Jul 5, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 5th July 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   NEED FOR AN INTERNAL SECURITY PLAN Syllabus Mains – GS 3 Context: As the 3rd NDA government has settled into seat firmly, it should now start focussing on multitude of internal security challenges. Background:- A country projects its strength at the international level in direct proportion to its internal cohesion, its ability to resolve the differences within and not have  any swamps where terrorists or extremists of any shade can breed. The government should have a well-orchestrated plan for the next five years. On internal security, the following nine points should merit serious attention: One, need of internal security doctrine: All major powers have a national security doctrine (NSD) which outlines the internal and external challenges facing the country and prescribe the policies for dealing with them. Lack of an NSD results in ad hoc responses to security challenges, especially during government transitions. Two, Internal Security Ministry: The Ministry of Home Affairs has become too large and unwieldy, causing internal security issues to be neglected. A dedicated minister for internal security within the MHA is urgently needed. Three, Jammu and Kashmir: The state is far from normal in spite of the Home Minister’s claim that terror incidents are down by 66 per cent since the abrogation of Article 370. The government must take early steps to reorganise the security grid, restore statehood to J&K and hold elections for the Assembly. Four, the Northeast: A Framework Agreement signed with the rebel Nagas in 2015 had raised hopes, but these remain unfulfilled because of the NSCN (IM)’s insistence on a separate flag and constitution. The government should meanwhile insist on rigorous implementation of the suspension of operations agreement and ensure that the rebels do not engage in extortion and forcible recruitments. Manipur has been a disaster. The Home Ministry’s formation of a multi-ethnic peace committee has not been productive;The problems of illegal migration, drug trafficking and arms smuggling would require a comprehensive approach. Five, the naxal problem: There is a consistent decline in violence and shrinkage of the geographical spread of left-wing extremism’s (LWE) influence. With Naxals on the backfoot, it is now time for the healing touch. The government should offer them the olive branch, persuade them to come to the negotiating table, address their genuine grievances, and try to mainstream them. Six, Intelligence Bureau/CBI: The two premier central police organisations, Intelligence Bureau and the CBI, require restructuring. The IB was set up through an administrative order on December 23, 1887. It is high time that it is given a statutory basis, with safeguards to prevent the misuse of intelligence to bolster the party in power. The CBI was set up through a resolution passed in 1963, and it derives the power to investigate from the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946. It is an anomalous arrangement and, as recommended in the 24th report of the parliamentary committee, “the need of the hour is to strengthen the CBI in terms of legal mandate, infrastructure and resources”. Seven, state police: There is a need for transformation of the “Ruler’s Police” that we have inherited from the British into the “People’s Police”. Robert Peel, former British prime minister, is remembered to this day for having reformed the country’s police. Eight, Central Armed Police Forces. The CAPFs with an overall strength of more than a million are beset with serious internal problems of unplanned expansion, haphazard deployment, inadequate training, falling standards of discipline, vague criteria for the selection of top officers, friction between cadre and All India Service officers, etc. Nine, technology: There is enormous scope for technological inputs into the functioning of police in the country. These inputs would act as force multipliers. Source: Indian Express NATIONAL QUANTUM MISSION Syllabus Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: India have done the right thing by launching a Rs 6,000 crore-worth National Quantum Mission to develop some of the most sought-after technologies for the future, but it will have to overcome a significantly large gap that currently exists between its capabilities and those of other leading countries in these areas like the U S and China, a new assessment of India’s potential in quantum technologies has revealed. Background: The assessment by Itihaasa, a non-profit, shows that India was just one among 17 countries to have a dedicated government programme to back research in quantum technologies, and one of the 12 to have committed separate investments for the purpose. But several countries were much ahead of India, not just in terms of funding for research and development but also in their current capabilities. About NATIONAL QUANTUM MISSION The Union Cabinet, approved the National Quantum Mission (NQM) on 19thApril 2023 at a total cost of Rs.6003.65 crore from 2023-24 to 2030-31, aiming to seed, nurture and scale up scientific and industrial R&D and create a vibrant & innovative ecosystem in Quantum Technology (QT). The Mission objectives include developing intermediate-scale quantum computers with 50-1000 physical qubits in 8 years, Satellite-based secure quantum communications between ground stations over a range of 2000 kilometers within India, long-distance secure quantum communications with other countries, inter-city quantum key distribution over 2000 km as well as multi-node Quantum networks with quantum memories The National Quantum Mission will also focus on: developing magnetometers with high sensitivity in atomic systems and Atomic Clocks for precision timing, communications, and navigation. It will also support the design and synthesis of quantum materials such as superconductors, novel semiconductor structures, and topological materials for the fabrication of quantum devices. Single photon sources/detectors, and entangled photon sources will also be developed for quantum communications, sensing, and metrological applications. Mission Implementation includes setting up of four Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs) in top academic and National R&D institutes in the domains: Quantum Computing Quantum Communication Quantum Sensing & Metrology Quantum Materials & Devices The hubs which will focus on generation of new knowledge through basic and applied research as well as promote R&D in areas that are mandated to them. The Mission would greatly benefit various sectors including communication, health, financial, energy with applications in drug design, space, banking, security etc. Source: Indian Express ZIKA VIRUS Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: With eight cases of the mosquito-borne Zika infection being reported from Maharashtra, the Centre’s Director-General of Health Services Wednesday asked states to focus on screening pregnant women for the virus and monitor the growth of their foetuses Background: Zika is a mosquito-borne virus, similar to dengue fever, yellow fever and West Nile virus. The infection is associated with a birth defect called microcephaly, which can affect babies born to people who become infected with Zika while pregnant. What is Zika? Zika is an infectious disease caused by a virus. The virus is carried by infected mosquitoes, including the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus species. The infection itself (sometimes called Zika fever) is usually mild and goes away on its own. However, the impact of the virus has most significantly been seen in pregnant women and their fetuses. How is Zika spread? Zika virus is primarily spread through the bite of infected mosquitos. If a pregnant woman is bitten by an infected mosquito, the infection can cross the placenta, infecting the fetus. The virus has also been transmitted through blood transfusion or laboratory exposure. Sexual transmission of the Zika virus can occur. Zika Virus Symptoms Only about 1 in 5 people infected with Zika will exhibit symptoms, and they will be mostly mild. The most common symptoms of Zika virus infection are: Fever Zika rash: red spots that may be flat, raised or both Arthralgia (joint pain) Conjunctivitis (red, inflamed eyes) Headache Symptoms will usually last several days to a week, and clear up on their own. It is rare for Zika virus to cause severe illness that requires hospitalization. Zika Diagnosis Zika virus infection is diagnosed by a blood test. A urine test may also be appropriate if you have recently had or currently have symptoms. There is currently no vaccine or medication available to prevent or treat Zika virus infection. Source: Indian Express NOMADIC ELEPHANT Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: The 16th edition of India-Mongolia Joint Military Exercise NOMADIC ELEPHANT commenced on 3rd July. Background: Indian contingent comprising of 45 personnel is being represented by a Battalion of SIKKIM SCOUTS along with personnel from other arms and services. The Mongolian contingent is being represented by personnel from 150 Quick Reaction Force Battalion of the Mangolian Army. About NOMADIC ELEPHANT The Nomadic Elephant exercise is a bilateral military exercise conducted by the armies of India and Mongolia. The exercise is conducted annually, alternating between India and Mongolia. The purpose of the exercise is to conduct semi-conventional operations in semi-urban and mountainous terrain under the UN mandate. The aim of the Exercise is to enhance joint military capability of both sides to undertake counter insurgency operations in a Sub Conventional scenario under Chapter VII of the United Nations Mandate. The exercise will focus on operations in the semi-urban and mountainous terrain. Tactical drills during the Exercise include Response to a Terrorist Action, Establishment of a Joint Command Post, Establishment of an Intelligence & Surveillance Centre, Securing of a Helipad/ Landing Site, Small Team Insertion & Extraction, Special Heliborne Operations, Cordon & Search Operations besides Employment of Drones and Counter Drone Systems amongst others. The 16th edition of exercise is scheduled to be conducted from 03rd to 16th July 2024 in Meghalaya. The 15th edition of the exercise was held in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Source: PIB BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER Syllabus Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: The death toll from the Assam flood crisis has risen to 56 with an estimated 16 lakh people affected across 29 districts, as water levels of Brahmaputra and its tributaries surge, official figures stated. Background: Rivers including the Brahmaputra, Digaru, and Kollong are flowing above the danger mark, submerging large areas of land in the Assam. About BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER : The Brahmaputra River is a trans-boundary river that flows through Tibet (China), Northeastern India, and Bangladesh. It originates from the Chemayungdung glacier near Mount Kailash in the Himalayas (Tibet) and is known as the Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibetan. After entering India near the village of Gelling in Arunachal Pradesh, it flows southwest through the Assam Valley as the Brahmaputra. The river crosses Assam and enters Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, the Brahmaputra River is known as the Jamuna, and when it joins the Ganga, they together form the mighty Padma River and finally drains into the Bay of Bengal. Dibang River, Lohit River, Dhansiri River, Kameng River, Manas River, Teesta River, Subansiri River are the major tributaries of River Brahmaputra. Source: Business Standard TUTICORIN PORT Syllabus Prelims – Geography Context: JSW Tuticorin Multipurpose Terminal Private Ltd., a subsidiary of JSW Infrastructure, has finalized a concession agreement with the V.O. Chidambaranar Port Authority in Tamil Nadu to develop a new cargo berth at the port. Background: This initiative aims to enhance cargo handling capabilities and leverage the rich hinterland with diverse cargo profiles, including dry bulk, coal, limestone, gypsum, rock phosphate, and copper concentrate. About TUTICORIN PORT : The V.O. Chidambaranar Port, also known as the Tuticorin Port, is one of the major ports in India. It is situated in Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu. This artificial port was declared a major port on July 11, 1974. The port is named after V.O. Chidambaram Pillai, an eminent freedom fighter, and continues to play a crucial role in India’s maritime trade. It serves as the second-largest port in Tamil Nadu and the fourth-largest container terminal in the country. The port operates round the clock throughout the year and plays a crucial role in supporting export-import (EXIM) trade. Tamil Nadu has three major ports: V. O. Chidambaranar Port (Tuticorin) and Kamajar Port (Ennore) and Chennai Port. These ports, along with an intermediate port at Nagapattinam, play a crucial role in facilitating trade and commerce in the state. Source: Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.)With reference to the Brahmaputra River, consider the following statements: It is a trans-boundary river that flows through China, Bangladesh and India. It originates from the Chemayungdung glacier near Mount Kailash. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q2.) Consider the following Major ports in India Jawaharlal Nehru Port O. Chidambaranar Port Kamajar Port Cochin Port How many of the above-mentioned ports are located in Tamil Nadu? Only one Only two Only three All four Q3.) The Nomadic Elephant exercise is a bilateral military exercise conducted by the armies of India and Bangladesh France and China India and Mongolia Israel and Russia Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ 5th July 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs.st ANSWERS FOR  4th July – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) –  d Q.2) – b Q.3) – b

Jul 5, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 5th July 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. To take the Test Click Here

Jul 4, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 4th July 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   ABHAYA MUDRA Syllabus Prelims & Mains – Art & Culture Context: In his first speech as Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha, Rahul Gandhi on Monday invoked the abhaya mudra, the gesture of the raised open palm that is commonly understood as conveying reassurance and a freedom from fear. Background:- According to Buddhist legend, Devadatta, a cousin and a disciple of the Buddha, upon not being granted the special treatment he expected, plotted to harm the Buddha . He fed a wild elephant intoxicants and drove her on the Buddha’s path. As the disciples scattered before the charging animal, the Buddha raised his hand in the abhaya mudra. The elephant is said to have calmed down immediately, gone down on her knees, and bowed her head to the Buddha. Key takeaways In Sanskrit, the term mudra could mean a seal, mark, sign, or currency, but in the Buddhist context, it refers to “hand and arm gestures made during the course of ritual practice or depicted in images of buddhas, bodhisattvas, tantric deities, and other Buddhist images. Mudras are most commonly associated with visual depictions of the Buddha (or Buddharupa), with different gestures conveying different moods and meanings, signifying the subtle manifestations of the Buddha’s states of realisation. The earliest depictions of the Buddha in physical form date to roughly around the turn of the first millennium. Depictions started appearing in the Gandhara art from the northwestern edge of the Indian subcontinent. In the earliest depictions of Buddharupa, four mudras can be found: the abhaya mudra, or “gesture of fearlessness”; the bhumisparsha mudra, or “Earth-touching gesture”; the dharmachakra mudra, or “gesture of the wheel of dharma”; and the dhyana mudra, or “gesture of meditation”. Gesture of fearlessness The abhaya mudra is described as one typically formed with the palm of the right hand facing outward at shoulder height and the fingers pointing up. Occasionally, the index, second, or third finger touches the thumb, with the remaining fingers extended upward. In some cases, both hands may simultaneously be raised in this posture in a double abhayamudra. In Buddhist tradition, the abhaya mudra is associated with the Buddha immediately after he obtained Enlightenment, “portraying a sense of the security, serenity, and compassion that derive from enlightenment”. The gesture of fearlessness also identifies the moment when Shakyamuni (the Buddha) tamed the mad elephant, illustrating the Buddha’s ability to grant fearlessness to his followers. This is why the abhaya mudra is also seen as a “gesture of protection” or “gesture of granting refuge”. Over time, the abhaya mudra appeared in depictions of Hindu deities, and the Buddha himself was absorbed into the Hindu pantheon as the ninth avatar of the Puranic god Vishnu. As multiple traditions, practices, and cultural influences mingled in the great melting pot of the Hindu religion, manifestations were seen in art and visual depiction of gods. The abhaya mudra was seen in the depictions, most commonly of Lord Shiva, Lord Vishnu, and Lord Ganesha. Source: Indian Express CRITICAL MINERAL RECYCLING: GOVT PLANS PLI SCHEME TO BOOST CIRCULAR ECONOMY Syllabus Prelims & Mains – ECONOMY Context: The Ministry of Mines is in the initial stages of designing a Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme to boost the recycling of critical minerals in India. Background: This move aims to foster a circular economy and bolster domestic supply chains, following a lacklustre response to recent auctions of critical mineral blocks. Critical Minerals Critical minerals are those minerals that areessential for economic development and national security, the lack of availability of these minerals or concentration of extraction or processing in a few geographical locations may lead to supply chain vulnerabilities. The Government India has identified 30 minerals as Critical Minerals. The30 critical minerals are Antimony, Beryllium, Bismuth, Cobalt, Copper, Gallium, Germanium, Graphite, Hafnium, Indium, Lithium, Molybdenum, Niobium, Nickel, PGE, Phosphorous, Potash, REE, Rhenium, Silicon, Strontium, Tantalum, Tellurium, Tin, Titanium, Tungsten, Vanadium, Zirconium, Selenium and Cadmium. They are elements that are the building blocks of essential modern-day technologies.These minerals are now used everywhere from making mobile phones, and computers to batteries, electric vehicles, and green technologies like solar panels and wind turbines. Based on their individual needs and strategic considerations, different countries create their own lists. Proposed PLI Scheme and its need The proposed PLI scheme aligns with policy recommendations from NITI Aayog and complements the Battery Waste Management Rules (BWMR), 2022, which mandate phased recycling of used electric vehicle (EV) lithium-ion batteries from 2026 onwards. The PLI scheme, while yet to be finalised, will target e-waste recycling– often referred to as “urban mining”– to recover critical minerals such as lithium, copper, cobalt, graphite, chromium, and silicon. These minerals are crucial for clean energy technologies like solar PV modules, wind turbines, energy storage systems, and EVs, as well as consumer electronics. Some recyclers argue the scheme should benefit only those extracting high-purity critical minerals suitable for reuse as primary inputs. Others advocate for a wider scope that includes the production of black mass, which is shredded and processed e-waste rich in minerals including lithium, manganese, cobalt, and nickel, since most Indian recyclers currently lack capacities to extract battery-grade minerals from black mass. India’s e-waste generation is poised to surge, driven by rapid growth in solar and wind energy infrastructure and EV adoption. Industry estimates project solar PV module waste to jump from 100 kilotonnes (kt) in FY23 to 340 kt by 2030. Additionally, 500 kt of EV batteries are expected to reach recycling units in the coming years. Research indicates that recycling critical minerals can significantly reduce the need for virgin ores and new mines. The need to incentivise the growth of critical mineral recycling has become all the more urgent after most critical mineral blocks offered by the Mines Ministry failed to pass the technical bids stage, which requires at least three eligible bidders. This indicates a lack of investor interest in domestic mining of critical minerals. For Your Information: The new incentives will also build on the Battery Waste Management Rules (BWMR) notified in 2022 by the Central Pollution Control Board. These rules mandate that producers of batteries containing lithium, nickel, cobalt, and lead ensure environmentally sound management of waste batteries through Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) compliance. EPR compliance, based on the polluter pays principle, holds producers accountable for managing the waste generated by their products. Producers can meet compliance by trading credits with recyclers Source: Indian Express UNCHECKED URBAN EXPANSION Syllabus Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: Unchecked and ill-thought-out urban expansion is the principal reason behind chronic urban flooding in Delhi, and the larger National Capital Region (NCR). Background: Last week, a spell of heavy rain brought parts of Delhi to a standstill. Streets across the city and in the larger NCR were inundated, leading to hours-long traffic block. Water-logging also led to lengthy power cuts, property damage, and loss of life. Rapidly growing city : Delhi is undergoing one of the world’s fastest urban expansions. According to data from NASA’s Earth Observatory, the geographic size of Delhi almost doubled from 1991 to 2011. Most of this expansion has occurred on the peripheries of New Delhi, with erstwhile rural areas becoming engulfed in the capital’s urban sprawl. Cities outside Delhi, but a part of the NCR — Bahadurgarh, Ghaziabad, Faridabad, Noida, and Gurugram — have also witnessed rapid urbanisation. According to the United Nations’ The World’s Cities in 2018 data booklet, Delhi will overtake Tokyo as the world’s most populous city by 2030, with an estimated population of nearly 39 million, roughly two and a half times its population in 2000. Topography and drainage Urban expansion, however, has paid little heed to Delhi’s natural topography. Topography determines drainage patterns. If one looks at Delhi’s historic cities — from Tughlakabad, Mehrauli, and Shahjahanabad to Civil Lines, New Delhi, and the Cantonment area — all were carefully selected, and built on higher ground. This allowed rainwater to drain out. But as the city has expanded, not enough thought has gone behind building with regards to the land’s drainage capacities. Thus, with high-intensity rain there is significant run-off (unconfined flow of water, which occurs when there is more water on the land’s surface than it can absorb), and existing drainage systems have been inadequate. Concrete everywhere Due to urbanisation, water cannot simply flow down the existing natural gradient. Today, much of the water gets channelised into concretised nallahs (drains), which have been turned into sewage dumps. Construction in low-lying areas only makes things worse. For instance, many nallahs from across South Delhi, as far as Chanakyapuri and R K Puram, converge at Sarai Kale Khan, a low-lying area in South East Delhi, next to the Yamuna. This is why the urban village sees intense flooding every year. Construction in Delhi’s flood plains began as early as the 1900s, when the British decided to build a railway line along the river bed. Need for water masterplan Urban planners need to come up with a “water masterplan”. There has been a consistent neglect of water as a planning resource. No comprehensive planning taking into account the city’s clean and waste water flows has been carried out in the last 70 years. This is why, for example, the new Pragati Maidan Tunnel, inaugurated in 2022, has been flooded each monsoon. Water bodies which can help manage flooding have also been systematically destroyed. According to official records, Delhi has some 1,000 water bodies. But on the ground there are not more than 400. These 600 ‘missing’ water bodies which could have managed flooding in the city have been filled up, and converted into valuable real estate. Unless we stop building in low-lying areas, de-concretise our lawns and pavements, and stop blocking the drains with solid waste, the floods won’t stop. Understanding gradients and working with the lay of the land is crucial. Source: Indian Express TALLEY WILDLIFE SANCTUARY Syllabus Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: Recently, a team of researchers from the Zoological Survey of India recorded the forest-dwelling frog from the Talley Wildlife Sanctuary and named it as Xenophrys apatani. Background: The discovery was made by a team of researchers from the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) in Shillong, in collaboration with their colleagues from ZSI, Pune, and ZSI, Itanagar. About Talley Valley Talley Valley Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area located in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. The sanctuary ranges in elevation from 1,200 to 3,000 meters (3,900 to 9,800 feet) and features subtropical and temperate broadleaved and conifer forests. Notable species include the clouded leopard, Malayan giant squirrel, Indian muntjac, and Asian palm civet. Additionally, 130 bird species have been observed, including the black eagle, collared owlet, and Verditer flycatcher. The sanctuary is also home to 16 endangered plant species, such as Panax sikkimensis, Acer hookeri, and Lilium grandiflora. Xenophrys Apatani The Xenophrys apatani is a newly discovered species of horned frog found in the Tale Wildlife Sanctuary in Arunachal Pradesh, India. It has been named after the Apatani tribe, which predominantly resides in the Lower Subansiri Valley of Arunachal Pradesh. It is distributed along the Eastern Himalayan and the Indo-Burma biodiversity hot spots of the country. Source: Hindu VANUATU Syllabus Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: The government of Vanuatu will soon settle into a suite of new buildings funded by China, a move which has reignited concerns about Beijing’s reach in the South Pacific nation. Background: This initiative underscores China’s strategic interests in the Pacific islands, where it has funded major infrastructure upgrades across the archipelago, competing with Western rivals for influence. About Vanuatu : Vanuatu is an island country consisting of a chain of 13 principal and many smaller islands located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. These islands are situated approximately east of Australia. The islands extend north-south in an irregular Y shape. The northernmost group is the Torres Islands, and southward from there, the main islands include Vanua Lava, Santa Maria (Gaua), Espiritu Santo, Aoba (Ambae), Maéwo, Pentecost, Malakula, Ambrym, Épi, Éfaté, Erromango, Tanna, and Anatom. Formerly the jointly administered Anglo-French condominium of the New Hebrides, Vanuatu achieved independence in 1980. The capital, largest city, and commercial centre is Port-Vila (Vila), on Éfaté. Source: Hindu SENNA SPECTABILIS Syllabus Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: The Forest Department has cleared 356.50 hectares of invasive growth that posed a threat to biodiversity conservation in Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve (STR). Background: Senna spectabilis (Calceolaria shower), a species of the legume family, is native to South and Central America and is grown as an ornamental plant as it has bright yellow flowers. Introduced as shade trees for coffee and firewood in the country, it soon became a threat to native tree species. SENNA SPECTABILIS: Senna spectabilis is a deciduous tree native to tropical areas of America. It grows rapidly, reaching heights of 15 to 20 meters in a short period. After flowering, it distributes thousands of seeds. The tree’s thick foliage hinders the growth of indigenous trees and grass species, causing food shortages for wildlife, especially herbivores. It adversely affects native species’ germination and growth. Classified as ‘Least Concern’ on the IUCN Red List. Invasive Species: Invasive species cause ecological or economic harm in new environments where they are not native. They compete with native organisms, alter habitats, and reduce biodiversity. Source: Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Vanuatu island, recently seen in news located in Black Sea Caspian Sea Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean Q2.) Senna spectabilis, recently seen in news is Horned frog Invasive plant Rare disease Spider Q3.) Talley Valley Wildlife Sanctuary, recently seen in news located in Meghalaya Arunachal Pradesh Assam Tripura Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  4th July 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs.st ANSWERS FOR  3rd July – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) –  b Q.2) – d Q.3) – d

Jul 4, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 4th July 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. To take the Test Click Here

Jul 3, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 3rd July 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   SHOULD EDUCATION BE BROUGHT BACK TO THE STATE LIST? Syllabus Prelims & Mains – Polity , Education Context: With controversies erupting over the conduct of exams by National Testing agency (NTA), the question of whether education should be brought back to state list has arisen again. Background:- The NEET-UG exam has been embroiled in controversies over the award of grace marks, allegation of paper leaks and other irregularities. The government also cancelled the UGC-NET exam after it was held, while the CSIR-NET and NEET-PG exams have been postponed. Key takeaways The Government of India Act, 1935 during the British rule created a federal structure for the first time in our polity. The legislative subjects were distributed between the federal legislature (present day Union) and provinces (present day States). Education which is an important public good was kept under the provincial list. After independence, this continued and education was part of the ‘State list’ under the distribution of powers. However, during the Emergency, the Congress party constituted the Swaran Singh Committee to provide recommendations for amendments to the Constitution. One of the recommendations of this committee was to place ‘education’ in the concurrent list in order to evolve all-India policies on the subject. This was implemented through the 42nd constitutional amendment (1976) by shifting ‘education’ from the State list to the concurrent list. There was no detailed rationale that was provided for this switch and the amendment was ratified by various States without adequate debate. The Janata Party government led by Morarji Desai that came to power after Emergency passed the 44th constitutional amendment (1978) to reverse many of the controversial changes made through the 42nd amendment. One of these amendments that was passed in the Lok Sabha but not in the Rajya Sabha was to bring back ‘education’ to the State list. What are international practices? In the U.S., State and local governments set the overall educational standards, mandate standardised tests and supervise colleges and universities. The federal education department’s functions primarily include policies for financial aid, focussing on key educational issues and ensuring equal access. In Canada, education is completely managed by the provinces. In Germany, the constitution vests legislative powers for education with landers (equivalent of States). In South Africa, on the other hand, education is governed by two national departments for school and higher education. The provinces of the country have their own education departments for implementing policies of the national departments and dealing with local issues. Way forward : The arguments in favour of ‘education’ in the concurrent list include a uniform education policy, improvement in standards and synergy between Centre and States. However, considering the vast diversity of the country, a ‘one size fits all’ approach is neither feasible nor desirable. Further, as per the report on ‘Analysis of Budgeted expenditure on Education’ prepared by the Ministry of Education in 2022, out of the total revenue expenditure by education departments in our country estimated at ₹6.25 lakh crore (2020-21), 15% is spent by the Centre while 85% is spent by the States. Even if expenditure by all other departments on education and training are considered, the share works out to 24% and 76% respectively. The arguments against restoring ‘education’ to State list include corruption coupled with lack of professionalism. The recent issues surrounding the NEET and NTA have however displayed that centralisation does not necessarily mean that these issues would vanish. Considering the need for autonomy in view of the lion’s share of the expenditure being borne by the States, there needs to be a productive discussion towards moving ‘education’ back to the State list. This would enable them to frame tailor-made policies for syllabus, testing and admissions for higher education including professional courses like medicine and engineering. Regulatory mechanisms for higher education can continue to be governed by central institutions like the National Medical Commission, University Grants Commission and All India Council for Technical Education. Source: Hindu LIBERALISED REMITTANCES SCHEME (LRS) Syllabus Prelims & Mains – ECONOMY Context: Spending money overseas through credit card does not come under the liberalised remittance scheme limit yet, but it may change in the near future. As per a media report published recently, bringing credit card spend under the LRS is now on the government’s radar. Background: For the uninitiated, the finance ministry in May 2023 had brought credit card spending under the LRS limit. However, it was announced on June 28 that overseas spending using credit cards will beput on hold in order to give time to the banks to streamline their requisite IT systems. About LIBERALISED REMITTANCES SCHEME (LRS) Under the RBI’s Liberalised Remittance Scheme (LRS), all resident individuals are allowed to freely remit up to $2,50,000 in each financial year abroad for any permissible current or capital account transaction or a combination of both. This scheme was introduced on February 4, 2004, with a limit of $25,000. The LRS limit was later revised in stages consistent with prevailing macro and micro economic conditions. In case of remitter being a minor, the LRS declaration form must be countersigned by the minor’s natural guardian. The Scheme is not available to corporates, partnership firms, HUF, Trusts etc. The remittances can be made in any freely convertible foreign currency.Permanent Account Number (PAN) is mandatory for all transactions under LRS. If government includes credit card spending under the LRS, credit card usersmay have to cough up 20 percent tax collection at source (TCS). Tax collected at source is the sum collected by the seller from the buyer at the time of sale so that it can be deposited with the tax authorities. TheTCS for foreign remittances under LRS was raised to 20 percent in Budget 2023 from the earlier rate of 5 per cent. This included international travel, sending money overseas, and other remittances. This new tax ratecame into force on Oct 1, 2023 which removed the threshold of ₹7 lakh for triggering TCS on LRS. These changes, however, are not applicable in case of education and medical expenses. Additional Information The legal framework for administration of foreign exchange transactions in India is provided by the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999, (FEMA), which came into force with effect from June 1, 2000. Under FEMA, all transactions involving foreign exchange have been classified either as capital or current account transactions. Source: Livemint PROJECT NEXUS Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has joined Project Nexus, a significant initiative aimed at enhancing the efficiency and security of cross-border payments. Background: By participating in this project, the RBI contributes to the development of a streamlined and resilient global payment system. About PROJECT NEXUS : Project Nexus is an initiative by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) to develop a global platform for cross-border payments. Project Nexus is a collaborative effort between the BIS, central banks, and financial institutions to create a standardized global payment platform. Benefits: Standardization: Simplifies the way Instant Payment Systems (IPS) connect to one another. Single Connection: Allows payment system operators to reach all other countries on the network without building custom connections for each. Instant Payments: Enables cross-border payments from sender to recipient within 60 seconds in most cases. Cost Efficiency: Provides near-zero cost for sending and receiving payments. Growth Acceleration: Accelerates the growth of instant cross-border payments by leveraging existing instant payment systems. Source: Livemint PURCHASING MANAGERS' INDEX (PMI) Syllabus Prelims – ECONOMY Context: Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) increased to 58.3 in June. Background: Increased demand for manufactured goods led to higher production levels. This was driven by both domestic consumption and export orders. About Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) The Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) is a survey-based measure of current and future business conditions that asks respondents about changes in their perception of key business variables compared to the previous month. The PMI is usually released at the start of every month. It is, therefore, considered a good leading indicator of economic activity. The PMI is calculated separately for the manufacturing and services sectors. The PMI ranges from 0 to 100: Above 50 indicates expansion. Below 50 indicates contraction. A reading at 50 signifies no change. Purpose: PMI provides early insights into economic trends. It helps decision-makers, analysts, and investors make informed choices ahead of official data releases. Source: Hindustantimes MARS ODYSSEY Syllabus Prelims – SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: NASA has recently captured an epic view of the largest volcano in our solar system named Olympus Mons using the Mars Odyssey orbiter. Background: By capturing such images at different times during the year, scientists can study how the Martian atmosphere changes over the planet’s four seasons. This data helps us understand the dynamics of Mars’ climate and weather patterns. About MARS ODYSSEY : Mars Odyssey is a NASA spacecraft that embarked on a mission to explore Mars. Mars Odyssey was launched on April 7, 2001 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. Its primary goal was to map the chemical elements and minerals that constitute the Martian surface. By doing so, it created the first global map of Mars, providing valuable insights into its composition. Mars Odyssey holds the record for the longest continually active mission in orbit around a planet other than Earth. It successfully completed its primary science mission from February 2002 through August 2004. The main mission of the Mars Odyssey was to: Detect water and ice Study the geology of Mars Study the radiation environment of Mars Search for evidence of past or present life on Mars Act as a communication relay for future Mars missions Source: Money Control World Drug Report 2024 Syllabus Mains – GS 2 Context: The World Drug Report 2024 was released by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Background: The emergence of new synthetic opioids and a record supply and demand of other drugs has compounded the impacts of the world drug problem, leading to a rise in drug use disorders and environmental harms, according to the World Drug Report 2024 Key Highlights of the World Drug Report 2024: The number of drug users worldwide reached 292 million which resulted in a 20% increase over the past decade. Cannabis is the most popular drug used by 228 million users. It is followed by Opioids, Amphetamines, Cocaine, and Ecstasy. It warns about a new class of synthetic opioids called nitazenes which is more potent than fentanyl. There is a treatment gap as only one in eleven gets treatment who are suffering from drug use disorders. There is a gender disparity in treatment access as only one in 18 women with drug use disorders receive treatment, compared to one in seven men. According to data from the Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB), there are currently around 100 million people in India addicted to various narcotic substances. World Drug Day 2024: It is also known as International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking and is observed every year on the 26th of June. It was established in December 1987 by the United Nations General Assembly to raise awareness about the global fight against drug abuse and illicit drug trafficking. The theme for 2024 was “The evidence is clear: invest in prevention”. Source: UNODC Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) The Mars Odyssey, recently seen in news is launched by ISRO NASA ESA JAXA Q2.) Consider the following statements: With reference to the Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI), consider the following statements: The PMI is a survey-based measure of current and future business conditions. It is usually released at the start of every month. It is calculated separately for the manufacturing and services sectors. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1,2 and 3 Q3.) With reference to the Project Nexus, consider the following statements: Project Nexus is an initiative by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) Project Nexus aimed at enhancing the efficiency and security of cross-border payments. Which of the statements given above is/are not correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  3rd July 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs.st ANSWERS FOR  2nd July – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) –  c Q.2) – c Q.3) – c

Jul 3, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 3rd July 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. To take the Test Click Here

Jul 2, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 2nd July 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   NATIONAL PARTY STATUS Syllabus Prelims & Mains – Polity Context: With no elected MP in Lok Sabha and its vote share this general election down to 2.04%, the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) could lose its national status once the Election Commission carries out its customary review post general elections. Background:- Founded in 1984 by Kanshi Ram who later named Mayawati as his successor, BSP was recognised as a national party in 1997. Key takeaways Currently, there are six political parties recognised as national parties by the Election Commission – BJP, BSP, Congress, AAP, National People’s Party, and CPM. According to the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968, a national party is one that has : at least 6% of the total valid votes in four or more states in the last general election and at least four MPs; or wins at least 2% of the seats in the Lok Sabha, with the winners being from at least three states; or is a recognised state party in at least four states. With the party failing to win any seat in the 18th Lok Sabha and getting only 2.04% of the total votes, as per the results available on the ECI website, it fails the first two criteria for retaining its national party status. The final results and statistics for the 2024 elections are yet to be published. For the third criterion, the party has to meet the conditions for being a recognised state party in four or more states, which it also does not meet as of now. In all state Assembly elections held between 2019 and now, the BSP meets the criteria for being a state party only in Uttar Pradesh, where it won 12.88% votes in the 2022 state polls. In the 2024 Lok Sabha elections, it met the state party criteria, of having at least 8% of the valid votes polled in a particular state, in Uttar Pradesh, where it got 9.39% of the votes. As per the Symbols Order, a state party is one which has got : at least 6% of the total valid votes in a state and at least two MLAs; or at least 6% of the total valid votes polled in the state in the last Lok Sabha elections and at least one MP from that state; or at least 3% of the total seats in the Assembly or three seats, whichever is higher; or at least one MP for every 25 seats allotted to that state in the Lok Sabha; or at least 8% of the total valid votes in the last Lok Sabha election in that particular state or Assembly election. This is not the first time that BSP’s national status is under scanner. In 2014, when it also had no seat in Lok Sabha and 4.19% vote share, it could have lost its national party status, but an amendment made by EC in 2016 came to its rescue. Post the 2014 elections, the Symbols Order was amended in 2016 with effect from January 1, 2014 saying that a party’s national or state recognition would not be reviewed in the first election after the one in which they gain the status, meaning the first review would be after 10 years. This benefit was given to all parties, even the BSP, which became a national party in 1997. As a national party, a political party gets certain benefits, including the guaranteed use of their common election symbol for candidates across the country, land or accommodation for an office in Delhi, free copies of the electoral roll and airtime on Doordarshan and All-India Radio during elections. Source: Indian Express AI WASHING Syllabus Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: Soon after the release of ChatGPT in 2022, there was an explosion of news and a surge of interest in AI, triggering a hype cycle that continues unabated. Suddenly, it seems every tech company or startup is marketing an AI product. Tech companies and startups marketing themselves as using AI, but not doing so forms the basis of ‘AI washing’ Background: The summit will take place from July 3-4 in Astana. Kazakhstan took over the SCO presidency from India, which was the president last year. India hosted the SCO summit virtually in July 2023. About AI WASHING AI washing is a term derived from greenwashing, where companies exaggerate their environmental friendliness to appeal to customers. Similarly, businesses that claim to have integrated AI into their products, when they’re actually using less sophisticated technology, can be accused of AI washing. When it comes to AI washing, there are several types. Some companies claim to use AI when they’re actually using less-sophisticated computing, while others overstate the efficacy of their AI over existing techniques, or suggest that their AI solutions are fully operational when they are not. While it is unclear who coined the term AI washing, it was popularised by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) when it levied fines againstinvestment advisory firms Global Predictions and Delphia in March 2024. The securities regulator found that the companies had made false statements to their clients about providing ‘expert AI-driven forecasts’ and using machine learning to manage retail client portfolios. What are some real-life examples of AI washing? Recently, Amazon reportedly removed its cashier-less checkout systems from many physical grocery stores afterBusiness Insider found that the ‘Just Walk Out’ technology, which claimed to use AI and sensors to detect what was in a customer’s shopping cart, actually relied on employees in India to review the transactions. Not just tech companies, the AI-related claims of multinational brands such asMcDonalds and Coca Cola have also come under scrutiny. McDonalds recently decided to ditch its AI technology at drive-thru restaurants in the US after customers complained that their orders had been incorrectly taken down. The rush to be branded as an AI business follows a long pattern of companies looking to capitalise on the hype surrounding new and emerging technologies. Why is AI washing a growing concern? While AI washing may seem like harmless hyperbole, it could have far-reaching consequences for consumers and the tech industry itself. AI washing diverts management attention and resources away from practical AI innovation. Instead of developing meaningful AI capabilities, companies might make misguided investments in superficial enhancements, slowing real progress with the technology. AI washing can complicate decision making for businesses that are genuinely looking for valuable AI solutions. This can hinder their digital transformation efforts, stifle innovation, and jeopardise performance. As for consumers, subpar AI technology could pose data security and privacy risks while additionally pushing consumers away from using the technology. Source: Indian Express SNOWBLIND MALWARE Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: A new Android malware called Snowblind has emerged and it’s using a clever trick  to bypass security. Background: Snowblind specifically targets apps that handle sensitive user information. About Snowblind Malware: Snowblind is a type of Trojan malware that targets Android devices. Discovered by cybersecurity firm Promon, this malicious software masquerades as legitimate software to infiltrate Android phones and tablets. Once installed, it remains dormant until triggered by specific actions or commands. Its stealthy approach allows it to avoid detection by users and security software. When activated, Snowblind is capable of capturing your banking login credentials and performing unauthorized transactions without your consent. How it gets into your system People usually get this virus by downloading a malicious app that looks legitimate. The malware repackages an app to avoid detection and misuses accessibility features to steal sensitive information and control the app remotely, said Vidar Krey, VP of engineering at Promon. How does Snowblind malware work? Unlike other Android malware, Snowblind bypasses Android’s built-in security by exploiting a feature called “seccomp” in the Linux kernel, which is supposed to check for tampering. Snowblind injects code before seccomp activates, allowing it to bypass security checks and use accessibility services to monitor your screen, making it easier to steal your login information or interrupt your banking app sessions. This lets it disable biometric and two-factor authentication (2FA) protections, putting you at higher risk for fraud and identity theft. The malware works quietly in the background, so you might not even realise it is on your device. Source: NDTV PENCH TIGER RESERVE Syllabus Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: The Pench Tiger Reserve recently launched an advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) system for the early detection of forest fires. Background: The use of AI for early forest fire detection can significantly improve response times and help protect wildlife and habitats. About PENCH TIGER RESERVE The Pench Tiger Reserve is named after the Pench River. Inside the park, the river flows from North to South before going on to join the Kanhan River, while splitting the Park into two, and forming the boundary of Seoni District and Chhindwara District districts of Madhya Pradesh. The Meghdoot dam built across Pench River at Totladoh has created a large water body of 72 km2 out of which 54 km2 falls in M.P. and the rest in the adjoining state of Maharashtra. The Pench River which emerges from Mahadeo Hills of Satpuda Ranges and the various nallas and streams which drain into it, all flow through the forests of the protected area. The Pench Tiger Reserve spans the southern reaches of the Satpura hills in the Seoni and Chhindwara districts of Madhya Pradesh. It also extends into the Nagpur district in Maharashtra. Biodiversity: This reserve is home to a rich variety of flora and fauna. Tigers are the main attraction, but it also hosts large herds of Chital, Sambar, Nilgai, and Gaur (Indian Bison). The area supports over 325 species of resident and migratory birds, including the Malabar Pied Hornbill, Indian Pitta, Osprey, and Grey Headed Fishing Eagle. Vegetation: The undulating terrain features a mosaic of vegetation, ranging from moist sheltered valleys to open, dry deciduous forests. Teak, saag, mahua, and various grasses and shrubs thrive here. The Pench region is the real-life setting of Rudyard Kipling’s famous novel, “The Jungle Book”. Source: PTI RIM OF THE PACIFIC (RIMPAC) EXERCISE Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: The Indian Navy’s INS Shivalik has arrived at Pearl Harbour to participate in the 29th Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) exercise. Background: The indigenously designed and built 6000-tonne guided missile stealth frigate sailed to Pearl Harbour on June 27 after completion of JIMEX 24, a bilateral exercise between India and Japan. About RIMPAC: RIMPAC stands for the Rim of the Pacific Exercise, which is the world’s largest international maritime warfare exercise. It is hosted and administered by the United States Navy’s Indo-Pacific Command. Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) exercise is a biennial multinational maritime exercise that fosters cooperative relationships among approximately 29 nations. RIMPAC 2024 will take place from June 26 to August 2 in and around the Hawaiian Islands. The exercise aims to enhance interoperability, strengthen strategic maritime partnerships, and ensure the safety of sea lanes in the free and open Indo-Pacific region. This year’s theme is “Partners: Integrated and Prepared.” Participating countries include Australia, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States, among other. Source: Indian Navy CHIEF OF THE ARMY STAFF (COAS) Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: Lieutenant General Upendra Dwivedi has assumed command as the 30th Chief of the Indian Army, succeeding General Manoj Pande after his 26-month tenure. Background: General Dwivedi has a deep understanding of modern and emerging technologies, aiming to enhance operational effectiveness by leveraging India’s technology ecosystem. About Chief of the Army Staff : The Chief of the Army Staff (COAS) is the professional head of the Indian Army (IA), which is the land forces branch of the Indian Armed Forces. The COAS typically serves a three-year term or until reaching the age of 62, whichever comes earlier. Extensions are rare and usually granted only during times of war or national emergency. Duties and Responsibilities: Highest-Ranking Officer: The COAS is the highest-ranking officer in the Indian Army. Operational Commander: Customarily held by a four-star general officer, the COAS is the senior-most operational officer of the IA, tasked with the roles of overseeing the overall functioning of the force during peace and wartime, committing to the preparation and maintenance of the force’s operational effectiveness and defending the nation’s territorial integrity and sovereignty. Military Advisor: The COAS advises the Government of India and the Ministry of Defence on military matters. Strategic Decision-Making: They play a crucial role in formulating and implementing strategic decisions related to defence and security. Source: Economic Times Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Consider the following statements about National Party status A national party gets several benefits, which includes land or accommodation for an office in Delhi and airtime on Doordarshan and All-India Radio during elections. Currently, there are six political parties recognised as national parties by the Election Commission – BJP, BSP, Congress, AAP, National People’s Party, and CPM. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 & 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q2.) Consider the following statements: Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) exercise is a biennial multinational maritime exercise. The exercise aims to enhance interoperability, strengthen strategic maritime partnerships, and ensure the safety of sea lanes in the free and open Indo-Pacific region. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 & 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q3.) In which of the following states is the Pench Tiger Reserve, recently seen in the news, located? Karnataka Uttarakhand Madhya Pradesh Assam Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  2nd July 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs.st ANSWERS FOR  1st July – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) –  a Q.2) – c Q.3) – d

Jul 2, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 2nd July 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. To take the Test Click Here

Jul 1, 2024 Important Articles

[PRELIMS RESULT] UPSC/IAS Civil Services Examination, Prelims 2024 Result Declared!

Hello All, The result of Prelims 2024, UPSC/IAS Civil Services Examination has been announced. UPSC has been very quick this time with the results. To Download the Civil Services (Preliminary) Result Sheet/PDF – CLICK HERE To Download the Forest Services (Preliminary) Result Sheet/PDF – CLICK HERE If you have cleared the list, Congratulations! Kickstart your preparation by joining the Most Trusted Initiative of IASbaba – Think Learn Perform (TLP Plus) 2024 – Read More Details Wish You Good Luck IASbaba

Jul 1, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 1st July 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   THE STORY OF THE EMERGENCY Syllabus Prelims & Mains – Polity,Post Independent India Context: On June 25th, India entered the fiftieth year of the imposition of the Emergency, an extraordinary 21-month period from 1975 to 1977, which saw the suspension of civil liberties, curtailment of press freedom, mass arrests, the cancellation of elections, and rule by decree. Background:- The Emergency refers to the period from June 25, 1975 to March 21, 1977, during which Indira Gandhi government used special provisions in the Constitution to impose sweeping executive and legislative consequences on the country. Key takeaways The declaration of Emergency converts the federal structure into a de facto unitary one, as the Union acquires the right to give any direction to state governments, which, though not suspended, come under the complete control of the Centre. Parliament may by law extend the (five-year) term of Lok Sabha one year at a time, make laws on subjects in the State List, and extend the Union’s executive powers to the states. Under Article 352 of the Constitution, the President may, on the advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister, issue a proclamation of emergency if the security of India or any part of the country is threatened by “war or external aggression or armed rebellion”. In 1975, instead of armed rebellion, the ground of “internal disturbance” was available to the government to proclaim an emergency. This was the only instance of proclamation of emergency due to “internal disturbance”. The two occasions in which an emergency was proclaimed earlier, on October 26, 1962, and December 3, 1971, were both on grounds of war. This ground of “internal disturbance” was removed by The Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978 by the Janata government that came to power after the Emergency. Article 358 frees the state of all limitations imposed by Article 19 (“Right to freedom”) as soon as an emergency is imposed. Article 359 empowers the President to suspend the right of people to move court for the enforcement of their rights during an emergency. What were the political and social circumstances in India in the months leading up to the Emergency? Early in 1974, a student movement called Navnirman (Regeneration) began in Gujarat against the Congress government of Chimanbhai Patel, which was seen as corrupt. As the protests became violent, Patel had to resign and President’s Rule was imposed. Navnirman inspired a students’ movement in Bihar against corruption and poor governance, and the ABVP and socialist organisations came together to form the Chhatra Sangharsh Samiti. The students asked Jayaprakash Narayan, a Gandhian and hero of the Quit India Movement, to lead them. He agreed with two conditions — that the movement would be non-violent and pan-Indian, and aim to cleanse the country of corruption and misgovernance. Thereafter, the students’ movement came to be called the “JP movement”. Meanwhile, in May 1974, the socialist leader George Fernandes led an unprecedented strike of railway workers that paralysed the Indian Railways for three weeks. On June 5, during a speech in Patna’s historic Gandhi Maidan, JP gave a call for “Sampoorna Kranti”, or total revolution. By the end of the year, JP had got letters of support from across India, and he convened a meeting of opposition parties in Delhi. JP’s rallies invoked the power of the people with the rousing slogan, “Sinhasan khaali karo, ke janata aati hai (Vacate the throne, for the people are coming)”. On June 12, 1975, Justice Jagmohanlal Sinha of Allahabad High Court delivered a historic verdict in a petition filed by Raj Narain, convicting Indira Gandhi of electoral malpractice, and striking down her election from Rae Bareli. On appeal, the Supreme Court gave the Prime Minister partial relief — she could attend Parliament but could not vote. As demands for her resignation became louder and her aides in the Congress dug in their heels, JP asked the police not to follow immoral orders. Late on June 25 evening, President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed signed the proclamation of Emergency. The Cabinet was informed about the decision the next morning. What happened to opposition leaders, mediapersons, and political dissenters during the Emergency? Almost all opposition leaders, including JP, were detained. About 36,000 people were put in jail under the Maintenance of Internal Security Act (MISA). Newspapers were subjected to pre-censorship. UNI and PTI were merged into a state-controlled agency called Samachar. The Press Council was abolished. Indira’s son Sanjay Gandhi pushed a “five-point programme” that included forced family planning and clearance of slums. What legal changes were pushed through by Parliament and in the courts during the Emergency? With the opposition in jail, Parliament passed The Constitution (Thirty-eighth Amendment) Act that barred judicial review of the Emergency, and The Constitution (Thirty-ninth Amendment) Act that said the election of the Prime Minister could not be challenged in the Supreme Court. The Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act made changes to a range of laws, taking away the judiciary’s right to hear election petitions, widening the authority of the Union to encroach on State subjects, gave Parliament unbridled power to amend the Constitution with no judicial review possible, and made any law passed by Parliament to implement any or all directive principles of state policy immune to judicial review. In the famous case of ADM Jabalpur vs Shivkant Shukla, 1976, a five-judge Bench of the Supreme Court ruled that detention without trial was legal during an emergency. The sole dissenter to the majority judgment was Justice H R Khanna. What prompted Indira Gandhi to lift the Emergency, and what happened afterward? For no apparent reason, Indira decided to lift the Emergency early in 1977. As it happened, the elections of 1977 led to a comprehensive defeat for Indira. The Janata Party, formed by a merger of the Jana Sangh, Congress (O), the socialists and Bharatiya Lok Dal, emerged as a formidable force, and Morarji Desai became India’s first non-Congress Prime Minister. What efforts were made by the Janata government to undo the damage caused by the Emergency? The Janata government reversed many of the constitutional changes effected by the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976. It did not do away with the provision of the emergency, but made it extremely difficult to impose for the future. It made judicial review of a proclamation of emergency possible again, and mandated that every proclamation of emergency be laid before both Houses of Parliament within a month of the proclamation. Unless it was approved by both Houses by a special majority, the proclamation would lapse. The 44th Amendment removed “internal disturbance” as a ground for the imposition of an emergency, meaning that armed rebellion alone would now be a ground, apart from war and external aggression. The Shah Commission, constituted by the Janata government to report on the imposition of the Emergency and its adverse effects, submitted a damning report that found the decision to be unilateral, and adversely affecting civil liberties. How did the Emergency change Indian politics? The Janata experiment gave India its first non-Congress government, but its collapse also demonstrated the limits of anti-Congressism. The Emergency gave India a crop of young leaders who would dominate politics for decades to come — Lalu Prasad Yadav, George Fernandes, Arun Jaitley, Ram Vilas Paswan, and many others. The post-Emergency Parliament saw the coming together of the social forces behind the Jana Sangh and the socialists — Hindutva upper caste, and the Lohiaite agrarian and artisanal castes — and increased the representation of OBCs in Parliament. The Janata government appointed the Mandal Commission to look into OBC quotas, which would go on to make the rise of the OBCs in North India irreversible. Source: Indian Express SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANISATION (SCO) Syllabus Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: Prime Minister Narendra Modi will not attend the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit this year. External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar is set to lead the Indian delegation to Kazakhstan capital Astana. Background: The summit will take place from July 3-4 in Astana. Kazakhstan took over the SCO presidency from India, which was the president last year. India hosted the SCO summit virtually in July 2023. About Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) TheShanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is a Eurasian political, economic, international security and defence organization established by China and Russia in 2001. It is the world’s largestregional organization in terms of geographic scope and population, covering approximately 80% of the area of Eurasia and 40% of the world population. As of 2021, its combined GDP was around 20% of global GDP. The SCO is the successor to theShanghai Five, formed in 1996 between the People’s Republic of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and In June 2001, the leaders of these nations andUzbekistan met in Shanghai to announce a new organization with deeper political and economic cooperation. In June 2017, it expanded to eight states, withIndia and  Iran joined the group in July 2023. Several countries are engaged as observers or dialogue partners. The SCO Secretariat is located at Beijing (the People’s Republic of China). The SCO is governed by the Heads of State Council (HSC), its supreme decision-making body, which meets once a year. Its headquarters is located in Tashkent, the Republic of Uzbekistan The organization also contains the so-called Regional Antiterrorist Structure (RATS). The main SCO goals and tasks according to its charter are:: strengthening mutual trust, friendship and good neighborliness between the members; development of multifaceted cooperation in the maintenance and strengthening of peace, security and stability in the region and promotion of a new democratic, fair and rational political and economic international order; joint combating terrorism, separatism and extremism, fighting against illicit narcotics and arms trafficking and other types of transnational criminal activity, and also illegal migration; encouraging efficient regional cooperation in such areas as politics, trade and economy, defense, law enforcement, environment protection, culture, science and technology, education, energy, transport, credit and finance, and also other areas of common interest; facilitating economic growth, social and cultural development in the region through joint actions on the basis of equal partnership aimed at steady increase of living standards and improvement of living conditions of the people; coordinating approaches to integration into the global economy; promoting enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms in accordance with the international obligations of the member States and their national legislation; maintaining and developing relations with other States and international organizations; cooperating in the prevention of international conflicts and their peaceful settlement; jointly searching for solutions to the problems that would arise in the 21st century. Decisions-Taking Procedure The SCO bodies take decisions by agreement without vote and their decisions shall be considered adopted if no member State has raised objections during its consideration (consensus), except for the decisions on suspension of membership or expulsion from the Organization that shall be taken by “consensus minus one vote of the member State concerned”. Source: Indian Express BLACK SEA Syllabus Prelims – Geography Context: Russia’s Defence Ministry has ordered officials to prepare a response to U.S. drone flights over the Black Sea, signalling potential forceful action to deter American reconnaissance aircraft. Background: The ministry cites an “increased intensity” of U.S. drone presence. This situation reflects heightened involvement of the U.S. and NATO countries in the Ukraine conflict. About Black Sea:   The Black Sea, also known as the Euxine Sea, is one of the major water bodies and a  famous inland sea of the world. This marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, located between Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is surrounded by the Pontic, Caucasus, and Crimean Mountains in the south, east and north respectively. The Turkish straits system – the Dardanelles, Bosporus and Marmara Sea – forms a transitional zone between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. The Black Sea is also connected to the Sea of Azov by the Strait of Kerch. The bordering countries of Black Sea are: Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Turkey, Bulgaria and Romania. Additional Information The Black Sea is the world’s largest water body in which the bottom waters never mix with shallower waters (a condition known as “meromictic”). As a result, the deeper waters are completely anoxic (devoid of oxygen). Seawater flows into the Black Sea basin from the Mediterranean via the Straits of Bosporus, while freshwater enters from several European rivers including the Danube. As a result, salinity gradually increases with depth from about 18 ppt at the surface to about 22 ppt in deeper waters. A water mass known as the Cold Intermediate Layer (CIL) separates surface waters from deeper waters, and is the major reason for deep-water isolation. Below about 200 m, bacterial decomposition of biomass sinking from shallow water consumes all available oxygen, while the anaerobic metabolism of other bacteria causes the formation of hydrogen sulfide. While such conditions are not favorable for many biological species, they are excellent for preserving human artifacts from normal processes of degradation. Source: The Hindu SHYOK RIVER Syllabus Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: Five army personnel died early Saturday morning while de-inducting or withdrawing from a military training activity that involved crossing the Shyok River at the Daulat Beg Oldie (DBO) area of eastern Ladakh. Background: Their Russian-origin T-72 tank got swept away by the Shyok River due to a sudden increase in water levels. About SHYOK RIVER The Shyok River originates at the Rimo Glacier in the Karakoram Range in the Indian-administered union territory of Ladakh. It is a tributary of the Indus River. Its alignment is very unusual, originating from the Rimo glacier, it flows in a southeasterly direction and, joining the Pangong range, it takes a northwestern turn, flowing parallel to its previous path. Tributaries: The Nubra River, originating from the Siachen glacier, is a significant tributary of the Shyok River.The Nubra River,also behaves like the Shyok. The southeasterly flowing river Nubra takes a northwest turn on meeting the river Shyok. The similarity in the courses of these two important rivers probably indicates a series of paleolithic fault lines trending northwest-southeast in delimiting the upper courses of the rivers. Other tributaries include the Chang Chen Mo River, which empties into the Shyok, and the Galwan River, which originates in the southern part of Aksai Chin and joins the Shyok. Additional Information The Shyok Valley is the valley of the Shyok River. It is near the Nubra Valley. Khardung La on the Ladakh Range lies north of Leh and is the gateway to the Shyok and Nubra valleys. Source: Indian Express SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN INDIA Syllabus Mains – GS 3 Context: The Ministry of Labour and Employment has joined the PM Gati Shakti portal to identify and bridge gaps in social security coverage. Background: Investment in social infrastructure is a pre-requisite for inclusive growth and employment. Social Infrastructure: It is the set of organizational arrangements and investments in society’s systems, relationships, and structures that enable us to generate a just, equitable, more resilient, and sustainable world. It comprises social, economic, environmental, and cultural assets. It is a combination of tangible and intangible assets that facilitates the development of society. It includes the physical Infrastructure, human resources, and intellectual capital needed to render social services. Significance of Social Infrastructure in India: It promotes inclusive growth by reducing incidents of poverty and cases of inequality. It enhances human resource productivity by improving education and skill levels, which in turn maximizes the chances of utilizing India’s demographic dividend. It encourages upward social mobility and enhances social well-being by improving a person’s socio-economic situation. It helps in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals by adopting eco-friendly practices such as reducing carbon footprints and promoting resilience to climate change. It reduces the sense of alienation among citizens by creating liveable and inclusive settlements where social and economic benefits. Issues/Challenges faced in developing Social Infrastructure in India: The key social sectors such as education and health face inadequate public funding which in turn leads to low learning outcomes. Social infrastructure faces low private sector participation due to low returns on investments. There is a lack of human resources such as an absence of trained teachers, a lack of highly skilled health professionals, planning, etc. There is an inequality in access due to affordability issues in marginalized communities, especially in lower-income groups. There is a lack of awareness among citizens about the importance of social infrastructure. Source: Economic Times Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Who among the following declared a state of emergency on 25th June following advice from Prime Minister Indira Gandhi ? Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Giani Zail Singh Neelam Sanjiva Reddy R. Narayanan Q2.) With reference to the Shyok River, consider the following statements: The Shyok River originates at the Rimo Glacier in the Aravalli Range. It is a tributary of the Yamuna River. The Nubra River is a significant tributary of the Shyok River. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 1 and 2 only 3 only 1,2 and 3 Q3.) Consider the following countries: Russia Ukraine Georgia Turkey How many of the above-mentioned countries share a border with the Black Sea? Only one Only two Only three All four Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  1st July 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs.st ANSWERS FOR  29th June – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) -d Q.3) – a