Jul 20, 2016 AIR

All India Radio - India’s Prospects in Rio Olympics

ARCHIVES   India’s Prospects in Rio Olympics   India is sending its largest contingent to Rio Olympics where the events are scheduled to take place from 5-21st August. The sports minister said that India should be hopeful to get medals in double digit. India’s hopes lies with archery, boxing, badminton, hockey, tennis, table tennis, shooting, gymnastics, wrestling and judo. At the moment, India is sending 120 athletes and it may go up. It includes 32 from men and women hockey teams and 12 from shooting itself. Thus, it’s a big delegation. International Olympic Committee The International Olympic Committee (IOC) funds all the participating players. It formulated a rule few years back that all those who are eligible to stay in the Olympic village, will be paid airfare, stay and their daily food. If the athlete finishes its final event on the day, he/she has to leave the village in next 48 hours. The athlete cannot stay till the end of the game. Prospects of India in Rio 2016 Prospects are very tentative. India is in a position to challenge in a very strong way. Indian shooters, boxers, archers have been at par with world champs and also stand a very good chance in mixed doubles tennis. Hockey- Men’s team doing pretty well in recent years. Stood second in Champion’s Trophy after Australia. Performed well in Asian games as well as last Commonwealth Games. After a long time, Indian women hockey team has also qualified in Olympic. Badminton- Totally dependent on Saina Nehwal and somewhat P.V.Sindhu. India discusses badminton on any platform because of Saina Nehwal. However, before the match nothing can be said. The performance on the day matters. Archery- Doing well with Atanu Dutt, Deepika Kumari, Laxmirani, Bombayla Devi. Again dependent on Deepika Kumari for assured success. Wrestling- 8 wrestlers qualified for Olympics. Narsingh Yadav is a good prospect. Athletics- Very huge contingent. Includes events like shot put, discus throw, long jump etc. Vikas Gowda is good prospect. Men participating in marathon, 20 km walk and 50 km walk. Women relay has great prospect. (TintuLuka). After 1980, when PT Usha qualified for 100 mt race, this was the first time when Dutee chand has qualified. However, if India is sending such huge contingent, it doesn’t mean its chances to win increase. There are different qualifying standards and winning standards. Visible improvement is that India has now started to discuss about medals. Earlier it used to discuss about participants. This, means that participants have raised their bar in international arena. Pressure on players? The government is investing money on players. TOP- Target Olympic Podium scheme was initiated with the objective of identifying and supporting potential medal prospects for 2016 and 2020 Olympic Games. Focused disciplines will be Athletics, Archery, Badminton, Boxing, Wrestling and Shooting. Hence, the athletes will be provided financial assistance for their customized training at Institutes having world class facilities and other necessary support. High hopes on shooting, tennis and badminton. The surprise element has been in gymnastics with Dipa Karmarkar. India has no history in gymnastics event in Olympics. The players that are talked about are not hyped but known for their performances in various competitions and have dominated them. Hence, players are well aware of the conditions prevailing for such high-profile event. The PM has also met the players. This gives a psychological boost that the PM, Ministers and the country is with you. Such encouragement to sports have not known to be happened earlier. Connecting the dots: Sports has the ability to challenge the pressing issues like declining sex ratio, excessive importance to rot learning in academics and negligible career in sports. Analyse Search 4th July here http://newsonair.com/Main_Audio_Bulletins_Search.aspx

Jul 19, 2016 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 19th July, 2016

Archives   IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 19th July, 2016   NATIONAL   TOPIC: General Studies 2 Indian Constitution, significant provisions and basic structure- Cooperative Federalism Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies   Indian federalism needs the Inter-State Council Background Art 263 contemplates the establishment of an Inter-State Council to effect coordination between the states and between Centre and states. The President can establish such a council if at any time it appears to him that the public interest would be served by its establishment. Thus, Inter-state Council is not a permanent constitutional body for coordination between the States of the Union For example 1952- Invoked first time by President through notice to establish the Central Council of Health under the Chairmanship of the Union Minister of Health and Family Planning 1954- President established the Central Council for Local Government and Urban Development 1968- President established four Regional Councils for Sales Tax and State Excise Duties However, National Development Council established in 1952 does not come under constitutional definition of Inter-State Council as it was formed by an executive order. Though there existed annual conferences of Chief Ministers, Finance Ministers, Labour Ministers etc., the Administrative Reforms Commission (1969) felt the 'need for a single' standing body which could Discuss all issues of national importance Advise on such issues authoritatively after taking all aspects of the problem into account Sarkaria Commission ARC views were endorsed by Commission on Centre-State Relations (Sarkaria Commission) Sarkaria Commission (1983–87) made a strong case for the establishment of a permanent Inter-State Council Government accepted the recommendation and in 1990, under Art 263 of the Indian Constitution, established the Inter-state Council (ISC) Inter-State Council Composition: Chairman: Prime Minister Members: Chief Ministers of all states Chief Ministers of Union Territories having a Legislative Assembly and Administrators of UTs not having a Legislative Assembly Union Ministers of Cabinet rank in the Union Council of Ministers nominated by the Prime Minister Under: Ministry of Home Affairs Mandate: Investigating and discussing such subjects of common interests between some/all states and between Union and state/s Making recommendations upon any such subject Deliberating upon such other matters of general interest to the States as may be referred by the Chairman to the Council. Why in news? The 11th Inter-State Council meeting organised in July 2016 was convened after 10 years Prime Minister of India chaired the Council in presence of the Chief Ministers, Lieutenant-Governors of the Union Territories and 17 Union Ministers who are members of the Inter-State Council. ISC, 2016: Intelligence sharing between states and union Countering Internal security challenges Adequate financial resources to states to implement government schemes CAMPA amendment to disburse Rs. 40,000 crore to states Sharing with states- the revenue generated from auction of natural resources Imparting Skill education Pan- India coverage of Aadhar DBT for providing subsidies, benefits and public services   Chief Ministers speak Adventurism by Governors: Recent crisis in Arunachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand project the status of centre-state relations Centre and state having different ruling parties tend to have frictional relation through the Governor. Punchhi commission’s recommendation to be implemented after discussion and consensus between centre and states. Shifting subjects from state list to concurrent list: Education and forests have been shifted Centre should extensively consult states and offer more flexibility in legislation Tax devolution: Acceptance of 14th FC recommendation to allocate 42% of the tax pool from 32% was well received, for the most part The GST is expected to change the scenario even more once implemented States want centre to take their views into consideration as it is matter of constitutional amendment as well as financial stability of the state. Importance of ISC Bridge trust deficit between centre and states If the platform is not a problem solver, it atleast acts as a safety-valve ISC has constitutional backing which gives states a strong footing that is essential to build the atmosphere of confidence in calibrating centre-state relation. Other platform NITI Aayog’s Governing Council Similar to ISC composition to address centre- state issues Prime minister, chosen Cabinet ministers and chief ministers NITI Aayog is by executive decision Punchhi Commission (2007) GoI constituted another Commission on Centre-State Relations in 2007 Objective: To look into the new issues of Centre-State relations keeping in view the changes that have been taken place in the polity and economy of India since the Sarkaria Commission. Submitted report in 2010 Recommendations relating to legislative relations, administrative relations, role of Governors, emergency provisions, financial relations, economic and social planning, Panchayati Raj institutions, sharing of resources including inter-state river water etc.   Some recommendations: For ISC: To be substantially strengthened and activised as the key player in intergovernmental resolutions Must meet at least thrice in a year on an agenda evolved after proper consultation with States. Issues of governance must as far as possible be sorted out through the political and administrative processes rather than pushed to long drawn adjudication in the Court. Such strongly it projects the importance of ISC that it commented - Once ISC is made a vibrant, negotiating forum for policy development and conflict resolution, the Government may consider the functions for the National Development also being transferred to the ISC. For Governor: Fixing Governors’ tenures Mandatory consultation of chief ministers before the appointment of Governors Choosing individuals who have been outside active politics for at least a couple of years. Way forward There are many challenges of maintaining a federation. The Solution is periodic debates and discussions. Post liberalisation too, centralised nature of economy was visible. Today, the new government has shown its inclination towards federalist vision with emphasis on decentralizing decision making and encouraging state competition The centre has also hinted at discussing and implementing some of Punchhi Committee recommendations which broadly fall under legislative, administrative and financial heads Dr. B.R. Ambedkar had described India and its states as “one integral whole, its people a single people living under a single imperium derived from a single source” Thus, Centre-state relation should be harmonised as disruption created by constant altercating situations impose heavy administrative and economic costs on the states affected.   Connecting the dots Inter-state Council remains the best venue to address various issues concerning national development. Elaborate   Refer: Article 356—Arunachal Pradesh: Is President’s rule being misused? Harking back to an interventionist era – Article 356 Centrally sponsored schemes (CSS): Slimming Down   ENVIRONMENT   TOPIC: General Studies 3 Environment and Ecology, Bio diversity - Conservation, environmental degradation, environmental impact assessment, Environment versus Development Issues relating to e-wastes   We need a smart way of dealing with e-waste What is e-Waste? e-Waste is technically all waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) discarded without the intent of reuse. It’s all around us—in the form of discarded microwaves, toaster, television sets, mobile phones, air-conditioners, computers, printers, etc. It is one of the fastest growing waste streams in both developed and developing countries. What is Smart City? A 'smart city' is an urban region that is highly advanced in terms of overall infrastructure, sustainable real estate, communications and market viability. It is a city where information technology is the principal infrastructure and the basis for providing essential services to residents. There are many technological platforms involved, including but not limited to automated sensor networks and data centres. Concerns: Smart Cities will use technology. And the technology will use hardware which will eventually become e-waste. The United Nations University (UNU) has calculated that about 42 million tons of e-waste was generated globally in 2014. And between 2014 and 2017, we will have a 36% rise in e-waste globally. India is estimated to be the fifth largest producer of e-waste in the world. Within India, Mumbai is the highest generator of e-waste with 96,000 tonnes per annum, Delhi at second with 67,000 tonnes and Bengaluru at third with 57,000 tonnes per year Poor handling of wastes: a big concern Estimates are that only about 15% of all e-waste globally is recycled. This probably means that only 15% is recycled by formal actors. A significant chunk is collected, dismantled and recycled by the informal sector — whose trading and work stands condemned as polluted. Over 80% of India’s e-waste is being recycled by the informal sector. They typically extract metals by dipping motherboards in acid vats, then burning them. They extract gold by a process that involves cyanide in a home-made furnace. These crude processes result in intense pollution. Revised e-waste rules of 2016 The new rules issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forests to manage electronic waste must be implemented with firm political will to close the gap between growing volumes of hazardous trash and inadequate recycling infrastructure. Producers and consumers of electronic goods have a responsibility under the E-waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2011 to ensure proper disposal, but progress has been slow for various reasons. Now the E-waste (Management) Rules 2016 provide several options to manufacturers — such as collection of a refundable deposit and paying for the return of goods — to meet the requirements of law. In spite of its growing environmental footprint, sound management of electronic waste has received low priority. Urban solid waste management policy has focussed on cleaning streets and transferring garbage to landfills, ignoring the legal obligation to segregate and recycle. Hazardous materials, including heavy metals, are dumped in garbage yards, polluting soil and water. The new rules have positive measures in this regard: they classify mercury-laden light bulbs as e-waste, which will keep them out of municipal landfills. Bulk consumers have to file annual returns (another welcome move). An awareness campaign on e-waste will make it easier to implement the rules. Often, consumers do not let go of defunct gadgets. Several Indian households also stock e-waste items. The success of the new rules will depend on incentivising such consumers to enter the formal recycling channel using the producer-operated buy-back scheme. They will come on board when the repurchase offer is better than that of the unorganised sector and a collection mechanism is available. The Centre and the States have a responsibility to ensure that producers contribute to the e-waste management system, which has been designed with their inputs. The collection targets, that will touch 70 per cent in seven years, are realistic. A healthy environment demands that the targets get more ambitious.   The way ahead: A smart city—most are existing cities that will be upgraded—should plan to formalize the space, and train the workers there—most of whom will be traders and dismantlers—to work safely. It can license them to work in a cluster, if they adhere to safety standards and keep paper work to show they are sending the e-waste they are buying to authorized recyclers. In this way, not only will the authorities know more about the e-waste flows in their city, but they can also monitor This will need small loans, space and capacity building for municipal authorities themselves. Only a few cities will actually have metal extraction in the formal sector. Where they do, their work will have to be piloted with technical institutes and carefully monitored, before it is scaled up. Since data is key here, good dashboards—used and shared with the workers—will be absolutely key to an e-waste solution. If any of the smart cities had to be given an award, it should be for how they’ve used tech and IT to solve the challenges that all other cities struggle with—pollution, waste, jobs, youth and above all, shifting from a linear to a circular economy that makes for sustainability. Connecting the dots: Recently the Ministry of Environment and Forests has issued new norms regarding management of e-waste. Discuss the significance of these rules. India is estimated to be the fifth largest producer of e-waste in the world and over 80% of India’s e-waste is being recycled by the informal sector. In your opinion, what strategies can be taken to avoid the above concerns? Discuss.   MUST READ One India, one market Hindu Related Articles: Goods and Service Tax (GST) Logjam: GST by another name GST legislation & Issues TLP – 2015   Cashing in on a failed coup Hindu Related Articles: Turkey and Kurds Issue: Full Story   How a diagnosis is delayed Hindu   Finding a NEET balance Hindu Related Articles: NEET order: What’s in store?   A strong foundation Indian Express   Liberalizing India’s urban thinking Livemint   A manifesto for global elites Livemint   Consequences of a globalization agenda Livemint   Missing the woods for the trees Livemint   “One Nation One Rate” Business Line   A good dose of research will benefit doctors Business Line   Needlessly vilifying Indian business Business Line

Jul 19, 2016 60 Days Plan 2019 - Daily Prelims Test

IASbaba ’60 Day Plan- Prelims Test 2016 HISTORY, CULTURE & CURRENT AFFAIRS [DAY 56]

Click here to get all the Tests– Archives Hello Friends Hope you are enjoying Daily questions. The link for Day 55 solution is active now.  Why we asked you to comment? Now go back to check your answers that you posted with honest effort. Edit your answers with marks. Everyday like this you can self monitor your progress for all 60 days. Accountability to self is the only way for success IASbaba '60 Day Plan' - Prelims Test 2016 [Day 56] Q.1) Consider the following statements regarding ‘Chau Dance’ of India: It is one of the classical dances of India. It is performed in Odisha, Jharkhand and West Bengal. It is a martial dance. While dancing, performers wear masks and elaborate costumes and depict mythological stories. Which of the above statements are correct? 1,2 and 3 2,3 and 4 1,2 and 4 All of the above Q.2) Consider the following statements regarding Dara Shikoh: He was the youngest son of Shah Jahan and Shah Jahan declared him his heir to the throne. He translated 50 Upnishads from Sanskrit to Persian. This collection is called Sirr-e-Akbar. He banned dance and music in the Mughal court. In a battle he was captured by the army of Aurangzeb and publically executed. Which of the above statements are correct? 1 and 3 2 and 4 1,2 and 4 All of the above Q.3) Consider the following: Folk Theatre                                             Place Bhand Pahter                                      Jammu and Kashmir Swang                                                   Maharashtra Jatra                                                     West Bengal Bhaona                                                 Assam Which of the above are correctly matched? 1,2 and 3 2,3 and 4 1,3 and 4 All of the above Q.4) Which of the following statements are correct differences between Nagara style temple and Dravidan Temples? The Shikhar of Nagara Temples are pyramidal while Vimana of Dravidan Temples have a curving shape. Dravidan temples have elaborate gates called Gopurams while Nagara Temples do not have them. Nagara temples have a Garbha griha while Dravidan temples do not. Both Nagara and Dravidan temples have mandaps. Select the code from the following: 1,2 and 3 2 and 3 3 and 4 All of the above Q.5) Consider the following statements regarding ‘Pandvani’: It is a folk painting of Chattisgarh depicting scenes from Mahabharat. Artists use natural colours and grains to make these large murals on the external walls of their houses. Which of the above statements are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.6) Consider the following statements: Shadow puppets are cut out of leather and treated to make them translucent. Shadow puppets are pressed on a screen with a strong source of light behind them. Ravanachayya is a shadow puppet style of Odisha where puppets are made of single piece and have no joints. Which of the above statements are correct? 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.7) Who among the following was appointed as the supreme authority in justice during the era of Mughal Emperors ? Qazi-ul-Quzat Qazi-ul-Hazat Qazi-Faiz-ul-Islam Wazir Q.8) Consider the following statements: Tripartite struggle is the name given to a century long tussle between Gurjar Pratiharas, Palas and Pallavas to control the north. The struggle was to gain control over the city of Kannauj and Ganga-Yamuna Doab region. Which of the above statements are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.9) From the times of which among the following Chola rulers, the Gangaikondacholapuram became the capital of the Chola empire? Parantaka Chola I Rajendra Chola I Raja Raja Chola I Vikrama Chola Q.10) Double Dome was one of the most magnificent features of the indo Islamic architecture. The main reason of making the double dome was: It maintained the height and grandeur of the building from outside and still keep the ceiling aesthetic from inside. Double dome served as an eco-sounding system amplifying the sound. It helped in keeping the room cool. It used less construction material than a single dome. Q.11) Which sector will adopt the Shinkansen Technology as part of the assistance offered to India by Japan? Railways Roadways Insurance Yamuna Action Plan (YAP) Q.12) Which country is the largest producer of sesame? India Japan China Pakistan Q.13)Which organization has released the ‘Energy and Air Pollution, World Energy Outlook Special Report’? IMF World Bank UNEP International Energy Agency  Q.14) Identify the wetland based on the following statements: The Irrawaddy dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris) is the flagship species here. It was the first Indian wetland of international importance under the Ramsar Convention. Nalbana Island is the core area of this wetland. Select the wetland that is best suited to the above description— East Calcutta Wetlands Deepor Beel Chilika Lake Bhoj Wetland Q.15) Identify the country based on the following statements: It was named in honour of King Philip II of Spain. It is the seventh-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world. It hosts the headquarters of the Asian Development Bank Select the country that is best suited to the above description— Brunei Taiwan Malaysia Philippines Q.16) Consider the following statements: Buddhism condemned the varna system, whereas Jainism did not condemn the varna system. Buddhism does not recognize the existence of god and soul, whereas Jainism recognized the existence of the gods. Which above given statement(s) is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both None Q.17) Which among the following statements is not true in regard to Paitkar Paintings – an endangered art form which is in decline and may soon become extinct? Paitkar paintings are scroll paintings practiced by the tribal people of West Bengal state. The cultural heritage of this old form of painting has associations with one of the most well-known goddess in the Bengali household, Ma Manasa. The Paitkar paintings have links with the socio-religious custom of holding yajnas and giving alms. The paintings have a common subject – what happens to human life post death. Q.18) Chikankari is An intricate and fine shadow-work type of embroidery traditionally done with white yarn on colourless muslins called tanzeb. A carpet, akin to Persian carpets of Iranian origin, which is completely hand-made, hand-knotted and are primarily made in pure wool, pure silk and occasionally wool and silk blends. Literally a ‘pen craft’ – is an art that involves hand block printing apart from painting on a saree. A delicious food item of Ambur, Tamil Nadu, which recently got GI tag under Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection Act 1999) Act. Q.19) Conisder the following statements in regard to Thangka art: Thangka is one of the Manipur’s most ancient martial arts. Thangka involves using a sword or sphere against one or more opponents. Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both None Q.20) Which among the following is correct in regard to Geographical Indications of Goods or GI tags? Any established organisation or authority can apply for GI Tag after paying a certain fee. Registration of GI is valid for a period of 10 years (can be renewed from time 2 time). Registered GI is a Public Property, which belongs to the producer of goods can’t be licensed or mortgaged. A number of treaties administered by WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organisation) provide for the protection of GI. Choose the appropriate code: 1 only 1 and 2 only 1, 2 and 4 only All of the above Download the Solution- Click here P.S- Attempt these questions within 20 minutes with full honesty and write your results in the comment box. Next day, come back and check your result. You can also discuss the important concepts and issues, in case of doubts (among peers) All the best IASbaba

Jul 19, 2016 PIB

IASbaba Press Information Bureau (PIB)- 11th July to 17th July, 2016

ARCHIVES GS-2 Facilities to minorities from Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan residing in India (Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors)                       About- Union Cabinet chaired by the PM has approved the following facilities being extended to persons from Minority communities of Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan, namely Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis and Christians staying on Long Term Visa  (LTV) in India. Aimed at easing out the difficulties being faced by them and includes the following- Opening of bank account. Permission for purchase of property for self occupation and suitable accommodation for carrying out self – employment. Permission to take self employment. Issue of driving licence, PAN card and Aadhar number. Allowing free movement within the State /UT where they are staying. Transfer of LTV papers from one State to other. Waiver of penalty on non-extension of short term Visa /LTV on time. Permission to apply for LTV from the place of present residence when the applicants have moved to the place without permission. In order to facilitate such persons in acquisition of citizenship, Citizenship Rules 2009 will be amended. Background- Government has taken a number of steps during the last 2 years to facilitate the stay of persons belonging to minority communities of these countries. However, persons belonging to minority communities in Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan, namely Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis and Christians staying in India on Long Term Visa (LTV) continue to face difficulties with regard to several aspects of living. Cabinet approval will help ease out the difficulties faced by them.   15% disinvestment in NBCC (Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors)             About- Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs, chaired by PM, has approved the disinvestment of 15% paid up equity of National Buildings Construction Corporation Limited (NBCC) out of Government of India’s 90% shareholding. Result in- Estimated receipts of approx. Rs.1,706 crore to the Government. However, the actual realization amount will depend upon the market conditions and the investor interest prevailing at the time of actual disinvestment. Disinvestment would further broadbase NBCC’s shareholding and enhance the disinvestment receipts for making them available to the Government for utilization as per Disinvestment Policy. In order to inculcate a sense of belongingness amongst the employees of NBCC, it has also been decided to allot additional shares to the eligible and willing employees at a discount of 5% to the Issue/discovered (lowest cut off) price of the OFS. NBCC- NBCC was incorporated in 1960 as a wholly owned Government of India enterprise under the administrative control of the Ministry of Urban Development Objective: to become a leading company in the field of construction, engineering and project management consultancy services. The issue and subscribed equity capital as on 31.3.2016 was Rs.120 crore. Government of India holds 90% of the equity and balance by the public. NBCC IPO (Initial Public Offer) was launched in March, 2012, when the GoI divested 10% paid up equity capital of NBCC out of its 100% shareholding and got the Company listed on the stock Exchanges.   Intensified Diarrhoea Control Fortnight (IDCF) (Topic: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/ Services relating to health, education, human resources) About- Ministry of Health launched nationwide “Intensified Diarrhoea Control Fortnight (IDCF)”. Intensified Diarrhoea Control Fortnight (IDCF) will be observed from 11th to 23rd July across the country. Measures taken by Government- To reach out to the under-five children, the timing of the programme is very critical as this is just the onset of monsoon and diarrhoea is beginning to show up. ASHAs shall visit all households with children below five years of age for pre-positioning the ORS. They shall also explain the benefits of these. Importance of this activity is that ORS will be available in the household when needed at the time of diarrhoea. It is often observed that during critical stages of diarrhoea, ORS is not available in the households. Secondly, all health facilities shall have ORS corners which shall continuously demonstrate the way to prepare the ORS mixture. These corners will also administer ORS and Zinc to children who are in need of these during diarrhoea. With a sharpened focus on demand generation, an important component of the IDCF is IEC activities that shall not only create awareness but also generate demand. Intensified community awareness campaigns on hygiene and promotion of ORS and Zinc therapy will be conducted at the state, district and village levels.   Indian Scenario- There are about 10 crore children below five years of age across the country. During last year, due to the interventions carried out as part of IDCF, about 6.3 crore children were reached out to. This year in order to expand the cover of this fortnight; the target is to cover all the under-5 children. 21 Lakh children could be prevented from hospitalisation and death due to Diarrhoea last year. More than 5 lakh schools participated in the IDCF campaign and more than 3.5 lakh ORS corners were set up in the country. In order to ensure a sturdy mechanism for monitoring, this year, 23 national monitors shall assess the efficacy of the activities. This shall be complemented by monitors from the State governments and development partners. The combination of ORS and Zinc has been found to be the most cost-effective intervention to prevent deaths due to diarrhoea and has been recognised as one of the best practices globally.    India first nation to be formally acknowledged as yaws-free (Topic: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/ Services relating to health, education, human resources)   About- India is the first country to be officially acknowledged as being Yaws-free, as per official citation from WHO and UNICEF. Accomplishment is significant as- India has achieved this important milestone of being Yaws-free much before the WHO global target year of 2020. Also, India was validated for Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus Elimination (MNTE) in April 2015, much ahead of the global target date of December 2015. Highlights- Health Minister appealed to sustain this achievement of Maternal & Neonatal Tetanus Elimination (MNTE) by health system strengthening; high routine immunization coverage and promotion of institutional/Clean Delivery/clean cord practices and effective surveillance system. Gains in keeping India free from preventable deaths continues with introduction of newer vaccines such as Rotavirus vaccine, IPV, Adult JE and soon-to-be introduced Measles-Rubella in the public health programme of the country. Achievements will not only improve the health of marginalized communities, but will also enhance their socio-economic status and contribute to India’s wider development. India completed validation of MNTE in all of its 36 states and union territories in April 2015, much earlier than the target date of December 2015. While progress continues to be made, by June 2016, 19 countries have still not reached the maternal and neonatal elimination status. Elimination of Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus as a public health problem means that in India the annual rate of Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus is now less than 1 per 1000 live births.   Joint Statement by Indian Defence Minister and Japanese Defence Minister in New Delhi (Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interest)   About- Defence Minister of Japan Gen Nakatani is paying a bilateral visit to India at the invitation of Defence Minister Shri Manohar Parrikar. The two Ministers held the annual Defence Ministerial Meeting on 14 July 2016 in New Delhi. Highlights- Ministers exchanged ideas in a constructive, productive and positive atmosphere under the framework of the “India-Japan Special Strategic and Global Partnership”. Shared recognition that imperatives of a stronger bilateral strategic partnership require deep and broad based cooperation and concrete actions in defence and security fields. Two countries can work together to respond to global and regional challenges and jointly contribute to the peace, stability and prosperity of the Indo-Pacific region. Exchanged views and ideas on a wide range of issues pertaining to the current regional and international security situation as well as deepening of bilateral defence cooperation and exchanges. Explained respective defence policies to promote mutual understanding. Shared their concerns about the growing threat and universal reach of extremism. They emphasized that the evolving character of terrorism called for stronger international partnership in combating terrorism. Recognized the security and stability of the Seas connecting the Indian and Pacific Oceans as indispensable for the peace and prosperity of the Indo-Pacific region. Expressed grave concern over North Korea's continued development of its nuclear weapons and ballistic missile programmes. They urged North Korea to take concrete actions towards denuclearization and other goals as well as to fully comply with its international obligations, including under all relevant United Nations Security Council Resolutions. Acknowledged the importance of ASEAN-centered dialogue mechanisms including the ASEAN Defence Ministers' Meeting Plus (ADMM-Plus).They also welcomed other efforts under its framework including ADMM-Plus Experts' Working Group (EWG) and recognized its utility. Welcomed the signing of the bilateral Memorandum on Defence Co-operation and Exchanges between the two Defence Ministries, in September 2014, and the conclusion of Agreement concerning Transfer of Defence Equipment & Technology and Agreement Concerning Security Measures for the Protection of Classified Military Information during India-Japan summit meeting in December 2015. They expressed satisfaction at strengthening the foundation for bilateral defence cooperation and exchanges. Underlined their intention to explore more concrete and effective cooperation and decided to promote cooperation and exchanges in the following areas- High-level and Working-level Exchanges Exchanges between Indian Army and Japan Ground Self-Defence Force Exchanges between Indian Navy and Japan Maritime Self-Defence Force Exchanges between Indian Air Force and Japan Air Self-Defence Force Education and academic exchanges Cooperation in Defence Equipment and Technology Commitment to continue discussions to deepen the bilateral defence relationship including through technology cooperation and co-development.   GS-3 Nuclear power reactor unit at Kudankulam goes critical (Topic: Achievements of Indians in science and technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology)   About- Second Nuclear power reactor Unit of 1000 MWe capacity at Kudankulam in Tamil Nadu achieved criticality on, 10th July, 2016. Kundankulam- This is the second 1,000 MW pressurised water reactor to go critical in the country. The first unit at Kudankulam went critical in July 2013. Unit will start commercial generation in four to six months’ time. Prior to that, tests have to be conducted and then the unit will be connected to the Southern power grid. Approach towards criticality started on Friday with the gradual removal of the control rods. Once the second unit at Kudankulam starts power generation to its full capacity, the total atomic power capacity in Tamil Nadu would go up to 2,440 MW.   DRDO Embarked Major Success in Advanced Artillery Gun System (Topic: Achievements of Indians in science and technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology)   About- DRDO achieved yet another technological breakthrough by successfully conducting the proof firing of Armament system for 155 mm x 52 calibre Advanced Towed Artillery Gun System (ATAGS) during the technical trials conducted recently at Proof & Experimental Establishment (PXE), Balasore. ATAGS- It is fully indigenous towed artillery gun system project undertaken in mission mode by DRDO as a part of artillery modernisation programme of Indian Army. Armament Research & Development Establishment (ARDE), Pune is the nodal laboratory of DRDO for design & development of ATAGS along with other DRDO laboratories. Armament system of ATAGS mainly comprise barrel, breech mechanism, muzzle brake and recoil mechanism to fire 155 mm calibre ammunitions held by Indian Army with a longer range, accuracy and precision and provides greater fire power. ATAGS is configured with all electric drive to ensure maintenance free and reliable operation over a longer period of time. It will have a firing range of 40 Km with advanced features in terms of high mobility, quick deployability, auxiliary power mode, advanced communication system, automatic command and control system with night firing capability in direct fire mode. Development trajectory of ATAGS aims at establishing indigenous critical defence manufacturing technologies with the active participation of- Ordnance Factories + DPSUs and Private industries including Bharat Forge Limited + Tata Power Strategic Engineering Division and Mahindra Defence Naval System to meet the aspiration of Make in India initiative in defence sector. DRDO is committed to develop and field ATAGS in the shortest timeframe with active participation by leading industries to meet the requirement of Indian Army. The first fully integrated gun system will be ready for user trials by early 2017.   Indian Engineering gets global attention at INNOPROM ’16, Russia (Topic: Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth)   Context- India has put up an impressive show at INNOPROM 2016, the largest annual international industrial trade fair of Russia. India is the Partner Country for INNOPROM 2016. Indian companies participating at INNOPROM 2016 will- Highlight strengths in the area of engineering and innovation under the ‘Brand India Engineering’ campaign Showcase strong potential for growth in India-Russia bilateral trade. Stress on strong business to business ties between India & Russia. India- Russia business forum is expected to form business associations between various Indian & global firms.   Recommendations of SIT on Black Money (Topic: Indian economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment)   SIT recommendations in the Fifth Report- Cash transactions- SIT has felt that large amount of unaccounted wealth is stored and used in form of cash hence there is a need to put an upper limit to cash transactions. SIT has recommended that there should be a total ban on cash transactions above Rs. 3,00,000 and an Act is framed to declare such transactions as illegal and punishable under law. Cash holding- Given the fact of unaccounted wealth being held in cash which are further confirmed by huge cash recoveries in numerous enforcement actions by law enforcement agencies from time to time, the above limit of cash transaction can only succeed if there is a limitation on cash holding. SIT has suggested an upper limit of Rs. 15 lakhs on cash holding. Further, stating that in case any person or industry requires holding more cash, it may obtain necessary permission from the Commissioner of Income tax of the area.   Revival of defunct Fertilizer Units in Gorakhpur, Sindri and Barauni (Topic: Agriculture produce and issues and related constraints)   About- Union Cabinet chaired by the PM has approved the revival of defunct Fertilizer Units in Gorakhpur, Sindri and Barauni. Include two closed urea units of - Fertilizer Corporation India Limited (FCIL) at Sindri (Jharkhand) and Gorakhpur (Uttar Pradesh) and Barauni (Bihar) unit of Hindustan Fertilizers Corporation Limited (HFCL). About fertilizers units These three fertilizers units would be revived by means of Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) of Public Sector Units (PSUs) namely, National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC), Coal India Limited (CIL), Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) and FCIL/HFCL, through ‘nomination route’. Significance- Setting up of new units at Sindri, Gorakhpur and Barauni will meet the growing demand of urea of Bihar, West Bengal and Jharkhand. Ease the pressure on railway and road infrastructure due to long distance transportation of urea from Western and Central Regions and thereby saving in Govt. subsidy on freight. Accelerate the economic development of the region. Apart from growth of regional economy, these units will create opportunities for 1200 direct and 4500 indirect employments. Units will serve as anchor customer for this pipeline and ensure its viability M/s GAIL (India) Limited has planned to lay a gas pipeline from Jagdishpur to Haldia. Commissioning Jagdishpur-Haldia gas pipeline (JHPL) is important for development of critical infrastructure in Eastern India and will have multiplier effect on economic growth of the region. CCEA earlier had approved gas pooling for urea sector which will enable these units to get gas at pooled price on its revival which will make the urea units globally competitive. Background- These units were lying defunct since their closure during 1990-2002. Therefore, the units and other associated facilities were lying unutilized. It is important to mention here that there is no functional urea unit in the Eastern part of the country except two small units at Namrup (Assam). Earlier in 2015, Government had approved revival of these three units through ‘bidding route’. However, the bidding process could not be carried forward due to receipt of only one application each against ‘Request for Qualifications’ (RFQs) for revival of Gorakhpur and Sindri units of FCIL. Annual consumption of urea in the country is approx. 320 LMT, out of which 245 LMT is produced indigenously and rest is imported. To enhance the production of urea indigenously, Govt. had earlier also approved the revival of Talcher (Odisha) & Ramagundam (Telangana) units of FCIL by PSUs through ‘nomination route’.   National Workshop on Solid and Liquid Waste Management under Swachh Bharat (Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment) About- Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation had organized a two day National Workshop on Solid and Liquid Waste Management (SLWM) under Swachh Bharat Mission on July 15th-16th, 2016. Aim of the workshop- To share successful national and international models for effective SLWM To arrive at a system to reflect the SLWM initiatives in the SBM Management Information System (MIS) To ultimately move towards a Village Swachhta Index (VSI) which will be the national metric to measure cleanliness of Indian villages in objective terms.Clean village is broadly defined as a village which- is Open Defecation Free has effective Solid and Liquid Waste Management has Visual Cleanliness Highlights- Segregation, collection, treatment and disposal of garbage should preferably be done in a decentralized manner. Most villages of Kerala are doing this sustainably through vermin composting, biogas plants, soak pits, and water treatment practices, which can be an example for replication in many other States of the country. Kerala has adopted the slogan “My Waste is My Responsibility” as an important means to create public awareness. State is working hard on developing and implementing decentralized waste management models using low cost technologies. Kerala has taken up the Open Defecation Free (ODF) challenge and is aiming to become India’s second ODF State (after Sikkim) by November 1, 2016. Status of SLWM in Kerala State has the highest level of rural consumption, which means that it is one of the largest generators of rural waste. It has a highest density of population and high rural labour cost. There are a number of unique strengths of the State, particularly its strong Gram Panchayats, the Self Help Group ecosystem, rising public awareness regarding waste due to spread of new-generation communicable diseases and ill-effects of waste on the tourism in the State, and an activist media. These strengths have led to a rich legacy of community efforts, a strong NGO sector, technological progress, and a strengthened capacity building system. Green Protocol in the State under which all government events and offices are free from use of disposable plastic and paper items and there is a strong focus on minimizing wastage. Government subsidy given for home composting systems for wet waste management at household level, adding that a number of citizens were taking up composting without availing subsidies simply to make natural compost to grow organic vegetables in their kitchen gardens.   TRI-NETRA - Terrain imaging for diesel dRivers Infra-red, Enhanced Optical & Radar Assisted system (Topic: Infrastructure- Energy, Ports, Airports, Railways) About- Ministry of Railways, Railway Board has initiated a proposal to install TRI-NETRA systems on locomotives for enhancing the vision of Locomotive Pilots in inclement weather. TRI-NETRA- TRI-NETRA system shall be made up of- High-resolution optical video camera + High sensitivity infra-red video camera + Radar-based terrain mapping system. These three components of the system shall act as three eyes (Tri-Netra) of the Locomotive Pilot. TRI-NETRA is designed to “see” the terrain ahead of the running locomotive during rough weather by combining the images captured by the three sub-systems and to create a composite video image which shall be displayed in front of the Loco Pilot on a computer monitor. Concept developed by Development Cell under the guidance of Member Mechanical, Railway Board while brainstorming on how to use the technology employed by fighter aircrafts to see through clouds and operate in pitch darkness and the technology used by naval ships in mapping the ocean floor and navigating in the night. Such an “assisted vision” system is not available readily in any of the advanced railway systems but the manufacturers and technology partners who develop components of such systems for defence are very excited with the concept. There has been very enthusiastic response to this Expression of Interest (EoI) published by Railway Board and number of companies from Israel, Finland, USA and Austria have expressed interest in developing such a system.   Importance- During fog, heavy rain and also during night, the locomotive pilots face serious challenges in looking out ahead to spot any obstruction on the track such as vehicles which get stuck while crossing the track or trees or boulders which have fallen across the track etc. Because of the heavy momentum of the running train, the train driver has to always adjust the speed of the train such that he or she can stop the train on visually seeing the obstruction. In fair weather and in daytime, this is not a problem since train driver has a clear view of the track ahead. But in poor visibility, he has to reduce the speed suitably so that the brakes can be applied in time to stop the train without hitting the obstructions. This is where TRI-NETRA will come into picture and give the locomotive pilot a clear view of the track ahead in bad visibility conditions so that he can apply brakes well in time. Conversely, he can speed up the train even in poor visibility if the TRI-NETRA system shows that the track ahead is clear of obstruction. The system shall also map the terrain ahead so that the driver knows when he is approaching a station or a signal.

Jul 18, 2016 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 18th July, 2016

Archives   IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 18th July, 2016   NATIONAL/ECONOMICS   TOPIC: General Studies 2 Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian Diaspora. General Studies 3 Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.   Is protectionism a problem? Will the next USA President be committed to free trade? Democratic candidate has given lukewarm support to free trade as well as Trans-Pacific Partnership. Republican candidate is hostile towards trade deals that throw open US markets. Trump envisages a 35% tariff on imported cars and parts produced by Ford plants in Mexico and a 45% tariff on imports from China. Such a step is called as Tariff protection Tariff protection policy means that a duty is imposed on imports to raise their price, making them less attractive to consumers and thus protecting domestic industries from foreign competition Implications Economists are of the opinion that such ‘tariff protectionist’ measures may prove to be macroeconomic disasters. Would repudiate free and open trade Reduce confidence of the stakeholders/investors and decrease investments Other countries would retaliate by imposing their own import tariffs History: Such step had been taken in USA by Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act in 1930s. Is such step advisable? When a country is facing deflation and experiencing liquidity trap, tariff protection can be considered- Upward prices during deflation are needed as higher prices encourage firms to raise production, households to increase their spending. Due to low inflation, they can also reduce their debts and US Fed need not also raise the interest rates owing to depressed macroeconomic condition. Deflation: Fall in prices, lower productivity, loss of jobs, thus slower economic growth. It increases value of money in a sense that goods are cheaper, but people save more in hope of further price reduction. Thus, there is slowdown in economic activities and ultimately, people end up earning less. Great Depression is an example. (Advantage is increased exports due to inflationary trends in other countries) Liquidity trap: Consumers prefer saving in banks than other investment options even when central bank is infusing more money to stimulate economy. Low interest rates spur low-risk and high-liquid investments. In such situations, the bondholders sell off their bonds and prioritize cash savings. However, tariff protection in normal circumstances will impact the global trade negatively.   Consider an example Product A costs= $100 Step taken: Now, President Trump announces 50% tariff on Chinese imports used in the product. The new price of product A= $150 So, the US manufacturers will turn to domestic producers and thus put upward pressure on US prices. The revised price of product A comes to $120. Hence, this will help during deflation. China’s Reaction: However, President Xi Jinping retaliates with a Chinese tariff. This means that US goods become more expensive abroad and thus, there will be decrease in US exports. Consequently, the domestic producers will raise the domestic prices to sustain and hence, the final price of product A will be more than $120 Overall Effect: From the viewpoint of American consumer, any product they buy, whether Chinese (now subject to tax) or US produced substitute, it will be more costly than before. Alternate to Tariff Protectionism— There are other alternates to raise prices and stimulate economic activity by Tax cuts Increase in public spending The tariff protection is not a macroeconomic problem during deflationary condition; similarly, free trade is not a solution for stagnation. (Stagnation: Prolonged period of little or no growth in economy (less than 2-3% annually)) The Smoot-Hawley Act The Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act is a U.S. law enacted in June 1930 which caused an increase in import duties by as much as 50%. Goal: To increase U.S. farmer protection against agricultural imports Other sectors got wind of it and they also increased their tariffs President Hoover: Signed it despite requesting him not to do so. Hence, as a sign of disapproval to the act, other countries retaliated and also increased their tariffs. Though it did not cause the Great Depression, it certainly did ignite other damaging consequences— Disrupted international financial system operation Free trade and free international capital flows hand in hand. Countries that import have to export to pay off their debts The foreign relations soured because of this act, due to widespread defaults on foreign debts, financial distress and collapse of international capital flows Geopolitical tensions due to trade wars France: Outraged by American taxation of French speciality exports—urged economic war against US UK: Taxed imports from US; gave special preference to Commonwealth nations Canada: The then PM warned of outbreak of ‘border warfare’ and deteriorated political relations Thus, such diplomatic conflicts created a setback to efforts made for stabilizing the international financial system and end to the global decline. The result was that banks in foreign countries began to fail and international trade declined drastically (world trade decline of 66% between 1929 and 1934). IASbaba’s Views The need was: All the country governments should have worked together and focussed on the rising Nazi threat and German re-militarisation. Thus, tariff protectionism might not be a bad macroeconomic policy in liquidity trap situation and should be limited to need-based economic conditions. But, it is not a good foreign policy either, hence should be used cautiously. Connecting the dots: Is tariff protectionism a preferable act by any country? Do you agree? Enumerate.   Refer: Post-Nairobi: WTO- Doha Development Agenda India’s trade pacts in a changing world   MUST READ Limits to autonomy Hindu   From plate to plough: A thought for food Indian Express   Protect the witness Indian Express   South China Sea and world disorder Livemint Related Articles: Storm on the South China Sea Seizing the ‘One Belt, One Road’ opportunity The Big Picture – South China Sea: Impact of Tribunal Verdict   Can India fish its way out of its protein troubles? Livemint   The Reserve Bank of India conundrum Livemint Related Articles: The government must let RBI do its job   The ‘Individual Revolution’ is here Business Line   Terror networks or ‘lone wolves’ at work? Business Line Related Articles: The growing Islamic State threat: a “Big Concern”   Development without dialogue Business Line

Jul 18, 2016 60 Days Plan 2019 - Daily Prelims Test

IASbaba ’60 Day Plan- Prelims Test 2016 MEDIEVAL HISTORY & CURRENT AFFAIRS [DAY 55]

Click here to get all the Tests– Archives Hello Friends Hope you are enjoying Daily questions. The link for Day 54 solution is active now.  Why we asked you to comment? Now go back to check your answers that you posted with honest effort. Edit your answers with marks. Everyday like this you can self monitor your progress for all 60 days. Accountability to self is the only way for success IASbaba '60 Day Plan' - Prelims Test 2016 [Day 55] Q.1) Narasimhavarman I is considered to be one of the greatest rulers of the Pallava Dynasty. Consider the following statements regarding Narsimhavarman I: He was also known as ‘Mamalla’, meaning ‘Great Wrestler’. He was defeated by the army of the Chalukyan ruler Pulakesin II. During his reign Huen Tsang visited the Pallava Capital, Kanchipuram. He was the founder of the city Mamallapuram and monolithic temples were erected during his reign. Which of the above statements are correct? 1,2 and 3 1,3 and 4 1,3 and 4 All of the above Q.2) Consider the following statements: The Vaishnava Nayanmars and Shaiva Alwars contributed to the growth of Vaishnavism and Shaivism in Southern India during early medieval times. They composed their hymns in Sanskrit and Prakrit. Which of the above statements are incorrect? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.3) The Aihole inscription give the details of the reign of: Pulakesin II Krishna Deva Raya Dharampala Raja Bhoj Q.4) Consider the following statements: Rashtrakutas patronized Jainism and played an important role in establishing Jainism in Deccan. Rashtrakutas widely patronized Sanskrit Literature and Kannada Literature saw its beginning during their time. Rashtrakuta Ruler, Amoghavarsha I, wrote the first poetic work in Kannada Language. Which of the above statements are correct? 1 only 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.5) There were certain norms of disqualification for the members of village panchayat during Chola Period. Which of the following statements were amongst those norms? Those who had been members of the committees for the past three years. Those who had failed to submit accounts as committee members. Those who had committed sins. Those who had stolen the property of others. Select the code from below: 1 and 3 1,3 and 4 1,2 and 3 All of the above Q.6) Consider the following statements: He banned the engraving of Islamic Kalma on the coins. He reintroduced Jazia, a tax paid by only non-Muslims. He used to sleep on the ground and drank plain water. He was known as the Zinda Fakir. Which of the following emperors is being described by the above statements? Alauddin Khilji Akbar Shah Jehan Aurangzeb Q.7) Consider the following statements regarding Sher Shah Suri: He occupied Delhi by defeating Mughal emperor Humayun twice, in the battle of Chausa and the battle of Kannauj. He issued a standardized silver coin called ‘Rupiya’. Akbar’s administrative system and taxation was largely based on the system established by Sher Shah. Sher Shah died in a battle near Sasaram fighting against Akbar’s Army. Which of the above statements are correct? 1,2 and 3 2,3 and 4 1 and 2 All of the above Q.8) Which of the following sultans of Delhi Sultanate established a Famine Code to relieve the victims of Famine? Mohammad Tughlaq Bahlol Lodhi Alauddin Khilji Balban Q.9 Consider the following statements regarding Alauddin Khilji: Alauddin for the first time introduced the reforms in the army and started the system of branding the horses “Dagh” and biometric information about the soldiers “Chehra”. He organized and introduced a countrywide spy system. He was the First Sultan who set up a “permanent Standing Army” of the sultanate. He faced maximum number of Mongol attacks and was able to deter them. Which of the above statements are correct? 1 and 2 1,2 and 3 2, 3 and 4 All of the above Q.10) Consider the following statements: He implemented the Iranian Theory of Divine Rights which said that Sultan is the representative of God on Earth. In his court only the king was allowed to sit and everyone else kept standing. He introduced ‘Qadam bosi’(kissing of the feet) and Sajda (bowing infront of the sultan). Which of the following kings introduced the above system? Balban Iltutmish Aurangzeb Mohammad bin Tughlaq Q.11) Consider the following Titles: Title                                                           Personality Zil-e-Ilahi                                                   Babur Alamgir                                                      Dara Shikoh Shah-i-Buland Iqbal                                Aurangzeb Which of the above are incorrectly matched? 1 only 2 and 3 1 and 3 None of the above Q.12) The legend says that some of the Rajput clans were born from the Fire Altar (Agni kund). Which of the following clans are Agnikula? Chauhans Chalukyas Pratiharas Parmars Select the code from the following: 1,2 and 3 3 only 2,3 and 4 All of the above Q.13) Consider the following statements: Chachnama is the oldest chronicle of Bengal region. Rajatarangini is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the Kings of Kashmir. Which of the above statements are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.14) Consider the following Statements: Sankaracharya started a Hindu rivavalist movement and introduced the doctrine of Advaitavada or monoism. Ramanuja from Kannada region preached Dvaitavaad or dualism of Jivatma and Parmatma. Madhavacharya born near modern Chennai, preached Vishitadvaitvaad. Which of the above statements are correct? 1 only 2 and 3 3 only All of the above Q.15) A commentary on ‘Bhagvad Geeta’ called ‘Gnaneswari’ was written by which of the following Bhakti Saints? Gnanadeva Namadeva Ekanath Tukaram Q.16) The ethnic group ‘Dinka’ and ‘Nuer’ belong to which country? South Africa South Sudan Botswana Reunion Islands Q.17) Recently we have started hearing more about ‘Sleeper Cells’ in the country. What are they? A special initiative by the Railways to host mothers with infants during their journey in a safe manner. Underground groups of trained terrorists Special investigative team’s set-up by CCIT in the country to oversee safety A special group in Kashmir lending its support to Burhan and his ideology Q.18) Identify the country/countries that had opposed India’s proposal for a Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism (CCIT)— European Union S.A Organisation of Islamic Countries Latin America Choose the correct option from the following: Only 1 2, 3 and 4 1, 3 and 4 3 and 4 Q.19) Consider the following statements: India’s per capita consumption is less than the world average. India’s per capita consumption is the highest among the BRICS nation. Choose the correct option from the following: Only 1 Only 2 Both 1 and 2 None of the above Q.20) Consider the following statements: UGC is a non-statutory body. It was first formed in 1945 to oversee the work of two Central Universities of Aligarh and Calcutta. S.R. Subramanium Committee has recommended the law that has set up the higher education regulator UGC be allowed to lapse. Choose the incorrect option from the following: Only 1 Both 1 and 2 Only 3 Only 2 Download the Solution- Click here P.S- Attempt these questions within 20 minutes with full honesty and write your results in the comment box. Next day, come back and check your result. You can also discuss the important concepts and issues, in case of doubts (among peers) All the best IASbaba

Jul 18, 2016 RSTV Video

The Big Picture - Uniform Civil Code: Where does one begin?

Archives     Uniform Civil Code: Where does one begin?   Right from the time the Indian Constitution was in the making, the debate of existence of Uniform Civil Code (UCC) has been raised continuously. The Constitution makers decided that the time then was not right to go ahead to try and formulate a common code and left it for posterity with a Directive Principle that India should strive to have one. Why UCC in news? It is 66 years since enactment of Constitution and it is still debated about the pros and cons of adopting a common code. However, there is a difference now. The NDA government has formally asked the Law Commission to look into the issue and present a report. This is the first time a government has asked the commission, which has a crucial advisory role on legal reform, to look into the politically controversial issue of a uniform civil code. Even if the commission starts preparing the consultations, the issue has not surprisingly assumed, political colours. Though, the motive behind the move is being questioned by opposition parties and also a section of minority leaders are expressing their concerns. All these concerns and objections have to be addressed though wider debates and discussions and find common ground for concensus. Background During colonial era, the British applied the common criminal code for all But they allowed religious laws to be applied in court in case of dealing with personal disputes between people of the same religion. Shariat law, 1937 was passed to govern the personal matters of all Indian Muslims by Islamic laws The Constituent Assembly argued for a common personal law for marriage, divorce, inheritance and adoption, while others believed that this was a goal to be achieved in stages. The Directive Principle (Art 44)—“shall endeavour to secure for citizens a uniform civil code”—was a compromise since the time was not right. What is Uniform Civil Code? Uniform civil code is the proposal to replace the personal laws based on the scriptures and customs of each major religious community in India with a common set of laws governing every citizen. These laws are distinguished from public law and cover marriage, divorce, inheritance, adoption and maintenance. Is UCC brought earlier? The government of India has referred the issue to Law Commission. It is a routine matter as Law Commission exists for that. The difference is that the Law Commission has not been asked to draft a civil code nor it is its job. The wordings are ‘examine the issue and give a report’. Until now, there has been no report on UCC by Law Commission. It has not examined the issue at all. Justice Lakshmanan had submitted two reports and they do not examine the UCC. One is of civil marriages and other is how to make compulsory registration of marriages. From 1951 till now, the Law Commission has submitted 262 reports. Out of it, the Law Commission has 24 reports on whose basis it can initiate the examining of UCC formation. The reports are on personal laws, family laws etc. Concept of UCC Whenever this topic is taken up, there is a certain amount of discomfort observed within Muslims. There is a feeling that it is aimed at them. The reason for such discomfort is that there is no clear picture of what UCC will be like. For 66 years it is in constitution but no government has tried to give a draft of UCC and merely held talks in air. There even exists different views on Article 44. There is nothing called as ‘common civil code’. The article 44 speaks of ‘uniform’ and not ‘common’ civil code. It does not ask Parliament or State to enact it straight away. The article states that ‘the state shall endeavour to secure…’ which doesn’t mean having one single law and replacing all personal laws. Some contradictions: In 1954, a General Law of Marriages was already enacted, yet there was a separate Hindu Marriage Act in 1955. Similarly, there was a Guardian and Wards Act already enacted in 1890 which was applicable to everybody, yet Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act was enacted in 1956. There existed Indian Succession Act, 1925 and yet a Hindu Succession Act was enacted in 1956. This shows that uniformity is needed to avoid contradictions. The idea is that there should be uniformity in the family laws enacted now onwards. However, such practice has been observed since 1954, where a many laws have been enacted that apply to every community. The Dowry Prohibition Act, The Special Marriage Act Domestic Violence Act Maintenance of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, Child Marriage Prohibition Act. They apply to every community and every individual irrespective of the religion or personal law. Difference between UCC and reform of personal laws There is some confusion about concept of UCC. Personal law reform and UCC are two different things. One is about reforming the existing laws and other is subsuming all personal laws. Hindu law has been reformed, amended drastically in 1955-56. But not Muslim law which is waiting for amendment of Muslim personal law. It has been silently observed that successive governments had been giving option to the Muslims either to bear with misinterpreted and misused caricatured personal law or accept UCC. That is why, UCC is observed with an eye of suspicion. A general perception in communities is that UCC is a euphemism for Hindu laws enacted in 1955-56. To dispel that fear, there is a need of draft. For instance, Triple talaq is un-Islamic and court can apply art 14 (right to live with equality) and art 21 (right to live with dignity). It is un-Islamic because Muslim scholars have interpreted Quran in surah 65 verse 1 which requires two waiting period of three months each before the divorce is valid under Muslim law. Why UCC needed? - One view The Constitution makers had a vision to enact UCC in future to have a same set of civil laws governing all irrespective of religion. The present government has brought forward the issue as a part of its fulfilment of manifesto of having a Uniform Civil Code. The need is for a larger debate, where even issues which had been previously eluded from public debates, are carried out. For instance, human right issues, gender equality issues etc. The UCC is not with regard to religious practices. It has no discussion about harming any religious, community or minority practices as such. It is talking about segregation between aspects like marriage, divorce, inheritance which are in domain of civil laws. Ultimately when India has to adhere to secular credential of constitution and nation, there should be a uniform civil code just like a uniform criminal code where human rights, women rights are protected and there is uniformity in implementing day-to-day affairs. There are certain issues which require attention when a certain group called Bhartiya Muslim Mahila Andolan says that there is need of reform in marriage and divorce of personal law which is supported by more than 90% Muslim women. It can also mean that when talked about UCC, it is talking about problems in minority communities. Triple Talaq: the infamous provision which allows a Muslim man to divorce her wife by pronouncing talaq three times. Polygamy: According to the 1961 census (the last census to record such data), polygamy was actually less prevalent among Indian Muslims (5.7%) than among several other religious groups (Adivasis-15.25%, Buddhists-7.9%, and Hindus-5.8%). Christian divorce: Christian couples must wait for a two-year separation before filing for divorce when it is just one year for others. Is UCC required? - Another view UCC may not be even required because the constitution of India doesn’t permit discrimination between man and woman and if there is any discrimination on any basis, it will be rectified by the courts. 93% of Muslim nations have held triple talaq as illegal. India is signatory to Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women. This makes India accountable to its implementation. The SC has taken up the triple talaq case and several Muslim organisations have also gone to court which at some point of time will translate into a befitting decision. When Hindu code bill came, many customs were disregarded. There were protests and agitations, but ultimately it was implemented. If there exists a law which is not in conformity with constitution, the constitution will prevail. Art 14 and 19 can’t be ignored. Whether there is UCC or not, the constitution is sufficient and competent to protect minorities, especially Muslim women in India. Another law is not needed. Basis of UCC enactment It is a very interesting intervention as one view expresses that whole debate is essentially meant to focus on triple talaq and thereby politically target the Muslim community. The same stand was taken during NDA 1. Degree of implementation of various DPSP provisions is visible. A DPSP bans cow slaughter and another calls for implementation of UCC. But contradictions in their implementation is visible. Thus, there is a need to address the personal law reforms of various sections of society like Christians, Muslims, Dalits etc. Such discussions at platform like of Law Commission assure holistic dimension embracement and consider topics like equality of religion, gender and other issues to be mandated. Challenges to UCC implementation UCC is replacement of all personal laws, including minority communities. This may violate, if not taken care of, certain fundamental rights like Art 25, 26 and 29. The triple talaq is not the only issue. In shahabano case, the Muslim law was challenged for first time. Other examples include The Muslim community believes that the succession, the inheritance is recorded in Quran. If you change that, it means you are changing Quranic injunction. Whether a Quranic injunction can be changed by replaced law is the issue. Hindus were against granting equal property rights to women, fearing the concept of a joint family might crumble because of it. Thus, women have less share in property inheritance or share as per Hindu laws. A common inheritance law may pose challenges in acceptance in heavily loaded patriarchal society. Muslims do not have any adoption laws as there is no provision in Islamic law for adoption. If a future law makes adoption permissible and valid, how would it conflict with personal laws of religion? Practices such as divorce were prohibited by Hinduism and that for a Hindu the institution of marriage is indissoluble. The issue is whether there should be any law which should be applied to all uniformly in place of their personal law which may arise from religion, custom or practices. Thus, it is important that the reform is not only for the personal law but a debate is required for more prominence of secular thread of country. Is the time ripe for UCC? For almost 70 years, the country has managed without a common civil code. Is it needed now? There are arguments on both sides which shows our secular and republican nature and that a common law for all citizens is needed. It can promote some kind of national integration. The other side is to maintain unity in diversity. The country is inhabited by people of all colour, race, religion and cultures and languages. Thus, there is a view point that a particular religious law, for example Shariat law which springs from Quran and Muslims believe in Quran above everything. Shariat law cannot be changed by any constitution. So, that view point has to be accommodated by some kind of consensus. And unless the consensus is reached, it may not lead to national integration. Thus, it is a time for caution and imposing it will not serve the purpose. All personal laws-Christian, Muslim, Hindu need reforms. They are all legal concepts. But there is a political side to it wherein political influence is imposed which makes a rational debate difficult. Reform in religion is the crying need and has been for centuries. The reforms sine quo non- modernising religion, making it tenable in future. Two aspect Reform of religion needed and demand should come from people. As a government feels, there should be a larger debate on UCC to decide if it should be there or not. It has to perform the advisory role. However, it needs to be seen if such debates can be done without polarising the country. No particular time may be ripe for India to absorb a Uniform Civil Code in its entirety. It will have to be the result of gradual change that Indian society absorbs while interpreting in different ways its multicultural diversity. All communities in this country will be willing to contemplate a change gradually rather than being forced to do so abruptly. Connecting the dots Critically evaluate the need of Uniform Civil Code in India. Uniform Civil Code may promote homogeneity which may be harmful for heterogeneous country like India. Do you agree? Substantiate. Key words: Personal laws: personal laws is what one confronts in personal lives from birth to death, viz. laws of marriage, maintenance, adoption, custody, guardianship of children and succession. Family laws: Shahabano case: stirred up debate in 1985 about Muslim personal law and need for UCC. Shahbano was divorced and was given maintenance by ex-husband during the period of iddat only (three-month period after divorce in which she cannot remarry). The case went upto SC which granted her maintenance under sec 125 of CrPC which is applicable to all equally, irrespective of religion. This, was a landmark judgment where a personal law was overridden by constitutional arrangement. Hindu code bill: a set of common laws governing personal matters for all Hindus. It was received with much furore and opposition. Later it was split into the Hindu Marriage Act, the Hindu Succession Act, the Hindu Minority, and Guardianship Act, and the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act.

Jul 17, 2016 Important Articles

VERY IMPORTANT: REGISTRATION LINK FOR MAINS OFFLINE 2016 ACTIVE NOW!

Hello Friends, As promised, we have activated the registration link for IASbaba's MAINS OFFLINE, 2016 BATCH. Read it carefully and do the needful. Click on the image to Register! Thank You IASbaba

Jul 17, 2016 Motivational Articles

Creative Guidance – The voice that says, 'Give Up' – Inspirational & Educative Articles

The voice that says, 'Give Up' If there is anything worth fighting; it is that silent inner voice which says, ‘Give Up’. It is surprising how often we hear this voice. Almost everything we try to accomplish in life requires effort and giving up is the easiest way to escape the effort. Hence it’s a constant mantra of the mind to keep chanting ‘Give Up’. You have been studying for a few hours, you are tired and feeling sleepy, there is that inner voice saying, ‘Give Up’ go to sleep. You have set the alarm to wake up early in the morning; the alarm rings and there is that inner voice again, ‘Give Up’ just go to sleep. The most difficult of things to recognize and overcome is this tiny whispering voice which constantly limits what you are and what you can be. There is no success for the one who cannot overcome this inner voice. Success is simply a way of recognizing this voice and overcoming it. The voice ‘Give Up’ has a cousin ‘Do it later’. ‘Do it later’ is almost, if not even more detrimental to your progress than ‘Give Up’. At least with ‘Give Up’ you can eventually recognize it as a weakness and overcome it. But with ‘Do it later’ there is no real motivation to break the habit. ‘Do it later’ is pure negativity dressed in positive clothes. It takes more effort to recognize and beat it. Both of them together, ‘Give up’ and ‘Do it later’ can bring down your infinite potential to almost infinitesimal level. If you cannot listen to and overcome this inner voice again and again, you will not be able to accomplish much. There are no big barriers to success, what you need to be aware of are these tiny inner voices of tiredness, boredom and negativity. Just beyond the voice ‘Give Up’ is the vastness of your true potential. If you can just push yourself a little further every time you hear this voice, then you can go farther than you have ever imagined. In truth there is absolutely no limitation to your creativity, energy and positivity. It’s just that listening to your inner voices of negativity has become a habit. Once the habit is broken, you will discover a whole new you. Try this. Every time you feel like giving up, just tell yourself, ’10 more minutes’ and push yourself to accomplish the task for those 10 minutes. Again when you hear the voice, ‘Give Up’ tell yourself 10 more minutes! This simple habit of pushing yourself a little further every time you want to give up can make all the difference. “The articles are a copyright of The Ahamo Movement and IASBABA.” Read more such articles– Click Here

Jul 16, 2016 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 16th July, 2016

Archives   IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 16th July, 2016   INTERNATIONAL   TOPIC: General studies 2 International Affairs - Turkey and Kurds Issue Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests. Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora.   Turkey and Kurds Issue: Full Story Why Turkey is in news? Military Coup: Turkey's army launches a coup attempt A section of Turkey’s military on Friday tried to overthrow President Tayyip Erdogan who has been in power since 2003. If the coup is successful, it will be a significant power shift in West Asia, already struggling with failed states, internal strife and the threat from ISIS. Turkey – which is a strategically important Muslim-majority nation– has already seen three full military coups since 1960. Turkey versus IS and Kurds: Turkey is battling threats on two main fronts, against Islamic State group jihadists and Kurdish militants. Geo-strategic significance (Syria Issue): Turkey, a NATO frontline state was also in News as it waited for almost a year to join US-led air strikes on Syria (against Islamic State jihadists) and to open its air bases to US planes. Turkey versus Russia: Turkey had criticised Russia's intervention in Syria, which had provoked several airspace incidents along its border. Geographical importance of Turkey: Turkey is located between Europe and Asia. Turkey's location at the crossroads of Europe and Asia makes it a country of significant geostrategic importance. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Syria and Iraq to the south; Iran, Armenia, and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the east; Georgia to the northeast; Bulgaria to the northwest; and Greece to the west. The Black Sea is to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Aegean Sea to the west. The Bosphorus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Thrace and Anatolia. Note: Locate and remember all the above said straits and seas in your Atlas. (Important for exams) Strategic importance of Turkey With a Black Sea coastline facing Russia, Turkey has been a NATO frontline state for more than 60 years. (NATO member since 1952) Turkey’s strategically placed location is important for US, as both can take part in the US-led fight against Islamic State jihadists Turkey bordering with Black Sea, makes it a prime location to watch the activities of Russia and contain Russia. Turkey had criticised Russia's intervention in Syria, which has provoked several airspace incidents along its border. Turkey has played a key role in Europe's migrant crisis, having taken in more than two million Syrian refugees, compared with its own population of around 78 million. Troubled political life The Republic of Turkey was created as a secular state in 1923 after the collapse of the Ottoman empire at the end of World War I. Its founder Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was president until his death in 1938. His successor Ismet Inonu introduced multi-party democracy in 1946. Turkey witnessed repressive military coups in 1960, 1971 and 1980. In 1997 the Turkish military also forced out current President Recep Tayyip Erdogan's late mentor Necmettin Erbakan from the premiership. The Islamic-rooted Justice and Development Party (AKP) came to power in November 2002. Its leader Erdogan was prime minister from 2003 until 2014, when he became the first Turkish president directly elected by the people. Why a coup? Erdogan has comfortably been in power for well over a decade and has brought in a lot of reform to the Turkish establishment and society. The military sees itself as upholders of Kemalism, the form of democratic nationalism and secularism ushered in by founding father Mustafa Kemal Ataturk in 1923. Erdogan on the other hand is considered an Islamist and conservative. Will the coup succeed? At the moment, it seem the coup has lost its momentum. Erdogan also seems to have the support of the public and maybe a section of the military too. Also, thousands of people took to the streets in favour of the democratic Erdogan government. What will be the impact? If the coup fails, then President Erdogan will emerge more powerful. Since 2003 he has been able to make himself one of the most powerful president in the country ever, and this make him more authoritarian. Some experts suggest he might even push for more constitutional changes. Kurds Issue: Who are these Kurds? Why are they fighting? The Kurds are one of the indigenous people of the Mesopotamian plains and the highlands in what are now south-eastern Turkey, north-eastern Syria, northern Iraq, north-western Iran and south-western Armenia. In recent decades, Kurds have increasingly influenced regional developments, fighting for autonomy in Turkey and playing prominent roles in the conflicts in Iraq and Syria, where they have resisted the advance of the so-called Islamic State (IS) jihadist group. Today, they form a distinctive community, united through race, culture and language, even though they have no standard dialect. They also adhere to a number of different religions and creeds, although the majority are Sunni Muslims. In the early 20th Century, many Kurds began to consider the creation of a homeland - generally referred to as "Kurdistan". Kurds are fighting for Kurdistan Treaty of Sevres: After World War One and the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, the victorious Western allies made provision for a Kurdish state in the 1920 Treaty of Sevres. Treaty of Lausanne: However, such hopes were dashed three years later, when the Treaty of Lausanne, which set the boundaries of modern Turkey, made no provision for a Kurdish state and left Kurds with minority status in their respective countries. Over the next 80 years, any move by Kurds to set up an independent state was brutally quashed. So, these Kurds are aiming to change the outcome of World War One   Why Kurds fought against Islamic State? In mid-2013, IS turned its sights on three Kurdish enclaves that bordered its territory in northern Syria. It launched repeated attacks until mid-2014, when the armed wing of the Syrian Kurdish Democratic Unity Party (PYD) repelled IS. The jihadists' advance in Iraq also drew that country's Kurds into the conflict. The government of Iraq's semi-autonomous Kurdistan Region sent its Peshmerga forces to areas abandoned by the army. In mid-September 2014, IS launched an assault on the enclave around the northern town of Kobane, forcing tens of thousands of people to flee across the nearby Turkish border. Despite the proximity of the fighting and the threat posed by IS, Turkey refused to attack the jihadist group's positions near the border or allow Turkish Kurds to cross to defend it, triggering Kurdish protests. In October, Ankara partially relented and agreed to allow Peshmerga fighters to join the battle for Kobane, after US-led air strikes helped halt the IS advance. In January 2015, Kurdish forces regained control of Kobane. Since then, the Kurds won series of battles against IS and established control over a 400km (250-mile) stretch of contiguous territory along the Turkish border and advanced to within 50km (30 miles) of the IS stronghold of Raqqa.   Turkey versus Kurdistan Since July 2015, Turkey has suffered heavy violence with the resumption of the Kurdish conflict against the background of the war in Syria and a series of bloody attacks. Small background: Since 1984, the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) in Turkey has led an armed rebellion in the Kurdish-majority southeast that has claimed more than 45,000 lives. In order to stop this rebellion, Turkey government and Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) had signed a ceasefire agreement. However this de facto ceasefire was broken in July 2015 when the Turkey government launched an unprecedented two-pronged "anti-terror" operation against jihadists in Syria and Kurdish militants in southeast Turkey and northern Iraq. Western concerns have also mounted about the state of democracy and freedom of speech in Turkey after several raids on media groups and a string of prosecutions of journalists. Major attacks Since mid-2015 Turkey has seen a string of attacks with mass fatalities – Oct 2015 - 103 people were killed and more than 500 wounded in twin suicide bombings targeting a pro-Kurdish peace rally in Ankara. The prime minister said IS was the main suspect. In 2016, seven major attacks claimed more than 120 lives including the latest on June 28. In that attack, 45 people were killed, including foreigners, and over 200 injured in a triple suicide bombing and gun attack at Istanbul's Ataturk airport. There was no claim of responsibility but authorities said evidence points to the Islamic State group. Migrant crisis Turkey has taken in 2.7 million Syrians from the brutal war that broke out across its border in 2011, making it host to the largest refugee population in the world. Many Syrian refugees have launched attempts to reach Europe from Turkey's shores, making the perilous journey by sea to Greece. Under a controversial deal between the European Union and Turkey that came into force in March, failed asylum seekers face being sent back from the Greek islands to Turkey.   MUST READ   Terror and powerlessness Indian Express   No proof required: Good morality is good politics Indian Express   Commercialization of GM mustard Livemint Related Articles Puzzling Glances over Genetically modified Crops   China’s problem with the rule of law Livemint Related Articles The Big Picture – South China Sea: Impact of Tribunal Verdict   Reports/Studies: Sales on digital channels Livemint   Unicef report: Tackle inequality Livemint   Climate change will cause 2.50 lakh deaths by 2030 Livemint   World Bank’s logistics performance index Livemint   Mitigating malnutrition Livemint