Dec 16, 2020 RSTV Video

Special Marriage Act – The Big Picture – RSTV IAS UPSC

Special Marriage Act Archives Topic: General Studies 1: Social empowerment Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India. In News: The Allahabad high Court, while issuing an order in a habeas corpus writ petition recently, said it is disturbing that one should change one's faith just for the sake of matrimony when two persons professing different religions can marry under Special Marriage Act which is ‘one of the earliest endeavours towards Uniform Civil Code.  The order has come days after another HC judge had observed in another case that religious conversion just for the sake of marriage was not acceptable.   The court made the comments after finding that a Muslim woman had converted to Hinduism, and a month later married as per Hindu rituals.  It had found such an expedient conversion unacceptable, citing a similar 2014 verdict in which the court had questioned the bonafides of conversions without change of heart or any conviction in the tenets of the new religion.  Although the court strayed from the issue at hand, its objective was to underscore that conversion should not become a device. It is indeed salutary as a principle that inter-faith couples retain their religious beliefs separately and opt for marriage under the Special Marriage Act. Meanwhile, four states MP, UP, Haryana and Karnataka are considering bringing a legislation to deal with cases of “love jihad”. Special marriage Act in India In a marriage under the Special Marriage Act, 1954 allows people from two different religious backgrounds to come together in the bond of marriage. The Special Marriage Act, 1954 lays down the procedure for both solemnization and registration of marriage, where either of the husband or wife or both are not Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, or Sikhs. All marriages in India can be registered under the respective personal law Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, Muslim Marriage Act, 1954, or under the Special Marriage Act, 1954. It is the duty of the judiciary to ensure that the rights of both the husband and wife are protected. What is the issue? However, registration of such a marriage under the law requires the marriage officer to first issue a 30-day public notice — with details like name, occupation, age and address — about the intended marriage for invitation of objections from public. The objections are limited to technical aspects like soundness of mind, age and existence of any spouse of the parties intending to register the marriage but the notice at times becomes a reason for life threats for couples fleeing their homes and wanting to marry as per their own choice. Section 6 violates the fundamental right to privacy. Such an apprehension is not unwarranted even though the problem lies not in the spirit but the misuse of the clause. Earlier this year in Kerala, notices of inter-faith marriages under the Special Marriage Act were reported to have been circulated on social media by right-wing groups as instances of ‘love jihad’ and led to communal tensions in some places. There is thus the possibility of bureaucratic corruption leading to such sensitive data falling in unscrupulous hands. The consequences, the tradition of honour killings shows, can be lethal for the couple. In brief, this calls for urgent attention on two pertinent issues:  The constitutionality of making personal information available online The scourge of stoking communal hatred using the reprehensible tag, ‘love jihad.’ PIL against 30-day notice period under Special Marriage Act There is no such provision under personal laws with regard to same-faith marriages. The “objections can be mitigated on the basis of certificates issued by government hospitals” and that the procedure is discriminatory in nature, intended to discourage interfaith marriages like theirs. The petition contends it is “of paramount importance in the current scenario that couples opting for cross-community marriages are adequately protected”. The petition has also urged the court to declare as “illegal, null, void and unconstitutional” the provisions of the Act which lay down the procedure of 30 day notice for inviting objections. The Way Forward Public Notice: Instead of issuing a public notice, can the marriage registrar be authorized to examine the veracity of the application and alert the authorities only when mala fide intent is suspected? Here toso, there must be serious deliberations on the method of assessment of such applications so that a routine examination does not get transformed into an act of surveillance. Love Jihaad: It is important to note that no term called ‘love jihad’ is defined in current Indian laws. During the Parliamentary session in the Lok Sabha in February 2020, Minister of State for Home Affairs G Kishan Reddy pointed this out and had even acknowledged that no case of ‘love jihad’ has been reported by any of the central agencies. Article 25 of the Constitution provides the freedom to profess, practice and propagate religion subject to public order, morality and health. Various courts have upheld this view, including the Kerala High Court. The ruling of the Punjab and Haryana High Court, which said that the State and its institutions must not be seen as “laying snares and landmines” in the path of consenting adults from different faiths, must be taken as a model to emulate. The tension, however, lies elsewhere. Marriage still requires a societal seal of approval of what is essentially a deeply personal bond. Such approval is predicated upon the possibility of interference. Note: Habeas corpus: A writ of habeas corpus (which literally means to "produce the body") is a court order demanding that a public official (such as a warden) deliver an imprisoned individual to the court and show a valid reason for that person's detention. Connecting the Dots: The loud politics of ‘love jihad’ Uniform Civil Code What is the philosophy behind ‘Love Jihad’? Discuss.

Dec 16, 2020 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 16th December 2020

Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) India Water Impact 2020 Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Environment In news India Water Impact Summit, held recently, saw many experts from India and abroad sharing their insights on the topic of conservation and development. Key takeaways India Water Impact 2020 is a five-day long summit. Experts and academicians from all over the world discuss and debate issues related to water conservation, water security and river rejuvenation during the summit. The event is co-organised by National Mission for Clean Ganga and Centre for Ganga River Basin Management and Studies. During the event, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research signed MOU with cGanga (think-tank of NMCG) for development of sludge management framework in India. Vision 2035: Public Health Surveillance In India Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Environment In news NITI Aayog recently released a white paper: Vision 2035: Public Health Surveillance in India. Key takeaways Vision: is to make India’s public health surveillance system more responsive and predictive to enhance preparedness for action at all levels. The white paper lays out India’s vision 2035 for public health surveillance through the integration of the three-tiered public health system into Ayushman Bharat. The building blocks for this vision are an interdependent governance between the Centre and states, a new data-sharing mechanism which involves the use of new analytics, health informatics, and data science including innovative ways of disseminating ‘information for action’. Citizen-friendly public health surveillance system will ensure individual privacy and confidentiality, enabled with a client feedback mechanism. Improved data-sharing mechanism between Centre and states for better disease detection, prevention, and control. India aims to provide regional and global leadership in managing events that constitute a public health emergency of international concern. Species in news: Himalayan Serow Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Biodiversity In news A Himalayan serow has been sighted for the first time in the Himalayan cold desert region of Spiti, Himachal Pradesh. Wildlife officials believe this particular animal may have strayed into the Spiti valley from the Rupi Bhaba Wildlife Sanctuary, HP  Important value addition Himalayan serow Scientific name: The Himalayan serow, or Capricornis sumatraensis thar It is a subspecies of the mainland serow (Capricornis sumatraensis). It resembles a cross between a goat, a donkey, a cow, and a pig.  It’s a medium-sized mammal with a large head, thick neck, short limbs, long, mule-like ears, and a coat of dark hair. There are several species of serows, and all of them are found in Asia.  Himalayan serows are typically found at altitudes between 2,000 metres and 4,000 metres. They are known to be found in eastern, central, and western Himalayas, but not in the Trans Himalayan region. It is herbivores.  IUCN Red List status: Vulnerable  It is listed under Schedule I of The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, which provides absolute protection. Species in news: Indian Gaur Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Biodiversity In news Indian Bison was in news recently. It was seen in Pune’s urban landscape which led to its capture and consequently died due to injury. The sad news of its death has put the spotlight on human-Gaur conflict in the country. Important value addition Indian Gaur Scientific Name: Bos Gaurus. It is one of the largest extant bovines.  It is one of the largest species among the wild cattle. Habitat: Gaurs are found on the forested hills and grassy areas of South to South-East Asia. They are found in India, China, Thailand, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Nepal. The Western Ghats in southern India constitute one of the most extensive extant strongholds of gaur, in particular in the Wayanad – Nagarhole – Mudumalai – Bandipur complex. The gaur is the State Animal of Goa and Bihar. IUCN status: Vulnerable  The Indian Government has included it in the Schedule I of the Wild Life Protection Act, 1972. It is listed in CITES Appendix I. TWG meeting held between India, Iran, and Uzbekistan on Chabahar port Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – International Relations In news The first Trilateral Working Group (TWG) Meeting between India, Iran and Uzbekistan on the joint use of Chabahar Port was held. Key takeaways The Meeting was jointly chaired by Secretary (Shipping), Government of India, Deputy Minister of Transport, Uzbekistan and Deputy Transport Minister of Iran. During the meeting, the participants discussed joint use of Chabahar Port for trade and transit purposes and enhanced regional connectivity. All sides also welcomed India’s proposal to hold "Chabahar Day” on the side-lines of the International Maritime Summit scheduled to be hosted by India in January 2021. The meeting was held as a follow up of decisions taken during the virtual summit held between Indian Prime Minister and President of Uzbekistan recently. Do you know? Chabahar Port is a seaport in Chabahar located in south-eastern Iran, on the Gulf of Oman.  It serves as Iran's only oceanic port, and consists of two separate ports named Shahid Kalantari and Shahid Beheshti. Related articles: Chabahar port and US sanctions: Click here India losing Chabahar project: Click here Iran dropping India from Chabahar Rail Project: Click here DakPay: New digital Payment App Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – Governance & GS-III - Infrastructure In news Department of Posts and India Post Payments Bank unveiled a new digital payment app DakPay. Key takeaways DakPay is a suite of digital financial and assisted banking services provided by India Post & IPPB through the trusted Postal (‘Dak’) network across the nation to cater to the financial needs (‘Pay’) of various sections of the society. DakPay UPI app allows users to create UPI ID and link multiple accounts across banks in a single mobile app.  The app facilitates instant money transfers, QR based payments in merchant stores and online shopping on e-commerce websites. Israel establishes diplomatic ties with Bhutan  Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – International Relations In news Recently, Israel has established diplomatic ties with Bhutan. Key takeaways Earlier, Israel has supported Bhutanese human resource development since 1982, especially in the area of agriculture development that has benefited hundreds of Bhutanese youths. The two nations established a formal diplomatic relation and agreed to work closely together in various sectors. The two sides will not be setting up embassies and will coordinate through their missions in Delhi. The establishment of diplomatic relations would create new avenues for cooperation between the two countries in water management, technology, human resource development, agricultural sciences and other areas of mutual benefit. As for tourism, Bhutan that limits the number of outsiders who can enter will now likely be more open to Israelis. The ties between the peoples through cultural exchanges and tourism would also be further enhanced. Related articles: Israel-Morocco deal: Click here Sudan and Israel: Click here Bahrain and Israel: Click here Abraham Accords: Click here Doctors witness increased cases of Covid-19 triggered Mucormycosis Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – International Relations In news Recently, doctors have witnessed increased cases of Covid-19 triggered Mucormycosis. The reduced immunity of Covid-19 patients makes them more susceptible to this fungal infection. Important value addition Mucormycosis is also called Black Fungus or Zygomycosis. It is a serious but rare fungal infection caused by a group of molds called mucormycetes. It occurs through inhalation, inoculation, or ingestion of spores from the environment. Mucormycosis does not spread between people or between people and animals. It usually occurs in people who have health problems or take medicines that lower the body’s ability to fight germs and sickness. Symptoms: One-sided facial swelling and numbness, headache, nasal or sinus congestion, black lesions on nasal bridge or upper inside of the mouth, fever, abdominal pain, nausea and gastrointestinal bleeding. It needs to be treated with prescription antifungal medicine. Often, mucormycosis requires surgery to cut away the infected tissue. There is no vaccine to prevent it. Early detection can prevent loss of eyesight, nose or jaw through clinical intervention. Miscellaneous Geminids Meteor Shower The Geminids meteor shower was in news recently. It is believed to be the strongest of the year which is active from December 4-December 20. The Geminids meteor showers are unique because their origin does not lie in a comet, but what is believed to be an asteroid or an extinct comet.  The Geminids emerge from 3200 Phaethon, which meteor scientists consider to be an asteroid. Meteors are bits of rock and ice that are ejected from comets as they manoeuvre around their orbits around the sun. When a meteor reaches the Earth, it is called a meteorite and a series of meteorites, when encountered at once, is termed a meteor shower. (Mains Focus) JUDICIARY/ GOVERNANCE Topic: General Studies 2: Structure, organization and functioning of the Judiciary Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors Inadequacies of Justice Delivery System. Context:  The citizens of the country expect the Judicial institution and its constituents to be ideal. As a result of the unrelenting focus on the Supreme court, the other inadequacies of the system don’t get as much public attention. A few important ones are dealt with below. 1. Spending on judiciary The issue of spending on judiciary is equated with a call for increasing the salaries of judges and providing better court infrastructure. Such perceptions are unfortunate.  India has one of the most comprehensive legal aid programmes in the world, the Legal Services Authority Act of 1987. Under this law, all women, irrespective of their financial status, SCs, STs and children are entitled to free legal aid. This means that a significant proportion of the population falls — or is supposed to fall — under a free legal aid regime. However, in reality, this law is a dead letter.  There has been little effort on the part of successive governments to provide a task force of carefully selected, well-trained and reasonably paid advocates to provide these services. In comparison, the system of legal aid in the U.K. identifies and funds several independent solicitor offices to provide such services. If support is withdrawn, many solicitor offices that provide these invaluable services would collapse and with that, the rule of law. India is yet to put in place anything similar to this. 2. Poor Judge Population Ratio The U.S. has about 100 judges per million population. Canada has about 75 and the U.K. has about 50.  On the other hand, India has only 19 judges per million population. Of these, at any given point, at least one-fourth is always vacant.  While vacancies to the Supreme Court and the High Courts is hotly debated, hardly any attention is focused on this gaping inadequacy in lower courts which is where the common man first comes into contact with the justice delivery system.  In All India Judges Association v. Union of India (2001), the Supreme Court had directed the Government of India to increase the judge-population ratio to at least 50 per million population within five years from the date of the judgment. This has not been implemented. 3. Access to Justice  Though ‘access to justice’ has not been specifically spelt out as a fundamental right in the Constitution, it has always been treated as such by Indian courts. In Anita Kushwaha v. Pushpa Sadan (2016), the Supreme Court held unambiguously that “life” implies not only life in the physical sense but a bundle of rights that also means right to access justice Further, the court pointed out four important components of access to justice. It pointed out the need for adjudicatory mechanisms. It said that the mechanism must be conveniently accessible in terms of distance and that the process of adjudication must be speedy and affordable to the disputants.  4. Other Issues  A disproportionate amount of attention that is given to the functioning of the Supreme Court, important as it is, distracts from above and similar issues.  Government is yet to draw out a national policy and road map for clearing backlogs and making judicial delivery smooth and efficient Increasing tribunalisation of the justice delivery process The extortionate court fees payable to access justice in civil suits in some States;  The poor integration of technology into the system Conclusion Let us assume that the apex court achieves the distinction of being “ideal” in the near future, of being all things to all people. Still, a fine mind alone is of little avail if the rest of the body lies disabled, as the justice delivery system is today. INTERNATIONAL / SECURITY Topic: General Studies 2: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests. India is right to bet on a post-Brexit UK Context: India recently invited the United Kingdom (UK)’s Prime Minister Boris Johnson as chief guest for Republic Day 2021. The visit will take place less than a month after the UK leaves the European Union — with or without a deal. The timing and occasion of the visit signals intent on both sides to develop a genuine partnership. For decades, India-UK relations remained suboptimal because neither side was invested in truly understanding what the other valued. Some of the reasons that led to suboptimal relationship are Kashmir Issue: In India, London’s motivations were — incorrectly — viewed as a former colonial power’s (UK) desire to weigh in on regional issues such as Kashmir by tilting towards Pakistan. Post-Study Work Permit: London scrapped the post-study work permit for international students which led to a sharp drop in Indian student numbers between 2013-17, even as Chinese student numbers swelled based on special visa arrangements. This trend is now reversing as the post-study work permit has been reintroduced. Afghan War: In UK, India’s lack of appreciation for the UK’s security concerns about troops in Afghanistan and radicalisation at home — both of which necessitate a security partnership with Pakistan — remained an irritant. Military Purchases: India’s 2012 decision to purchase the French Dassault Rafale over the UK’s Eurofighter Typhoon fighter jet increased the estrangement Brexit: London became busy in its domestic political turmoil and bureaucratic transitions. But whenever it did express interest to augment the relationship, New Delhi refused citing Brexit-related uncertainties. Economic reasons: India has shied away from FTA given London’s emphasis on easy capital flows to and from India, which would hit Indian producers and retailers hard, without entertaining India’s reciprocal demand for liberal labour flows.  PM Johnson’s visit offers an opportunity for a reset. Signing FTAs: Though difficult to achieve in the short-term, both countries have an incentive to explore the viability of a Free Trade Agreement (FTA). With both the economies under stress due to the pandemic, they have an incentive to revisit the irritants in signing the FTA. Alternative to RCEP: Trade Agreement with UK offer an alternative as India seeks to reduce economic linkages with China. India’s decision to stay out of RCEP will help capitalise on British, and European, economic overtures China Factor: In addition to economic incentives, London’s sharp downturn in relations with Beijing since the introduction of the draconian national security law in Hong Kong imparts strategic synergy to India-UK relations UK’s Foreign Policy: The UK’s Integrated Review of Security, Defence, Development, and Foreign Policy 2021 has indicated that London must tilt towards the Indo-Pacific. The aim is to augment the UK’s presence in the Indian Ocean Region and work with powers such as India, Japan, and Australia, along with the EU and the US, to counter China. Vaccine Development: India remains a top global exporter of raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry and will play an important role in the mass production of the Covid-19 vaccine.  Collaboration in sectors such as digital technology, the climate crisis, and vaccine development will also see a fillip if both countries sign FTA and collaborate together. Conclusion There are miles to go before this partnership realises its true potential, but it is set to become “poll-proof” as India bets on a post-Brexit UK (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note:  Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers.  Comments Up-voted by IASbaba are also the “correct answers”. Q.1 Vision 2035: Public Health Surveillance in India was recently released by which of the following? Ministry of Health NITI Aayog World Health Organisation AIIMS Q.2 Consider the following about Himalayan Serow: It is found in Trans-Himalayan region. Its IUCN status is Threatened Which of the above is/correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.3 Where is Rupi Bhaba Wildlife Sanctuary situated? Rajasthan Himachal Pradesh Uttarakhand Assam ANSWERS FOR 15th December 2020 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 C 2 B Must Read About PM-WANI Scheme: The Hindu About lawsuits against big tech: The Hindu About need to develop clear roadmap for disinvestment: Indian Express

Dec 16, 2020 TLP Mains 2020

IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 2 - ENGLISH & हिंदी): UPSC Mains Answer Writing - General Studies Paper 2 Questions[16th DECEMBER,2020] - Day 57

For Previous TLP (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE Hello Friends, Welcome to IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 2 - ENGLISH & हिंदी): UPSC Mains Answer Writing - General Studies Paper 2 Questions[16th DECEMBER,2020] - Day 57   We will make sure, in the next 3 months not a single day is wasted. All your energies are channelized in the right direction. Trust us! This will make a huge difference in your results this time, provided that you follow this plan sincerely every day without fail. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. We are giving 5 Mains Questions on Daily basis so that every student can actively participate and keep your preparation focused. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” To Know More about the Initiative -> CLICK HERE SCHEDULE/DETAILED PLAN – > CLICK HERE   Note: Click on Each Question (Link), it will open in a new tab and then Answer respective questions! 1. What are the recent trends in Indo-Bangladesh relations? Examine. What is the strategic significance of Bangladesh for India? Discuss.  भारत-बांग्लादेश संबंधों में हालिया रुझान क्या हैं? जांच करें। भारत के लिए बांग्लादेश का रणनीतिक महत्व क्या है? चर्चा करें। 2. Examine India’s recent efforts to counter the threat of terrorism originating from Pakistan.  पाकिस्तान से उत्पन्न आतंकवाद के खतरे का मुकाबला करने के लिए भारत के हाल के प्रयासों का परीक्षण करें। 3. What are the major irritants in Indo-Nepal relations? What are their fallouts? Examine. भारत-नेपाल संबंधों में प्रमुख अड़चनें क्या हैं? उनके परिणाम क्या हैं? जांच करें। 4. Has India committed a blunder by not entering the RCEP? Critically examine. क्या भारत ने आरसीईपी में प्रवेश न करके कोई अपराध किया है? समालोचनात्मक जांच करें। 5. Will the results of the recent presidential election in the USA affect India’s interests? Critically examine. क्या संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका में हाल के राष्ट्रपति चुनाव के परिणाम भारत के हितों को प्रभावित करेंगे? समालोचनात्मक जांच करें। P.S: The review from IASbaba will happen from the time the question is posted till 10 pm everyday. We would also encourage peer reviews. So friends get actively involved and start reviewing each others answers. This will keep the entire community motivated. All the Best :)

Dec 16, 2020 TLP Mains 2020

SYNOPSIS [14th DECEMBER,2020] Day 55: IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 2): UPSC Mains Answer Writing (General Studies)

For Previous TLP (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE   SYNOPSIS [14th DECEMBER,2020] Day 55: IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 2): UPSC Mains Answer Writing (General Studies)   Q.1 What are the challenges of governance in India’s multifaceted federal polity? Illustrate. Approach - It expects students to write about role of governance and various challenges of governance in India multifaceted federal polity with illustrations. Introduction Governance can be defined as 'the process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented.’ Governance refers to the decision-making and administration involved in any federal level, i.e., national, regional, local, etc. Government is a key actor in governance.  Body Various challenges of governance in India’s multifaceted federal policy: Centralised Planning: Planning with consultation is important feature of governance. Union Government enjoys unbridled authority over national and regional planning in India. Centralised planning, through the Planning Commission, now NITI Aayog appointed by the Centre, considerable preponderance in legislative power for the Union, the financial dependence of the states on the Centre’s mercy. The States only fill the blank spaces meant for in the text for planning. There is no special planning commission for the states in India. Unequal Representation of Units: With a view to preventing the evil of predominant influence of larger units over smaller units in a federation. Effective participation of smaller groups and units are crucial for governance. In India, there is no such provision of an equal representation of states in the Rajya Sabah, the Second Chamber and nor the states have any substantial say over the amendments done to the Constitution from time to time. Lacks fiscal autonomy: Autonomy being the important facet of governance. The current Goods and Services Tax measure is feared by many states to be against fiscal federalism in India. It has amalgamated the various taxes into a single tax, procurement of which will then be divided among states in a prescribed ratio. Many states in India demand for more financial autonomy in India. Regionalism: Demands on grounds of regional aspirations are usually never silent methods of request, rather they tend to take major violent forms; disrupting the governance environment of the nation as a whole. The nation thus faces the challenge of internal security in the form of insurgency and this causes upheavals in the basic notion of Indian federation. For example West Bengal threatened India’s Teesta river waters treaty with Bangladesh because of its possible potential costs for West Bengal. Governor's Office: The most paramount executive power at governor’s disposal is that he can recommend the imposition of constitutional emergency in a state. State of Arunachal Pradesh saw the imposition of President’s rule in its territory despite there being an already elected government in the same. Supreme Court overruled the Governor’s decision as unconstitutional. But, what came in the light amidst all this chaos was how the over supportive relationship with the Central government and the Governor of the State can impose serious threats to the quasi-federal style of Indian Governance. Lack of equity and inclusiveness: Good governance assures an equitable society. Differences economic standards and relative economic and fiscal incompatibilities among the constituent states also pose a threat to a federation. Demand for a financial equality of a region creates problems in a federation. In India, some states are declared as poor and on the principle of equalization, are getting grants- in-aid.  Inadequate Efficiency and empowerment: Governments at lower levels can only function efficiently if they are empowered to do so. This is particularly relevant for the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), which currently suffer from inadequate devolution of funds as well as functionaries to carry out the governance constitutionally assigned to them. Way forward –  Good Governance Index are to provide quantifiable data to compare the state of governance in all states and Union Territories, enable states and Union Territories to formulate and implement suitable strategies for improving governance and shift to result oriented approaches and administration. NITI Aayog plan for cooperative federalism. Measure such as 14th Finance Commission increased the tax devolution of the divisible pool to states from 32% to 42% for years 2015 to 2020. It provides more freedom to states to initiate schemes based on local factors. Conclusion The effective functioning of governance is the prime concern in the federal polity of the India. The citizens are ready to pay the price for good services offered by the state, but what is required is a transparent, accountable and intelligible governance system absolutely free from bias and prejudices. The government should continue to work on the ideals of Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas and Sabka Vishwas which will lead to inclusive federal polity. Q 2.How does transparency affect the efficiency in governance and public administration? Examine. Approach - It is strait forward question where it expects aspirants to write about how transparency in governance and public administration impacted efficiency. Introduction Transparency refers to unfettered access by the public to timely and reliable information on decisions and performance in the public sector. It helps to strengthen the foundations of democracy. It is used to imply openness and accountability. Body Transparency symbolizes a mechanism of promoting good governance and public trust in a democratic and modern public administration. Transparency contribute four kinds of outcomes in governance and public administration as follows: Better delivery of services –  Citizen report cards have considerable impact on local service delivery in some settings. Community monitoring of services, when combined with other factors contribute to more responsive delivery of services, such as increased teacher attendance in schools. Social audits contribute to exposure of corruption and enhanced effectiveness in programme implementation.  Participatory budgeting initiatives can – but do not necessarily contribute to multiple outcomes, including improved public services. Budget monitoring initiatives contribute to enhanced resources and efficiency in expenditure utilisation. Public Expenditure Tracking Surveys, when combined with public information campaigns, contribute to reduced leakages and thereby to improved delivery of services. Better budget utilisation –  Public Expenditure Tracking Surveys, when made public and linked to public information campaigns, contribute to reducing leakages in delivery of service-sector budgets locally. Complaint mechanisms about service provision contribute to reduction of corruption, by linking citizens directly to managers who can then hold managers to account.  The Right to Information legislation has been found through ‘Peoples’ Assessments’ to contribute to perceptions of satisfaction in a range of areas, including decline in corruption and curtailing wasteful public expenditure, exposing misuse of power and influence, and redressing grievances.  Greater state responsiveness –  Community score cards monitoring service delivery contribute to better user satisfaction. Freedom of Information contribute to improved government decision-making, public understanding, and increased trust between government and public. Freedom of Information requests contribute to responsiveness of public officials, though not always, and highly dependent on status of person submitting request and civil-society pressure. Building spaces for citizen engagement –  Information provision about education-related entitlements has been found by one study to have little impact by itself on the level of engagement with school systems by citizens claiming accountability. In another study, when tied to a community-based information campaign, positive impacts were found.  Participatory budgeting initiatives can – but do not necessarily –contribute to multiple outcomes, including new civic associations and strengthened democratic processes. Freedom of Information contribute to improve public understanding, enhanced public participation, and increased trust. The Right to Information campaign led to new legislation and widely mobilised constituencies to use information for developmental purposes. Conclusion Transparency is always for good and in the case of public administration it will make the officials more responsible. The change provides the power in the hands of public. It will eliminate the corrupt rule of the powerful bureaucrats. It will allow the democratic government to have a stable foundation for its people. The free flow of information will wipe out the complex problems existing in the system. Q3. Examine the ways in which data and digital technologies are transforming governance in India? Approach - It expects students to write about – transformation happen in governance due to use of data and digital technologies. To substantiate your points, mention examples and data/facts. Introduction Government and public service bodies were the late entrants into the digital world; slow and hesitant at the start they have now embraced digital with gusto. What started as online payment portals for electricity and phone bills has developed into a mission to provide digital access to all citizens. Body In the last few years, governance in India across sectors has been redefined through data and digital technologies. Data and digital technologies is reshaping the way government is designing and implementing programmes. The use of technology has brought in better systems, greater efficiency and is beginning to have a profound impact on governance. India has combined the use of unique biometric identifiers and financial inclusion for effectiveness in social benefits and to reduce the vast number of illegitimate beneficiaries under welfare programmes.  The Direct Benet Transfer (DBT) has been implemented across 437 schemes, and helped save Rs. 83,000 crores. Its implementation has led to 2.75 crore duplicate, fake or non-existent ration cards being deleted, and 3.85 crore duplicate and inactive consumers for liquid petroleum gas (LPG) subsidy being eliminated. The Public Financial Management System (PFMS) has led to the creation of a financial management platform for all plan schemes, a database of all recipient agencies, integration with core banking solution of banks, integration of state treasurers and tracking of fund ow to the lowest tier of implementation of plan schemes on real-time basis. PFMS has also led to just-in-time release of funds and efficient management in the use of funds, including ultimate utilisation. Digitisation has led to lower costs in collection of direct taxes. Almost 98.5% of all income-tax (I-T) returns have been led online. The I-T Department received 6.84 crore income-tax returns in 2017-18, a growth of 26%, and additionally, more than one crore new tax returns. Unified Payments Interface (UPI) and Bharat Bill Payment System (BBPS)have triggered a plethora of private sector-innovated apps, which have significantly eased citizens’ bill payments towards services provided by GoI. BBPS has more than doubled the number of bills paid digitally from April 2017 when the pilot was launched. The value of bills paid on the platform has jumped by about 46% during this period.  According to a KPMG report, the size of the bill payments market in India will reach. Rs.9.4 trillion by 2020. The rollout of the goods and services tax (GST) has resulted in a 50% increase in unique indirect taxpayers compared with the pre-GST system. This translates to a substantial 3.4 million new indirect taxpayers leading to a radical formalisation of the economy. Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation (PRAGATI) programme, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has used technology to cut across departmental silos and geographical boundaries to ensure speedy project implementation. He has dealt directly with senior central and state officials to monitor, review and evaluate progress of social sector schemes and infrastructure projects that were facing severe bottlenecks. A Microsoft-International Data Corporation (IDC) study, ‘Unlocking the Economic Impact of Digital Transformation in Asia Pacific’, predicts that digital transformation will add $154 billion to India’s GDP by 2021, increasing the growth rate by 1% annually. In 2017, about 4% of GDP was derived from digital products and services created directly through the use of technologies like Cloud, Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI). The Ayushman Bharat scheme digitally link primary and community health centres with district hospitals. Along with the Rs 5 lakh health insurance, which cover 50 crore Indians, it ensures healthcare through a paperless, cashless, portable scheme. The health stack linked to Aadhaar will be transformational. Conclusion For years, India has been a complex nation, making it difficult for the common man to access government services. The rapid adoption of digital technology across sectors is making things easy and eliminating all forms of human intervention. This has a major impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of governance. Q 4.Failure to scale up successful governance models is a critical challenge in India. Do you agree? How can it be addressed? Suggest.   Approach - As no specific directive like comment or critically is given here, it is necessary to answer directly according to the miscellaneous directives i.e. Do you agree, suggest. In the introduction candidate can define the successful governance model. You can cite any report to add a legitimacy to the definition. In the first part of main body part explain in detail the reasons behind it in detail. You need to cite respective data, facts for substantiation of your arguments. In the next part explain a way forward in detail. You can conclude by showcasing the benefits of successful governance model in brief.  Introduction UNDP describes governance as "a system of values, policies and institutions by which a society manages its economic, political and social affairs through interactions within and among the state, civil society and the private sector". Where, successful governance constitutes complete devolution of powers to local level and their respective successful implementation at the grass-root level.  Body The World Bank defines governance as 'how power is exercised in the management of a country's economic and social resources for development.' India is ranked 111 in World Bank's Global Governance Indicators (GGI) in 2016. Critical challenges to scale up successful governance model in India – Lack of Accountability: A common reason usually cited for inefficiency in governance is the inability within the system to hold the Civil Services accountable for their actions. Seldom are disciplinary proceedings initiated against delinquent government servants and imposition of penalties is even rarer. Low Levels of Awareness of the Rights and Duties of Citizens: Inadequate awareness about their rights prevents citizens from holding erring government servants to account. Similarly, low levels of compliance of Rules by the citizens also acts as an impediment to successful governance; when citizens do not adhere to their duties they infringe on the freedom and rights of other citizens. Ineffective Implementation of Laws and Rules: There is a large body of laws in the country, each legislated with different objectives-maintaining public order and safety, maintaining sanitation and hygiene, protecting rights of citizens, giving special protection to the vulnerable sections etc.  Red Tapism:  Bureaucracies the world over are expected to adhere to rules and procedures which are, of course, important for succeful governance. However, at times, these rules and procedures are ill-conceived and cumbersome and, therefore, do not serve their purpose. Hunger and Poverty are the biggest challenges for succeful governance in India. Which actually eats up more of resources required to be implemented in to successful governance. For instance, The latest Global Hunger Index (GHI) 2019 has ranked India a lowly 102 among the 117 countries slipped from 95th position in 2010. Digital illiteracy in India is also a major impediment for successful governance in India. For instance, As per a report from the Digital Empowerment Foundation in 2018, around 90% of India's population is digitally illiterate. Besides, Limited digitalisation of government offices and inadequate infrastructure has further been a stumbling block in ensuring effective transparency and accountability measures. In ideal scenario if we observe successful governance is based on four E's of good governance, i.e. Ethos, Equity, Ethics and Efficiency. Hence, to scale up the successful governance model it is necessary to take the following steps.  Transparency is broadly accepted as a major principle of successful governance. Transparency allows stakeholders to collect information that may be critical to uncovering abuses and defending their interests. Likewise, transparency increases accountability of the Government officials. Hence, increasing transparency through governance will scale up successful governance in India.  The declaration of Right To Information Act (2015) set the stage for transparency in the functioning of the government and its various agencies. Under this Act, access to information from a public agency has become a statutory right of every citizen.  Accountability become another crucial concept in maintaining successful governance. Accountability means being answerable for the performance of tasks assigned to a person. Additionally, it is also important to be clear about the responsibility for performance of those tasks; person responsible and whether it is clear to them.  For instance, Citizens Charter Bill 2011 aims at providing rights to citizens for time bound delivery of goods and services and provide a Grievance Redressal Mechanism. Such a bill was previously recommended by the Second Administrative Reforms Commission. E-Governance initiatives for providing an accountable administration and swift delivery of services include a framework for efficient handling of public grievances through the Centralised Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System (CPGRAMS) which is already in place. Which will scale up the successful governance in India.  Rule of law: Without rule of law successful governance can't be ensured. It is also important that laws must benefit every individual of the society. Thus states must ensure rule of law in the territory. Democratic decentralisation: Participation of the people either direct or indirect in the development and decision making process is one of the cornerstones of good governance. Democratic decentralisation should be emphasised which entails power to the Gram Panchayats and people at the lowest level of political hierarchy. There is imperative need to strengthen and widen the national public information infrastructure through developing information networks for wider access of digital information through wider use of information technologies. Changing the mindset of the government employees is important. This will be addressed to organizing programmes for orientation, training and capacity building.  Conclusion The successful functioning of governance is the pillar of an efficient democracy. What is required is transparent, accountable and intelligible governance system absolutely free from bias and prejudices. In the present era when India is progressively moving towards development and prosperity, there is a need is to scale up successful governance in the country which will help the 'Aspiring India to transform its image in to New India'.  Q.5 Effective two-way communication is the cornerstone of democratic governance. Do you agree? Substantiate. Approach - It expects students to write about democratic governance and importance of effective two way communication in democratic governance.  Introduction Democratic governance giving citizens a say in how decisions are made—is fundamental to ensuring that democracy delivers for all of society. Strong democratic governance is characterised by transparency and accountability in both the public and private sectors. An open, participatory governance process responds to citizen and business needs, resulting in better and fairer government policies. Body Communication process and structure in democratic governance –  Communication processes can be one-way for example providing information and conveying messages or two-way for example dialogue, deliberation. Communication has evolved away from its traditional focus on one-way communication for the purpose of propaganda, social marketing, awareness-raising, and influencing attitudes, opinions and behaviour, towards a much greater emphasis two way communication more participatory and deliberative processes of dialogue. Communication structures include free, plural, and independent media systems, robust civil society, and the legal and regulatory framework that enables or precludes the free flow of information from government to citizens and vice versa. These form the framework through which citizens and government can communicate and engage in dialogue. They are essential components of the so-called democratic governance and play an important role in forming public opinion. Role of communication in supporting democratic governance and stimulating economic growth is increasingly recognised in policy statements of the so-called ‘good governance’ agenda. Importance of effective two way communication for democratic governance -  Capability: Consultation and dialogue between state and citizens can in principle improve public understanding of and support for government policies and encourage citizen ownership of reform. Without the support of the public, governments often lack the capability to get things done. Accountability: Access to information with two way communication and government transparency are in theory vital for enabling citizens to monitor and hold government to account for its actions. There is significant evidence that transparency can reduce opportunities for corruption. Responsiveness: An informed and politically active electorate in theory strengthens the demand for governments to be accountable. There are several examples where communication processes for example debate through the media, public information campaigns, social accountability mechanisms have encouraged government responsiveness to citizens’ demands and resulted in better public services. Agenda-setter: The communication can raise awareness of social problems, informing elected officials about public concerns and needs. A number of studies have demonstrated that the issues the communication through media present as important are the same as those the public subsequently think are important. Gatekeeper: The communication with dialogue and deliberation can be a forum for the public debate and discussion of social issues and it can represent a plurality of perspectives, including those of poor and marginalised groups. Watchdog: The effective discussion can provide a check on powerful sectors of society, including leaders within the private and public domains. Debate, in particular, can uncover corruption and monitor public interests. Conclusion Communication structures include free, plural, and independent media systems, robust civil society, and the legal and regulatory framework that enables or precludes the free flow of information from government to citizens and vice versa. These form the framework through which citizens and government can communicate and engage in dialogue. They are essential components of the so-called ‘democratic public sphere’ and play an important role in forming public opinion.   TLP HOT Synopsis Day 55 PDF

Dec 16, 2020 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz - 2020 : IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs Quiz 16th Dec 2020

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. This is a part of our recently launched, NEW INITIATIVE IASbaba’s INTEGRATED REVISION PLAN (IRP) 2020 – Road Map for the next 100 Days! FREE INITIATIVE! We will make sure, in the next 4 months not a single day is wasted. All your energies are channelized in the right direction. Trust us! This will make a huge difference in your results this time, provided that you follow this plan sincerely every day without fail. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” To Know More about the Initiative -> CLICK HERE SCHEDULE/DETAILED PLAN – > CLICK HERE Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :) After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken and solutions. To take the Test - Click Here

Dec 15, 2020 TLP Mains 2020

IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 2 - ENGLISH & हिंदी): UPSC Mains Answer Writing COMPILATIONS NOVEMBER 2020

For Previous TLP (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE Hello Friends, We will make sure, in the next 3 months not a single day is wasted. All your energies are channelized in the right direction. Trust us! This will make a huge difference in your results this time, provided that you follow this plan sincerely every day without fail. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” To Know More about the Initiative -> CLICK HERE SCHEDULE/DETAILED PLAN – > CLICK HERE DOWNLOAD THE  TLP COMPILATIONS - November 2020 CURRENT AFFAIRS - Click Here General Studies 1 - Click Here General Studies 2 - Click Here General Studies 3 - Click Here General Studies 4 - Click Here To get Regular Updates from IASbaba, follow- TELEGRAM Channel – https://t.me/IASbabaOfficialAccount YOUTUBE  –  https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChvbVdio9Wgj7Z3nQz1Q0ZQ FACEBOOK  – https://www.facebook.com/iasbaba/ Also, SUBSCRIBE to the WEBSITE Below, so that you don’t miss out on important posts! Thank You IASbaba

Dec 15, 2020 RSTV Video

Google Search Monopoly – The Big Picture – RSTV IAS UPSC

Google Search Monopoly Archives Topic: General Studies 3: Awareness in the fields of IT Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security Context:  The United States Department of Justice (DoJ) has sued Google alleging that the company had abused its dominant position in a way that had harmed its competitors as well as customers.  What is the lawsuit about? Google has maintained its monopoly power through exclusionary practices that harm competition. So the Justice Department has determined that an antitrust response is necessary to benefit consumers. Antitrust refers to a group of businesses that team up or form a monopoly in order to dictate pricing in a particular market. Antitrust laws exist to promote competition among sellers, limit monopolies, and give consumers more options What led to the lawsuit? A US House of Representatives panel had submitted the report of a bipartisan investigation into the working of Amazon, Apple, Google and Facebook.  The probe had started in July 2019.  These companies have been on the radar of governments in many countries for being big spenders and trying to steamroll competition by either buying out their rivals or pushing vendors to avoid working with these rivals. The panel said each of these companies was now acting as a “gatekeeper” over a key channel of distribution, which meant that they had full control over what went on in their respective domains The report called for the big technology companies to be broken up and for a “presumptive prohibition against future mergers and acquisitions by the dominant platform”. Why is the lawsuit important? The lawsuit marks the first time there has been a bipartisan effort — involving both the Democratic and the Republican parties — to look into the monopolistic powers of Google. What is the Challenge for Google? Although the lawsuit by a US Federal body is the first of its kind, it is unlikely that there will be any swift action on the company in the near term The challenge for Google would be continued scrutiny into its biggest revenue generating segment, which is advertising gained from its search engine and affiliate websites. In the April-June quarter, the company had earned nearly $38 billion, mainly from advertisements. Apart from increased federal scrutiny, big tech companies are also likely to face more questions and probes from states in the US What are the allegations that Google faces in India? Over the last three years, Google has had multiple run-ins with the CCI (Competition Commission of India) for alleged abuse of its dominant position in the market. In 2019, CCI had held Google guilty of misuse of its dominant position in the mobile Android market and said the company had imposed “unfair conditions” on device manufacturers to prevent them from using other operating systems. In February 2018, the CCI had fined Google Rs 136 crore for unfair business practices in the online search market. It said that Google had “allocated disproportionate real estate” for its affiliates, to the disadvantage of other companies that were trying to gain market access. Google has challenged the CCI findings in forums such as the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal and the Supreme Court. What lies ahead for Google? Google may argue before the courts that it is being singled out from amongst the other companies, or try to explain why it does not really abuse its dominance in any market segments. In coming years, as India plans to regulate the use of personal and non-personal data, these tech companies could face scrutiny over how they manage and use the data they collect from users in India Amazon and Facebook, which are trying to enter the retail space in India, are also likely to be under the lens for the way they price their products and the space they give/deny to their competition Connecting the dots: Should India also launch Joint Parliamentary committee to investigate whether tech giants like Google, Facebook are indulging in anti-competitive trade practices in India?

Dec 15, 2020 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 15th December 2020

Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) SC upholds Allahabad HC decision with regard to exotic wildlife species Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – Judiciary In news Recently, The Supreme Court upheld an Allahabad High Court order which had granted immunity from investigation and prosecution if one declared illegal possession of exotic wildlife species between June and December, 2020.  This was under a new amnesty scheme announced by the Centre. Important value addition Government’s voluntary disclosure scheme Ministry: The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)  It released an advisory on a one-time voluntary disclosure scheme that allows owners of exotic live species that have been acquired illegally to declare their stock to the government between June and December 2020. With this scheme, the government aims to address the challenge of zoonotic diseases, develop an inventory of exotic live species for better compliance under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), and regulate their import. Presently, the amnesty scheme is just an advisory and not a law. The disclosure has to be done online through MoEFCC’s Parivesh portal. The advisory has defined exotic live species as animals named under the Appendices I, II and III of the CITES. It does not include species from the Schedules of the Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972. San Isidro Movement in Cuba Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – International Relations; Fundamental Rights In news In Cuba, a campaign by artists and activists demanding greater freedom of expression has been in news recently. Cuba has been under an authoritarian communist regime for more than 60 years. Key takeaways The Movimiento San Isidro, or the San Isidro Movement (MSI), started two years ago to protest state censorship of artistic works. It started in September 2018, when the Cuban government sought to enforce Decree 349 which is a law that would have given powers to the nation’s Culture Ministry to restrict cultural activity it did not approve of. To protest against the decree, artists, poets, journalists and activists gathered in San Isidro, It is a Black-majority locality that is among Havana’s poorest yet most culturally active wards, and which also forms part of the Old Havana UNESCO World Heritage Site. After 2015 deal between Cuba and the US, one of whose provisions stipulated that the Cuban regime should allow its people greater internet freedoms, the protesters managed to connect and amplify their message over the internet with relative ease. It has now become a platform for Cuban dissidents both within and outside the country. Diversity Requirements In Indian Companies Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Economy In news The NASDAQ stock exchange in the US may soon require all listed companies to include at least one female board member and one member from a racial minority group or from the LGBTQ community on their board of directors. Key takeaways There also diversity requirements from Indian companies and they are expected to comply with these rules. All public companies which are listed on stock exchanges and companies with either a paid-up capital of Rs 100 crore or annual turnover over Rs 300 crore are required to have at least one woman board member under the Companies Act. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) further requires, since April 1, 2020, that the top 1000 listed companies by market capitalisation have a woman board member who is also an independent director. Do you know? According to data compiled by Institutional Investor Advisory Services (IIAS), 17% of directors in the Nifty 500 companies were women. The report by IiAS noted that only 3% of Nifty 500 companies had no women directors. Related articles: SEBI: Click here Special Assistance To States For Capital Expenditure Scheme Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Economy In news All the states except Tamil Nadu have availed benefits of the newly announced scheme for Special Assistance to States for Capital Expenditure. Key takeaways The scheme was announced as a part of the Aatmanirbhar Bharat package. Aim: Boosting capital expenditure by the State Governments who are facing a difficult financial environment this year due to the shortfall in tax revenue arising from the COVID 19 pandemic. Capital Expenditure enhances the future productive capacity of the economy, and results in a higher rate of economic growth. The government had announced that the Centre will offer Rs. 12,000 crore special interest-free 50-year loan to states, exclusively for capital expenditure. Parts of the scheme: (1) Part–I of the scheme covers the north-eastern region (Rs. 200 crores); (2) Part-II is for all other States (Rs. 7500 crores); (3) Part-III of the scheme is aimed at pushing various citizen-centric reforms in the States. Under Part III, an amount of Rs. 2000 crores is earmarked. This amount will be available only to those States which carry out at least three out of the four reforms specified by the Ministry of Finance. Four Reforms: One nation one ration card, ease of doing business, urban local body/ utility reform and power sector reforms. As of now, Rs. 4,939.81 crore has been released as the first instalment out of Rs. 9,879.61 crore worth of capital expenditure proposals of 27 States. Handicraft And Gi Toys Exempted From Quality Control Order Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Economy In news Government has exempted handicraft and GI Toys from Quality Control Order. Key takeaways Taking steps towards the Prime Minister's vision of making India a global manufacturing hub for sale and export of toys, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, DPIIT has devised a comprehensive action plan. Quality Control order has been issued by the Department for standardization and quality adherence of Toys which will become effective from 1st January next year. However, DPIIT has released Toys (Quality Control) Second Amendment Order, 2020. It exempts goods manufactured and sold by artisans registered with Development Commissioner (Handicrafts), from use of Standard Mark under licence from Bureau of Indian Standards. The Amendment Order also exempts products registered as Geographical Indications from following Indian Toy Standards and compulsory use of Standard Mark licence. Lancet Citizens’ Commission for Universal Health Coverage Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – Health In news Recently, the Lancet Citizens’ Commission on Reimagining India’s Health System has been launched online which is a step towards achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in India. Key takeaways It is a first-of-its-kind participatory, countrywide initiative, in collaboration with world’s leading health journal The Lancet and the Lakshmi Mittal and Family South Asia Institute, Harvard University. Objective: To enable participatory public engagement to develop a citizens’ blueprint for the implementation of UHC. Mission: (1) To lay out the path to achieving UHC in India in the coming decade; (2) To formulate a roadmap for realising a resilient health system that offers accessible, inclusive, and affordable quality health care to all citizens in India; (3) To gather insights from across India through grassroots surveys, public consultations and online discussions; (4) To build partnerships and work closely with academic institutions, civil society and other stakeholders to catalyse dialogue and knowledge sharing across fields. It will be on the architecture of India’s health system. Principles: (1) UHC covers all health concerns; (2) Prevention and long-term care are key; (3) The concern is financial protection for all health costs; (4) Aspiring for a health system that can be accessed by all who enjoy the same quality. Miscellaneous UNESCO Award For Creative Economy The UNESCO has decided to launch an international prize in the field of ‘creative economy’ in the name of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. It shall start from November 2021. The $50,000 award will be given away once in two years for global economic initiatives of the youth. The award will recognise exceptional initiatives taken by cultural workers and organizations in the development of the creative economy. UNESCO has declared 2021 as ‘International Year of Creative Economy for Sustainable Development’. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman He was a Bangladeshi politician and statesman.  He is called the "Father of the Nation" in Bangladesh.  He served as the first President of Bangladesh and later as the Prime Minister of Bangladesh from 1971 - 1975  He was assassinated on 15 August 1975.  He is considered to be the driving force behind the independence of Bangladesh.  He is popularly dubbed with the title of "Bangabandhu" by the people of Bangladesh.  (Mains Focus) ENVIRONMENT/ INTERNATIONAL Topic: General Studies 2, 3: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests  Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation  Paris Climate Deal: India’s Progress, Pandemic and Challenges Context: Virtual Climate Ambition Summit, co-convened by the UN to mark five years of the Paris Agreement. What is Paris Agreement? Objective: It is a multilateral agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC); signed to reduce, mitigate greenhouse-gas-emissions. Temperature Targets: To slow the process of global warming by limiting a global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius. Emission Goals: Another crucial point in this agreement was attaining “net zero emissions” between 2050 and 2100. Nations have pledged “to achieve a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases in the second half of this century”.  Burden Sharing: Developed countries were also told to provide financial resources to help developing countries in dealing with climate change and for adaptation measures. Other countries are invited to provide support on voluntary basis. Non-binding Voluntary Targets: The Paris Agreement requires that all countries — rich, poor, developed, and developing — slash greenhouse gas emissions. Nations voluntarily set their emissions targets and incur no penalties for falling short of their targets. Review Mechanism: A review every five years with first mandatory world review at 2025. Each review will show an improvement compared with the previous period. Climate-related loss: The agreement also includes a mechanism to address financial losses faced by less developed nations due to climate change impacts like droughts, floods etc. However, developed nations won’t face financial claims since it “does not involve or provide a basis for any liability or compensation”. What is Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC)? It means the contributions that need to be done by each country to achieve the overall global goal. The contributions need to be reported every 5 years to UNFCCC. The contributions are not legally binding. The goal is to make sure that all countries have access to technical expertise and financial capability to meet the climate challenges. How is Paris Climate different from Kyoto Protocol? In the Kyoto Protocol, there was a differentiation between developed and developing countries which were mentioned as Annex 1 countries and non-Annex 1 countries respectively. However, in the Paris agreement, there is no difference between developing and developed countries. Financial Support pledged during the Paris 2015 Agreement Developed countries have committed $ 100 Billion a year. Finance would be balanced between mitigation and adaptation. G7 countries announced the US $ 420 Million for Climate Risk Insurance and the launching of the Climate Risk and Early Warning Systems (CREWS) initiative. $ 3 Billion commitment for Green Climate Fund. India’s Greenhouse gas emissions India’s GHG emissions accounted for 6.5% of 2014 global total, according to data from the World Resources Institute. This made the country the fourth-largest emitter after China, the United States and the European Union. Per capita, India’s emission from fossil fuels (in 2017) is by far the lowest among major economies: India: 1.83 MT carbon dioxide (CO2) China: 7.72 MT in China The EU: 6.97 MT The US: 15.74 MT What are India’s Climate commitments? In 2015, ahead of the UN significant climate conference in Paris, India announced three major voluntary commitments called the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC): Improving the emissions intensity of its GDP by 33–35% by 2030 over 2005 levels Increasing the share of non-fossil fuels-based electricity to 40% by 2030. Enhancing its forest cover, thereby absorbing 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide India’s progress in fulfilling its Climate Commitments India has reduced emission intensity by 21% over 2005 levels. Solar capacity has grown from 2.63 GigaWatts in 2014 to 36 GigaWatts in 2020. Renewable energy capacity is the fourth largest in the world and will reach 175 GigaWatts before 2022. India has also set new target of 450 GigaWatts of renewable energy capacity by 2030. On the world stage, India has pioneered two major initiatives: (1) The International Solar Alliance; (2) Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure. The Emissions Gap Report 2020 of the UNEP includes India among nine G20 members who are on track to achieve their unconditional commitments under the Paris pact, based on pre-COVID-19 projections. The Climate Action Tracker website has rated its climate efforts as “2-degree compatible” — that can contribute to limiting warming by the end of the century to 2° Celsius; making India the only major economy to be so highly rated.  How has COVID-19 Pandemic impacted the Climate Commitments? The brief reduction in global GHG emissions brought about by the pandemic has given all countries an opportunity to review their development trajectories.  The unprecedented event has enabled them to deploy an extraordinary fiscal stimulus for rehabilitation of economies — estimated at $12 trillion globally — making green growth a possibility.  India faces a particular challenge, in moving its pandemic rehabilitation spending away from traditional brown sector policies aligned with fossil fuel use to green territory. Challenges with India’s path ahead Issues with afforestation and Carbon sink At the recent summit, Mr. Modi took credit for expansion of forests, which, according to the national pledge under the Paris Agreement, will serve as a carbon sink of 2.5 bn to 3 bn tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent by 2030.  This is a key goal, given that it has multiple benefits, protecting biodiversity, influencing the climate system and providing resources for communities.  But it is fraught with uncertainty. The Centre has questioned the veracity of State afforestation data and said only a fourth of the claims they made were deemed credible. Clearly, without a cohesive policy on verifiable afforestation, the carbon sink approach may yield poor dividends, with questions hanging over the spending. Issue with Renewable energy additions and emissions Achieving 100 gigawatts of solar power capacity within the overall renewables goal, from 36 GW now, needs a steep scale-up that must actively promote rooftop solar installations.  There is little evidence that this is a high priority for most States.  Transport-related emissions, which are a major component of the whole, have risen sharply in the unlock phase of the pandemic as people prefer personal vehicles, but the issue received little support from States which failed to reorder cities for cycling and pedestrianisation. Large-scale agriculture insurance against climate disasters also needs attention Conclusions In the year that remains before countries meet at the UN Climate Change conference in Glasgow in 2021, India needs to focus on future emissions and plan green investments that qualify for global climate funding. Connecting the dots: US Withdrawal from Paris Climate deal: Click here INTERNATIONAL / SECURITY Topic: General Studies 2: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests Rohingya Refugees: Bangladesh Relocating them Context: Bangladesh transported more than 1,600 Rohingya refugees to a low-lying island Bhashan Char.  Recent Developments Bangladesh government has announced a controversial relocation policy to move 1,00,000 of Rohingya refugees to Bhashan Char island. Almost a million Rohingya — most of whom fled a military offensive in neighbouring Myanmar three years ago — live in squalid camps in south-eastern Bangladesh. Any return to Myanmar appears unlikely for now. On December 10, agencies reported that a UN Human Rights investigator had requested Bangladesh to allow a safety assessment of the remote islet of Bhashan Char, where the government had shipped 1,600-odd Rohingya refugees. Is the islet safe? Bhashan Char is a char-land of around 13,000 acres, formed by the accumulation of silt where the river Meghna meets the Bay of Bengal carrying rich alluvial deposits.  Char-lands are a common feature in Meghna and Padma rivers and literally mean “shifting landmass”.  As the name reveals, the char was not part of the permanent land feature of Bangladesh, but appeared recently.  Bhashan Char is surrounded by a mangrove forest that has given it geographical stability.  Sensing a tourism opportunity, the Bangladesh government had declared Bhashan Char as a protected forest land in 2013. It is a two-and-a-half-hours boat ride away from Cox’s Bazar in Chittagong.  The main argument for the char-land being unsafe is that these lands are known to be unstable and flood-prone. The other fear factor includes the tropical cyclones that visit the area every year. What is the arrangement for the Rohingya? Over the past few years, Bangladesh has constructed roads and brought modern telecommunication networks to Bhashan Char.  The Bangladesh government has earmarked around 1,350 acres for the Rohingya refugees, of which 432 acres is dedicated to their rehabilitation and the rest remains for future projects.  The government has constructed a large number of housing units in the section designated for the Rohingya. 1600 Rohingya refugees are now being housed in red-roofed residential units and most houses are built four feet above the ground to help them withstand unexpected high tidal waves Why is Bangladesh moving the refugees? Rohingya refugees of Kutupalong, near Cox’s Bazar, have been living in a large refugee camp near the forested borders with Myanmar since 2017, when they were forced to traverse the forest and the rivers that constitute the border between Bangladesh and Myanmar’s Rakhine province.  Ever since their arrival, the refugees, numbering 1 million, have been living in Kutupalong refugee camp under bamboo and tarpaulin structures.  The camp is located on a hillock, which was a sanctuary for elephants and other wild animals. Also, Kutupalong has also been in the news for its rising crime rate.  Bangladesh argues that the islet will provide a safer place. Why are human rights agencies upset? Amnesty International said Bangladesh must “drop” its plans to shift Rohingya refugees to Bhashan Char as the char-land had not yet been declared safe for habitation by the United Nations. It is alleged that many Rohingya who were asked to relocate said they were coerced. Human Rights agencies are arguing that any decisions relating to the relocation of refugees must be transparent and involve the full participation of the Rohingya people. What happens next? Diplomatic sources have confirmed that Dhaka does not plan to relocate the entire refugee settlement and only aims at reducing the congestion in Kutupalong.  The country’s long-term plan for Rohingya refugees is to seek their repatriation to the Rakhine province of Myanmar. Connecting the dots: ICJ’s ruling on Myanmar Rohingyas: Click here (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note:  Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers.  Comments Up-voted by IASbaba are also the “correct answers”. Q.1 Which of the following international organization has recently announced 2021 as ‘International Year of Creative Economy for Sustainable Development’? UNESCO IMF WTO OECD Q.2 Consider the following statements regarding the Lancet Citizens’ Commission on Reimagining India’s Health System: It shall cover only non-communicable diseases. Affordability is one of its objectives. Which of the above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 ANSWERS FOR 15th December 2020 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 A 2 C 3 C Must Read About Convergence of agrarian discontent in South Asia: The Hindu About India’s nutrition agenda: The Hindu About Ayurveda doctors to practise general surgery: Indian Express

Dec 15, 2020 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz - 2020 : IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs Quiz 15th Dec 2020

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. This is a part of our recently launched, NEW INITIATIVE IASbaba’s INTEGRATED REVISION PLAN (IRP) 2020 – Road Map for the next 100 Days! FREE INITIATIVE! We will make sure, in the next 4 months not a single day is wasted. All your energies are channelized in the right direction. Trust us! This will make a huge difference in your results this time, provided that you follow this plan sincerely every day without fail. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” To Know More about the Initiative -> CLICK HERE SCHEDULE/DETAILED PLAN – > CLICK HERE Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :) After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken and solutions. To take the Test - Click here

Dec 15, 2020 TLP Mains 2020

SYNOPSIS [11th DECEMBER,2020] Day 53: IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 2): UPSC Mains Answer Writing (General Studies)

For Previous TLP (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE   SYNOPSIS [11th DECEMBER,2020] Day 53: IASbaba’s TLP (Phase 2): UPSC Mains Answer Writing (General Studies)   1. You are posted as the secretary of the education department in a state. The state government has just launched a scheme for awarding scholarships to meritorious students to pursue higher education abroad. The undergraduate students having exceptional academic record would be awarded hundred percent tuition fees and living expenses at a university abroad. You are heading a committee of bureaucrats and academicians that will shortlist the candidate’s after scrutinizing their academic performance. While going through the list of candidates you realise that one of the candidates applying for the scholarship happens to be the daughter of your best friend. Her academic credentials are really good and there are high chances of her getting this scholarship. Do you see a conflict of interest here? Discuss. Is there a way to address this conflict? If yes, what are the alternatives available? Examine. Approach:  To solve these kind of case studies, it is necessary to adopt a stakeholder’s approach. As an ethical dilemma is presented where qualities of objectivity, non-partisanship of an officer are tested with her interpersonal relations.  After adopting this approach candidate needs to enlist available options and then choose the best available option.  Introduction:  Stakeholders in the case Me as a secretary of education department Other students applying for the scholarship Reputation of education department Society at large Dilemmas:  Duty towards job Vs. Interpersonal relations Merit Vs. Interpersonal relations Objectivity, Non-partisanship Vs. Partisanship  Conflict of interest  While talking about conflict of interest John F Kennedy said 'the basis of effective government is public confidence and that confidence is endangered when ethical standards falter or appear to falter'.  Conflict of interest refers to conflicts between one's professional responsibilities as a public servant or as a member of an organization and one's private interests as an individual. It is one of the most obvious ethical dilemma. Body:  In this case, there is a conflict of interest between neutrality, non-partisanship, objectivity (selecting only the deserving students) and Interpersonal relations (not selecting daughter of best friend, if the case maybe). Options available before me:  Option 1- Rescue myself from committee  Pros  Conflict of interest will be resolved. Objectivity in selecting candidates will be maintained.  Department's reputation as being objective will be upheld.  No impact on personal relationship if friend's daughter is not selected. Cons Do not know the credentials and value system of successor.  Might impact the working of committee as well as result in delays. Lead to escapism, as many situations will have some conflict of interest. This option seems to be a good move as Jessica Savitch an American television presenter said Never refuse an assignment except when there is conflict of interest, a potential of danger to you and your family, or you hold a potential biased attitude about a subject under the focus.  Option 2: Continue as head of the committee Pros  Selection might get completed within given timeframe. Duty towards job will be completed  Cons  May blot department's image of being partial. Impact personal image in department, might be seen as partial. Impact on personal relation if daughter of the friend is not selected. Option 3: Continue heading the committee. However, make the conflict known to the members ask them to be impartial and keep the selection process transparent. Pros Upholds department's image as being neutral and transparent. Increase personal reputation of being impartial and objective. Students will not feel that the board is biased. Not impact the personal relations as well. Conclusion:  In this way, duty can be discharged without an impact on personal relations. As Buddha advises that SamyakMarg is the best way out of a dilemma, moreover the principle of golden mean also says that wisdom lies in choosing between two extremes. As every other situation can have same kind of conflict of interest and one must choose a middle path. 2. Abhishek, an IAS officer, is heading the IT Committee constituted for improving the services being provided by the State Transportation Department by leveraging information technology solutions. In the deliberations of the committee, it was concluded that a special purpose vehicle headed by an independent CEO, preferably from the private sector having experience in IT projects would best suit the needs of upgrading the services offered by the department. However, hitherto the department was headed and manned only by civil servants. The very idea of a CEO coming from the private sector and heading the most important division of the department is meeting stiff resistance from within the department. How can Abhishek deal with this problem? Is this a typical problem with all the government departments? Critically analyse. Approach: In this kind of case study rather than adapting a stakeholders approach it is necessary to adopt a solution oriented approach. You can introduce by briefing about the resistance to change or attitude of public servants towards change. In the main body part give clear and straightforward solutions to the problems/issues given in question.  Introduction: While describing the benefits of change Charles kettering an American inventor has said that "The world hates change, yet it is the only thing that has brought progress".  Resistance to change is a natural reaction, especially in government sector. Change is uncomfortable and proposes new ways of thinking and doing in system. However, People don't fear change, though, they fear the unknown.  Body: The present case showcases the transportation department employee’s resistance to change and accept the much needed alternative of involving private sector participation which has been suggested by IT committee headed by IAS officer Abhishek. Approach to solve the problem: Stephen king an American Author said that 'Resistance to change is proportional to how much the future might be altered by any given act'. In this context telling the staff about the benefits of having a specialist as a head of team and convincing the staff of no major changes in the work culture of the department and ensuring that their job security is maintained even after the new CEO's arrival.   Informing the employees about the reasons and process for intended changes. It will tend to reduce fear and increase duty towards job, positivity among employees. Here, the new person’s role as an expert can be highlighted which will bring enthusiasm and energy within department. Facilitating effective communication, besides getting actively involved in the change efforts, can result in reducing stiffness in the department. In fact, employee participation is the greatest factor in reducing tensions due to new recommendations. Ensuring transparency: Maintaining the transparency by circulating the committee recommendations within the department and conveying the urgent need to implement the said recommendations for overall improvement of the department as the department needs to be flexible with the demand of time. Generalist Vs. Expert: It is necessary to highlight the lack of available expertise in the domain of existing officer cadre and the need to bring in private participation for the same as India has a developed IT industry which would provide much needed expertise for the government department's functioning. Altering the rigid attitude: Convincing the employees that the technological assimilation and modern work culture in the department would be difficult to achieve if the same attitude and practices are continued without due appraisal and study on their effectiveness. Achieving the objective: Implementing the committee's recommendation after the above due deliberations would help in achieving the goal of attaining a public services department serving the public effectively.  Whether problem is typical with all the government departments:  Such a phenomenon is usually adjoined as a typical problem to all government departments as such an entry undermines the career progression avenues of existing civil servants and also hampers the employment opportunities of young aspirants looking to enter the famed civil services for a fulfilling career thus leading to resistance against it. The exposure and sensitivity to the country's complex socio-political milieu and to the needs of the common man, which widespread field experience provides to government servants, may not be available in the private sector since the private sector does not have the same width and depth of exposure to this type of field experience.  Existing government servants also fear the issue of conflict of interest when it comes to entrants from the private sector which could jeopardise the functioning of the government. At the same time, the experience of domain level experts in Planning Commission and NITI Aayog as well as former Governors of RBI (Bimal Jalan and Raguram Rajan), Sam Pitroda (Head of many technology missions), etc. shows that many government departments can be receptive to this change. Further, there is growing realisation that the administrative problems at the implementation level (district, tehsil, panchayat) require intervention of specialists with domain expertise and not generalist who head the department in the capacity of Secretary. For instance, Chaavi Rajawat who earlier worked in the private sector chose to contest elections in her village and became a Sarpanch. She became an actor of change in her village as she implemented rainwater harvesting schemes, led people centric governance etc.  The private sector can help catalyze the career civil servants to specialise in their chosen field. This will infuse much needed competition at the senior levels of management in the bureaucracy which is non-existent at present.   Many other aspects of the issue also need to be considered too where the reservation aspect becomes important as neglect on this aspect may raise multiple questions which are of legal, political and social nature. Which will also question the appointments on the ground of 'quid pro quo', nepotism or favouritism.  Conclusion: Private entry into government services is not a new idea but it has not been followed as an institutionalized practice earlier. It is expected that private entry in government will catalyze the rule bound bureaucracy to become the agents of change; a role which the founding fathers, like Sardar Patel and Jawaharlal Nehru, had envisaged for the civil services. This should be the ideal for Abhishek as an IAS while dealing with the present scenario i.e. to fulfil the ideals of founding fathers.   TLP HOT Synopsis Day 53 PDF