Jul 16, 2016 RSTV Video

The Big Picture - South China Sea: Impact of Tribunal Verdict

Archives     South China Sea: Impact of Tribunal Verdict   Why in news? The dispute over the control of the South China Sea took a decisive turn when the Permanent Court of Arbitration at Hague declared that China cannot claim any historic rights over islands in the sea. The tribunal also ruled that China has violated Philippines’s sovereign rights. The dispute had been raised by Philippines in 2013. However, China had refused to participate in the tribunal proceedings, questioning jurisdiction among other things. After the tribunal announced the verdict, China has officially announced it has neither accepted nor recognised the award of the tribunal. This award had been looked forward to by many countries including India and USA, both of which have strategic maritime as well as economic interests in the region. China has been claiming the historic control of over 85% of South China Sea, while countries like Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam, Taiwan and Brunei also have been making competing claims. The Dispute The dispute is whether China has historic rights and what is the source of maritime entitlements of China. It was not about deciding the territorial dispute. The court has made this clear. The fact that China did not participate in it and rejected it from the beginning has no weight as such. Because the Permanent Court of Arbitration rules that in case a party does not accept jurisdiction, others can still go ahead with that. Thus, the PCA took special care to ensure that the claims are well founded and for that they Did close questioning of Philippines, Looked at written submissions, before and after Relied on views of independent experts and Went into historical records and so forth Whether or not the PCA has jurisdiction, the final decision was that of the court itself. The fact is that the Chinese anticipated that the award will go against them which is why for more than a year now, they had been talking about it. In October 2015, there was an award on jurisdiction admissibility and now this is the final award and there is no further appeal. This is final and binding. Though there is no provision to enforce it. Are Chinese claims valid? China joined UNCLOS before and thus has accepted the maritime order as defined by UNCLOS since 1950s. From 1956 they accepted the cannon fire shot distance, which was the 12 nautical mile limit of Exclusive Military Zone and 200 mile Exclusive Economic Zone for fisheries, minerals, energy etc. So, the Chinese have accepted international jurisdictions. However, their current discourse is that all these rules have been prepared by someone else and China was not the party to the rule making and hence, China has some hesitation in fully following the UNCLOS provisions. But the issue here is the SCS, the nine dash line, and 90% of SCS which is 3.5 million sq kms territory. The Chinese proposal is that SCS is a territorial sea which means that freedom of navigation would be problematic, although they clarified that they are not obstructing the freedom of navigation or have obstructed before. However, India did face obstruction with INS Airavat and so did USNS Impeccable. So, the Hague court ruling suggested that these are international waters, and in other words, they punctured the Chinese argument on that aspect. Hence, to that extent, maritime commons have been reiterated in the current judgement. What next? The award can’t be enforced as Chinese have rejected it. More than the decision of the verdict, what is going to be instructive is how China will respond as PCA doesn’t have any enforcement mechanism. Much of it is left to the rectitude of the parties concerned. As China is deemed to be the major power, this is going to be the litmus about the global order. It means that, at one level, it transcends the maritime order (China became signatory to 1982 UNCLOS in 1996). So thereby in good faith, as part of international community, Chinese should accept the norms that go along with UNCLOS. UNCLOS has made it very clear that if a country has equivalent of manmade islands, which is what is at dispute here, the country does not have a maritime entitlement. There is a claim which says that China’s territorial water goes upto 2000 kms!! Which is quite untenable. India and Bangladesh had arrived at an equivalent of a modus vivendi over a fairly complex maritime delimitation issue. The test case is how the major powers deal with intractable, territorial and related disputes. This will be instructive not only for ASEAN countries but China and Japan which are also at loggerheads at the East Sea. India and China also have territorial dispute and thus, the principle of freedom of navigation at sea is important. This is because the countries do not want the equivalent of China’s territorial claim in a way accepted because, if it happens so, other countries which want to navigate will have to ‘inform’ or get a kind of concurrence. Thus, Chinese response is going to be very critical. And the first sign of foreign office statement from Beijing has been very categorical. They have used ‘null and void’ to answer the verdict, which is very strong. The Beijing mood The foreign ministry statement is very hardliner and sticking to their guns and reiterating their earlier position. So no flexibility is visible there. However, the debates carried out on various platforms and off the record statements of foreign ministry, there are two moods which can be observed: The military mood: the hardliner actions. Pursue the live firing drills in SCS. So there is more assertive posture The diplomatic talks: it is dominant view which is visible that despite what position officially is taken, it is time to talk quietly, in closed backdoors with all principles. The statement also makes a distinction between Aquino government and the current government in Philippines. There was an illusion in one official circle that the offer from Philippines to share the territorial sea rather before Chinese can come to territorial maritime delimitation, was welcomed now. So Chinese see a sort of a departure from the earlier phase. The pragmatism is coming in, which is what ultimately might happen. Finally, apart from legality, this is also a question of geopolitics and control of Asia-Pacific. The time has come to challenge US dominance and the friction will continue despite the dialogues going on because for the Chinese, the crafting stone is that unipolar era is over and it is a multipolar world. The SCS dispute has become a test case for the assertion of new players on the global stage and Chinese themselves count them as pre-eminent among them. India’s involvement The Indian statement is very cautious, brief, noted the award and studying it carefully. But in the past, senior spokespersons have made the following points. India has not taken a view on territorial claim. India has focused on freedom of navigation and over flight. The need is to observe international law, including UNCLOS. There should be dispute settlement by peaceful means. All sides should exercise self-restraint There should be a full and effective implementation of a code of conduct on the basis of consensus. From India’s perspective, the freedom of navigation and over flight is critical. Two reasons. Lot of India’s trade passes through SCS. Therefore, India cannot accept the situation where India is dependent on the goodwill of Chinese for transit. The SCS has same kind of importance as Suez Canal or Malacca straight or Bosphorus strait have. If China manages to establish its sovereignty over these islands and waters, then it becomes a very important base for its power projection in the Indian Ocean. This is what concerns India. (To assert its power, China wants to rename Indian Ocean!) Therefore, it is expected that India will not be passive and all the steps taken with USA or Japan and bilaterally, trilaterally with Australia and Vietnam, is intended to create a coalition of forces that hopefully would signal to China to not go beyond a point because if it does, then serious national interests are involved and there will be a counter to that. India has been slightly aggressive in the past when it made huge statements with Japan and with US. But in last few months, there is some kind of toning down of the stand. Presently, there are four Indian vessels in SCS and contiguous region. One is conducting Malabar exercise with US and Japan and another one is doing port calls at Cameron bay at Busan, South Korea, Malaysia and Sasebo, Japan. Thus, in terms of military presence, India had signalled that it has some role in SCS. Although, it has not accepted the joint patrolling with USA. From this viewpoint, it has shown that it has certain role to play with ASEAN countries also and wishes to have a balanced role. The former Defence Minister had clarified that it is a bilateral dispute and India is not a party to the dispute. India is not taking sides between the contestants in the dispute. So, the Indian position is balanced. However, couple of years ago in a joint statement with Philippines, India stated that the disputed region is part of West Philippines Sea, but SCS was not mentioned. Thus, it can be also said that Indian position on SCS is more definitive and not aggressive as aggression has different connotation whereas, India is becoming more definitive with visit of President Obama, wherein in the joint statement, there was a reference to SCS. India upholds the principle of freedom of navigation, respect for international law and customary practice and these are important elements. At this stage, when it is talked about geopolitical dimension, India should continue this particular orientation where India has displayed its interests, because some principles are involved. Further role by India: The role India could play while awaiting India’s response is to engage in quiet chat with Chinese and cite the India-Bangladesh example that there is a case of principles and that India is taking no position on territoriality but is talking about the way in which maritime practice and law must be respected because that has bearing on the larger issues of global order. India can try to deal with each of the major stakeholders in its own way as it has in the past. And can reiterate that by negotiation, we can find a modus vivendi which is what one school in Beijing seems to suggest. Even the Philippines government are actually talking about some kind of accommodation. Respecting the international order One of the most important thing is the process of bringing China into the world community began in 1971 when Peoples’ Republic got the seat of the Republic of China and then they became member of UNSC, NPT, UNCLIS, WTO etc. The way China is challenging UNCLOS, it is undermining the basis of agreement saying that this dispute cannot be heard by the arbitration tribunal. This will create a huge reputational damage to China. There is no doubt that China is militarily in a good position in SCS and can dominate in SCS. But henceforth, Philippines and Vietnam will have the power of the tribunal verdict. In turn, when China says that they don’t care about international tribunals and they don’t support their verdicts, it poses a big danger. The arbitration doesn’t happen only in UNCLOS. It is for every international agreement. The Chinese companies go out to build rails and roads and there is an arbitration clause in the agreement. The people will say Chinese will not accept decisions if arbitration goes against it. This long term damage to China will be severe. This is the opportunity for the world community, particularly USA, as there is a parallel problem between USA and China with regard to interpretation of UNCLOS. US is sailing close to China which has aggravated the situation. The USA should take the lead and through quiet diplomacy get China to deal with it tactfully. The verdict is very clear that even though little islands have no maritime zones attached to them, no one can claim any maritime zone of theirs- not China, Philippines or Vietnam. Chinese view: The matter of reputational damage can be a serious concern for Chinese. But they are of the view that USA playing such an active role, verbally and through joint patrols while it is not a signatory to UNCLOS at all, so it has no moral right on commenting on Chinese interpretation or views and their position. From the Chinese perspective, it is the US which makes the rules, whether trade, navigation etc. So, it is now challenging to observe Chinese underlined objective which will filter though their actions and show that rule making is no longer the right of US hegemon. It is a multipolar world and players like China, Russia, India have come into the party. This is a post 2008 situation where it has been learnt that US power has diffused now, especially in last few years and the most important dialogue that will take place between Chinese and Americans on SCS and Asia-Pacific. India is not a party to it right now not in a league so it will maintain a position of balance. Yet, it is not only about US and China but the whole world is involved. There are South East Asian countries. Even if the Philippines is ready to compromise and share resources, it might not be true for Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia- not all will compromise. The Chinese may have military clout but they are dependent on all these countries for markets. If they go beyond a point, they could lose the market. They cannot assume to have rest of the world as free market. Conclusion The Chinese are on a weak wicket morally, diplomatically and politically. It is understandable that they want to project that they have nothing to fear and nothing to lose. But this is a significant low for China and the reputational cost and possibly an economic cost for China is bound to be there. The Chinese hardliner position can be to walk away from UNCLOS, but they have lot more to lose in terms of contract and economic investments profile. The pragmatic approach would be sending signals to new Philippine President and start the hard negotiations. What is going to be more critical than arbitral verdict is the Chinese response. Connecting the dots: The South China Sea dispute can challenge the global order and hegemony of USA. Analyse   Key words: UNCLOS: United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea defines the rights and responsibilities of nations with respect to their use of the world's oceans, establishing guidelines for businesses, the environment, and the management of marine natural resources. Cannon fire shot distance: UNCLOS replaces the older 'freedom of the seas' concept, dating from the 17th century: national rights were limited to a specified belt of water extending from a nation's coastlines, usually 3 miles (Three-mile limit), according to the 'cannon shot' rule, which was measured by how much distance the fire could cover from its shore line. Modus vivendi: means "mode of living" or “way of life”. It often is used to mean an arrangement or agreement that allows conflicting parties to coexist in peace.

Jul 16, 2016 60 Days Plan 2019 - Daily Prelims Test

IASbaba ’60 Day Plan- Prelims Test 2016 ENVIRONMENT & ECOLOGY/CURRENT AFFAIRS [DAY 54]

Click here to get all the Tests– Archives Hello Friends Hope you are enjoying Daily questions. The link for Day 53 solution is active now.  Why we asked you to comment? Now go back to check your answers that you posted with honest effort. Edit your answers with marks. Everyday like this you can self monitor your progress for all 60 days. Accountability to self is the only way for success IASbaba '60 Day Plan' - Prelims Test 2016 [Day 54] Q.1) Regions which receives rainfall from North-Easterly monsoon are: Assam and Meghalaya West Bengal Tamil Nadu Kerala Select the code from the following: 1 and 2 3 only 1 and 4 1,2 and 4 Q.2) Which of the following statements are not correct about the Lakshadweep islands? They are all coral islands. Rainfall is very scarce They are the extended part of the continent. They have India’s only active volcano, i.e. Barren Island. Select the code from below: 1,2 and 4 1,2 and 3 2,3 and 4 All of the above Q.3) Consider the following statements: Weather is the average atmospheric condition of an area over a considerable time. Climate is a short term condition of temperature, pressure and humidity. Which of the above statements are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.4) Consider the following: Nomads                                                        Place Bindibu                                                           Australia Bedouin                                                          Arabia Tuaregs                                                           Sahara Bushmen                                                        Kalahari Which of the above are correctly matched? 2 only 1,2 and 4 2,3 and 4 All of the above Q.5) Consider the following statements regarding Gobi Desert: Gobi desert has a scarcity of water as snow which falls there evaporates directly through sublimation. Bactrian Camel survives in Gobi desert by directly eating ice/snow which most of the other animals can’t do. Which of the above statements are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.6) Consider the following statement regarding Mediterranean climatic region: During summers, the trade winds are offshore and there is practically no rainfall. They have open woodlands, of which Cork Oak trees are the best known. Cork oaks are valued for their thick barks used for making corks of wine bottles. Animal farming is an important activity because of soft nutritious grass. Which of the above statements are correct? 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.7) Consider the following statement regarding ‘Hangul’: Hangul is the only surviving member of the Asiatic ‘Red Deer’ family. It is critically endangered and found only in the forests of Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand and Sikkim. It has been named as the state animal of ‘Jammu and Kashmir’. Which of the above statements are incorrect? 1 and 3 2 only 1 and 2 None of the above Q.8) Consider the following statements regarding the ‘Black Lung’ Disease: It is an industrial hazard of mercury mining and develops due to inhaling of mercury vapours. It is a form of Pneumoconiosis. Which of the above statements are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.9) Consider the following statements: Hypothetically, if we remove all the ozone from the stratosphere, the temperature of stratosphere will increase. Green house gases are responsible for ozone hole in stratosphere. Ozone holes are found only over the Polar Regions. Which of the above statements are incorrect? 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.10) Lichens are important in the studies on atmosphere pollution because they Can grow in greatly polluted atmosphere Can readily multiply in polluted atmosphere Effectively purify the atmosphere are very sensitive to pollutants Q.11) Which among the following is/are economic importance of Algae? Algae as Food for Humans Algae in Agriculture Algae in Industry Algae in space travel Choose the appropriate code: 2 and 3 only 2, 3 and 4 only 1, 2 and 3 only All of the above Q.12) Which of following statement is incorrect about the Biosphere? Biosphere is combination of lithosphere, hydrosphere and Atmosphere Biosphere is missing at extreme of north and south pole Organisms are uniformly present in Biosphere None of the above Q.13) Choose the Correct Answer Hydroponics is otherwise called soil-less agriculture tank farming chemical gardening all the above Q.14) The entire component of species of organism plants and animals, found within a given region is called Biota Niche Community Habitat Q.15) Hemlock, red pine, oak & beech are major tree species of which of the following biome? Mediterranean Temperate Biome Subtropical evergreen biome None Q.16) Identify the FYP which ushered in ‘Blue Revolution’ in India— Fourth FYP Fifth FYP Sixth FYP Eleventh FYP Q.17) Identify the district all set to become India’s first organic Block Panchayat— Nellore Alathur Kozhikode Kottayam Q.18) Which city listed below is the capital of South Sudan? Juba Yambio Bor Pibor Q.19) Where will the jointly developed naval base by India and Seychelles be located? Djibouti Assumption Island Somalia Reunion Island Q.20) Which is the nodal agency for the National Bamboo Mission? Ministry of New & Renewable Energy Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change Federation of Green Energy Download the Solution- Click here P.S- Attempt these questions within 20 minutes with full honesty and write your results in the comment box. Next day, come back and check your result. You can also discuss the important concepts and issues, in case of doubts (among peers) All the best IASbaba

Jul 15, 2016 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 15th July, 2016

Archives   IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 15th July, 2016   NATIONAL   TOPIC:  General Studies 2 Indian Constitution- historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure. Expansion of Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.   Expanding the Idea of India What does the below article intends to say? Our Constitution has guaranteed and envisaged certain Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties respectively. However, since then, the scope of Fundamental Rights has seen significant expansion (especially through judicial pronouncements) and as a result, an imbalance has been created between the current set of Fundamental Rights and Duties. Therefore, this particular article attempts to examine if a few additional Fundamental Duties in the Constitution of this country could help in balancing out the rights of its citizens and further make them more responsible towards the country’s development. Basics: FRs and FDs The Constitution of India has envisaged a holistic approach towards civic life in a democratic polity – through guaranteeing certain rights called as Fundamental Rights. These Fundamental Rights uphold the equality of all individuals, the dignity of the individual, the larger public interest and unity of the nation. Since human conduct cannot be confined to the realm of Fundamental Rights, the Constitution has also envisaged certain duties, known as Fundamental Duties. Though the rights and duties of the citizens are correlative and inseparable, the original constitution contained only the fundamental rights and not the fundamental duties. In other words, the framers of the Constitution did not feel it necessary to incorporate the fundamental duties of the citizens in the Constitution. However, the post-Constitution civic life, for around a quarter century, did not portray a rosy picture, and therefore, it was thought fit to have a framework of duties in the Constitution itself.   The Fundamental Duties In 1976, the Sardar Swaran Singh Committee was set up to make recommendations about fundamental duties, the need and necessity of which was felt during the operation of the internal emergency (1975–1977). In 1976, the fundamental duties of citizens were added in the Constitution. In 2002, one more Fundamental Duty was added. The following ten Fundamental Duties were introduced by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 — Article 51-A: It shall be the duty of every citizen of India: To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom; to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so; to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities and to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women; to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture; to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures; to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform; to safeguard public property and to abjure violence; to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity, so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement. Subsequently, another duty was added by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2002: for a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education of the child or ward between the age of six and fourteen. Since then, the scope of Fundamental Rights has seen significant expansion through judicial pronouncements: For example: the right to free legal services to the poor, right to speedy trial and right to live in a clean and healthy environment As a result, an imbalance has been created between the current set of Fundamental Rights and Duties. So let us examine whether adding a few new Fundamental Duties in the Constitution could help in balancing out the rights of its citizens and further make them more responsible towards the country’s development. Additional duties Duty to vote: Article 326 of the Constitution read with Section 62 of the Representation of People’s Act, 1951 confers the right to vote. However, quite often the question arises as to whether that right also implies an obligation. The voter turnout during the last general election amounted only to about 67 per cent. This voter apathy should be taken seriously and an attempt should be made to make voting a citizenship obligation. The state can take several steps to ensure that this duty to vote is made operational and effective. One method through which this may be achieved is by developing a system of incentives for voters and conversely disadvantages for those who abstain from performing their duty to vote. A very large section of people can be motivated to vote this way. Duty to pay taxes: The tax gap (the revenue that a government is expected to receive as against the revenue it actually collects) continues to increase every year. Research has found that tax evasion is a direct result of lack of trust among the people, in general, and the government, in particular. Citizens must believe that their taxes are bound to be used for public good. The incorporation of the right to pay taxes as part of Fundamental Duties in the Constitution will shift the onus onto the taxpayer to pay taxes rather than the tax department to collect them. Duty to help accident victims: Every 60 minutes, 16 persons die in traffic accidents in India. According to the Law Commission of India, at least 50 per cent of fatalities can be prevented if road accident victims receive medical attention within the critical first hour after the accident. The Karnataka government’s decision to frame a ‘Good Samaritan law’ is a step in the right direction. With the increase in the number of accidents, it has become pertinent for India to recognise this duty as one owed by its citizens towards each other. Duty to keep the premises clean: PM Modi’s Swachh Bharat Mission has received tremendous support from people from all walks of life. The most effective mechanism to tackle uncleanliness is to sensitise people about this duty. Therefore, it is imperative that a Fundamental Duty to this effect be added to the Constitution. For a better society Duty to prevent civil wrongs: It is not enough that a citizen refrains from committing wrong; he has a duty to see that fellow citizens do not indulge in the commission of wrongs. Duty to raise voice against injustice: Today people seem to have stopped reacting to atrocities; they neither report crimes nor volunteer to testify in a court. The duties of a victim or a witness can be classified into two main categories, viz. duty to report a crime and duty to testify in court. The state must also on its part work to ensure that the fight to bring the offender to book does not become a Kafkaesque nightmare for the victim or witness. Duty to protect whistle-blowers: With the coming into force of the Right to Information Act, 2005, every citizen has become a “potential whistle-blower”. While the state has a great deal of responsibility in providing for their protection through appropriate legislative instruments, the responsibility to protect torchbearers of transparency vests on each one of us. Duty to support bona fide civil society movements: Citizens have a moral duty to organise themselves or support citizen groups so that the gaps in governance left by the executive can be filled and the rights guaranteed by the Constitution are made available to every citizen. Therefore, it is proposed that there must be an addition to Part IV-A of the Constitution to that effect. Reinvigorating civic responsibility: In the modern context, it has become increasingly important to instill a reinvigorated sense of civic responsibility among Indian citizens. This can be achieved by adding new duties to the existing list of Fundamental Duties while also laying emphasis on the performance of the existing ones. The significance of Fundamental Duties is not diminished by the fact that there is no punishment prescribed for not following them. Fundamental Duties constitute the conscience of our Constitution; they should be treated as constitutional values that must be propagated by all citizens. It appears our polity is not even aware of such a noble part of our Constitution. This should be included in the curriculum of high school students at least. A new set of Fundamental Duties can go a long way towards instilling a reinvigorated sense of civic responsibility among citizens. Connecting the dots: The scope of Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties has seen significant expansion, especially through judicial pronouncements and as a result, an imbalance has been created between the current set of Fundamental Rights and Duties. Examine whether adding a few new Fundamental Duties in the Constitution could help in balancing out the rights of its citizens and further make them more responsible towards the country’s development.   ECONOMICS TOPIC: General Studies 2 Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections. Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.   Taking Pensions to the poor—Atal Pension Yojana (APY) When: APY was introduced in 2015 For: The unorganised sector workers who do not have sufficient and reliable old age security Earlier called: Swavalamban Yojana NPS (National Pension Scheme) Lite Objective: To encourage unorganised workers to make regular small savings during their working years towards pension benefits later Regulated by: Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) This is an important policy shift away from social assistance schemes to contributory schemes. Features Monthly pension: Ranging from Rs. 1,000 to Rs. 5000 is guaranteed upon retirement (Age= 60 years) if subscribers contribute the prescribed amount for at least 20 years. In NPS-Lite, the pension amount was uncertain. Government contribution: Government of India (GoI) will co-contribute 50% of the subscriber’s contribution or Rs. 1,000 per annum, whichever is lower. The Government’s co-contribution is available for those who are not covered by any Statutory Social Security Schemes and is not an Income Tax payer It is available for 5 years, i.e., from 2015-16 to 2019-20 for the subscribers who join the scheme during the period from 1st June, 2015 to 31st December, 2015 Age group: The subscriber should be between 18 - 40 years Therefore, minimum period of contribution by the subscriber under APY would be 20 years or more. Key functions: Record keeping, administration and customer service are performed by National Securities Depository Limited. A Permanent Retirement Account Number (PRAN) is assigned to all subscribers. Under a broader framework: Becomes a part of financial inclusion under the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana—using banks as intermediaries for promoting, administering and extending pension benefits to low income workers. E-governance focus: To use mobile SMS reminders/alerts, electronic KYC-based registration and online exit, withdrawal, claims settlement processes to overcome last mile challenges and simplify the experience. However, unorganised workers covered by it are barely 1 per cent. Existing limitations Major impediment- Stringent default penalties: If a subscriber misses six months’ consecutive contributions, the account is frozen After 12 months, it is deactivated Beyond 24 months, the account is permanently closed. Considering that APY is meant for unorganised workers with irregular income streams, this feature reduces the scheme’s effectiveness. Limited government co-contribution: Although co-contribution has been extended to 2019-2020, this could be availed of only by those joining before March 31, 2016 (revised from December 31, 2015). In such a case when the coverage of the scheme is less than 1 per cent, many unorganised workers joining the scheme in future may not be able to fully access it. Poor agent incentives: Increased responsibilities: Banks are asked to administer APY so that new bank accounts opened under PMJDY could be used for promoting the scheme and expanding financial inclusion among the economically excluded. Lesser incentives: In comparison to responsibilities, incentives to banks are considerably lower than those provided in previous schemes. Here, the incentives have to be mutually negotiated, and shared between banks and business correspondents. Poorer reach: Due to low financial inclusion and low penetration of bank branches in rural areas, it will come in the way of the rural poor accessing the scheme.   Lower flexibility in exit and withdrawal: Rigid exit process as the scheme permits premature withdrawals only in the event of death or terminal disease of the beneficiary. Subsequently, the exit option was given to the beneficiary if she/he gave up the government’s contribution and interest earned on his/her contributions. Thus, this reduces the reach of scheme considering that poor unorganised workers are highly vulnerable to workplace injuries, accidents and disability. Scope of improvement Removing account closure for defaults: If there is sustained non-payment, a system should be devised by which subscribers are no longer entitled to a fixed monthly pension on retirement as per APY But, they can continue making suitable contributions to the APY account at his/her discretion to get different returns. At retirement, 40 per cent of the accumulated corpus can be converted into an annuity and the rest can be offered as a lump sum. Encouraging mobile money payments: APY hopes to leverage PMJDY’s success to expand its coverage among low income workers. According to the RBI, though there is increased account density among underserved communities in PMJDY, the account usage is low with nearly 35 per cent of such bank accounts having zero balance. This requires the deployment of low cost and flexible mobile money channels, which is a newly emerging technology, to improve last mile access to banks for the rural poor. Ease of premature exits and withdrawals: APY should provide for partial withdrawal of the corpus in an emergency after a reasonable lock-in period of 5 or 10 years. Public Provident Fund schemes have a 15-year lock-in period prior to full withdrawal, and allow 50 per cent withdrawal at the end of the sixth year. APY should introduce similar flexibility. Enhancing behavioural interventions: Recently, behavioural interventions or ‘nudges’ have attracted significant attention as low cost policy tools to cause desired savings behaviour. Studies around the world show that nudges such as peer comparison, commitment devices, goal-setting calendars and personalisation are effective in overcoming self-control issues and prompting regular savings. Although APY has incorporated SMS reminders and auto-debit facility, scope for embedding behavioural interventions into the APY design still exists. Thus, these improvements are urgently needed to improve the coverage of unorganised workers and enhance old age security among them. Connecting the dots: Do you think ‘Atal Pension Yojana’ has the potential to provide post retirement social security to 90% unorganised labour in India? Discuss.   MUST READ It isn’t about women Hindu Related Articles: Uniform civil code: One nation, one law Uniform civil code : Need of the hour   ‘India is not an outlier on FTAs’ Hindu Related Articles: The new Great Game in Asia Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) & India TLP - 2016 INDIA-ASEAN TRADE TIES Needless pressure to change copyright laws RCEP negotiations: India likely to take a more aggressive stand The RCEP Effect on India   Don’t wait for cut Indian Express   Helicopters loaded with money Livemint   China’s problem with the rule of law Livemint   America’s rising danger of imperial overstretch Livemint   Time to diversify pro-poor policies Livemint   Kashmir protests trigger debate on weapons that blind Livemint Related Articles: Learning to control crowds   No miracle cure Business Line   Labour pain Business Line

Jul 15, 2016 60 Days Plan 2019 - Daily Prelims Test

IASbaba ’60 Day Plan- Prelims Test 2016 SCIENCE & TECH & CURRENT AFFAIRS [DAY 53]

Click here to get all the Tests– Archives   Hello Friends Hope you are enjoying Daily questions. The link for Day 52 solution is active now.  Why we asked you to comment? Now go back to check your answers that you posted with honest effort. Edit your answers with marks. Everyday like this you can self monitor your progress for all 60 days. Accountability to self is the only way for success   IASbaba '60 Day Plan' - Prelims Test 2016 [Day 53]   Q.1) Hydra, a multi-cellular invertebrate of phylum cnidaria(coelenterata) can give rise to new offspring by various methods. Choose the method by which the offspring are produced with significant variations. budding regeneration sexual reproduction asexual reproduction Q.2) Live Vaccines in current use include: BCG which is an attenuated Bovine strain of the tubercle bacillus Oral Polio virus vaccine TAB vaccine Smallpox vaccine prepared from cowpox virus. Which of the above statements are correct? 1 and 2 1,2 and 3 1,3 and 4 All of the above Q.3) Among the following organisms list out the asexually reproducing organisms: Paramoecium Euglena Earthworm Bird Choose the appropriate code: 1 and 3 only 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 2, 3 and 4 only Q.4) Which of the following is a hereditary disease? Kwashiorkor Ringworm Down's syndrome Polio Q.5) Which among the following regulates and controls the amount of light entering the eye? pupil retina lens iris Q.6) Consider the following Joint Military Exercises and participating countries IBSAMAR :: India Brazil and Argentina Garuda Shakti :: India and Sri Lanka Yudh Abhyas :: India and Nepal Nomadic Elephant :: India and Bhutan Which of the following is incorrectly matched? 1,2 and 3 2 and 3 1,2 and 4 All of the above Q.7) Consider the following physical quantities Gravitational Potential Impulse Power Change in temperature Which of the following are vector quantities? 1 and 2 Only 2 2 and 4 1,2 and 3 Q.8) Project ReAnima is concerned with which of the following Revival of brain dead patients Macrocytic Anaemia A project of Disney India and Toonz Animation Retina Display Q.9) Consider following statements with respect to CARTOSAT-2 It is an Earth Observation Satellite It’s orbit is Polar Sun Synchronous It was launched by GSLV Which of the statements are correct? Only 1 1 and 2 1 and 3 All of the above Q.10) Consider the following statements with respect to Lithium-ion battery The anode is generally made of carbon and cathode of metal oxide Lithium ions move from cathode to anode during discharge Select the incorrect statement/s Only 1 Only 2 Both None Q.11) The ripening of fruits can be accelerated by: Decreasing oxygen concentration of the surrounding Increasing ethylene concentration of the surrounding Reducing water supply to the plants Spraying urea during maturation of fruits Q.12) The chief poisonous snakes of India are: Cobra, Krait, Python, Wolf-snake Sea Snake, Pit Viper, Krait, Cobra, Rat-snake Pit Viper, Russel’s Viper, Cobra, Krait, Sea snake Python, pit viper, cobra, Krait, Russel’s viper Q.13) An antibiotic is: A chemical compound produced by a living organism that inhibits the growth of the other organisms. A compound synthesized by a living organisms that inhibits the growth of microbes. A synthetic compound inhibiting the growth of other organisms A synthetic compound inhibiting the growth of bacteria Q.14) Which of the following is used as a lubricant in heavy machines? Bauxite Sulphur Phosphorus Graphite Q.15) A hydrogen filled balloon, Always rises in air Rises only if its total weight is much less than the weight of air it displaces Rises only if its total weight is equal to the weight of air it displaces. Can never rise in the air Q.16) The earth and the moon are about the same distance from the sun, yet on the average the earth is much warmer than the moon. Why? The moon is much smaller than the earth Nights on the moon are much longer The moon has almost no atmosphere The surface of the moon is darker Q.17) In which of the following cases, a person will feel weightlessness? He is falling freely He is orbiting in a satellite He is in an aeroplane flying at a high altitude He is having ride in a gas filled balloon. Select the code from the following: 2 only 1 and 2 3 and 4 1,2 and 3 Q.18) Stars appear to move from East to West because The universe is moving from east to west. The earth is revolving round the sun The earth is rotating from East to West The Earth is rotating from West to East Q.19) Compared to the velocity of light, the velocity of radiowaves is: Smaller Greater The same Depends on the type of radio waves Q.20) In an electric bulb, a little Nitrogen or Argon is introduced at a low pressure to Cool the bulb’s filament Prevent the evaporation of the filament Withstand atmospheric pressure Increase the brightness of the filament Q.21) Consider the following statements: It is used as an ingredient in food preparation and is also utilized as feed for poultry and livestock. It is a feedstock for biofuel. It is used for starch production It is also used as a raw material in distilleries. Select the correct answer based on the above statements: Jatropha Sugar Maize Rice straw Q.22) Which Indian city is known as the ‘shrimp capital of India’? Vishakhapatnam Goa Kolkata Nellore  Q.23) Where is Shani Shingapur temple located? West Bengal Kerala Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh  Q.24) Where is China planning to build its first African naval base? Somalia Djibouti Tanzania Kilwa  Q.25) ‘Vidya Lakshmi Portal’ would serve the purpose of— Integrating various government incentives for scholarship on one platform for easy access Being a single window for students to access information & submit applications for educational loans to banks and for availing government scholarships Being a single window for the interaction between teachers and parents Helping students participate in the Apprenticeship Scheme of the government   Download the Solution- Click here P.S- Attempt these questions within 20 minutes with full honesty and write your results in the comment box. Next day, come back and check your result. You can also discuss the important concepts and issues, in case of doubts (among peers) All the best IASbaba  

Jul 14, 2016 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 14th July, 2016

Archives   IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 14th July, 2016   ECONOMICS   TOPIC: General Studies 3 Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment.   Indian Accounting Standards In news: SEBI extended the deadline for some listed companies to file their results for the quarter ending June 2016, to give them additional time to comply with new ‘Ind AS’ rules. The companies now have the time till September 14, 2016 to declare their quarterly results with the new accounting standards. Ind AS? What: The Indian Accounting Standards or Ind AS To: govern the accounting recording of financial transactions presentation of statements such as Profit and Loss account and Balance Sheet of the company What are ‘financial statements’? Structured representation of financial position and performance of an entity Shows the results of the management of the entity that are entrusted with resources Gives information about assets, liabilities, income and expenses, cash flow, etc. Sectors to be affected: Metals, telecoms, oil & gas, and real estate are likely to be impacted most post the implementation of Ind AS. Background Who: National Advisory Committee on Accounting Standards (NACAS) recommended Ind AS standards to the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) For: Commercial Banks (Banks), Insurance Companies (Insurers) and Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) Earlier: India was following accounting standards from GAAP prior to adoption of Ind AS. Applicability: mandatorily to be followed by companies having net worth of Rs. 500 crore (US$74 million) or more from 1 April 2016 International Accounting Standards The globally accepted format is International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for company accounting. To: Design a common global language for business affairs so that company accounts are understandable and comparable across international boundaries. Why: IFSR are progressively replacing the many different national accounting standards. They are the rules to be followed by accountants to maintain books of accounts which are comparable, understandable, reliable and relevant as per the users internal or external. India’s stand: Firms resisted the shift to IFSR stating drastic changes in numbers. Thus, Ind AS chosen as a middle path to harmonise Indian accounting rules with IFSR Importance of Ind AS Changes the way companies present their position; either increase or decrease profits/losses of the firm Pre- Ind AS Post- Ind AS Incentives, discounts or rebates given to customers could be shown as part of advertising, sales promotion or marketing expenses. This was cost to company. Incentives, discounts or rebates given to customers will have to be deducted from sales (revenues). Excise duties taken away from revenues to show ‘net sales’ Excise duties will now come under ‘expenses’ Intangible assets like goodwill were amortised or written off as expenses over a period of time. Intangible assets like goodwill has indefinite life and hence needn’t be amortised. This can increase profit of the firm which carry sizeable goodwill in books Investments by a company in government securities or mutual funds is shown at the lower of cost or market value. Advocates the ‘fair value’ method of accounting Will have to be necessarily be captured at fair value. For firms which have legacy or undervalued investments, this revaluation can expand the balance sheet size Companies reported their segment-wise performance based on a broad product/service grouping or even geographical segments (within India, Outside India). Segments reported to investors are the same as the firm uses for the purpose of assessing performance and allocating resources. Promises clearer disclosures to investors in certain cases Dynamics of Ind AS— Higher disclosure requirements contained in Ind AS can help make more informed decisions about its investment worthiness In the coming quarterly results, compliance with Ind AS rules could lead to blips in profits earned by listed firms, due to a change in the method of accounting. (Profit blips don't mean a banking crisis) May take some time for analysts to get used to the new format. Markets could even beat down stocks whose earnings don’t meet expectations. Connecting the dots: ‘The new Indian Accounting Standards are expected to bring in global best practices of accounting’—Critically examine   ECONOMICS   TOPIC: General Studies 3 Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment. Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.   Can India achieve 8% GDP growth for 2016-17? Indian Economy Scenario The Central Statistics Office’s (CSO) provisional estimates for the Indian economy for 2015-16 show that the Indian economy growing at 7.6 per cent in 2015-16 and predicts that 8 per cent growth is around the corner. In 2016-17, the upbeat view is that we can expect a boost to growth in the coming year from three sources: rural consumption (thanks to better monsoons), urban consumption (thanks to the impending Seventh Central Pay Commission award), and increased government capital expenditure projected in the Budget for 2016-17 Global Economic Scenario Ever since the global financial crisis broke (2007-08), the economy has not behaved the way economic textbooks prescribe. Economic policies are proving to be singularly ineffective in reviving the global economy. Governments have failed to control running levels of fiscal deficits and public debt. Central banks have been experimenting with unorthodox policies such as quantitative easing, zero interest rate and now negative interest rate policy. However, all these efforts and policies have failed to revive the economy. Why 8% growth is difficult to happen? First, manufacturing has grown at 8.1 per cent at current prices. This is not matched by the growth in the Index of Industrial Production (IIP), which is only 2.4 per cent. Second, it is hard to explain how manufacturing growth has been so strong when exports as a whole have contracted. Third, as the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy has pointed out, a big chunk of the growth in 2015-16 has come from an item called ‘discrepancies’ in the CSO’s statistics (in plain language, an item about which we know little). I.e. of the growth of 7.6 per cent in 2015-16, 2.4 percentage points were accounted for by ‘discrepancies’. Continued weakness in the world economy, problems in our banking sector, the ongoing fiscal consolidation and the falling investment rate mean a return to 8 per cent growth may not happen anytime soon. Also, a key factor boosting India’s growth in 2015-16 was the decline in world oil prices. Lower oil prices translate into higher private consumption. Now both the estimates of Central Statistics Office and Economic Survey are based on the assumption that this benefit (low oil prices) would continue to accrue to the economy in 2016-17. (CSO estimated that oil prices to be $50 per barrel and Economic Survey assumes it to be $35 per barrel) – However which may not happen L This assumption seems wrong as oil prices have already moved up to $50 per barrel. If they stay at this level, there is every prospect that the gains in 2015-16 on account of falling oil prices would be absent. Some mixed signs for the economy The Pay Commission hike could contribute about 0.6 per cent of the GDP depending on how much of it is fully paid out in 2016-17. A better monsoon could add about 0.3 percentage points. However, the recent rise in oil prices could thus overwhelm potential gains from better monsoons and the pay hike. Given global uncertainties, export demand will improve only marginally. Most analysts predict that increase in government spending might improve the aggregate demand, but increased public expenditure may lead to fiscal deficit. The fiscal deficit factors in not just increases in capital expenditure but also declines in other government expenditure as well higher taxes. Fiscal consolidation planned for 2016-17 means that demand will shrink by 0.4 percentage points of the GDP. Lastly, we cannot expect private investment to pick up given that corporate balance sheets are stressed and real interest rates very high. Conclusion: Adding up all the pluses and minuses estimated above, we get a fall in GDP growth. This means that growth is likely to end up closer to 7 per cent in 2016-17. And this is without factoring in the potential for upheaval arising from Brexit, a rise in U.S. interest rates and a further slowing down in China. Raising the growth rate to over 8 per cent in the next two or three years is a huge challenge. It’s a challenge that certainly cannot be overcome as long as the government operates within the present straitjacket of fiscal consolidation and inflation targeting; policies that tend to reduce growth in the medium-term. Connecting the dots: The Central Statistics Office’s (CSO) estimates for the Indian economy predicts that 8 per cent growth is around the corner. Do you agree? Critically analyze why raising the growth rate to over 8 per cent in the next two or three years is a huge challenge.   MUST READ Making sense of Brexit Hindu Related Articles: EU referendum: the big questions for Britain Brexit – Mind Map Brexit & India-UK   Visa as the master card Hindu   Law and diplomacy on South China Sea Hindu Related Articles: Storm on the South China Sea Seizing the ‘One Belt, One Road’ opportunity   Turning back the clock Hindu   The future of our economy Livemint   Proposing 49% FDI in print: too little, too late Livemint   Why a ‘smart villages’ scheme makes sense Business Line

Jul 14, 2016 60 Days Plan 2019 - Daily Prelims Test

IASbaba ’60 Day Plan- Prelims Test 2016 GEOGRAPHY & CURRENT AFFAIRS [DAY 52]

Click here to get all the Tests– Archives Hello Friends Hope you are enjoying Daily questions. The link for Day 51 solution is active now.  Why we asked you to comment? Now go back to check your answers that you posted with honest effort. Edit your answers with marks. Everyday like this you can self monitor your progress for all 60 days. Accountability to self is the only way for success IASbaba '60 Day Plan' - Prelims Test 2016 [Day 52] Q.1) The organic deposits in the ocean are called ‘Oozes’. Consider the following statements regarding the oozes: The ‘Oozes’ can be classified as Calcareous and Siliceous. Calcareous oozes are not found below 1000m. Radiolarian and Diatoms are types of calcareous oozes. Which of the above statements are incorrect? a) 1 only b) 1 and 2 c) 2 and 3 d) None of the above Q.2) Which of the following statements correctly defines ‘Tektites’? a) They are extra terrestrial glass like ocean deposits. b) They are the waves which make navigation possible in shallow rivers during a high tide. c) They are large weeds floating on the ocean surface. d) The fluorescence of the phytoplankton in the ocean is called ‘tektites’. Q.3) Which of the following regions has the maximum volume of the marine sediments? a) Continental Shelves b) Continental Slopes c) Continental Rises d) Deep Ocean Floors Q.4) Coral Reefs are referred to as ‘the rainforests of the sea’ because: a) They generate an equal amount of oxygen. b) They are formed with lush green herbs which do not shed their leaves. c) They harbor a rich diversity of life. d) All of the above Q.5) In which of the following places, corals are less likely to be found? At the mouth of a river Near turbidity currents In abyssal plain with calm water Select the code from below: a) 1 and 2 b) 2 only c) 2 and 3 d) All of the above Q.6) Consider the following statements: Ocean Currents and tides are similar phenomenon. The driving force for ocean currents is gravitational pull of the moon. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Q.7) Consider the following statements regarding Ocean Salinity: Horizontal distribution of salinity is shown by Isohalines which are imaginary lines connecting the areas of similar salinity. Due to high temperature, areas on the equator have the highest salinity. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Q.8) Consider the following statements: The salinity budget in ocean is not balanced, as salinity is gradually increasing. The Thermo-Haline diagram (T-S diagram) helps to visualize the layering of water masses. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Q.9) Which of the following statements correctly explains ‘Endorheic’ basin? a) It is a closed drainage basin that retains water and allows no outflow to other external bodies of water. b) It is an underground water basin which is not accessible to humans. c) It is a trough inside a sea. d) Seas which are separated from an ocean by a submarine ridge is called an ‘Endorheic’ Basin. Q.10) Which of the following seas are not landlocked? Greenland sea Timor Sea Aral sea Arafura sea Select the code from below: a) 1,2 and 3 b) 2,3 and 4 c) 1,2 and 4 d) All of the above Q.11) In which of the following situations an Oceanic Trench is formed? Oceanic- Oceanic Plate convergence Oceanic- Continental Plate Convergence Oceanic- Oceanic Plate Divergence Continental- Continental Plate Convergence Select the code from below: a) 1 and 2 b) 1,2 and 4 c) 2 only d) All of the above Q.12)Which of the following statements are correct about tides? Neap tide has maximum range of tide. Spring tide occurs when sun, moon and earth are in a straight line. Neap tide occurs when moon and sun are perpendicular to each other. Time between the high tide and low tide, when the water level is falling, is called ebb. Select the code from the following: a) 1 and 2 b) 2,3 and 4 c) 1 and 4 d) All of the above Q.13) A narrow stretch of water connecting two seas is called: a) Peninsula b) Isthamus c) Strait d) Gulf Q.14) Consider the following statements regarding ‘Sargasso’ Sea: It is a region trapped in a gyre in the middle of Pacific Ocean It is the only sea on earth which has no coastline. It is named after a common fish ‘Sargassum’ which is endemic to this area and is found in abundance. Which of the above statements are incorrect? a) 3 only b) 2 only c) 1 and 3 d) None of the above Q.15) Tsunamis are the waves generated by: a) Moon’s Pull b) Tropical Cyclones c) Earthquakes d) Cloud bursts Consider the map given below and answer the following questions (Q.16) and (Q.17): Q.16) Four very important ports – are marked as 1, 2, 3 and 4 – Identify them: a)  Bandar-e-‘Abbas Amol Baku Chabahar b) Baku Amol Bandar-e-‘Abbas Chabahar c)  Baku Amol Chabahar Bandar-e-‘Abbas d) Amol Baku Bandar-e-‘Abbas Chabahar Q.17) Five independent Central Asian Countries are marked as A, B, C, D and E – Identify them correctly a)  Turkenistan Uzbekistan Kazakhstan Tajikistan Kyrgystan b)  Kazakhstan Uzbekistan Turkenistan Kyrgystan Tajikistan c) Turkenistan Tajikistan Kazakhstan Uzbekistan Kyrgystan d)  Turkenistan Tajikistan Kyrgystan Uzbekistan Kazakhstan Q.18) Consider the following - Io, Europa and Ganymede – What are these? a) Few among the 22 Satellites record launch by ISRO b) Examples of cyber espionage attacks – malwares c) Examples of chemical warfare gases d) Few among the 4 moons of Jupiter Q.19) The Canadian Pacific Railway, one of the longest railway lines of the world run from a) Vancouver to St. John's b) Seatle to Halifax c) Prince Rupert to St. John d) Vancouver to Halifax Q.20) Contemporary use of the term Kurdistan - "Homeland of the Kurds" or "Land of the Kurds"- refers to areas relating to which of the following countries? a) Turkey and Syria b) Turkey, Syria and Iraq c) Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran d) Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran and Lebanon Q.21) Gotipua is a traditional dance form of which of the following states? a) Jharkhand b) Odisha c) West Bengal d) Telangana Q.22) Which spacecraft has attained the feat of becoming the first spacecraft to accomplish landing in the outer solar system? a) MOM b) MAVEN c) CubeSats d) Cassini Q.23) Identify the project that envisages the use of helium-filled balloons to provide data connectivity in remote regions— a) Project Balloon b) Project Connectivity c) Project Loon d) Project Bharat Jodo Q.24) Consider the following— Rice Straw Wheat Straw Tur Bamboo Which of the following material/s mentioned above can be used to make ethanol? a) Only 1 b) 1, 2 and 4 c) 1, 2 and 3 d) Only 1 and 4   Q.25) Which Ministry is responsible for implementing the Interest Subvention Scheme? a) Ministry of Finance b) Ministry of New & Renewable Energy c) Ministry of Agriculture d) Ministry of Environment and Forest and Climate Change Download the Solution- Click here P.S- Attempt these questions within 20 minutes with full honesty and write your results in the comment box. Next day, come back and check your result. You can also discuss the important concepts and issues, in case of doubts (among peers) All the best IASbaba

Jul 14, 2016 RSTV Video

The Big Picture - New Education Policy: Highlights and Hitches

Archives   New Education Policy: Highlights and Hitches   Periodically the media brings out the best and worst in the system leading to passionate discussions. But they are soon forgotten amidst sea of other issues. The NDA government last year said that a committee headed by former cabinet secretary TSR would draft a New Education Policy. The last Education policy was framed in 1986 which was modified to some extent in 1992. The need for a new policy which can take the ongoing changes and progress in so many field during these years has been greatly felt. The TSR committee had submitted a 200 page report many months ago which had been released by MHRD recently as ‘Some Inputs for Draft National Education Policy - 2016’ of 43 pages. Some modifications apparently are in Committees’ recommendations. The education system array is in disarray as mentioned in report. To know the treatment of the illness, it is necessary to what the problems are. Fairly detailed diagnosis of education scenario in India, across the boards in school education and higher education sector, lot of things have happened in last 30 years. College education from two lakh students has raised to three and half crore students now. From one and a half crore students in schools, now we have thirty-three crore students in universal education in school. 12% literacy in 1950s is now 74% literacy. The gaps found by TSR Committee are fundamental. Quality of Education: Overall the quality of education in school and higher education is very bad, and even worse, it is deteriorating in last 10-15 years. Discrimination against weaker and marginalized sections: Though not easily visible, but children from economically and socially backward classes, even though they have same right under RTE and higher education laws for education, it was found that system does not allow for the natural handicaps- financial or social handicaps. The major investment made in terms of emotions, finances and aspirations, they have not been realized. These are the important gaps found. 25% of class 8th students are not familiar with class 2nd material. After 8 years of schooling the basics of arithmetic operations are not familiar to 50% students. In higher education, for every reasonably one good institution, there are 20 which are bad. Across the board, it was essentially found that the system cannot sustain itself as it is and this is the diagnosis. Broad directions and solutions required, which are but not limited to: Teachers are important:  The importance has to be given to the teachers at all levels. The entire administration is focused on minister, secretary, director, the institutions etc. whereas it ought to focus on school and teacher. Need to inverse the psychology of entire pyramid of approach to education. Reduced Politicization: Rampant politicization and political interference at every aspect of school administration and higher education. Solving problems of quality and inclusivity Positive future: An interesting fact was found that human material in India is outstandingly good. Even if one goes into most remote part of India, there a child who is given reasonable health care, education, which in 3-4 years, will develop into a world class mind as good as anywhere in world. Thus TSR report is an indictment of the governance model in education sector. Basically, in other word there is crisis today and if India has to fly high again, education sector needs to be revived. TSR committee has given 90 recommendations for the same. TSR report tries to do the need-gap analysis which was first time done in 1948 by Dr. Radhakrishnan. These two reports have same focus on quality, inclusiveness, education, innovation. What is not mentioned in 1948 is the innovation which was not the need of economy or society. The need-gap analysis mentions the need to identify the right regulatory mechanisms and make these regulations effective. The problems in country today about school education or higher education system is not that we don’t have good policy makers or good policy report, but that the execution is not effective. RTE The report released by MHRD is different from TSR report. However, in both report and draft, there is not much focus on RTE Act. Not much has been known about RTE implementation in school education. After six years of enactment of RTE, only 10% of schools are complying with RTE. Everything is mentioned in RTE act, infrastructure, level of quality, teacher training and training regularization, so many solutions are incorporated in RTE act. If the focus on RTE act for implementation of RTE, many problems can be resolved. However, it is an act which has to be implemented. TSR report two points for RTE- Infrastructure is element and finance is another. There is a huge element of quality that has to come across the board of education. Also, couple of changes is required. It must be strongly enforced The gaps must be addressed Challenges The crisis today is of rise in intolerance in society and our education system should be able to address it. But the report doesn’t mention it. The quality question without context means nothing. The context is massification of schools and higher education and universities is increasing. Massification is a dramatic transformation of profile of student body in universities. However, our universities are not prepared to address them yet. The report also suggests not to open doors to foreign universities in rampant manner. It talks against commercialisation of education. It talks about regulation mechanism of universities but main thing which Yashpal committee had identified, that the primary problem is lack of autonomy to universities, is missing in report. There is political interference and then commercial interference too. There are lot of market interference. Most of professional education has gone with market. It no longer lies with public authorities. The ‘no detention policy’ is linked with Continuous Comprehensive Evaluation. No country has ‘no detention policy’. The detention policy has been removed at the time of RTE formation with a concept that self-esteem of a child should not be killed. Despite such initiatives, the results are poor. The 2014 ASER report showed that every second Class V student in rural India can’t read the text of a class three levels below. Thus, it is not the failure of child but of school and system. The system is not providing qualified teachers which hampers the child’s ability to learn. The report bats for 6% GDP, for public system of education, for strengthening of RTE, for public system of universities which is commendable. The center and state government relation has to be in such a manner that it goes and perform the deliveries of education. Numbers are coming in but quality is destroying. Comparing with international community, India is world class economy without world class universities. Finland, South Africa, Singapore have surpassed mathematics and other calculative methods. Its success depends on participation of state government with central government to implement the reforms. Why not a philosophical text? The TSR Committee approach is not of a social commentary. According to it, there is no need to go back to society and have a treatise over what is required. The economic, social problems, gender issues all other things in society need to be addressed and not changed and how to take into account with what the realities are. The issues need to be known. Grade the universities on merit. Those which fall in the higher merit category, give them 100% autonomy in every way. It is not a philosophical treatise. Not to see the history of education. Not talking of philosophy of education. Strong focus should be on values which permeate to entire system. Commission is not supposed to give 100% solution to the problems of country. Commission has to deal with the task allotted. It has not to deal with how to remove the corruption. Bodies and ministries have to take action. Currently, the regulatory mechanism is not autonomous, neither at center nor at the state. Thus, to improve the education conditions, autonomy is required to top-class institutions to further escalate positive changes. Medium of education TSR talks about 3 language policy. Mother tongue should be imperative in primary education and even further but English shouldn’t be ignored. Students’ Union Student union was not in favour by TSR report in sense of politicisation but MHRD is in favour. The Committee wants that there shouldn’t be any politicisation of Student’s Union. Even top institutes like Oxford and Harvard have Students’ Union. As long as academics issues are within universities, there is no problem. But if there is too much of politicisation at any level, whether teachers’ association, students’ association, regulatory bodies etc. then there is a problem. Indian universities have seen campus activism in pre independence which had been political in nature. Thus, today, there cannot be any guarantee of political colour not sprinkled on it. Important things have existed in history and today, Universities can’t disassociate itself from society and its issues. Connecting the dots: Identify the key challenges and possible solutions to be formulated as a part of New Education Policy. Key words: Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation: A process of assessment mandated by RTE Act which involves Evaluate every aspect of the child during their presence at the school Standards include class 6th to class 10th. Schools have own discretion in implementing beyond the range Aim: to reduce pressure on child at the time of annual exam through continuous evaluation during the year. It is different from traditional chalk and talk method The marks of students are replaced with grades which will be evaluated through a series of curricular and extra-curricular evaluations along with academics No detention policy: Students cannot be held back in class even if they fail TSR Committee report recommends No detention policy till class V, then hold exams RTE Act prescribes No detention policy for students till Class VIII Criticism: Lackadaisical attitude of children developed towards studies. Parents also do not bother as children cannot be held back Refer: Some Documents by MHRD Key recommendations by Committee for Evolution of the New Education Policy

Jul 13, 2016 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 13th July, 2016

Archives   IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 13th July, 2016   NATIONAL   TOPIC: General studies 2 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections Development processes and the development industry- the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders   Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act (ITPA) Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act lays down the legal framework for sex work in India Some of the provisions under ITPA provide for rescuing sex workers, remanding them to a rescue home and handing over them to their parents or family members (i.e. Rescue, Protect and Rehabilitate) However, a case study in Kolhapur showed that some of the women/sex workers rescued and remanded in home did not have living parents, some had left home decades ago, and some had families who did not know they were engaged in sex work. The women were shunted from home to home and finally released after some years. Such episode reveals in a nutshell all the shortcomings in the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act (ITPA). One, that it includes the word ‘immoral’, inserting an element of morality when the discussion should be purely legal. Two, that all sex work is assumed to be a result of trafficking with workers needing rescue. Three, that adult sex workers should be put into homes without their consent. Four, that adult women should need to produce families to be released, thus denying them any agency in their lives. And finally, that what is fondly paraded as an act of ‘rescue and rehabilitation’ should actually be incarceration and trauma. Sex workers and activists have also been demanding amendments to the Act, pointing out that its various provisions are being used disproportionately against sex workers. There is a demand from several sex workers collectives to legalise the trade, and allow them to work with “dignity”. Organisations such as the All India Network of Sex Workers have maintained that by legalising the trade not only will trafficking of women come down, but will also help in availing benefits of various health and welfare schemes. Clearly, there is every reason to desire a better law that can correct the anomalies in the existing one. But the recently minted Draft Trafficking of Persons (Prevention, Protection and Rehabilitation) Bill, 2016 does not do this. On the contrary, it opens up brand new grounds for anxiety.   Concerns with the new Draft Trafficking of Persons (Prevention, Protection and Rehabilitation) Bill, 2016 The Bill was fashioned in great secrecy – i.e. no wide consultative process took place among all the stakeholders The Draft Bill tackles trafficking solely through the lens of sex work. The Bill ignores the tens of thousands of men, women and children who are routinely trafficked for marriage, domestic labour or bonded labour in fields, mines, and textile andbeedi A provision in the Draft Bill allows any social worker or public-spirited citizento ‘rescue’ and ‘produce’ a ‘victim’ before the District Anti-Trafficking Committees it proposes to set up. This may create tensions in future as it opens doors to moral policing and could lead to harassment of not just sex workers but other ordinary people by overzealous, vigilante citizens. The Bill continues to conflate or combine both “prostitution” with “commercial sexual exploitation” into one – which goes completely against the grain of what activists are fighting for, namely protecting the rights of adults who stay in prostitution voluntarily. I.e. the Bill follows the conventional and simplistic approach to define ‘prostitution as exploitation’ rather than looking at it as ‘exploitation of prostitution’, which is the primary evil that must be addressed. It is important to treat trafficking in children, adult trafficked labour, and forced sex work as separate categories, but the Draft Bill mixes up everything in its portmanteau approach. The 2013 Verma Committee had specifically clarified that “the recast Section 370 ought not to be interpreted to permit law enforcement agencies to harass sex workers who undertake activities of their own free will, and their clients”. In 2015, a Supreme Court panel had recommended that the law relating to trafficking be read down for consenting adults in sex work and their clients. The Draft Bill also fails to mention the above recommendations. Enormous power, little accountability Further, the Draft Bill threatens basic constitutional freedoms of the persons it seeks to rescue. For instance, Article 22 gives a detained individual the right to consult a lawyer and be produced before a magistrate within 24 hours, but the Draft Bill allows persons to be directly produced before the member-secretaries of its District Anti-Trafficking Committees. Second, the Committees can independently recommend that a victim be repatriated to her home State (or another State) for increased protection. This contravenes Article 19, which grants citizens the right to move freely across, and reside anywhere in, the country. The way ahead: Adult trafficked persons must be consulted and made aware of their rights so that they can take informed and independent decisions on whether they want to be repatriated. The enormous power and little accountability that is vested in the proposed District Committees is troubling. They raid and rescue, rescued persons are produced before them, and they are also responsible for post-rescue care. In effect, it would appear that they are policeman, judge and rehabilitator rolled in one. At present, despite its lacunae, the ITPA still has some processes in place. For instance, nobody can enter a brothel without a warrant, and only some categories of police officers have the power to raid a brothel. Now, these guidelines stand to be transgressed. Overall, the critics argue that the present ITP Bill is carelessly drafted and muddled Bill that does more harm than good. It duplicates several existing (and unimaginative) provisions: Anti Human Trafficking Units already work in districts and States, the ITPA’s present raid-rescue-rehabilitation approach is a dismal failure, and rescue homes today are often the site of fresh exploitation. Thousands of placement agencies continue to be the chief source of human trafficking despite laws. The Draft Bill repeats the need for their registration without explaining how it will ensure it. These are but a few of the many shortcomings the Draft Bill needs to fix. Connecting the dots: Critically analyze the provisions of Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act and suggest some strategies to plug the loopholes in the ITPA Act. Government of India has come up with a new Draft Trafficking of Persons (Prevention, Protection and Rehabilitation) Bill, 2016. Critically analyze how effective this Bill would be if it becomes an Act. NATIONAL/SECURITY TOPIC: General studies 2 Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections General studies 3 Security challenges and their management in border areas; linkages of organized crime with terrorism Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate   AFSPA and Supreme Court’s recent orders calling to account In News: Extra Judicial Execution Victims Families Association, a representative platform of people in Manipur whose kin have allegedly been summarily killed by security forces had filed a petition against the AFSPA requesting Supreme Court to repeal AFSPA or at least make it accountable. The petition had alleged that there have been over 1,500 extra-judicial killings in the state and pleaded for the court’s intervention to deliver justice. Supreme Court made it clear: AFSPA does not provide blanket immunity to army personnel. The Supreme Court ruling is a strong critique of the manner of deployment of the Armed Forces Special Powers’ Act (AFSPA). The state and its agencies, under the cover of AFSPA, had sought immunity from legal scrutiny. The SC order has refused to be imprisoned by the state’s security-centric framework and the resultant curtailing of the citizen’s fundamental rights. AFSPA and its confrontations AFSPA was first introduced in 1958 The validity of the AFSPA has periodically come under scrutiny. A constitutional bench had upheld the act in the Naga People’s Movement of Human Rights, the Justice B.P. Jeevan Reddy committee advised the government to repeal it. Now the recent order of the Supreme Court is a landmark in the rights discourse in the country, where one may say that the court adopts an approach consistent with constitutional guarantees of life and liberty and dismantles the incessant and unreflective argument based on extreme notions of security and order.   Recent Supreme Court’s order outlines three crucial principles: One, the “order situation in Manipur is, at best, an internal disturbance. There is no threat to the security of the country or a part thereof either by war or an external aggression or an armed rebellion”. Two, “for tackling the internal disturbance, the armed forces of the Union can be deployed in aid of the civil power. The armed forces do not supplant the civil administration but only supplement it”. Three, “the deployment of the armed forces is intended to restore normalcy and it would be extremely odd if normalcy were not restored within some reasonable period, certainly not an indefinite period or an indeterminate period”. Conclusion: The AFSPA provides the framework for the armed forces but the law clearly lays down the operational procedure which is more often violated than followed. However, the court has made it clear that the state is bound by the direction of the Constitution bench that “every death caused by the armed forces” should be thoroughly inquired into if there is a complaint or allegation of abuse or misuse of power. The order, which will be one in a series of orders to come, as more cases being investigated reach their conclusions, has shone a much needed light on the dark underbelly of the operation of the AFSPA in several parts of the country and the effects it has had on governance and civil liberties. It is a welcome step in extending the rule of law and fundamental rights to an area where there has been much need for it for decades. Connecting the dots: Border management strategies should not only focus on strengthening the border protection forces but also on generating goodwill with the people residing in the border regions. Do you agree? Analyse in the context of India.   MUST READ Now is not the moment Hindu Related Articles: Uniform civil code : Need of the hour   Towards a continental shift Hindu Related Articles: This time in Africa Africa, a land of opportunity   Slowing down fast food Hindu   How The West Failed Iraq Indian Express   Reading the pulse Indian Express   How useful would additional green taxes be in India? Livemint   Stagnant manufacturing Livemint   Blockchain governance Livemint   The promise of Regrexit Livemint   Women’s safety in smart cities Livemint

Jul 13, 2016 60 Days Plan 2019 - Daily Prelims Test

IASbaba ’60 Day Plan- Prelims Test 2016 GEOGRAPHY & CURRENT AFFAIRS [DAY 51]

Click here to get all the Tests– Archives Hello Friends Hope you are enjoying Daily questions. The link for Day 50 solution is active now.  Why we asked you to comment? Now go back to check your answers that you posted with honest effort. Edit your answers with marks. Everyday like this you can self monitor your progress for all 60 days. Accountability to self is the only way for success IASbaba '60 Day Plan' - Prelims Test 2016 [Day 51] Q.1) Consider the following statements regarding dust particles in atmosphere: Dust particles are a pollutant and are originated from anthropogenic sources only Convectional currents may carry dust particles to height in the atmosphere. Dust particles help in the formation of clouds. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1 and 2 b) 2 and 3 c) 1 and 3 d) All of the above Q.2) Consider the following statements: Troposphere extends up to 18km at equator and 8 km at pole. The temperature at tropopause over the equator is less than that the temperature of tropopause over the pole. The height of stratosphere is constant across the globe. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1 and 2 b) 2 and 3 c) 1 and 3 d) All of the above Q.3) Which of the following statements are incorrect about Mesosphere? Mesosphere lies above the stratosphere and temperature increases with increase in altitude. The ionosphere lies from 80km to 400km above the Mesosphere. Select the code from below: a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Q.4) Amongst the following gases, which one has the highest concentration in the atmosphere? a) Carbon dioxide b) Argon c) Hydrogen d) Helium Q.5) Which of the following factors control the insolation received at a place: Rotation of the earth Angle of inclination of sun’s rays Transparency of the atmosphere Albedo of the surface Select the correct code from following: a) 1,2 and 3 b) 2,3 and 4 c) 1,3 and 4 d) All of the above Q.6) The transfer of heat though horizontal movement of air is called: a) Convection b) Advection c) Conduction d) Radiation Q.7) The average temperature on earth remains constant. This is because: a) Earth retains the sun’s heat and the net heat radiated by earth back to space is less than the heat received by the earth from sun. b) The net heat radiated by the earth back to space is equal to the heat received by the earth. c) The net heat radiated back by the earth is more than the heat received by the earth. d) None of the above statements are correct. Q.8) Consider the following statements regarding Temperature inversion: Surface Temperature inversion promotes unstability in the lower layer of the atmosphere. In hills and mountains night temperature inversion takes place due to air drainage. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Q.9) The atmosphere is mainly heated by the: a) Short wave solar radiation b) Long wave terrestrial radiation c) Reflected solar radiation d) Scattered solar radiation Q.10) Consider the following the statements: Coriolis force is due to the rotation of earth and acts perpendicular to the direction of the flow of wind. Friction force on air is due to the undulations on earth and acts in the direction of the motion of the wind. Select the correct statement: a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Q.11) Geostopic winds are high altitude winds which flows parallel to the isobars. Which of the following statements are correct about Geostopic winds? The net force on geostopic winds is zero. The friction does not act on geostropic winds The winds blow with a uniform speed. Select the code from below: a) 1 and 2 b) 1 and 3 c) 2 only b) All of the above Q.12) Consider the following statements: An air mass is defined as a large body of air having little horizontal and vertical variation in temperature and moisture. Air masses cannot be formed over oceans as a source region need to be homogenous. Temperate cyclones are formed by convergence of two contrasting air masses. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1 and 2 b) 2 and 3 c) 1 and 3 d) All of the above Q.13) Consider the following statements regarding Temperate Cyclones: Temperate cyclones causes winter rains in west European countries and are good for crops. Torrential Rainfall is caused by cumulinimbus clouds. These cyclones have an eye with calm weather. They are formed only on the sea/ocean surface and are sustained by latent heat provided by condensation of water vapour. These cyclone pushes westerlies which are responsible for winter rainfall in Northern India. Which of the above statements are incorrect? a) 1 and 5 b) 1,2,3 and 4 c) 2,3 and 4 d) 3 and 5 Q.14) In which of the following situations, condensation can take place? The temperature of the air is reduced to dew point with its volume remaining constant. When both the volume and the temperature are reduced When moisture is added to the air through evaporation. When temperature is increased with constant volume Select the code from below: a) 1,2 and 3 b) 1 only c) 3 and 4 d) 2,3 and 4 Q.15) Generally the Rainfall occurring in Western Ghats is – a) Orographic rainfall b) Convenctional rainfall c) Cyclonic Rainfall d) None of the above Q.16) Which among the following statements is/are not correct? Infant mortality rate (IMR) is the number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births. Neonatal death the death of a baby before or during birth after 28 weeks of gestation. Choose the appropriate code: a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both d) None Q.17) Arrange the following states according to first arrival of Southwest Monsoon rainfall to last to receive: Kerala Meghalaya Andhra Pradesh Bihar Choose the appropriate code from below: a) 2-4-3-1 b) 1-3-2-4 c) 2-3-4-1 d) 1-2-3-4 Q.18) India is progressing on acquisition and exploration of the ‘Farzad-B’ gas oilfields. In which country does this oil field belong to? a) Papua New Guinea b) Iran c) Turkmenistan d) UAE Q.19) Which country is likely to set up an International Maritime Judicial Centre? a) Japan b) USA c) China d) India Q.20) Though India has one of the largest coal reserves in the world, but the extraction of Coal Bed Methane (CBM) is less than optimal because India lacks in CBM related services. Lack of infrastructure and CBM related technology. Low gas prices in domestic market. Most of CBM reserves are in tribal areas. Select the correct answer using the code given below. a) 1, 2 and 3 only b) 1, 3 and 4 only c) 2 and 4 only d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 Q.21) Pattachitra is a) A cloth-based scroll painting of Odisha b) A traditional dance form of Odisha c) Block painting of Buddhism faith d) Paintings done on dry leaves and preserved  Q.22) What are ‘Mithrim Montes’? a) Dust coming from beyond our solar system b) Mission to explore the subsurface oceans of Saturn’s icy moons c) Mountainous ridges hosting Titan’s tallest peak d) Experimental aircrafts to test the green aviation technology by the industry Q.23) What do you mean by ‘Google Tax’? a) A tax council to act as an advisory body with a research unit initiated by the web giant ‘Google’ b) An equalisation levy to ensure that the online businesses which are global in nature are taxed effectively c) A special tax to be levied on foreign companies having their headquarters in India d) The procedure enabling electronic filing of documents Q.24) Consider the following statements: Deposit amount on bank balance sheet (account book) is put under liability category. Lent money is put under asset category Select the correct option/s: a) Only 1 b) Only 2 c) Both d) None Q.25) Who has headed the panel on restructuring of the Indian Railways? a) Debroy b) Khakodkar c) Prakash Javdekar d) Ashok Mehta Download the Solution- Click here P.S- Attempt these questions within 20 minutes with full honesty and write your results in the comment box. Next day, come back and check your result. You can also discuss the important concepts and issues, in case of doubts (among peers) All the best IASbaba

Jul 13, 2016 IASbaba's Monthly Current Affairs Magazine

IASbaba Current Affairs Monthly Magazine- JUNE 2016

Hello Friends                                                                                                            This is the THIRTEENTH edition of IASbaba’s Current Affairs Monthly Magazine for UPSC Civil Services Examination. This edition covers all important issues that were in news in the month of JUNE 2016Click here