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Aug 9, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 7th August 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) ANTI-DEFECTION LAW Syllabus Mains – GS 2 Context: Congress and BRS in Telangana is indulging in war of words as many MLA’s are crossing parties. Background:- There are numerous other examples: Some time back, the Election Commission of India allotted the name Shiv Sena and the party’s symbol – bow and arrow – to the Eknath Shinde faction, effectively acknowledging it as the original party that Balasaheb Thackerey founded. Anti-Defection Law Overview: The 52nd Constitutional Amendment introduced the anti-defection law in 1985 through the Tenth Schedule. This law disqualifies members of the State Legislature or Parliament if they voluntarily resign from their party or vote against party instructions, known as the whip. This voting instruction is issued by the party whip. A whip is a member of the parliamentary party nominated by the political party in the House. Nominated Members and Anti-Defection: Nomination in Rajya Sabha: Nominated Rajya Sabha members can join a political party within six months of nomination. After this period, joining a party may lead to disqualification. Disqualification Process: Initiation: Any House member can file a petition with the Speaker (Lok Sabha or assembly) or Chairman (Rajya Sabha) alleging defection. This means that the Presiding Officer (Speaker of Lok Sabha or Chairperson of Rajya Sabha) cannot initiate disqualification proceedings suo moto. Authority:The Speaker or Chairman decides on disqualification petitions. Timeframe: The law does not specify a strict timeline for decisions, leading to potential delays. Judicial Review: Disqualification decisions can be challenged in court. The Supreme Court’s 1992 judgement in Kihoto Hollohan vs. Zachillhu and Others upheld the anti defection law’s constitutionality and allowed judicial review in cases of malafide intent, perversity, or violation of natural justice. Exceptions and Limitations: Mergers and Splits: law permits mergers of parties when two-thirds of the members of a legislative party agree to merge with another party. In these cases, legislators are not considered to have defected. For example, 12 of 17 Congress MLAs in Meghalaya joined the All India Trinamool Congress in 2021. The 2003 91st Amendment removed the provision allowing one-third of members to split and form a separate group. Supreme Court’s Three-Test Formula: In Sadiq Ali vs. Election Commission of India (1971), the Court laid down the three-test formula for deciding which faction is to be recognised as the original political party by the Election Commission.The three fundamental tests are: i) the test of aims and objectives of the party, ii) the test of party constitution, which reflects inner-party democracy, and iii) the test of majority in the legislative and organisational wings. The first test is subject to competing claims by rival groups. The Election Commission recognised the Eknath Shinde group as the legitimate Shiv Sena in February 2023 on the basis of the votes collected by lawmakers who backed Eknath Shinde in the 2019 Maharashtra Assembly elections. Limitations: The anti-defection law has been criticized for: Undermining democratic principles by making legislators more accountable to party leaders than their constituents. Discriminating against independent members, who face immediate disqualification if they join a party, unlike nominated members with a six-month grace period. Lacking a clear timeline for resolving defection cases and allowing large-group defections, which can lead to political instability. The law has been called for revision to better balance party discipline with individual expression and to address underlying issues like intra-party democracy, corruption, and electoral malpractices. Source: Indian Express HIROSHIMA DAY Syllabus Mains – GS 1 Context: Every year, on August 6, Hiroshima Day is observed to remember the tragic anniversary of the atomic bombing of the Japanese city. Background: The first atomic bomb codenamed ‘Little Boy’ was dropped over Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. Prelude to the Atomic Bomb: WWII Atomic Bombs: The first use of nuclear weapons in warfare occurred during WWII. On August 6, 1945, the US dropped a uranium-based atomic bomb on Hiroshima, followed by a plutonium bomb, “Fat Man,” on Nagasaki on August 9. Axis vs. Allies: WWII was marked by a clash between Axis powers (Germany, Italy, Japan) led by dictatorial regimes and Allied powers (Great Britain, France, Soviet Union, US) advocating democracy and self-determination. Justification for Atomic Bombing: Despite Italy’s surrender in September 1943 and Germany’s in May 1945, Japan’s refusal to surrender led to the decision to use atomic bombs. Attack on Pearl Harbor: US-Japan Conflict: After Pearl Harbor attack by Japan on December 7, 1941, resulting in 2,404 US casualties, the Pacific War intensified, with significant battles like Iwo Jima and Okinawa causing heavy US and Japanese losses. Manhattan Project and Decision to Use the Bomb: The Manhattan Project: It was a research and development program undertaken by US during World War II to produce the first nuclear weapons. First Atomic Test: On July 16, 1945, the US successfully tested its atomic bomb in New Mexico. The success of the project gave an added advantage to the US military arsenal. Ideas were now debated as to how to use this newfound weapon. Potsdam Conference: on July 26, the Big Three Allied forces, i.e. the US, Britain and the Soviet Union gathered at Cecilienhof Palace in Potsdam, Germany. They issued an ultimatum for Japan and asked for its unconditional surrender. Truman’s Decision: Personal experiences of US President Harry Truman and the legacy of President Roosevelt influenced the decision to authorize the use of atomic bombs after Japan’s rejection of the Potsdam Declaration. Impact and Legacy of Nuclear Weapons: Nuclear Disarmament: Since 1946, efforts have been made to control nuclear weapons, including treaties like the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), and Treaty on Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) India remains committed to the goal of global, non-discriminatory and verifiable nuclear disarmament. India keeps up the demand for internationally verified Fissile Material Cut off Treaty. India’s reservation to NPT and CTBT along with TPNW remains one of the most decisive policy decisions. To date, the NPT signed in 1968 recognises only the five permanent members of the UN Security Council (the US, Russia, the UK, France and China) as nuclear weapon powers and mandates that other countries can be a party to the NPT only as a non-nuclear weapon state. This was and is principally against the security and integrity of the nation and the sovereign right to defend itself. India has pledged to continue with its voluntary and unilateral moratorium on further nuclear testing. It is the only nuclear weapon state to declare that it believes its security would be enhanced, not diminished, in a world free of nuclear weapons. Source: Indian Express COASTAL EROSION Syllabus Prelims & Mains – ENVIRONMENT Context: Coastal erosion in Tamil Nadu is increasingly endangering livelihoods and infrastructure, driven by both natural processes and human activities. Background: Tamil Nadu, with India’s second-longest coastline, faces significant erosion challenges. According to recent studies, nearly 43% of Tamil Nadu’s coastline is experiencing erosion. This erosion is driven by both natural factors, such as sea level rise, cyclones, and wave action, and human activities like construction of ports, harbours, seawalls, and beach sand mining. What is Coastal erosion? Coastal erosion is the process by which coastlines are worn away due to the action of natural forces such as waves, tides, and currents, as well as human activities. Process of Coastal Erosion Wave Action: Waves hitting the shore exert pressure on the rocks and soil, causing them to break down. Tidal Action: The rise and fall of tides can lead to the removal of sediments from the shore. Currents: Ocean currents can transport sediments away from the coast. Weathering: Physical and chemical weathering processes break down rocks and minerals along the coast. Causes of Coastal Erosion Natural Causes: Sea Level Rise: Rising sea levels increase the rate of erosion by allowing waves to reach further inland. Storms and Cyclones: These events can cause significant erosion in a short period. Wave Action: Continuous wave action can gradually wear away the coastline. Human Activities: Construction: Building of ports, harbours, and seawalls can disrupt natural sediment flow. Sand Mining: Extraction of sand from beaches and riverbeds reduces the amount of sediment available to replenish the coast. Deforestation: Removal of vegetation that stabilizes the soil can lead to increased erosion. Effects of Coastal Erosion Loss of Land: Erosion can lead to the loss of valuable land and property1. Damage to Infrastructure: Roads, buildings, and other infrastructure near the coast can be damaged or destroyed. Impact on Ecosystems: Coastal habitats such as mangroves and coral reefs can be degraded. Economic Impact: Coastal erosion can affect tourism, fisheries, and other industries dependent on the coast. Measures of Prevention Breakwaters: Offshore structures that reduce the energy of incoming waves. Beach Nourishment: Adding sand or sediment to beaches to replace what has been lost. Dune Stabilization: Planting vegetation or using other methods to stabilize sand dunes. Managed Retreat: Allowing certain areas to erode naturally while protecting more valuable areas. Mangrove Restoration: Planting mangroves to stabilize the shoreline and provide a buffer against waves. Coral Reef Protection: Protecting and restoring coral reefs to reduce wave energy. Source: Hindu PURCHASING MANAGERS’ INDEX (PMI) Syllabus Prelims – ECONOMY Context: The latest data indicates that the Services Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) for July showed a slight decline, dropping to 62.3 from 64.2 in June1. Despite this mild dip, the services sector activity remains robust, with international sales growing at a notable pace. Background: The PMI is widely used across the world, with organizations like the Institute for Supply Management (ISM) in the U.S. and IHS Markit producing PMI data for various countries. About Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) : The Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) is a key economic indicator that reflects the prevailing direction of economic trends in the manufacturing and service sectors. The purpose of the PMI is to provide information about current and future business conditions to company decision makers, analysts, and investors. It considers key areas such as new orders, inventory levels, production, supplier deliveries, and employment. PMI is compiled by IHS Markit for more than 40 economies worldwide. PMI data is released by various organizations globally, such as S&P Global for India. It is calculated separately for the manufacturing and services sectors and then a composite index is also constructed. Interpretation: The PMI is a number from 0 to 100. A PMI above 50 indicates expansion compared to the previous month. A PMI below 50 indicates contraction. A PMI of 50 indicates no change. Source: Business Standard ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANIES (AMCs) Syllabus Prelims – ECONOMY Context: The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has issued a circular mandating that CEOs, Managing Directors (MDs), or equivalent officials of Asset Management Companies (AMCs) will be held responsible and accountable for implementing mechanisms to deter potential market abuse. Background: AMCs are required to establish an institutional mechanism to detect and deter market abuse, including front-running and fraudulent transactions in securities. This move aims to protect investors and ensure the integrity of the securities market by holding top officials accountable for preventing market abuse. About Asset Management Companies An Asset Management Company (AMC) is a financial institution that pools funds from multiple investors and invests in various financial instruments, such as stocks, bonds, and real estate, to generate returns for the investors in exchange for a fee. AMCs are commonly referred to as money managers or money management firms. Different types of AMCs are Hedge Funds, Mutual Funds, Index Funds, Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs), Private Equity Funds and Other Funds. Retail Investors, Institutional Investors, Public Sector (Government Organizations), Private Sector and High-Net-Worth are the clients of AMCs. Roles and Responsibilities Investment Decisions: AMCs make investment decisions on behalf of their investors. Portfolio Management: Managing assets in investors’ portfolios to achieve growth. Fund Managers: Appointing qualified fund managers with expertise and experience. Investment Strategies: Employing strategies and risk management techniques. Research Analysts: Supporting fund managers with research and analysis. Regulation: The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) regulates and controls AMCs in India. Source: Hindu SARISKA TIGER RESERVE Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: Recently, the Supreme Court-mandated Central Empowered Committee has flagged serious harm to wildlife in the Sariska Tiger Reserve in Rajasthan. Background: The committee highlighted that the heavy vehicular traffic within the core area of the reserve is severely affecting tiger breeding and causing significant stress to the animals. To address these issues, the CEC has recommended a blanket ban on private vehicles in the reserve. About Sariska Tiger Reserve : Sariska Tiger Reserve is located in Aravali hills and forms a part of the Alwar District of Rajasthan. Sariska was declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1955 and was declared the tiger reserve later in 1978, making it a part of India’s Project Tiger. Sariska is the first tiger reserve to have successfully relocated Royal Bengal tigers in India. The Reserve is immensely rich in flora and fauna; Flora: Scrub thorn arid forests, rocky landscapes, semi-deciduous woodlands. Trees like Tendu, Dhok, and Khair. Fauna: Home to Royal Bengal Tigers, leopards, Nilgai, Sambar, chital, and various bird species including peafowl, vultures, and eagles. The Sanctuary houses ruined temples, forts, pavilions and a palace. Kankarwadi fort is located in the center of the Reserve and it is said that Mughal emperor Aurangzeb had imprisoned his brother Dara Shikoh at this fort in struggle for succession to the throne. The Reserve also houses a famous temple of lord Hanuman at Pandupole related to Pandavas. Source: The Print Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) With reference to the Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI), consider the following statements: The PMI is a key economic indicator that reflects the prevailing direction of economic trends in the manufacturing and service sectors. It considers key areas such as new orders, inventory levels, production, supplier deliveries, and employment. It helps business leaders, analysts, and investors make informed decisions. How many of the above given statements are not correct? Only one Only two All three None Q2.) With reference to the Sariska Tiger Reserves, consider the following statements: Sariska Tiger Reserve is located in Eastern Ghats. Sariska is the first tiger reserve to have successfully relocated Royal Bengal tigers in India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q3.) With reference to the Asset Management Companies (AMCs), consider the following statements: They are financial institutions that pools funds from investors and invests in various financial instruments, such as stocks, bonds, and real estate, to generate returns for the investors in exchange for a fee. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) regulates and controls AMCs in India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ 7th August 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 6th August – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – c Q.2) – a Q.3) – d

Aug 9, 2024 TLP Mains Answer Writing

IASbaba’s TLP 2024 (Phase 2): UPSC Mains Answer Writing – GS3 Questions [9th August, 2024] – Day 47

Hello Students TLP has been an integral ingredient of success for many toppers and is no secret. In the ‘must do’ list for the civil services exam, TLP is by far the most popular initiative. The popularity stems from the unparalleled quality of questions and synopsis posted in TLP. We strive hard to ensure that you get the real feel of UPSC standards before you write the Mains. You already know the features of TLP. Just to reiterate briefly, in the TLP initiative, we post 5 questions daily for a certain number of weeks (9 for this one). We follow a micro plan that is designed to give you daily targets. The questions are from the day’s syllabus and also from current affairs and you are expected to write the answers and post them on the portal. This year onwards TLP will have a Dedicated Portal for Focused Preparation (tlpmains.iasbaba.com). There will be a separate dedicated portal similar to (The RaRe Series) which students loved and appreciated. The Portal will help you stay focused and keep your preparation streamlined. The Registration link for the dedicated portal is given at the end of the post. We are charging a token amount of 10/- for registration to the dedicated portal. We are doing it because we want to create a community of sincere aspirants who are focused and motivated till the Mains Examination. Please don’t take it otherwise. It is our honest effort to give you the best and at the same time expect students to come with the same energy and dedication to the dedicated platform specially designed for YOU! Join our bandwagon, you won’t regret it. UPSC 2025 Aspirants are encouraged to participate as well. Register Here – CLICK HERE To Know More About TLP 2024 (Phase 2) – CLICK HERE To Access Day 47 Questions – CLICK HERE P.S: We would encourage peer reviews. So friends get actively involved and start reviewing each other’s answers. This will keep the entire community motivated. All the Best

Aug 8, 2024 IASbaba's Monthly Current Affairs Magazine

[CURRENT AFFAIRS] IAS UPSC REVAMPED Current Affairs Magazine June 2024

Archives Hello Friends, This is June 2024 of IASbaba’s REVAMPED Current Affairs Monthly Magazine. Current Affairs for UPSC Civil Services Examination is an important factor in this preparation. An effort towards making your Current Affairs for IAS UPSC Preparation qualitative. We hope you make the best use of it! This edition covers all Important current affairs issues that were in the news for the month of June 2024. Kindly leave your feedback in the comment section below on the new design and presentation of the magazine. We would love to hear from you! Download The Magazine - June 2024 Important Topics Covered In The Magazine Includes: Enemy Agents Ordinance India-Bangladesh Relations Sticky Inflation Lake Natron Kaza Summit Stromatolites Birsa Munda Greyzone Warfare And Much More..... Download The Magazine - June 2024 To get Regular Updates from IASbaba, follow- TELEGRAM Channel – https://t.me/IASbabaOfficialAccount YOUTUBE – https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChvbVdio9Wgj7Z3nQz1Q0ZQ FACEBOOK – https://www.facebook.com/iasbaba/ Also, SUBSCRIBE to the WEBSITE Below, so that you don’t miss out on important posts! Thank You IASbaba

Aug 8, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 8th August 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) DISASTER MANAGEMENT (AMENDMENT) BILL 2024 Syllabus Mains – GS 3 Context: The government recently introduced a bill in Parliament to amend the Disaster Management Act of 2005. Background:- It proposes to make important changes in the Act, aimed mainly at improving the operational efficiencies in responding to a natural disaster. Background and Importance of the DM Act Enactment Context: The Disaster Management (DM) Act was enacted following the 2004 tsunami, with initial ideas stemming from the 1998 Odisha super cyclone. Institutional Framework: The Act established: National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs) National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) The Act was followed by a National Disaster Management Policy in 2009 and a National Disaster Management Plan in 2016. The framework has been effective in saving lives, providing relief, rescue, and rehabilitation services. Climate Change: Increasing natural disasters have made agencies such as NDMA more important than ever, requiring the assignment of greater responsibilities and resources. Proposed Amendments in the Bill: Urban Disaster Management Authorities: The disaster management structure already extends to the district level, with district disaster management authorities in operation. However, the Bill acknowledges the unique needs of large metropolitan cities, which often encompass multiple districts. So the bill proposes: Creation of Urban Disaster Management Authorities in all state capitals and cities with a municipal corporation to be headed by municipal commissioner for unified city-level disaster management. State Disaster Response Force (SDRF): While most states have disaster response forces modeled after the NDRF over the years, the 2005 Act does not mandate the creation of an SDRF. In the 2024 bill : Mandatory for every state to establish and maintain an SDRF, addressing current inconsistencies in size and capacity. National Crisis Management Committee (NCMC): Legal status granted to the NCMC, headed by the Cabinet Secretary, to handle disasters with serious or national ramifications. Enhanced Role of NDMA: NDMA to periodically assess disaster risks, including emerging threats. Creation and maintenance of a national disaster database. SDMAs to establish state-level disaster databases. Compensation Guidelines: NDMA to recommend minimum relief standards and compensation for loss of life, property, and livelihoods. Clarification on Man-made Disasters: Exclusion of law-and-order situations from the definition of man-made disasters. Day to day functioning of NDMA: Amendment allows the chairperson or vice-chairperson to designate a member OF NDMA for day-to-day functioning, legitimizing the currently vacant vice-chairperson role. Unaddressed Issues in the bill: Elevation of NDMA: Suggestion to elevate NDMA to a government department or ministry for enhanced coordination and authority. Leadership and Political Support: The post of vice-chairperson has been vacant for about a decade. There is a need for vice-chairperson to provide leadership and political heft necessary to deal with states and other central government agencies. Administrative and Financial Powers: NDMA’s lack of direct administrative financial powers causes inefficiencies.Routing every small decision through the Home Ministry is an inefficient and time-consuming process. Staffing: NDMA is under-staffed at the top, with only three members instead of the previous six to seven, affecting disaster management. Source: Indian Express GST ON HEALTH INSURANCE Syllabus Prelims & Mains – SOCIAL ISSUES Context: Insurance companies have increased premiums on health and life policies this year, and with the 18% GST, insurance has become less affordable for many people. Background: Opposition leaders, including Rahul Gandhi, recently protested, demanding the withdrawal of GST on life and health insurance premiums. What is the GST on health and life insurance premiums? GST replaced all indirect taxes like service tax and cess from July 1, 2017. Currently, GST on health and life insurance policies is fixed at 18%. Since GST encapsulates service tax, which applies to the insurance industry, its introduction has resulted in an increase in premium amounts. Prior to GST, life insurance premiums were subject to 15% service taxes, comprising Basic Service Tax, Swachh Bharat cess, and Krishi Kalyan cess. The increase from 15% to 18% impacted the policyholders — by raising their premiums amounts. This, along with medical inflation, which was estimated to be 14% towards the end of last year — has made buying medical insurance difficult for many people. Same is the case with term insurance policies. The government acknowledged recently that representations had been received asking for an exemption or reduction in the rate of GST on life and health insurance. Rationale for Imposing GST on Insurance Premiums: GST applies to all insurance policies as they are considered services, and policyholders must pay tax on their premiums. This tax is a significant revenue source for the government, generating Rs 21,256 crore over the last three financial years and an additional Rs 3,274 crore from health policy renewals. Insurance policies allow certain tax deductions under the Income Tax Act, 1961. Sections 80C and 80D are particularly popular. Section 80C: Allows deductions of up to Rs 1.5 lakh on the overall insurance premium, including GST. Section 80D: Offers additional deductions if customers opt for a medical rider with their life insurance policies. There is no guarantee that insurers will pass on the benefit to customers even if government reduces GST. Argument for withdrawing the GST on the premium Main issue is the large increases in premium on health insurance policies. Renewal rate of policies is alarmingly declining due to frequent premium hikes. GST on insurance in India is the highest in the world — and that the situation needs to be addressed in order to attain insurance regulator IRDAI’s goal of “Insurance for All by 2047 Source: Indian Express E-RUPEE Syllabus Prelims – ECONOMY Context: Major fintech companies, including Google Pay, PhonePe, Amazon Pay, Cred, and Mobikwik are looking to join the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) digital currency project by allowing their users to transact in e-rupee via Unified Payments Interface (UPI). Background: Initially, only banks were allowed to offer e-rupee transactions, but the RBI has now opened the project to payment firms to increase transaction volumes and user engagement. About e – rupee The e-rupee, or digital rupee, is a digital currency issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). It was launched on a pilot basis in December 2022. It is available entirely in electronic form and does not leave computer network. Types: Retail e-Rupee: Intended for general public use, allowing individuals to make everyday transactions. Wholesale e-Rupee: Designed for financial institutions to facilitate interbank transactions and other large-scale financial activities. Features: Legal Tender: The e-rupee is like banknotes issued by the RBI and is a legal tender that can be used to make transactions. The only difference is that they can only be transacted online. Non-Interest Bearing: The digital rupee in users wallets does not attract interest payments from the central bank. Conversion: Deposits held in banks can be converted into digital rupees and vice versa for ease of use. Objectives: Efficiency: Aims to enhance the efficiency and security of transactions. Accessibility: Provides an additional option for using money, especially in a digital format. Implementation Initially offered by a select group of public and private banks in a few major cities. Usage: Can be used for both person-to-person and person-to-merchant transactions. Significance: Modernization: Represents a step towards modernizing India’s financial system. Adoption: With fintech companies joining the initiative, the adoption rate is expected to increase further. Source: Hindu PARIVESH PORTAL Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: The PARIVESH portal, meant to assist in the effective delivery of various environmental clearances, has now crossed the milestone of 50,000 clearances, the government said recently Background: According to the government, the average time taken for receiving an Environmental Impact Assessment clearance(EC) has been reduced from 105 days to double digits in 2023-2024, while the average time for receiving an Forest clearance (FC) has been reduced to 150 days. About PARIVESH portal : The PARIVESH portal (Pro-Active and Responsive facilitation by Interactive, Virtuous and Environmental Single-window Hub) is an initiative by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Government of India. It serves as a comprehensive online platform for the submission, monitoring, and tracking of various environmental, forest, wildlife, and Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) clearances required for different projects in India. Key Features of PARIVESH: Single-Window Clearance: PARIVESH provides a single-window solution for obtaining multiple environmental clearances, making the process more streamlined and efficient. Online Submission and Tracking: Project proponents can submit their proposals online and track the status of their applications in real-time. This ensures transparency and reduces delays. Role-Based Access: The portal offers role-based access to different stakeholders, including project proponents, citizens, and government officials, ensuring that each user can interact with the system according to their specific needs. Automated Processes: The portal leverages emerging technologies such as GIS and advanced data analytics to automate various processes, facilitating quicker and more effective decision-making without compromising environmental safeguards. Interactive Features: Users can interact with scrutiny officers, receive online clearance letters, and get alerts in case of delays beyond the stipulated time for processing applications. User-Friendly Interface: The portal is designed to be user-friendly, with features like online mailers, alerts, and a comprehensive helpdesk to assist users in navigating the system. Source: The Print YEN CARRY TRADE Syllabus Prelims – ECONOMY Context: Recently, major stock markets across the world experienced their sharpest decline in decades and the yen carry trade was one reason behind this decline. Background: The yen carry trade is a classic example of how interconnected global financial markets are, and how changes in one country’s monetary policy can have widespread effects. About Yen carry trade A carry trade is a trading strategy that involves borrowing at a low-interest rate and investing in an asset that provides a higher rate of return. It typically involves borrowing in a low-interest rate currency and converting the borrowed amount into another currency. The proceeds are generally deposited in the second currency if it offers a higher interest rate. Alternatively, the proceeds could be deployed into assets such as stocks, commodities, bonds, or real estate denominated in the second currency. Yen Carry Trade: The Japanese yen is one of the most widely used currencies for carry trades. In a yen carry trade, investors, including retail Japanese investors, borrow at a low interest rate at home and purchase assets in another country with higher returns, such as overseas equities and bonds. The yen has been popular for carry trades because Japan has maintained a zero-interest rate policy for over two decades. The idea behind low interest rates is to stimulate economic activity. For instance, such low interest rates incentivize investors to borrow cheaply in yen and invest in other countries (such as Brazil, Mexico, India, and even the US) to earn better returns. These carry trades are called yen carry trades. Recent Developments: Interest Rate Increase: The Bank of Japan recently raised its interest rate to 0.25%, causing the yen to strengthen. Investor Reaction: As the yen appreciated, investors who had borrowed yen were forced to sell their higher-yielding assets to repay their loans, leading to a sell-off in global markets. Source: Business Standard METHANOTROPHS Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: Researchers at MACS Agharkar Research Institute, under the Department of Science and Technology, have isolated and described the first indigenous methanotroph cultures in India. Background: The discovery of native methane-eating bacteria in the country’s rice fields and wetlands offers a promising natural solution to mitigate climate change and combat greenhouse gases About methanotrophs : Methanotrophs, also known as methanophiles, are fascinating microorganisms that metabolize methane as their primary source of carbon and energy. They can be either bacteria or archaea and are capable of growing in both aerobic (with oxygen) and anaerobic (without oxygen) conditions. Key Characteristics: Metabolism: Methanotrophs utilize methane, converting it into formaldehyde, which is then used to produce energy or assimilated into biomass. Habitat: These organisms are commonly found in environments where methane is produced, such as wetlands, soils, marshes, rice paddies, landfills, and aquatic systems like lakes and oceans. Environmental Role: Methanotrophs play a crucial role in reducing methane emissions to the atmosphere, thereby helping mitigate global warming Applications: Environmental: Methanotrophs are being explored for their potential in bioremediation and wastewater treatment, where they can help reduce methane emissions. Biotechnology: They are also being studied for their ability to convert methane into valuable bioproducts, such as biofuels and bioplastics. Source: PIB Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) With reference to Methanotrophs, consider the following statements: They play a significant role in the global methane budget, by reducing the amount of methane emitted to the atmosphere. Their habitats include wetlands, soils, marshes, rice paddies, landfills and aquatic systems. Which of the statements given above is/are correct 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q2.) With reference to the carry trade in stock market, consider the following statements: A carry trade is a trading strategy that involves borrowing at a low-interest rate and investing in an asset that provides a higher rate of return. It typically involves borrowing in a low-interest rate currency and converting the borrowed amount into another currency which offers a higher interest rate. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q3.) With reference to the e-Rupee (Digital Rupee), consider the following statements: The e-rupee is a digital currency issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). It is available entirely in electronic form and does not leave computer network. It can be used for both person-to-person and person-to-merchant transactions. How many of the statements given above are correct? Only one Only two All three None Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ 8th August 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 6th August – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – c Q.2) – a Q.3) – d

Aug 8, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 8th August 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. To take the Test Click Here

Aug 7, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 7th August 2024

Aug 7, 2024 TLP Mains Answer Writing

IASbaba’s TLP 2024 (Phase 2): UPSC Mains Answer Writing – GS3 Questions [7th August, 2024] – Day 45

Hello Students TLP has been an integral ingredient of success for many toppers and is no secret. In the ‘must do’ list for the civil services exam, TLP is by far the most popular initiative. The popularity stems from the unparalleled quality of questions and synopsis posted in TLP. We strive hard to ensure that you get the real feel of UPSC standards before you write the Mains. You already know the features of TLP. Just to reiterate briefly, in the TLP initiative, we post 5 questions daily for a certain number of weeks (9 for this one). We follow a micro plan that is designed to give you daily targets. The questions are from the day’s syllabus and also from current affairs and you are expected to write the answers and post them on the portal. This year onwards TLP will have a Dedicated Portal for Focused Preparation (tlpmains.iasbaba.com). There will be a separate dedicated portal similar to (The RaRe Series) which students loved and appreciated. The Portal will help you stay focused and keep your preparation streamlined. The Registration link for the dedicated portal is given at the end of the post. We are charging a token amount of 10/- for registration to the dedicated portal. We are doing it because we want to create a community of sincere aspirants who are focused and motivated till the Mains Examination. Please don’t take it otherwise. It is our honest effort to give you the best and at the same time expect students to come with the same energy and dedication to the dedicated platform specially designed for YOU! Join our bandwagon, you won’t regret it. UPSC 2025 Aspirants are encouraged to participate as well. Register Here – CLICK HERE To Know More About TLP 2024 (Phase 2) – CLICK HERE To Access Day 45 Questions – CLICK HERE P.S: We would encourage peer reviews. So friends get actively involved and start reviewing each other’s answers. This will keep the entire community motivated. All the Best

Aug 6, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 6th August 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) FIVE YEARS OF ABROGATION OF ARTICLE 370 Syllabus Mains – GS 2 & GS 3 Context: On August 5, 2019, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the abrogation of Article 370, ending the special status of Jammu and Kashmir. Subsequently, Parliament exercised its powers under Article 3 of the Constitution to withdraw statehood from Jammu and Kashmir, creating two Union Territories. Background:- “With the abrogation came security, dignity, and opportunity for women, youth, backward, tribal, and marginalized communities who were previously deprived of the benefits of development. At the same time, it has ensured that corruption, which plagued Jammu and Kashmir for decades, has been kept at bay,” Prime Minister remarked recently. Key takeaways Five years later, after the Supreme Court affirmed the constitutionality of the process, two questions loom: Did the abrogation achieve its intended goals? What is the way forward to bridge the democratic deficit in the Union Territory? On the economic and governance fronts, there have been gains. Last-mile delivery of services has improved, with over 1,000 public utility services digitized. Major projects under the Prime Minister’s development package are either completed or nearing completion, and investments worth an estimated Rs 6,000 crore have been realized. Tourist visits to the Union Territory increased from 3.4 million in 2020 to 21.1 million in 2023, with the first half of 2024 witnessing a 20 percent increase over the previous year. On the security front, peace has largely prevailed in the Valley, though it has been maintained more through strong-arm tactics than by winning hearts and minds. Recently, however, the nature and focus of the conflict are shifting, with infiltrators from across the border becoming more active in the Jammu region. Despite the detention of several elected leaders in August 2019, the people of Jammu and Kashmir have demonstrated their faith in the democratic process. In the 2024 general election, voter turnout reached 58.6 percent— the highest in 35 years—during an incident-free poll. Nevertheless, politics remains the most significant work in progress. Way forward Too often, the security situation has been cited as a roadblock to restoring statehood. It is crucial to recognize that viewing democracy and security as mutually exclusive is narrow and limiting. While restoring statehood undoubtedly requires a calibrated approach, it is a process that must commence swiftly, with clear timelines. The Supreme Court’s September deadline to hold elections could serve as a starting point. Only through active involvement of the people in the governance process can alienation be effectively addressed. Source: Indian Express SUBSTANTIVE EQUALITY AND THE QUOTA QUESTION Syllabus Prelims & Mains – Polity Context: The Supreme Court’s recent verdict on sub-classification of the Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) quota marked a milestone in equality jurisprudence. CJI D.Y. Chandrachud, emphasized substantive equality in the judgment. Background: In a string of rulings given over the last seven years, CJI Chandrachud has referred to substantive equality to stress that reservation is a facet of merit, and not an exception to the merit rule. The State of Punjab v. Davinder Singh (2024) , the latest judgement allowing sub classification, stands as a testimony to the evolved understanding of judiciary with respect to reservations. What is substantive equality Substantive equality is a principle in law that goes beyond formal equality, which simply means treating everyone the same. Instead, substantive equality focuses on addressing the actual disparities and disadvantages that different individuals or groups face due to their unique circumstances or historical injustices. It aims to ensure that everyone has an equal opportunity to succeed by recognizing and addressing the different needs and barriers that affect them. In essence, while formal equality treats everyone the same, substantive equality seeks to level the playing field by providing support and adjustments based on specific needs and historical contexts. Supreme Court’s view on reservation over the years As Limiting Equality: Initially, the Supreme Court took a formal and restrictive approach to reservations, viewing them as exceptions to the principle of equal opportunity. In The State of Madras v. Champakam Dorairajan (1951), the Court ruled that reserving seats in educational institutions was unconstitutional, as there was no explicit provision for it, unlike Article 16(4) which allows reservations in public employment. Parliament enacted the First Amendment to the Constitution, adding Article 15(4) to allow reservations in educational institutions, despite Article 29 prohibiting discrimination against any citizen on grounds of religion, race, caste, language, or any of them with respect to admission into educational institutions. This formalistic view persisted in the Indra Sawhney v. Union of India (1992) (Mandal judgment), where the Court saw Articles 15(4) and 16(4) as special provisions or in other words, an exception to the principle of equality and imposed a 50% cap on reservations. As a Facet of Equality: The Court’s decision in State of Kerala v. N.M. Thomas (1975) marked a shift towards an expansive and substantive reading of equality, upholding a Kerala law that relaxed qualifying criteria for SC and ST candidates in government jobs, without viewing it as an exception to equality of opportunity. As Limiting Efficiency: Article 335 of the Constitution mandates that reservations for SCs and STs in services must be consistent with administrative efficiency. The Supreme Court’s discourse on reservations emphasized maintaining “efficiency,” often equating merit with efficiency. This view led to rulings against reservations in promotions, as seen in the 1992 Indra Sawhney judgment, where SC held that reservations in promotions would dilute efficiency in administration. In 1995, the Constitution (Seventy-seventh) Amendment Act introduced Article 16(4A), allowing “consequential seniority,” which lets reserved-category candidates retain seniority gained through earlier promotions. This amendment was upheld in 2006, on the ground that the efficiency of administration was only relaxed, not obliterated. Repudiation of the Reservation-Versus-Merit Binary: Chief Justice D.Y. Chandrachud has reframed the quota-versus-efficiency debate through his rulings. He argues that reservations should be seen as embodying substantive equality, rather than as concessions. Chandrachud contends that the stereotype linking reservation to inefficiency prevents SC/ST candidates from accessing promotions, which was precisely why reservations were introduced. He views constitutional amendments as a repudiation of the binary between reservation and merit. Source: Indian Express NIGERIA Syllabus Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: Nigeria’s president called for end to protests against economic hardship. Background: Amnesty International has said at least 13 people were killed in clashes with security forces on the first day of protests in Nigeria. About Nigeria Nigeria, officially known as the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. Abuja serves as the capital, while Lagos is the largest city in Nigeria and one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world. The economy faces challenges, and the country is in the midst of a severe economic downturn. Nigeria experiences high levels of poverty and youth unemployment. It is situated between theSahel to the north and the Gulf of Guinea to the south in the Atlantic Ocean. Nigeria is bordered by: Niger (north), Chad (northeast), Cameroon (east), and Benin (west). The country has a population of over 200 million people, with more than 250 ethnic groups, and over 500 languages spoken.It isAfrica’s most populous country. Nigeria is a founding member of theAfrican Union and a member of many international organizations, including the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, NAM, the Economic Community of West African States, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and OPEC. Nigeria is Africa’s top oil producer. But it faces many challenges such as; Political instability and corruption Economic inequality and poverty Security concerns, including Boko Haram insurgency Environmental degradation and pollution Healthcare and education challenges Source: Reuters FASTag Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: The National Payments Corporation of India implemented new FASTag regulations effective August 1, 2024, aimed at improving toll collection efficiency. Background: As part of the new rules, FASTag service providers are required to complete Know Your Customer (KYC) updates for all FASTags issued between three to five years ago by October 31, 2024. Furthermore, the NPCI mandates that any FASTag older than five years must be replaced. About National Electronic Toll Collection (NETC) : National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) has developed the National Electronic Toll Collection (NETC) program to meet the electronic tolling requirements of the India. It offers an interoperable nationwide toll payment solution including clearing house services for settlement and dispute management. Interoperability, as it applies to National Electronic Toll Collection (NETC) system, encompasses a common set of processes, business rules and technical specifications which enable a customer to use their FASTag as payment mode on any of the toll plazas irrespective of who has acquired the toll plaza. What is FASTag? FASTag is a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) passive tag used for making toll payments directly from the customers linked prepaid or savings/current account. It is affixed on the windscreen of the vehicle and enables the customer to drive through toll plazas, without stopping for any toll payments. The toll fare is directly deducted from the linked account of the customer. FASTag is also vehicle specific and once it is affixed to a vehicle, it cannot be transferred to another vehicle. FASTag can be purchased from any of the NETC Member Banks. If a FASTag is linked to the prepaid account, then it needs to be recharged/ topped-up as per the usage of the customer. Source: Economic Times WESTERN GHATS Syllabus Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: Karnataka Forest Minister Eshwar Khandre recently announced the formation of a task force aimed at addressing encroachments in the Western Ghats. Background: This task force, led by the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests and Head of Forest Force, will focus on clearing illegal resorts, homestays, and other encroachments in the ghat regions. The urgency of this action is underscored by recent landslides in Shirur, where over 10 people lost their lives. About Western Ghats The Western Ghats, also known as the Sahyadri, is mountain range that stretches 1,600 km along the western coast of the Indian peninsula. The Western Ghats traverse several Indian states: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. These mountains form an almost continuous chain along the western edge of the Deccan Plateau, from the Tapti River to Swamithoppe in Kanyakumari district at the southern tip of India. The range meets with the Eastern Ghats at Nilgiris before continuing south. Anamudi is the highest peak in Western Ghats. Features: Biodiversity Hotspot: These mountains harbour an incredible array of plant and animal species. Over 5,000 flowering plants, 139 mammal species, 508 bird species, and countless insects call the Ghats home. Endemic Species: Many species found here are unique to the region. For instance, the Nilgiri tahr (a mountain goat), the Malabar giant squirrel, and the lion-tailed macaque are endemic to the Western Ghats. Rainfall Patterns: The Ghats intercept monsoon winds, leading to heavy rainfall on the windward side (western slopes) and a rain shadow effect on the leeward side (eastern slopes). This influences India’s overall climate. Water Source: Numerous rivers originate in the Western Ghats, including the Godavari, Krishna, and Cauvery. These rivers play a vital role in supporting agriculture and ecosystems downstream. UNESCO World Heritage Site: Recognized for its ecological significance, the Western Ghats are a designated World Heritage Site, emphasizing their importance for global conservation efforts. Source: Hindu Ol Doinyo Lengai Volcano Syllabus Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: Ol Doinyo Lengai Volcano has been steadily sinking into the ground for the past 10 years, a new study shows, and the cause could be a deflating reservoir directly beneath one of the volcano’s two craters. Background: The research reveals that the ground around the summit of Ol Doinyo Lengai volcano, which sits along an active rift zone in East Africa, subsided at a rate of 1.4 inches (3.6 centimeters) per year between 2013 and 2023. About Ol Doinyo Lengai Volcano : Ol Doinyo Lengai, meaning “Mountain of God” in the Maasai language, is a unique and active stratovolcano located in the Gregory Rift, south of Lake Natron in Tanzania. Geography and Structure Location: Situated in the Arusha Region of Tanzania. Elevation: The volcano rises to an elevation of approximately 2,962 meters (9,718 feet). Crater: It has two main craters, with the northern crater being the active one. Unique Lava: Ol Doinyo Lengai is the only known volcano on Earth that is actively erupting carbonatite magma — extremely runny magma that is saturated with alkali elements, such as calcium and sodium, and poor in silica. Most terrestrial magmas are rich in silica, a compound made from bonded chains of silicon and oxygen that binds molten rock together and gives it a viscous consistency. But unlike those other magmas, whose weight is between 45 and 70% silica, the magma that feeds Ol Doinyo Lengai contains less than 25% silica by weight. Appearance: Although the lava is black or dark gray when it erupts, it quickly turns white once it dries. It is because carbonatite lava weathers differently than silicate lava due to its chemical makeup. Source: Livescience Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) With reference to the Western Ghats, consider the following statements: The Western Ghats is a mountain range that stretches 5,600 km along the western coast of the Indian peninsula. The Western Ghats was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2012. Anamudi is the highest peak in Western Ghats. Which of the statements given above is/are correct 1 only 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1,2 and 3 Q2.) Ol Doinyo Lengai volcano, recently seen in news, is located in Tanzania Mozambique Kenya Indonesia Q3.) Consider the following countries: Niger Chad Cameroon Benin How many of the above-mentioned countries share border with Nigeria? Only one Only two Only three All four Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ 6th August 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 5th August – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – d Q.2) – b Q.3) – c

Aug 6, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 6th August 2024

Aug 6, 2024 TLP Mains Answer Writing

IASbaba’s TLP 2024 (Phase 2): UPSC Mains Answer Writing – GS3 Questions [6th August, 2024] – Day 44

Hello Students TLP has been an integral ingredient of success for many toppers and is no secret. In the ‘must do’ list for the civil services exam, TLP is by far the most popular initiative. The popularity stems from the unparalleled quality of questions and synopsis posted in TLP. We strive hard to ensure that you get the real feel of UPSC standards before you write the Mains. You already know the features of TLP. Just to reiterate briefly, in the TLP initiative, we post 5 questions daily for a certain number of weeks (9 for this one). We follow a micro plan that is designed to give you daily targets. The questions are from the day’s syllabus and also from current affairs and you are expected to write the answers and post them on the portal. This year onwards TLP will have a Dedicated Portal for Focused Preparation (tlpmains.iasbaba.com). There will be a separate dedicated portal similar to (The RaRe Series) which students loved and appreciated. The Portal will help you stay focused and keep your preparation streamlined. The Registration link for the dedicated portal is given at the end of the post. We are charging a token amount of 10/- for registration to the dedicated portal. We are doing it because we want to create a community of sincere aspirants who are focused and motivated till the Mains Examination. Please don’t take it otherwise. It is our honest effort to give you the best and at the same time expect students to come with the same energy and dedication to the dedicated platform specially designed for YOU! Join our bandwagon, you won’t regret it. UPSC 2025 Aspirants are encouraged to participate as well. Register Here – CLICK HERE To Know More About TLP 2024 (Phase 2) – CLICK HERE To Access Day 44 Questions – CLICK HERE P.S: We would encourage peer reviews. So friends get actively involved and start reviewing each other’s answers. This will keep the entire community motivated. All the Best

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