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Aug 5, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 5th August 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) SOUTH AFRICA’S NEW LAW ON CLIMATE CHANGE Syllabus Mains – GS 3 Context: Recently, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa has signed into law a broad climate change act. Background:- The Climate Change Bill aims to enable South Africa to meet its emissions reduction commitments under the Paris climate agreement. South Africa, is the world’s most carbon-intensive major economy. What is the significance of this law? South Africa relies on coal as its primary fuel source for electricity generation and is one of the world’s top 15 greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters. The energy sector represents roughly 80% of gross emissions, with energy industries ~60% and transport ~12%. As an economy which is dependent on agriculture and tourism, South Africa has faced increasing Western pressure to accelerate its transition away from fossil fuel. New law impose mandatory curbs on the emissions from large, fossil-fuel heavy industries and, require climate-adaptation plans from towns and villages. What about India? India does not have a comprehensive legislation on climate change. Priyanka Chaturvedi, Rajya Sabha MP, had moved a Private Member’s Bill, called the Council on Climate Change Bill, most recently in 2022. This proposed setting up a Council, chaired by the Prime Minister, for advising the Union government on all matters related to climate change but there has been no significant movement on this so far. However, climate change features in multiple Acts and subordinate legislation. These include the Environmental Protection Act, Forest Conservation Act, Energy Conservation Act, Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act among others. Supreme Court recently ruled that citizens have a right against the adverse effects of climate change, and referred to the fact that India did not have an omnibus legislation on climate change. Despite Constitutional guarantees that give the citizens equality before the law and right to life and personal liberty, it was now necessary, in the Court’s view, to explicitly link the impact of climate change as something which impedes rights of liberty, life and equality. Source: Hindu CAR-T CELL Syllabus Prelims & Mains – SCIENCE & TECHNOLGY Context: A blood cancer patient recently got cured with the help of special treatment called Chimeric Antigen Receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy. Background: This advanced method helps fightcancer by using the patient’s own immune system. Key takeaways CAR-T cell therapy, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, is an immunotherapy-based cancer treatment that uses the power of a patient’s own immune system to fight cancer. The immune system is the body’s defence network against infections and diseases. White blood cells (WBCs) play a pivotal role in the immune system. How does the immune system work The immune system protects the body from infections using two main strategies: innate and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity provides immediate, non-specific defence through barriers (skin, mucous membranes), phagocytic cells (neutrophils, macrophages), and inflammatory responses. Adaptive immunity involves lymphocytes – a type of white blood cells. Adaptive immune responses are carried out by different classes of lymphocytes called B-cells and T-cells. B-cells (originate and mature in the bone marrow) produce antibodies targeting specific pathogens (antigens), while T-cells (originate in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus) destroy infected cells. Upon pathogen entry, the immune system recognises antigens, activates immune cells, eliminates the threat, and forms memory cells for faster future responses. Why T-Cells T-cells are primarily used in CAR-T cell therapy because of their pivotal role in the immune system’s response to pathogens. These cells can be genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which are specifically designed to recognise and bind to antigens on the surface of cancer cells. Once bound, these modified T-cells can efficiently kill cancer cells. Other cells like B cells also play roles in immunity but don’t have the same adaptability and memory capabilities as T cells. Procedure The CAR-T cell therapy starts by collecting a patient’s T-cells through a process called apheresis, which separates these cells from the blood. These T-cells are then sent to a lab where scientists modify them to add special receptors called chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). These receptors help the T-cells find and kill cancer cells. The modified T-cells are grown in large numbers before they are given back to the patient’s bloodstream. It represents a form of personalised medicine, as the therapy is tailored to each individual’s specific cancer. CAR-T cell therapies are also called “living drugs” because they use a patient’s own living T-cells, genetically engineered to target and destroy cancer cells. These cells actively seek out, proliferate, and persist in the body, providing a dynamic and personalised defence against cancer, unlike traditional static drugs. Source: Indian Express LANDSLIDES IN THE WESTERN GHATS Syllabus Mains – GS 3 Context: In the past few days, Wayanad district of Kerala has been in the news for a devastating landslide that claimed hundreds of lives. Background: Over the past decade, Kerala has witnessed numerous climate-induced disasters, underscoring the urgent need for climate-resilient infrastructure. Key causes & takeaways Landslide Trigger: Extremely heavy rainfall triggered by the warming of the Arabian Sea caused the landslide. The southeast Arabian Sea is becoming warmer, leading to atmospheric instability over large parts of the Western Ghats, including Kerala. Ecologically Sensitive Area: In 2011, the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel, headed by ecologist Madhav Gadgil, designated the region as an ecologically sensitive area (ESA). The Gadgil Committee recommended banning construction, mining, and quarrying activities in large parts of the Western Ghats, one of the world’s eight hottest biodiversity hotspots. Recurring Disasters: A similar tragedy struck Kerala’s hilly regions in 2019. Despite clear warnings from experts, unchecked construction and tourism-related activities have continued unabated. Construction of roads and other infrastructure in such regions should be undertaken with scientific precision, considering the environmental impact. Landslide-Prone Areas: Nearly half of Kerala comprises hills and mountainous regions with slopes exceeding 20 degrees, making these areas particularly prone to landslides during heavy rains. Evaluating land use changes and development activities in landslide-prone areas is crucial for climate resilience. Impact of Depleting Forests: A 2022 study on depleting forests in Wayanad revealed that 62% of the district’s green cover disappeared between 1950 and 2018, while plantation cover rose by around 1,800%. The Wayanad tragedy is a stark reminder of the delicate balance between nature and human activity. It highlights the dire consequences of neglecting ecological warnings and the pressing need to adopt sustainable development practices to safeguard the environment and the lives that depend on it. Source: Indian Express DARK TOURISM Syllabus Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: As the rescue operations continue in Wayanad following the catastrophic landslides, the Kerala Police have issued a stern warning, urging people to avoid “dark tourism” in the disaster-stricken areas. Background: The warning was posted on social media to prevent disruptions in the ongoing rescue efforts About Dark tourism : Dark tourism, also known as black tourism, thanatourism or grief tourism, is tourism that is associated with death, suffering and tragedy. Dark tourism encompasses travel to sites linked to events such as genocide, assassination, incarceration, ethnic cleansing, war, or natural disasters. Visitors are drawn to these locations for various reasons, including historical value and curiosity. While some view dark tourism as an act of respect, others consider it controversial. Dark tourism sites Examples: Chernobyl, Ukraine – Known for the 1986 nuclear disaster, Chernobyl has become a prominent dark tourism destination with guided tours available. Auschwitz-Birkenau, Poland – The largest Nazi concentration and extermination camp of World War II, Auschwitz-Birkenau attracts numerous visitors annually who come to learn about the Holocaust. Pompeii, Italy – The ancient city of Pompeii, buried by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79, provides a preserved glimpse into life and death in the Roman Empire. Source: NDTV BANDHAVGARH TIGER RESERVE Syllabus Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: Alarming cases of tiger deaths and hunting incidents in Madhya Pradesh’s Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve and its surrounding forest divisions have been reported by a top official. Background: The report highlights severe negligence in handling tiger cases and raises serious concerns about wildlife conservation in the region. Madhya Pradesh, known as the ‘Tiger State,’ is home to some of the highest concentrations of tigers in the country. About BANDHAVGARH TIGER RESERVE The Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve is located in the Umaria district of Madhya Pradesh, India. It lies in the heart of India, between the Vindhya Range and the eastern flanks of the Satpura hill ranges. Bandhavgarh boasts one of the highest tiger densities globally. The core area of the Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve covers a total of 716 km². Apart from tigers, the reserve is home to various other wildlife species, including leopards, deer, langurs, and numerous bird species. Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve was declared a national park in 1968 and later in 1993, it was declared a tiger reserve under the Project Tiger initiative. The reserve is also crisscrossed by several small rivers and streams, including the Charanganga River, the Dammer River, and the Johilla River. Conservation Challenges: Mining Activities: Rising mining activities around the park pose a threat to the tigers. Human-Wildlife Conflict: Historically, villagers and their cattle faced danger from tigers. Source: NDTV PLASTIC POLLUTION Syllabus Mains – GS 3 Context: According to a 2020-21 report by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), India generates four million tonnes of plastic waste annually. Background: Unfortunately, only a quarter of this waste is recycled or treated, with the rest ending up in landfills or being disposed of unsustainably. About Plastic Pollution: Plastic pollution refers to the accumulation of plastic waste in the environment, leading to negative impacts on ecosystems, wildlife, human health, and overall ecological balance. Challenges/Issues associated with plastic waste in India: Like much of the world, India is struggling to dispose of its growing quantities of plastic waste given how ubiquitous it has become- from our toothbrushes to debit cards. A little over 10,000 tonnes a day of plastic waste remains uncollected. India’s packaging industry is the biggest consumer of plastics. A 2020 study on packaging in India projects a loss of almost 133 billion dollars’ worth of plastic material value over the next decade due to unsustainable packaging. Unsustainable packaging involves general packaging through single-use plastic. The popularity of online retail and food delivery apps is contributing to the rise in plastic waste in cities. India’s biggest online delivery start-ups Swiggy and Zomato are each reportedly delivering about 28 million orders a month. Polluting plastics can affect the world’s tiniest organisms, such as plankton. When these organisms become poisoned due to plastic ingestion, this causes problems for the larger animals that depend on them for food. Larger items, such as plastic bags and straws, can choke and starve marine life, while smaller fragments (microplastics) can cause liver, reproductive, and gastrointestinal damage and can directly impact the blue economy as well. The World Health Organisation published shocking research in 2018 that exposed the presence of microplastics in 90% of bottled water. Plastic toxicity in humans can lead to hormonal disruption and adverse reproductive and birth outcomes. Efforts/Initiatives by India to tackle Plastic Pollution: India launched a nationwide awareness campaign on single-use plastics on World Environment Day in June 2022. A mobile app for Single Use Plastics Grievance Redressal was also launched to empower citizens to check the sale/usage/manufacturing of SUP in their area and tackle the plastic menace. Plastic Waste Management Amendment Rules of 2022 prohibits the manufacture, import, stocking, distribution, sale, and use of several single-use plastic items as of July 1, 2022. It has also mandated Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) that incorporates circularity by making manufacturers of products responsible for collecting and processing their products upon the end of the product’s lifetime. India Plastics Pact is the first of its kind in Asia. The Plastics Pact is an ambitious and collaborative initiative to bring stakeholders together to reduce, reuse, and recycle plastics within the material’s value chain. Project REPLAN (stands for REducing PLastic in Nature) launched by the Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) aims to reduce the consumption of plastic bags by providing a more sustainable alternative. Way Forward: Plastic Leakage Hotspots : Identify key hotspots of plastic leakage in the production, consumption, and disposal phases to help governments create effective policies addressing the plastic problem. Plastic-Eating Bacteria: Highlight the discovery of plastic-eating bacteria in Japan that have been modified to digest polyester plastics, such as food packaging and plastic bottles. Alternative Materials: Identify plastic items that can be replaced with non-plastic, recyclable, or biodegradable materials. Promote alternatives to single-use plastics and reusable designs, including oxo-biodegradable plastics that degrade faster through ultraviolet radiation and heat. Zero-Waste Efforts: Encourage investment in sustainable, ocean-friendly products like reusable coffee mugs, water bottles, and food wraps to champion zero-waste initiatives. Plastic Recycling Value Chain: Emphasize the value of waste, particularly plastic, as a resource. Note that recycling creates a value chain, with examples like Thiagarajar College of Engineering in Madurai, which patented a process for making tiles and blocks from waste plastic. Circular Economy: Advocate for a circular economy to reduce material use, redesign materials to be less resource-intensive, and recapture waste as a resource for manufacturing new materials and products, contributing to sustainable development goals. Collaborative Policy Development: Stress the importance of collaboration among government ministries at national and local levels, along with industrial firms, NGOs, and volunteer organizations, for developing, implementing, and overseeing effective policies. Source: Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) With reference to the Dark tourism, consider the following statements: Dark tourism is associated with death, suffering and tragedy. Dark tourism encompasses travel to sites linked to events such as genocide, assassination, incarceration, ethnic cleansing, war, or natural disasters. Chernobyl has become a prominent dark tourism destination with guided tours available. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1,2 and 3 Q2.) The Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve, recently seen news is located in Maharashtra Madhya Pradesh Tamil Nadu Assam Q3.) Consider the following statements about Chimeric Antigen Receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy CAR-T cell therapies are also called living drugs. Its a form of personalised treatment. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ 5th August 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 3rd August – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – d Q.2) – a Q.3) – a

Aug 5, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 5th August 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. To take the Test Click Here

Aug 3, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 3rd August 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) SUB-CLASSIFICATION OF SC, ST Syllabus Mains – GS 2 Context: In a landmark judgement, a seven-judge Bench of the Supreme Court on August 1 reframed how the Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) quota may operate. The Bench headed by Chief Justice of India permitted states to create sub-classifications within the SC and ST categories for the purpose of according wider protections — through sub-quotas — to the most backward communities within these categories. Background:- This overturns the apex court’s 2004 decision in E V Chinnaiah v State of Andhra Pradesh, in which it had held that the SC/ST list is a “homogenous group” that cannot be divided or sub-classified further. Key takeaways Article 341 of the Constitution allows the President, through a notification, to list as SC “castes, races or tribes” that suffered from untouchability. SC groups are jointly accorded 15% reservation in education and public employment. Over time, some groups within the SC list have been underrepresented compared to others, prompting states to try extending more protections to these groups. These attempts have faced judicial scrutiny. In 1975, Punjab issued a notification giving first preference in SC reservations to the Balmiki and Mazhabi Sikh communities. This was challenged following the Supreme Court’s 2004 decision in E V Chinnaiah, which struck down a similar law in Andhra Pradesh. V Chinnaiah judgement: The court held that any attempts to create a differentiation within the SC list would essentially amount to tinkering with it, for which the Constitution did not empower states. Article 341 only empowers the President to issue such a notification, and Parliament to make additions or deletions to the list. The court also said that sub-classifying SCs violates the right to equality under Article 14. In 2006, the Punjab & Haryana High Court struck down Punjab’s 1975 notification in Dr. Kishan Pal v State of Punjab. Despite this, Punjab reintroduced the first preference in the Punjab Scheduled Caste and Backward Classes (Reservation in Services) Act, 2006. This Act was challenged, leading to the High Court striking it down in 2010, and an appeal to the Supreme Court. In 2014, the case was referred to a five-judge Constitution Bench to determine if the E V Chinnaiah decision had to be reconsidered. In 2020, Constitution Bench in Davinder Singh v State of Punjab held that the 2004 E V Chinnaiah decision required reconsideration, noting that SCs are not a homogeneous group and that there are unequals within SC’s, ST’s, and socially and educationally backward classes. But since this Bench, like in E V Chinnaiah, comprised five judges, a seven-judge Bench heard the issue in February 2024. Key issues before the Bench included: Are all castes in the SC list to be treated similarly?: Article 341(1) allows the President to specify SCs in a state. Article 341(2) states that only Parliament can modify this list. E V Chinnaiah decision held that SCs must be treated identically. However, CJI Chandrachud rejected this, stating that the Presidential list is a “legal fiction” and does not imply uniformity within the SCs. Can states ‘tinker’ with or sub-classify the Presidential list?: The court, in E V Chinnaiah, had held that the power under articles 15(4) & 16 (4) was limited to providing quotas in education and public employment and once reservations have been provided to SCs as a whole, it is not open to the State to sub-classify. The majority opinion in the present case held that states in exercise of its power under Articles 15 & 16 can identify varying degrees of social backwardness and provide special provisions, including sub-quotas. What is the yardstick for sub-classification?: States must demonstrate the need for wider protections, provide empirical evidence, and have a reasonable rationale for classifying sub-groups. This reasoning can be tested in court. Representation must be “effective” rather than merely “numerical,” and states must prove the disadvantaged status of sub-groups based on quantifiable data. Does the creamy layer principle apply to Scheduled Castes?: Justice Gavai supported introducing the ‘creamy layer’ principle for SCs, as applied to OBCs, to ensure that only the most disadvantaged benefit from reservations. Four of the seven judges agreed with this opinion. In conclusion, the Supreme Court’s decision reflects a nuanced approach to SC reservations, recognizing internal disparities within SCs and allowing states to address them with appropriate measures backed by evidence. Source: Indian Express CLOUDBURSTS Syllabus Prelims & Mains – GEOGRAPHY Context: Several cloudbursts occurred in Himachal Pradesh recently. Five people have died and around 50 are missing. Background: The cloudbursts also triggered flash floods that washed away several buildings, bridges, and roads cutting off several areas. About cloudbursts A cloudburst is a localised but intense rainfall activity. Not all instances of very heavy rainfall, however, are cloudbursts. A cloudburst has a very specific definition: Rainfall of 10 cm or more in an hour over a roughly 10 km x 10-km area is classified as a cloudburst event. By this definition, 5 cm of rainfall in a half- hour period over the same area would also be categorized as a cloudburst. Causes Orographic Lift: Cloudbursts frequently occur in mountainous regions where moist air is forced to rise over a mountain, cooling and condensing rapidly. Convective Clouds: They can also result from convective clouds, such as cumulonimbus clouds, which can extend up to 15 kilometers (9.3 miles) above the ground. Sudden Condensation: When warm air mixes with cooler air, it can lead to rapid condensation and precipitation. Effects Flooding: The intense rainfall can lead to flash floods, causing significant damage to infrastructure and posing risks to life. Disasters: Cloudbursts can result in landslides, especially in hilly areas, further exacerbating the damage. Detection and Forecasting Challenges: Detecting cloudbursts is challenging due to their small scale. Satellite precipitation radars often miss them, and weather models struggle to simulate them accurately. Forecasting: Predicting cloudbursts remains difficult, particularly in hilly regions where the interaction between moisture and terrain is complex. Source: Down To Earth NIRBHAYA FUND Syllabus Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: Under the Nirbhaya Fund, upto the financial year 2023-24, a total amount of Rs.7212.85 Crore has been allocated. Background: Since the inception of the Nirbhaya Fund, approximately ₹5,000 crore has been released and utilized by various Ministries and Departments. This amount represents nearly 76% of the total allocation. About Nirbhaya Fund TheNirbhaya Fund was established by the Government of India in 2013, following the tragic 2012 Delhi gang rape incident. It is a non-lapsable corpus fund. Purpose and Establishment Objective: The fund aims to support initiatives that enhance the safety and security of women in India. Initial Corpus: It was announced with an initial corpus of ₹1,000 crore in the 2013 Union Budget. Administration Managing Body: The fund is administered by the Department of Economic Affairs under the Ministry of Finance. Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD) is the nodal Ministry to appraise/recommend proposals and schemes to be funded under Nirbhaya Fund. An empowered committee was set up for appraising and recommending proposals. MWCD further has the responsibility to review and monitor the progress of sanctioned schemes in conjunction with the line Ministries/Departments. Key Initiatives and Projects One Stop Centres (OSCs): Also known as “Sakhi Centres,” these provide integrated support and assistance to women affected by violence, including medical aid, police assistance, legal aid, and counseling. Safe City Projects: Implemented in various cities to enhance women’s safety through better infrastructure, increased police presence, and technology-based solutions like CCTV surveillance. Emergency Response Support System (ERSS): A pan-India single emergency number (112) for all kinds of emergencies, including those related to women’s safety Source: News On Air PUMPED STORAGE HYDROPOWER Syllabus Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: Budget 2024-25 promised that a policy for promoting pumped storage projects will be brought out for electricity storage and facilitating smooth integration of the growing share of renewable energy with its variable and intermittent nature. Background: As the world focused on renewable energy and the challenge of variable power generation, many solutions for energy storage were proposed. The most widely adopted method globally is pumped storage.These are like super large batteries but natural and use water. About Pumped Storage Hydropower (PSH) : Pumped Storage Hydropower (PSH) is a type of hydroelectric energy storage that plays a crucial role in balancing electricity supply and demand. How It Works PSH involves two water reservoirs at different elevations: Upper Reservoir: Positioned at a higher elevation. Lower Reservoir: Positioned at a lower elevation. During periods of low electricity demand, excess energy from the grid is used to pump water from the lower reservoir to the upper reservoir. This process stores energy in the form of gravitational potential energy. When electricity demand is high, the stored water is released back into the lower reservoir through turbines, generating electricity in the process. Types of PSH Open-Loop PSH: This system has a continuous connection to a natural water source, such as a river. Closed-Loop PSH: This system operates independently of natural water bodies, using only the two reservoirs. Advantages Energy Storage: PSH acts like a giant battery, storing energy for later use. Grid Stability: It helps balance supply and demand, ensuring a stable electricity grid. Renewable Integration: PSH supports the integration of intermittent renewable energy sources like wind and solar by storing excess energy. India’s experience India has 3.3 GW of pumped storage. Main ones are Nagarjunasagar, Kadana, Kadamparai, Panchet and Bhira. Some four are under construction and two in advanced levels of planning. How the Kadamparai Plant Operates : In Tamil Nadu, wind and solar power can generate half of the state’s electricity at noon, particularly in July. On a typical summer day, solar plants generate around 5,000 MW at noon, but this drops to zero by sunset. Wind power varies seasonally, with its peak from May to September. Tamil Nadu has peaks of around 17,000 MW to 20,000 MW on a daily basis. This year in July, maximum wind power generated reached 5,499 MW and maximum solar reached 5,512 MW. Wind and solar have Must Run Status in the State which means whatever they produce must be taken. The Kadamparai plant in Tamil Nadu helps balance the grid. It features an upper and lower reservoir, with a height difference of around 380 meters. The plant’s turbine generator can produce electricity when water flows from the upper to the lower reservoir and can also function as a pump, consuming electricity to move water back up. Power managers in Tamil Nadu plan daily operations based on expected demand and weather forecasts. Excess solar power during the day is used to pump water to the upper reservoir at Kadamparai. When solar power generation ceases in the evening, the Kadamparai plant switches to generating mode, providing 400 MW of power for three to four hours to support evening peak loads. The upper reservoir holds around 1 TMC feet of water, with minimal leakage, often replenished by rainfall. During peak solar generation, hydro power (approximately 1,000 MW) is conserved for peak demand times or emergencies. Hydro power can be quickly activated if there’s a sudden drop in other power sources. Source: Hindu WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROGRAM (WEP) Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: Recently, the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) unveiled the Women Entrepreneurship Program to empower women entrepreneurs and spurring economic growth. Background: WEP aims to create a supportive ecosystem for women entrepreneurs, enabling them to thrive and contribute significantly to India’s economic growth. About Women Entrepreneurship Program The program is designed to address the distinct challenges that women face when starting and growing businesses. It aims to empower approximately 25 lakh women across India by providing them with essential skills, knowledge, and resources. The initiative is in partnership with Britannia Industries Limited, reflecting a commitment to fostering an inclusive environment for women entrepreneurs. Divided into two phases, NSDC, with support from the National Institute for Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development (NIESBUD), will offer free online self-learning entrepreneurship courses through the Skill India Digital Hub (SIDH). These courses, available in multiple languages, will cover crucial topics such as entrepreneurial skills, enterprise setup, finance basics, digital skills, and market analysis. In the next phase, NSDC extends robust incubation support to 10,000 shortlisted contestants across 100 business models. Additionally, participants’ products and services will be highlighted on SIDH’s e-commerce platform, UdhyamKart and Britannia’s digital ecosystem for women entrepreneurship. NSDC will conduct periodic impact assessments to evaluate the success and sustainability of the supported businesses, ensuring the program’s long-term effectiveness. About National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC): Establishment: The National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) was established on July 31, 2008, as a not-for-profit public limited company under section 25 of the Companies Act, 1956. Unique Model: NSDC operates as a unique Public Private Partnership (PPP) model under the Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship (MSDE) Source: PIB INDO-PACIFIC ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK (IPEF) Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: India has been elected as the Vice-Chair of the Supply Chain Council under the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF). Background: Alongside the USA, which serves as the Chair, India will play a crucial role in enhancing supply chain resilience across the Indo-Pacific region. About Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF) The Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF) is a strategic blueprint aimed at promoting economic integration, connectivity, and cooperation among countries in the Indo-Pacific region. It envisions a comprehensive and inclusive approach to harness the region’s economic potential while fostering stability, development, and shared prosperity. It was launched by U.S. President Joe Biden on May 23, 2022. The IPEF has four pillars: Trade: Enhancing trade relations and facilitating economic exchanges. Supply Chains: Strengthening supply chain resilience and coordination. Clean Economy: Promoting sustainable and environmentally friendly practices. Fair Economy: Fostering fairness, competitiveness, and inclusiveness among member economies. Source: News On Air Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) With reference to the Women Entrepreneurship Program (WEP), consider the following statements: It aims to empower approximately 25 lakh women across India by providing them with essential skills, knowledge, and resources. WEP is designed to address the unique challenges faced by women when starting and growing businesses. WEP offers financial grants to women entrepreneurs. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 3 only 1,2 and 3 Q2.) With reference to the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF), consider the following statements: The Indo-Pacific Economic Framework is a multilateral initiative aimed at enhancing economic cooperation and connectivity in the Indo-Pacific region. It was launched by India during the G20 summit. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q3.) Consider the following statements about cloudbursts All instances of very heavy rainfall are considered cloudbursts. Cloudbursts frequently occur in mountainous regions Which of the statements given above is/are not correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ 3rd August 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 2nd August – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – d Q.3) – b

Aug 3, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 3rd August 2024

Aug 2, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 2nd August 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) PRIVILEGE MOTION Syllabus Prelims & Mains – POLITY Context: Congress moved a Privilege Motion against Prime Minister for posting on social media a portion of remarks which were expunged from the proceedings of the House by the Chair. Background:- The notice for the motion was moved by Charanjit Singh Channi under rule 222 which gives a member the power, with the consent of the Speaker, to raise a question involving a breach of privilege either of a member or of the House or of a Committee. What are Parliamentary Privileges? Parliamentary privileges are special rights, immunities, and exemptions enjoyed by the members of Parliament. The aim of this is to ensure legislators and house can perform duties effectively . Parliamentary privileges in India are divided into collective and individual privileges. Collective privileges The Indian Parliament can decide if its reports, debates, and proceedings should be published or not. The Parliament has the right to exclude outsiders from its proceedings. It can conduct secret sessions if needed. The Parliament can make rules for regulating its procedures, business conduct, and work adjudication. It can suspend or expel members for violating privileges. The Parliament can reprimand, admonish, or even imprison individuals who breach privileges. The Parliament is informed about the arrest, detention, conviction, imprisonment, and release of its members. The Parliament can initiate inquiries and call witnesses. The proceedings of the Parliament and its committees cannot be questioned in court. No arrests or legal processes can occur within the House precincts without the presiding officer’s permission. Individual Privileges Members of Parliament cannot be arrested during sessions, 40 days before and after sessions. This privilege is only available for civil cases and not in criminal and preventive detention cases. They have the freedom of speech in the houses and are immune from court proceedings for their speech in Parliament. They are exempt from jury service and can refuse to give evidence or appear as witnesses during sessions. What is a Privilege Motion? A privilege motion is moved by a member when they believe that a minister or another member has breached these privileges. The motion aims to censure the concerned member or minister for their actions. Conditions for Raising a Privilege Motion To raise a privilege motion, two conditions must be met: Specific Matter of Recent Occurrence: The issue must be a specific incident that has occurred recently. Need for Intervention: The matter should require the intervention of the House. Process of a Privilege Motion Raising the Motion: A member submits the motion to the Speaker (Lok Sabha) or Chairman (Rajya Sabha). Initial Examination: The Speaker/Chairman examines the motion and decides whether to admit or reject it.The Speaker/RS chairperson is the first level of scrutiny of a privilege motion. The Speaker/Chair can decide on the privilege motion himself or herself or refer it to the privileges committee of Parliament. Committee of Privileges: If the motion is referred to the Committee of Privileges, it investigates the matter. Committee Report: The committee examines the case, calls relevant persons, reviews documents, and submits a report with recommendations. House Consideration: The House considers the committee’s report and decides on the action to be taken. Common Causes for Privilege Motions Misconduct by Members: Actions by MPs that are deemed dishonorable or contrary to the dignity of the House. Publication of Expunged Remarks: Publishing remarks that have been ordered to be expunged from the official records. Obstructing Members in the Discharge of their Duties: Any action that hinders MPs from performing their parliamentary duties. Disrespectful Conduct: Actions by any individual or authority that show disrespect to the House or its members. Source: Indian Express STURGEONS Syllabus Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: According to a new report, poaching and trafficking are endangering the survival of four sturgeon species in one of their last strongholds—the lower Danube River in southeastern Europe. These species are among the most endangered fish globally. Background: Sturgeons are iconic fish of ancient origin, present already in the time of dinosaurs. They award a cultural, economic and natural value to many rivers of the Northern hemisphere and have become symbols for healthy and free flowing river systems. About Sturgeons Ancient Origins: Sturgeons have been around for millions of years, with fossils dating back to the Late Cretaceous period. Primitive Fish: They are considered “primitive” because they have retained many characteristics from their early ancestors. Physical Characteristics Distinctive Features: Sturgeons are long-lived, late-maturing fishes with distinctive characteristics, such as a heterocercal caudal fin similar to those of sharks, and an elongated, spindle-like body that is smooth-skinned, scaleless, and armored with lateral rows of bony plates called scutes. Size: Several species can grow quite large, typically ranging from 2 to 3.5 meters in length. Habitat and Behavior Habitat: Sturgeons are found in subtropical, temperate, and sub-Arctic rivers, lakes, and coastlines of Eurasia and North America. Migratory Patterns: Many sturgeon species are anadromous, meaning they migrate upstream to spawn but spend most of their lives in river deltas and estuaries. Additional Information Sturgeons are heavily exploited globally for their roe/eggs (caviar) and meat. This has led to a steep decline in populations worldwide. Due to overfishing for their roe (caviar) and habitat destruction, most sturgeon species are critically endangered Since 1998, international trade in all species of sturgeons has been regulated under CITES owing to concerns over the impact of unsustainable harvesting of and illegal trade in sturgeon populations in the wild. Source: Down To Earth INDO-PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP FOR MARITIME DOMAIN AWARENESS Syllabus Prelims & Mains – INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Context: The Quad countries recently announced that the Indo-Pacific Partnership for Maritime Domain Awareness (IPMDA) will be extended to the Indian Ocean, utilizing the Indian Navy’s Information Fusion Centre in Gurugram. Background: IPMDA is a technology and training initiative to enhance maritime domain awareness in the Indo-Pacific region and to bring increased transparency to its critical waterways. About Indo-Pacific Partnership for Maritime Domain Awareness (IPMDA) TheIndo-Pacific Partnership for Maritime Domain Awareness (IPMDA) is an initiative launched by the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) countries—Australia, India, Japan, and the United States—in May 2022. The primary goal of the IPMDA is to enhance maritime security and domain awareness across the Indo-Pacific region by leveraging emerging technologies and providing training support to regional partners. Key Objectives and Features Maritime Security and Awareness: The IPMDA aims to providenear-real-time, integrated, and cost-effective maritime domain awareness to its partners1. This includes monitoring regional maritime spaces and securing open sea lines of communication (SLOCs). It focuses on combating various challenges such as natural disasters, human and weapons trafficking, illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, and dark shipping (vessels operating with their AIS transponders turned off). Technological Integration: The initiative employs commercial satellite-based tracking services to enhance vessel identification and counter dark shipping.This technology aims to provide a faster, wider, and sharper maritime picture of regional partners’ exclusive economic zones. Capacity Building: The IPMDA provides capacity-building measures for regional partners, helping them improve their maritime situational awareness and protect their waters and resources. Inclusivity and Regional Cooperation: While the initiative implicitly aims to curb Chinese belligerence in the region, especially in the South China Sea, it emphasizes inclusivity.The Quad countries aim to reassure other regional states that the IPMDA is not solely focused on deterring China but is meant to be a collaborative effort to enhance overall maritime security Challenges Perception Issues: Some regional states are concerned that the initiative is primarily anti-China, which could hinder broader participation. Implementation Hurdles: Effective implementation requires overcoming data management and information-sharing obstacles, as well as ensuring that smaller allies in the Indo-Pacific are not strained by the initiative. Source: Hindustan times NATIONAL APPRENTICESHIP TRAINING SCHEME (NATS) Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: Recently, the Union Education Minister launched the National Apprenticeship Training Scheme (NATS) 2.0 Portal and disbursed Rs 100 crore stipends to apprentices through the Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) mode. Background: NATS 2.0 Portal facilitates registration and application for apprenticeships. It allows industries to manage vacancies and contracts, providing essential employability skills and a guaranteed monthly stipend to young graduates and diploma holders. About National Apprenticeship Training Scheme (NATS) : The National Apprenticeship Training Scheme (NATS) is a flagship program of the Government of India aimed at skilling Indian youth in trade disciplines. Key points about NATS: Objective: NATS encourages skill development among young people by providing practical, hands-on On-the-Job Training (OJT) opportunities. It bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical skills. Eligibility: It offers training to graduate, diploma students, and vocational certificate holders. The duration of apprenticeships ranges from 6 months to 1 year. Stipend: During the apprenticeship period, apprentices receive a stipend. Fifty percent of this stipend is reimbursable to the employer by the Government of India. Certificate of Proficiency: At the end of the training, apprentices receive a Certificate of Proficiency issued by the Government of India. This certificate can be registered at all employment exchanges across India as valid employment experience. Source: India Today GOBI DESERT Syllabus Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: China is set to build the world’s first nuclear power plant using molten thorium salt in the Gobi Desert, aiming for operation by 2025. Background: Thorium-based nuclear power station utilizes thorium instead of uranium as fuel. Currently, the only operational thorium reactor is located in the Gobi Desert (120km northwest of Wuwei, Gansu province). About Gobi Desert The Gobi Desert is a large, cold desert and grassland region in northern China and southern Mongolia. It is the sixth largest desert in the world. Its boundaries extend from the foothills of the Pamirs in the west to the Greater Khingan Mountains in the east, the Altai and Hangayn mountain ranges in the north and the Pei Mountains in the south. Formation: The Gobi is a rain shadow desert formed by the Himalayas, which prevent rain-carrying clouds from reaching the region. Terrain: Unlike typical sandy deserts, much of the Gobi resembles exposed bare rock. Sand dunes, grasslands, and rocky outcrops characterize its landscape. Biodiversity : Despite its extreme conditions, the Gobi Desert hosts a variety of life forms adapted to desert survival. Notable wildlife includes the Bactrian camel, Gobi bear (one of the rarest bears globally), snow leopards, and various bird species. While vegetation is sparse, hardy plants manage to thrive in these challenging surroundings Source: South China Morning Post PROTECTION OF CHILDREN FROM SEXUAL OFFENCES (POCSO) ACT Syllabus Mains – GS 2 Context: The Karnataka High Court has quashed proceedings under the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act (POCSO) Act against a 23-year-old accused after he married the alleged victim in the case, with the caveat that the proceedings can be revived if he abandons the victim and their child. Background: The incident occurred on February 2, 2023, when the accused took the school-going girl to an isolated location and allegedly sexually assaulted her.The girl subsequently gave birth to their child. Both parties’ — accused and victim — through their legal representatives submitted that they were in love, but faced parental opposition. About Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act It aims to address offences of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse of children, which were either not specifically defined or adequately penalised. It was enacted as a consequence of India’s ratification of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1992. Key features of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act: It is a gender-neutral legislation as it defines a child as “any person” under the age of 18. It considers non-reporting a crime so any person in charge of an institution (excluding children) who fails to report the commission of a sexual offense involving a subordinate, faces punishment. It does not specify any time limit for reporting abuse so a victim may report an offence at any time, even years after the abuse has occurred. It keeps the victim’s identity confidential as the Act forbids the disclosure of the victim’s identity in any form of media unless authorized by the special courts established by the Act. Key Provisions of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act: It defines a child as any person below the age of 18 years. The Act provides punishment as per the gravity of the offence. It mandates that investigation in the cases is to be completed in two months (from the date of registration of FIR) and trial in six months. It states a sexual assault is to be considered aggravated if – the abused child is mentally ill or, when the abuse is committed by a member of the armed forces or security forces, a public servant, or a person in a position of trust or authority of the child, like a family member, police officer, teacher, or doctor or a person-management or staff of a hospital, whether Government or private. It prescribes rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than ten years but which may extend to imprisonment for life and also a fine as punishment for aggravated penetrative sexual assault. It makes provisions for avoiding the re-victimization of the child at the hands of the judicial system. It makes it mandatory to report such cases as it makes it the legal duty of a person aware of the offence to report the sexual abuse. In case he fails to do so, the person can be punished with six months’ imprisonment or a fine. It prescribes punishment to the people who traffic children for sexual purposes. It provides for punishment against false complaints or untrue information. It was amended in 2019 to increase the minimum punishment from seven years to ten years. It further adds that if a person commits penetrative sexual assault on a child below the age of 16 years, he will be punished with imprisonment between 20 years to life, with a fine. Source: Economic Times Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Consider the following statements about parliamentary privileges: Parliamentary privileges are special rights, immunities, and exemptions enjoyed by the members of Parliament. Speaker/chairman has no role in admitting a privilege motion as it is directly dealt by privileges committee. Which of the statements given above is/are not correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q2.) With reference to the National Apprenticeship Training Scheme (NATS), consider the following statements: NATS aims to skill Indian youth in various trade disciplines through practical, hands-on On-the-Job Training (OJT). It caters to graduate, diploma students, and vocational certificate holders. During this period, apprentices receive a stipend, with 50% reimbursable to the employer by the Government of India. Upon completion, apprentices receive a Certificate of Proficiency issued by the Government of India. How many of the statements given above are correct? Only one Only two Only three All four Q3.) With reference to the Gobi Desert, consider the following statements: The Gobi Desert is a hot desert and grassland region in northern China and southern Mongolia. The Gobi is a rain shadow desert formed by the Himalayas, which prevent rain-carrying clouds from reaching the region. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ 2nd August 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 1st August – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – c Q.2) – d Q.3) – c

Aug 2, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 2nd August 2024

Aug 1, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 1st August 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) NO BUYERS FOR J&K’S LITHIUM Syllabus Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: The Ministry of Mines was forced to scrap the auction for the lithium block in Jammu and Kashmir’s (J&K’s) Reasi district for the second time, following weak investor response. Background:- This comes nearly 18 months after former Mines Secretary revealed the discovery of an inferred lithium ore deposit of 5.9 million tonnes in Reasi, last February. Key takeaways The first auction was annulled on March 13 because fewer than the required minimum of three bidders cleared the first round. The very next day, the Mines Ministry put the block for auction again. The second attempt was also annulled last week, after failing to clear the first round despite the minimum bidder requirement being waved off this time around, as per auction rules. The second attempt saw no qualified bidders at all. Challenges in extracting and processing lithium from hard rock pegmatite deposits, such as those in Reasi, coupled with underdeveloped mineral reporting standards used in the tender documents, significantly deterred investors. Some other reasons cited for lack of investors are: Bid document had limited information of the block block in auction is too small to apply modern mineral systems-based tools. No beneficiation study conducted to assess feasibility of extracting and processing lithium from the resources identified. According to experts, India’s current resource classification rules largely based on the United Nations Framework Classification for Resources (UNFC) do not provide sufficient information to determine the economic viability of mining a mineral block. Clarity on the economic viability of mining lithium is crucial due to the high costs of the extraction process. With global lithium prices having fallen significantly in recent months, miners are increasingly focused on maintaining their margins. Most mining companies, stock exchanges, and regulatory bodies worldwide follow the Committee for Mineral Reserves International Reporting Standards (CRIRSCO) template. Unlike the UNFC system, the CRIRSCO template requires the reporting of economically viable reserves with high geological confidence confirmed through studies to at least a pre-feasibility level. Experts say that to attract private investment, India should adopt CRIRSCO-aligned internationally-compliant mineral reporting standards. Source: Indian Express NATURAL FARMING Syllabus Prelims & Mains – AGRICULTURE Context: In her Budget proposals for 2024-25, Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced that over the next two years, one crore farmers nationwide will be introduced to natural farming, supported by certification and branding initiatives. Background: Among states,Andhra Pradesh is a front runner in adopting natural farming but studies have raised concerns about the sustainability and yield (productivity) potential of this farming method. National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF) Government through the mission intends to motivate farmers to adopt chemical-free farming. The natural farming scheme under the ‘Bharatiya Prakritik Krishi Paddhati’ has a total outlay of ₹4,645.69 crore for six years (2019-20 to 2024-25). Government believes that the success requires a behavioural shift from chemical-based to cow-based, locally-produced inputs. What are the features and benefits of Natural Farming? No chemical fertilizers and pesticides used. Promotes traditional indigenous practices. Emphasizes on-farm biomass recycling, biomass mulching, cow dung-urine formulations, botanical pest control, and exclusion of synthetic chemicals. Improves natural nutrient cycling and soil organic matter. It is a a diversified farming system integrating crops, trees, and livestock allowing the optimum use of functional biodiversity. Potential benefits: increased farmer income, restored soil fertility, improved environmental health, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Challenges and Concerns: Large-scale transition is a matter of concern due to India’s large population and food security needs. Divergent results from studies on Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF): CESS Study (Andhra Pradesh): Lower costs of biological inputs, improved yields and incomes for farmers. ICAR-IIFSR Study: Significant decline in wheat (59%) and basmati rice (32%) yields, raising concerns about sustainability and productivity. Lessons from Sri Lanka: Complete shift to organic farming led to economic and political turmoil in Srilanka. Ban on chemical fertilizers resulted in fertilizer shortages, reduced crop yields, food security risks, price escalations, and protests. Way Forward: Extensive studies and scientific assessments needed before large-scale adoption. Natural farming could be beneficial locally but may not be viable nationwide due to food security concerns. Noted economist M.S. Sidhu recommends rigorous scientific tests, especially on crop yields, before nationwide implementation. Suggests using natural farming for supplementary foodstuffs rather than staple cereals like wheat and rice. Source: Hindu HUMAYUNS TOMB Syllabus Prelims & Mains – ART & CULTURE Context: Union Minister of Culture and Tourism recently inaugurated the sprawling 100,000 square feet state of the art – Humayun’s Tomb World Heritage Site Museum at the Humayun’s Tomb, a UNESCO World Heritage site in New Delhi. Background: Inspired from the ancient ‘Baolis’ or stepped wells of Delhi, this underground museum is designed to retain the visual integrity of the monuments located in the complex, as per the UNESCO recommendation that site museums be provided at World Heritage Sites to provide the cultural context of the heritage edifice. About Humayuns tomb Humayun’s tomb is the tomb ofMughal emperor, Mirza Nasir al-Din Muhammad commonly known as Humayun situated in Delhi, India. Commissioned by: The tomb was commissioned by Humayun’s first wife and chief consort, Empress Bega Begum, in 1558. Architects: It was designed by Persian architects Mirak Mirza Ghiyas and his son, Sayyid Muhammad. Architecture: Humayun’s Tomb is notable for being the first garden-tomb on the Indian subcontinent and the first structure to use red sandstone at such a scale.It features high arches and double domes, showing considerable Persian influence. UNESCO World Heritage Site: The tomb was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993. Location: It is situated in Nizamuddin East, Delhi, near the Dina-panah Citadel, also known as Purana Qila. Significance The complex encompasses the main tomb of the Emperor Humayun, which houses the graves of EmpressBega Begum and also Dara Shikoh, great-great-grandson of Humayun and son of the later Emperor Shah Jahan, as well as numerous other subsequent Mughals. It represented a significant advancement in Mughal architecture. Along with its expertly designed Charbagh garden, which was characteristic of Persian gardens but unprecedented in India, it set a new standard for subsequent Mughal architecture. The site was chosen on the banks of the Yamuna River due to its proximity to Nizamuddin Dargah, the mausoleum of the celebrated Sufi saint Nizamuddin Auliya, who was revered by the rulers of Delhi. His residence, Chilla Nizamuddin Auliya, is located just northeast of the tomb. Source: PIB HOOLLONGAPAR GIBBON WILDLIFE SANCTUARY Syllabus Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: The Union environment ministry’s approval for exploratory oil and gas drilling in parts of Assam could further endanger the hoolock gibbon. Cairn India, part of Vedanta Ltd, seeks to use around 5 hectares of reserved forest land for drilling within the eco-sensitive zone of the Hoollongapar Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary, according to official documents. Background: While the area may seem small, experts cite that the gibbon is a canopy dweller, and that any break, however small, in the existing canopy in its habitat could be a risk. About Hollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary : TheHollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary, formerly known as the Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary is an isolated protected area of evergreen forest located in Assam, The sanctuary was officially constituted and renamed in 1997. Set aside initially in 1881, its forests used to extend to the foothills of thePatkai mountain range. Since then, the forest has been fragmented and surrounded bytea gardens and small villages. In the early 1900s, artificial regeneration was used to a develop well-stocked forest, resulting in the site’s rich The Hollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary contains India’s only ape and gibbon specie – thehoolock gibbons and Northeastern India’s only nocturnal primate – the Bengal slow loris. The habitat is threatened byillegal logging, encroachment of human settlements, and habitat fragmentation. Source: Hindustan Times IDEAS4LIFE INITIATIVE Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: Recently, the Union Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change Bhupender Yadav launched Ideas4LiFE at IIT Delhi. Background: The portal ‘Ideas4Life.nic.in’ will allow participants to submit their ideas and innovations online. About Ideas4LiFE initiative The Ideas4LiFE initiative aims to collect innovative ideas that encourage environmentally friendly behaviours. The Ideas4LiFE Ideathon covers seven themes of Mission LiFE- Save Water, Save Energy, Reduce Waste, Reduce E-Waste, Say No to Single-Use Plastics, Adopt Sustainable Food Systems, and Adopt Healthy Lifestyles. Winning ideas under each of the seven themes of Mission LiFE will be recognized and awarded with attractive prizes for individuals as well as for institutions. Purpose of Ideas4LiFE: Inspiration for Sustainability: Ideas4LiFE is set up to gather creative ideas and innovations online, inspiring people to live more sustainably. Resource Wisdom: It aligns with Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision of using resources wisely. Inclusive Participation: Students, researchers, teachers, and innovators are invited to share their ideas, fostering a culture of innovation focused on protecting the environment. Global Movement: Mission LiFE: Ideas4LiFE is part of a larger global movement called Mission LiFE, which promotes environmental sustainability. Participants worldwide are encouraged to think creatively and contribute to this vital effort. Source: PIB ACT EAST POLICY (AEP) Syllabus Prelims & Mains – INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Context: 2024 is the tenth anniversary year of the Act East Policy (AEP). Background: The AEP, which replaced the Look East Policy (LEP) in 2014, has laid the foundations for India’s engagements with the East. About Act East policy India’s Act East policy is a diplomatic initiative aimed at promoting economic, strategic, and cultural relations with the vast Asia-Pacific region. It serves as a modern version of the Look East Policy, which was launched in 1991 by then Prime Minister V. Narasimha Rao. While the Look East Policy primarily focused on economic integration with Southeast Asian countries, the Act East Policy expands its scope to include both economic and security integration. The Act East Policy was announced in November 2014 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Objectives: Economic Cooperation: The policy aims to enhance economic cooperation with countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Cultural Ties: It seeks to strengthen cultural ties and foster people-to-people connections. Strategic Relationships: The Act East Policy aims to develop strategic relationships with neighbouring countries, including those in Southeast Asia and East Asia. Connectivity: Enhanced connectivity is a key focus, especially for the North Eastern Region of India, including Arunachal Pradesh. Countering China: By cultivating extensive economic and strategic ties with Southeast Asian nations, India aims to bolster its regional standing and act as a counterweight to China’s influence in the region. Interface with ASEAN: The Act East Policy provides an interface between North-Eastern India (including Arunachal Pradesh) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region. This interface facilitates economic, cultural, and strategic cooperation. Source: India Mission to ASEAN Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Consider the following statements Humans tomb The tomb was commissioned by Humayun’s wife Empress Bega Begum. Humayun’s Tomb is notable for being the first garden-tomb on the Indian subcontinent Which of the statements given above are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q2.) With reference to the Act East Policy (AEP), consider the following statements: The Act East Policy is a diplomatic initiative aimed at promoting economic, strategic, and cultural relations with the vast Asia-Pacific region. It serves as a modern version of the Look East Policy. By cultivating extensive economic and strategic ties with Southeast Asian nations, India aims to bolster its regional standing and act as a counterweight to China’s influence in the region. How many of the statements given above are not correct? Only one Only two All three None Q3.) With reference to the Ideas4LiFE initiative, consider the following statements: The Ideas4LiFE initiative to collect innovative ideas that encourage environmentally friendly behaviours. Ideas4LiFE is part of a larger global movement called Mission LiFE, which promotes environmental sustainability. Which of the statements given above are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ 1st August 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 31st July – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – c Q.2) – c Q.3) – d

Aug 1, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 1st August 2024

Jul 31, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 31st July 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) LOK ADALAT Syllabus Prelims & Mains – POLITY Context: A special five-day Lok Adalat is being held to mark 75 years of the Supreme Court. Background:- As part of the adalat, nearly 6,700 cases will be heard and disposed quickly. About Lok Adalat Lok Adalat is one of the alternative dispute redressal mechanisms. It is a forum where disputes/cases pending in the court of law or at pre-litigation stage are settled/ compromised amicably. Lok Adalats have been given statutory status under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987. Under the said Act, the award (decision) made by the Lok Adalats is deemed to be a decree of a civil court and is final and binding on all parties and no appeal against such an award lies before any court of law. If the parties are not satisfied with the award of the Lok Adalat though there is no provision for an appeal against such an award, but they are free to initiate litigation by approaching the court of appropriate jurisdiction by filing a case by following the required procedure, in exercise of their right to litigate. There is no court fee payable when a matter is filed in a Lok Adalat. If a matter pending in the court of law is referred to the Lok Adalat and is settled subsequently, the court fee originally paid in the court on the complaints/petition is also refunded back to the parties. The persons deciding the cases in the Lok Adalats are called the Members of the Lok Adalats, they have the role of statutory conciliators only and do not have any judicial role; therefore they can only persuade the parties to come to a conclusion for settling the dispute outside the court in the Lok Adalat and shall not pressurize or coerce any of the parties to compromise or settle cases or matters either directly or indirectly. Disputes before Lok Adalat would be decided on the basis of the compromise or settlement between the parties. The members shall assist the parties in an independent and impartial manner in their attempt to reach amicable settlement of their dispute. National Lok Adalat National Level Lok Adalats are held for at regular intervals where on a single day Lok Adalats are held throughout the country, in all the courts right from the Supreme Court till the Taluk Levels wherein cases are disposed off in huge numbers. Permanent Lok Adalat The other type of Lok Adalat is the Permanent Lok Adalat, organized under Section 22-B of The Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987. Permanent Lok Adalats have been set up as permanent bodies for providing compulsory pre-litigative mechanism for conciliation and settlement of cases relating to Public Utility Services like transport, postal, telegraph etc. Here, even if the parties fail to reach to a settlement, the Permanent Lok Adalat gets jurisdiction to decide the dispute, provided, the dispute does not relate to any offence. Source: Indian Express QUAD Syllabus Prelims & Mains – INTERNATIONAL Context: Recently, Quad grouping expressed its deepest concern over the war raging in Ukraine, and flagged respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity — a clear reference to Russian invasion of Ukraine. Background: During his visit to Russia on July 8-9, Prime minister Modi had publicly stated that solutions cannot be found on the battlefield. He also expressed concern over the killing of children in a Russian attack on a hospital in Kyiv. Key Takeaways: The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD) is an informal strategic forum comprising four countries: the United States, India, Australia, and Japan. QUAD serves as a platform for these nations to engage in discussions on regional security, defense cooperation, and shared interests in the Indo-Pacific region. Formation and Evolution: The QUAD was first conceptualized in 2007, with its initial meeting held on the sidelines of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) summit. The group has evolved over the years, with its activities waxing and waning based on the geopolitical climate. Unlike NATO, the Quad does not include provisions for collective defence. Objectives: Security Cooperation: The QUAD focuses on enhancing maritime security, countering terrorism, and ensuring a free and open Indo-Pacific region. Economic Collaboration: The member countries work together on economic initiatives, including supply chain resilience and technological innovation. Health and Climate: The QUAD has also formed working groups to address global health challenges, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and climate change. Recent Developments: In recent years, the QUAD has intensified its activities, particularly in response to China’s growing assertiveness in the region. The group has conducted joint naval exercises and expanded its agenda to include cybersecurity and disinformation countermeasures. Significance: The QUAD is seen as a counterbalance to China’s influence in the Indo-Pacific region. It promotes democratic values and aims to ensure a rules-based international order. Source: Indian Express REPORT ON CURRENCY AND FINANCE (RCF) FOR 2023-24 Syllabus Prelims & Mains – ECONOMY Context: Report on Currency and Finance (RCF) for 2023-24 was recently released by the reserve bank. Background: Report mentions the challenges and opportunities coming along with digitisation. Key takeaways from the report Digitalisation and Consumer Risks: Impulsivity and Security Concerns – Digitalisation improves accessibility and convenience of financial services. Digitalisation exposes consumers to impulsive spending, herd behaviour, and data security. In India, the average cost of data breaches was $2.18 million in 2023, a 28% increase since 2020, though less than the global average. Common attacks in India: phishing (22%) and stolen/compromised credentials (16%). Impact on Monetary Policy and Financial Stability: Behavioural Changes and Policy Implications – Digitalisation-induced changes in consumer and financial intermediary behaviour can affect monetary policy. Digitalisation creates a more complex and interconnected financial system with implications for financial stability. Digitalisation impacts inflation, output dynamics, and monetary policy transmission variably over time. Central banks need to incorporate digitalisation aspects into models for effective monetary policy and financial stability goals. RBI’s Proactive Measures: Harnessing Benefits and Mitigating Risks – The RBI is undertaking policy measures to harness digitalisation benefits while mitigating emerging risks. Digitalisation offers immense opportunities for India to transition from an emerging market economy to an advanced economy. Boost to External Trade: Enhancing Trade and Remittances – Digitalisation can boost India’s external trade in goods and services, leveraging its comparative advantage in modern services exports. Digitalisation in international payment systems can reduce the cost of receiving remittances, leading to higher income or savings for recipients. Role of Digital Trade Policies: Cross-border Digital Trade- Cross-border digital trade policies are crucial for harnessing new opportunities, building trust, and coordinating regulatory aspects like data security and cybersecurity. The internationalisation of the rupee is progressing, backed by a comprehensive and integrated policy approach. Source: Indian Express PRADHAN MANTRI GRAMIN DIGITAL SAKSHARTA ABHIYAN (PMGDISHA) Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: The Minister of State for Electronics and Information Technology recently responded to a question regarding the Pradhan Mantri Gramin Digital Saksharta Abhiyan (PMGDISHA) in the Rajya Sabha. Background: Under the scheme, around 7.35 crore candidates were enrolled and 6.39 crore were trained, out of which 4.78 crore candidates were certified as per the reply. Scheme was to bridge the digital divide, specifically targeting the rural population including the marginalized sections of society like Scheduled Castes (SC) / Scheduled Tribes (ST), Below Poverty Line (BPL), women, differently-abled persons, and minorities. About Pradhan Mantri Gramin Digital Saksharta Abhiyan (PMGDISHA) : Pradhan Mantri Gramin Digital Saksharta Abhiyaan (PMGDISHA) is a Digital Literacy Scheme by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). The main features of the PMGDISHA scheme: The scheme was implemented only in rural areas i.e. Gram Panchayat/Village to cover 6 crore rural households. Only one person (14 – 60 years of age) per eligible household was considered for training. The beneficiaries were provided with 20 hours of training consisting of 5 modules namely (i) Introduction to digital devices, (ii) Operating digital devices, (iii) Introduction to the internet, (iv) Communications using the internet, (v) Application of internet (includes citizen centric services) and use of financial tools for undertaking digital cashless transactions. The training content was made available in 22 scheduled languages and English. This content was made available in both online and offline mode. In addition, keeping in view the thrust of the government on promoting cashless transactions through mobile phones, the content on digital wallets, mobile banking, Unified Payments Interface (UPI), Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD), Aadhaar Enabled Payment System (AEPS), and PoS were included. After training of the candidate, a third-party assessment of the trained candidates was carried out by recognized certifying agencies. Digitally Signed Certificates were issued for all successful candidates. Source: PIB DEVELOPMENT AID TO NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES Syllabus Mains – GS 2 Context: A major chunk of the Ministry of External Affairs’ outlay, Rs 4,883 crore, has been earmarked for “aid to countries”, of which countries from the neighbourhood – Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Maldives, Afghanistan, and Myanmar – get the lion’s share. Background: At the beginning of its third term, the NDA government explicitly stated its intention to focus on strengthening ties with neighboring countries. This commitment was underscored by the presence of leaders from the region, including Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and Sri Lanka President Ranil Wickremesinghe, at the inauguration of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s third term. Development Aid to Neighbouring Countries: Bhutan has emerged as the top recipient of Indian government aid to foreign countries. It received the highest aid at Rs 2,068.56 crore, though slightly less than last year’s Rs 2,400 crore. Nepal stands out as a significant beneficiary with an allocation of Rs 700 crore, marking a substantial increase of Rs 150 crore from the previous year’s budget of Rs 550 crore, later revised to Rs 650 crore. Maldives maintained a consistent allocation of Rs 400 crore, despite a higher revised amount of Rs 770.90 crore for the previous year. Despite the anti-India protests as well as remarks from its top leadership late last year, which caused a diplomatic row, India’s investment in the archipelago nation continues to remain consistent. Sri Lanka received Rs 245 crore, an increase from Rs 150 crore last year. Afghanistan receives Rs 200 crore, illustrating India’s role in aiding the country’s stability and development amidst ongoing challenges. Maldives: Maldives got Rs 400 crore despite the anti-India protests and remarks from its top leadership. The Chabahar port project in Iran continues to receive a steady allocation of Rs 100 crore, unchanged for the past three years. African countries collectively received Rs 200 crore, showcasing India’s expanding influence and engagement with the continent. Seychelles receives Rs 40 crore, up from Rs 10 crore. Significance of Development Aid to Neighbouring Countries: It helps to strengthen diplomatic relations by enhancing diplomatic ties and fostering stronger political and economic relationships. It promotes regional stability leading to a more secure and stable region that benefits India’s strategic interests. It supports economic development by funding infrastructure projects, and development programs that can boost economic growth in recipient countries, creating a more prosperous region. The improved infrastructure can lead to increased trade and investment opportunities for India. It improves India’s strategic influence as India can exert influence and build alliances, ensuring that neighbouring countries align more closely with its interests. It helps in addressing humanitarian needs such as health care, education, and disaster relief, improving the quality of life in recipient countries. It strengthens India’s soft power and increases its reputation as a responsible regional leader. Source: Indian Express INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION (ILO) Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: India, a founding member of the International Labour Organization (ILO), is likely to raise a complaint against the UN agency over its India Employment Report 2024. Background: The India Employment Report 2024 sheds light on crucial labour market trends in India. About International Labour Organization (ILO) The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a tripartite U.N. agency established in 1919. It brings together governments, employers, and workers from 187 member States to set labour standards, develop policies, and promote decent work for all. The ILO’s mandate is to advance social and economic justice through international labour standards. History: It was created in 1919, as part of theTreaty of Versailles that ended World War I. Became the first affiliated specialized agency of the United Nations in 1946. Headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. Received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1969 for improving peace among classes. Functions and Achievements: Ensured labour rights during the Great Depression and supported decolonization. Played a role in the creation of Solidarność (trade union) in Poland and the victory over apartheid in South Africa. Currently supports building an ethical framework for fair globalization. Organizational Structure: International Labour Conference: Sets international labour standards and policies. Often called the “International Parliament of Labour.” Governing Body: Executive council of the ILO, meets three times a year in Geneva. Establishes programs and budgets. Source: Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Consider the following statements about Lok Adalat Lok Adalats have been given statutory status under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987. Disputes before Lok Adalat would be decided on the basis of the compromise or settlement between the parties. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q2.) With reference to the International Labour Organization (ILO), consider the following statements: The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations. The ILO’s mission is to advance social and economic justice by setting international labour standards. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q3.) Identify the country which is not part of ‘QUAD’: USA Australia India Canada Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ 31st July 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 30th July – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – c Q.3) – d

Jul 31, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

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