Aug 10, 2021 TLP Mains Answer Writing

SYNOPSIS [9th August,2021] Day 151: IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 1): UPSC Mains Answer Writing (General Studies)

For Previous TLP (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE SYNOPSIS [9th August,2021] Day 151: IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 1): UPSC Mains Answer Writing (General Studies)   1. What are your views on the provisions of compulsory retirements for civil servants under 56J? Don’t you think such provisions affect the morale of bureaucracy? Critically comment.  Approach  Introduce the issue with what is Fundamental rules of service and contextualise to demand of the question that is 56J.In next part start by giving examples of how recently there has been increased use of this provision.In next part write benefits of the compulsory retirement and then write what may be its drawbacks which might hurt morale of civil servants.In conclusion take a balanced stand on necessity of such provisions in light of safeguards in constitution. Introduction: According to Rule 56J of fundamental rules for civil services, the government shall have absolute right to retire any government servant (in public interest). Though this provision existed, but still the usage was minimal. However, the present government has evoked 56J to retire many civil servants has sparked off a debate on its utility in inducing efficiency and effects on morale of civil services. Body  Rule 56J and recent scenario: The Rule 56(J) of Central Civil Services (Pension) Rules, 1972 provides for periodical review of the performance of government servants with a view to ascertain whether they should be retained in service or retired in public interest.  Under 56 (j), the performance of an officer who has turned 50 or 55 or has completed 30 years of service (whichever is earlier,) is being reviewed to ascertain if he/she is liable for compulsory retirement. In 2019, The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) has compulsorily retired 15 more senior tax officers on corruption and other charges under Fundamental Rule 56(J) of the Central Civil Services (Pension) Rules. This was the fourth round of sacking of corrupt tax officials. In the previous three rounds, 49 high ranking tax officers, including 12 from the CBDT, were compulsorily retired.  The action was in line with PM Modi's address to the nation from the Red Fort when he had said some black sheep in the tax administration may have misused their powers and harassed taxpayers, either by targeting honest assesses or taking excessive action for minor or procedural violations. There are ample protection in constitution under article 311 and with institutions such as CAT  and courts to protect the honest officers. Benefits of invoking Rule 56 J for better governance: For better administration, it is necessary to remove government servant who promotes the culture of corruption and unethical practices. Such moves would ensure efficient and effective work by other civil servant who is more vulnerable to corruption. This provision is not treated as punishment under Article 31 of Indian constitution (Supreme Court in Umedbhai Patel Vs. State of Gujarat 2003 case upheld this).  Government employees whose integrity is doubtful, should be retired as they may be threat to the security of India as well as they may cause loss to exchequer. Government employees who are found to be ineffective if retired will send a strong signal to cadre and new civil servants to either perform or get out of the way of the growth of the nation. Therefore these measures are necessary to impose accountability, ensure public trust and in the public interest of the nation.This will have check on corrupt practices and motivate the honest officers to stick to their ethical standards and promote competence in services. Drawbacks of Compulsory retirement policy :Effect on morale of officers Such measure can be used to do away with the officers who do not align with the political parties in power and may be used to promote spoils system in appointments at important positions such as taxation, environment, law and justice etc. This may lead to uncertainty in tenure in the mind of civil servants which may make them nervous in making key decisions which may lead to policy stagnation. When Honest officers are wrongfully punished, this leads to inefficiency and demotivation for others in the department.  This may lead  a civil servant to  blindly support every decision of the government of the day, thereby compromising on foundational values of civil services. Bureaucrats may lack the courage to make right choices if there is compulsory retirement without due procedures. The compulsory retirement may lead to fear in mind of bureaucracy to take decisions, make them subservient to political leaders rather than the constitution and affect the public interest at large. Conclusion The Constitution of India through Article 311, protects and safeguards the rights of civil servants in government service against arbitrary dismissal, removal and reduction in rank. Such protection enables the civil servants to discharge their functions boldly, efficiently and effectively. But the public interest and security of India is given predominance over the rights of employees. So conviction for criminal offence, impracticability and inexpediency in the interest of the security of the State are recognised as exceptions. The judiciary has given necessary guidelines and clarifications to supplement the law in Article 311. 2. Examine the provisions that safeguard various constitutional posts from executive interference.  Approach  Define in introduction what is meant by constitutional posts and give examples to substantiate.In next part write what are the various safeguards with help of examples.In next part mention limitations present in ensuring independence of constitutional posts especially in majority government.In conclusion write a reform orientated way to overcome these limitations. Introduction Those bodies and posts whose formation is prescribed by the Indian Constitution itself are known as Constitutional Bodies.They derive their powers and authority from the Indian Constitution. These are some of the important constitutional bodies with important constitutional posts such as Union Public Service Commission (UPSC), State Public Service Commission, Joint State Public Service Commission ,The Comptroller and Auditor General of India, Election Commission of India, Finance Commission of India, National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC), National Commission For Scheduled Tribe, The President, The Chief Justice of India, Governor etc. Body Safeguards provided to the constitutional posts and bodies : Appointment & Tenure: Constitutional posts like EC, CAG, Chairman of UPSC etc are appointed by the President of India and has a fixed tenure. Eg The Chief Election Commissioner is appointed for a period of 6 years or upto 65 years of age, whichever is earlier. Salary and Allowances: The salary and pension are charged upon Consolidated fund of India(CFI), which can not be changed after their appointment. Moreover, fund from CFI is not subjected to vote in the parliament. Further the service conditions cannot be changed adversely after their appointment. Removal: Most of the constitutional post have stringent rules and procedure in the Constitution for their removal. It is not done on the whims and fancy of the Executive.For example to remove a chief justice of India or any high court there is a three layer procedure and its effectiveness can be gauged from the fact that no High court or Supreme Court has been removed till now after Independence  Autonomy: The constitutional post holders are independent in their domain and do not need to take orders from executives for their functioning ,this keeps them independent and without undue pressure.For example, Appointment of judges is done by collegium, CAG prepares its audit reports independently. Reappointment: to maintain the independency of the post there is no reappointment for most of the office of Constitutional posts. Example: No second term to the office of CAG, UPSC chairman etc. Check on executive: Constitutional posts such as President and Governors act as check on executive if they do not perform their duties as per the constitutional mandate.For example various veto powers with President and Governor ensures effective check on government of the day. Staff : Institutions such as CAG, Supreme Court, High Court are  given their own officers and staff to perform their duties independently without any interference from the executives. Therefore the constitution and statutory laws have ensured that the various constitutional posts are independent from the interference of  the executive.This is then upheld by the judiciary system of India. Limitations which hinder independence of constitutional bodies : There is no qualification prescribed for appointment of election commissioners which gives ample discretion to government to appoint officers of their choice.Further the commissioner’s are not debarred from future employment with government. UPSC is not consulted in appointment which are less than one year which might lead to appointment of Political affiliations.Further the role of UPSC has been reduced by the statutory body such as CVC. The recommendations of Finance commission is only advisory in nature.Further the government itself determines the terms of reference which limits the working of finance commission independently. CAG in India is just the auditor and the role of comptroller has still not been given to him.Further the executive have control on which report to table in parliament and when.Also appointment is made by government without any independent committee. The attorney general acts as agent of government rather than defender of constitution as he is appointed by the executive and works at pleasure of government. The. National commission of Scheduled tribes and Scheduled Castes are not provided independent funds and officers for their functioning which affects their effectiveness. The judges are appointed to posts of governor, nominated to Rajyasabha and other posts which raises doubts of their integrity and control of executive on them. Conclusion  The constitutional bodies were designed to serve as effective safeguards against the arbitrary powers of government and to serve as check on executive.Recently however there have been doubts raised on the functioning of constitutional bodies ,especially with single party dominance as seen in 1970s and after 2014.Therefore its time to revisit some of the provisions trough a independent commission to ensure that they serve the constitutional role to safeguard the public interest and welfare rather than be subservient to the government of the day. 3. Should Delhi be granted full statehood? Share your views.   Approach  Mention in introduction shat is the status of Delhi is while gamut of federation of India.In next part mention what are the necessary reasons for Delhi to attain full state hood.In next part write what factors doesn’t make it a viable option to give Delhi state hood.Write a way forward to suggest middle path Introduction Delhi is the union territory which is governed by special constitutional provisions other than which are applicable to the states.Though Delhi has its own legislature and government ,it is not totally in control of its administration as the 69th  amendment and article 239AA restricts powers on land, police and public order.In recent times there has been demand to accord full statehood to Delhi which has created frictions between government of union territory and the central government. Body Benefits which might accrue with statehood to Delhi :  Delhi Development Authority (DDA): The Delhi government has no say over the affairs of DDA. This hinders the effective allocation, use of land and implementing welfare schemes.For example it has no say on regularising colonies or to approve land for important projects. Police: Due to absence of control over the police force, the Delhi government faces problem in proper maintenance of law and order in the state.For example the recent riots in Northeast Delhi, violence in JNU etc could be controlled more proactively and accountability can be ensured. Municipal Corporation of Delhi: Government of Delhi has no control over the MCD. The government is of the opinion that it hinders in implementing development measures. Role of LG:The role and power of LG and Delhi government’s Council of Ministers has always been an area of contestation.The LG has often been accused of delays and disruptions in the work of the elected government Delhi Cadre in UPSC:The ever increasing population and diverse nature of Delhi necessitates a cadre of its own which would not be subjected to frequent transfers Smooth functioning: Better coordination and quicker decision making and interconnectedness on the political and bureaucratic fronts. Strengthens the democracy and prevents confusion and multiplicity of authorities on specific domains and prevents repetitive decision making. Important domains like law and order, police, etc. are outside the purview of state government making it difficult to deal with matters like riots, etc.  Arguments against statehood:  Critical infrastructure: Being the national capital, Delhi hosts various critical infrastructures such as parliament, presidential estates, and embassies.  Maintenance of these is extremely important and cannot be handed over to a different entity Administration: Granting statehood might lead to various administrative problems especially in law and order which would be detrimental for the national capital. Quality of governance might decline due to impact on finances Security concerns : Security of embassies, parliaments, Further, there is issue of safety and security of visiting dignitaries of different countries and also head of states. The responsibility of ensuring security to them lies on Centre and state cannot be entrusted with it Land: Control over land is required especially in areas with central government institutions, embassies Capital of a country: Renders it as a capital for everyone and not as a territory as a single state. Financial and administrative viability: Coordination between policies and implementation will be disrupted. International Cases: Washington DC: The US Congress has not agreed to the demand for Statehood for Washington DC. The citizens of Washington DC do not have any representatives in the US senate. It has only one non-voting representative in the US House of Representatives. However, there are examples of city-states as well. Example: Brussels (Belgium) and Berlin (Germany) Way Forward: Though granting absolute statehood is not desirable, there should be considerable sharing of power. The elected government in Delhi should be provided a decisive say in the municipal body for a cohesive approach, and proper urban planning The state government should also be given more authority on the police and made accountable in controlling crime The misuse of discretionary powers of the L-G of Delhi, if any, should be checked Coordinated efforts by Centre and Delhi government for effective governance and to uphold public interest The dispute over the powers of L-G of Delhi and elected government of Delhi should be resolved. TLP Synopsis Day 151 PDF

Aug 10, 2021 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 10th August 2021

Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report, “Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis”  Part of: GS Prelims and GS- III - Climate change In news UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres and the United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change (UNFCCC) said that the IPCC report, released recently,  underscored that "there is no time for delay and no room for excuses". What are the key observations of the IPCC report?  Heat waves and humid heat stress will become more intense and frequent over Southeast Asia during the 21st century.  Both summer and annual monsoon precipitation will increase, with enhanced inter annual variability over Southeast Asia.  Heat extremes have increased while cold extremes have decreased and these trends will continue over the coming decades.  Glacier run-off in the Asian high mountains will increase upto mid 21st century and subsequently run-off may decrease due to the loss of Glacier storage.  Relative sea level around Asia increased faster than global average, with coastal area loss and shoreline retreat. Regional mean sea level will continue to rise.  What is Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)?  It is an international body set up in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to provide policymakers with  Regular assessments of the scientific basis of climate change Impacts and future risks associated with Climate Change Options for adaptation and mitigation for Climate Change Membership of the IPCC is open to all members of the WMO and the UNEP. IPCC assessments provide a scientific basis for governments at all levels to develop climate-related policies and also underlie climate negotiation at International level. The main objective of UNFCCC is to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. News Source: TH The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Amendment) Bill, 2021 Part of: Prelims and GS - II - Government policies and interventions In news The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Amendment) Bill, 2021 has recently been passed in both the houses of the Parliament. The Bill amends the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950.   The Bill has been introduced to give effect to modifications proposed by the state of Arunachal Pradesh. The Bill removes the Abor tribe from the list of identified STs in Arunachal Pradesh. Further, it replaces certain STs with other tribes.  Proposed changes in list of STs in Arunachal Pradesh under the Bill Original list Proposed changes under the Bill Abor Deleted from the list Khampti Tai Khamti Mishmi, Idu, and Taroan Mishmi-Kaman (Miju Mishmi), Idu (Mishmi), and Taraon (Digaru    Mishmi) Momba Monpa, Memba, Sartang, and Sajolang (Miji) Any Naga Tribes Nocte, Tangsa, Tutsa, and Wancho Do you know? The Constitution under Article 342 empowers the President to specify the Scheduled Tribes (STs) in various states and union territories.    Further, it permits Parliament to modify this list of notified STs.   News Source: TH National Mission on Edible Oil-Oil Palm (NMEO-OP) Part of: GS Prelims and GS- III - Food processing and related industries in India In news Indian Prime Minister recently announced National Mission on Edible Oil-Oil Palm (NMEO-OP) initiative on palm oil production to help increase farm incomes. Rs. 11,000 crores over five year period will be invested in the edible oil ecosystem through this mission   What are the key features of the Scheme?  Objective: To ensure self-sufficiency in edible oil production. Aim: To reduce import dependence from 60% to 45% by 2024-25, by increasing domestic edible oil production from 10.5 million tonnes to 18 million tonnes which is a 70% growth target.  Farmers will get all needed facilities, from quality seeds to technology.  Along with promoting the cultivation of oil palm, this mission will also expand the cultivation of our other traditional oilseed crops.  What is the need for such schemes?  India is the largest consumer of vegetable oil in the world.  India's Palm oil imports are almost 60% of its total vegetable oil imports. Recently, India’s dependence on expensive imports has driven retail oil prices to new highs. In India, 94.1% of its palm oil is used in food products, especially for cooking. Thus, palm oil is extremely important to India’s edible oils economy. The oil is used in food manufacturing, in beauty products, and as biofuel.  Palm oil accounted for about 33% of global oils produced from oil crops in 2014.  Top consumers: India, China, and the European Union (EU). Do you know?  The NMEO-OP’s predecessor was the National Mission on Oil Seeds and Oil Palm.  In May 2020, oilseed production had grown 35% from 27.5 million tonnes in 2014-15 to 37.3 million tonnes by 2020-21. News Source: TH Tribals in Rajasthan seek more panchayats in scheduled areas Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II -  Panchayati Raj Institutions In news The tribal outfits in Rajasthan have demanded inclusion of over 165 village panchayats of seven districts in the scheduled areas under the Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP).  The tribal groups said the population of Scheduled Tribes in these panchayats had crossed 50%, making them eligible to be declared as scheduled areas.  The objective of the demand is to facilitate the control of local communities over minor minerals and minor forest produce as well as development activities in the region.  It will also ensure statutory protection of the tribal population. Consequently, the provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996, will apply to these areas. The Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 or PESA is a law enacted by the Government of India for ensuring self-governance through traditional Gram Sabhas for people living in the Scheduled Areas of India. The tribal groups have also been spearheading a movement for creation of a separate State, Bhil Pradesh, to be carved out of the tribal-dominated areas of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. News Source: TH Permanent Forum of People of African Descent Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II -  International relations In news Recently, the UN General Assembly approved a resolution establishing a Permanent Forum of People of African Descent. About the UN United Nations Permanent Forum of People of African Descent. It would serve as “a platform for improving the safety and quality of life and livelihoods of people of African descent” and ensure the full political, economic and social inclusion in the societies where they live. It would provide expert advice and recommendations, to Human Rights Council & UN agencies, on addressing the challenges of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and intolerance. Forum’s first session will take place in 2022. The forum will consist of 10 members — five elected by the General Assembly from all regions and five appointed by the Human Rights Council following consultations with regional groups and organizations of people of African descent. The resolution also calls for annual reports to the assembly and the council on the forum’s activities, and an evaluation of its operation by the General Assembly after four sessions, based on an evaluation by the Human Rights Council. Do you know? Recently, the International Decade for People of African Descent was also established by the General Assembly, which began on January 1, 2015, and ends on December 31, 2024.  The decade is focusing on the themes of recognition, justice and development. Member States of the UN adopted the texts at the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, held in 2001 in Durban, South Africa and is called Durban declaration. About The Human Rights Council  It is an inter-governmental body within the United Nations system made up of 47 States responsible for the promotion and protection of all human rights around the globe. It has the ability to discuss all thematic human rights issues and situations that require its attention throughout the year.  It meets at the UN Office at Geneva. News Source: TH (News from PIB) “Seekho Aur Kamao” Scheme Part of: GS Prelims  and GS-II- Government Schmes  About Seekho Aur Kamao scheme It is a skill development Central sector scheme for minorities (youth of 14 - 35 years age group) and aimed at providing employment and employment opportunities, improving the employability of existing workers, school dropouts etc.  In the last 7 years appx. 3.92 lakh persons have been benefitted under this employment-oriented scheme. The scheme ensures 75% placement, out of which 50% should be in organized sector.  Post placement support of Rs. 2000/- per month is provided to placed trainees for two months as placement assistance. Some of the schemes for growth and development of MSME Sector in the country are: Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP)  It is a is a major credit-linked subsidy scheme launched by merging two schemes namely Prime Minister’s Rojgar Yojana (PMRY) and Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP) It aims for generating employment opportunities by establishing micro-enterprises in urban and rural areas in the non-farm sector. Implemented by Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) Scheme of Fund for Regeneration of Traditional Industries (SFURTI) It is an initiative by Ministry of MSME to promote Cluster development.  Objective of the Scheme includes organizing the traditional industries and artisans into clusters to make them competitive and provide support for their long-term sustainability, sustained employment, enhancing their marketability, equipping traditional artisans of the associated clusters with the improved skills. Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) is the nodal Agency. A Scheme for Promoting Innovation, Rural Industry & Entrepreneurship (ASPIRE) Objective of the Scheme includes Creating new jobs and reducing unemployment, promoting entrepreneurship culture in India that will promote grassroots economic development at district level It involves setting up network of technology centres and incubation centres to accelerate entrepreneurship and also to promote start-ups for innovation in agro- industry and MSME sector Credit Guarantee Fund Scheme for Micro and Small Enterprises (CGMSE) Objective of the Scheme includes making available collateral-free credit to the micro and small enterprise sector Credit Linked Capital Subsidy and Technology Upgradation Scheme (CLCS-TUS) Objective of the Scheme includes facilitating technology up-gradation in MSEs by providing an upfront capital subsidy of 15 per cent (on institutional finance of up to Rs 1 crore availed by them) for induction of well-established and improved technology in the specified 51 sub-sectors/products approved.  Contribution of MSMEs to GDP (will be useful for Mains) As per the information received from Central Statistics Office, Ministry of Statistics & PI, Share of MSME Gross Value Added (GVA) in All India Gross Domestic Product at current prices (2011-12) for the year 2018-19 and 2019-20 were 30.5% and 30.0% respectively. The share of the MSME manufacturing in All India manufacturing gross value output during the year 2018-19 and 2019-20 were 36.9% and 36.9% respectively.   Further, as per the information received from Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics, the share of export of specified MSME related products to All India exports during 2019-20 and 2020-21 was 49.8% and 49.5% respectively. As per 73rd Round of NSS Report on Unincorporated Non-Agricultural Enterprises' (July 2015- June 2016) conducted by Ministry of Statistics & PI, estimated number of workers in MSME sector was 11.10 crore. Under the Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP), the estimated employment generated (number of persons) in micro enterprises during the year 2020-21 and 2021-22 (as on 01.07.2021) are 5.95 lakh and 1.19 lakh respectively. News Source: PIB & PIB Indian Institute of Heritage Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS-I- Culture In news: Indian Institute of Heritage would be a world-class and standalone Institution of its type in the country: Union Culture Minister. Key highlights: The government has decided to set up the ‘Indian Institute of Heritage’ at Noida, Gautam Buddha Nagar.  It will be a world-class university that would focus on the conservation and research in India’s rich tangible heritage, while offering research, development and dissemination of knowledge associated with heritage. It would also offer Masters and Ph. D courses in History of Arts, Conservation, Museology, Archival Studies, Archaeology, Preventives Conservation, Epigraphy and Numismatics, Manuscriptology etc. as well as conservation training facilities to in-service employees and the students of the Indian Institute of Heritage. This would be a standalone Institution of its type in the country and will have positive impact on higher education and research in the fields related to rich Indian heritage and its conservation.  News Source: Pib Indian Naval Ships Shivalik and Kadmatt at Brunei to enhance Bilateral Ties Part of: GS Prelims  In news: Indian Naval Ships Shivalik and Kadmatt at Brunei to enhance Bilateral Ties During the stay at Muara, Brunei, the crew of both the ships will participate in various bilateral professional interactions with Royal Brunei Navy. The exercise will provide an opportunity to both the navies to enhance inter-operability, gain from best practices and develop common understanding of procedures for Maritime Security Operations.  The harbour interactions and exercises at sea aim to consolidate the strong bond shared by the two navies and would be another step towards strengthening India-Brunei defence relations.  Indian Navy Ships Shivalik and Kadmatt Indian Navy Ships Shivalik and Kadmatt are the latest indigenously designed and built, multi-role Guided Missile Stealth Frigate and Anti-Submarine Corvette respectively, and form part of the Indian Navy's Eastern Fleet based at Visakhapatnam under the Eastern Naval Command.  The two ships are equipped with a versatile array of weapons and sensors, can carry multi-role helicopters, and represent the maturation of India's warship-building capabilities. News Source: Pib (Mains Focus) WOMEN/GOVERNANCE GS-1: Role of women and women’s organization, population and associated issues, poverty and developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies. GS-2: Mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections Misinformation through a feminist lens Context: The online world amplifies the social norms of the physical world. Women face aggressive and offensive trolling on the Internet, designed to undermine and discredit them professionally and shame them into silence.  Feminism & misinformation on Social Media  Position does not matter: Woman’s position of power does not shield her from vulgar misinformation. 95 female politicians out of 724 received nearly one million hateful mentions on Twitter between March and May, 2021 (Amnesty International Report) Inter-sectional challenges: Organised disinformation and sexism intersect with Islamophobia, castetism, religious bigotry and other forms of discrimination to threaten vocal women  Responsibility on Women: The harassment is so rampant that more often than not, women are asked to either ignore the abusers or block such handles. As always, women are expected to take precautionary measures instead of men being asked to behave. Misusing Sexuality: While on the one hand women are targeted with sexist attacks, on the other, their sexuality is used to further misinformation. There are multiple fake Facebook accounts posing as a woman and “posting provocative comments that could hurt social harmony”. Political attempt to silence Feminist Voices: A recent report by UNESCO on online harassment faced by women journalists says that political actors instigate and fuel online violence campaigns against women journalists.  Misinformation and sexism have a symbiotic relationship: Misinformation piggybacks on sexism to discredit vocal women and sexism uses misinformation to reinforce patriarchal norms.  Gendered misinformation threatens Democracy: A healthy democracy is participatory and promotes gender inclusiveness. Sexism and misinformation intimidate women from taking vocal stands and are antithetical to a progressive society. Conclusion While social media gives a platform for women to raise issues, repeated abuse takes away that freedom. Social media, the place that bolstered the #MeToo movement, is the same place used to shut women down. Connecting the dots: Intersectionality Rape & Sexual Crimes Law in India Punitive Responses to Sexual Violence Need Rethink Sexual Harassment at workplaces Disha Act of Andhra Pradesh ECONOMY/ GOVERNANCE Topic: GS-2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors  GS-3: Indian Economy and challenges with regard to resource mobilization The Limited Liability Partnership (Amendment) Bill, 2021 In news The Limited Liability Partnership (Amendment) Bill, 2021 has been recently passed in both the Houses of the Parliament.   The Bill seeks to amend the Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008.   A limited liability partnership (LLP) is a partnership in which some or all partners have limited liabilities.  It therefore can exhibit elements of partnerships and corporations. In an LLP, each partner is not responsible or liable for another partner's misconduct or negligence Under LLP, a partner’s liabilities are limited to their investment in the business.   What are Key features of the Bill? Certain offences decriminalised:  The Bill decriminalises provisions and imposes a monetary penalty: (i) changes in partners of the LLP, (ii) change of registered office, (iii) filing of statement of account and solvency; (iv) arrangement between an LLP and its creditors or partners, and reconstruction or amalgamation of an LLP.   Change of name of LLP:  The Bill empowers the central government to allot a new name to such an LLP instead of levying a fine. Punishment for fraud: Under the Bill, if an LLP or its partners carry out an activity to defraud their creditors, every person party to it knowingly is punishable with maximum term of imprisonment up to five years Non-compliance of orders of Tribunal: Bill has removed the offence of non-compliance with an order of the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT)   Compounding of offences: The Bill provides that a regional director (or any officer above his rank), appointed by the central government, may compound such offences which are punishable only with a fine.  The amount imposed must be within the minimum and maximum fine for the offence.  Adjudicating Officers:  Under the Bill, the central government may appoint adjudicating officers for awarding penalties under the Act.  These will be central government officers not below the rank of Registrar.   Special courts:  The Bill allows the central government to establish special courts for ensuring speedy trial of offences under the Act.    Appeals to Appellate Tribunal: Appeals against orders of the NCLT lie with the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT).  Also, the appeals cannot be made against an order that has been passed with the consent of the parties.  Appeals must be filed within 60 days (extendable by another 60 days) of the order.  Small LLP:  The Bill provides for formation of a small LLP where: (i) the contribution from partners is up to Rs 25 lakh (may be increased up to five crore rupees), (ii) turnover for the preceding financial year is up to Rs 40 lakh (may be increased up to Rs 50 crore).  The central government may also notify certain LLPs as start-up LLPs.  Standards of accounting:  Under the Bill, the central government may prescribe the standards of accounting and auditing for classes of LLPs, in consultation with the National Financial Reporting Authority. News Source: TH (AIR – SPOTLIGHT) Spotlight 28 July, 2021: AIR NEWS EXCLUSIVE- Discussion on India's presidency and its quest for an expanded UN Security Counsil INTERNATIONAL/ GOVERNANCE GS-2: India Foreign Policy GS-2: International Organisation, their structure & functioning. India's presidency and its quest for an expanded UN Security Council India’s two-year tenure as a non-permanent member of the Security Council began on January 1, 2021. India will take over the Presidency of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) on August 1 and is set to host signature events in three major areas of maritime security, peacekeeping and counterterrorism during the month. External Affairs Ministry said, India’s vision has been steered by Dialogue and Cooperation, mutual respect and commitment to international law. In its presidency, India will be guided by the principles of Transparency, credibility, accountability and effectiveness. Maritime security, peacekeeping and counter-terrorism will be the focus areas for India during its presidency. The Ministry said, as a founding member of the UN, India is committed to multilateralism, Rule of Law, and Fair and equitable international system. India and UN Security Council India was offered seat at UNSC way back in 1950 by USA (the US had begun mounting pressure on India for a permanent seat as early as 1950, wanting her to take the place of China.)  The 1955 offer was made by USSR to India for a permanent seat in the UN (at a time when the USSR and China’s alliance had reached a certain height).  China has been stonewalling India's efforts to become member of the UN's powerful body for years, pointing to the lack of consensus even though the other four permanent members, the US, the UK, France and Russia have expressed backing for New Delhi's membership. India’s Bid for Permanent Seat In UNSC India has basically followed two strategies for the expansion of the Security Council. “The first focuses on a narrow major-power claim, which emphasizes India’s capabilities and contributions to the UNSC as the basis for permanent membership”. The second approach basically focuses on the “problem of representation in the UNSC and makes the case for expanding both permanent and non-permanent categories of membership with a view to ensuring that the world’s foremost organization for international peace and security reflects the dramatically altered distribution of power since 1945. Issues India need to overcome in Getting a Permanent Seat at UNSC Although it may seem like a simple process, it is made difficult by the objections of certain permanent members of the Security Council. China, in particular, has been blocking India’s push for a permanent seat at the Council. China believes that granting India a permanent seat at the UNSC will lead to Indian interests being of paramount importance in the geopolitics of the subcontinent, a sentiment echoed by its ally, Pakistan. In addition to this, India is also seen as a proliferating nuclear power. Analysts believe that this is the single most factor that is being a roadblock for India’s UNSC dreams. India should make effort to counter terrorism and should ensure it end once and for all and that we have in place a global convention on counter terrorism. All parts of world are suffering from this issue and India is making good efforts already. The recent discussions on the global counter-terrorism strategy which India adopted has strengthened the efforts to combat terrorism, for example in the financing of terrorism and the use of new technology like artificial intelligence, drones etc. Criticism of UNSC Unlike the General Assembly which truly represents the interests of all the member states, the Security Council represents the interest and domination of only the five permanent members which includes China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States of America. Another criticism of the UNSC includes the veto power exercised by the five permanent members. For passing any resolution, the approval of all the five permanent members is necessary and even if one of the members says no the resolution cannot be passed. This right to veto has been misused by the members.  Can you answer this question now? Discuss the structure and functioning of UNSC. Also mention the issues India need to overcome in Getting a Permanent Seat at UNSC. (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1 Abor tribe recently seen in news belongs to which of the following state of India?  Odisha  Tamil Nadu  Assam  Arunachal Pradesh  Q.2 Palm oil is used in the manufacturing of which of the following products?  Detergents  Plastics  Cosmetics  Biofuels.  Select the correct statements: 1 and 2 only 3 only 1 and 4 only 1, 2, 3 and 4 Q.3 Permanent Forum of People of African Descent was recently established to address which of the following?  Unemployment  Poverty Political instability Racism ANSWERS FOR 9th August 2021 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 A 2 None of the above 3 C Must Read On Labour Law reforms: The Hindu On Pegasus Scandal and Surveillance State: Indian Express On Privatising PSBs: Financial Express

Aug 10, 2021 Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series for UPSC

[Day 72]: UPSC PRELIMS 2021- Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series

Highlights/Features of Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series:  It is a FREE initiative! Program Duration - 120 Days (31st May, 2021 to 27th September, 2021). 1. Dedicated Portal for Focused Preparation There will be a separate dedicated portal to help you stay focused and keep your preparation streamlined for the next 120 Days. The Registration link for the dedicated portal is given at the end of the post. 2. 120 Days Integrated (Prelims + Mains) Time Table This year’s RaRe Series will include Integrated Revision Plan (IRP) where we will be syncing your mains and prelims syllabus together over next 120 Days. The Revision Plan is designed by integrating IASbaba's famous flagship initiatives - 60 Day Plan and TLP Mains Answer Writing. 3. Daily RaRe Series (RRS) Videos on High Probable Topics (Monday - Friday) In video discussions, special focus is given to topics which have high probability to appear in UPSC Prelims Question Paper. Each session will be of 20 mins to 30 mins, which would cover rapid revision of 10 high probable topics (both static and current affairs) important for Prelims Exam this year according to the schedule. 4. Daily Prelims MCQs from Static (Monday - Friday) Daily Static Quiz will cover all the topics of static subjects – Polity, History, Geography, Economics, Environment and Science and technology. 10 questions will be posted daily and these questions are framed from the topics mentioned in the schedule and in the RaRe videos. It will ensure timely and streamlined revision of your static subjects. Note: Should be integrated with the 60 Days Plan 2021. This will expose you to diverse questions from the same topics. 5. Daily Current Affairs MCQs (Monday - Saturday) Daily 5 Current Affairs questions, based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, would be published from Monday to Saturday. Note: Current Affairs questions covered in the 60 Days Plan and Daily Quiz Monthly Compilations should be covered retrospectively. 6. Daily CSAT Quiz (Monday - Friday) CSAT has been an achilles heel for many aspirants. Daily 5 CSAT Questions will be published. 7. Daily Mains Answer Writing (Monday - Friday) GS Mains will be covered along with Prelims in an integrated manner. Daily three Mains questions will be covered syllabus-wise according to the topics mentioned in the schedule. In total, it covers 250+ Mains Questions along with synopsis. 8. Brainstorming on Ethics & Essay (BEE) (Saturday & Sunday) Each week, Sunil Oberoi Sir (Retd. IAS) will take 3 sessions, two for Essay and one for Ethics. The two sessions earmarked for Essay will have a topic-based discussion where he will discuss the approach to write issue-based and philosophical essays. The topics will be picked from previous year question papers of UPSC and TLP initiative of IASbaba. 9. Full Mocks 3 GS Paper 1 Full Mocks will be provided along the lines of UPSC Prelims. 3 CSAT Paper 2 Full Mocks will be provided so that you are not overwhelmed during the D-Day. 10. Rapid Revision (RaRe) Notes Right material plays important role in clearing the exam and Rapid Revision (RaRe) Notes will have Prelims specific subject-wise refined notes. The main objective is to help students revise most important topics and that too within a very short limited time frame. Day-72 of RaRe Series - Click here To Register - Click here For complete details of the RaRe Series -  Click here

Aug 10, 2021 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2021 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 10th August 2021

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :) After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken, and solutions. To take the Test - Click Here

Aug 10, 2021 TLP Mains Answer Writing

IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 1): UPSC Mains Answer Writing – General Studies Paper 2 Questions [10th August,2021] – Day 152

For Previous TLP (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE Hello Friends, Welcome to IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 1): UPSC Mains Answer Writing – General Studies Paper 2 Questions [10th August,2021] – Day 152 TLP (Phase 1) just got over on 8th May (Saturday) and we are extremely thankful for your active participation to make this program a success. Well, though TLP (Phase 1) got over, ‘Picture abhi baaqi hai mere dost’. There is a surprise for you. Since prelims is bound to get delayed once again this year, its not wise to leave the writing practice just now. Hence, we are extending the TLP program  We will be posting 3 questions per day (Monday to Friday). The questions will be based on Current Affairs, so that you don’t have to invest your time separately on exclusively mains oriented topics. So, keep practicing and keep improving. To Know More about TLP  -> CLICK HERE For Previous TLP (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE Note: Click on Each Question (Link), it will open in a new tab and then Answer respective questions! 1. Critically evaluate the role played by caste based pressure groups in Indian politics. (10 Marks) भारतीय राजनीति में जाति आधारित दबाव समूहों द्वारा निभाई गई भूमिका का समालोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन करें। 2. Why haven’t women been successful in forging a robust pressure group for the furtherance of women rights in India? Critically analyse. (10 Marks) भारत में महिलाओं के अधिकारों को आगे बढ़ाने के लिए एक मजबूत दबाव समूह बनाने में महिलाओं को सफलता क्यों नहीं मिली? समालोचनात्मक विश्लेषण करें। 3. What is an integrated check post (ICP)? How does it boost regional connectivity? What are the challenges being faced by ICPs? Discuss. (15 Marks) एकीकृत चेक पोस्ट (आईसीपी) क्या है? यह क्षेत्रीय संपर्क को कैसे बढ़ावा देता है? आईसीपी को किन चुनौतियों का सामना करना पड़ रहा है? चर्चा करें। AWARE ( Answer Writing REdefined) Series - 7 Steps to Master Answer Writing Skills by Mohan Sir - CLICK HERE P.S: The review from IASbaba will happen from the time the question is posted till 10 pm every day. We would also encourage peer reviews. So friends get actively involved and start reviewing each other's answers. This will keep the entire community motivated. All the Best :)

Aug 10, 2021 Important Articles

[MOCK INTERVIEW – UPSC 2020-21] New Time Slots for OFFLINE MOCKS In DELHI Open Now & ONE-ONE MOCKS with Mohan Sir!

Dear Students, Thank You for the Overwhelming Response and Heartwarming Feedback on our Interview Mentorship Program (IMP). More Interview Slots are now open! 400+ students have attended the Mock Interviews in Bangalore, Delhi, and Online till now!! As the Lockdown restrictions are erased, we are conducting OFFLINE MOCKS at DELHI!!   UPCOMING OFFLINE MOCKS in Delhi: 16th August (Monday) - Slots Open! 17th August (Tuesday) - Slots Open!   For ONE-ONE MOCKS/MENTORSHIP with Mohan Sir and for upcoming MOCK INTERVIEWS-Book your Slots by filling the form - Click Here NOTE: Mohan Sir (Founder, IASbaba) will be taking One-to-one Mocks and Mentorship to Interview selected students in Delhi Centre. He will be available on 16th (Monday), 17th (Tuesday) ,18th (Wednesday) August at Delhi Centre. On Monday and Tuesday One-One Mocks will be reserved for the students giving the mock on those days. On Wednesday the One-One Mock slots are open for all. You can message (8549000077 On Telegram) for booking the slot. P.S: More Mocks will be announced soon! P.S: You can also share the same with your friends who are interested in taking ONLINE Mock Interviews, One-One Mocks with Mohan Sir, DAF Questionnaire. To Know More about IASbaba's Interview Mentorship Program (IMP) -> CLICK HERE For further queries with regard to the interview, you can mail us at support@iasbaba.com or call us on 8549000077 [UPSC INTERVIEW] CURRENT AFFAIRS Discussion – Learn How to Handle Controversial Topics and Situation-Based Questions from Serving, Ex-IAS, IPS, IRS Officers & Mohan Sir – Exclusively for UPSC 2021-21 Interview Students! - CLICK HERE BABA's INTERVIEW PANELLIST Thank You IASbaba

Aug 9, 2021 TLP Mains Answer Writing

SYNOPSIS [6th August,2021] Day 150: IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 1): UPSC Mains Answer Writing (General Studies)

For Previous TLP (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE SYNOPSIS [6th August,2021] Day 150: IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 1): UPSC Mains Answer Writing (General Studies)   1. Discuss the attributes of India’s nuclear doctrine. Do you think India’s nuclear doctrine represents the aspiration for a nuclear weapons free world? Examine. Approach  Define in introduction what is a nuclear doctrine and contextualise to philosophy of Indian nuclear doctrine.In next part write broad tenets of Indian nuclear doctrine and substantiate how this focuses on a world free of nuclear weapons.In short state what are limitations of Indian doctrine and write a reformative conclusion. Introduction: A nuclear doctrine states how a nuclear weapon state would employ its nuclear weapons both during peace and war.The doctrine helps to establish deterrence vis-à-vis adversary.Through the nuclear doctrine a state can communicate its intention and resolve to the enemy.The doctrine also guides the state’s response during war.India has always held that its use of nuclear power will be purely for developmental goals and deterrence,rather than aggression and belligerence. Body Attributes of India’s Nuclear Doctrine include : Building and maintaining a credible minimum deterrent; A posture of "No First Use" nuclear weapons will only be used in retaliation against a nuclear attack on Indian territory or on Indian forces anywhere; Nuclear retaliation to a first strike will be massive and designed to inflict unacceptable damage. Nuclear retaliatory attacks can only be authorised by the civilian political leadership through the Nuclear Command Authority. Non-use of nuclear weapons against non-nuclear weapon states; However, in the event of a major attack against India, or Indian forces anywhere, by biological or chemical weapons, India will retain the option of retaliating with nuclear weapons; A continuance of strict controls on export of nuclear and missile related materials and technologies, participation in the Fissile Material Cutoff Treaty negotiations, and continued observance of the moratorium on nuclear tests. Continued commitment to the goal of a nuclear weapon free world, through global, verifiable and non-discriminatory nuclear disarmament. India’s nuclear doctrine represents the aspirations of nuclear weapons free world. Deterrence: Our nuclear stocks are not for weapons but peace and energy security purpose to cater to our ever growing needs and will also create stability in world.The nuclear stocks of India are even lesser than its adversary Pakistan. First use: Since no first use policy and non-use against non-nuclear state, the use in war will be limited.This signals certainty on use and avoids competition in neighbourhood. India’s nuclear doctrine keeps open options for global negotiations to reach a nuclear free world which should be non discriminatory in nature.India was First nation in 1988 to argue for nuclear free world and this still remains an essential tenet of India’s nuclear doctrine . India has placed all its civil nuclear reactors under IAEA and therefore wants to focus on peaceful use of nuclear energy for medicinal and energy needs. Limitations of India’s nuclear doctrine: The conventional criticism against a ‘no first use’ policy is that India would have to suffer a first strike before it retaliated. Critics of the NFU policy argue that the increasing stockpile of Pakistani nuclear weapons and China’s expansionist designs in the region warrant a change in the doctrine. A major worry for India is a two-front war when both China and Pakistan collude and simultaneously launch offensives. In case India faces severe adversity, its traditional nuclear doctrine of NFU may not be ideal. There is lack of clarity on what does massive retaliation means and when it will be carried out.Further what nature of chemical or biological weapon will lead to retaliation is not clear. The policy also doesn’t clarify on what will be measure taken if there is an attack by non state actors which is a possibility given the insurgency situation in Kashmir and Northeast India. Conclusion Nuclear weapon for India is for peace purposes but it also serves our energy needs. But with changing world situation, nuclear doctrine should undergo periodic review and changes like in other nuclear states.Further India’s principled nuclear doctrine, it's time tested credibility in peaceful nuclear use and its commitment to non discriminatory global disarmament must be leveraged to acquire membership in Global Nuclear Regime. These platforms must be used to strengthen the global nuclear architecture disincentivizing nuclear states to either use or transfer nuclear know how to non state actors. 2. What’s a proxy war? Has it affected India? Examine  Approach  Define what is proxy war and contextualise to India.In next part with help of examples write how has it affected India.In conclusion write what measures needs to be taken to tackle this menace. Introduction: Proxy wars are one of the major categories of conflict that contribute to humanitarian crises around the world. The war can take place between multiple countries, or a country and a non state actor like a politically violent group..Multiple proxy wars can occur simultaneously around the world. In addition, multiple states can back proxies within other states, which can be seen in both Syria and Yemen.India has been facing proxy war from Pakistan and its supported non state actors and various militant groups in Northeast region and central India. Body: Proxy war and its effects on India: Pakistan’s war in Jammu and Kashmir and elsewhere in India is clearly a war being waged by one state against another through asymmetric means. The terrorist groups like Lashkar-e Taiba and Jaish-e- Mohammad are sponsored, financed, armed, trained and indoctrinated by the ISI. They are provided covering fire to help them infiltrate across the Line of Control (LoC) by the Pakistani Army.This hurts India economically in the resources spent and lass of manpower due to loss of lives of soldiers. Pakistan claims that it only provides political, diplomatic and moral support to Kashmiri insurgents whom it calls ‘freedom fighters’. In reality, the terrorist groups are ISI protégés and do its bidding, much like the Haqqani network does so in Afghanistan.It harms peaceful order of Kashmir, sows seeds of dissent and is threat to sovereignty and integrity of the nation. ISI has a separate wing that controls all the activities of all anti-India terrorist organisations. It runs the terrorist training camps in PoK and other parts of Pakistan.It radicalises both Indian population and bordering people. ISI organises infiltration across the LoC with the help of Pakistan Army. Hundreds of radio transmissions between the ISI handlers and the terrorist group commanders in Jammu and Kashmir are intercepted by Indian Signals units every month. Pakistan has lost no opportunity to accuse India – its army and police forces of human rights violations in Jammu and Kashmir while conducting counter-insurgency operations. It is performed through an aggressive diplomacy in United Nations, OIC and other Arab multilateral groupings. Pakistan is operating a big network of printing and circulating fake Indian currency notes through its own government presses in order to undermine Indian economy. Recently, the ISI has once again begun to support and provide shelter to the so-called Khalistanis with a view to launching renewed efforts to revive the separatist movement that had been wiped out from Punjab in the early 1990s. Terrorist attacks targeting military and critical installations like Pathankot and Uri are testimony to the fact that Pakistan is waging a proxy war against India through asymmetric means. The naxalist target administrative symbols such as schools, roads and telephone towers this hurts the growth and development of a region.Further it gives rise to extortion mechanisms as their primary earning source. The proxy wars have led to rise in defence budgets year on year which could have been used for other developmental purposes, the local region disturbances which have shooed away investors from the region, unemployment and consequent radicalisation of youth has made them loss their productive years.Further the constant war like atmosphere have affected the mental well being of the population and have also curbed many of the fundamental rights guaranteed by the constitution. Conclusion Even after three full scale wars, Pakistan still wants to inflict thousand cuts on India. Our security forces have been successful in pushing back infiltrators and warding of major attacks but still lot needs to be done on ground level to finish off this proxy war. The recent change in policy from defence to offensive with surgical strikes across the borders will increase the cost for Pakistan.Further there needs to be equal focus on development of local region and investment in defence and intelligence services to fight the proxy war. 3. The National Education Policy completed one year recently. What is your assessment of the new policy? Critically comment. Approach  Introduce with what is new education policy and when was it launched.In next part write what are its achievements and what are its limitations.In conclusion write what should be path ahead. Introduction Education Policy lays particular emphasis on the development of the creative potential of each individual. The New National Education Policy was approved by the Union Cabinet on 29 July 2020 to bring about transformational reforms in school and higher education systems in the country. The first education policy of the 21st century replaces the 34-year-old National Policy on Education (NPE), 1986. Also, the Ministry of Human Resources and Development was renamed the Ministry of Education.This has recently completed one year of its implementation. Body Changes brought by new National Education Policy in one year : Curricula have been tweaked in schools to include subjects such as financial literacy and artificial intelligence. As part of this initiative, CBSE has tied up with Microsoft to help Class VI-VIII students work on coding-related modules starting in the 2021-22 academic year. medium of instruction in schools and colleges, the mother tongue or a regional language has been introduced on a pilot basis. This applies even to engineering courses and a few institutes have been chosen to implement this initiative in the 2021-22 academic year. The primary objective of NEP 2020 was to reduce undue focus on the Class 10 and Class 12 board exams. Consequently, board exams administered by the Central Board of Secondary Education will have a higher number of multiple-choice and analytical questions from 2022. The government will release a detailed policy framework on the changes in board exams by the end of this year With holistic education one of the key goals of NEP 2020, multidisciplinary streams have started across institutes. This means that engineering colleges will not only offer technical courses but also commerce and humanity subjects.  The education ministry has asked all higher education institutes to offer a wide array of courses across streams in order to have a diverse student population. IIT Bombay, IIT Delhi, IIT Madras and IIT Roorkee are among many such institutes that offer courses beyond traditional engineering.  NEP 2020 allows the top 100 universities in India to offer online degree courses to make them affordable and improve accessibility.Following this, online platforms are offering a range of courses in partnership with institutes.Last year, upGrad announced e-degree courses including Bachelor of Business Administration, Master of Computer Applications and Master of Business Administration with Jamia Hamdard in New Delhi.  Some early work has started on this front. Flexible entry and exit grants academic credit for partially completed courses. A student who quits a degree course after one year gets a certificate. A diploma is earned after two years and a degree after three/four years.IIT Madras has launched an online Bachelor of Science course in programming and data science that offers the flexibility of getting a degree or a diploma. Issues plaguing the new National Education Policy: The tension between NEP’s ambition and facts on the ground is evident . The call for greater autonomy to higher educational institutions is undercut by the fact that several universities continue to function without vice-chancellors. The NEP asks for the highest priority to literacy and numeracy but the government has slashed the school education budget by almost Rs 5,000 crore; higher education has suffered a Rs 1,000 crore cut. Without financial resources and committed people to take ownership of institutions and policy, it will be hard to walk the talk. While the PM hailed the transition to online learning, the pandemic’s unkindest cut has been in deepening the inequality in access to education. Technology connects people, but it has limitations as far as teaching and learning are concerned. This crisis has made us reflect on the inequality not only in bandwidth, and devices, but also in the fact that the parents do not have the time or ability to support their children in this venture. The NEP forcefully lends its weight to the idea of institutional autonomy. But critical thinking cannot be decreed into existence. It needs an enabling eco-system, which is sadly missing. The most recent instance of a Madhya Pradesh police superintendent, acting on the complaints of ABVP, forcing a university to exit a webinar because it disapproved of some of the speakers is an illustration of the shrinking of the campus as a space for ideas and creativity. Due to schools being closed ,the big shifts did not take place in areas of thematic learning or multiple pedagogical approaches. The traditional issues hampering education such as capacity of teachers, lack of infrastructure at rural level, lack of quality internet in rural areas are all the issues which needs to be worked on. Conclusion The New National Education Policy is still very new to evaluate on its implementation and specially in light of corona pandemic where schools and colleges have mostly been shut.Given this the progress made on regional language, multidisciplinary approach, focus on new topics such as artificial intelligence and going away from board pattern of examination is commendable.Further the broader aims of capacity building of teachers and focusing on how to learn should be paid greater attention for a creative and capable youth population. TLP Synopsis Day 150 PDF

Aug 9, 2021 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 9th August 2021

Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Covishield-Covaxin mix gives better protection: ICMR Part of: GS Prelims and GS- II - Health  In news According to a study conducted by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), the combination of an adenovirus vector platform-based vaccine (Covishield) followed by an inactivated whole virus vaccine (Covaxin) was safe and also elicited better immunogenicity than two doses of the same vaccine. More about the study and its findings It has not yet been peer reviewed. To conclusively prove these findings, a multicentre Research Trial needs to be carried out because the sample size & follow up period (60-70 days) for this study was small Significance: The findings have an important implication for the COVID-19 vaccination programme wherein heterologous immunisation will pave the way for induction of improved and better protection against the variant strains of Covid-19. Such mixed regimens will also help to overcome the challenges of shortfall of particular vaccines and remove hesitancy around vaccines in people’s mind.  Vaccine COVISHIELD COVAXIN About It is the name given to an Oxford-AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccine candidate which is technically referred to as AZD1222 or ChAdOx 1 nCoV19. India’s only indigenous Covid-19 vaccine Produced by It is a version of the vaccine developed by the University of Oxford in collaboration with Swedish-British drugmaker AstraZeneca. Serum Institute of India (SII) is the manufacturing partner in India. Bharat Biotech, Hyderabad in collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research’s National Institute of Virology, Pune Constituents and Action It is based on a weakened version of a common cold virus or the adenovirus that is found in chimpanzees. This viral vector contains the genetic material of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (protrusions) present on the outer surface of the virus that help it bind with the human cell. The body’s immune system is supposed to recognise this protein as a threat, and work on building antibodies against it. It is an inactivated vaccine which is developed by inactivating (killing) the live microorganisms that cause the disease. This destroys the ability of the pathogen to replicate, but keeps it intact so that the immune system can still recognise it and produce an immune response. It is expected to target more than just the spike protein. It also aims to develop an immune response to the nucleocapsid protein (the shell of the virus that encloses its genetic material). Significance It had triggered an immune response in humans against the novel coronavirus in early trials  COVAXIN is more likely to work against newer variants of the virus, including the UK variant, as it contains immunogens (epitopes) from other genes in addition to those from Spike protein. Do you know? Immunogenicity is the ability of a foreign substance, such as an antigen, to provoke an immune response in the body of a human or other animal. ICMR, New Delhi is the apex body in India for the formulation, coordination, and promotion of biomedical research. It is funded by the Government of India through Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. The Governing Body of ICMR is presided over by the Union Health Minister News Source: TH Wildfires ravage Greek island Part of: GS Prelims and GS I - Geography and GS - III - Climate change  In news Wildfires on the island of Evia have charred vast areas of pine forest, destroyed homes and forced tourists and locals to flee. Evia lies just northeast of the capital Athens.  Euboea or Evia is the second-largest Greek island in area and population, after Crete. It is separated from Boeotia in mainland Greece by the narrow Euripus Strait.  Greece and Turkey have been battling devastating fires for nearly two weeks as the region suffered its worst heatwave in decades, which experts have linked to climate change. It is always difficult to determine forthwith the impact of climate change on extreme weather patterns, but scientific studies indicate that extreme weather events are likely to become more frequent or more intense with rising anthropogenic climate change. What is Heat wave?  It is a period of abnormally high temperatures, more than the normal maximum temperature that occurs during the summer season in the North-Western and South Central parts of India. Heat waves typically occur between March and June.  Heat wave is declared under these circumstances: An increase of 5°C to 6°C when the normal maximum temperature is less than or equal to 40°C.  An increase of 7°C or more is considered as severe heat wave condition. An increase of 4°C to 5°C when the normal maximum temperature of a station is more than 40°C.  An increase of 6°C or more is considered as severe heat wave condition.  If the actual maximum temperature remains 45°C or more irrespective of normal maximum temperature.  News Source: TH Adoption Not Limited by Religion: Delhi HC Part of: Prelims and GS - II - Government policies and interventions In news The Delhi High Court has ruled that a person interested in adopting a child was not limited by his or her religion, if adoption was sought under the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act. What’s the case? The court was hearing a case where Christian couple had adopted a child in 2014 under the Hindu law.  The adoptive parents had moved the court seeking directions to the Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA) to issue a ‘No Objection Certificate’ (NOC) to enable them to take their ‘adopted child’ to the U.S. The CARA had submitted that the couple had not validly adopted the minor, therefore, it could not issue the NOC. The argument was that Christian and Muslim couples could not adopt a Hindu child under the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act (HAMA). What is the Legal Framework Governing Adoption Laws in India? In India, adoption falls under the ambit of personal laws, and due to the incidence of diverse religions practised in our country, mainly two different laws operate. Muslims, Christians, Parsis and Jews are governed by the Guardians and Wards Act, 1890, as formal adoption is not allowed in these religions. Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, and Jains, on the other hand, follow the Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act (HAMA), 1956. Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act also deals with adoption. What was the judgement? The High Court said the personal law of the Hindus recognised adoption. “Therefore, the adoption ceremony known as ‘Datta Homam’, where the biological parents voluntarily surrender and hand over the child to the recipient, following religious ceremonies, was considered sufficient to result in a valid and legal adoption,” However, this right to adopt had been brought under the HAMA which laid down certain limitations on adoption. HAMA was applicable only to Hindus, and specifically provided that it applied to “any other person who is not a Muslim, Christian, Parsi or Jew by religion”, the court clarified. However, Court said that a person interested in adopting a child was not limited by his or her religion, if adoption was sought under the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act. Since the child was being well taken care of by the foster parents and their family, the court said there is no cause to remove the child from their charge and custody. To avoid further delay in the adoption process, the High Court directed the CARA to issue the requisite NOC to the couple. What is the procedure for adoption? All prospective parents irrespective of nationality have to register with the Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA). CARA is a statutory body of the Ministry of Women and Child Development which functions as a nodal body for the adoption of Indian children and is mandated to monitor and regulate in-country and inter-country adoption. Then, the appropriate local authorities are called for a home study. Subsequently, registration with the ‘Child Adoption Resource Information and Guidance System’ is done. After registration, children are assigned by turn, and foreign couples are treated at par with Indian ones. Countries that are signatories to the ‘Hague Adoption Convention’ have standardised and streamlined such processes. Do you know? Currently, adoption procedure involves a seal of approval by the Civil Court, which passes the final adoption order. The JJ Amendment Bill 2021 provides that instead of the court, the District Magistrate (including Additional District Magistrate) will issue such adoption orders, both for intra-country and inter-country adoptions. News Source: TH Koraput tribals Part of: GS Prelims and GS - I -  Culture and GS- III - Economy In news Coffee producing company Tata Coffee is set to buy coffee beans grown by tribal people in Koraput district of Odisha. It is likely to give confidence to tribal coffee growers for continuing their beverage plantation. Major Tribes of Koraput district Tribes Features GADABA Gadabas belong to the Munda group of tribes  They speak Gutab and Desia dialect of the Austro-Asiatic language family.  Extensively practice shifting cultivation and they cultivate a mix variety of millets, pulses and niger.  Fond of dance and music.  Famous for their typical Dhemsa dance which is performed by the women wearing saree called Kereng OMANATYA Mostly depends on agriculture for their livelihoods. Adorn a black bead of necklace worn around the neck.  Their popular dances include Junia Nach and Chera Chera Nach. PAROJA Parojas are one of the largely populated tribes of this region. Their artistic talents find expression in Dhemsa, Dungdunga dances and in laga songs. SAURA The Sauras are one of the most ancient tribes in Odisha mentioned in Hindu myths and classics, notably the Purans. They have the habit of always carrying an axe over their shoulder Their primitive occupation of hunting & living on the spoil of chase They speak an ancient Mundari dialect of their own called ‘Sora’. It belongs to the Austric family of languages News Source: TH (News from PIB) Rashtriya Mahila Kosh (RMK) to be discontinued Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II -  Policies and interventions In news The Government has decided to close down RMK as it has lost its relevance and utility in the present scenario with substantial alternative credit facilities becoming available to women through various governmental initiatives and efforts such as Jan Dhan Yojana, PM Mudra Yojana etc and also to avoid duplicacy of efforts. The Government had set up Rashtriya Mahila Kosh (RMK) in 1993 as a national level autonomous body for socio-economic empowerment of women, especially those in the rural and unorganized sector, by providing them concessional, collateral free micro-credit. The operating model followed by RMK has been of extending loans to Intermediary Micro-Finance Organizations (IMOs) which further on lend for entrepreneurial activities of women. However, the Government decided to close down RMK as it has lost its relevance and utility in the present scenario with substantial alternative credit facilities becoming available to women through various governmental initiatives and efforts such as Jan Dhan Yojana, PM Mudra Yojana etc and also to avoid duplicacy of efforts. News Source: PIB The world’s first Bio Bank of Ayurveda at AIIA Part of: GS Prelims and GS-2: Health & Education In news: Ayush Minister assure all help in establishing the world’s first Bio Bank of Ayurveda at All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA) About The All-India Institute of Ayurveda  It has been conceived as an Apex Institute for Ayurveda.  It aims at bringing a synergy between Traditional Wisdom of Ayurveda and Modern tools and technology.  Established in 2015, AIIA is a public Ayurveda medicine and research institution located in New Delhi. It is an autonomous institute under the Ministry of AYUSH. The institute would offer postgraduate and doctoral courses in various disciplines of Ayurveda  It will focus on fundamental research of Ayurveda, drug development, standardization, quality control, safety evaluation and scientific validation of Ayurvedic medicine.  The Institute will also help in boosting medical tourism in India and showcasing strengths of Ayurveda.  News Source: PIB UJJWALA 2.0 Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III- Economy In news: PM Modi will launch Ujjwala 2.0 (Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana - PMUY) by handing over LPG connections, at Mahoba Uttar Pradesh on 10th August, 2021. The journey from Ujjwala 1.0 to Ujjwala 2.0 Ujjwala 1.0  It is implemented by Union Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas Ujjwala 1.0 was launched in 2016, during which a target was set to provide deposit-free LPG connections to 5 crore women members of BPL households.  Subsequently, the scheme was expanded in April 2018 to include women beneficiaries from seven more categories (SC/ST, PMAY, AAY, most backward classes, tea garden, forest dwellers etc).  EMI facilities will be given for stove and refill cost (Interest-free loan). The scheme is complementary to the Prime Minister’s ‘Give It Up Campaign’ through which a huge number of middle-class families have voluntarily surrendered their cooking gas subsidy. The target was revised to 8 Crore LPG connections and this target was achieved in August 2019, seven months ahead of the target date.  Ujjwala 2.0 In the Union budget for FY 21-22, provision for an additional one crore LPG connection under the PMUY scheme was announced.  This one crore additional PMUY connections (under Ujjwala 2.0) aim to provide deposit-free LPG connections to those low-income families who could not be covered under the earlier phase of PMUY. Along with a deposit free LPG connection, Ujjwala 2.0 will provide first refill and hotplate (stove) free of cost to the beneficiaries.  Also, the enrolment procedure will require minimum paperwork.  In Ujjwala 2.0, migrants will not be required to submit ration cards or address proof.  A self-declaration for both ‘family declaration’ and as a ‘proof of address’ will suffice. Ujjwala 2.0 will help achieve the Prime Minister’s vision of universal access to LPG. News Source: PIB (Mains Focus) ENVIRONMENT/DISASTER GS-3: Disaster and disaster management.  GS-3: Environmental Conservation & Climate Change Slowing down of Atlantic Ocean Current System Context: A study published in Nature Climate Change notes that the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is losing its stability What is AMOC? The AMOC is a large system of ocean currents.  It is the Atlantic branch of the ocean conveyor belt or Thermohaline circulation (THC), and distributes heat and nutrients throughout the world’s ocean basins. AMOC carries warm surface waters from the tropics towards the Northern Hemisphere, where it cools and sinks.  It then returns to the tropics and then to the South Atlantic as a bottom current.  From there it is distributed to all ocean basins via the Antarctic circumpolar current. What happens if AMOC collapses? Gulf Stream, a part of the AMOC, is a warm current responsible for mild climate at the Eastern coast of North America as well as Europe. Without a proper AMOC and Gulf Stream, Europe will be very cold. Modelling studies have shown that an AMOC shutdown would cool the northern hemisphere and decrease rainfall over Europe.  It can also have an effect on the El Nino. There will be sea ice increases over the Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian seas and to the south of Greenland, and a significant southward rain-belt migration over the tropical Atlantic Previous models overestimated the AMOC’s stability as it did not look at freshwater influence. Freshwater from melting Greenland ice sheets and the Arctic region can make circulation weaker as it is not as dense as saltwater and doesn’t sink to the bottom. Has the AMOC weakened before? AMOC and Thermo-haline Circulation strength has always been fluctuating, mainly if we look at the late Pleistocene time period (last 1 million years).  The extreme glacial stages have seen weaker circulation and slowdown in AMOC, while the glacial terminations have shown a stronger AMOC and circulation. But the changes we experience in the last 100-200 years are anthropogenic, and these abrupt changes are destabilising the AMOC, which could collapse the system In February, researchers noted that AMOC is at its weakest in over a millennium.  The study results suggest that AMOC has been relatively stable until the late 19th century. With the end of the little ice age in about 1850, the ocean currents began to decline, with a second, more drastic decline following since the mid-20th century Why is the AMOC slowing down? Climate models have long predicted that global warming can cause a weakening of the major ocean systems of the world. Melting of Arctic: Researchers noted that a part of the Arctic’s ice called “Last Ice Area” has melted. The freshwater from the melting ice reduces the salinity and density of the water. Now, the water is unable to sink as it used to and weakens the AMOC flow. Indian Ocean Warming: As the Indian Ocean warms faster and faster, it generates additional precipitation. With so much precipitation in the Indian Ocean, there will be less precipitation in the Atlantic Ocean, leading to higher salinity in the waters of the tropical portion of the Atlantic. This saltier water in the Atlantic, as it comes north via AMOC, will get cold much quicker than usual and sink faster. This would act as a jump start for AMOC, intensifying the circulation If other tropical oceans’ warming, especially the Pacific, catches up with the Indian Ocean, the advantage for AMOC will stop. Conclusion If we continue to drive global warming, the Gulf Stream System will weaken further – by 34 to 45 percent by 2100 according to the latest generation of climate models We urgently need to reconcile our models with the presented observational evidence to assess how far or how close the AMOC really is to its critical threshold. Connecting the dots: El-Nino Floods in Europe ECONOMY/ GOVERNANCE GS-2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors  GS-3: Indian Economy and challenges with regard to resource mobilization Electricity amendment bill 2021  Context: The Central government is facing opposition to the Electricity Amendment Bill 2021 even before it is introduced in Parliament. West Bengal CM has written to PM requesting that the Bill not be brought before Parliament claiming it was “anti-people” and would promote crony capitalism.  What are the key changes in the Electricity Act that the amendment seeks to bring? The Amendment is bringing in provisions to de-license power distribution allowing private sector players to enter the sector and compete with state-owned power distribution companies (discoms). The move would allow consumers to choose between power distribution companies.  Finance Minister had announced in the union budget that the government would bring a framework to allow consumers to choose between power distribution companies. Power distribution in most of the country is currently controlled by state-owned distribution companies with some cities including Delhi, Mumbai and Ahmedabad being exceptions where private players operate power distribution. Discoms are however struggling with high levels of losses and debt. What is are the objections to delicensing of power distribution? States have highlighted concerns that allowing the entry of private players could lead to “cherry-picking”, with private players providing power to only commercial and industrial consumers and not residential and agricultural consumers.  Tariffs for power currently vary widely in India with commercial and industrial players cross subside the power consumption of rural residential consumers and agricultural consumers by paying far higher tariffs. There is fear that the amendment would lead to “a concentration of private, profit-focussed utility players in the lucrative urban-industrial segments while poor and rural consumers would be left to be tended by public sector discoms.” This would make it difficult for existing Public sector discoms to continue to operate if all their industrial commercials are taken over by the private sector Also, earlier plans to introduce private sector players had also envisaged a gradual reduction in cross-subsidy levels which have not materialised. Other key concerns that states have raised are higher penalties for failure to meet Renewable Energy Purchase Obligations (RPOs)  Also, States are objecting the requirement that Regional Load Dispatch Centres and State Load Dispatch Centres follow instructions by the National Load Dispatch Centre. This proposed amendment is criticised as being the spirit of federalism Way Forward A universal service obligation in which any private player will be required to provide power supply to all consumers including residential and agricultural consumers may help address the issue of cross-subsidy Minimum area to be covered by private sector competitors needs to be defined in a manner to include an urban rural mix, a universal service obligation, and elements of cross-subsidy in the ceiling tariff. Connecting the dots: Draft Electricity Amendment Bill COVID-19: Opportunity for energy sector reforms UDAY Scheme  (AIR – SPOTLIGHT) Spotlight 24 (July): AIR NEWS EXCLUSIVE- Interview with Union Steel Minister RCP Singh  ECONOMY/ GOVERNANCE GS-2: India Economy  GS-2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Changes in Insolvency Act Context: The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Bill, 2021 was introduced in Lok Sabha on July 26, 2021.  It amends the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016.   Insolvency is a situation where individuals or companies are unable to repay their outstanding debt. The Bill replaces the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021, which was promulgated on April 4, 2021. The Code provides a time-bound process for resolving the insolvency of corporate debtors (within 330 days) called the corporate insolvency resolution process (CIRP).   The debtor himself or its creditors may apply for initiation of CIRP in the event of a default of at least one lakh rupees.   Under CIRP, a committee of creditors is constituted to decide on the insolvency resolution.  The committee may consider a resolution plan which typically provides for the payoff of debt by merger, acquisition, or restructuring of the company.   If a resolution plan is not approved by the committee of creditors within the specified time, the company is liquidated.  During CIRP, the affairs of the company are managed by the resolution professional (RP), who is appointed to conduct CIRP. What exactly does this amendment do?  The Bill introduces an alternate insolvency resolution process for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), called the pre-packaged insolvency resolution process (PIRP). It creates a framework for small enterprises to be a part of insolvency process. The current corporate insolvency resolution process that is there for MSME is very a well worked but rather expensive and given the size and scale of MSME it’s not required hence the government has come up with the pre-packaged insolvency resolution process (PIRP). Application for initiating PIRP may be filed in the event of a default of at least one lakh rupees. The central government may increase the threshold of minimum default up to one crore rupees through a notification. PIRP may be initiated in the event of a default by a corporate debtor classified as an MSME under the MSME Development Act, 2006.   Currently, under the 2006 Act, an enterprise with an annual turnover of up to Rs 250 crore, and investment in plant and machinery or equipment up to Rs 50 crore, is classified as an MSME.   For initiating PIRP, the corporate debtor himself must apply to the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT).  The authority must approve or reject the application for PIRP within 14 days of its receipt. Rationale of the need behind the pre-packaged insolvency resolution process (PIRP) Unlike CIRP, PIRP may be initiated only by debtors.  The debtor should have a base resolution plan in place.  During PIRP, the management of the company will remain with the debtor. This allows faster mode of resolution from both sides (debtor and creditors). Hence it has the advantage of providing speedy resolution and not choking the capacity of the existing system. Unlock land labour and capital and cleaning up sheet of the books of the bank by fastening the resolution process. Help the MSME sector which is recovering from the pandemic shock. How will the pre-packaged insolvency resolution process (PIRP) work? For applying for PIRP, the debtor must obtain approval of at least 66% of its financial creditors (in value of debt due to creditors) who are not related parties of the debtor.   Before seeking such approval, the debtor must provide creditors with a base resolution plan (RP).   The debtor will submit the base resolution plan to the RP within two days of the commencement of the PIRP.   A committee of creditors will be constituted within seven days of the PIRP commencement date, which will consider the base resolution plan.   The committee may provide the debtor with an opportunity to revise the plan.  The RP may also invite resolution plans from other persons.   Alternative resolution plans may be invited if the base plan:  is not approved by the committee, or  is unable to pay the debt of operational creditors (claims related to the provision of goods and services). A resolution plan must be approved by the committee (with at least 66% of the voting shares) within 90 days from the commencement date of PIRP.   The resolution plan approved by the committee will be examined by the NCLT.  If no resolution plan is approved by the committee, the RP may apply for the termination of PIRP.   The authority must either approve the plan or order termination of PIRP within 30 days of receipt.  Termination of PIRP will result in the liquidation of the corporate debtor. During PIRP, the debtor will be provided with a moratorium under which certain actions against the debtor will be prohibited.  These include filing or continuation of suits, execution of court orders, or recovery of property.  During PIRP, the board of directors or partners of the debtor will continue to manage the affairs of the debtor.  However, the management of the debtor may be vested with the RP if there has been fraudulent conduct or gross mismanagement. At any time from the PIRP commencement date but before the approval of the resolution plan, the committee of creditors may decide (with at least 66% of the voting shares) to terminate PIRP and instead initiate CIRP. How the IBC act has performed so far? Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code 2016, (IBC) in a span of four years, has turned out to be the proverbial giant in the annals of Indian corporate law.  The legislation catapulted India in World Bank’s Doing Business rankings from a lowly 142 in 2014 to 63 in 2019.  Jurisprudence of any legislation takes time to evolve and IBC was no exception. Covid-19 disrupted IBC’s stellar run as filings under IBC were suspended. An opportunity to reduce the backlog amidst Covid-19 was missed, which would have been possible, with better infrastructure, more members, and expeditious hearings. Can you attempt this question now? Discuss the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Bill, 2021.  (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1 Which of the following tribal group is Famous for their typical Dhemsa dance which is performed by the women wearing saree called Kereng?  Godaba Gond  Paroja Omanatya Q.2 Which of the following Act does not deal with adoption?  Guardians and Wards Act, 1890   Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956. Juvenile Justice Act  Both (b) and (c Q.3 Kunduz, Sar-e-Pul and Taloqan cities, recently seen in news, are located in which of the following country?  Syria Lebanon Afghanistan  Pakistan  ANSWERS FOR 7th August 2021 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) D D C C D D Must Read On shutting down of old power plants: The Hindu On Police Brutality: Indian Express On Secure Indian Ocean: Indian Express

Aug 9, 2021 Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series for UPSC

[Day 71]: UPSC PRELIMS 2021- Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series

Highlights/Features of Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series:  It is a FREE initiative! Program Duration - 120 Days (31st May, 2021 to 27th September, 2021). 1. Dedicated Portal for Focused Preparation There will be a separate dedicated portal to help you stay focused and keep your preparation streamlined for the next 120 Days. The Registration link for the dedicated portal is given at the end of the post. 2. 120 Days Integrated (Prelims + Mains) Time Table This year’s RaRe Series will include Integrated Revision Plan (IRP) where we will be syncing your mains and prelims syllabus together over next 120 Days. The Revision Plan is designed by integrating IASbaba's famous flagship initiatives - 60 Day Plan and TLP Mains Answer Writing. 3. Daily RaRe Series (RRS) Videos on High Probable Topics (Monday - Friday) In video discussions, special focus is given to topics which have high probability to appear in UPSC Prelims Question Paper. Each session will be of 20 mins to 30 mins, which would cover rapid revision of 10 high probable topics (both static and current affairs) important for Prelims Exam this year according to the schedule. 4. Daily Prelims MCQs from Static (Monday - Friday) Daily Static Quiz will cover all the topics of static subjects – Polity, History, Geography, Economics, Environment and Science and technology. 10 questions will be posted daily and these questions are framed from the topics mentioned in the schedule and in the RaRe videos. It will ensure timely and streamlined revision of your static subjects. Note: Should be integrated with the 60 Days Plan 2021. This will expose you to diverse questions from the same topics. 5. Daily Current Affairs MCQs (Monday - Saturday) Daily 5 Current Affairs questions, based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, would be published from Monday to Saturday. Note: Current Affairs questions covered in the 60 Days Plan and Daily Quiz Monthly Compilations should be covered retrospectively. 6. Daily CSAT Quiz (Monday - Friday) CSAT has been an achilles heel for many aspirants. Daily 5 CSAT Questions will be published. 7. Daily Mains Answer Writing (Monday - Friday) GS Mains will be covered along with Prelims in an integrated manner. Daily three Mains questions will be covered syllabus-wise according to the topics mentioned in the schedule. In total, it covers 250+ Mains Questions along with synopsis. 8. Brainstorming on Ethics & Essay (BEE) (Saturday & Sunday) Each week, Sunil Oberoi Sir (Retd. IAS) will take 3 sessions, two for Essay and one for Ethics. The two sessions earmarked for Essay will have a topic-based discussion where he will discuss the approach to write issue-based and philosophical essays. The topics will be picked from previous year question papers of UPSC and TLP initiative of IASbaba. 9. Full Mocks 3 GS Paper 1 Full Mocks will be provided along the lines of UPSC Prelims. 3 CSAT Paper 2 Full Mocks will be provided so that you are not overwhelmed during the D-Day. 10. Rapid Revision (RaRe) Notes Right material plays important role in clearing the exam and Rapid Revision (RaRe) Notes will have Prelims specific subject-wise refined notes. The main objective is to help students revise most important topics and that too within a very short limited time frame. Day-71 of RaRe Series - Click here To Register - Click here For complete details of the RaRe Series -  Click here

Aug 9, 2021 Important Articles

[WEEK 12] ESSAY 24: "A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge" | BRAINSTORMING ON ETHICS & ESSAY (BEE) by Sunil Oberoi Sir

Dear Students, As part of our new initiative, BRAINSTORMING ON ETHICS & ESSAY (BEE), here we have come up with the Twenty-Fourth session. BEE is a FREE ONLINE (YOUTUBE) initiative, exclusively for Essay and Ethics curated by IASbaba’s renowned faculty member, Shri Sunil Oberoi Sir (former IAS Officer). The Twenty-Fourth essay focuses on the theme, ''. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GINIMjN0so0 Sunil Oberoi Sir has worked on Civil Services Reforms in India with UNDP and DoPT. He was a government nominee in interview boards and Examiner in various govt. exams. He was also associated with induction training of new entrants of Civil Services and In-Service training of Senior Civil Servants. To Know More about BEE Initiative -> CLICK HERE Download the schedule: Click Here For Any Queries: Email ID: support@iasbaba.com Mobile No: 91691 91888 (Please call between 10 AM – 6 PM ONLY)   Thank You IASbaba