Jun 28, 2016 PIB

IASbaba Press Information Bureau (PIB)- 20th June to 26th June, 2016

ARCHIVES   GS-2 Withdrawal of the Drugs and Cosmetics (Amendment) Bill, 2013  (Topic: Constitutional amendment bill) About- Union Cabinet, chaired by the PM, has decided to withdraw the Drugs and Cosmetics (Amendment) Bill, 2013 Bill had been examined by the Standing Committee of Parliament which had made a number of recommendations for changing the provisions of the Bill. Regulatory framework for- Ensuring the quality Safety and efficacy of medical products, including the medicines Medical devices In-vitro medical devices Stem cells Regenerative medicines Clinical trial/investigation etc. (provided for in the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940)   Two fold objectives- To facilitate the ease of doing business Substantially enhancing the quality and efficacy of our products Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has, accordingly, undertaken an exercise at two levels namely- To frame separate rules under the existing Act for regulating medical devices To bring out separate legislations for regulating medical devices and Drugs and Cosmetics. Cabinet decision- Keeping in view the role of the sector in managing public health, Cabinet decided that it will not be appropriate to carry out further amendments in the present Act especially as newer areas of biological, stem cells and regenerative medicines, medical devices and clinical trial/investigation, etc. cannot be effectively regulated under the existing law. In order to leverage the comparative cost advantage, the demographic dividend and the advantage in information technology, the Indian medical products sector is poised for exponential growth in the near future which would besides meeting the domestic demand, has the potential to become an international hub for manufacturing these products and attracting investment in the sector. India’s Scenario- It is one of the largest manufacturers of pharmaceutical products in the world. The annual production of such products is in excess of Rs. 2 lakh crore. Out of this, over 55% is exported to over 200 countries/economies of the world including the developed countries. As such, the pharmaceutical sector in India plays a vital role in managing the public health in large number countries at a substantially lower cost.   MoU: India and Germany (Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests) About- Union Cabinet chaired by the PM has been apprised of signing of a MoU with Steinbeis GmbH Co. KG for Technology transfer, Germany on technology resourcing in manufacturing, including sub-sectors of Capital Goods. Steinbeis GmbH- It is a leading organization for applied industrial research in Europe. It will act as a Technology Resource Partner for implementing identified projects in manufacturing. MoU- Profiling of specific technologies Technology road mapping for specified Capital Goods sub-sectors Assessment of technology status of Capital Goods Cluster Cooperation in events on technology Upgrading existing technology institutes / setting up Greenfield institutes in India and other technology related co-operation and collaboration. Importance- It is a framework instrument to facilitate industrial technology projects by Indian Capital Goods Sector To provide a platform to various public sector undertakings and Capital Goods Sector units to have easy access to capabilities and expertise of Steinbeis GmbH for identifying and plugging technology gaps.   India and UK join hands: Work as R&D partners in Solar Alliance and Nano Material Research (Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests) About- At the 5th Indo-UK Science and Innovation Council Meeting (SIC), India and UK have agreed to work together in two major initiatives in the fields of Solar Energy and Nano Material Research, inter alia. Cooperation is aimed to yield- High quality and high impact research outputs having industrial relevance, targeted towards addressing societal needs. SIC- It is the apex body which oversees the entire gamut of the India-UK science, technology and innovation cooperation and meets once in two years. Last meeting of the SIC was held in New Delhi in November 2014 during which both countries had launched the Newton-Bhabha Programme to support the bilateral Science & Technology cooperation. Currently, the value of investment in Indo-UK research and development cooperation from multiple Indian and UK agencies exceeds 200 million pounds of co-funding. UK stands amongst the top three collaborating countries in science and technology with India. Focus on- Systems level design and development covering Solar energy generation, storage systems and grid integration particularly for micro-grid systems. India would be investing Rs.50 crores over a period of five years with matching contribution from Research Council UK (RCUK) under the Newton-Bhabha Programme. India-UK networked Centre on Solar Energy would be established and would be linked to India’s renewable energy mission and UK’s Supergens Programme Newton-Bhabha Programme – Two sides have also agreed on a collaborative program on Energy Efficiency in Built Environment as a part of the Smart Cities mission. Both the countries have agreed on common research agenda focused on energy-efficient building envelop, low energy coolingand thermal comfort as well as energy efficient technologies for city and community level. Importance- Strengthening of the Indo-UK Science & Technology cooperation, the SIC announced access to Indian researchers to the Neutron Scattering facility of the UK’s Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxford. Unique facility, based on the use of neutron scattering and muon spectroscopy, is a world class facility at Oxford to carry out fundamental research on understanding a wide range of matter at the fundamental level. To enhance Indian capability to fabricate structures at Nano scale level for creating interesting and technologically important materials through research in fundamental science In the area of life and health sciences- Department of Biotechnology(DBT), India and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), UK have agreed to provide continued support to the virtual joint centers on Agricultural Nitrogen. Two agencies are also supporting research collaboration under Global Research Partnership in Aquaculture.In the area of health sciences, the focus is to address health needs of women and children. In the field of Water Quality Research- Department of Science and Technology(DST) and NERC-UK will initiate a collaborative research program to improve water quality in India. Program would address the problem of natural, geo-genic contaminants such as arsenic and fluoride as well as man-made pollutants like pharmaceutical and personal care products increasingly being found in ground water. Program is being developed to support implementation of the goals of the National Mission for Clean Ganga. India-UK Centre of Advanced Manufacturing through DST-RCUK- Cooperation linked to the Make in India Program and UK’s Catapult Centre program Projects will be designed to deliver industry-relevant results that can be readily applied to current challenges in manufacturing supply chain.   Extension of timeline for issuance of Bonds by State Governments under the Scheme UDAY for Financial and Operational Turnaround of Power Distribution Companies  (Topic: Government schemes and policies and issues arising out of their design and implementation) About- Union Cabinet in a meeting, chaired by PM, accorded an extension of timeline for taking over 50% of the Outstanding Debt of DISCOMs, as existing on 30th September, 2015, by States, and borrowings by State of Jammu and Kashmir under UDAY (Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana). The time limits have now been extended by one year from the earlier stipulated date of 31st March, 2016 UDAY- It is the most comprehensive power sector reform ever, was conceived to permanently resolve all DISCOM problems – past, present and future. It is a scheme for the operational and financial turnaround of DISCOMs, which are the weakest link in the power value chain. It provides DISCOMs with a clear roadmap and opportunity to become profitable in the next 3 years. UDAY is an important component of the effort to realise the mission of 24x7 affordable and environment friendly ‘Power for All’. Power, being a concurrent subject, requires the active participation of the States. Though, UDAY is optional, several States/Union Territories have joined or agreed to join the scheme demonstrating its necessity and appeal. However, some States were unable to join the scheme due to time constraints in completing the processes or inability to take major policy decisions such as joining UDAY due to on-going election processes. Extension of the timeline will enable States to participate in this scheme by allowing adequate time to complete the multi-stakeholder process required for joining and/or issuing Bonds. Turnaround of DISCOMs is made possible through Improving operational efficiencies of DISCOMs Reduction in the cost of power Reduction in interest cost of DISCOMs through States taking over 75% of the DISCOM debt, as on 30th September, 2015 over two years, and the rest being re-priced through bonds and loans at lower interest rates Enforcing financial discipline on DISCOMs through alignment with State finances. With the Cabinet decision- States shall take over 75% of DISCOM debt as on 30th September, 2015 by 31st March, 2017, by issuing Bonds. Intervention will lower the interest burden of debt and allow States, which could not avail of the opportunity to join UDAY earlier to put DISCOMs reforms on accelerated path. It is a significant step in realising the vision of 24X7 Power for All. GS-3 MoU: IWAI and IPGPL on the Kaladan Multimodal Transit Transport Project  (Topic: Transportation) About- Kaladan Multimodal Transit Transport Project (KMTTP) in Myanmar was conceptualized and is being administered by the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) It is to- Facilitate connectivity between the mainland and the North Eastern States of the country through-> Maritime shipping—Inland waterways—Roads of Myanmar Importance- Link between North Eastern States of India and Myanmar will pave the way for enhanced trade & commerce across the border Enable cultural and social integration at the regional level. India Ports Global Private Limited (IPGPL)- It has been established as a Joint Venture between Kandla Port Trust and Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust for the purpose of development of ports overseas. IPGPL was asked to partner IWAI (Inland Waterways Authority of India) in the Kaladan project as a sub-PDC. Suggested mainly to use and develop the capabilities of IPGPL which has been created for a specialized purpose, completing the implementation of Kaladan project within the scheduled timeframe of April 2019 To provide relief to IWAI, whose responsibilities have increased manifold due to declaration of 106 new National Waterways and implementing the ambitious ‘Jal Marg Vikas’ project. MoU for implementation of the following three additional works Container handling facilities at Sittwe & Paletwa Operation & Maintenance of the completed works Wrecks removed in Sittwe Port basin area   Indian Warships Visit Busan, South Korea after Exercise Malabar 2016  (Topic: Various security forces and agencies and their mandate) About- In a demonstration of India’s ‘Act East’ policy and Indian Navy’s increasing footprint and operational reach, Indian Naval Ships Sahyadri, Shakti and Kirch have arrived at Busan on a four day visit, as part of deployment of the Eastern Fleet to the South China Sea. Aim- To enhance maritime cooperation between the Indian Navy and the ROK It will further bolster the strong bonds of friendship between India and Republic of Korea and contribute to security and stability in this vital part of the world. Bilateral relations between India and Republic of Korea- Historical and cultural- Enduring philosophy of the Lord Buddha, which has influenced the lives and thoughts of people of the two countries, also provides a strong link. Trade and economic cooperation- Has been forging ahead steadily and have progressed leaps and bounds in recent years. Both countries have signed a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement, with special emphasis on shipbuilding and electronics hardware manufacturing. Defence and Security- Relations between India and Republic of Korea have evolved steadily over the years and have received a renewed impetus with the visit of Indian defence delegation led by Defence Minister in April 16. Close relationship between India and RoK has been reinforced in modern times by political and economic imperatives Subscription to training courses, participation in multi-lateral seminars/forums, reciprocal port visits, high-level delegations and training exchanges have bolstered naval cooperation between the two countries. Both countries have forged ties in the field of military R&D, with MoU signed between Indian Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and the Defence Acquisition Programme Administration (DAPA) of RoK. Last visit by an INship to Republic of Korea was in October 2015, when Sahyadri berthed at Incheon.   PSLV-C34 Successfully Launches 20 Satellites in a Single Flight (Topic: Science and technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday) About- In its thirty sixth flights (PSLV-C34), ISRO's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle successfully launched the 727.5 kg Cartosat-2 Series Satellite along with 19 co-passenger satellites from Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota. PSLV-C34 This is the thirty fifth consecutively successful mission of PSLV and the fourteenth in its 'XL' configuration. The total weight of all the 20 satellites carried on-board PSLV-C34 was 1288 kg. After PSLV-C34 lift-off at 0926 hrs (9:26 am) IST from the Second Launch Pad with the ignition of the first stage, the subsequent important flight events, namely, strap-on ignitions and separations, first stage separation, second stage ignition, heat-shield separation, second stage separation, third stage ignition and separation, fourth stage ignition and cut-off, took place as planned. After a flight of 16 minutes 30 seconds, the satellites achieved a polar Sun Synchronous Orbit of 508 km inclined at an angle of 97.5 degree to the equator (very close to the intended orbit) and in the succeeding 10 minutes, all the 20 satellites successfully separated from the PSLV fourth stage in a predetermined sequence. After separation, the two solar arrays of Cartosat-2 series satellite were deployed automatically and ISRO's Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) at Bangalore took over the control of the satellite. In the coming days, the satellite will be brought to its final operational configuration following which it will begin to provide remote sensing services using its panchromatic (black and white) and multispectral (colour) cameras. Of the 19 co-passenger satellites carried by PSLV-C34, two – SATHYABAMASAT weighing 1.5 kg and SWAYAM weighing 1 kg – are University/Academic institute satellites and were built with the involvement of students from Sathyabama University, Chennai and College of Engineering, Pune, respectively. Remaining 17 co-passenger satellites were international customer satellites from Canada (2), Germany (1), Indonesia (1) and the United States (13). Total number of satellites launched by India’s workhorse launch vehicle PSLV has reached 113, of which 39 are Indian and the remaining 74 from abroad. Cartosat-2 series satellite will be useful for- Cartographic applications Urban and rural applications Coastal land use and regulation Utility management like road network monitoring Water distribution Creation of land use maps Precision study Change detection to bring out geographical and manmade features and various other Land Information System (LIS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) applications   ‘Make in India’ Conference: Enabling Spacecraft Systems Realisation through Industries (Topic: Science and technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday) About- “Make in India” Conference on Enabling Spacecraft Systems Realization through Industries (ESSRI - 2016) was organized at ISRO Satellite Centre, Bengaluru. Aim- To elicit industry support for spacecraft realization on an end-to-end basis to meet the rapidly increasing national demand for space based services and the realization of PM’s objective of “Make in India” Importance- In order to meet the increased demand for space based services, it was imperative that ISRO joined hands with the Industries in its effort towards enhancing its capacity Highlights- Synergetic collaboration between ISRO and Industry partnership would be a win-win situation for both. Expression of Interest (EoI) for realising spacecraft on an end-to-end basis has been hosted on ISRO/ISAC websites and invited the industries to respond to it. Gave an insight into the requirements of ISRO with respect to hardware, technologies, quality and delivery schedule and what was essential for them to be qualified vendors of ISRO. During the interaction, the Industries presented their capabilities and expressed their commitment to partner with ISRO for the realization of satellites on end-to-end basis and expressed their readiness for gearing-up to venture into global space market.   Establishment of ‘Fund of Funds’ for funding support to Start-ups (Topic: Indian economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment) About- Union Cabinet, chaired by the PM, has approved the establishment of "Fund of Funds for Startups" (FFS) at Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) It is for- Contribution to various Alternative Investment Funds (AIF), registered with Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) which would extend funding support to Startups. This is in line with the Start up India Action Plan unveiled by Government in January 2016. FFS- The corpus of FFS is Rs. 10,000 crore which shall be built up over the 14th and 15th Finance Commission cycles subject to progress of the scheme and availability of funds. Further provisions will be made as grant assistance through Gross Budgetary Support by Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) which will monitor and review performance in line with the Start up India Action Plan. FFS emanates from the Start up India Action Plan, an initiative of Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion (DIPP). Expertise of SIDBI would be utilized to manage the day to day operations of the FFS. Monitoring and review of performance would be linked to the implementation of the Start up Action Plan to enable execution as per timelines and milestones. Importance- Provide a stable and predictable source of funding for Start up enterprises and thereby facilitate large scale job creation. Start-ups face several challenges – Limited availability of domestic risk capital Constraints of conventional bank finance Information asymmetry and lack of hand holding support from credible agencies A large majority of the successful Start-ups have been funded by foreign venture funds and many of them are locating outside the country to receive such funding. Background- Accelerating innovation driven entrepreneurship and business creation through Start-ups is crucial for large-scale employment generation. An expert committee on Venture Capital (VC) has opined that "India has the potential to build about 2500 highly scalable businesses in the next 10 years, and given the probability of entrepreneurial success that means 10000 Start ups will need to be spawned to get 2500 large scale businesses". A dedicated fund for carrying out Fund of Funds operations would address these issues and enable flow of assistance to innovative Start ups through their journey to becoming full-fledged business entities. This would encompass support at seed stage, early stage and growth stage. Government contribution to the target corpus of the individual Fund as an investor would encourage greater participation of private capital and thus help leverage mobilization of larger resources.   Pilot Programme to run two wheelers on CNG launched in New Delhi (Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment) About- Launch of its first kind Pilot Programme in the country to run two wheelers on Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Aim- To curb rising air pollution in Indian cities Government’s effort- It is pro-actively striving to promote clean fuel in the country Government is promoting the use of gas in the country, thereby providing a better lifestyle to the people and also fulfilling the COP-21 commitments to curb pollution. Gas share in the country’s fuel basket is just 7% compared to world average of around 24%. Government is fully committed to control pollution in the country, and for this purpose, there will be a jump from Euro-IV type fuel to Euro-VI by 2020. The launch of pilot phase of the project for CNG kit in two-wheelers will have a far-reaching implication in reducing pollution. Steps such as cess of Rs. 400 per tonne on coal, introduction of E-rickshaws and providing subsidy to electric/hybrid cars, show the urgency and intention of the government to fight pollution. Importance- Introduction of CNG in two wheeler segment has the capacity to revolutionize the fight against air pollution in the country and especially in the metros like Delhi, where two wheelers contribute a major portion in the vehicular emissions, according to several studies. ‘Hawa Badlo’ movement It is a people’s initiative to fight air pollution which is supported by GAIL and city gas distribution companies. As part of the movement, a number of awareness drives have been carried out regarding the fight against air pollution. ‘Hawa Badlo’ also supports research initiatives in this regard, of which the CNG retrofitted two wheeler programme is a part.  

Jun 28, 2016 AIR

All India Radio - Launch of PSLV C-34

ARCHIVES Launch of PSLV C-34 The Indian space programme has attained new heights in recent consecutive space expeditions undertaken. Now, when ISRO’s PSLV C-34 establishes a record of launching 20 satellites in a single go, it has added one more feather to ISRO’s cap. Earlier, India had launched 10 satellites together way back in 2008! The PSLV C-34 consists of 20 satellites out which the largest is Cartosat 2, two student satellites and 17 foreign satellites. The unique feature of this space mission is testing the manoeuvre of India’s space capabilities of launching different satellites in different orbits in one attempt. India’s Earth Observation spacecraft ‘Cartosat 2’ is a remote sensing satellite and a part of Cartosat series which will be useful for cartographic applications, urban and rural applications, coastal land use and regulation, utility management like road network monitoring, water distribution, creation of land use maps, precision study, disaster management, change detection to bring out geographical and manmade features and various other Land Information System (LIS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) applications. The resolution is 25 cms. It means, it will be able to image objects as small as 25 cms. So, specially near the border areas, it will be able to track the movement, thus keep vigil on border. PSLV- why unique? Its previous 33 flights have been successfully launched (Total 36 flights, 1 failure, 1 partial success) It is most reliable launching vehicle of ISRO. A Time tested design. Various versions of PSLV have been used for numerous launches, especially critical ones like maiden moon mission (Chandrayaan-I) and Mars mission (MOM). Cost effective to private space organisations Hence, while India is making inroads into the elite group of space experts and showing its capability with numerous indigenous space missions as well as affordable commercial services, No doubt it is called ‘workhorse of ISRO’. Interesting à USA and Russia had powerful rockets to send the spacecraft straightaway to moon and mars. But ISRO had to use PSLV as it didn’t have powerful rocket. Using PSLV, innovative arrangement was made to reach the moon and mars by having a very large orbit and boosting it by firing booster rocket every time it came near to earth. So, without using powerful rocket, ISRO was able to send probe to moon and mars. Cost of MOM was 1/10th the of USA’s Mars Mission. Major features of PSLV C-34 Launched 20 satellites together Developing strong foothold amongst global space powers. Big clientele= Private space companies of USA have also availed ISRO’s service for two reasons. One, a capable and reliable launch system. Two, most cost effective option. Two Student satellites= shows increased interests of students, which is highly encouraging for space sector SATYABHAMASAT- to collect data on greenhouse gases SWAYAM- to provide point to point messaging service to HAM (amateur radio) community Other student satellites previously launched include Youthsat, Jugnu, Studsat etc. Uniqueness of flight At the 4th stage of launch, after satellites are placed into orbit, its engine will be re-ignited for 5 seconds. Then it will be shut down for 50 minutes and re-ignited for another five seconds. During this time period, after each satellite is injected into orbit, the vehicle will be re-oriented if required and the next satellite will be put into orbit with a varying velocity so that the distance between the satellites grows monotonically. This will be done to ensure that there is no collision of satellites. Difference from the past: In 2008, all the 10 satellites were placed in same orbit at same height with small time differences. Thus, this is crucial test of ISRO’s capability and future complex experiments The past decade has been progressive for ISRO. Increased indigenous space missions and commercial launches have tremendously contributed to conducting new experiments for future space programmes (Aditya, Chandrayaan-II). Launches in lower orbit are continuously taking place for commercial as well as socio- economic reasons like Cartosat or others. Thus, for past decade, it can be said that ISRO is progressing as per plan. Other achievements PSLV C-34 comes within a month of another remarkable breakthrough by ISRO when first Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) technology-Demonstrator was launched and then recovered. RLV is in nascent stage as it will take another 10 years to have full-fledged space shuttle which will go to space and land back as an aircraft. For now, a good beginning is encouraging. IRNSS has put all seven satellites in orbit (Operational name NAVIC- NAVigation with Indian Constellation). It is India’s big achievement to have indigenous system for navigation to provide accurate real-time positioning and timing services over India and region extending to 1500 km around India. The NAVIC would provide two services, with the Standard Positioning Service open for civilian use, and the Restricted Service (an encrypted one) for authorized users (including the military). Thus, a big boost to Indian military system due to better navigation facility through own satellites. In another unique initiative, various government departments have been collaborating with ISRO to assess the use of space technologies or applications. Themes of Agriculture, Energy and Environment, Infrastructure, Water, Development Planning, Communication and Navigation, Weather and Disaster Management, Health and Education are expected to have space application interventions for more useful effect in governance and development activities. Competitive future 3-5 years ago, ISRO was able to conduct 1-2 launches in the entire year. Now, it plans to conduct one launch per month in future. This points out to increased proficiency and additional launching facilities made at same launch site available. The pressure of commercial launches is simultaneously building up. Thus, ISRO has to make progress in rapid fashion in the space market to establish itself as reliable, affordable launch vehicle provider. GSLV future ISRO is yet to develop capabilities to launch satellites of INSAT class (They are heavy satellites of more than 2tonnes to be placed in GTOs which is possible only through GSLV). INSAT (Communication satellite) is used for telecommunications, broadcasting, meteorology, and search and rescue operations. However, it has been launched with help of foreign launch vehicles only. To holistically develop India’s space programme, India has to successfully create GSLV’s advanced versions. GSLV MkIII programme of ISRO is slated to be a game changer when it establishes mammoth capacity to launch 4-6 tonnes payload into space. GSLV MkIII is most powerful rocket in design. It features an Indian cryogenic third stage and a higher payload capacity than the current GSLV. GSLV MkIII replaces the solid core stage with a large liquid-fuelled core stage and twin Solid Rocket Boosters with a large cryogenic upper stage stacked on top. Key words: PSLV: Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle Mainly to deliver ‘earth-observation’ or ‘remote sensing’ satellites Lift off mass of about 1750kg to sun synchronous circular polar orbit of 600-900 km An orbit is called sun-synchronous when the angle between the line joining the centre of the Earth and the satellite and the Sun is constant throughout the orbit. (Also called Low Earth Orbit) A four staged launch vehicle. Can launch payload upto 1.5 tonnes PSLV is classified into its various versions like core-alone version (PSLV-CA), PSLV-G or PSLV-XL variants (C-34 is XL variant) GSLV: Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle GSLV was primarily developed to launch INSAT class of satellites into Geosynchronous Transfer Orbits. A three stage launcher that uses one solid rocket motor stage, one Earth storable liquid stage and one cryogenic stage. The satellite in GTO is raised to its final destination, the Geo-synchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) of about 36,000 km altitude. It can launch upto 2500kg in GTO and 5000kg in LEO EDUSAT launched through GSLV MkI is India's first satellite built exclusively to serve the educational sector through satellite based distance education. Cryogenic Technology: Cryogenic fuels are the fuels that are to be stored at low temperature to maintain their liquid state. They are used in space as in human-explorable space, there is absence of environment to support combustion (oxygen is non-existent). liquefied gases  such as liquid hydrogen, Liquid natural gas, liquid methane are options, but best combination of liquefied hydrogen and liquefied oxygen used in space engines The thrust comes from the rapid expansion from liquid to gas with the gas emerging from the motor at very high speed. The energy needed to heat the fuels comes from burning them, once they are gasses. Cryogenic engines are the highest performing rocket motors. Using cryogenic in GSLV MKIII makes India one of the 6 countries which are capable of producing cryogenic engines. (In Feb 2016, ISRO successfully tested indigenous High Thrust Cryogenic Engine) Search 20th and 22nd June here: http://newsonair.com/Main_Audio_Bulletins_Search.aspx Refer: ISRO’s Reusable Launch Vehicle Technology Demonstrator (RLV-TD) Journey of Indian space program ISRO tests indigenous cryogenic engine

Jun 27, 2016 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 27th June, 2016

Archives   IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 27th June, 2016   INTERNATIONAL   TOPIC: General Studies 2 Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India's interests Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India's interests, Indian diaspora.   BREXIT – Britain’s Exit from EU The hover around Brexit referendum has come to an end with Britain voting to ‘leave’ EU. In the article below, we shall cover the following: Why Britain went for referendum? What Brexit means for Britain? for European Union? for rest of the world? More importantly, what it means for India? Finding the roots of Brexit Referendum Many believed that EU threatens British Sovereignty. In 2008 financial crisis, EU central bank failed to respond effectively leading to recession – this increased worry among wealthy countries like UK that they might have to help bailout the less wealthy countries. Some Brits didn’t like that many foreigners (from other EU countries) were moving to Britain after EU was formed. During 2008 crisis, people from those countries who couldn’t find jobs at home, went to find in wealthier countries like UK. This put an extra burden on existing resources of UK- Immigration issue. Burdensome regulations of EU - It is argued that EU regulations cost the British economy 600 million euros every week. On security issues, Brexiteers think that they should have control over its borders in era of international terrorism at its peak. UK could keep the money it currently sends to the EU as a part of contribution to EU budget. Britain would be free to discuss bilateral trade pacts with other countries.   The possible outcome of ‘leave’ vote With 52% of British national voting to ‘leave’ EU, concerns and uncertainties raised across the world about the possible outcomes. Immediate reactions can be seen in markets which swiftly reacted. British Pound lost 9% of its value and reached its 30 Year low – reflects market worries about more severe consequences in the months ahead. And it is expected to fall by around 20% in future.   Consequences – For Britain In the short run, uncertainly about Britain’s future relationship with the EU, its largest trading partner, could push the UK into a recession. Falling value of currency has great implications on its imports and exports, it may increase no. of tourists, students etc (In the long time, the same could be reversed if new visa norms and immigration rules are put in place). Britain products could lose its easy entry into other European markets (currently about 45% of UKs trade is with EU) IMF forecasts UKs economy to be 5% smaller by 2019. It will become tougher for people to move across the borders. (Currently about 1.2 million Brits living in EU countries). It may trigger job crisis in UK (At present about 3 million jobs are tied to EU). Brexit could encourage disintegration of United Kingdom. UK is made up of 4 countries – England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Scotland supported ‘Remain’ on Brexit referrundum – Scottish first minister threatens to block the legislation on Brexit. 44% Scottish people voted to make Scotland an Independent country in 2014. And now they are considering to revisit the issue of Independence. Consequences – For EU Britain’s departure could have ripple effects throughout the Europe too This might be the first of many political expressions of discontent among other EU countries, potentially causing the disintegration of EU. People from other EU countries may find it difficult to access UK’s jobs. Affects students who wish to pursue their studies in esteemed institutions of UK. There may be a large scale dislocation of people which may cause chaos. Consequences – For the world EU made trade with European countries much easier for the world, and it also made it easier to negotiate with Europe for geopolitical help. Now Britain may not be a part of such negotiations and discussions. Its impact on Asian countries is less likely because exports to the UK is less than approximately 2% for most economies as a percentage of GDP, except India and Japan which trade more with UK. UK could have a more rational immigration system outside the EU, since Immigration was one of the most important issue (an emotional one too) – Which affects foreign nationals visiting UK (students, employees, tourists, visitors etc).   Effects on India Some facts regarding India - UK Currently about 800 Indian owned companies are operating in UK (more than all combined together in EU) and generate 1 million jobs. (Jaguar, Bharti Airtel, HCL technologies, TATA, Pharmaceutical industries etc). UK has been an entry point for Indian business to the rest of the world. In the 2016 financial year,India-UK bilateral trade was worth $ 14.02 billion. India exported goods and services worth $ 8.83 billion while imports from the UK were at $ 5.19 billion. IT, Health care, food and agriculture technologies are the key sectors. UK is 3rd largest source of FDI to India. One of the key concerns is the three million strong diaspora of Indian origin. The other one being the interests of a large moving population of Indians who come to Britain ever year as tourists, business people, professionals, students, spouses, parents and relatives.   Positives form Brexit Some argue that EU is the biggest obstacle to India-UK trade. Hence many believe that it would boost trade. Weakening of Pound will give some advantage for Indian imports. Weaker pound will also benefit Indian tourists and students (however it is an advantage to other countries too, once the new immigration policies are framed, Indians will have an edge over others owing to intellectual traits – talented and English speaking population of India). At last India could escape from some of the rigorous regulations of EU which hampered trade in the past (For ex: Mango ban). But whatever the advantages accrue to other nations including India, it will be at the cost of Britain Economy which the Brits wouldn’t let it happen for long time.   Negatives from Brexit If it change the rules of doing business, Visa norms or of access to higher education, it will create new barriers for work visas or the visitation rights of relatives who have families here. Falling sterling value have chain effects (But nothing can be predicted exactly. And these are likely to be short term effects). Since India has sufficient forex reserves, it is in a good position to withstand any short term shocks. However some of the negative effects may include, weakening of rupee, increased fuel prices and gold prices etc – which are already showing up. It may also effect IT sector, Indian exporters in UK, Indian Companies listed in London stock exchange etc.   Does Brexit intensify the referendum for Delhi statehood? “After UK referendum, Delhi will soon have a referendum on full statehood." – A.Kejriwal Draft of the Full-Statehood Bill already in the public domain for suggestions. Important functions like policing and land are under the control of central govt. There are frequent clashes between CM and governor over the appointments. Delhi is one of the prosperous and educated regions and it is a sign of mature democracy that it allows its people to decide on contentious issues. India's own history of supporting a referendum in Sikkim in 1975 on the question of its inclusion in the Indian Union and abolishing the monarchy provides us with precedence and a model for allowing a referendum in Delhi. What is the message for India from Brexit?...... Sexit? Trade blocs make sense when the proportion of intra-union trade is significant – and rising. North America trades 63 percent within itself. The European Union’s intra-EU trading figure is 51 percent. ASEAN’s is 31 percent. The Economic Timesreports that intra-SAARC trade is all of 4.5 percent. SAARC is going nowhere, and this will continue as long as Pakistan is a member of the organisation. Currently, Pakistan plays the role of spoiler in SAARC, spiking any ideas for greater cooperation between India and other SAARC members. Since there is no chance of a Pexit – a Pakistani exit from SAARC – India should encourage a Sexit. SAARC needs to exit from the scene. It can be replaced by bilateral free trade agreements – exactly what Britain will do after Brexit. However, even though SAARC is redundant, India should avoid opting out of it entirely. Staying in is important to keep China out. But we should let SAARC wither on the vine. Sexit should happen in spirit, not literally. Connecting the dots What are the possible consequences of BREXIT on India? Analyse. “Creation of supra national trade bodies cannot work when the political and economic interests of member countries are in conflict.” Comment.   NATIONAL TOPIC General Studies 2- Governance Issues General Studies 3- Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation   Coastal Zone Management Coastal zones are defined by the extent of territorial waters up to the high water mark. Generally the world’s coastal zones are long narrow features of mainland, islands and seas, generally forming the outer boundary of the coastal domain (from 200m above sea level to 200 m below sea level) Coastal zones include the entire continental shelf and occupy about 18% of the surface of the globe, supplying about 90% of global fish catch and accounts for some 25% of global primary productivity while at the same time being some of the most endangered regions on the planet. India’s coastal zone is endowed with abundant coastal and marine ecosystems that include a wide range of mangroves, coral reefs, sea grasses, salt marshes, mud flats, estuaries, lagoons, and unique marine and coastal flora and fauna (Eg: The Sundarbans – shared between India and Bangladesh – are the largest contiguous mangroves in the world) Integrated Coastal Zone Management Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) is an interdisciplinary and inter-sectoral approach to problem definition and solutions in the coastal zone and includes a range of initiatives that promote environmentally sustainable development of coastal areas. It is a process of governance that consists of the legal and institutional framework necessary to ensure that development and management plans for coastal zones are integrated with environmental and social goals, and are developed with the participation of those affected. Purpose of Coastal Zone Management Maximize the benefits provided by the coastal zone Minimize conflicts and harmful effects of activities upon each other, resources and the environment (oil spill contingency planning, and navigational risk assessment) Promote linkages between sectoral activities (pollution and erosion control, aquaculture, tourism and recreation) Guide coastal area development in an ecologically sustainable fashion (community based management of coastal resources) Integrated planning ensures the following important outcomes in coastal zone management: Help avoid any activity that can threaten Ensures that adequate preventive measures are taken Lessens the negative consequences of economic development Supports initiatives that meet the chosen policy of coastal zone resource use Challenges to ICZM Failure to appreciate the interconnections within coastal systems Inadequate legislation and lack of enforcement Limited understanding and experience in ICZM Limited understanding of coastal and marine processes Lack of trained personnel, relevant technologies and equipment   Shailesh Nayak Committee— Review of the Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 2011 Need to demarcate precisely: There exists ambiguities in key baseline data, including the demarcation of high and low tide lines and the coastal zone boundary, which has affected the preparation of Coastal Zone Management Plans. Shift in Governance: Transferring control of development in the CRZ-II zone, the existing built-up area close to the shoreline, from the Environment Department to State Town Planning authorities, as proposed, would mark a radical shift in governance. Construction Activities: Proposed lightly regulated tourism in “no development zones”. Construction and other activities could be taken up in CRZ-III zones just 50 m from the high tide line in densely populated rural areas under State norms (with the responsibility to rescue and rehabilitate during natural calamities left to local authorities) could be based on an over-estimation of the capacity in such bodies. Pollution Control: The plan should be to identify specific areas for such activity, assess its environmental impact, demarcate the area under the State’s management plans, and fix responsibility for enforcement, particularly for pollution control. Make it participatory: Involving the local communities in the betterment of these areas have yet not been achieved and incorporating a community-based approach should be made a priority IASbaba’s Views: Despite the ecological richness and contribution to the national economy, India’s coastal and marine areas have not received adequate protection and are under stress and are reeling under rapid depletion and degradation, which unless arrested, will impact the livelihood, health and well-being of the coastal population, affecting in turn prospects for India’s sustained economic growth India needs to make sure that the coastal communities are equipped to better address continued economic development of the coastal zone while accounting for natural resource management. This will ensure the health and stability of the coast, both environmentally and economically, into the long-term future (marking the test of sustainability)   Connecting the Dots: Write a note on structure, functioning and performance of Coastal Zone Management Authorities (CZMAs). The security ecosystem for the coastal waters requires for multi-pronged approach that clubs preparedness to secure the coastline not only from tactical aggression by enemies but also from natural disasters and marine pollution. Discuss.   MUST READ The rise of demotic democracy in Europe Livemint   Lessons to be learnt from Brexit Livemint   Reality check on India-U.S. ties Hindu Related Articles: The Obama Doctrine India- US relationship- a Strategic Imperative A New Indo-US partnership model   The writing on the great wall Hindu Related Articles: India to become 35th member of MTCR Nuclear power: Fast forwarding to thorium Nuclear Security Summit   Shrinking spaces at the nuclear high table Hindu   Banking on future Indian Express   Breaking new frontiers Business Line   For a nuanced policy on bad debts Business Line Related Articles: The problem of debt concentration  

Jun 27, 2016 60 Days Plan 2019 - Daily Prelims Test

IASbaba '60 Day Plan- Prelims Test 2016 POLITY & CURRENT AFFAIRS [DAY 37]

Click here to get all the Tests– Archives Hello Friends Hope you are enjoying Daily questions. The link for Day 36 solution is active now.  Why we asked you to comment? Now go back to check your answers that you posted with honest effort. Edit your answers with marks. Everyday like this you can self monitor your progress for all 60 days. Accountability to self is the only way for success IASbaba '60 Day Plan' - Prelims Test 2016 [Day 37] Q.1) The Centre is empowered to give directions to the states with regard to the exercise of their executive power in which of the following matters? Communication Railways Linguistic minority groups Welfare of the Scheduled Tribes Select the correct answer using the code given below: a) 2, 3 and 4 b) 1, 2 and 3 c) 1 and 2 d) All of the above Q.2) The Constitution of India makes which of the following provisions with regard to inter-state comity? Adjudication of inter-state water disputes Establishment of zonal councils Mutual recognition of public acts, records and judicial proceedings Freedom of inter-state trade, commerce and intercourse Select the correct answer using the code given below: a) 1 and 2 only b) 1, 3 and 4 only c) 1, 2 and 3 only d) All of the above Q.3) Which of the following trends in the working of Indian political system reflects its federal spirit? a) Disputes between states over sharing of river water b) The emergence of regional parties and their coming to power in states c) Both (a) and (b) d) None of the above Q.4) Consider the following statements: The Indian federal system is based on the ‘Canadian model’ and not on the ‘American model’ The Indian federation resembles the Candian federation in its formation, its preference to the term ‘Union’ and its centralising tendency Which of the statements given above is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2  Q.5) Which of the following statements is/are correct with regard to the provisions of scheduled and tribal areas of India? The Governor is empowered to direct that an act of Parliament does not apply to a scheduled area, i.e, states belonging to Schedule V The President may likewise direct that an act of Parliament does not apply to a tribal area (autonomours district), i.e, states belonging to Schedule VI Select the correct answer using the code given below: a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Q.6) Consider the following statements: In case of a conflict between the Central law and the state law on a subject enumerated in the Concurrent List, the Central law prevails over the state law If the state law has been reserved for the consideration of the president and has received his assent, then the state law prevails in that state It means, only in the above case [statement (2)], Parliament cannot override over the state law Which of the statements given above is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 1 and 2 only c) All of the above d) None of the above Q.7) The Indian Constitution is unitary in spirit because a) Parliament can make laws for the states under some circumstances b) All India Services are provided for c) Only the Union Parliament has the power to propose amendment in the Constitution d) All of the above are true Q.8) Which of the following statements is/are correct with regard to the Federal System of India? Constitution of India provides for a federal system of government in the country Constitution of India establishes a dual polity consisting the Union at the Centre and the states at the periphery Select the correct answer using the code given below: a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Q.9) Consider the following statements: Any legislation passed by the State Legislature for acquisition of private property for public purposes will not become a law unless it has the assent of the President The legislature of a state can impose reasonable restrictions on the freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse with that state or within that state in public interest. But, a bill for this purpose can be introduced in the legislature only with the previous sanction of the president. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Q.10) The objectives (or the functions) of the zonal councils does not include which of the following: a) To help in arresting the growth of acute state-consciousness, regionalism, linguism and particularistic trends b) To help in removing the after-effects of separation in some cases so that the process of reorganisation, integration and economic advancement may synchronise c) To secure some kind of political equilibrium between different regions of the country d) None of the above Q.11) The most productive sources of revenue in every federation are with the centre while the most expensive heads of expenditure are with the states. This makes states financially dependent on the center. Which of the following statements are correct about Financial relations of Center and state? In the matter of taxation, the constitution recognizes no concurrent jurisdiction. Hence there is no subject who may be taxed both by the union and the state governments. The share of states in tax revenue is decided by the NITI ayog. The residuary power of taxation belongs to the centre. Select the code from below: a) 1 and 2 b) 2 and 3 c) 1 and 3 d) None of the above Q.12) Consider the following statements regarding Finance Commission: Finance Commission is a statutory body made by Finance Commission Act 1948. Finance Commission decides the subjects on which Center and States can levy taxes respectively. It determines the principles of governing the Grants in Aid to states. Formation of NITI aayog has made Finance Commission redundant. Which of the above statements are incorrect? a) 1 only b) 1 and 4 only c) 1, 2 and 4 only d) 2, 3 and 4 only  Q.13) According to Article 360 of the Constitution, President can declare a Financial Emergency. Consider the following statements regarding Financial Emergency: The President can reduce the salaries of all government officials, excluding judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts. Fundamental Rights are suspended. After the Money bills are passed by the Legislature of the State, they are reserved for the final approval of the President. Which of the above statements are incorrect? a) 1 and 2 b) 2 and 3 c) 2 only d) All of the above Q.14) Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code has been passed by the Government. Which of the following are correct about the Insolvency Resolution Process: The resolution process may be initiated by the debtor or creditors upon a default in repayment. The process will have to be completed within 360 days. During the process, the creditors will decide to either restructure the company’s debt, or sell its assets to recover their outstanding dues. The proceeds from sale will be distributed in an order of Priority. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1,2 and 3 b) 2,3 and 4 c) 1,3 and 4 d) All of the above Q.15) The Ministry of Women and Child Development released the draft Trafficking of persons (Prevention, Protection and Rehabilitation) Bill, 2016. Which of the following are the features of the draft bill? Anti-trafficking bodies will be constituted at the district level only. The District Anti-Trafficking body will be headed by a District Magistrate or District Collector and will consists of five members. A special Agency will be constituted for investigation of offences. A Session’s Court in each district will be specified as a Special Court. Select the code from the following: a) 1 and 2 b) 2 and 3 c) 1 and 3 d) All of the above Q.16) In which of the following cases, The Parliament can make a law on a subject in the State List? A proclamation of emergency is in force. Two or more states make a request to the Parliament to make a law on a subject. Rajya Sabha passes a resolution that such subjects have acquired national importance Select the code from the following: a) 1 only b) 1 and 2 c) 1 and 3 d) 1,2 and 3 Q.17) Consider the following statements: Education was initially a subject under State list but later it was brought under Central List. To bring a subject from State list to Concurrent List a Constitutional Amendment is required.  Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Q.18) Consider the following statements regarding the Special Category Status awarded to states in India: The Special Status to a state is Awarded by National Development Council (NDC). Economic and infrastructural backwardness of a state is the only criterion to award the special status. Recently Telangana got the Special State status. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 and 3 c) 1 and 3 d) All of the above Q.19) If the states fail to comply with the directives of the Central Government, which of the following actions can be taken by the President? He can send Paramilitary forces to state to assert compliance. He can order fresh elections in state. He can declare State emergency and assume the responsibility for the governance of the state. He can dissolve the Legislature and ask Governor to assume the responsibility of the Governance of the state. Select the code from following: a) 1,2 and 3 b) 2,3 and 4 c) 3 only d) 1,2 and 4 Q.20) Which of the following statement/s is/are correct regarding Constitutional Amendment bill. Prior permission of President is required before introducing the constitutional amendment bill in parliament. President must give his assent to the bill if duly passed by both houses. Select the code from the following: a) 1 only. b) 2 only. c) Both d) None Q.21) Consider the following Muga Eri Mulberry Tasar Arrange the above varieties of silk in increasing order of their production a) 3241 b) 3412 c) 2413 d) 2143 Q.22) Shalimer Garden was created by which of the following Mughal ruler a) Akbar b) Humayun c) Shah Jahan d) Jehangir Q.23) The article which deals with abolition and creation of legislative council in states is a) Article 171 b) Article 169 c) Article 175 d) Article 182 Q.24) Recently government of India announced setting up of Asia’s first rice technology park. The proposed park is based on a) Amaravati – Andhra Pradesh b) Gangavathi – Karnataka c) Nellore – Andhra Pradesh d) Ludhiana – Punjab Q.25) The restoration of Noyyal River was in news recently. Noyyal River is found in which of the following state a) Kerala b) Assam c) West Bengal d) Tamil Nadu Download the Solution- Click here P.S- Attempt these questions within 20 minutes with full honesty and write your results in the comment box. Next day, come back and check your result. You can also discuss the important concepts and issues, in case of doubts (among peers) All the best IASbaba

Jun 27, 2016 RSTV Video

The Big Picture - Britain votes to exit EU: Implications?

ArchivesBritain Votes to Exit EU: Implications?In an unexpected result and unprecedented event, UK has voted with 52-48% majority to leave European Union. The result of historic referendum was received with jubilation as well as deep disappointment. The British Pound and stock market collapsed steeply. Other currencies and stock markets have also become volatile.BackgroundBrexit= Britain’s Exit from the trading and political block, the European Union (EU)The referendum was a part of British PM’s election campaign which was called upon to legitimise the acceptance of institution by its population. The population feared that EU was making infringement on Britain’s sovereignty and national interests on issues such as trade, immigration, labour regulation and social security.Remain or LeaveThe British population was put to vote to decide if they wanted to ‘Remain’ or ‘Leave’ the EU.The result of the referendum went in favour of Brexit with 52-48% majority to leave European Union. On dissection of the votes, t was found that Scotland, Northern Ireland and London had voted ‘remain’ whereas England and Wales voted ‘Leave’. Also, senior citizens were ‘pro-leave’ to avail social security facilities whereas younger generations wanted to ‘remain’ as it opened up job and career opportunities pan-EU. Brexit has divided society, political parties, working class and families in UK. As a leading newspaper objectively put “Great Britain looks today like Little England”.What prompted Brexit? The elite British were benefiting the most from the EU whereas the working class, peasants, low and middle class were dissatisfied with Britain’s efforts to protect their interests. The good economic performance of Britain had not percolated to all sections of society. Also, people felt that Britain being largest contributor to EU, its wealth was being distributed to others without fulfilling their needs. Xenophobia, anti-immigrant attitude fuelled the leave. Eastern Europe addition- till 2004, UK had no problem with EU citizens as they had same income as other members. However, incorporation of eastern Europe which is comparatively poorer saw huge influx of one and a half million workers from Romania, Bulgaria, Poland in England. In addition, the financial crisis of 2007-08 increased unemployment. Migrants were willing to take low paying jobs which further ballooned unemployment. Thus, Migration was the main reason of referendum result. EU had free labour mobility and Britain being a country of migrants, witnessed more job chances to migrants who were productive as well as provided low-cost labour. Thus, citizens were threatened by insecure future Perceived threat to culture- citizens felt that workers from eastern Europe who did not speak their language, nor played their sport neither had their culture were threatening the British values and identity.Economic impact The Brexit has triggered confusion amongst business and investor sentiments. A top rating company has put UK at risk of credit downgrade due to wider anticipated economic instability. Asian economies may be favoured over UK for low cost of production. However, Brexit is expected to trigger global economic ramifications. Shrinking of British market- UK has 6 million population whereas EU market was of 582 million Increased funds for infrastructure- EU and UK being different, separate infrastructure will be required. High labour cost- The immigrants population will drastically reduce which will increase labour cost No Schengen visa- EU population will have to take visa for UK. Tumultuous short term future- Negotiations and re-negotiations are likely to damage growth, affect pound sterling and see less investmentsPolitical Impact British PM who voted ‘Remain’ will quit. Either the Conservative party may choose another leader or General Elections may be conducted again Scotland may go for second referendum to gain independence and remain a part of EU UKIP- the anti-immigrant party of UK shall gain foothold in political establishment but it is yet gain majority in Parliament In both labour and Conservative party, the rank and file did not support EU (as per reports) Other EU countries may ask for referendumPolitical lesson- Governments are accountable to their population. Previous leaders made promises of critical issues being put to vote but they never did. Treaties like Maastricht treaty, Treaty of Rome, Treaty of Lisbon are example. So, masses were never asked if it was acceptable to them.Impact on India Direct impact on currency as it will weaken against dollar Indian-based companies and investments in UK will suffer direct negative impact. Gateway to Europe being closed, huge trade costs to be occurred in dealing with EU separately. Lower commodity prices, crude oil prices may help narrowing CAD More investments done in safe options like gold. This has increased cash outflow and surged prices of gold Decrease in FIIs Not much impact on pharma industry as US is the bigger marketHowever, India is not expected to be too much impacted due to its deep foreign exchange reserves, a high growth rate, somewhat restrained inflation, a not significant current account deficit and fiscal discipline maintenance.It is too early to comment on all economic, cultural, political bearings and thus, all the anticipations shall be evaluated in due course of time with political and economic developments in coming days.ConclusionWith such wafer thin majority and divided interests, there are many future possibilities which include second referendum, not abiding by the referendum etc.  Scotland wants to remain in EU, and thus, there are high chances of it conducting another referendum for Scottish independence. The future of UK in itself has come into question. Other EU countries were interested in moving out like Greece. EU will have to toil hard to keep the trading and political union intact post Brexit.Key words:Labour party ideals- Government plays bigger role in life of people, reducing income inequality gap, more taxes to be paid for public good and public services, communities to promote respect for all and by all. (Left winged)Conservative party ideal- Less government interference, more freedom to people and businesses, solve the issues of income inequality themselves, less taxation, upholding traditional culture. (free market tilt)UK Independence party- A right winged populist party of UK which played a crucial role in Brexit by highlighting immigration issues.Refer:India-EU relationshipEU referendum: the big questions for Britain (A detailed explanation)Important Brexit articles from different dailiesIndia and BrexitUK-EU deal

Jun 27, 2016 Motivational Articles

Creative Guidance – Being You – Inspirational & Educative Articles

Being You In a world that is constantly changing, where everything around is becoming standardized and structured, where the best expectation from a person is to fit into the system that is already been laid out by others; Being you is the most difficult of things to do. It is so easy to be lost in the ebb and flow of life and forget all about yourself. You are not just a mechanical body; you have a spirit that longs for something more than what the world can ever offer. You have a purpose and finding it is probably the most important mission of your life. Your true purpose and calling goes beyond all social, economic and environmental conditionings; it goes beyond what others want from you; it goes beyond pleasing and satisfying people around you; it goes beyond the daily routine of work and living. What you are meant to be; the space where you are the best possible you, is already a reality within you, just waiting to be realized. You already know what makes you happy, what gives you immense joy, what puts you in a state of creativity and celebration; you only have to muster enough courage to move beyond your environmental conditionings to see this beautiful side of you. You are a visitor to this space and time; just like all other magnificent things of existence, you are an expression of life. There is no respite till you find your true calling and dedicate your soul and spirit to the cause of fulfilling that purpose. You are meant to be something and there is no escaping that. The quest for knowing yourself begins first by being absolutely honest with yourself. More importantly you have to separate the needs of your body from the needs of your spirit. Everything you do in the world to earn a living, to gain respect from people, to work towards creating a safe and secure environment for yourself, are all the needs of your body. Needs of your spirit are not linear and logical. It is not a process of going from A to B. The calling of your spirit comes in sudden bursts of excitement and insight; it comes when you are least expecting it. Suddenly there is an impulse to be something, to do something; your whole being longs to be in that zone. If you are absolutely honest with yourself, you can very clearly identify those moments as your true calling. Pursue your worldly goals, for that is how people identify you; but also pursue your true calling, for that is the only way you can identify yourself. At the end of the arduous journey of life the only thing that matters is whether you have identified yourself; the only thing worth knowing is who you are. Find your true calling, and then life becomes a pure celebration. “The articles are a copyright of The Ahamo Movement and IASBABA.” Read more such articles– Click Here

Jun 27, 2016 AIR

All India Radio - Office of Profit Issue and AAP Government in Delhi

ARCHIVES Office of Profit Issue and AAP Government in Delhi The President rejected Delhi government’s amendment bill of Delhi Members of Legislative Assembly (Removal of Disqualification) Act, 1997, which exempted the Parliament Secretaries from disqualification on grounds of holding Office of Profit. It is serious development as far as Delhi government is concerned as the disqualification of MLAs will invite fresh elections which shall act as a barometer of the Delhi Government’s governance. Background: The bill has been on table for past one year. Non-assent by President has put future of 21 MLAs at stake as they face prospect of disqualification. The Constitution and legal position has clearly stated that ‘these parliamentary secretaries are occupants of Offices of profit under government.’ Art 191 and 192 of Constitution of India and the NCT Act: They are very categorical about any MLA holding Office of Profit being subject to disqualification. Delhi Assembly passing bill to remove disqualification on grounds of Office of Profit may prove that they tacitly accept them as Office of Profit. For being Office of Profit by definition, absence of pecuniary benefit or financial profit to the office incumbent is not sufficient. The influence of positon wherein one can influence governmental decision, where there is executive power also adds up to occupying Office of Profit even if there is no salary, accommodation or other positional benefits. However, before disqualification of such MLAs, the opinion of the Election Commission is to be sought by President. The SC cannot interfere in President’s decision as it is under his executive power under Constitution of India. However, the decision of Election Commission can be challenged in court by the aggrieved party. There is popular notion that Office of Profit necessarily involves perks and other emoluments. It was established in Jaya Bacchan case that even if one doesn’t draw salary or perks of position, it will be considered as Office of Profit. Another incident is President Abdul Kalam’s assent to amend Parliament (Prevention of Disqualification) Act, 1959, popularly known as the Office of Profit bill with retrospective effect. The Act exempted 56 posts from the purview of the bill, giving a reprieve to MPs who could have otherwise faced disqualification. The Parliament has power to enforce such decision. Genesis of Office of Profit: It is not just Office of Profit, but Office of Profit under the government. It includes The members who don’t hold any office of profit Others who are specifically exempted, like the Ministers, from disqualification. The argument that other states like Haryana, Nagaland, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Pondicherry and West Bengal have Parliamentary Secretaries and gives Delhi government right to have too is not applicable on grounds that These states passed specific laws before such appointments. This gives the validity of law to the position of Parliamentary Secretaries. (However, courts have also disqualified such appointments in past) Delhi government tried to retrospectively pass the law (similar to Parliament’s power) to exempt incumbents from disqualification. Constitution Review Commission, 2000 had recommended the limit on number of ministers to 10% of lower house which was modified to 15% of lower house and accepted by passing 91st Constitution Amendment Act. However, the state governments still appoint MLAs to autonomous bodies, corporations which do not have any cap on them, despite Commission’s recommendation of 2% of members of lower house. The jumbo sized cabinet and inflated council of ministers to appease coalition has had put heavy pressure on public exchequer. Increasing the size of ministry is not guarantee to better governance. Overstaffing hampers the principles of good governance like transparency, accountability etc. Keys: Office of Profit: The concept was evolved in England- to preserve independence of legislature by keeping members away from temptations of executive (enforces feature of separation of power between legislature, executive and judiciary). The expression "office of profit" has not been defined in the Constitution or in the Representation of the People Act, 1951. It is for the courts to explain the significance and meaning of this concept. Over the years, courts have decided this issue in the context of specific factual situations. Art 102 of Constitution of India disqualifies MPs from holding Office of Profit under government. Fixed number of ministers of Delhi: As per article 239AA of Indian Constitution, number of Council of Ministers cannot exceed ten percent of Delhi assembly seats. Therefore, there can be a maximum of 7 Ministers (10% of 70 Delhi assembly seats) Refer: Appointing MLAs as parliamentary secretaries weakening the watchdog?  Office of profit and disqualification Search 14th June 

Jun 25, 2016 60 Days Plan 2019 - Daily Prelims Test

IASbaba ’60 Day Plan- Prelims Test 2016 ENVIRONMENT & CURRENT AFFAIRS [DAY 36]

Click here to get all the Tests– Archives Hello Friends Hope you are enjoying Daily questions. The link for Day 35 solution is active now.  Why we asked you to comment? Now go back to check your answers that you posted with honest effort. Edit your answers with marks. Everyday like this you can self monitor your progress for all 60 days. Accountability to self is the only way for success IASbaba '60 Day Plan' - Prelims Test 2016 [Day 36] Q.1) Consider the following Sikkim Assam Arunachal Pradesh Manipur Arrange N-E States as per the percentage of ‘Total Wetland Area’ in decreasing order a) 2-3-4-1 b) 1-2-3-4 c) 1-3-2-4 d) 3-4-2-1  Q.2) Global Environmental Facility (GEF) grants are available under five focal areas. Identify the areas Soil Degradation International Waters Climate Change Energy Land Degradation Chemicals and Waste Biodiversity Select the correct code a) 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 b) 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 c) 1, 3, 5, 6 and 7 d) 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7 Q.3) Consider the following about Classical Smog It occurs in hot humid climate It is a mixture of smoke, fog, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide It is also called as Oxidizing Smog Select the correct codes a) 1, 2 and 3 b) 2 and 3 c) 1 and 3 d) None Q.4) Consider the following statements A Swamp is a Wetland that is forested Myristica swamps are tropical fresh water swamp forests found in Kerala and Karnataka Swamps serve vital roles in flood protection and nutrient removal Select the correct code a) 1 and 2 b) 2 and 3 c) 1 and 3 d) 1, 2 and 3 Q.5) ‘Thermal pollution is the dumping of heat into ecological systems like rivers, lakes, ponds, ocean etc. which degrades the water quality’. Consider the following statements regarding the same. It will decrease the metabolic activities of aquatic animals Reproduction among aquatic animals will increase. Bacterial activity will be limited in the water system High temperature will increase the dispersion of oxygen into deeper waters thus leading to aerobic condition. Select the incorrect statement/s a) 1, 2, 3, 4 b) 2 and 3 c) 3 and 4 d) None Q.6) Consider the following regarding ‘UN Man and Biosphere Programme (MAB)’ This is a part of UNESCO’s preservation of cultural heritage efforts They form a part of Global Network under UN Biosphere World Network Madrid Action Plan is associated with MAB Select the correct code a) 1 and 2 b) 2 and 3 c) 1 and 3 d) All Q.7) Consider the following statements regarding ‘Kyoto Protocol and Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)’ Kyoto Protocol is a legal but non-enforceable protocol CDM is one of the flexible mechanisms defined in Kyoto Protocol One crucial pre-condition of CDM is that the new projects should be in addition to those which were already planned, so as to promote genuine new projects only which aim at reducing emission. This is known as additionality clause. Select the correct code a) 1 and 2 b) 2 and 3 c) 1 and 3 d) All Q.8) Consider the following w.r.t the achievements of ‘National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency’ Implementation of the Compact Fluorescent Lamp Programme. Green technologies – Fiscal support, innovation, easier financing for green technologies. Encouraging super critical thermal plants Development in technology for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Select the correct code a) 1, 2 and 3 b) 2, 3 and 4 c) 1, 2 and 4 d) All Q.9) Consider the following Uzbekistan Turkmenistan Kazakhstan Which of the above countries are bordering Aral Sea? a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) All Q.10) Consider the following Lake Baikal Lake Rukwa Lake Balkhash Which of the above lakes are found in Asia? a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) All  Q.11) Consider the following Brown field projects Greenfield projects Stalled projects Which of the above kind of projects is/are not covered under National Investment and Infrastructure Fund? a) All b) 1 only c) 2 and 3 only d) 1 and 3 only Q.12) Consider the following with respect to ‘Vidyanjali’ scheme The scheme is being implemented under the overall aegis of the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan The programme has been envisaged to bring together people willing to volunteer their services at schools which really need them It is implemented by Ministry of Home affairs Select the correct statements a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) All Q.13) Consider the following statements Food produced from organic farming has high nutritional values Organic farming promotes the use of crop rotations and cover crops Use of pesticides are strictly prohibited under Organic farming Select the incorrect code a) 1 and 2 b) Only 1 c) 1 and 3 d) Only 3 Q.14) Consider the following statements: Clean Energy Cess is a kind of Carbon tax levied in India as a duty of excise on coal, Lignite and peat. In Budget of 2016-17, the Cess has been increased to Rs 100 per tonne on coal production. The ‘Clean Energy Cess’ has been renamed as ‘Swatch Bharat Cess’. Which of the above statements are incorrect? a) 1 only b) 2 and 3 c) 1 and 2 d) None of the above Q.15) Which of the following statements are correct about a ‘Community’ in terms of levels of organization in ecology? A community is the name given to a group of organisms of a single species. Communities in most instances are named after dominant plant species. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Q.16) Nitrogen gas forms 78% of the earth’s environment. Which of the following statements are correct about atmospheric Nitrogen? It creates an inert environment in atmosphere. If Nitrogen is not present, Oxygen would react violently and oxidize(burn) carbon and other elements. Nitrogen adds mass to air and helps in maintaining atmospheric pressure. Nitrogen is taken up by humans through respiration from the atmosphere which helps in building of amino acids and proteins. Some plants have the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen with the help of bacteria. Select the code from below: a) 1,2 and 3 b) 2,3 and 4 c) 1,2 and 4 d) All of the above Q.17) Consider the following statements: Phagocytosis, process by which certain living cells called phagocytes ingest or engulf other cells or particles. The phagocyte may be a free-living one-celled organism, such as an amoeba, or one of the body cells, such as a white blood cell. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Q.18) Which of the following statements are correct about the ‘Niche’ of the species? A niche is a unique functional role or place of a specie in an ecosystem. It is a description of all the biological, physical and chemical factors that specie needs to survive, reproduce and stay healthy. Two or more species can have exact identical niches. Select the code from below: a) 1 and 2 b) 2 and 3 c) 1 and 3 d) All of the above Q.19) Which of the following statements are incorrect about ecotones? It is a transition zone between two ecosystems with characteristics of adjacent ecosystems. Well-developed ecotones can have entirely different species from that of adjoining communities. Sometimes the number of species and the population density of some of the species is much less in this zone than either community. This is called the edge effect. Select the code from following: a) 1 and 2 b) 3 only c) 2 and 3 d) None of the above Q.20) Consider the following statements: Aquatic ecosystems are not called Biomes. Lotic water systems are fresh water ecosystems with stagnant water like pools, ponds, lakes etc. Lentic water bodies are fresh water ecosystems with moving water like streams, rivers, waterfalls etc. Which of the above statements are incorrect? a) 1 and 2 b) 2 and 3 c) 1 only d) None of the above Q.21) Consider the following statements regarding estuaries: Estuaries are located at the river mouth, where river meets the sea. Estuary has very little wave action. So it provides a calm refuge to sea and also shelter to many aquatic organisms. It is the most productive region as it receives nutrients both from the rivers and the sea. Predators are absent in estuaries. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1,2 and 3 b) 2,3 and 4 c) 1,3 and 4 d) All of the above Q.22) Bioremediation is the use of microorganisms to degrade the environmental contaminants into less harmful forms. Consider the following about In-Situ Bioremediation: Bioventing: Supplying air through well into contaminated soil to stimulate the growth of indigenous bacteria. It is used for simple hydrocarbons and can be used when contamination is deep under surface. Biosparging: injection of air under pressure below the water table to increase the ground water oxygen concentration and enhance the rate of biological degradation of contaminants through indigenous bacteria. Bioaugmentation: microorganisms are imported to a contaminated site to enhance degradation. Which of the above terms are correctly defined? a) 1 and 2 b) 3 only c) 2 and 3 d) All of the above Q.23) Consider the following attributes of Mangroves It is a glycophypte It has aerial roots Buffer zone between land and sea West Bengal has the highest mangrove cover in India Select the correct code a) 1,2 and 3 b) 1,2 and 4 c) 2,3 and 4 d) 1,3 and 4 Q.24) What are the factors that affect the Rate of Decomposition? Social Activity or Environment Oxygen Level Moisture Level Soil pH Temperature Select the correct code a) 1, 2, 4 and 5 b) 1, 2, 3 and 5 c) 2, 3, 4 and 5 d) 1, 3, 4 and 5 Q.25) Which of the following terms defines ‘a transition between two biological communities? a) Ecotone b) Ecotope c) Ecological Backlash d) Ecoline Download the Solution- Click here P.S- Attempt these questions within 20 minutes with full honesty and write your results in the comment box. Next day, come back and check your result. You can also discuss the important concepts and issues, in case of doubts (among peers) All the best IASbaba

Jun 25, 2016 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 25th June, 2016

Archives   IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 25th June, 2016   NATIONAL   TOPIC: General studies 2: Governance Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance- applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures.   Post-legislative scrutiny - for better governance and better country The below article argues for developing a policy tool which can regulate and review the laws that are already enacted and implemented. In other words, there is an urgent need for Post-legislative scrutiny to improve the quality of laws.   Why there is a need for ‘Post-legislative scrutiny’? India, a country which has one of the highest numbers of laws on its statute books, however, its implementation record is distressingly poor. One of the reasons for the poor performance, aside from design issues, capacity constraints and corruption, is the near-complete absence of post legislative scrutiny or review of the laws. Post-legislative reviews can assess whether the objectives and the anticipated effects of legislation have actually taken place on the ground. Various governments have taken small steps in the direction of designing better laws such as making pre-legislative scrutiny of Bills mandatory through public feedback and identifying laws that need to be repealed but there is little discussion yet regarding the need for post-legislative review of laws.   What are the benefits of ex-post law reviews? To discover whether a law is working out in practice as it was intended To assess whether the objectives and the anticipated effects of a piece of legislation have actually taken place on the ground If not, to understand the reason and address it quickly and cost-effectively It also helps to identify any unintended effects that may have arisen from the legislation A key benefit would be the systematic collection of data that would be a pre-requisite of any evaluation of this kind. Therefore, regular post-legislative evaluations would translate into better laws. A crying need in India For instance, let us consider Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act India enacted the NDPS Act in 1985 to tackle the growing drug menace in the country. When the concerned ministry (MoSJE) was questioned recently on whether there has been a reduction in substance abuse related cases, the minister answered that there was “no authentic data” available with the ministry. This is a symptom of the malaise that has plagued India’s law enforcement. The NDPS Act was amended thrice—in 1989, 2001 and 2014. Each time, the initiative was taken by activists and lawyers. Their concerns were mostly based on anecdotal evidence and independent studies done by researchers and scholars. Furthermore, the legislators themselves were hampered in their understanding due to the lack of information about the effectiveness of the law. They tended to rely on harsh punishments to deter drug users and traffickers but produced no evidence to make their case. They also never questioned the government on what evidence the Act was being amended multiple times. Another example is the Right to Information Act RTI Act came into force in October 2005. Since its enactment, the government has made multiple attempts to curtail some of the powers of the Act on various grounds such as promoting efficiency and effectiveness In 2006 and 2009, the government tried to remove ‘file notings’ from the purview of the Act. Activists have staunchly resisted such attempts. However, the fact remains that there is no objective scrutiny of the effectiveness of the Act; so, both sides have depended on anecdotal tales to bolster their arguments.   Lessons from other countries In the 1990s, many European countries as well as the US, Australia and Canada developed “better regulation” policies, which included ex-ante and ex-post evaluation of legislation. The UK requires its laws to be reviewed within three to five years of enactment. These reviews are conducted by existing Departmental Select Committees on the basis of a memoranda provided by a government department. All Acts passed since 2005 are reviewed with a few exceptions such as budgets, very technical acts and trivial acts. In Germany, ex-post evaluation is systematic and based on a standardized methodology set out in guidelines for public administrators. France requires mandatory periodic evaluation of legislation, which is enshrined within the law itself. In the US, each standing committee, except Committee on Appropriation, is required to review and study, on a continuing basis, the application, administration, execution, and effectiveness of the laws dealing with the subject matter over which the committee has jurisdiction. In Australia, most laws have to be reviewed within two years and they expire after 10 years. In Canada, a most laws have review and sunset clauses.   The way ahead: There is an urgent need to develop a “better regulation” policy tool for India on the similar lines of above countries. The present government’s promise of delivering “good governance” could get a boost if it adopted post-legislative evaluation as a policy tool. The Law Commission or an expert committee could first decide, with inputs from government and non-government stakeholders, the scope of post-legislative scrutiny by defining its boundaries, the types of legislation that require scrutiny, benchmarks of a successful legislation, the procedure for scrutiny, the body that should undertake the scrutiny and the time-period of the scrutiny. India could then incorporate within its legislation, a provision for systematic review of the law. Connecting the dots: Apart from ex-ante evaluation of legislation, India needs a strong ex-post legislative scrutiny tool. Do you agree? Support your view with some examples. Developing a “better regulation” policy tool for India could lead to good governance. Substantiate.   ENVIRONMENT   TOPIC:   General Studies 2 Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment   A strained relationship: ULB’s & Water In years to come, water, is possibly to pose greatest challenge on account of its increased demand with population rise, economic development, and shrinking supplies due to over exploitation and pollution. In India, with development, the demand of water is increasing both in urban and rural areas. This may create increased tension and dispute between these areas for sharing and command of water resources. The emerging scarcity of water has also raised a host of issues related to sustainability of present kind of economic development, sustainable water supply, equity and social justice, water financing, pricing, governance and management of water.   Grief-struck ULBs: There is given zero autonomy to the ULBs to set prices to cover costs (State government decides). Politicians are reluctant to charge even when consumers are willing to pay, more especially if it leads to better delivery of good quality water. Journey of water needs to be fuelled by heavy investment— Collection from a natural source Treatment it to make it potable Putting in place a distribution network of pipes for delivery to the users Huge investments in sewerage infrastructure and sewage treatment plants so that the sewers can carry the wastewater (estimated to be 80 per cent of the water that is consumed) to these plants to ensure that no untreated sewage is discharged back into natural water bodies Recommendations unfulfilled: Poor should be subsidized with putting in place volumetric pricing (also recommended by the 2012 Water Policy & the Vaidyanathan Committee in 1992) with a low price for the first slab which covers what is regarded as a minimum need Water rates should cover O&M costs in the first instance, with capital charges (interest and depreciation) to be covered over a period of five years (Vaidyanathan Committee in 1992) Progressive pricing: Those consuming more should pay a progressively higher price per litre for the water they consume   A statutory regulatory authority Water pricing should be shifted away from the shadows of politics and be assigned to a statutory regulatory authority Task: Determining water tariff for cost recovery allowing for reasonable costs Hear all stakeholders and formulate a standard mechanism for pricing No alteration be allowed from government Government should be allowed to introduce a subsidy which can be paid directly to the targeted consumers after making necessary provision in the budget—making the pricing of water transparent, and help begin the transition to a system of public debate on the importance of cost recovery and scrutiny of cost elements. O&M Cost Recovery Case Study of Singapore for understanding the dynamics— Singapore started pricing water to cover O&M costs in the second half of the 1960s. Singapore has made the maximum progress in addressing their enormous water challenge through: Full cost recovery (including capital cost) Marginal cost pricing Investing in innovations to reclaim water for reuse (NEWater) Investing in Desalination They also introduced a progressive water conservation tax in 1991 In India— In India, the situation varies across and within states—Maharashtra (64 per cent), Andhra Pradesh (including Telangana— 52 per cent) and Gujarat (49 per cent) come across much better than other states in O&M cost recovery. In terms of cities: Mumbai is the only big city reporting 100 per cent cost recovery (lowest tariffs as its water cost and energy cost is relatively low) Bengaluru is next with cost recovery of 92 per cent Worst: Delhi, Indore and Bhopal The Curious Case of Non-revenue Water (NRW) NRW is the water which is produced but lost, and not paid for Working group on urban and industrial water supply and sanitation for the 12th Plan estimated NRW in India at 40-50 per cent Loss: Leakages in pipes Theft Incomplete billing Metering inaccuracies Solution: Data Collection: the methodology for NRW calculation needs to be streamlined Cities should be made to submit a water balance sheet (Nagpur) Towards a better governance— ULB’s need to Reduce costs through modernisation and technology Recover costs through user charges, while financing whatever subsidies are intended for the poor through cross-subsidisation Make it mandatory for the State to come up a water Balance Sheet and collect bills Formulate a working revenue model to initiate private financing to supplement public funds to lay out the infrastructure with the consent of all the stakeholders Promote decentralized initiatives in waste water treatment by providing incentives and a supporting policy environment and through capacity building of implementing institutions and stake holders Support implementation of pilots and projects which demonstrate how communities and local administration can partner to implement the interventions in ways that make the facilities more durable and sustainable in the long run Intensive capacity building programs, appropriate IEC materials, technical manuals and documentation, and sharing of best practices amongst facilitators are required urgently Connecting the Dots: The prevailing ‘adhocism’ in protecting, enhancing and conserving water needs to be done away with. Discuss the statement   Refer: The importance of Water Management Water Pricing Regime Managing India’s Freshwater     MUST READ BREXIT Articles in National Dailies Remains of the day Stepping into the unknown Why Brexit is a cautionary tale for us all Brexit is a revolt of a significant section of England against itself Hard work ahead Brexit’s impact on India: when elephants fight, the grass suffers Brexit casts dark shadow on world’s great move to openness Related Articles: EU referendum: the big questions for Britain Brexit – Mind Map Brexit & India-UK MIND MAPS   1. Caste Based Reservation

Jun 25, 2016 Important Articles

IASbaba's TRIBUTE TO ALL THE LADIES: Scripting History- Ladies, the time is right!

Scripting History: Ladies, the time is right!     History has been scripted as Indian Air Force inducts first batch of women pilots into its fighter squadron. It definitely is a moment to be celebrated; as these embody the spirit of the same women we meet daily in our lives, breaking barriers to etch their name permanently in a world filled with obstacles, primarily run by men. This post is dedicated to all our female aspirants who have chosen a path which is no small feat in itself. Even USPC explicitly ‘encourages female candidates to apply’ and so, we are here to let you know that the only thing that you need to reach at the top, is a will to shatter the reinforced glass ceiling. Isn’t there a sense of belonging and an ignited spark that you feel deep down in your heart—to pursue what you desire? Desire is a small word encompassing a big connotation ‘to satisfy one’s wants materially and mentally and yet, keep wanting for more’. While cultures do differ and aspirations are varied, there exists a certain similarity between the treatments being meted out to women in India as well as globally. Family pressure, social customs, gender bias, and a shortage of role models are just some of the impediments almost every women face, at one point in their career. Sometimes women have to prove themselves to a far greater extent than men do which has been acknowledged by a McKinsey report stating that men are promoted based on potential, while women are promoted based on past accomplishments. Additionally, if the barriers existing on the outside are not enough, women are hindered by barriers that exist within themselves. How difficult can it be— to motivate oneself and not be overshadowed by an internalized system of negative messages, or to raise hands and sit across the table with a solid expectation of being treated for who you are? Fear is at the root of so many barriers—fear of not being liked, fear of making the wrong choice, fear of drawing negative attention, fear of overreaching, fear of being judged, fear of failure, fear of not being a ‘proper’ woman full of love, care and warmth. No wonder, time and again you have faced and will encounter immortal-looking problems, ever-looming stress, fierce competition and time constraints in every walk of life. But, this should never bog you down. We each have to just trust our instincts and chart our own unique course; and come up with the definition of goals that fit our lives, values and dreams. A shift to a more equal world can never be possible without the practice of the ‘art of balancing’— as women should be empowered with her dreams at work, men should also be more empowered by being treated as an equal—and equally capable as a partner for life. Gentlemen, you are the promise for a more equal world— your support, understanding, acceptance of their dreams are an intrinsic part of the solution; fueling their wings with more energy to fly. So, gentlemen ‘sit at the table’ together…the kitchen table as well— this would create a leveled platform for both of you to hold hands and walk together. No one has it all. Economics prove so! But ladies, the aim here is to make you realize that you second none! Try and insist on making both intellectual and an emotional adjustment. Challenge the notion of the constant fear of failure. When you think that you are not capable of something, take a moment and remind yourself that it just a distortion, and not a reality. Faking one’s confidence can also work wonders (smile solidly for a full hour—you will start feeling cheerful). So fake it till you feel it ;-) Reach out for more opportunities; seize them darling. There is no perfect fit when you are looking for the next big thing to do. You have to take opportunities and make an opportunity fit for you. After all, the ability to learn is an endangered trait! Why You Need To Change and Show How Strong Your Shoulders Are?   Just doing things for the sake of it won’t stage you anywhere. You need to catch up with the changing world. World is moving so fast. Yes it is! Even without any wrong on your part, you will be sidelined for being redundant and silent. Your opponents are powerful but you need to learn to make it big. An apt example would be of NOKIA. They missed out on learning, they missed out on changing, and thus they lost the opportunity at hand to make it big. Not only did they miss the opportunity to earn big money, they lost their chance of survival. The message of this story is, if you don’t change, you shall be removed from the competition. It’s not wrong if you don’t want to learn new things. However, if your thoughts and mindset cannot catch up with time, you will be eliminated.  Do not worry about your future, just think how much more can you do?   To change and improve yourself is giving yourself a second chance. To be forced by others to change, is like being discarded.   Take a deep breath and always remember to keep your hands up. Let important men in your life sit at the table with you. Shut the nagging voice that tells you to keep pleasing everyone—you just can’t; because if you do, you aren’t making enough progress. Careers need not always be planned from the start—forge a new path and let the dead ends present a better chance of fulfillment. Ladders are cliché—who would want to keep staring at a butt, all the way to the top! :-P Shift from the traditional approach of “I’m not ready to do that” to thinking “I want to do that—I’ll learn by doing it.” Do not wait for power to be offered; you have the power, now go make good use of it. Don’t try being a ‘queen bee’ and champion for fellow women—the more we help others, the more we help ourselves. Ladies and gentlemen, it’s time to break the stereotypes and biases that cloud our beliefs and perpetuate the status quo—let us transcend them, together! Let those desires keep you breathing, ticking and kicking, Let us together raise both the floor and the ceiling!      IASbaba :)