using probiotics to reduce cholesterol is an upcoming area of interest and the research is promising. Probiotics are thought to help lower cholesterol levels via a number of mechanisms. These include helping to incorporate cholesterol into cells and adjusting the microbiome of the gut to favor the elimination of cholesterol via the faeces. In a 2018 study, researchers pooled results from 32 studies and analyzed them all together in a type of study known as a meta-analysis. The people who took probiotics reduced their total cholesterol level by 13 percent. Other systematic reviews support these findings. (Indian scientists develop a next-generation probiotic) About Probiotics:- Probiotics are a combination of live beneficial bacteria and/or yeasts. Probiotic supplements are a way to add good bacteria to our body. A probiotic community is made up of things called Microbes. We have trillions of microbes on and in our body. These microbes are a combination of: Bacteria. Fungi (including yeasts). Viruses. Protozoa. Everyone’s microbiome is unique. No two people have the same microbial cells. Even twins are different. The most common type of probiotic bacteria is Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Probiotics are also made up of good yeast. The most common type of yeast found in probiotics is Saccharomyces boulardii. Working mechanism:- We constantly have both good and bad bacteria in our body. (iNCOVACC) When we get an infection, there are more bad bacteria, knocking your system out of balance. Good bacteria help eliminate extra bad bacteria, returning the balance Characteristics of a probiotic:- For a microbe to be called a probiotic, it must have several characteristics. These include being able to: Be isolated from a human. Survive in your intestine after ingestion (being eaten). Have a proven benefit. Be safely consumed. Help your body digest food. Keep bad bacteria from getting out of control and making you sick. Create vitamins. Help support the cells that line your gut to prevent bad bacteria that you may have consumed (through food or drinks) from entering your blood. Break down and absorb medications. Probiotic-rich foods:- Yogurt. Buttermilk. Sourdough bread. Cottage cheese. Kombucha. Tempeh. Fermented pickles. MUST READ: National Institute of Biologicals (NIB) SOURCE: DOWN TO EARTH PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) In the context of vaccines manufactured to prevent COVID-19 pandemic, consider the following statements: (2022) The Serum Institute of India produced a COVID-19 vaccine named Covishield using an mRNA platform. The Sputnik V vaccine is manufactured using a vector-based platform. COVAXIN is an inactivated pathogen-based vaccine. Which of the statements given above are correct? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.2) Consider the following statements in respect of probiotics: (2022) Probiotics are made of both bacteria and yeast. The organisms in probiotics are found in foods we ingest but they do not naturally occur in our gut. Probiotics help in the digestion of milk sugars. Which of the statements given above is/are correct 1 only 2 only 1 and 3 2 and 3 Dividend distribution tax (DDT) Syllabus Prelims –ECONOMY Context: The Income Tax Appellate Tribunal has recently ordered Cognizant Technology Solutions, to pay dividend distribution tax (DDT) on Rs 19,080-crore share buyback in the assessment year 2017-18 Background:- During the assessment year 2017-18, Cognizant bought 94,00,534 equity shares from its shareholders in the US and Mauritius at Rs 20,297 per share, totaling Rs 19,080 crore. About Dividend distribution tax (DDT):- DDT was a tax imposed by the Indian government on companies distributing dividends to shareholders. Objective: taxing dividend income indirectly through the company. However, it was repealed and abolished for Indian corporations in the Finance Act 2020. Now, shareholders are taxed on dividends based on their individual tax brackets. Dividend: a return given by a company to its shareholders from its annual profits. Salient features:- It was a tax levied on dividends that a company pays to its shareholders out of its profits. DDT was taxable at source. (Bond Yields) It is deducted at the time the company distributes dividends. All local and international businesses operating in India were to comply with the DDT. However, the tax rate varied based on the tax treaty between India and the foreign company’s home country. Significance: This tax was designed to ensure the government gets a fair part of the company’s revenues. MUST READ: Increase in Direct Tax Collections SOURCE: THE NEW INDIAN EXPRESS PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to the Indian economy, what are the advantages of “Inflation-Indexed Bonds (IIBs)”? (2022) Government can reduce the coupon rates on its borrowing by way of IIBs. IIGs provide protection to the investors from uncertainty regarding inflation. The interest received as well as capital gains on IIBs are not taxable. Which of the statements given above are correct? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.2) In India, which one of the following is responsible for maintaining price stability by controlling inflation? (2022) Department of Consumer Affairs Expenditure Management Commission Financial Stability and Development Council Reserve Bank of India PM Ujjwala Yojana Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNANCE Context: Recently, the centre approved the expansion of PM Ujjwala Yojana. Background:- Addressing media after the Union Cabinet meeting, Information and Broadcasting Minister Anurag Singh Thakur said in New Delhi that under it, a total of 75 lakh LPG connections over three years from Financial Year 2023-24 to 2025-26 will be released. So far 9.60 crore LPG cylinders have been distributed under the Ujjwala scheme and another 75 lakh free LPG connections will be given to women from poor and needful families so that they can avail of the benefits from the scheme. About PM Ujjwala Yojana:- IMAGE SOURCE: AIR Launched: May 2016. Ministry: Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. Objective: to make clean cooking fuel such as LPG available to the rural and deprived households that were otherwise using traditional cooking fuels such as firewood, coal, cow-dung cakes, etc. Pradhan MantriUjjwalaYojana (PMUY) – Diversion of LPG Significance: It will help achieve the Prime Minister’s vision of universal access to LPG. Salient Features:- Ujjwala 1.0 had a target to provide deposit-free LPG connections to 5 crore women members of BPL households. The scheme was expanded in April 2018 to include women beneficiaries from seven more categories (SC/ST, PMAY, AAY, most backward classes, tea garden, forest dwellers, etc.). EMI facilities were given for stove and refill costs (Interest-free loan). Ujjwala 2.0:- The Union budget for FY 21-22, announced the provision for an additional one crore LPG connection under the PMUY scheme. Additional allocation of 1.6 Crore LPG Connections under the PMUY Scheme with a special facility to migrant households. It will provide a deposit-free LPG connection. (UJJWALA 2.0) It will also give the first refill and hotplate (stove) free of cost to the beneficiaries. The migrants will not be required to submit ration cards or address proof. A self-declaration for both a ‘family declaration’ and a ‘proof of address’ will suffice. MUST READ: Special Discussion on Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana SOURCE: AIR PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements in relation to Janani Suraksha Yojana : (2023) It is a safe motherhood intervention of the State Health Departments. Its objective is to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality among poor pregnant women. It aims to promote institutional delivery among poor pregnant women. Its objective includes providing public health facilities to sick infants up to one year of age. How many of the statements given above are correct? Only one Only two Only three All four Q.2) Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the Maternity Benefit Amendment Act, 2017? (2019) Pregnant women are entitled to three months of pre-delivery and three months of post-delivery paid leave. Enterprises with creches must allow the mother a minimum of six creche visits daily. Women with two children get reduced entitlements. Select the correct answer using the code given below. 1 and 2 only 2 only 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Engineers’ Day 2023 Syllabus Prelims –SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Context: Recently, Engineers’ Day 2023 was celebrated. Background:- It was celebrated on September 15. Engineer’s Day is also celebrated in Sri Lanka and Tanzania on September 15. About Engineers’ Day 2023:- The day is celebrated to recognize the contributions made by M Visvesvaraya in the field of science and technology. Born:1861. M Visvesvaraya was born in a Telugu family at Chikkaballapur near Bengaluru, Karnataka. He was known as the father of Modern Mysore. His full name is Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya. After completing his formal school education in his hometown, Visvesvaraya went to study BA at the University of Madras. However, he later switched and pursued a diploma in civil engineering at the College of Science in Pune. He was a pro in flood disaster management and irrigation techniques. He was recognized for his work in irrigation techniques and flood control. He was Diwan of Mysore from 1912 to 1918. Contributions: He was the chief engineer responsible for the construction of the Krishna Raja Sagara Dam in Mysore. He designed and patented automatic water floodgates in 1903, which were first installed at the Khadakwasla reservoir in Pune. In 1917, Visvesvaraya established the Government Engineering College in Bengaluru, which was later named University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering in his honour. He founded the Bangalore Agricultural University. He was a renowned precursor of economic planning in India. Awards: In 1955, the Government of India honoured him with the highest civilian honour — Bharat Ratna for his numerous industrial, economic and social projects. He was also conferred the British knighthood by King George V, earning the title “Sir.” MUST READ: Satyendra Nath Bose SOURCE: THE INDIAN EXPRESS PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Which one of the following countries has its own Satellite Navigation System? (2023) Australia Canada Israel Japan Q.2) With reference to the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), consider the following statements : (2018) IRNSS has three satellites in geostationary and four satellites in geosynchronous orbits. IRNSS covers the entire India and about 5500 sq. km beyond its borders. India will have its own satellite navigation system with full global coverage by the middle of 2019. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only None Lead Syllabus Prelims – ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY Context: Recent studies show that Lead exposure led to 30% of global cardiovascular deaths in 2019. Background:- Exposure to lead accounted for 30 percent of all cardiovascular disease deaths globally in 2019, meaning about 5.5 million people, according to a study recently published in The Lancet Planetary Health journal. The researchers used blood lead levels as an indicator to estimate the global heavy metal exposure from 2019. Key Highlights of reports:- Global lead exposure has health and economic costs on par with fine particulate matter5 (PM2.5) air pollution. Lead exposure affects poorer countries disproportionately. Despite the phase-out of leaded petrol, About 95 percent of the health impacts were observed in people living in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Deaths from cardiovascular disease were six times higher in LMICs. The average blood lead level in LMICs was 4.6 microgrammes per decilitre (μg/dL), compared with 1.3 μg/dL in high-income countries. The exposure to the heavy metal also led to the loss of 765 million intelligence quotient (IQ) points in children under the age of five. IQ loss in LMICs due to lead exposure was nearly 80 percent higher than a previous estimate — children in these countries lost an average of 5.9 IQ points. In 2019, cardiovascular disease accounted for 94 percent of mortality. In 2019, lead exposure led to global losses worth $6 trillion, or seven percent of the global gross domestic product (GDP). The number was as high as 10 percent of the GDP for LMICs in the same year. Other than cardiovascular disease, exposure to the metal can also lead to chronic kidney disease and idiopathic developmental intellectual disability — meaning damage to the brain and lowering brain development. Countries with the highest burden: Iran, Afghanistan, Yemen, Peru, Vietnam, the Philippines, and parts of Central Africa. Other reports:- Around one in three children worldwide record blood lead levels of over five μg/dL (the tolerable limit set by the World Health Organization), according to a 2020 report by the United Nations Children’s Fund and Pure Earth, a US-based environmental health non-profit. Lead:- Lead is a naturally occurring toxic metal. It is found in the Earth’s crust. In the body lead is distributed to the brain, liver, kidney, and bones. It is stored in the teeth and bones, where it accumulates over time. Human exposure is usually assessed through the measurement of lead in blood. Lead in bone is released into the blood during pregnancy and becomes a source of exposure to the developing foetus. There is no level of exposure to lead that is known to be without harmful effects. Lead exposure is Preventable. Lead is one of 10 chemicals of major public health concern by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO has joined with the United Nations Environment Programme to form the Global Alliance to Eliminate Lead Paint. Effect of Lead in the human body:- Once lead enters the bloodstream, it goes directly to the brain, particularly in children. Because there is no specific blood-brain barrier for lead that can restrict movement of the metal. MUST READ: Lead Poisoning in India SOURCE:  DOWN TO EARTH PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Bisphenol A (BPA), a cause of concern, is a structural/key component in the manufacture of which of the following kinds of plastics? (2021) Low-density polyethylene Polycarbonate Polyethylene terephthalate Polyvinyl Chloride Q.2) Lead, ingested or inhaled, is a health hazard. After the addition of lead to petrol has been banned, what still are the sources of lead poisoning? (2012) Smelting units Pens and pencils Paints Hair oils and cosmetics Select the correct answer using the codes given below: 1, 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 2 and 4 only 1, 2, 3 and 4 Mains: Gender Responsive Budgeting Syllabus Mains – GS 2 (Governance) Context: Recently UNICEF India representative Cynthia McCaffrey has said the country is being looked upon as a leader in child and gender-responsive budgeting, especially in South Asia. About Gender Responsive Budgeting (GRB): Gender budgeting is a fiscal strategy to achieve equality between women and men by focusing on how public resources are collected and spent. Gender Responsive Budgeting initiatives can help to close the gender gaps, ensuring that public money is raised and spent more effectively. India’s Gender Responsive Budgeting: GRB began in India in 2005-2006 as a fiscal innovation, every year since then the Ministry of Finance has been publishing “Gender Budget Statements” along with the Union Budget. In 2010, the Planning Commission clarified that in place of the Women Component Plan, the Ministry of Finance and MoWCD should adopt Gender Responsive Budgeting or Gender Budgeting only. The ‘Gender Budgeting Handbook, 2015’ released by the Ministry of Women and Child Development notes that Gender Budgeting is a tool for gender mainstreaming. In the 2023-24 Union budget, the Finance Minister emphasised ‘Nari-Shakti’ (woman power) and shifted the focus from women’s development to women-led development. Significance of Gender Responsive Budgeting: Achievement gender equity and equality: The Constitution of India not only grants equality to women, but also empowers the State to adopt measures of positive discrimination in favour of women. Improving Literacy: The Government has been successfully running the Vidhya shakti program with focus on female literacy. Monitoring The Achievement Of Policy Goals: GRB is a tool to monitor the achievement of the goals of the National Policy for Empowerment of Women 2001 and other policy goals. Economic Growth: Ensures allocation of resources to address specific needs and challenges faced by women and girls. The Bharatiya Mahila Bank Ltd, first of its kind in the banking industry in India and the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana besides promoting financial inclusion are emerging as a catalyst for gender justice and equality. Challenges need to be tackled: Political representation: Women comprise only 14.44 % of the 545 members of the 17th Lok Sabha. Education: According to the World Bank India report, while male literacy rate in the country is at 84.7 percent, for females, it is 77 percent. Economic Opportunities: According to the Periodic Labour Force Survey 2021-22, only 32.8 percent of women between 15-29 years were part of India’s labour force in 2021-2022, while men were at 77.2 percent. Low budgetary allocation: Despite having been in operation for almost two decades, budgetary expenditure on it remains a mere 4-5 percent of the total allocation in Union Budget 2023-24. Skewed Implementation: NITI Aayog paper on Gender Mainstreaming (June 2022) has noted that only 62 out of 119 centrally-sponsored schemes are practising GB. The paper noted that the record of Ministers associated with Environment and Climate Change, Urban Transformation, Skill etc. have done poorly. Quality gender disaggregated data: The government agencies who do not capture gender-disaggregated information from their schemes and programmes may not be able to assess the targeted expenditure towards the empowerment of women and girls. Government Initiatives toward Gender Responsive Budgeting: Safe City Project: To ensure the safety of women by strengthening public resources. Samarthya Scheme: Launched by clubbing existing women’s empowerment programmes such as the Pradhan Mantri Vandana Yojana and Swadhar Greh etc. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana Saksham Anganwadi scheme and POSHAN 2.0 Swachh Bharat Mission Beti Bachao, Beti Padao Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) Way Forward: Gender Responsive Budgeting (GRB) in India has made strides in promoting gender equality through government initiatives and budget allocations. However, challenges like disparities in education, economic opportunities, and political representation needs to be addressed as a top priority. By doing so, India can achieve Beijing Declaration’s principles and address deeper socio-economic issues beyond fiscal measures. Source: Business Standard The New Post Office Bill, 2023 Syllabus Mains – GS 2 (Governance) Context: The new Post Office Bill (2023) recently introduced in the Rajya Sabha seeks to replace the Indian Post Office Act (1898) in the light of the changing role of post offices. Key features of the bill: Exclusive privileges of the central government: The Act provides that wherever the central government establishes posts, it will have the exclusive privilege of conveying letters by post, as well as incidental services such as receiving, collecting, sending, and delivering letters. Services to be prescribed: The Act specifies the services provided by the Post Office to include: The delivery of postal articles including letters, postcards, and parcels, and money orders. The Bill provides that the Post Office will provide services prescribed by the central government. Powers to intercept shipments: The Act allows for the interception of a shipment being transmitted through the post on certain grounds. An interception may be carried out on the occurrence of any public emergency, or in the interest of public safety or tranquillity. Such interceptions may be carried out by the central government, state governments, or any officer specially authorised by them. Director General to make regulations regarding services: The Act, as well as the Bill, provides for the appointment of the Director General of Postal Services. Under the Act, the Director General has powers to decide the time and manner of delivery of postal services. Under the Act, the central government can notify charges for postal services through notifications. Examination of shipment prohibited under law or liable for duty: Under the Act, an officer in charge of the Post Office may examine a shipment if he suspects that it contains goods which are prohibited, or are liable to be paid duty upon. The officer must send a notice to the addressee inviting him to attend the examination in person or by agent. The Director General may direct the presence of two witnesses in the absence of the addressee. The Bill removes the powers of examination instead provides that in such cases, the central government may empower an officer of the Post Office to deliver the shipment to the customs authority or any other specified authority.  The authority will then deal with the item in question. Removal of offences and penalties: The Act specifies various offences and penalties.  For instance, theft, misappropriation or destruction of postal articles by an officer of the Post Office is punishable with imprisonment up to seven years and a fine. Sending certain prohibited items through post is punishable with imprisonment up to one year, a fine, or both. The Bill does not provide for any offences or consequences, except one. Exemptions from liability: The Act exempts the government from any liability related to the loss, mis delivery, delay or damage to a postal article. This does not apply where the liability is undertaken by the central government in express terms. Officers are also exempt from such liability unless they have acted fraudulently or wilfully. However, it provides that instead of the central government, the Post Office may prescribe the liability regarding its services. Significance of the bill: Authority: While the 1898 Act had focused only on mail services, the new post office Bill authorized the Director General of Postal Services to make regulations related to activities necessary for providing various such other services as the central government may prescribe, and to fix charges of them. Revision of Charges: This provision is important as parliamentary approval will not be a prerequisite for revision of charges for any service offered by post offices, including traditional mail services. Challenges associated with the new Post Office Bill (2023): Differing Legislation: There is no similar legislation for courier firms. High Control of the Government: The provision to intercept and open parcels in the course of transmission by the couriers would have given teeth to the Bill to control the movement of contraband goods in parcels. Way Forward: The bills brings welcome flexibility and modernization to India’s postal services. The Bill represents a positive step towards modernizing India’s postal services and adapting to contemporary communication needs challenges like differing legislation for courier firms remain. It balances the need for security with the demands of a competitive market. Source: The Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1) Consider the following pairs: Disease Pathogen 1.Anthrax Bacillus anthracis 2.Whooping cough Clostridium tetani 3.Tetanus Bordetella pertussis How many of the above pairs are correctly matched? Only one Only two All three None Q2) Consider the following statements Statement-I: The National eVidhan Application (NeVA) is to serve the Members of Legislative Assemblies more effectively. Statement-II: Telangana was the first Digital Legislature in the country. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I Statement-I is correct but Statement II is incorrect Statement-I is incorrect but Statement II is correct Q3) With reference to the Probiotics, consider the following statements: Buttermilk is a Probiotic-rich food. Probiotics create vitamins. Probiotics never contain yeast. How many of the statements given above are correct? Only one Only two All three None Mains Practice Questions Q.1) Discuss the key changes adopted in the New Post Office Bill 2023 to replace the Indian Post Office Act (1898). (250 words) Q.2) What is gender budgeting? How it can help in women empowerment in India? (250 words) Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  16th September 2023 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs.st ANSWERS FOR 15th September – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – a Q.2) – d Q.3) – b

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2023 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 16th September 2023

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :)After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken, and solutions.To take the Test Click Here

UPSC Question Papers

[UPSC Mains 2023] GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 1 (GS1) – UPSC CIVIL SERVICES (CSE) MAINS EXAMINATION 2023

Hi Please find the UPSC Mains 2023 GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 1 (GS1) Paper below: 1. Explain the role of geographical factors towards the development of Ancient India. 2. What was the difference between Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore in their approach towards education and nationalism? 3. Bring out the socio-economic effects of the introduction of railways in different countries of the world. 4. Discuss the consequences of climate change on the food security in tropical countries. 5. Why is the world today confronted with a crisis of availability of and access to freshwater resources? 6. How are the fords formed? Why do they constitute some of the most picturesque areas of the world? 7. Why is the South-West Monsoon called Purvaiya' (easterly) in Bhojpur Region? How has this directional seasonal wind system influenced the cultural ethos of the region? 8. Do you think marriage as a sacrament is loosing its value in Modern India? 9. Explain why suicide among young women is increasing in Indian society. 10. Child cuddling is now being replaced by mobile phones. Discuss its impact on the socialization of children. 11. What are the main features of Vedic society and religion? Do you think some of the features are still prevailing in Indian society? 12. What were the major technological changes introduced during the Sultanate period? How did those technological changes influence the Indian society? 13. How did the colonial rule affect the tribals in India and what was the tribal response to the colonial oppression? 14. Comment on the resource potentials of the long coastline of India and highlight the status of natural hazard preparedness in these areas. 15. Identify and discuss the factors responsible for diversity of natural vegetation in India. Assess the significance of wildlife sanctuaries in rain forest regions of India. 16. Why did human development fail to keep pace with economic development in India? 17. From being net food importer in 1960s, India has emerged as a net food exporter to the world. Provide reasons 18. Does urbanization lead to more segregation and/or marginalization of the poor in Indian metropolises? 19. Why is caste identity in India both fluid and static? 20. Discuss the impact of post-liberal economy on ethnic identity and communalism.         DOWNLOAD PDF - CLICK HERE [UPSC Mains 2023] ESSAY PAPER- UPSC CIVIL SERVICES MAINS EXAM (CSE) 2023 - CLICK HERE