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Dec 12, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 12th December 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) IMPEACHMENT OF HIGH COURT JUDGE Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – POLITY Context: The Opposition has started efforts to move an impeachment motion against Allahabad High Court judge Shekhar Kumar Yadav for his controversial statements at a recent Vishwa Hindu Parishad event. Background: – No High Court judge has been impeached in India so far. Constitutional Provisions Article 217: Deals with the appointment and conditions of service of High Court judges. Specifies that judges hold office until the age of 62 unless they resign, are impeached, or are removed. Article 218: The process of impeachment of a judge of the Supreme Court is laid down in Article 124(4) of the Constitution of India. Article 218 says the same provisions shall apply in relation to a judge of the High Court as well. Grounds for Removal: Proved misbehavior or incapacity. The procedure to be followed for impeachment of a judge is laid down in the Judges Inquiry Act, 1968. Procedure for Impeachment Initiation of Motion – A removal motion must be signed by: At least 100 members in the Lok Sabha, or At least 50 members in the Rajya Sabha. Upon admission of the motion, an inquiry committee is formed. A three-member committee is constituted, comprising: A Supreme Court judge. A Chief Justice of a High Court. An eminent jurist. The committee investigates the charges and submits its report. Parliamentary Approval: If the committee finds the judge guilty, both Houses of Parliament must pass the motion with a two-thirds majority of members present and voting, and the majority must be no less than 50% of the total membership of the House. President’s Order: Upon approval by both Houses, the President orders the removal of the judge. Important Points High Threshold: The impeachment process is deliberately complex to ensure judicial independence. Significant Cases: Justice Soumitra Sen of the Calcutta High Court faced impeachment proceedings but resigned before the process was concluded. Justice V. Ramaswami of the Supreme Court faced impeachment, but the motion failed in the Lok Sabha. Source: The Hindu MALARIA Syllabus: Prelims – SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: According to the World Malaria Report 2024 by WHO, the South East Asia Region contributes about 1.5% of global malaria cases, with India accounting for nearly half of all estimated cases in the region in 2023. Background: – New data from the WHO revealed that an estimated 2.2 billion cases of malaria and 12.7 million deaths have been averted since 2000, but the disease remains a serious global health threat, particularly in the WHO African Region. About Malaria Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Not all Anopheles mosquitoes have malaria, but if they bite a person with malaria, they can become infectious. People do not spread malaria to other people, like the common cold or the flu. Also, malaria is not sexually transmitted. Because the parasites that cause malaria affect red blood cells, people can acatch malaria from exposure to infected blood, including: From mother to unborn child Through blood transfusions By sharing needles used to inject drugs Symptoms Fever, chills, headaches, muscle pain, vomiting. Severe cases: Organ failure, cerebral malaria, or death. Global Initiatives: WHO’s Global Technical Strategy for Malaria (2016-2030) aims to reduce global malaria cases by 90% by 2030. India’s Measures: National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP): Aims to eliminate malaria by 2030. National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP): Comprehensive approach to combat mosquito-borne diseases. Use of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs), indoor residual spraying (IRS), and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Vaccination: RTS,S/AS01 (Mosquirix): First malaria vaccine approved by WHO in 2021 for pilot projects in high-burden regions. Source: The Hindu CLIMATE IMPACT OF EXPLORING SPACE Syllabus: Mains – ENVIRONMENT Context: As the world becomes more reliant on space technology for vital functions like climate monitoring, the environmental consequences of space activities need more attention. The rapid growth of the number of satellites in orbit has led to concerns about interference with climate monitoring systems and the accumulation of orbital debris. Background: Space activities currently fall outside international sustainability instruments like the Paris Agreement. Key Concerns: Climate Change: Rocket emissions (CO2, black carbon, water vapor) contribute to global warming. Chlorine-based propellants deplete the ozone layer. Satellite re-entry and burn up releases metallic ash, potentially altering the atmosphere. Energy-intensive satellite production and mining activities have significant carbon footprints. Orbital Debris: Rapid growth of satellites and debris poses collision risks to functional satellites. Debris interferes with scientific observations and communication systems. Increases the cost and complexity of space missions. Poses a threat to human-crewed missions. Challenges to Space Sustainability: Lack of International Regulation: No specific international regulations address space debris and environmental impact. Technological Limitations: Reusable rockets have limitations in terms of payload capacity and fuel efficiency. Cleaner fuels like hydrogen and biofuels face challenges in production and storage. Biodegradable satellite materials lack durability for space environments. Autonomous debris removal technologies are expensive and require legal clarity. International Cooperation: Data sharing and coordination among nations are hindered by security and commercial concerns. Path Towards Space Sustainability: International Cooperation: International cooperation through bodies like the Committee on the Peaceful Use of Outer Space (COPUOS) is necessary to create enforceable standards. Standardize emission limits, debris mitigation, and data-sharing practices. Technological Innovation: Invest in research and development of cleaner fuels, biodegradable materials, and autonomous debris removal technologies. Policy and Incentives: Implement strict regulations and incentives for sustainable space practices. Encourage public-private partnerships to accelerate technological advancements. Establish a global space traffic management system to monitor and coordinate satellite activities. Source: The Hindu EXPANSION OF UNIVERSE Syllabus: Prelims – SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: Two years of data from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has corroborated the observation by Hubble Telescope that the universe is expanding more rapidly than expected. Background: – The observations by Webb, the most capable space telescope ever deployed, appear to rule out the notion that the data from its forerunner Hubble was somehow flawed due to instrument error Key takeaways Data from James Webb Space Telescope have now validated the Hubble Space Telescope’s earlier finding that the rate of the universe’s expansion is faster — by about 8% — than would be expected based on what astrophysicists know of the initial conditions in the cosmos and its evolution over billions of years. The discrepancy is called the Hubble Tension. According to scientists, the current understanding of the universe contains a lot of ignorance about two elements — dark matter and dark energy — and these make up 96% of the universe. Dark matter, thought to comprise about 27% of the universe, is a hypothesised form of matter that is invisible but is inferred to exist based on its gravitational effects on ordinary matter – stars, planets, moons, all the stuff on Earth – which accounts for roughly 5% of the universe. Dark energy, believed to comprise approximately 69% of the universe, is a hypothesised form of energy permeating vast swathes of space that counteracts gravity and drives the universe’s accelerating expansion. More about Hubble Tension Hubble Constant (H₀): Represents the rate of expansion of the universe, typically expressed in kilometers per second per megaparsec (km/s/Mpc) Hubble Tension: Discrepancy between values of H₀ measured using different methods, challenging our understanding of cosmology. About James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is the most powerful space telescope ever built, designed to explore the universe in unprecedented detail. Launch Date: JWST was launched on December 25, 2021. Location: It orbits the Sun at the second Lagrange point (L2), about 1.5 million kilometers (1 million miles) from Earth. Design and Features: Sunshield: It has a 5-layer sunshield the size of a tennis court, which protects its instruments from the Sun’s heat and light. Mirrors: JWST uses 18 hexagonal mirrors that unfold like a “Transformer” in space to form a single large mirror with a diameter of 6.5 meters (21 feet). Scientific Instruments: Instruments: JWST is equipped with four main instruments: Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam), Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec), Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI), and Fine Guidance Sensor/Near InfraRed Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (FGS/NIRISS). Capabilities: These instruments allow JWST to observe the universe in infrared light, which can penetrate dust clouds and reveal objects that are too faint or distant for visible light telescopes. Scientific Goals: Early Universe: JWST aims to study the first galaxies formed after the Big Bang, providing insights into the early universe. Planetary Systems: It will observe the atmospheres of exoplanets to search for signs of habitability and possibly life. Star and Planet Formation: JWST will study the formation of stars and planets within dust clouds. Source: The Hindu CASPIAN SEA Syllabus: Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: Kazakhstan’s state-owned energy company said recently that it had decontaminated Soviet-era oil waste on the shores of the Caspian Sea. Background: – In Central Asia, work to remove toxic waste dating back to Soviet times has gathered pace in recent years, particularly in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, where millions of cubic metres of radioactive waste are stored. Key takeaways Location: Lies between Europe and Asia, bordered by five countries: Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran, and Azerbaijan. Unique Feature: Largest enclosed inland water body, often called a sea due to its size and salinity. Geographical Features Salinity: Lower than seawater but higher than freshwater. Important Rivers: Volga, Ural, and Kura rivers flow into the Caspian Sea. Economic Importance Energy Resources: Rich in oil and natural gas reserves, contributing significantly to regional economies. Fishing Industry: Famous for sturgeon and caviar production. Trade and Transportation: Strategic hub for trade routes connecting Europe and Asia. Environmental Significance Biodiversity: Home to unique species, including the endangered Caspian seal. Environmental Concerns: Pollution from oil exploration, industrial activities, and declining water levels due to climate change. Source: The Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Consider the following statements regarding malaria: Malaria is caused by viruses transmitted through the bites of female Anopheles mosquitoes. People with malaria can spread the disease to others through casual contact, like shaking hands. Malaria parasites can be transmitted through blood transfusions or from mother to child. Which of the above statements is/are correct? 1 and 2 only 3 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2, and 3 Q2.) Consider the following statements about the Caspian Sea: It is the largest enclosed inland water body in the world. The Caspian Sea has a higher salinity level than seawater. The Caspian Sea is a significant hub for global sturgeon production. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only 1 and 3 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2, and 3 Q3.) With reference to the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), consider the following statements: It operates in the visible light spectrum to study the early universe. JWST is stationed at the second Lagrange point (L2), which is approximately 1.5 million kilometers from Earth. It uses a 5-layer sunshield to protect its instruments from heat and light. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2, and 3 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 11th December – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – b Q.3) – a

Dec 12, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 12th December 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

Dec 11, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 11th December 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) OPPOSITION SET TO SUBMIT NOTICE FOR RESOLUTION TO IMPEACH DHANKHAR Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – POLITY Context: In an unprecedented move, about 60 Opposition MPs belonging to the INDIA bloc submitted a notice in New Delhi on Tuesday at the Rajya Sabha Secretary General P.C. Mody’s office, seeking the removal of the Chairperson of the Upper House, Vice President Jagdeep Dhankhar. Background: – Alleging that Mr. Dhankhar, since assuming the office of Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha, had conducted the proceedings in an “extremely biased” manner, the Opposition members also presented a six-point “charge-sheet” against him in the notice. Key takeaways The Vice President of India can be removed from office through a resolution passed by Parliament under Article 67(b) of the Constitution. While often referred to as “impeachment,” the process for the Vice President’s removal is distinct from the impeachment process for the President. Constitutional Provisions Article 63: Establishes the office of the Vice President. Article 64: States that the Vice President is also the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. Article 67(b): Outlines the removal procedure of the Vice President. Procedure for Removal Initiation: The removal resolution must be moved in the Rajya Sabha. The motion must be signed by at least one-fourth of the total members of the Rajya Sabha. Notice Period: A 14-day prior notice is required before the motion is taken up for consideration. Special Majority: The resolution must be passed by a majority of all members of the Rajya Sabha whose seats are not vacant and agreed to by the Lok Sabha through a simple majority (majority of members present and voting). Grounds for Removal The Constitution does not specify the grounds for the removal of the Vice President. It is left to the discretion of Parliament, making the process political rather than judicial. Comparison with Presidential Impeachment Impeachment of the President (Article 61) involves: Judicial Inquiry: Charges of violation of the Constitution. Special Procedure: A more stringent process requiring two-thirds majority in both Houses. In contrast, the removal of the Vice President is simpler and purely a parliamentary procedure. Key Point to Note The process has never been invoked in Indian history, reflecting the stability of the office and its largely ceremonial nature. Source: The Hindu EXTENT OF THE GLOBAL SOLAR Syllabus: Mains – ENVIRONMENT Context: The World Solar Report 2024 by the International Solar Alliance (ISA) was released recently. Background: – From 1.22 GW in 2000, the world’s solar capacity has surged to 1,419 GW in 2023, charting a CAGR of about 36%. Today, solar capacity represents three-quarters of all renewable capacity additions worldwide. What are new solar technologies? Quantum dot solar cells have achieved a record-breaking efficiency of 18.1%. Researchers are creating self-healing solar panels to extend the lifespan and reduce the maintenance of existing solar cell technologies. Solar-powered phyto-mining uses solar energy to power the extraction of valuable metals from soil-using plants, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional mining practices. Solar paver blocks integrated with building infrastructure and BIPV (Building Integrated PV), like transparent solar panels, allow light transmission and visibility. The development of these alternative technologies will reduce reliance on critical materials like lithium and rare earth elements. The solar sector is also prioritising recycling panels and implementing circular economy practices to minimise environmental impact. Have reducing costs helped? The 2024 World Solar Report shows that the average auction prices for utility-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) projects have consistently decreased across all regions. Utility-scale solar PV costs averaged $40/MWh in 2024. India topped the global charts in solar PV capacity granted through auctions, securing a notable auction price of $34/MWh. As of 2023, China dominates solar PV as 43% (609 GW) of the cumulative capacity of solar panels installed globally is from China. The U.S. contributes 10% (137.73 GW). Japan, Germany, and India each captured a 5-6% share. Has solar impacted other industries? Employment in the solar PV sector rose to 7.1 million jobs in 2023, up from 4.9 million in 2022 worldwide, underscoring the sector’s role in job creation and economic development. Solar-powered irrigation systems are transforming agriculture. Agrivoltaics systems are being used in livestock management, with solar panels installed in pastures to provide shade for animals while simultaneously generating electricity. One of the key factors driving the adoption of solar systems has been the introduction of pay-as-you-go business models, allowing users to pay for their systems in small, regular instalments. Technological advancements have made solar energy more affordable, while new applications are further driving adoption. Source: The Hindu UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION (UNCCD) Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – ENVIRONMENT Context: Indigenous peoples of the world have a very important role to play in combating desertification, the 16th Conference of Parties (COP16) to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) recognised in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Background: Other COPs which resulted from the 1992 Earth Summit – United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Convention on Biodiversity – have already recognised indigenous communities’ traditional wisdom. Key takeaways The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) is a global agreement aimed at addressing desertification, land degradation, and drought (DLDD), with a focus on sustainable land management and ecosystem restoration. Established: Adopted in 1994 and came into force in 1996. Objective: To combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought through national action programs (NAPs) that incorporate a bottom-up approach. Secretariat Headquarters: Bonn, Germany. It is one of the Rio Conventions, alongside the UNFCCC (Climate Change) and CBD (Biodiversity), adopted during the Earth Summit in 1992. Focus Areas: Prevention of desertification in drylands (arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas). Land degradation neutrality (LDN). Community participation and sustainable land management practices. Binding Treaty: It is the only legally binding international agreement linking environment, development, and land management. Strategic Framework: Current framework (2018–2030) aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 15.3, which targets achieving a land degradation-neutral world. India and UNCCD India ratified the convention in 1996. Hosted the 14th Conference of Parties (COP 14) in September 2019 in New Delhi. Indian Initiatives aligned with UNCCD: Desertification and Land Degradation Atlas (2021): Maps degradation across states. National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) and National Afforestation Programme. Source: Down To Earth SUBRAMANIA BHARATI Syllabus: Prelims – HISTORY Context: A complete and annotated version of the works of C. Subramania Bharati will be released by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Background: – The release will be the first time that the writings of Mr. Bharati, a prominent leader of the Independence movement and a prolific writer and poet, are compiled in one place. Mr. Bharati’s writings were nationalised by the Madras government in 1949, a rare honour. Key takeaways Subramania Bharati, also known as Bharathiyar, was a renowned Indian writer, poet, journalist, teacher, Indian independence activist, social reformer, and polyglot. Early Life: Birth: Born on December 11, 1882, in Ettayapuram, Tirunelveli district, Madras Presidency (present-day Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu). Education: Bharati had his early education in Tirunelveli and later lived in Varanasi, where he was exposed to Hindu theology and new languages. He considered Sister Nivedita, a disciple of Swami Vivekananda, as his guru. Career and Contributions: Journalism: Bharati worked as a journalist with several newspapers, including Swadesamitran, The Hindu, Bala Bharata, Vijaya, Chakravarthini, and India. He belonged to the Extremist wing of the Indian National Congress. Exile: In 1908, the British Government issued an arrest warrant for Bharati, leading him to live in exile in the French-controlled Pondicherry for about ten years until 1918. Literary Works: Bharati was a pioneer of modern Tamil poetry and wrote extensively on political, social, and spiritual themes. Some of his notable works include Panjali Sabatham, Kannan Paatu, Kuyil Paatu, Paapa Paatu, Chinnanchriu Kiliye, Vinayagar Nanmanimalai, and Tamil translations of Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra and Bhagavat Gita. Social Reforms: Women’s Emancipation: Bharati fought for the emancipation of women and opposed child marriage. Caste System: He opposed the caste system and advocated for social reforms. Religious Reforms: Bharati promoted reforms in society and religion, emphasizing the importance of unity and equality. Source: The Hindu AMRIT GYAAN KOSH PORTAL Syllabus: Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh launched “Amrit Gyaan Kosh” Portal to strengthen governance training. Background: – The Minister underscored the importance of Amrit Gyaan Kosh as more than a repository—it is a platform to promote self-reliance in governance training. Key takeaways The Amrit Gyaan Kosh portal is a comprehensive repository designed to strengthen governance training and capacity building for public administrators in India. Development: It is jointly developed by the Capacity Building Commission and Karmayogi Bharat. Platform: The portal is hosted on the iGOT (Integrated Government Online Training) platform. Purpose: Governance Training: The primary aim is to enhance governance training by providing a repository of best practices and case studies. Self-Reliance: It promotes self-reliance in governance training by offering indigenous resources. Global Standards: The resources align with global standards while addressing India’s unique administrative challenges. Content: Case Studies: The portal features case studies that bridge the gap between theory and practice in governance training. Teaching Notes: It includes teaching notes to help educators develop structured case studies and enhance their teaching methods. Policy Themes: The repository covers diverse policy themes such as health, education, agriculture, and digital governance. Significance: Sustainable Development Goals: The portal aligns with 15 of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Collaboration: It fosters collaboration and innovation across academies and sectors. Transformative Outcomes: The initiative aims to empower educators and public administrators with advanced skills in case writing and teaching methodologies. Source: PIB Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Which of the following statements about the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) is correct? It is a legally binding international agreement addressing desertification and land degradation. The secretariat of UNCCD is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. India hosted the 14th Conference of Parties (COP14) of the UNCCD. UNCCD was adopted during the Stockholm Conference in 1972. Options: (a) 1, 3, and 4 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 only Q2.) Subramania Bharati is known for which of the following contributions to India’s freedom struggle and social reform? Advocating for the abolition of untouchability and caste discrimination. Leading the Moderates in the Indian National Congress. Writing nationalist poetry in Tamil to inspire the masses. Opposing child marriage and advocating women’s rights. Options: (a) 1, 2, and 4 only (b) 1, 3, and 4 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1 and 4 only Q3.) What is the primary objective of the Amrit Gyaan Kosh Portal recently launched by the Government of India? (a) To document case studies for governance training. (b) To provide employment opportunities to rural youth. (c) To facilitate research on space technology in India. (d) To promote sustainable agricultural practices. Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 10th December – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – d Q.2) – a Q.3) – a

Dec 11, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 11th December 2024

Dec 10, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 10th December 2024

Dec 10, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 10th December 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) DIGITAL AGRICULTURE MISSION Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: Gujarat became the first State in the country to generate Farmer IDs for 25% of the targeted number of farmers in the State. The Farmer ID is part of Digital Agriculture Mission. Background: – A Farmer ID is a unique digital identity of farmers based on Aadhaar, linked dynamically to the State’s land records system, which means the Farmer ID gets automatically updated with the changes in the land record details of an individual farmer. Key provisions of the Copyright Act The Digital Agriculture Mission is designed as an umbrella scheme to support various digital agriculture initiatives. These include creating Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI), implementing the Digital General Crop Estimation Survey (DGCES), and supporting IT initiatives by the Central Government, State Governments, and Academic and Research Institutions. The scheme is built on two foundational pillars: Agri Stack Krishi Decision Support System. Additionally, the mission includes ‘Soil Profile Mapping’ and aims to enable farmer-centric digital services to provide timely and reliable information for the agriculture sector. AgriStack: Kisan ki Pehchaan AgriStack is designed as a farmer-centric Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) to streamline services and scheme delivery to farmers. It comprises three key components: 1. Farmers’ Registry 2. Geo-referenced village maps 3. Crop Sown Registry A crucial feature of AgriStack is the introduction of a ‘Farmer ID’, similar to Aadhaar card, serving as a trusted digital identity for farmers. Krishi Decision Support System The Krishi Decision Support System (DSS) will integrate remote sensing data on crops, soil, weather, and water resources into a comprehensive geospatial system. Soil Profile Mapping Under the mission, detailed soil profile maps on a 1:10,000 scale for approximately 142 million hectares of agricultural land have been envisaged, with 29 million hectares of soil profile inventory already being mapped. The Digital Agriculture Mission focuses on grassroots implementation, targeting farmers as the primary beneficiaries. Some of the key benefits of the mission include: Digital authentication for accessing services and benefits, reducing paperwork and the need for physical visits. Enhanced efficiency and transparency in government schemes, crop insurance, and loan systems through accurate data on crop area and yield. Crop map generation and monitoring for better disaster response and insurance claims. Development of digital infrastructure to optimize value chains and provide tailored advisory services for crop planning, health, pest management, and irrigation. Source: PIB MARKHOR Syllabus: Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: A male markhor, one of the most elusive large mammals in India, was rescued by wildlife authorities after straying into Noorkhah village near Baramulla in north Kashmir. Background: – The village, located close to the Kazinag National Park and the Line of Control, forms part of the species. Key takeaways The Markhor (Capra falconeri) is a large wild goat species native to the mountainous regions of South Asia and Central Asia, particularly in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and parts of India (Jammu and Kashmir). Conservation Status: Listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List since 2015. CITES: Listed under Appendix I, prohibiting international trade of the species. National Animal: The national animal of Pakistan, where it is also known as the “screw-horned goat” due to its distinctive corkscrew-shaped horns. Etymology: The name “Markhor” comes from the Pashto and Persian words meaning “snake-eater,” referencing an ancient belief that the Markhor would consume snakes. Physical Characteristics: Horns: Both males and females have tightly curled, corkscrew-like horns, with males’ horns growing up to 160 cm (63 in) long. Coat: The coat is grizzled, light brown to black in color, and varies in length and thickness with the seasons. Habitat: Elevation: They inhabit mountainous terrain between 600 and 3,600 meters (2,000 and 11,800 feet) in elevation. Environment: They are typically found in shrub forests with oaks, pines, and junipers. Behavior: Activity: Diurnal, with peak activity in the early morning and late afternoon. Diet: Herbivorous, grazing on grasses in spring and summer, and browsing on leaves and shoots in winter. Reproduction: Mating season occurs in winter, with males engaging in horn-locking fights to establish dominance. Threats: Habitat Loss: Deforestation and land conversion for agriculture. Illegal Wildlife Trade: Poaching for meat and prized horns. Predation: Natural predators include snow leopards, brown bears, lynxes, jackals, and golden eagle. Source: Times of India LONAR LAKE Syllabus: Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: The Maharashtra government plans to submit a proposal to the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) to include the famous Lonar Lake in Buldhana district in the Unesco World Heritage Sites list. Background: After reaching ASI, the proposal will undergo a detailed review before being submitted to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation. If accepted, Lonar Lake will become India’s 41st Unesco World Heritage Site, alongside iconic places like the Ajanta and Ellora Caves, Elephanta Caves, and Mumbai’s Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus. Key takeaways Lonar Lake is a geological and ecological marvel located in the Buldhana district of Maharashtra. Formation: Lonar Lake is a meteor crater lake formed approximately 50,000 years ago by a high-velocity meteor impact. Geological Significance: It is one of only four known hyper-velocity impact craters in basaltic rock on Earth. The other three basaltic impact structures are in southern Brazil. It is a notified National Geo-heritage Monument. National Geological Monuments are geographical areas of national importance and heritage, as notified by Geological Survey of India (GSI), for their maintenance, protection, promotion and enhancement of geotourism. Dimensions: The lake has a diameter of 1.2 kilometers (3,900 feet) and a depth of 150 meters (490 feet). Physical Characteristics: Water Composition: The lake’s water is both saline and alkaline, making it unique. It is seven times saltier than seawater. Color Variations: The lake’s color changes from green to pink depending on the season and water conditions, caused by microorganisms thriving in its saline and alkaline environment. Ramsar Site: Declared a Ramsar Wetland in November 2020, highlighting its ecological importance. Cultural Significance: Temples: The lake is surrounded by over 15 ancient temples, some dating back 1,200 years. The most significant temple is the Daitya Sudan temple, dedicated to Lord Vishnu. Local Legends: A popular local legend attributes the lake’s formation to the mythical demon Lonasura, who was vanquished by Lord Vishnu. Source: Business Standard THE PLACE OF CHARITY IN AN UNEQUAL SOCIETY Syllabus: Mains – GS 2, GS 3 & GS 4 Context: Warren Buffet has given away an amount of almost 52 billion dollars to charities. While such a move is commendable, one must also question the processes generating the concentration of such wealth in the first place, regardless of whether it is to be used for philanthropy or not Background: – Mr. Buffet believes that wealth should be used to equalise opportunities, that the luck that favoured certain individuals and helped them get rich should be extended after one’s death in order to help those less fortunate. Critics argue that distribution of private wealth through charity may help to equalise well-being between individuals, but the process by which this wealth was generated and concentrated has led to the differences in opportunities in the first place. Key takeaways Mr. Buffet’s ideas can be seen in the context of a philosophical idea called “luck egalitarianism”, which states that no-one should have to suffer the consequences of inequality owing to bad luck or adverse situations. Mr. Buffet credits much of his fortune to fortuitous circumstances, such as being born as a white male in the U.S. Some might accuse Mr. Buffet of false modesty, claiming that his fortune has been generated through his own efforts and his understanding of markets. But there is truth in what he says. A significant factor driving global inequality is the differences in income between countries. Where one is born determines how wealthy one might be relative to the global population. In the developed world, wealth distribution was largely equal during the post World War II. Widespread deregulation and a turn towards neo-liberal economics saw an explosion of inequality from the 1980s onwards, with the ‘trickle-down’ economics of Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher leading to the concentration of gains for few. In India as well, the liberalisation of the economy may have led to faster growth, but has dramatically increased inequality and skewed the distribution of opportunities. Differences in opportunities are not merely a question of luck, but of specific policy choices and interventions. Examples: Bill Gates and Jeff Bezos benefited from monopolistic markets. Amazon workers faced stagnant wages despite the company’s profits. The Role of Philanthropy: While philanthropy can be a powerful tool for social change, it is essential to critically examine its limitations and potential drawbacks: Band-Aid Solution: Philanthropy often addresses the symptoms of inequality rather than the root causes. It may alleviate suffering in the short term but fails to challenge the underlying systemic issues that perpetuate poverty and injustice. Dependency Culture: Excessive reliance on philanthropy can weaken the role of the state in providing essential social services and can create a dependency culture. Elite Capture: Philanthropic efforts can be influenced by the values and priorities of wealthy donors, potentially leading to a narrow focus on specific issues or causes. The Need for Systemic Change: To address the root causes of inequality, a more comprehensive approach is required: Progressive Taxation: Implementing progressive tax policies can help redistribute wealth and fund public services. Strong Labor Unions: Empowering workers through strong labor unions can help ensure fair wages and working conditions. Regulation of Financial Markets: Stricter regulation of financial markets can prevent excessive wealth accumulation and reduce systemic risk. Investment in Public Goods: Investing in public education, healthcare, and infrastructure can create opportunities for all and reduce inequality. In conclusion, while philanthropy can be a valuable tool, it should not be seen as a substitute for systemic change. To truly address the challenges of inequality, a combination of public policy, social activism, and individual responsibility is necessary. Source: The Hindu HEDGE AGAINST DOLLAR RELIANCE Syllabus: Mains – ECONOMY Context: Reserve Bank of India Governor Shaktikanta Das said recently that India is not pursuing “de-dollarisation”, and that recent measures promoting transactions in domestic currencies are intended to de-risk Indian trade. Background: – The clarification came days after Donald Trump threatened “100 per cent tariffs” against BRICS countries if they sought to reduce reliance on the US dollar in international trade. Key takeaways A key reason India is not backing de-dollarisation is the rise of the Chinese yuan as a challenger to the US dollar. India has resisted using the yuan for Russian oil imports, even as the acceptance of the currency is growing in Russia. At the same time, India is wary of over-dependence on the dollar. The RBI has increased gold purchases in recent times. Why are central banks on a gold-buying spree? Central banks have increased their gold holdings sharply so as to diversify away from a dollar-dominated financial system. The Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves (COFER) of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) shows a gradual decline in the share of the dollar in central bank and government foreign reserves. The gains of the yuan, especially, “match a quarter of the decline in the dollar’s share”, the IMF said. How does the high cost of holding dollars play out in this scenario? Depleting dollar reserves amid surging oil prices has recently caused considerable social and political unrest in India’s neighbourhood. Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan witnessed sharp declines in their dollar reserves following the Ukraine war, which upset their trade relations with India. While India has managed to keep a robust reserve, the surging value of the dollar has become a concern. India is pushing for trade with Russia and the UAE in domestic currencies that could help cut reliance on the US dollar. However, the domestic currency trade has not yet picked up as expected because of India’s low foothold in goods and services trade internationally. India’s efforts toward internationalising the rupee could get a boost if oil exporters begin accepting rupee payments. But they have remained hesitant due to the high transaction costs. A reason for the rise of the yuan has been its use in purchasing Russian oil. As China and Russia have a bilateral trade balance, both countries have been able to reduce reliance on the US dollar by successfully trading in domestic currency. India has a bilateral trade deficit with most countries except the US. Source: Indian Express Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Which of the following statements regarding the Digital Agriculture Mission is/are correct? The Digital Agriculture Mission is designed as an umbrella scheme to support various digital agriculture initiatives. It includes the creation of a Farmer ID linked to Aadhaar and the land records system of the state. The Krishi Decision Support System integrates data on crops, soil, weather, and water resources. Options: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Q2.) Consider the following statements regarding Lonar Lake: It is a meteor impact crater formed in basaltic rock. The lake has saline and alkaline water and is listed as a Ramsar Wetland. Lonar Lake is already included in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list. Options: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Q3.) Which of the following statements about Markhor is/are correct? It is listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List. It is native to the mountainous regions of South Asia, including India’s Jammu and Kashmir. They are strictly nocturnal. Options: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 9th December – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – c Q.3) – d

Dec 10, 2024 Important Articles

[Register Now] PEP RiG: Your Ultimate UPSC Prelims Preparation ProgramProgram

Dear Students, Are you ready to crack the UPSC Prelims with confidence? We are excited to introduce an exclusive initiative tailored for aspirants determined to conquer the UPSC Prelims—one day at a time! Introducing PEP RiG (Rigorous Intensive Group)—a meticulously designed program to sharpen your skills and build consistency with a structured multi-level test series: Here’s what makes PEP RiG a game-changer: Comprehensive Coverage 79 Daily Tests (25 questions each): Targeted practice based on NCERTs and PYQs for consistent progress. 24 Current Affairs Tests (50 questions each): Covers May 2024 to April 2025, ensuring you're up-to-date with key events. 10 Module-wise Revision Tests (100 questions each): Special focus on high-priority topics like Mapping, Economic Survey & Budget, and Government Schemes. Simulated Practice for the Real Exam 5 GS Full Mock Tests (100 questions each): Perfect simulation of the UPSC Prelims exam. 10 CSAT Full Mock Tests (80 questions each): Master CSAT with rigorous practice. Unmatched Value Solve 5500 high-quality MCQs meticulously crafted to match UPSC standards. Get all this at an unbeatable price—and here’s the kicker: you can even access it for FREE! (Based on the Scholarship Test) Don’t miss this opportunity—Register Now: Click Here All the best! Team IASbaba

Dec 9, 2024 Important Articles

[RESULTS] UPSC Civil Services MAINS Examination 2024 Results Announced!

Dear Students UPSC has announced UPSC Civil Services Mains Examination 2024 Results. We congratulate all the aspirants who have cleared the Mains Exam and wish you the best for UPSC CSE Exam – Personality Test. DOWNLOAD MAINS WRITTEN RESULT – CLICK HERE DOWNLOAD MAINS WRITTEN RESULT (NAME-WISE) – CLICK HERE IASbaba’ INTERVIEW MENTORSHIP PROGRAMME (IMP) IASbaba’s Interview Mentorship Programme (IMP) is the most comprehensive initiative for the personality test. The program has helped many previous year rankers to qualify for the Civil Services Exam. We have designed IMP in such a way that it is not just a ritual that has to be done by the aspirants but personal attention will be given to each and every candidate and guidance will be provided according to the individual needs of the candidates. Following the feedback of the toppers is a testimony of that. To Know More about ‘INTERVIEW MENTORSHIP PROGRAM’ – CLICK HERE Those who are interested in the IMP Programme, please fill out the Registration Form below: REGISTRATION FORM – CLICK HERE IMPORTANT NOTE: Students, who have filled the Registration Form, can use the DISCUSSION ROOMS at Bengaluru & Delhi Centres. The Discussion Rooms will be specially reserved for interview purposes. Also, to make the discussion more streamlined, a mentor will oversee the discussions. For further queries with regard to the interview, you can mail us at support@iasbaba.com or call us on 91691 91888 (10 am to 5:30 pm). All the Best IASbaba Team

Dec 9, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 9th December 2024

Dec 9, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 9th December 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) COPYRIGHT ACT Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: Recently, Dhanush sent a legal notice to Nayanthara, demanding Rs. 10 crore for allegedly infringing the copyright over a movie. Background: – The Copyright Act, 1957 is a comprehensive legal framework in India that governs copyright protection and enforcement. The Act has been amended multiple times, with significant amendments in 1983, 1984, 1992, 1994, 1999, and 2012. Key provisions of the Copyright Act Copyright grants exclusive rights to the creator of original works such as literary, artistic, musical, or dramatic works, including films, computer programs, and sound recordings. The Act provides the owner with economic and moral rights: Economic Rights: Right to reproduce, distribute, communicate to the public, and adapt the work. Moral Rights: Right to claim authorship and object to distortion or mutilation of the work. Duration of Copyright Protection: Literary, Artistic, Dramatic, and Musical Works: Life of the author + 60 years. Cinematograph Films, Sound Recordings, and Anonymous Works: 60 years from the year of publication. The law provides protection to the transformative work which is a creative/ artistic work that takes existing material (text, music, art) and significantly modifies, reinterprets, or builds upon it to create something new and distinct. For example, the comedy group AIB’s 2015 spoof video ‘Every Bollywood Party song’ starring the late actor Irrfan, was a parody of rapper Yo Yo Honey Singh’s ‘Party all night’, and it would not amount to infringement as it can be termed as inspired work. According to the copyright law, no exclusive intellectual property rights apply to creative works in the public domain. So, the Old Testament and New Testament, or the King James Version (KJV) of the Bible, one of the most widely used translations of the Bible, are not protected by copyright. Similarly, the Ramayana and Mahabharata are not protected by copyright, but the television series Ramayana created by Ramanand Sagar or B R Chopra’s Mahabharata are “transformative works” that are protected. Copyright infringement: A copyrighted work will be considered “infringed” only if a substantial part is made use of without authorisation. Section 52 lists acts that don’t constitute infringement, even in cases where one has a copyright over the work. Section 52(1)(a) exempts “a fair dealing with any work” from being termed “infringement” if it’s for private or personal use, like research, criticism or review, or reporting of current events and affairs. Source: Indian Express MARBURG VIRUS DISEASE (MVD) Syllabus: Prelims – SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: The World Health Organisation (WHO) has issued a warning for the Marburg virus disease. Background: – An outbreak of deadly Marburg virus disease (MVD), often referred to as the ‘bleeding eye virus’, has killed at least 15 people, and infected at least 66 in Rwanda. Key takeaways The Marburg virus is a highly infectious pathogen that causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates. Causative Agents: The Marburg virus (MARV) and Ravn virus (RAVV) are the causative agents of Marburg virus disease (MVD). Family: Both viruses belong to the Filoviridae family, which also includes the Ebola virus. First Detection: The virus was first identified in 1967 in Marburg and Frankfurt, Germany, and in Belgrade, Serbia, during laboratory work with African green monkeys imported from Uganda. Transmission: Natural Host: The natural host of the Marburg virus is the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus). Animal to Human: Direct contact with bat feces, saliva, or tissues of infected animals. Human-to-Human Transmission: The virus spreads among humans through direct contact with the blood, secretions, organs, or other bodily fluids of infected individuals. High-Risk Activities: Transmission can occur through close contact with infected individuals, contaminated objects, and during burial ceremonies involving direct contact with the body of the deceased. Symptoms: Initial Symptoms: High fever, severe headache, chills, muscle aches, and a rash with flat and raised bumps. Severe Symptoms: As the disease progresses, symptoms can include liver failure, delirium, shock, bleeding (hemorrhaging), and multi-organ dysfunction. Fatality Rate: The average case fatality rate is around 50%, but it can vary from 24% to 88% depending on the virus strain and case management. Diagnosis and Treatment: Diagnosis: MVD is diagnosed through blood tests such as ELISA or RT-PCR. Treatment: There is no specific antiviral treatment for MVD. Supportive care, including rehydration therapy and symptomatic management, improves survival. Preventive Measures: Preventive measures include avoiding contact with bats in mines or caves, using protective clothing, and isolating infected individuals. Source: Hindustan Times PM SURYA GHAR MUFT BIJLI YOJANA Syllabus: Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: Around 1.45 crore registrations have been made under the PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana and 6.34 lakh installations completed, Parliament was informed recently. Background: As per official data, Gujarat has seen the maximum solar installations under the scheme at 2,86,545, followed by Maharashtra with 1,26,344 installations and Uttar Pradesh at 53,423. Key takeaways The PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana is a Central Sector Scheme. Launch Date: February 15, 2024. Objective: PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana targets to achieve 1 crore rooftop solar installations in residential sector by FY27 with an outlay of Rs 75,021 crore. Key Features: Subsidy: The scheme offers a subsidy of 60% for systems up to 2 kW capacity and 40% for systems between 2 to 3 kW capacity. Free Electricity: Eligible households will receive up to 300 units of free electricity every month. Eligibility: Indian citizens who own a house with a suitable roof and have a valid electricity connection. Application Process: Interested households can register on the national portal, select their state and electricity distribution company, and apply for the rooftop solar system. Benefits: Financial Relief: Reduces electricity costs for households. Sustainable Energy: Promotes the use of renewable energy and reduces carbon emissions. Energy Independence: Enhances energy security by reducing reliance on traditional power sources. Model Solar Village Under the “Model Solar Village” component of the scheme, the focus is on establishing one Model Solar Village per district throughout India. This initiative aims to promote solar energy adoption and empower village communities to achieve energy self-reliance. An allocation of ₹800 crore has been designated for this component, with ₹1 crore provided to each selected Model Solar Village. To qualify as a candidate village, it must be a revenue village with a population of over 5,000 (or 2,000 in special category states). Villages are selected through a competitive process. Source: Economic Times SYRIA Syllabus: Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: Syrian rebels declared President Bashar al-Assad’s ouster after seizing control of Damascus on Sunday (December 8, 2024), ending his family’s iron-fisted rule after more than 13 years of civil war in a seismic moment for West Asia. Background: – The Islamist rebels also dealt a major blow to the influence of Russia and Iran in the region, key allies who propped up Assad during critical moments in the civil war. Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), which spearheaded the rebel advances, was formerly an al Qaeda affiliate known as the Nusra Front until its leader Abu Mohammed al-Golani, severed ties with the global jihadist movement in 2016. HTS is Syria’s strongest rebel group and some Syrians remain fearful it will impose draconian Islamist rule. Key takeaways Syria is a country located in West Asia, in the region known as the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. Location: Bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east and southeast, Jordan to the south, and Israel and Lebanon to the southwest. Capital: Damascus, which is also the largest city. History: Ottoman Rule: The region was part of the Ottoman Empire until the end of World War I. French Mandate: After World War I, Syria came under French mandate until it gained independence in 1946. Modern State: The modern Syrian state was established in the mid-20th century, with Damascus as its capital. Culture and Religion: Ethnic Groups: The population is predominantly Arab, with significant Kurdish, Armenian, Assyrian, and other minority groups. Religion: The majority of the population follows Islam (87%), with Sunni Islam being the largest group (74%), followed by Alawism and other Shia Islam (13%), and Christianity (10%). Cultural Significance: Cities like Damascus and Aleppo hold great cultural significance, with Damascus being the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate during Islamic rule. Economy: GDP: The GDP (PPP) is approximately $50.28 billion, with a per capita GDP of around $2,900. Currency: Syrian pound (SYP). Economic Challenges: The ongoing conflict has severely impacted the economy, leading to significant challenges in infrastructure and development. Source: The Hindu MULEHUNTER.AI Syllabus: Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: The RBI recently asked banks to collaborate with its initiative MuleHunter.AI to weed out mule accounts which are used to commit financial fraud. Background: – RBI has been taking various measures in coordination with banks and other stakeholders to prevent and mitigate digital fraud in the financial sector. Key takeaways MuleHunter.ai is an advanced artificial intelligence tool developed by the Reserve Bank Innovation Hub (RBIH) to combat financial fraud, particularly focusing on detecting and flagging mule accounts. The Reserve Bank Innovation Hub (RBIH) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), established to foster innovation and technology in the financial sector Purpose of MuleHunter.AI : To detect and prevent the misuse of mule accounts for money laundering and other illicit financial activities. Key Features: AI/ML-Based Detection: Utilizes artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms to analyze transaction data and account details. Pattern Recognition: Identifies patterns of mule account behavior with greater precision and speed compared to traditional rule-based systems. Near-Real-Time Monitoring: Provides near-real-time monitoring of accounts to quickly detect suspicious activities. What is a mule bank account? A mule account is a bank account that is used by criminals for illegal activities, including the laundering of illicit funds. A mule account is typically bought over by the criminals from their original users, individuals who are often from lower income groups, or have low levels of technical literacy. The related term “money mule” is used to describe the innocent victims who are used by the criminals to launder stolen or illegal money via their bank accounts. When such incidents are reported, the money mule becomes the target of police investigations, while the actual criminals remain undetectable. Source: Business Standard Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) With reference to MuleHunter.AI, which of the following statements is/are correct? (Type: True/False style question) MuleHunter.AI is an initiative by the Reserve Bank Innovation Hub to detect and prevent financial fraud. It relies exclusively on Aadhar database to detect mule account behavior. Mule accounts are primarily used for illegal activities like money laundering. Select the correct answer using the code given below: A. 1 and 2 only B. 1 and 3 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2, and 3 Q2.) Which of the following states has seen the highest number of solar rooftop installations under the PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana, as of recent data? Maharashtra B. Uttar Pradesh C. Gujarat D. Rajasthan Q3.) Consider the following statements about Syria: Syria is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the west and Iraq to the east. Damascus, the capital of Syria, is the largest city in the country. The Euphrates River flows through Syria, playing a significant role in its agriculture. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 and 2 only B. 1 and 3 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2, and 3 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 7th December – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – c Q.2) – b Q.3) – d

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