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DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 29th February 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park Syllabus Prelims – Current event Context: Hyderabad Nizam’s personal petrol pump was found inside  KBR National Park Background:- The revelation sheds light on the park’s rich history.Previously under the possession of the Nizam of Hyderabad, the area was later acquired by the government under the Urban Land Ceiling Act. However, a portion of 2.40 hectares was permitted to be retained by the Nizam. About Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park:-   Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park is a national park located in Jubilee Hills and Banjara Hills in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. The park provides an excellent lung space and environment from the busy city life and rising pollution levels. Some of the animals making their home in the park include: pangolin, small Indian civet, peacock, jungle cat and porcupines. It was declared as a National park by the Andhra Pradesh state government after getting approval from the central government in the year 1998. Other national parks in Telangana state are Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park and Mrugavani National Park. Source: Wikipedia The Raman Effect Syllabus Prelims and Mains – Science Context: February 28th is celebrated as national science day Background: In 1986, the Government of India, under then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, designated February 28 as National Science Day to commemorate the announcement of the discovery of the “Raman Effect”. About Raman Effect While passing through the Mediterranean Sea, Raman was most fascinated by the sea’s deep blue colour. Dissatisfied with the then-accepted answer (“the colour of the sea was just a reflection of the colour of the sky”), his curious mind delved deeper. He soon found out that the colour of the sea was the result of the scattering of sunlight by the water molecules. Fascinated by the phenomenon of light-scattering, Raman and his collaborators in Calcutta began to conduct extensive scientific experiments on the matter – experiments that would eventually lead to his eponymous discovery. Simply put, the Raman Effect refers to the phenomenon in which when a stream of light passes through a liquid, a fraction of the light scattered by the liquid is of a different colour. This happens due to the change in the wavelength of light that occurs when a light beam is deflected by molecules. In general, when light interacts with an object, it can either be reflected, refracted or transmitted.One of the things that scientists look at when light is scattered is if the particle it interacts with is able to change its energy. The Raman Effect is when the change in the energy of the light is affected by the vibrations of the molecule or material under observation, leading to a change in its wavelength. In their first report to Nature, titled “A New Type of Secondary Radiation,” CV Raman and co-author KS Krishnan wrote that 60 different liquids had been studied, and all showed the same result – a tiny fraction of scattered light had a different colour than the incident light. “It is thus,” Raman said, “a phenomenon whose universal nature has to be recognised.” CV Raman’s discovery took the world by storm as it had deep implications far beyond Raman’s original intentions. As Raman himself remarked in his 1930 Nobel Prize speech, “The character of the scattered radiations enables us to obtain an insight into the ultimate structure of the scattering substance.” The discovery would also find its use in chemistry, giving birth to a new field known as Raman spectroscopy as a basic analytical tool to conduct nondestructive chemical analysis for both organic and inorganic compounds. With the invention of lasers and the capabilities to concentrate much stronger beams of light, the uses of Raman spectroscopy have only ballooned over time. Today, this method has a wide variety of applications, from studying art and other objects of cultural importance in a non-invasive fashion to finding drugs hidden inside luggage at customs. Source: Indian Express Seaweed Syllabus Prelims and Mains – Environment Context: Recently, the National Conference on the Promotion of Seaweed Cultivation was held in Koteshwar (Kori Creek), Kutch, Gujarat. Background: It’s a first national conference on seaweed cultivation which is an alternate for employment generation of seaweed products as it diversifies marine production and its opportunities for enhancing fish farmer income, reduces reliance on traditional fishing, and diversifies coastal communities’ livelihoods. What are Seaweeds? The Seaweeds are macroscopic, multicellular, marine algae. They come in a variety of coluors, including red, green, and brown. They are referred to as the ‘Medical Food of the 21st Century’. Seaweeds are found mostly in the intertidal region, in shallow and deep waters of the sea, and also in estuaries and backwaters. Large seaweeds form dense underwater forests known as kelp forests, which act as underwater nurseries for fish, snails, and sea urchins. India boasts approximately 844 reported seaweed species in its seas. Some specific species, such as Gelidiella acerosa, Gracilaria spp., Sargassum spp., Turbinaria spp., and Cystoseira trinodis are cultivated for the production of agar, alginates, and liquid seaweed fertilizer. Abundant seaweed resources are found along the Tamil Nadu and Gujarat coasts, as well as around Lakshadweep and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Notable seaweed beds exist around Mumbai, Ratnagiri, Goa, Karwar, Varkala, Vizhinjam, and Pulicat in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Chilka in Orissa. Significance: Seaweeds act as bio-indicator by absorbing excess nutrients and signalling marine chemical damage caused by waste from agriculture, industries, and households, often leading to algal blooming. They play a vital role in restoring ecosystem balance. Seaweed is a nutritional powerhouse, rich in vitamins, minerals, and dietary fibre. It is used in various food products, from sushi and salads to snacks and thickeners. Many seaweeds contain anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial agents. Seaweed is the best source of iodine. Seaweed extracts are used in a wide range of products, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and bioplastics. They offer sustainable alternatives to conventional options. Seaweed absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as it grows, making it a potential tool in the fight against climate change. Studies suggest cultivating and sinking seaweed could effectively store long-term carbon. Seaweed farming provides income and empowers coastal communities, particularly women and small-scale farmers. It requires minimal investment and offers relatively quick returns. Seaweeds are utilized for various purposes, including laxatives, pharmaceutical capsules, goiter treatment, cancer therapy, bone replacement, and cardiovascular surgeries. Government initiatives regarding Seaweed: Seaweed Mission aims to commercialize seaweed farming and processing for value addition. It also aims to increase cultivation along India’s7,500-kilometer coastline. TheIndian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) has successfully commercialized two seaweed-based nutraceutical products, CadalminTM Immunalgin extract (CadalminTM IMe) and CadalminTM Antihypercholesterolemic extract (CadalminTM ACe). These products, developed with eco-friendly ‘green’ technology, aim to boost anti-viral immunity and combat high cholesterol or dyslipidemia (imbalance of cholesterol). Multi-Purpose Seaweed Parkhas been established in Tamil Nadu. Source: PIB GENIE AI MODEL Syllabus Prelims : Current Event Context: Recently, Google DeepMind has introduced Genie, a new AI model Background: Genie is currently not available to the public and only exists as a research model for now. About GENIE AI MODEL The Foundation: Genie is a foundational world model trained on videos sourced from the Internet. Generative Capabilities: It can generate an endless variety of playable (action-controllable) worlds from synthetic images, photographs, and even sketches. Training: It is the first generative interactive environment that has been trained in an unsupervised manner from unlabelled internet videos. Functionality: These technical specifications let Genie act in generated environments on a frame-by-frame basis even in the absence of training, labels, or any other domain-specific requirements. Diversity: Genie can be prompted to generate a diverse set of interactive and controllable environments although it is trained on video-only data. Interactivity: It makes playable environments from a single image prompt. It can be prompted with images it has never seen. This includes real-world photographs, and sketches, allowing people to interact with their imagined virtual worlds. This revolutionary generative AI allows anyone, including children, to immerse themselves in generated worlds resembling human-designed environments. The standout aspect of Genie is its ability to learn and reproduce controls for in-game characters exclusively from internet videos. This is noteworthy because internet videos do not have labels about the action that is performed in the video, or even which part of the image should be controlled. Source: The Indian Express G-33 Syllabus Prelims and Mains – GS3 Context: Ahead of the 13th ministerial conference of World Trade Organization (WTO), a majority of the G-33 countries have called for a permanent solution to public stockholding for food security in a ministerial statement on agriculture trade negotiations. Background: The statement emphasized the crucial role of public stockholding in ensuring food and livelihood security, rural development, and support for low-income or resource-poor producers in developing countries, including least developed countries (LDCs) and net food-importing developing countries (NFIDCs). About G33 The G-33 is a coalition of developing nations within the World Trade Organization (WTO). It was established prior to the 2003 Cancun ministerial conference. India, being a dominant member of this group, was part of the G33 since its inception. The group coordinates during the Doha Round of World Trade Organization negotiations, specifically in regard to agriculture. The group includes countries like India, China, and Indonesia, totalling 47 nations. They advocate for flexibility in market opening for agriculture, focusing on special products that are crucial for their development. The primary purpose of the G-33 is to advocate for the interests of developing countries in World Trade Organization negotiations, particularly in relation to agriculture. The group focuses on: Special Products: They argue for flexibility in market opening for agricultural products that are crucial for their development. Public Stockholding: The G-33 calls for a permanent solution that allows them to maintain public stockholding programs for food security purposes. These programs play a crucial role in ensuring food security, livelihood security, rural development, and support for low-income or resource-poor producers in developing countries. Special Safeguard Mechanism (SSM): The group asserts the right of developing country Members to the SSM, an important instrument against major import surges or sudden price declines. Through these efforts, the G-33 aims to ensure that the interests of developing countries are adequately represented and protected in global trade negotiations. Source: Economic Times Previous Year Question Q1. Consider the following statements about G-20: The G-20 group was originally established as a platform for the Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors to discuss the international economic and financial issues. Digital public infrastructure is one of India’s G-20 priorities. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT TRUSTS (INVITS) Syllabus Prelims – Economy Context: The initial public offering (IPO) of Bharat Highways Infrastructure Investment Trusts (InvITs) was subscribed 22% on the first day of the bidding process. Background: The Bharat Highways InvIT is established with the goal of acquiring, managing, and investing in a diversified portfolio of infrastructure assets across India. About INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT TRUSTS (INVITS): InvITs function as collective investment schemes, akin to mutual funds. The primary purpose of InvITs is to pool funds from individual and institutional investors for direct investment in infrastructure projects. Investors receive a portion of the income generated by these projects as returns. The returns from InvITs come in the form of dividends, interest, and capital gains. Interest income from deposits in Infrastructure Investment Trusts (InvITs) is exempted from tax. However, it’s important to note that the dividends and capital gains received by investors are taxable. InvITs offer investors partial ownership in infrastructure projects. InvITs are regulated by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). Infrastructure Investment Trusts (InvITs) are recognized as borrowers under the ‘Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002’. This recognition allows InvITs to raise funds by issuing units to investors and invest in infrastructure projects. The Act provides a legal framework for the securitization and reconstruction of financial assets, ensuring transparency and investor protection. Any Infrastructure Development Company can take the role of the sponsor to form an InvIT. The sponsor establishes a trust, often in the form of a special purpose vehicle (SPV), to hold the infrastructure assets. The trust is managed by professionals, relieving investors of project management responsibilities. Source: Livemint Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.)With reference to Infrastructure Investment Trusts (InvITs), consider the following statements: InvITs aims to pool funds from individual and institutional investors for direct investment in infrastructure projects. The returns from InvITs come in the form of dividends, interest, and capital gains. Interest income from deposits in InvITs is exempted from tax. InvITs are regulated by the Reserve Bank of India. How many of the above statements are correct? Only one Only two Only three All four Q2.) Considering the following statements about G-33: The G-33 is a coalition of developing nations within the World Trade Organization (WTO). It was established prior to the 2003 Cancun ministerial conference. India was part of the G33 since its inception. How many of the above statements are not correct? Only one Only two All three None Q3.)Genie AI Model, recently seen in news is developed by Meta Google Microsoft Apple Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  29th February  2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs.st ANSWERS FOR  28th February – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – d Q.2) – b Q.3) – c

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 29th February 2024

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) – CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. To take the Test Click Here

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 28th February 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   Gaganyaan Syllabus Prelims – Current event Context: Gaganyaan astronaut designates received ‘astronaut wings’ from PM Modi Background:- Group Captain Prasanth Balakrishnan Nair, Group Captain Ajit Krishnan, Group Captain Angad Pratap and Wing Commander Shubhanshu Shukla – the four Indian Air Force (IAF) pilots are the ‘astronaut designates’ who have been undergoing training for India’s Gaganyaan mission, planned for 2025.Only three of them will eventually go to space as part of the Gaganyaan mission. About Gaganyaan:-   Gaganyaan project envisages demonstration of human spaceflight capability by launching crew of 3 members to an orbit of 400 km (low earth orbit) for a 3 days mission and bring them back safely to earth, by landing in Indian sea waters. The Gaganyaan Mission is India’s first human space flight programme India will become only the fourth country to send a human into space after the Soviet Union, the US and China. LVM3 rocket – The well proven and reliable heavy lift launcher of ISRO, is identified as the launch vehicle for Gaganyaan mission. It consists of solid stage, liquid stage and cryogenic stage. All systems in LVM3 launch vehicle are re-configured to meet human rating requirements and christened Human Rated LVM3. HLVM3 consists of Crew Escape System (CES) powered by a set of quick acting, high burn rate solid motors which ensures that Crew Module along with crew is taken to a safe distance in case of any emergency either at launch pad or during ascent phase. Orbital Module (OM) that will be Orbiting Earth comprises of Crew Module (CM) and Service Module (SM). CM is the habitable space with Earth like environment in space for the crew. Source: ISRO Previous Year Questions (PYQs) Q.1) With reference to India’s satellite launch  vehicles, consider the following statements (2018) PSLVs launch the satellites useful for Earth resources monitoring whereas GSLVs are designed mainly to launch communication satellites. Satellites launched by PSLV appear to remain permanently fixed in the same position in the sky, as viewed from a particular location on Earth. GSLV Mk III is a four-staged launch l vehicle with the first and third stages l using solid rocket motors; and the second and fourth stages using liquid rocket engines. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 and 3 1 and 2 3 only Lokpal Syllabus Prelims and Mains – Polity Context: President Murmu appoints ex-SC judge Justice AM Khanwilkar as Chairperson of Lokpal Background: The Lokpal and Lokayukta Act, 2013 provided for the establishment of Lokpal for the Union and Lokayukta for States.These institutions are statutory bodies without any constitutional status.The apex Institution was created to inquire and investigate complaints relating to allegation of corruption involving public functionaries and elected representatives. About Lokpal: The Lokpal is the first institution of its kind in independent India,established under the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act 2013 to inquire and investigate into allegations of corruption against public functionaries who fall within the scope and ambit of the above Act. The Lokpal has jurisdiction to inquire into allegations of corruption against anyone who is or has been Prime Minister, or a Minister in the Union government, or a Member of Parliament, as well as officials of the Union Government under Groups A, B, C and D. Also covered are chairpersons members, officers and directors of any board, corporation, society, trust or autonomous body either established by an Act of Parliament or wholly or partly funded by the Union or State government. It also covers any society or trust or body that receives foreign contribution above ₹10 lakh (approx. US$ 14,300/- as of 2019). A complaint under the Lokpal Act should be in the prescribed form and must pertain to an offence under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 against a public servant. There is no restriction on who can make such a complaint. When a complaint is received, the Lokpal may order a preliminary inquiry by its Inquiry Wing or any other agency, or refer it for investigation by any agency, including the CBI, if there is a prima facie case. The Inquiry Wing or any other agency will have to complete its preliminary inquiry and submit a report to the Lokpal within 60 days. A Lokpal Bench shall consider the preliminary inquiry report, and after giving an opportunity to the public servant accused of corruption for his/her defence, decide whether it should proceed with the investigation. It can order a full investigation, or direct to start departmental proceedings or close the proceedings. It may also proceed against the complainant if the allegation is false. Lokpal will have power of superintendence and direction over any central investigation agency including CBI for cases referred to them by the Lokpal. The Chairperson and the Members are appointed by the President of India by warrant under his hand and seal and hold office for a term of five years from the date on which they enter upon the office or until they attain the age of 70 years, whichever is earlier. The chairperson and members of the Lokpal are appointed by the President after obtaining the recommendations of a Selection Committee comprising prime minister, speaker of low Sabha, leader of opposition in lok Sabha, Chief Justice of India or a Judge nominated by him/her and one eminent jurist. Apart from a chairperson, the Lokpal can have eight members — four judicial and as many non-judicial. Source: Lokpal EUROPEAN UNION’S CARBON BORDER ADJUSTMENT MECHANISM (CBAM) Syllabus Prelims- Environment Context: According to a recent study by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the European Union’s (EU) forthcoming Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is anticipated to yield only marginal reductions in global carbon emissions while modestly affecting trade flows, particularly in Asia and the Pacific. Background: The European Union’s (EU) Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is a significant initiative aimed at addressing climate change on a global scale. About CARBON BORDER ADJUSTMENT MECHANISM (CBAM) The European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is a tool designed to put a fair price on the carbon emitted during the production of carbon-intensive goods that are entering the EU. It aims to encourage cleaner industrial production in non-EU countries by ensuring that the carbon price of imports is equivalent to the carbon price of domestic production. It aims to equalize the price of carbon between domestic and imported products in the affected sectors. The mechanism is designed to be compatible with WTO rules. CBAM will apply in its definitive regime from 2026, while the current transitional phase lasts between 2023 and 2026. Definitive Regime (from 2026): EU importers of goods covered by CBAM will register with national authorities. They will buy CBAM certificates, with prices calculated based on the weekly average auction price of EU ETS allowances (expressed in €/tonne of CO₂ emitted). Importers will declare the emissions embedded in their imports and surrender the corresponding number of certificates annually. If importers can prove that a carbon price has already been paid during the production of the imported goods, the corresponding amount can be deducted. Transitional Phase (2023 – 2026): CBAM initially applies to imports of certain goods and selected precursors with carbon-intensive production processes. These goods include cement, iron and steel, aluminium, fertilisers, electricity, and hydrogen. The objective during this period is to serve as a pilot and learning phase for all stakeholders. Impact on India The European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) could have significant impacts on India, particularly in sectors such as steel, cement, fertilizers, hydrocarbons, electricity, and aluminum. Key Points: Increased Export Duties: The CBAM will allow the EU to charge tariffs on carbon-intensive imports from 20261. This could translate into a 20-35% tax on steel, aluminum, and cement imports into the EU. Impact on Trade: Despite India’s lower per capita emissions, the CBAM may result in lower demand for Indian exports, leading to trade diversion from India. This could disrupt businesses until the Indian industry reduces carbon emissions and improves technology. Disclosure of Carbon Emissions: Indian companies in sectors such as steel, cement, fertilizer, aluminum, and hydrocarbon production will be required to disclose their carbon emissions data to the EU. Potential Impact on Trade Competitiveness: The increased export duties could potentially impact India’s trade competitiveness. Financial Impact: In particular, exports of steel and aluminum from India could be impacted to the tune of around US $8 billion Source: The Hindu COLLECTIVE SECURITY TREATY ORGANIZATION (CSTO) Syllabus Prelims : Current Event Context: Recently, Kazakhstan’s President called on the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) to assist in managing ongoing protests within the country. Background: These protests posed a threat to the very existence of the regime that has governed Kazakhstan since it became an independent republic in 1991 About Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO): The Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) is an intergovernmental military alliance in Eurasia. It consists of six post-Soviet states: Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Tajikistan. The CSTO was formed in 2002 and its origins can be traced back to the Soviet Armed Force. The CSTO’s headquarters is located in the Russian capital of Moscow. Key aspects of the CSTO include: Collective Defence: Similar to Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty, Article 4 of the Collective Security Treaty establishes that an aggression against one signatory would be perceived as an aggression against all. Peacekeeping Force: The CSTO maintains a peacekeeping force that has been deployed to areas of conflict, including Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. The force is composed of troops from member states and is designed to provide stability and security in the region. Military Exercises: The CSTO holds yearly military command exercises for the CSTO nations to improve inter-organizational cooperation. Membership Restrictions: Signatories are prohibited from joining other military alliances. Operational Procedures: The CSTO employs a “rotating presidency” system in which the country leading the CSTO alternates every year. Source: Indian Express PRECISION FARMING Syllabus Prelims and Mains – GS3 Context: Garuda Aerospace highlights Precision Farming with Kisan Drone at Krishi Darshan Expo. Background: Krishi Darshan Expo 2024 hosted by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, served as a comprehensive platform for showcasing the latest agricultural technologies and innovations. About Precision farming Precision farming, also known as precision agriculture (PA), is a farming management strategy that leverages information technology to enhance agricultural production sustainability. Precision farming involves observing, measuring, and responding to temporal and spatial variability within fields and livestock systems. The goal is to optimize returns on inputs while preserving resources. How It Works? Instead of applying uniform inputs across the entire field, precision farming tailors’ interventions to specific areas based on their unique needs. Technologies such as GPS, GNSS, and sensor arrays enable precise data collection related to factors like crop yield, terrain features, organic matter content, moisture levels, and nutrient levels. Unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) equipped with cameras capture multispectral images, which aid in creating detailed maps for analysis. Benefits: Increased crop yields and animal performance. Cost reduction, including labour costs. Optimized resource allocation Examples: Varying fertilizer application based on soil nutrient levels. Adjusting irrigation based on moisture data. Mapping crop health using multispectral imagery. Monitoring livestock behaviour and health Previous Year Question Q1. In the context of India, which of the following is/are considered to be practice(s) of the eco-friendly agriculture? Crop diversification Legume intensification Tensiometer use Vertical farming Select the correct answer using the codes given below: 1, 2 and 3 only 3 only 4 only 1, 2, 3 and 4 Source: Krishi Jagran UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT (UNCTAD) Syllabus Prelims – Current Event Context: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has recently raised an alarm over escalating disruptions in shipping routes for global trade in a new report. Background: The recent report titled “Navigating Troubled Waters: The Impact to Global Trade of Disruption of Shipping Routes in the Red Sea, The Black Sea, and the Panama Canal” highlights critical issues affecting trade patterns. About United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD): The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) is an intergovernmental organization within the United Nations Secretariat that promotes the interests of developing countries in world trade. It was established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1964. UNCTAD’s primary objective is to formulate policies relating to all aspects of development, including trade, aid, transport, finance, and technology. UNCTAD was created in response to concerns among developing countries that existing international institutions like GATT (now replaced by the World Trade Organization), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Bank were not properly organized to handle the particular problems of developing countries. One of UNCTAD’s principal achievement was conceiving and implementing the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), which promotes the export of manufactured goods from developing countries. The Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) is a preferential tariff system that provides duty-free and quota-free market access for exports from developing countries to major export markets. The headquarters of UNCTAD are located at the Palais des Nations in Geneva. It has 195 member states, including all UN members plus UN observer states Palestine and the Holy See. Source: Down To Earth Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) In the context of Indian Agriculture, which of the following is/are considered to be the precision farming practice(s)? Varying fertilizer application based on soil nutrient levels. Adjusting irrigation based on moisture data. Mapping crop health using multispectral imagery. Monitoring livestock behaviour and health. Select the correct answer using the codes given below: Only one Only two Only three All four Q2.) Consider the following countries: Armenia Azerbaijan Russia Ukraine Afghanistan Kazakhstan How many of the above-mentioned countries are members of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)? Only two Only three Only four Only five Q3.)With reference to the European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), consider the following statements: CBAM encourages cleaner industrial production in non-EU countries. The CBAM will allow the EU to charge tariffs on carbon-intensive imports from 2026. It aims to equalize the price of carbon between domestic and imported products in the affected sectors. How many of the above statements are correct? Only one Only two All three None Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  28th February  2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs.st ANSWERS FOR  27th February – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – c Q.2) – c Q.3) – c

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 28th February 2024

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) – CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. To take the Test Click Here

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 27th February 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   Suez Canal Syllabus Prelims – Geography Context: Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi said Monday that revenues from the Suez Canal had “decreased by 40 to 50 percent” so far this year due to attacks on shipping by Yemen’s Houthi rebels. Background:- The canal is one of the main sources of foreign currency for Egypt which is gripped by a severe financial crisis. About Suez Canal:- The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez and dividing Africa and Asia. The 193.30-kilometre-long canal is a key trade route between Europe and Asia. It offers the shortest route between the Atlantic Ocean and lands around the Indian and western Pacific Oceans. The canal is one of the busiest waterways in the world, negating the need to navigate around the Cape of Good Hope in Africa and thus cutting distances by up to 7,000 km. Economic Lifeline: The canal continues to be the lifeline for all trade between the West and East as 12- 15 per cent of the global trade passes through it every year. Suez Canal’s Long History The canal has existed in one form or the other since construction started under the reign of Senausret III, Pharao of Egypt (1887-1849 BC). Construction picked up pace around 300 years back as maritime trade between Europe and Asia became crucial for many economies. In the mid-1800s, French diplomat and engineer Ferdinand de Lesseps convinced the Egyptian viceroy Said Pasha to support the canal’s construction. In 1858, the Universal Suez Ship Canal Company was tasked to construct and operate the canal for 99 years, after which rights would be handed to the Egyptian government. Despite facing multiple problems ranging from financial difficulties and attempts by the British and Turks to halt construction, the canal was opened for international navigation in 1869. The French and British held most of the shares in the canal company. The British used their position to sustain their maritime and colonial interests by maintaining a defensive force along the Suez Canal Zone as part of a 1936 treaty. Egypt takes over Suez Canal In 1954, facing pressure from Egyptian nationalists, the two countries signed a seven-year treaty that led to the withdrawal of British troops. In 1956, Egyptian President Abdel Nasser nationalised the Suez Canal to pay for the construction of a dam on the Nile. This led to the Suez Crisis with UK, France and Israel mounting an attack on Egypt. The conflict ended in 1957 after the United Nations got involved and was followed by the first instance of the UN Peacekeeping Forces being deployed anywhere in the world. In 1967, Nasser ordered the peacekeeping forces out of Sinai leading to a new conflict between the two countries. Israelis occupied Sinai and in response, Egypt closed the canal to all shipping. The closure lasted until 1975, when the two countries signed a disengagement accord. The canal was the focal point of the Arab-Israeli War of 1973, with the Arab coalition led by Egypt and Syria. Place in news: Cape of Good Hope The Cape of Good Hope is a rocky headland on the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula in South Africa. A common misconception is that the Cape of Good Hope is the southern tip of Africa. Contemporary geographic knowledge instead states the southernmost point of Africa is Cape Agulhas. When following the western side of the African coastline from the equator, however, the Cape of Good Hope marks the point where a ship begins to travel more eastward than southward. Source: Reuters Lebanon Syllabus Prelims – Geography Context: The Israeli military said its air force on Monday struck targets of the militant Hezbollah group “deep inside Lebanon”. Background: The strikes are among the deepest into Lebanon since the Israel-Hamas war began more than four months ago. They come a day after Israel’s Defense Minister vowed to step up attacks on Hezbollah even if a cease-fire is reached with Hamas in the Gaza Strip. About Lebanon: Lebanon, officially the Republic of Lebanon, is a country in the Levant region of West Asia. It is bordered by Syria to the north and east, by Israel to the south, and by the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Lebanon’s capital and largest city is Beirut, followed by Tripoli and Jounieh. Lebanon is a founding member of the United Nations and of the Arab League and is a member of the Non-Aligned Movement and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation. The border with the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights is disputed by Lebanon in a small area called Shebaa Farms. Source: Associated Press PREVENTION OF MONEY LAUNDERING ACT (PMLA) 2002 Syllabus Prelims and Mains – Polity Context: The Delhi High Court has recently stayed a single-judge order that had significant implications regarding property seized under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) Background: The order in question held that if an investigation under the PMLA extends beyond 365 days without any related proceedings, the Enforcement Directorate (ED) must return the “seized” property to the owner. The court’s interpretation of the PMLA provisions aims to strike a balance between investigative powers and individual rights. About Money laundering Money laundering is the process of concealing the origins of illegally obtained money, typically by passing it through a complex sequence of banking transfers or commercial transactions. The goal is to make the illicit funds appear legitimate and “clean.” Money laundering can involve various methods, including using shell companies, offshore accounts, and intricate financial transactions. The Prevention of Money-Laundering Act (PMLA) enacted in 2002 to prevent money laundering and provide for the confiscation of property derived from or involved in money laundering. Objective of the Prevention of Money-Laundering Act (PMLA) The PMLA aims to prevent money laundering activities. It ensures the legality of financial transactions and promotes the integrity of financial systems. Core Provisions: Offence of Money-Laundering: The act criminalizes disguising the origin of illegally gained money. Punishment: It prescribes penalties for money laundering. Attachment, Adjudication, and Confiscation: The act allows for the attachment of property involved in money laundering, adjudication by authorities, and the confiscation of such property. Obligations of Reporting Entities: Banking companies, financial institutions, and intermediaries have specific obligations under the act. Summonses, Searches, and Seizures: The act empowers authorities to conduct searches, seizures, and arrests related to money laundering cases. Appellate Tribunal and Special Courts: The act establishes an Appellate Tribunal and Special Courts for adjudication and appeals. The Enforcement Directorate (ED), operating under the Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance, is the primary authority responsible for investigating and prosecuting money laundering offenses under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) at the national level. Source: Times of India DHARMA GUARDIAN EXERCISE Syllabus Prelims – Current Event Context: India and Japan have initiated a two-week military exercise. Background: This exercise provides an opportunity for both nations to share best practices, develop inter-operability, and strengthen bilateral relations. About The Dharma Guardian: The Dharma Guardian is an annual joint military exercise between the Indian Army and the Japan Ground Self Defence Force. The 5th edition of this exercise commenced on February 25, 2024, at the Mahajan Field Firing Ranges in Rajasthan, India. Inception: The exercise was initiated in 2018 as part of the growing bilateral defence cooperation between the two nations. Objective: The primary aim of Dharma Guardian is to enhance military interoperability and strengthen the strategic partnership between India and Japan. Alternating Locations: The exercise takes place alternately in India and Japan. It provides an opportunity for troops from both countries to train together, share best practices, and learn from each other. Focus Areas: During the exercise, soldiers engage in various tactical drills, including establishing temporary operating bases, conducting reconnaissance grids, setting up vehicle check posts, practicing cordon and search operations, and executing heliborne operations. Weapon Exhibition: Apart from the field exercises, there is also an exhibition of weapons and equipment. This showcases India’s ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ initiative (self-reliant India) and highlights the country’s growing defence industrial capability. Mutual Benefits: Dharma Guardian fosters mutual understanding, interoperability, and camaraderie between the armed forces of India and Japan. Source: Hindustan Times AFRICAN UNION Syllabus Prelims – Current Event Context: African Union imposes historic ban on cruel donkey skin trade. Background: Demand for the animals’ skins is fuelled by the popularity of an ancient Chinese medicine called Ejiao, traditionally made from donkey hides.About two-thirds of world’s estimated population of 53 million donkeys are in Africa. People in the poorest, rural communities use them for transport and to carry water, food and other goods.Donkey slaughter for its skin has eroded livelihoods in Africa, robbing the continent of its culture, biodiversity and identity. About African Union (AU) The African Union (AU), officially launched in 2002, is a continental body consisting of 55 member states located on the continent of Africa. It serves as the successor to the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), which was established from 1963 to 1999. The AU’s primary goal is to propel a united continent toward peace and prosperity. It supports political and economic integration among its 54 member nations, aiming to boost development, eradicate poverty, and bring Africa into the global economy. The AU’s secretariat, known as the African Union Commission, is based in Addis Ababa. The largest city within the AU is Lagos, Nigeria, while the largest urban agglomeration is Cairo, Egypt. Source: BBC Plastic Pollution Syllabus Mains – GS 3 Context: A parliamentary panel raised concerns over the ineffective handling of plastic waste in the country, citing a report from the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG). Background: Public Accounts Committee (PAC) in its 57-page report underlined the absence of effective measures that could save people from the hazards of plastic pollution. About Plastic Pollution Plastic pollution refers to the accumulation of plastic waste in the environment, leading to negative impacts on ecosystems, wildlife, human health, and overall ecological balance. Issues associated with plastic waste in India: Like much of the world, India is struggling to dispose of its growing quantities of plastic waste given how ubiquitous it has become-from our toothbrushes to debit cards. A little over 10,000 tonnes a day of plastic waste remains uncollected. India’s packaging industry is the biggest consumer of plastics. A 2020 study onpackaging in India projects a loss of almost 133 billion dollars’ worth of plastic material value over the next decade due to unsustainable packaging. Unsustainable packaging involves general packaging through single-use plastic. The popularity of online retail and food delivery apps, though restricted to big cities, is contributing to the rise in plastic waste. India’s biggest online delivery start-ups Swiggy and Zomato are each reportedly delivering about 28 million orders a month. Polluting plastics can affect the world’s tiniest organisms, such asWhen these organisms become poisoned due to plastic ingestion, this causes problems for the larger animals that depend on them for food. Larger items, such as plastic bags and straws, can choke and starve marine life, while smaller fragments (microplastics) can cause liver, reproductive, and gastrointestinal damage in animals and it can directly impact the blue economy as well. TheWorld Health Organisation published shocking research in 2018 that exposed the presence of microplastics in 90% of bottled water. Plastic toxicity in humans can lead to hormonal disruption and adverse reproductive and birth outcomes. How is India addressing the concerns regarding plastic waste? India launched anationwide awareness campaign on single-use plastics on World Environment Day in June 2022. A mobile app for Single Use Plastics Grievance Redressal was also launched to empower citizens to check the sale/usage/manufacturing of SUP in their area and tackle the plastic menace. Plastic Waste Management Amendment Rules of 2022 prohibits the manufacture, import, stocking, distribution, sale, and use of several single-use plastic items as of July 1, 2022. It has also mandatedExtended Producer Responsibility (EPR) that incorporates circularity by making manufacturers of products responsible for collecting and processing their products upon the end of the product’s lifetime. India Plastics Pact is thefirst of its kind in Asia. The Plastics Pact is an ambitious and collaborative initiative to bring stakeholders together to reduce, reuse, and recycle plastics within the material’s value chain. Project REPLAN (stands for REducing PLastic in Nature)launched by the Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) aims to reduce the consumption of plastic bags by providing a more sustainable alternative. Sources : Times Of India Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Which among the following country rejoined African Union in 2017 despite some countries opposing it due to question over disputed territory of western sahara ? Algeria Botswana Morocco Mauritius Q2.) Exercise Dharma Guardian is an annual joint military exercise between the Indian Army and the defence force of Maldives Australia France Japan Q3.)With reference to the Prevention of Money-Laundering Act (PMLA), consider the following statements: The act criminalizes disguising the origin of illegally gained money. The act allows for the confiscation of property involved in money laundering. Enforcement Directorate (ED)is the primary authority responsible for investigating and prosecuting money laundering offenses under the PMLA. How many of the above statements are correct? Only one Only two All three None Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  27th February  2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs.st ANSWERS FOR  26th February – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – c Q.2) – a Q.3) – c

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 27th February 2024

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) – CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. To take the Test Click Here

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[OFFICIAL ANNOUNCEMENT] KPSC Gazetted Probationers Examination Notification, 2023-24 Released – 384 Vacancies

Dear Friends, To download the notification of the KPSC Gazetted Probationers Examination, 2023-24, CLICK BELOW LINK KPSC Gazetted Probationers Examination, 2023-24 Notification - DOWNLOAD How to Apply The process has completely changed from the previous years. Candidates must take note of this. Visit the official KPSC website; https://kpsc.kar.nic.in/ Navigate to the application portal dedicated to the KAS Gazetted Probationers exam. Join The Most Comprehensive Programme to Crack the KPSC Examination;- ಮಿಷನ್ ಸಂಕಲ್ಪ – KPSC/KAS Foundation Course Register by providing necessary personal details to create an account or log in if you already have an account. Fill in the application form with accurate information regarding your educational qualifications, personal details, and any other required information. Upload scanned copies of necessary documents, including photographs and signatures, adhering to the specifications mentioned in the notification. Pay the examination fee via the available online payment methods. Review your application thoroughly to ensure all information is correct and complete. Submit the application form and take a printout for future reference. Timelines Start Date to Submit Application: 4 March 2024 End Date to Submit Application: 3 April 2024 Exam Date: 5 May 2024 Age Limit The general category (GM) has an upper age limit of 35 years. Category 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B candidates have an upper age limit of 38 years. For candidates belonging to Category - I, Scheduled Caste (SC), Scheduled Tribe (ST), the upper age limit is 40 years. Number of Attempts (Subject to Age Limit) General Merit (GM): 5 attempts Category 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B: 7 attempts Category - I, Scheduled Caste (SC), and Scheduled Tribe (ST): Unlimited attempts, until they reach the upper age limit Vacancies The number of vacancies to be filled through the examination is expected to be 384which includes Persons with Benchmark Disability Category. The final number of vacancies may undergo change after getting a firm number of vacancies from Cadre Controlling Authorities. Reservations will be made for candidates belonging to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes, the Economically Weaker Sections and Persons with Benchmark Disability in respect of vacancies as may be fixed by the Government. Scheme and subjects for the examination Join The Most Comprehensive Programme to Crack the KPSC Examination;- ಮಿಷನ್ ಸಂಕಲ್ಪ – KPSC/KAS Foundation Course Preliminary Examination: Consisting of two papers on General Studies (usually including topics like current events, history, geography, Indian polity, economic and social development, general issues on environmental ecology, biodiversity, and climate change) and an aptitude test (comprehension, interpersonal skills, logical reasoning and analytical ability, decision making and problem-solving, general mental ability, basic numeracy, data interpretation, English language comprehension skills). Main Examination: Detailed papers on specific subjects as chosen by the candidate from the list provided by KPSC, along with compulsory papers on Essay, General Studies, and Ethics. Personality Test: An interview or personality test assessing the candidate's suitability for a career in public service. For the exact structure, subjects, and marking scheme, it's advisable to refer to the Karnataka Public Service Commission (KPSC) official notification

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 26th February 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE Syllabus Prelims & Mains – Science Context: Kerala recently initiated Operation AMRITH (Antimicrobial Resistance Intervention for Total Health). This programme enforces rule mandating a doctor’s prescription for acquiring any class of antibiotics. Background:- Kerala has pioneered many public health initiatives in the country with significant investment in the sector About ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE Antimicrobials – including antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals and antiparasitics – are medicines used to prevent and treat infections in humans, animals and plants. Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites change over time and no longer respond to medicines making infections harder to treat and increasing the risk of disease spread, severe illness and death. As a result of drug resistance, antibiotics and other antimicrobial medicines become ineffective and infections become increasingly difficult or impossible to treat. AMR occurs naturally over time, usually through genetic changes. Antimicrobial resistant organisms are found in people, animals, food, plants and the environment (in water, soil and air). They can spread from person to person or between people and animals, including from food of animal origin. The main drivers of antimicrobial resistance include the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials; lack of access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) for both humans and animals; poor infection and disease prevention and control in health-care facilities and farms; poor access to quality, affordable medicines, vaccines and diagnostics; lack of awareness and knowledge; and lack of enforcement of legislation. Source: The Hindu Schedule H and H1 Syllabus Prelims – Current Event Context: Kerala recently initiated Operation AMRITH (Antimicrobial Resistance Intervention for Total Health). This programme enforces rule mandating a doctor’s prescription for acquiring any class of antibiotics. Background:- Schedule H1 is particularly relevant to prevent misuse of drugs, one of the causes of antimicrobial resistance. Schedule H and H1 The Drugs and cosmetic Act, 1940 was passed in British India to regulate the manufacture, distribution, and sale of drugs in the country. After Indian independence, the Act underwent various amendments from time to time. The act classifies drugs into different schedules. What are Schedule H Drugs? This schedule contains a list of drugs that can be sold only against the prescription of a registered medical practitioner. Another provision needs to be followed is that, only the required amount of medications mentioned in the prescription can be dispensed. These drugs can be supplied only to the licensed parties. The drug label must exhibit the text “Rx” and Schedule H drug warning: To be sold by retails on the prescription of a Registered Medical Practioner only. Why was Schedule H1 Introduced A newer category created in 2013 as a sub-classification of Schedule H. These drugs are also prescription-only but face additional regulations compared to Schedule H. The schedule H1 drugs was mainly created to restrict the selling of antibiotics through over the counter (OTC) sales, after it was noted that any number of these drugs could be bought from pharmacies across India without any limitations. Irrational prescribing of antibiotics and other drugs by doctors and chemists lacking a registered pharmacist has contributed to the increasing antibiotics resistance and tolerance of psychotropics. The Supply of a drug specified in Schedule H1 shall be recorded in a separate register at the time of the supply giving the name and address of the prescriber, the name of the patient, the name of the drug and the quantity supplied and such record shall be maintained for three years and be open for inspection. Both Schedule H and H1 drugs are prescription-only, but Schedule H1 has stricter regulations due to the specific types of drugs included and the potential for misuse or public health concerns. The additional labeling and record-keeping requirements for Schedule H1 aim to enhance control and ensure responsible usage of these medications. Source: The Hindu Trisomy Syllabus Prelims – Science Context: Researchers have reported chromosomal disorders discovered from prehistoric skeletal remains, dating up to approximately 5,500 years old — including six cases of Down syndrome and one case of Edwards syndrome. Background: There have only been a few documented cases of Down syndrome in ancient individuals, largely owing to difficulties in identifying genetic disorders without modern techniques for analysing ancient DNA samples About Trisomy: Chromosomes are the threadlike structures in cells that hold genes. Genes carry the instructions needed to make every part of a baby’s body. When an egg and sperm join and form an embryo, their chromosomes combine. Each baby gets 23 chromosomes from the mother’s egg and 23 chromosomes from the father’s sperm — 46 in total.i.e.humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes. Trisomy is a chromosomal abnormality where an individual has three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the usual two copies. This can occur in any chromosome, but some are more common than others. The most common type of trisomy is trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome. Other common types include trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome) and trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome). These conditions can cause a variety of physical and intellectual disabilities, although the severity of symptoms can vary widely from person to person. Source:  The Hindu INDUS WATER TREATY Syllabus Prelims – Current Event Context: India completely stops Ravi River water flow to Pakistan. Background: The completion of the Shahpur Kandi barrage diverts water from the Ravi River to benefit Jammu and Kashmir. This project, under the Indus Waters Treaty, aids irrigation and hydropower generation, contributing to agricultural and economic growth in the region. About INDUS WATER TREATY The Indus Water Treaty is a water-sharing agreement between India and Pakistan, brokered by the World Bank and signed in 1960. The treaty was signed by then Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Pakistani President Ayub Khan. The treaty deals with the river Indus and its five tributaries, classified into two categories: Eastern rivers: Ravi, Beas, Sutlej Western rivers: Indus, Chenab, Jhelum India got control over the eastern rivers, while Pakistan got control over the western rivers. The treaty allows India to use the western river waters for limited irrigation use and unlimited non-consumptive use. A Permanent Indus Commission was set up by the United Nations for resolving any disputes that may arise in water sharing. India has undertaken several water management projects, including the construction of storage facilities such as the Bhakra Dam on the Sutlej, Pong and Pandoh Dam on the Beas, and Thein (Ranjit Sagar) on the Ravi. These initiatives, coupled with projects like the Beas-Sutlej link and the Indira Gandhi Nahar Project, have enabled India to utilize nearly its entire share (95%) of waters from the eastern rivers. Source: Times of India Previous Year Question Q1. Consider the following pairs: Reservoirs                         States Ghataprabha                  Telangana Gandhi Sagar                 Madhya Pradesh Indira Sagar                    Andhra Pradesh Maithon                           Chhattisgarh How many pairs given above are not correctly matched? Only one pair Only two pairs Only three pairs All four pairs SIXTH SCHEDULE Syllabus Prelims -Polity Context:The Union Government has recently agreed to examine how the provisions of the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution can be implemented in Ladakh’s context. Background: Ladakh was converted into a Union Territory (UT) without a Legislative Assembly after the special status of Jammu and Kashmir under Article 370 was revoked by Parliament in August 2019. The erstwhile state was split into the UTs of Ladakh and Jammu and Kashmir. It is estimated that more than 90% of Ladakh’s population is tribal. About SIXTH SCHEDULE The Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution contains provisions related to the administration of tribal areas in the states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram. The Sixth Schedule was enacted by the Constituent Assembly in 1949 to safeguard the rights of the tribal population through the formation of Autonomous District Councils. Key Features: Autonomous Districts and Regions: The tribal areas in these four states have been constituted as autonomous districts. If there are different tribes in an autonomous district, the governor can divide the district into several autonomous regions. Governor’s Powers: The Governor of the state is empowered to determine the area or areas as administrative units of the Autonomous Districts and Autonomous Regions. The Governor has the power to create a new Autonomous District/Region or alter the territorial jurisdiction or the name of any Autonomous District or Autonomous Region. District and Regional Councils: Each Autonomous District has a District Council consisting of not more than thirty members, out of which four are nominated by the Governor while the rest are elected on the basis of adult franchise. Each autonomous region also has a separate regional council. Tribal Areas under Sixth Schedule: The tribal areas under the Sixth Schedule are divided into four parts: Part I (Assam): The North-Cachar Hills District, The Karbi-Anglong District, The Bodoland Territorial Area District. Part II (Meghalaya): The Khasi Hills District, The Jaintia Hills District, The Garo Hills District. Part II-A (Tripura): The Tripura Tribal Areas District. Part III (Mizoram): The Chakma District, The Mara District, The Lai District Source: The Hindu NATIONAL GREEN HYDROGEN MISSION Syllabus Prelims & Mains- Environment Context: The Green Hydrogen R&D Scheme has recently launched by the Union Minister for Power and New & Renewable Energy. Background: The R&D projects under the National Green Hydrogen Mission encompass Mission Mode projects (0 – 5 years), Grand Challenge projects (0 – 8 years), and Blue-Sky projects (0 – 15 years). Additionally, Centres of Excellence will be identified and supported under the mission, with an initial focus on Mission Mode projects. About Green Hydrogen The Green hydrogen is a form of hydrogen that is produced using renewable energy sources, such as wind or solar power. It is produced by the electrolysis of water, which involves passing an electric current through water to split it into hydrogen and oxygen. This process results in a clean and climate-neutral fuel. The National Green Hydrogen Mission is an initiative by the Indian government with the aim of making India a global hub for the production, usage, and export of green hydrogen. Key Aspects of the Mission Objective: The mission’s overarching goal is to decarbonize the economy, reduce dependence on fossil fuel imports, and enable India to assume technology and market leadership in green hydrogen. Production and Export Goals: The mission aims to build capabilities to produce at least 5 million metric tonnes (MMT) of green hydrogen per annum by 2030, with the potential to reach 10 MMT per annum with the growth of export markets. Strategic Interventions for Green Hydrogen Transition (SIGHT): In the initial stage, two distinct financial incentive mechanisms are proposed with an outlay of ₹ 17,490 crore up to 2029-30: Incentive for manufacturing of electrolysers and incentive for production of green hydrogen. Pilot Projects: The mission includes an outlay for pilot projects in areas like low carbon steel, mobility, and shipping. Green Hydrogen Hubs: The mission plans to identify and develop regions capable of supporting large scale production and/or utilization of hydrogen as Green Hydrogen Hubs. Public-Private Partnership for R&D: The mission establishes the Strategic Hydrogen Innovation Partnership (SHIP), which involves creating a dedicated R&D fund with contributions from industry and government institutions Enabling Policy Framework: Various policy provisions will be extended for Green Hydrogen projects, including waiver of interstate transmission charges for renewable energy used for Green Hydrogen production, facilitating renewable energy banking, and time-bound grant of Open Access and connectivity. Applications of Green hydrogen Energy Storage: Green hydrogen can be stored and used to generate electricity when needed, making it a potential solution for storing excess energy from renewable sources. Fuel for Transportation: Green hydrogen can be used as a fuel in vehicles, providing a sustainable mobility alternative. It is being used in cars, mining vehicles, trains, aircraft, lorries, buses, and even maritime transport. Industrial Processes: Green hydrogen can replace current hydrogen feedstocks in various industrial processes. It can be used for industrial heating practices, chemical production, iron and steel production, food production, semiconductor manufacturing, and as a fuel source in oil and gas refineries. Decarbonization of Heavy Industries: Green hydrogen can help decarbonize sectors such as shipping and transportation, as well as manufacturing industries such as steel and chemicals, where it can constitute an important raw material as well as a fuel. Source: The Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Consider the following Industrial Process: Steel Production Chemical Production Oil refineries Green hydrogen is expected to play a significant role in how many of the above industries? Only one Only two All three None Q2.)The provisions in Fifth Schedule and Sixth Schedule in the Constitution of India are made in order to protect the interests of Scheduled Tribes determine the boundaries between States determine the powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats protect the interests of all the border States Q3.) Consider the following pairs: Reservoirs                 Rivers Bhakra                      Sutlej Pong                         Beas Thein                        Ravi How many of the above pairs are correctly matched? Only one Only two All three None Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  26th February  2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs.st ANSWERS FOR  24th February – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – d Q.2) – c Q.3) – b

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 26th February 2024

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) – CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. To take the Test Click Here

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 24th February 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   INTERPOL Syllabus Prelims – Current Event Context: Concerns have been raised about the misuse of Interpol’s notice system, especially the issuance of blue corner notices. Background:- Although Interpol’s Constitution explicitly forbids any activities of a political character, activists have accused it of failing to enforce this rule. Much of this outrage is directed at Russia, which has repeatedly issued notices and diffusions for the arrest of Kremlin opponents. About Interpol The International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) is an intergovernmental organization that helps coordinate the police force of 196 member countries. Each of the member countries hosts an INTERPOL National Central Bureau (NCB). The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is designated as the National Central Bureau of India. It is headquartered in Lyon, France Types of Notice issued by Interpol INTERPOL Notices are international requests for cooperation or alerts allowing police in member countries to share critical crime-related information. Notices are issued by the General Secretariat at the request of a member country’s INTERPOL National Central Bureau Notices can also be issued at the request of International Criminal Tribunals and the International Criminal Court to seek persons wanted for committing crimes within their jurisdiction, notably genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. They can also be issued at the request of the United Nations in relation to the implementation of sanctions imposed by the Security Council. Red Notice: To seek the location and arrest of persons wanted for prosecution or to serve a sentence.However, Interpol cannot compel law enforcement authorities in any country to arrest the subject of a red corner notice as the exercise of such powers is entirely discretionary. Yellow Notice: To help locate missing persons, often minors, or to help identify persons who are unable to identify themselves. Blue Notice: To collect additional information about a person’s identity, location or activities in relation to a criminal investigation. Black Notice: To seek information on unidentified bodies. Green Notice: To provide warning about a person’s criminal activities, where the person is considered to be a possible threat to public safety. Orange Notice: To warn of an event, a person, an object or a process representing a serious and imminent threat to public safety. Purple Notice: To seek or provide information on modus operandi, objects, devices and concealment methods used by criminals. INTERPOL–United Nations Security Council Special Notice: Issued for entities and individuals who are the targets of UN Security Council Sanctions Committees. Source: The Hindu Medaram Jatara or Sammakka Saralamma Jathara Syllabus Prelims – Culture Context: The Telangana Governor extended her wishes to the tribal communities, lauding the Medaram Jatara as an unparalleled testament to indigenous culture and heritage. Background: Lakhs of pilgrims poured into Medaram, which commemorates a revolt against the levy of taxes on the tribal populace during a period of drought by the Kakatiya rulers in the 12th century About Medaram Jatara Sammakka Saralamma Jathara or Medaram Jathara is a tribal festival of honouring the goddesses celebrated in the state of Telangana, India. The Jathara begins at Medaram in Tadvai Mandal in Mulugu district. Medaram is a remote place in the Eturnagaram Wildlife Sanctuary, a part of Dandakaranya, the largest surviving forest belt in the Mulugu. It commemorates the fight of a mother and daughter, Sammakka and Saralamma, with the reigning rulers against an unjust law. The Medaram Jathara festival is held every two years. Sammakka Saralamma Jathara is the time for the largest tribal religious congregation in the world,with approximately ten million people converging on the place, over a period of four days. Source:  The Hindu NB8 Syllabus Prelims – Current Event Context: In this year’s Raisina Dialogue in New Delhi, the eight Nordic-Baltic countries, are participating in it together as representatives of the Nordic-Baltic cooperation, the NB8. Background: Participation of NB8 is significant as the Russia ukraine conflict continues. About Nordic-Baltic Eight (NB8) Nordic-Baltic Eight (NB8) is a regional co-operation format that includes Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, and Sweden. Named as 5+3 in the beginning of cooperation (five Nordic countries plus three Baltic States), the format changed its name to NB8. Source: The Hindu WILDLIFE PROTECTION ACT, 1972 Syllabus Prelims – Environment Context: Union Minister for Environment, Forest, and Climate Change Bhupender Yadav has recently said that there is no need for any amendment in the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 to address human-wildlife conflict as the chief wildlife warden was empowered to trap, catch, and, if necessary, shoot wildlife according to the Section 11 of the Act. Background: Recently, the Kerala Legislative Assembly passed a resolution that urged the Centre to make changes in some sections of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. The urge to make these amendments is for the purpose of catering to the issue of increasing conflicts between humans and animals in Kerala. About The Wildlife Protection Act: The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 is a significant legislation in India that provides a legal framework for the protection of various species of wild animals and plants, management of their habitats, and regulation and control of trade in wild animals, plants, and products derived from them. The Act provides for the establishment of wildlife advisory boards, regulations for hunting wild animals and birds, and the establishment of sanctuaries and national parks. Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act, 2022: The Act seeks to increase the species protected under the law and implement CITES (CITES is a multilateral treaty to protect endangered plants and animals from the threats of international trade). The number of schedules has been reduced to four from six: Schedule I contains animal species enjoying the highest level of protection. Schedule II for animal species subject to a lesser degree of protection. Schedule III for protected plant species, and Schedule IV for scheduled specimens under CITES. The Act permits the use of elephants for ‘religious or any other purposes’. The penalties have also been increased for general and specially protected animals’ violations. Source: The Hindu FOREIGN EXCHANGE MANAGEMENT ACT (FEMA) Syllabus Prelims– Economy Context: The Enforcement Directorate (ED) issued showcause notices to Byju’s, a leading edtech startup, and its founder and CEO Byju Raveendran for allegedly violating Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) provisions to the tune of over Rs 9,362 crore. Background: According to the ED, Byju’s and its founder violated FEMA by transferring funds to foreign entities without obtaining prior approval from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) or submitting the required documents. The ED also alleged that Byju’s did not disclose the source and purpose of the funds, and did not maintain proper records of the transactions. About Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) The Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) is a law that regulates the transactions involving foreign exchange in India. It was enacted in 1999 to replace the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA) of 1973. The new Act is in consonance with the frameworks of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). FEMA aims to facilitate external trade and payments, promote orderly development and maintenance of foreign exchange market, and prevent money laundering and other illegal activities. Main Features of FEMA It gives powers to the Central Government to regulate the flow of payments to and from a person situated outside the country. It requires all transactions involving foreign exchange or foreign securities to be carried out through authorized persons, such as banks, dealers, or agents. It allows the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to impose restrictions on transactions from current account or capital account, depending on the foreign exchange situation in the country. It permits Indians residing in India to hold or own foreign exchange, foreign securities, or immovable property abroad, subject to certain conditions and limits. It provides for penalties and enforcement actions for contravention of the provisions of the Act or the rules and regulations made under it. FEMA works in coordination with other laws and agencies, such as the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA), the Income Tax Act, the Enforcement Directorate (ED), and the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU), to combat money laundering and related crimes. Source: The Hindu Brain-Computer Interface Syllabus Mains – GS4 Context: According to Elon Musk, the first human received an implant from his computer-brain interface company Neuralink. Background: Since its founding in 2016, Elon Musk’s neurotechnology company Neuralink has had the ambitious mission to build a next-generation brain implant with at least 100-times more brain connections than devices currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). What is a Brain-Computer Interface? A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a technology that enables direct communication between the brain and external devices, such as computers or prosthetics, without using traditional neuromuscular pathways like nerves and muscles. BCI typically involves the use of sensors to detect brain activity, which is then translated into commands or actions, allowing individuals to control devices or interact with the external world using their thoughts. Potential applications of Brain-Computer Interface: Monitoring and treating neurological conditions like epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, and neurodegenerative disorders by directly interfacing with the brain. Assisting in motor function recovery and rehabilitation after a stroke. Enabling individuals with paralysis or motor impairments to control devices, such as prosthetics, wheelchairs, or robotic limbs, using their thoughts. Restoring communication for individuals with conditions like locked-in syndrome (paralyzed except for the muscles that control eye movement). Providing real-time data for monitoring and managing mental health conditions, such as depression or anxiety. Enhancing virtual and augmented reality experiences by allowing users to interact with digital environments using their thoughts. Ethical considerations related to Brain-Computer Interface (BCI): BCIs can potentially decode thoughts and emotions. Unauthorized access to this information raises concerns about cognitive privacy. As with any technology that involves the collection and storage of sensitive data, there are risks of hacking and unauthorized access to brain data, which could lead to identity theft or other malicious uses. There is a risk that BCIs could be manipulated to unauthorized control or manipulation of a person’s thoughts or actions. Critics argue that BCIs could exacerbate existing social inequalities if only specific socioeconomic groups can afford the technology due to its high cost and may lead to a situation of cognitive divide. Distinguishing between therapeutic uses of BCIs and threats to normal cognitive function is subjective. Sources : The Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.)Which among the following country is not a part of NB8? Finaland Iceland Sweden Germany Q2.)With reference to Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), consider the following statements? The Act gives powers to the Central Government to regulate the flow of payments to and from a person situated outside the country. All financial transactions concerning foreign securities or exchange cannot be carried out without the approval of FEMA. The Act is in consonance with the frameworks of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). How many statements given above is/are correct? Only one Only two All three None Q3.) Consider the following statements: Statement-I: The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 is a significant legislation in India that provides a legal framework for the protection of various species of wild animals and plants. Statement-II: According to the Section 11 of the Act, the chief wildlife warden is empowered to trap, catch, and, if necessary, shoot wildlife. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  24th February  2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs.st ANSWERS FOR  23rd February – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – c Q.2) – c Q.3) – c

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