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Apr 29, 2020 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 29th April 2020

IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 29th April 2020 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) 15-billion ADB loan to India to fund COVID-19 emergency Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – International Groupings; Health & GS-III – Economy; Disaster Management In News: The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has provided $15 billion loan to the Government of India to fund its immediate response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic The loan shall be used to deal with health and socio-economic impacts. Key takeaways: The loan is approved by the ADB under its COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support (CARES) Programme. The loan is the bank’s largest loan to India till date. The money will be spent to implement the containment plan and rapidly increase the test-track-treatment capacity. It will also be used to provide social protection to poor people over the next three months. India will also take the ADB's technical support to strengthen its implementation framework and capacities to implement Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana. Important value additions: Asian Development Bank (ADB) It is a regional development bank. It was established on 19 December 1966. Headquarters: Mandaluyong, Philippines. It was established to promote social and economic development in Asia. Motto: ADB is committed to achieving a prosperous, inclusive, resilient and sustainable Asia & the Pacific, while sustaining its efforts to eradicate extreme poverty. The ADB offers hard loans (currency) on commercial terms primarily to middle income countries in Asia and It provides soft loans (loan with a below-market rate of interest) to poorer countries in the region. Both types of loans are sourced from the bank's ordinary capital resources (OCR). Five largest borrowing countries are China, India, Pakistan, Indonesia and Bangladesh. U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom downgrades India's position in 2020 list Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – International Relations In News: The U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) has downgraded India to the lowest ranking. The report was released in Washington recently by the federal government commission that functions as an advisory body. Key takeaways: It has put India amongst "countries of particular concern" (CPC) in its 2020 report. The report placed India alongside countries like China, North Korea, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. India was categorised as a “Tier 2 country” in last year’s report. This is the first time since 2004 that India has been placed in this category. It included specific concerns about the Citizenship Amendment Act, the proposed National Register for Citizens, anti-conversion laws and the situation in Jammu and Kashmir. The commission also recommended that the U.S. government take stringent action against India under the “International Religious Freedom Act” (IRFA). It recommended the administration to impose targeted sanctions on Indian government agencies and officials responsible for severe violations of religious freedom. Important value additions: The United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) It is a U.S. federal government commission created by the International Religious Freedom Act (IRFA) of 1998. Responsibilities: To review the facts and circumstances of violations of religious freedom internationally To make policy recommendations to the President, the Secretary of State, and the Congress. Headquarters: Washington, D.C. Functions: USCIRF researches and monitors international religious freedom issues. It issues an annual report after its evaluation of the facts and circumstances of religious freedom violations worldwide. Supreme Court rules inclusion of deemed universities under Anti-corruption law Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II - Education In News: In a significant ruling, the Supreme Court has held that bribery and corruption in a deemed university can be tried under the Prevention of Corruption Act. Key takeaways: The judgement was given by a three-judge Bench led by Justice N.V. Ramana. As per the judgement, Individuals, authorities or officials connected to a deemed university, irrespective of their role or designation, come under the definition of a ‘public servant’. Deemed universities come within the ambit of the term ‘university’ in Section 2 of the Prevention of Corruption (PC) Act, 1988. A deemed institution, under the University Grants Commission Act of 1956, has the same common public duty like a university to confer academic degrees, which are recognised in the society. Important value additions: Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 It is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted to combat corruption in government agencies and public sector businesses in India. In 2018, Prevention of Corruption (Amendment) Bill was passed under which punish bribe-givers and bribe-takers shall be punished. The Bill provides for jail terms of three to seven years, besides fine, to those convicted of taking or giving bribes to public officials. Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 29th April 2020 Image source: Click here Deemed university Deemed university, or deemed-to-be-university, is an accreditation awarded to higher educational institutions in India, conferring the status of a university. It is granted by the Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development. Institutions that are 'deemed-to-be-university' enjoy the academic status and privileges of a university. Miscellaneous Plasma therapy Plasma therapy uses blood donated by recovered patients to introduce antibodies in those under treatment. The therapy for COVID-19 is still at an experimental stage and the Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR) is currently studying its efficacy. In 2014, convalescent plasma, collected from patients who had recovered from Ebola virus disease, was recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as a treatment during the outbreak. During the H1N1 virus outbreak of 2009 and SARS epidemic of 2003, plasma therapy was used to treat patients. Tripoli Tripoli is the capital city and the largest city of Libya. Violent protests have erupted in the city recently over a spiralling economic crisis despite a coronavirus lockdown. Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 29th April 2020 Image source: Click here (MAINS FOCUS) GOVERNANCE/ ETHICS Topic: General Studies 2 & 4: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Ethics in Public administration Privacy concerns during a pandemic Context: In the midst of public health crisis, the measures taken by Union & State governments in India – lockdown, physical distancing norms - has been supported by public. Nevertheless, there are certain pitfalls which needs to be avoided especially with regard to government’s technology solutions to tackle pandemic Dangers of government actions during Crises times Prone to overreach: Justice Khanna outlined that “when faced with crises, governments — acting for all the right reasons — are invariably prone to overreach” Threat to Civil Liberties: If the government so chooses, fundamental rights can be suspended at will stating that the need to save lives takes precedence over all other interests. Continuance of restrictive measures even after the crises has passed Invasive use of technology that seeks to utilise people’s personal health data. How has technology been invoked during this pandemic? Technology has been invoked at three levels. First, in creating a list of persons suspected to be infected with COVID-19; Second, in deploying geo-fencing and drone imagery to monitor compliance by quarantined individuals Third, through the use of contact-tracing smartphone applications, such as AarogyaSetu Impact of technologies on privacy 1. The use of geo-fencing and drone technologies is unsanctioned Though cell-phone based surveillance is permissible under the Telegraph Act of 1885, until now the orders authorising surveillance have not been published. 2. Indiscriminate usage of modified surveillance drones These are equipped with the ability to conduct thermal imaging, night-time reconnaissance, and integrate facial recognition into existing databases such as Aadhaar. Some of the drones do not appear to possess any visible registration or licensing. 3. Dangers of contact-tracing applications like ArogyaSetu It promises users a deep insight into the movements of a COVID-19 carrier The aim is to ensure that a person who comes into contact with a carrier can quarantine herself. The efficacy of such applications have been questioned by some Lack of Transparency: Details of the application’s technical architecture and its source code have not been made public. Lack of accountability: The programme and its institution is not backed by legislation. Coercive in nature: Like Aadhaar it seems that the application will be used as an object of coercion (through issuance of e-pass) in spite of making its usage voluntary Invades Privacy: AarogyaSetu is framed as a necessary technological invasion into personal privacy, in a bid to achieve a larger social purpose Lack of clarity on how the huge personal data that it will collect will be deployed. Way Ahead A pandemic cannot be a pretext to renounce the Constitution Any action by government that infringes on privacy must meet the requirements of legality, necessity and the doctrine of proportionality (K.S. Puttaswamy Case) Civil Society should pay close attention to rights, not to impede the government’s efforts, but to ensure that they are not permanently reduced. Connecting the dots: Justice B.N.Srikrishna Committee report on Data protection EU Data protection law GOVERNANCE/ ECONOMY/ SOCIETY Topic: General Studies 2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors Indian Economy and challenges with regard to resource mobilization Online Education Context: UGC held a meeting to consider a tentative academic calendar for the current year, and the need to promote online learning How had India progressed with regard to access to education? In the last two decades, there has been a conscious effort on the part of the state to improve access to education at all levels with measures like Right to Education Act OBC reservation in Higher Educational institutions Recent EWS reservation Online Education an integral part of Digital India programme Constraints with Online Learning in India Digital divide in India with poor not having sufficient access to internet 55,000 villages in the country are without mobile network coverage as per Niti Aayog, in its “Strategy for New India@75” report Proper Infrastructure: Personal computers and phones unequal to professional work Lack of Experience: Both teachers and students fall back on the communications grammar of the live classroom which produces confusion online. Lack of Capabilities: Both teachers and students need training in how to operate in the electronic classroom, and how to deal with digital workflows. Increased burden: Parents have to bear the burden of keeping electronic classrooms in order Sociological issues with Online Education A large number of students are not comfortable with spoken or written English. This makes online pedagogical material that much inaccessible The students come with different levels of prior training, which makes it difficult to have a one-size-fits-all approach with online teaching. The bottom pyramid of society who are poorer might not find financial resources to access it and thus endangering their education prospects Way Ahead Increased funding to public education State-backed television and radio, along with community radio in underserved places, can help to bridge this divide temporarily. Digitisation of public schools Leveraging the help of civil society to enhance the access of education, especially in remote places Connecting the dots: Operation Digital Board of GoI Impact of COVID-19 on telecom sector (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Comments Up-voted by IASbaba are also the “correct answers”. Q.1 Headquarter of Asian Development Bank is located at which of the following? Philippines China Indonesia Pakistan Q.2 With regard to recently released report by The United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, consider the following statements: It has placed India amongst countries of particular concern (CPC) in its 2020 report. This is the first time since 2004 that India has been placed in this category. Which of the above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.3 As per the recent judgement by the Supreme Court, consider the following statements? Individuals authorities or officials connected to a deemed university come under the definition of a ‘public servant’. Deemed universities come within the ambit of the term ‘university’ in Section 2 of the Prevention of Corruption (PC) Act, 1988. Which of the above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.4 Tripoli is the capital city of which of the following country? Tunisia Chad Niger Libya ANSWERS FOR 28th April 2020 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 C 2 A 3 C 4 C Must Read About RBI’s relief measures to Mutual Fund Industry: The Hindu ( Read here for background story) About measures to take for welfare of migrant workers: The Hindu About post COVID-19 economic models: The Indian Express

Apr 29, 2020 RSTV Video

India: Global Energy Demand Centre – The Big Picture – RSTV IAS UPSC

India: Global Energy Demand Centre Archives INTERNATIONAL/ECONOMY Topic: General Studies 2: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests. General Studies 3 Energy In News: Measures to curb the spread of the coronavirus have destroyed demand for fuel and driven down oil prices, straining budgets of oil producers and hammering the U.S. shale industry which is more vulnerable to low prices due to its higher costs. The G20 Energy Ministers' are focussing on ways and means to ensure stable energy markets, which are affected due to demand reduction as result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing surplus production related matters. The ‘virtual’ meeting The G20 group of leading world economies had called an extraordinary energy ministers' meeting to discuss OPEC-led plans for a global crude oil production cut accord aimed at shoring up prices that have in the last one month halved. The meeting was held via webinar to "foster global dialogue and cooperation to ensure stable energy markets and enable a stronger global economy. This is the first time the G20 has specifically convened to address energy issues, showing the depth of concern about the oil crash. India will continue to remain a global energy demand centre Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas and Steel Dharmendra Pradhan has called for a win-win formula that would safeguard interests of global energy suppliers and consumers during the G-20 oil ministers’ virtual conference to stabilise oil markets that have been rocked by the COVID-19 pandemic. Strategic Reserves: With cheap oil flooding the market and stretching energy storage capacity, India will continue to fill up its strategic petroleum reserves. India currently holds its strategic oil reserves in Vishakhapatnam, Mangaluru and Padur, storing 5.33 million tonnes of crude, which could last for around nine days. According to an earlier agency report, India will spend about $ 670 million to buy oil at around the $30 a barrel, for its strategic reserves, drawn from Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Deliveries will start around April-May. Ongoing energy market fluctuations: Oil prices should remain affordable so that a “consumption-led demand recovery” could help stabilise the oil markets. The minister also lauded efforts by the OPEC+ countries, which also include Russia and others, as an extension of the cartel, to balance the supply-side factors, which is imperative for long-term sustainability. The conference has decided to establish a task force to advise on the next steps to mitigate the effects of Covid-19 on people’s health and the global economy. Must Read: Oil in Post COVID-19 world Connecting the Dots: Short note: The ongoing energy market fluctuations Explain various factors that causes drop in oil prices.

Apr 29, 2020 60 DAYS PROGRAMME-PRELIMS 2020

IASbaba’s 60 Day Plan [Day - 51]- IAS Prelims Test Series 2020 HISTORY & CURRENT AFFAIRS

ARCHIVES OF 60 DAY PLAN PRELIMS EXCLUSIVE CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASSES (12 SESSIONS-By Tauseef Sir): STARTING ON 16 APRIL JOIN NOW! Dear Students, The 60 Days Training has finally begun:) DAY 51 is here! It is time to Introspect, Ideate and Improve!! We have come-up with articles to instil confidence, motivate you in the present situation. Do read these articles. Mark the words/lines in your dairy. These very lines can be the driving force’ in the time of uncertainty. [STRATEGY] MUST READ: 21 Days of Lockdown-What to do? Introspect, Ideate and Improve !! MUST READ: PRELIMS in Testing Times – Don’t Forget the ‘WHY’; IASbaba’s dedicated HOTLINE for Aspirants and Prelims Postponing Rumours Coronavirus[VIDEO]: Awareness, Myths, Solidarity and Message to All UPSC Aspirants by Mohan Sir Founder IASbaba To ensure that your preparation goes smoothly and keeping up with our promise, we have come up with a Dedicated HOTLINE (Communication channel) - Connect with BABA for all UPSC/IAS Aspirants. From today, you will be able to speak with the Founders and Core Team of IASbaba on telephone regarding ‘any queries’ related to UPSC preparation in general or Subject-specific doubts. This Hotline, will be in addition to the 'ASK YOUR BABA' (#ASKBABA) thread opened on a daily basis for our 60 Day plan. We will try to make sure that with so much going around these days, you have at least one less thing to worry about. How to make use of HOTLINE and ASK YOUR BABA (#ASKBABA)? There are 2 initiatives which will be running parallely. 1. HOTLINE - Connect with BABA (5pm - 7pm) The communication channel will be open ONLY for 2 hours Daily (except on Sundays - holiday) from 5pm to 7 pm. Please do not make calls before or after the specified time. As we will be occupied with other daily initiatives running on the website and mentorship. Hope you understand our time constraints. Please note that, call facilities are mainly for queries related to preparation per se like strategies, difficulties in reading a subject, what to read, what not to read, how to manage time, revision, motivation etc. You can call on the numbers given below. For any queries related to - UPSC Preparation (Prelims, Mains, Interview) Strategy & Current Affairs – contact 9986190082 Environment & Science and Technology – contact 9986193016 Polity & Economics – contact 9899291288 Geography & History – contact 9591106864 We have separated General Strategy (Preparation per se – Pre, Mains, Interview) and Current Affairs from other subjects. You can make use of the HOTLINE, as per your needs. 2. ASK YOUR BABA (#ASKBABA) - clear your doubts on the 60 Day Platform (Online from 11 am - 10 pm) Use the disqus comment section of that particular day (60 Day post - For Ex: Today is Day 25) to clear all your subject specific doubts of the day. You can post your queries/doubts with #ASKBABA !! Here, doubts related to the 60 day questions or conceptual clarity in a particular subject can be asked. Your doubts will be cleared on real-time basis (or max within hour it will be answered from the subject experts) If you are genuinely finding difficulty interms of preparing with that particular subject, then you can use 5pm-7pm window to make calls. If you are not able to speak to IASbaba's Team, then you can still post your doubts/queries in the same post of the 60 day initiative. As mentioned above, your doubts will be cleared on real-time basis (or max within hour it will be answered from the subject experts). Make the best use of the communication channel (Ask Your Baba/comment section on daily 60 Day post and calls) provided. We will make sure that, all your queries will be answered to. So we have tried our bit, to ensure your preparation goes smoothly, you can do your bit by keeping in touch with us via phone/ website to keep yourself going, keep yourself engaged and staying positive during the rough times. How to make the maximum use of this HOTLINE and #ASKBABA (Disqus comment of 60 Day Plan) on Daily basis? Now, that I have solved 30 mcq’s, what to do next? How to Analyse my Performance? For Answers to the above Questions ->CONNECT WITH BABA: IASbaba’s Dedicated HOTLINE for UPSC/IAS Aspirants !! Note- Download the OMR Sheet and attempt the questions exactly like UPSC Prelims. After you are done, please post your OMR in the comment section. Once the solution key is released (5 PM), cross-check the answers and again, comment the marks (you got) in the same comment thread. This will keep you responsible and sincere in days to come. Also, we need more sets of scores for releasing the cut offs in the night so, requesting all of you to sincerely put your scores in comment section. You can also take part in discussion with peers. Q.1) With reference to the Rashtrakuta dynasty, which of the following statement is NOT correct? It was founded by Dantidurga who defeated Gurjaras. Under them, the Vesara style of temple architecture emerged for the first time. Krishna I of Rashtrakuta dynasty built the magnificent rock-cut monolithic Kailasa temple at Ellora. Amoghavarsha I of Rashtrakuta dynasty was often called “Ashoka of the South” because of his religious temperament. Q.1) राष्ट्रकूट वंश के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कथन सही नहीं है? इसकी स्थापना दंतिदुर्ग ने की थी, जिसने गुर्जरों को हराया था। उनके तहत, मंदिर वास्तुकला की वेसर शैली पहली बार प्रकट हुई थी। राष्ट्रकूट वंश के कृष्ण प्रथम ने एलोरा में शानदार शिलाकृत एकाश्म कैलाश मंदिर का निर्माण करवाया था। राष्ट्रकूट वंश के अमोघवर्ष प्रथम को अक्सर उनके धार्मिक स्वभाव के कारण "दक्षिण का अशोक" कहा जाता था। Q.2) Pala empire dominated Eastern India till middle of Ninth century. Which among the following statements is/are NOT correct about Pala Empire? Pala Empire under Dharmapala extended upto Assam, Orissa and Nepal. Palas had close trade and cultural contacts with Roman Empire. Pala rulers were great patrons of Buddhism as well as Jainism. Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1 and 3 only 2 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.2) पाल साम्राज्य का पूर्वी भारत में नवीं शताब्दी के मध्य तक प्रभुत्व था। निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कथन पाल साम्राज्य के बारे में सही नहीं है / हैं? धर्मपाल के अधीन पाल साम्राज्य ने असम, उड़ीसा और नेपाल तक विस्तार किया। पाल का रोमन साम्राज्य के साथ घनिष्ठ व्यापार और सांस्कृतिक संपर्क था। पाल शासक बौद्ध धर्म के साथ-साथ जैन धर्म के महान संरक्षक थे। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें: केवल 1 और 3 केवल 2 केवल 2 और 3 1, 2 और 3 Q.3) Consider the following statements with reference to establishment of Muslim rule in India: The first Muslim kingdom was firmly established in India at Ajmer. Kanauj was occupied by the Muslims in the second battle of Tarain. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.3) भारत में मुस्लिम शासन की स्थापना के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: पहला मुस्लिम राज्य भारत में अजमेर में मजबूती से स्थापित किया गया था। तराइन की दूसरी लड़ाई में कन्नौज पर मुसलमानों का अधिकार हो गया था। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.4) Consider the following pairs of departments under Delhi sultanate with their primary functions: Diwani Riyasat - Department of Religious affairs. Diwani Kohi - Department of Agriculture. Diwani Bandagan - Department of Slaves. Which of the pairs given above is/ are correctly matched? 1 and 3 only 2 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.4) दिल्ली सल्तनत के विभागों के निम्नलिखित युग्मों पर इसके प्राथमिक कार्यों के साथ विचार करें: दीवान-ए- रियासत - धार्मिक मामलों का विभाग। दीवान-ए- कोही - कृषि विभाग। दीवान-ए- बंदगान - दासों का विभाग। ऊपर दी गई कौन सी जोड़ी सही ढंग से सुमेलित है / हैं? केवल 1 और 3 केवल 2 केवल 2 और 3 1, 2 और 3 Q.5) Which of the following Delhi Sultans did receive the mansur, the letter of permission, from the Caliph? Iltutmish Balban Alauddin Khalji Muhammad bin Tughlaq Firoz Shah Tughlaq Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1, 2 and 3 only 2, 3 and 4 only 1, 4 and 5 only 3, 4 and 5 only Q.5) निम्नलिखित में से किस दिल्ली सुल्तान ने खलीफा से मंसूर (mansur), अनुमति पत्र प्राप्त किया था? इल्तुतमिश बलबन अलाउद्दीन खिलजी मुहम्मद बिन तुगलक फिरोज शाह तुगलक नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें: केवल 1, 2 और 3 केवल 2, 3 और 4 केवल 1, 4 और 5 केवल 3, 4 और 5 Q.6) Consider of the following statements regarding contributions of Amir Khusrau: He evolved a new style of light music known as qwalis by blending the Hindu and Iranian systems. He created a new style of Persian poetry called Sabaq-i-Hind. His work Tughlaq Nama deals with the rise of Ghyiasuddin Tughlaq. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only 3 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.6) अमीर ख़ुसरो के योगदान के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: उन्होंने हिंदू और ईरानी प्रणालियों के सम्मिश्रण द्वारा क़व्वाली (qawwalis) के रूप में जाने जाने वाले हल्के संगीत की एक नई शैली विकसित की। उन्होंने फ़ारसी कविता की एक नई शैली का निर्माण किया जिसे सबक-ए-हिंद कहा जाता है। उनका कार्य तुगलकनामा, ग़यासुद्दीन तुगलक के उदय से संबंधित है। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 और 2 केवल 3 केवल 2 और 3 1, 2 और 3 Q.7) With reference to the system of coinage during Delhi Sultanate, consider the following statements: Balban introduced the Arabic coinage into India and the silver tanka. Gold coins or dinars became popular during the reign of Alauddin Khalji. Muhammad bin Tughlaq stopped minting gold coins and started token currency. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 3 only 2 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.7) दिल्ली सल्तनत के दौरान सिक्कों की प्रणाली के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: भारत में बलबन ने अरबी सिक्का और चांदी का टंका प्रस्तुत किया। अलाउद्दीन खिलजी के शासनकाल के दौरान सोने के सिक्के या दीनार लोकप्रिय हुए। मुहम्मद बिन तुगलक ने सोने के सिक्कों का मुद्रण बंद कर दिया और सांकेतिक मुद्रा आरंभ की। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 और 3 केवल 2 केवल 2 और 3 1, 2 और 3 Q.8) Which of the following statement about Sufism is NOT correct? Sufism was a liberal reform movement within Islam originated in Persia. Sufis believed service to humanity was tantamount to service to God. In Sufism, the guidance of a pir or guru was considered an essential condition to gain knowledge of God by sense of perception. Sufis consider love and devotion as the only means of attaining salvation. Q.8) सूफीवाद के बारे में, निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कथन सही नहीं है? सूफीवाद फारस में उत्पन्न इस्लाम के भीतर एक उदारवादी सुधार आंदोलन था। सूफियों का मानना था कि मानवता की सेवा ईश्वर की सेवा के समान है। सूफीवाद में, एक पीर या गुरु के मार्गदर्शन को धारणा की भावना से भगवान का ज्ञान प्राप्त करने के लिए एक आवश्यक शर्त माना जाता था। सूफ़ी प्रेम और भक्ति को मोक्ष प्राप्ति का एकमात्र साधन मानते हैं। Q.9) Consider the following statements about Guru Nanak: He was a Nirguna Bhakti Saint and social reformer. He compiled the Adi Granth, the holy religious book of Sikhism. He was the contemporary of Mughal Emperor Babur. He advocated a middle path in which spiritual life could be combined with the duties of the householder. Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1 and 3 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 4 only 1, 3 and 4 only Q.9) गुरु नानक के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: वह निर्गुण भक्ति संत और समाज सुधारक थे। उन्होंने सिख धर्म के पवित्र धार्मिक ग्रंथ आदि ग्रन्थ का संकलन किया। वह मुगल सम्राट बाबर के समकालीन थे। उन्होंने एक मध्य मार्ग की वकालत की जिसमें आध्यात्मिक जीवन को गृहस्थ के कर्तव्यों के साथ जोड़ा जा सके। निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कथन सही है / हैं? केवल 1 और 3 केवल 2 और 3 केवल 1 और 4 केवल 1, 3 और 4 Q.10) With reference to Ibadat Khana, consider the following statements: It was set up to discuss religious and spiritual topics by Akbar. It was opened for the Muslims, Hindus, Christians and Zorastrians. The debates in the Ibadat Khana were discontinued during the reign of Aurangzeb. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only 1 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.10) इबादत खाना के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: यह अकबर द्वारा धार्मिक और आध्यात्मिक विषयों पर चर्चा करने के लिए स्थापित किया गया था। इसे मुस्लिमों, हिंदुओं, ईसाइयों और पारसियों के लिए खोला गया था। औरंगज़ेब के शासनकाल के दौरान इबादत ख़ाना में वाद-विवाद बंद कर दिया गया था। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 और 2 केवल 1 केवल 2 और 3 1, 2 और 3 Q.11) Who among the following translated the Bhagavat Gita and Upanishads into the Persian language? Abul Faizi Abdul Hamid Lahori Dara Shikoh Inayat Khan Q.11) निम्नलिखित में से किसने भागवत गीता और उपनिषदों का फारसी भाषा में अनुवाद किया था? अबुल फैजी अब्दुल हमीद लाहौरी दारा शिकोह इनायत खान Q.12) Consider the following pairs: Posts under Mughal Administration Primary Function / Role 1. Mutasaddi Governor of the port 2. Shiqdar Executive officer at the lever of Sarkar 3. Muhtasibs Watch over the conduct of people Which of the pairs given above are incorrectly matched? 1 and 3 only 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 2 only Q.12) निम्नलिखित युग्मों पर विचार करें: मुग़ल प्रशासन के अंतर्गत पद प्राथमिक कार्य / भूमिका 1. मुतसद्दी (Mutasaddi) बंदरगाह का गवर्नर 2. शिकदार (Shiqdar) सरकार इकाई में कार्यकारी अधिकारी 3. मुहतसिब (Muhtasibs) लोगों के आचरण पर नजर रखना ऊपर दी गई कौन सी जोड़ी गलत तरीके से मेल खाती है? केवल 1 और 3 केवल 2 केवल 2 और 3 केवल 1 और 2 Q.13) With reference to the cultural history of India, 'Hamzanama' is related to Description of Mughal administration. Collection of miniature paintings. Autobiography of Humayun. Royal orders issued by Mughal kings. Q.13) भारत के सांस्कृतिक इतिहास के संदर्भ में, 'हम्ज़ानामा' का संबंध किससे है मुगल प्रशासन का वर्णन। लघु चित्रों का संग्रह। हुमायूँ की आत्मकथा। मुगल राजाओं द्वारा जारी शाही आदेश। Q.14) Consider the following statements about Tomb of Itimad Ud Daulah: It was constructed by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan at Agra. It is famous for being the first tomb in India to be built entirely of white marble. Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.14) इतिमाद उद दौला के मकबरे के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: इसका निर्माण आगरा में मुगल सम्राट शाहजहाँ द्वारा किया गया था। यह भारत में पहले मकबरे के रूप में प्रसिद्द है, जो पूरी तरह से सफेद संगमरमर से बनाया गया है। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा गलत है / हैं? केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.15) Consider of the following statements: Mughal paintings reached its climax during the reign of Jahangir. The climax of fort-building reached during the reign of Akbar. Mosque-building reached its peak during Shah Jahan’s reign. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.15) निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: मुगल चित्रकला जहाँगीर के शासनकाल के दौरान अपने चरमोत्कर्ष पर पहुँच गयी थी। किले के निर्माण का चरमोत्कर्ष अकबर के शासनकाल के दौरान पहुंचा था। शाहजहाँ के शासनकाल में मस्जिद-निर्माण अपने चरमोत्कर्ष पर पहुँच गया था। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 और 2 केवल 2 और 3 केवल 1 और 3 1, 2 और 3 Q.16) Consider the following statements about the Krishna Dev Raya of Vijayanagar kingdom: There were nine eminent luminaries in literature known as Navratans at his court. He himself authored a Sanskrit work, Amuktamalyada and a Telugu work, Jambavati Kalyanam. Apart from building large number of Rayagopurams, he also built a new city called Nagalapuram. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct? 1 and 2 only 3 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only Q.16) विजयनगर साम्राज्य के कृष्ण देव राय के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: उनके दरबार में नवरत्नों के रूप में जाने जाने वाले साहित्यकारों में नौ प्रतिष्ठित साहित्यकार थे। वे स्वयं एक संस्कृत कार्य, आमुक्तमाल्यद तथा एक तेलुगु कार्य, जांबवती कल्याणम के लेखक थे। बड़ी संख्या में रायगोपुरम के निर्माण के अलावा, उन्होंने एक नया शहर भी बनाया जिसका नाम नागालपुरम था। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 और 2 केवल 3 केवल 2 और 3 केवल 1 और 3 Q.17) With reference to administration under the Vijayanagar kingdom, consider the following statements: The provincial governors had a large measure of autonomy. Land revenue was fixed at generally one sixth of the produce. Chola traditions of village self-government were considerably weakened under the Vijaynagar rulers. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only 3 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.17) विजयनगर साम्राज्य के अंतर्गत प्रशासन के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: प्रांतीय गवर्नरों के पास स्वायत्तता का एक बड़ा अधिकार था। भूमि राजस्व आम तौर पर उपज का एक-छठां भाग तय किया गया था। विजयनगर शासकों के अधीन, ग्राम स्वशासन की चोल परंपराओं को काफी कमजोर कर दिया गया था। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 और 2 केवल 3 केवल 2 और 3 1, 2 और 3 Q.18) Which of the following statements is NOT correct about Peshwa Baji Rao I? He was the greatest exponent of guerrilla tactics after Shivaji. He initiated the system of confederacy among the Maratha chiefs. During his reign, the supreme power from Chhatrapati was transferred to the Peshwa. He captured Salsette and Bassein from the Portuguese. Q.18) पेशवा बाजी राव प्रथम के बारे में, निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कथन सही नहीं है? वह शिवाजी के बाद गुरिल्ला रणनीति के सबसे बड़े प्रतिपादक थे। उन्होंने मराठा प्रमुखों के बीच संघ की व्यवस्था (system of confederacy) आरंभ की। उनके शासनकाल के दौरान, छत्रपति से सर्वोच्च शक्ति पेशवा को हस्तांतरित की गई थी। उन्होंने पुर्तगालियों से साल्सेट और बसीन को छीन लिया था। Q.19) Consider the following pairs: Successor States Founded by 1. Hyderabad Chin Qilich Khan 2. Awadh Saadatullah Khan 3. Bengal Murshid Quli Khan Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched? 1 and 3 only 1 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.19) निम्नलिखित युग्मों पर विचार करें: उत्तराधिकारी राज्य संस्थापक 1. हैदराबाद चिन किलिच खान 2. अवध सआदतुल्ला खान 3. बंगाल मुर्शिद कुली खान ऊपर दिए गए युग्मों में से, कौन सा सही तरीके से सुमेलित है? केवल 1 और 3 केवल 1 केवल 2 और 3 1, 2 और 3 Q.20) Which of the following privileges obtained by the East India Company was/were regarded as the Magna Carta of the Company? Permission granted to establish factories by the Mughal emperor Jahangir and ruler of Chandragiri. ‘Golden Farman’ issued to the Company by the Sultan of Golconda. The subahdar allowed to trade in Bengal in return for an annual payment of Rs 3,000, in lieu of all duties. Three farmans secured from the Mughal emperor Farrukhsiyar. Q.20) ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी द्वारा प्राप्त निम्नलिखित में से कौन सी विशेषाधिकार कंपनी के लिए मैग्ना कार्टा के रूप में माना जाता है? मुगल सम्राट जहांगीर और चंद्रगिरी के शासक द्वारा कारखानों को स्थापित करने की अनुमति। गोलकुंडा के सुल्तान द्वारा कंपनी को जारी किया गया 'स्वर्णिम फरमान' सूबेदार ने सभी शुल्कों के स्थान पर, 3,000 रुपये के वार्षिक भुगतान के बदले बंगाल में व्यापार करने की अनुमति दी। मुगल बादशाह फर्रुखसियर द्वारा जारी किए गए तीन फरमान। Q.21) Arrange the four southernmost islands of the Kuril Islands starting from north to south: Habomai Island Shikotan Island Etorofu Island Kunashiri Island Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 3 – 4 – 2 – 1 3 – 2 – 1 – 4 4 – 1 – 3 – 2 Q.21) उत्तर से आरंभ होकर दक्षिण तक, कुरील द्वीप के चार दक्षिणी द्वीपों को व्यवस्थित करें: हबोमई द्वीप (Habomai Island) शिकोतन द्वीप (Shikotan Island) एटोरोफू द्वीप (Etorofu Island) कुनाशिरी द्वीप (Kunashiri Island) नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें: 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 3 - 4 - 2 - 1 3 - 2 - 1 - 4 4 - 1 - 3 - 2 Q.22) Consider the following statements: A Government Security (G-Sec) is a tradable instrument issued by the Central Government or the State Governments. Central Government and State Governments issues both treasury bills and bonds or dated securities. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.22) निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: एक सरकारी प्रतिभूति (G-Sec), केंद्र सरकार या राज्य सरकारों द्वारा जारी किया जाने वाला एक व्यापार योग्य साधन है। केंद्र सरकार और राज्य सरकारें ट्रेजरी बिल और बॉन्ड या दिनांकित प्रतिभूतियां दोनों जारी करती हैं। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.23) With reference to whale shark, Consider the following statements: The whale sharks are the biggest fish and shark in the world. Like human fingerprints, each whale shark has its own individual spot pattern, no two are exactly alike. The whale sharks are notorious for attacking humans. Which of the statements given above is/are Correct? 1 and 3 only 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.23) व्हेल शार्क (whale shark) के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: व्हेल शार्क संसार की सबसे बड़ी मछली और शार्क हैं। मानव फिंगरप्रिंट की तरह, प्रत्येक व्हेल शार्क का अपना अलग स्पॉट पैटर्न (spot pattern) होता है, कोई भी दो बिल्कुल समान नहीं होती हैं। व्हेल शार्क इंसानों पर हमला करने के लिए कुख्यात हैं। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 और 3 केवल 1 और 2 केवल 2 और 3 1, 2 और 3 Q.24) Which of the following countries is/are not the part of regional network of South Asia Wildlife Enforcement Network (SAWEN)? Afghanistan Maldives Myanmar Pakistan Thailand Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1, 2 and 5 only 3 and 5 only 1,2 3 and 5 only 1,2,3,4 and 5 Q.24) निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा देश दक्षिण एशिया वन्यजीव प्रवर्तन नेटवर्क (SAWEN) के क्षेत्रीय नेटवर्क का हिस्सा नहीं है? अफ़ग़ानिस्तान मालदीव म्यांमार पाकिस्तान थाईलैंड नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें: केवल 1, 2 और 5 केवल 3 और 5 केवल 1, 2, 3 और 5 1, 2, 3, 4 और 5 Q.25) Consider the following statement based on the Pollution Index developed by MoEFCC for industrial sectors: Industrial Sectors having Pollution Index score of 60 and above are categorized under Red category No Red category of industries shall be permitted in the ecologically fragile area / protected area. Industries like milk & dairy products are included in the White category. Which of the statements given above is/are Correct? 1 and 2 only 1 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.25) औद्योगिक क्षेत्रों के लिए MoEFCC द्वारा विकसित प्रदूषण सूचकांक पर आधारित निम्नलिखित कथन पर विचार करें: 60 और उससे अधिक के प्रदूषण सूचकांक वाले औद्योगिक क्षेत्र को लाल श्रेणी में वर्गीकृत किया गया है पारिस्थितिक रूप से नाजुक क्षेत्र / संरक्षित क्षेत्र में उद्योगों की लाल श्रेणी को कोई अनुमति नहीं दी जाएगी। दूध और डेयरी उत्पाद जैसे उद्योग श्वेत श्रेणी में शामिल हैं। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 और 2 केवल 1 केवल 1 और 3 1, 2 और 3 Q.26) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘PM CARES Fund’. The fund consists entirely of voluntary contributions from individuals/organizations and does not get any budgetary support. Donations to PM CARES Fund does not qualify to be counted as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) expenditure under the Companies Act, 2013. Donations to PM CARES Fund would qualify for 80G benefits for 100% exemption under the Income Tax Act, 1961. PM CARES Fund cannot accept donations and contributions from individuals and organizations based in foreign countries. Select the correct statements 1 and 2 1 and 3 3 and 4 2 and 4 Q.26) ‘PM CARES फंड’ के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। इस कोष में पूरी तरह से व्यक्तियों / संगठनों द्वारा स्वैच्छिक योगदान होता है तथा इसे कोई बजटीय सहायता नहीं मिलती है। PM CARES फंड को दान कंपनी अधिनियम, 2013 के तहत कॉर्पोरेट सामाजिक उत्तरदायित्व (CSR) व्यय के रूप में गिने जाने योग्य नहीं है। PM CARES फंड में दान को आयकर अधिनियम, 1961 के तहत 100% छूट के लिए 80G लाभ हेतु अर्हता प्राप्त है। PM CARES फंड विदेशों में स्थित व्यक्तियों और संगठनों से दान और योगदान को स्वीकार नहीं कर सकता है। सही कथनों का चयन करें 1 और 2 1 और 3 3 और 4 2 और 4 Q.27) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Kr00k’. It is a security vulnerability that allows some WPA2 encrypted WiFi traffic to be decrypted. It only affects wearable devices. Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.27) ‘Kr00k’ के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। यह एक सुरक्षा भेद्यता है जो कुछ WPA2 एन्क्रिप्ट किए गए वाईफाई ट्रैफ़िक को डिक्रिप्ट करने की अनुमति देता है। यह केवल लगाने योग्य उपकरणों (wearable devices) को प्रभावित करता है। सही कथनों का चयन करें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.28) The ‘SEIR model’ which was in news recently is associated with Infectious Diseases Price Deficiency Payment Mechanism Aquaponics and Hydroponics Quantum Computing Q.28) ‘SEIR मॉडल’ जो हाल ही में समाचारों में था, किसके साथ संबद्ध है संक्रामक रोग (Infectious Diseases) मूल्य न्यूनता भुगतान प्रणाली (Price Deficiency Payment Mechanism) एक्वापोनिक्स और हाइड्रोपोनिक्स (Aquaponics and Hydroponics) क्वांटम कम्प्यूटिंग Q.29) Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched? Sukhna Lake – Himachal Pradesh Otteri Lake – Tamil Nadu Vellayani Lake – Kerala Select the correct statements 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.29) निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा युग्म सही रूप से सुमेलित है / हैं? सुखना झील - हिमाचल प्रदेश ओटेरी झील - तमिलनाडु वेल्लयानी झील - केरल सही कथनों का चयन करें 1 और 2 2 और 3 1 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.30) The ‘Bonphool’ brand which was in news recently is associated with Honey Jaggery Rice Milk Q.30) ‘बोनफूल’ (Bonphool) ब्रांड, जो हाल ही में समाचारों में था, किससे संबंधित है शहद गुड़ चावल दूध DOWNLOAD THE SOLUTION ENGLISH HINDI NOTE- Follow this for Comments Mention- Time Taken after solving the Test After the release of Solution Edit your Comment to Mention- Correct/Incorrect and Score 2 Marks for Correct/0.66 minus for Incorrect. DOWNLOAD THE 60 DAYS PLAN 2020 PRELIMS EXCLUSIVE CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASSES (12 SESSIONS-By Tauseef Sir): STARTING 15 APRIL- JOIN NOW! All the Best! IASbaba

Apr 28, 2020 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 28th April 2020

IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 28th April 2020 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) survey: Industries struggle amidst the pandemic Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Industries In News: Companies were surveyed recently regarding the difficulties being faced by them due to the lockdown which was imposed to contain the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. Almost half of the industries which have been allowed to reopen still face hurdles in obtaining permits to function and passes for employees. Key takeaways: Movement: 60% of surveyed companies faced disruption in the movement of inputs and finished goods. Only 15% of them said that movement of raw materials and finished goods was taking place smoothly. 23% said such movement was not taking place at all. Permits: 19% of companies said permits were not available to them. 27% said they had faced delays. 67% said the daily commute was problematic. Functioning: Only 10% of plants were functioning at more than 50% of their full capacity. Only 9% of firms have more than half their workers back on site. CII demanded that businesses should be allowed to function without need of permits in non-containment areas. Also, workers should be allowed to commute to work in their own vehicles on the basis of a letter issued by the employer without need of a government pass. Important value additions: Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) CII is a non-government, not-for-profit, industry-led and industry-managed organization. Founded in 1895, it works with the Government on policy issues. Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 28th April 2020 Image source: Click here Basava Jayanthi: Birth anniversary of Vishwaguru Basaveshwara Part of: GS Prelims and GS-I – Ancient Indian history; Socio-cultural reform movements In News: Recently, The Prime Minister of India greeted the people on Global Basava Jayanthi It is celebrated on April 26 to honour the birth of Vishwaguru Basaveshwara. Important value additions: Basaveshwara He was born in Bagevadi (of undivided Bijapur district in Karnataka) during 1131 AD. He was the 12th century philosopher and social reformer who gave a unique spiritual path to mankind. He is the founding saint of the Lingayat sect. His spiritual discipline was based on the principles of: Arivu (true knowledge), Achara (right conduct), Anubhava (divine experience) His practical approach and act of establishment of ‘Kalyana Rajya’ (Welfare state) brought a new status and position for all the citizens of the society, irrespective of class, caste, creed and sex. He established the Anubhava Mantapa, which was a common forum for all to discuss the prevailing problems of socio, economic and political areas. It was the first and foremost socio-religious Parliament of India. On 14th November 2015, the Prime Minister of India also inaugurated the statue of Basavanna along the bank of the river Thames at Lambeth in London. SN 2010kd: a super-luminous supernova that exploded rapidly and decayed slowly Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Space In News: Researchers at the Arayabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Nainital recently carried out study of SN 2010kd ARIES is an autonomous research institute under the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India. Key takeaways: SN 2010kd is a super-luminous supernova which ejected huge amounts of mass and Nickel during explosion. The amount of ejection was much more than seen in case of normal core-collapse supernovae, which indicates that the related star evolution might be different. It exploded with a larger velocity but decayed slower than other similar supernovae. Important value additions: Supernovae are types of energetic explosions where the core of massive stars explode, liberating huge amounts of energy. These events are visible through very far away distances much beyond our own solar system. Super-luminous supernovae are a special type of explosions having energy output 10 or more times higher than that of standard supernovae. Miscellaneous Exercise ‘Pitch Black’ Pitch Black 2020, Australia's premier multilateral air combat training exercise has been cancelled due to the COVID-19 situation. In its last edition in 2018, the Indian Air Force (IAF) deployed fighter aircraft for the first time. The bilateral naval exercise AUSINDEX (between Australia and India), early last year, saw participation of the largest Australian contingent ever to India with over 1,000 personnel. (MAINS FOCUS) INTERNATIONAL/ ECONOMY/ GOVERNANCE Topic: General Studies 2 & 3: Impact of policies and politics of developing & developed world on India Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment. COVID-19: Disruption and a new order Context: Former National Security Advisor M.K. Narayanan analyses the geopolitical and geo-economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic. These are as follows Institutions under fire UN Security Council is criticised for being slow in dealing with a situation that is far dangerous than any military threat in recent decades. WHO has been alleged of bias towards China and of grossly underestimating the nature of the epidemic. Economic shock World Bank has already predicted negative growth for most nations. India’s growth forecast for the current fiscal year has been put at 1.5% to 2.8%. Political Management Tools used by Democratic governments to tackle COVID-19 are similar to authoritarian regimes such as China and people have welcomed such measures The role of the state as an enforcer of public good will become greatly enhanced. For instance: Europe has shown a willingness to sacrifice personal liberties in favour of greater state control An omnipotent state could well become a reality i.e. present everywhere and monitoring people through mass surveillance China in the spotlight China due to its ‘early recovery’ seeks to take advantage of and benefit from the problems faced by the world in the wake of the epidemic. It wants to use its manufacturing capability to its geo-economic advantage. Hostile Takeover: China intends to acquire stakes in companies across the world, taking advantage of the scaled-down value of their assets It wants to gain soft power by offering medical aid & supplies to other nations China aims to dominate the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), thus enabling it to exploit market access across the S.E. Asia and E. Asia Through pushing its Belt & Road Initiative it is trying to achieve China-centric multilateral globalisation framework. A faltering West Weakened economically and politically after COVID-19, the U.S.’s capacity to play a critical role in world affairs is certain to diminish. United States is already being pronounced by some as a ‘failing’ state Europe, in the short and medium term, will prove incapable of defining and defending its common interests Germany, which may still retain some of its present strength, is already turning insular Both France and a post-Brexit United Kingdom will be out of the reckoning West Asia and India The oil price meltdown will aggravate an already difficult situation across the region Iran is going to face further difficulties due to US sanction Israel may be one country that is in a position to exploit this situation to its advantage. Indian expatriate community in West Asia region may return back home leading to reduced inflow of foreign funds Economic downturn greatly reduces India’s room for manoeuvre in South Asian region while China gains new friends through its economic diplomacy Conclusion Pandemics have often changed the world and reshaped human society. We can expect the same with COVID-19. Connecting the dots: Latin America – Impact of COVID-19 Sustainable development goals in the post-COVID-19 world ECONOMY/GOVERNANCE Topic: General Studies 2 & 3: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR) Context: The oil price meltdown provides an opportunity for oil importing country like India to tweak its energy policies to take advantage of the situation Did You Know? Brent Crude Oil is trading around $25 a barrel (April 2020), the lowest in 18 years. In 2019, the average closing price of a barrel of crude was $57.05. In 2018, it was $64.90, and in 2017, U$50.84. Reduced oil price and India Normally, reduced oil prices would translate into surplus oil for the consumers It also means a fiscal bonus for the government through increased tax collections (when the reduced price is not fully transferred to consumers) However, these gains will not be easy to come by given that the demand for petrol has drastically reduced. Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR) programme Objective is to maintain emergency stockpile of oil reserves India claims to have 87 days of reserves. Out of this, Oil refiners maintain 65 days of oil storage The rest of the reserves are held in underground salt caverns maintained by Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Limited (ISPRL). The existing and planned capacity for the underground reserves is 10 and 12 days of import cover for crude oil respectively. Issue with SPR Lack of transparency with refinery holdings. The SPR arrangement between the oil refineries and the Union or state governments is not specified well A breakdown of which refineries hold SPR and in what form (crude or refined) or information about where they are located is not publicly available. Ambiguity surrounding the mobilisation process SPR are meant to be utilized for emergency purposes, where time is crucial. However, there is no definite framework delineating roles for various agencies Way Ahead Policy Framework: ISPRL could fill up the reserves each time the price of Brent crude oil falls below a certain price, say $35 per barrel. The procedures, protocols and facts about Indian SPR storage require greater public and parliamentary scrutiny Thus, there is a need to introduce transparency and accountability in relation to the SPR SPR mobilisation process could be made more efficient by laying out designated roles for different agencies to avoid duplication of work in times of crisis India should look to diversify its SPR holdings. Diversification can be based on Geographical location - storing oil either domestically or abroad. For instance: Trincomalee in Sri Lanka, Oman (Ras Markaz) Storage location - underground or overground Product type (oil can be held in either crude or refined form). Form of ownership — either publicly owned through ISPRL or by private oil companies, such as ADNOC of Abu Dhabi, which could fill up the SPR when prices are low Connecting the dots: Solar Power in the times of reduced Oil Prices 1973 Oil Crisis (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Comments Up-voted by IASbaba are also the “correct answers”. Q.1 With regard to the survey carried out recently by Confederation of Indian Industry, consider the following statements: 15% of them said that movement of raw materials and finished goods was taking place smoothly. Only 10% of plants were functioning at more than 50% of their full capacity. Which of the above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2 SN 2010kd, recently seen in news, is associated with which of the following? Super- Luminous Supernova Discovery of a new Galaxy Discovery of a new planet A comet which could hit the planet earth Q.3 Consider the following statements regarding Basaveshwara: He is the founding saint of Lingayat sect. He established Anubhava Mantapa which is considered as the first Socio-religious Parliament of India. Which of the above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.4 Exercise Pitch Black, recently seen in news, was being conducted by which of the following country? USA Japan Australia Russia ANSWERS FOR 27th April 2020 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 C 2 A 3 B 4 A 5 B Must Read About importance to preserve MPC framework by former RBI Governor: The Indian Express About Politics in Pakistan: The Indian Express An article by former Foreign Secretary about India in Post-pandemic world: The Hindu

Apr 28, 2020 Important Articles

REGISTER NOW: IASbaba’s ALL INDIA MOCK EXAM -UPSC PRELIMS 2020 General Studies Paper 1 & Paper 2 – OPEN FOR ALL!! (5 GS & 4 CSAT TESTS)

IASbaba’s ALL INDIA MOCK EXAM -UPSC PRELIMS 2020 General Studies Paper 1 & Paper 2– OPEN FOR ALL!! (5 GS & 4 CSAT TESTS) Hello Everyone, First of all, we would like to thank you for the immense support and awesome feedback on the First OPEN Mock that was conducted on 23rd April. It was great to see that so many aspirants are focused on their goal despite the difficult circumstances. For the IASbaba’s All India Full Mock Exam- 1, almost 7500 students registered, and close to 4200 (approx) students took the test. With the sample space, it was like a real Prelims exam. As one of the feedback catches its essence – Considering the demand, we are announcing EIGHT MORE OPEN MOCKS for General Studies and CSAT. Here is the time-table for the same. GENERAL STUDIES MOCK 1- Already Conducted on 23rd April GENERAL STUDIES MOCK 2 & CSAT 1- 1st MAY 2020 and GENERAL STUDIES MOCK 3 & CSAT 2- 7th MAY 2020 GENERAL STUDIES MOCK 4 & CSAT 3- 14th MAY 2020 GENERAL STUDIES MOCK 5 & CSAT 4- 20th MAY 2020 You need to continue your practice and plug the loopholes in your preparation. We hope that our 60 day plan is helping many of you to keep your preparation on track. We thank everyone for the positive feedback and also for constructive criticism. We are trying our level best to clarify all your conceptual queries on the platform (#ASKBABA) and also through the HOTLINE. We request the aspirants to fully make use of this opportunity and ask as many questions as possible. You need to remember that each query is unique and no question is trivial. If you have a doubt it should be clarified. GUIDELINES/STEPS to Follow: To make the Registration easier this time, there is ONLY 1 Step to follow. Those who had Registered to take MOCK TEST 1 (whcih was held on 23rd April) need not register again. REGISTER here: https://test.iasbaba.com/register/ If you already have an account, click LOGIN in the top right corner. Else click REGISTER. Once you click on Register, you need to fill the following fields- your Name, Email id, Password, Phone number. Make sure that only Valid details are keyed in, else you will not be able to take the Mock Exam. Once you have successfully registered, an Activation Email will be sent to your Registered Email ID. Click on the Activation link to activate your account. Please Note that SOLUTION (Detailed Explanation) PDF will be sent to your REGISTERED Email id. On the Exam Day How to Start the EXAM? You can take the Exam on the given date: https://test.iasbaba.com/login/ The exam timing is 9.30 AM onward. Now you can log in to the test platform, using registered email id and password. Once you log in, Click on LEARN in the top menu. You will find the FULL MOCK of that day. Click on the test to START the exam. Please Note that, if the power/internet is disconnected, then you can follow the LOGIN and click on the LEARN TAB and click on FULL MOCK EXAM to resume the exam. How to check the Results? You can check your results here: The link will be updated within 24 hours after the exam. The Results (All India Rank ) will be announced on 3rd May for FULL MOCK 2, 9th May for FULL MOCK 3, 16th May for FULL MOCK 4 and 22nd May for FULL MOCK 5 (Same for CSAT Tests) Also, you can see your results in real-time i.e, once you complete the Test, under RESULTS TAB. Please Note:- SOLUTION (Detailed Explanation)PDF will be sent to your REGISTERED Email id. DISCUSSION PAGE ON MOCK TEST -1 ->CLICK HERE IMPORTANT NOTE: All the MOCK EXAMS will be ACTIVE till the day of UPSC Prelims Exam 2020. You can take the Mock Tests anytime till that day. But we would suggest you to take it as per the Schedule mentioned above, so that you don't waste your time, keep the momentum going and bring discipline in your preparation. Only students with Email ids and other mentioned fields can take up the Exam and Ranks will be announced accordingly! Kindly login one day before the exam and check whether you are able to see the FULL MOCK under the LEARN tab, if not mail us on support@iasbaba.com. For any Queries - Mail us on support@iasbaba.com OTHER IMPORTANT UPDATES on IASbaba: For PRELIMS TIPS/STRATEGY (Do's & Dont's) by Mohan Sir, IASbaba Founder -> CLICK HERE PRELIMS EXCLUSIVE: CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASSES (12 SESSIONS-By Tauseef Sir): JOIN NOW! CONNECT WITH BABA: IASbaba’s Dedicated HOTLINE & #ASKBABA initiative for UPSC Aspirants !! MUST-READ: For Motivation NEW Initiative -LOCKDOWN & YOU – Unlock Your Talent & Creativity! -> CLICK HERE Coronavirus: Awareness, Myths, Solidarity and Message to All UPSC Aspirants by Mohan Sir Founder IASbaba MUST READ: PRELIMS in Testing Times – Don’t Forget the ‘WHY’; IASbaba’s dedicated HOTLINE for Aspirants and Prelims Postponing Rumours [STRATEGY] MUST READ: 21 Days of Lockdown -What to do? Introspect, Ideate and Improve !! To get Regular Updates from IASbaba, follow- 👉 TELEGRAM Channel - https://t.me/IASbabaOfficialAccount 👉 YOUTUBE - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChvbVdio9Wgj7Z3nQz1Q0ZQ 👉 FACEBOOK - https://www.facebook.com/iasbaba/ Also, SUBSCRIBE to the WEBSITE, so that you don't miss out on important posts! Thank You IASbaba

Apr 28, 2020 60 DAYS PROGRAMME-PRELIMS 2020

IASbaba’s 60 Day Plan [Day - 50]- IAS Prelims Test Series 2020 POLITY & CURRENT AFFAIRS

ARCHIVES OF 60 DAY PLAN PRELIMS EXCLUSIVE CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASSES (12 SESSIONS-By Tauseef Sir): STARTING ON 16 APRIL JOIN NOW! Dear Students, The 60 Days Training has finally begun:) DAY 50 is here! It is time to Introspect, Ideate and Improve!! We have come-up with articles to instil confidence, motivate you in the present situation. Do read these articles. Mark the words/lines in your dairy. These very lines can be the driving force’ in the time of uncertainty. [STRATEGY] MUST READ: 21 Days of Lockdown-What to do? Introspect, Ideate and Improve !! MUST READ: PRELIMS in Testing Times – Don’t Forget the ‘WHY’; IASbaba’s dedicated HOTLINE for Aspirants and Prelims Postponing Rumours Coronavirus[VIDEO]: Awareness, Myths, Solidarity and Message to All UPSC Aspirants by Mohan Sir Founder IASbaba To ensure that your preparation goes smoothly and keeping up with our promise, we have come up with a Dedicated HOTLINE (Communication channel) - Connect with BABA for all UPSC/IAS Aspirants. From today, you will be able to speak with the Founders and Core Team of IASbaba on telephone regarding ‘any queries’ related to UPSC preparation in general or Subject-specific doubts. This Hotline, will be in addition to the 'ASK YOUR BABA' (#ASKBABA) thread opened on a daily basis for our 60 Day plan. We will try to make sure that with so much going around these days, you have at least one less thing to worry about. How to make use of HOTLINE and ASK YOUR BABA (#ASKBABA)? There are 2 initiatives which will be running parallely. 1. HOTLINE - Connect with BABA (5pm - 7pm) The communication channel will be open ONLY for 2 hours Daily (except on Sundays - holiday) from 5pm to 7 pm. Please do not make calls before or after the specified time. As we will be occupied with other daily initiatives running on the website and mentorship. Hope you understand our time constraints. 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Here, doubts related to the 60 day questions or conceptual clarity in a particular subject can be asked. Your doubts will be cleared on real-time basis (or max within hour it will be answered from the subject experts) If you are genuinely finding difficulty interms of preparing with that particular subject, then you can use 5pm-7pm window to make calls. If you are not able to speak to IASbaba's Team, then you can still post your doubts/queries in the same post of the 60 day initiative. As mentioned above, your doubts will be cleared on real-time basis (or max within hour it will be answered from the subject experts). Make the best use of the communication channel (Ask Your Baba/comment section on daily 60 Day post and calls) provided. We will make sure that, all your queries will be answered to. 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Also, we need more sets of scores for releasing the cut offs in the night so, requesting all of you to sincerely put your scores in comment section. You can also take part in discussion with peers. Q.1) Consider the following statements regarding NITI Aayog It has been created by an executive resolution of the Government of India. One of its objectives is to develop mechanisms to formulate credible plans at the village level. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.1) नीति आयोग के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें यह भारत सरकार के एक कार्यकारी संकल्प द्वारा बनाया गया है। इसका एक उद्देश्य ग्रामीण स्तर पर विश्वसनीय योजनाओं को तैयार करने के लिए तंत्र विकसित करना है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.2) Consider the following statements regarding the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) The commission is a multi-member body consisting of a chairperson and five members. The chairman of the commission should be a serving or a retired chief justice of India. Among members, three persons (out of which atleast one should be a woman) having knowledge or practical experience with respect to human rights. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 All of the above Q.2) राष्ट्रीय मानवाधिकार आयोग (NHRC) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। आयोग एक बहु-सदस्यीय निकाय है जिसमें एक अध्यक्ष और पाँच सदस्य होते हैं। आयोग का अध्यक्ष, भारत का एक सेवारत या सेवानिवृत्त मुख्य न्यायाधीश होना चाहिए। सदस्यों में, तीन व्यक्ति (जिनमें से कम से कम एक महिला होनी चाहिए) को मानव अधिकारों के संबंध में ज्ञान या व्यावहारिक अनुभव होना चाहिए। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 1 और 3 2 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.3) Chairpersons from which of the following commissions serve as ex-officio members to the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)? The National Commission for SCs The National Commission for Minorities The National Commission for Protection of Child Rights The National Commission for Women Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 1,2 and 4 2 and 3 All of the above Q.3) निम्नलिखित आयोगों में से किसके अध्यक्ष, राष्ट्रीय मानवाधिकार आयोग (NHRC) के पदेन सदस्यों के रूप में कार्य करते हैं? राष्ट्रीय अनुसूचित जाति आयोग राष्ट्रीय अल्पसंख्यक आयोग राष्ट्रीय बाल अधिकार संरक्षण आयोग राष्ट्रीय महिला आयोग नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 1,2 और 4 2 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.4) Consider the following statements regarding the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) The chairperson and members hold office for a term of three years or until they attain the age of 70 years, whichever is earlier. The salaries, allowances and other conditions of service of the chairperson or a member are determined by the Parliament. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.4) राष्ट्रीय मानवाधिकार आयोग (NHRC) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। अध्यक्ष और सदस्य तीन वर्ष के कार्यकाल के लिए या जब तक वे 70 वर्ष की आयु प्राप्त नहीं कर लेते, जो भी पहले हो, पद पर बने रहते हैं। अध्यक्ष या सदस्य की सेवा के वेतन, भत्ते और अन्य शर्तें संसद द्वारा निर्धारित की जाती हैं। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.5) Consider the following statements regarding the State Human Rights Commission (SHRC) An SHRC can inquire into violation of human rights only in respect of subjects mentioned in the State List of the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution. The central government may confer upon the SHRCs the functions relating to human rights being discharged by any of the union territories. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.5) राज्य मानवाधिकार आयोग (SHRC) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। एक SHRC केवल संविधान की सातवीं अनुसूची में राज्य सूची में उल्लिखित विषयों के संबंध में मानव अधिकारों के उल्लंघन की जांच कर सकता है। केंद्र सरकार, किसी भी केंद्र शासित प्रदेश में मानव अधिकारों से संबंधित कार्यों को SHRCs को दे सकती है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.6) Consider the following statements regarding the Central Information Commission (CIC) Member of the Legislature of a State can be appointed as an Information Commissioner in CIC. Supreme Court has no role to play when the President removes the Chief Information Commissioner or any Information Commissioner on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.6) केंद्रीय सूचना आयोग (CIC) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। राज्य के विधानमंडल के सदस्य को सीआईसी में सूचना आयुक्त के रूप में नियुक्त किया जा सकता है। राष्ट्रपति द्वारा दुर्व्यवहार या अक्षमता के आधार पर मुख्य सूचना आयुक्त या किसी सूचना आयुक्त को हटाते समय सर्वोच्च न्यायालय की कोई भूमिका नहीं होती है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.7) Which of the following bodies fall under the Ministry of Home Affairs? Inter-State Council Zonal Councils National Human Rights Commission National Investigation Agency Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 1,2 and 4 2 and 3 All of the above Q.7) निम्नलिखित में से कौन से निकाय गृह मंत्रालय के अंतर्गत आते हैं? अंतर-राज्य परिषद (Inter-State Council) आंचलिक परिषद (Zonal Councils) राष्ट्रीय मानवाधिकार आयोग राष्ट्रीय जांच एजेंसी नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 1,2 और 4 2 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.8) Consider the following statements regarding State Information Commission A State Information Commissioner shall hold office for such term as prescribed by the State Government or until they attain the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier. The Governor has powers to remove the State Chief Information Commissioner or any State Information Commissioner. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.8) राज्य सूचना आयोग के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें राज्य सूचना आयुक्त ऐसे पद के लिए राज्य सरकार द्वारा निर्धारित या जब तक वे 65 वर्ष की आयु प्राप्त नहीं कर लेता, जो भी पहले हो, पद धारण करेगा। राज्यपाल के पास राज्य के मुख्य सूचना आयुक्त या किसी राज्य सूचना आयुक्त को हटाने की शक्तियां होती हैं। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.9) Consider the following statements regarding Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) CVC was established in 1964 as a statutory body for preventing corruption in the Central government. Its establishment was recommended by the Santhanam Committee on Prevention of Corruption. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.9) केंद्रीय सतर्कता आयोग (CVC) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। CVC की स्थापना 1964 में केंद्र सरकार में भ्रष्टाचार को रोकने के लिए एक सांविधिक निकाय के रूप में की गई थी। इसकी स्थापना की अनुशंसा भ्रष्टाचार निवारण पर संथानम समिति द्वारा की गई थी। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.10) Consider the following statements regarding Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) The Central Government is required to consult the CVC in making rules and regulations governing the vigilance and disciplinary matters relating to the members of Central Services and All India Services. The CVC has been notified as a specific authority to receive information relating to suspicious transactions under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.10) केंद्रीय सतर्कता आयोग (CVC) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। केंद्र सरकार को केंद्रीय सेवाओं और अखिल भारतीय सेवाओं के सदस्यों से संबंधित सतर्कता और अनुशासनात्मक मामलों को नियंत्रित करने वाले नियम और कानून बनाने में सीवीसी से परामर्श करने की आवश्यकता होती है। धन शोधन निवारण अधिनियम, 2002 के तहत संदिग्ध लेनदेन से संबंधित सूचना प्राप्त करने के लिए CVC को एक विशिष्ट प्राधिकारी के रूप में अधिसूचित किया गया है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.11) Consider the following statements regarding the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) The CBI is a statutory body established under the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946. The CBI investigates crime of corruption, economic offences, terror related crimes and serious and organized crime. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.11) केंद्रीय जांच ब्यूरो (CBI) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। सीबीआई दिल्ली विशेष पुलिस स्थापना अधिनियम, 1946 के तहत स्थापित एक वैधानिक निकाय है। सीबीआई भ्रष्टाचार, आर्थिक अपराधों, आतंक से संबंधित अपराधों तथा गंभीर और संगठित अपराध की जांच करती है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.12) Consider the following statements regarding features of Lokpal in India as given under Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act (2013) Institutions which are financed fully or partly by Government and institutions aided by Government are under the jurisdiction of Lokpal. The Lokpal has the power of superintendence and direction over CBI for cases referred to it by the Lokpal. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.12) लोकपाल और लोकायुक्त अधिनियम (2013) के तहत, भारत में लोकपाल की विशेषताओं के बारे में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। वे संस्थाएँ जो सरकार द्वारा पूरी तरह से या आंशिक रूप से वित्तपोषित और सरकार द्वारा सहायता प्राप्त संस्थान हैं, लोकपाल के प्राधिकार क्षेत्र में आते हैं। लोकपाल को लोकपाल द्वारा संदर्भित मामलों के लिए सीबीआई पर अधीक्षण और निर्देश की शक्ति है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.13) Consider the following statements regarding features of Lokpal in India as given under Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act (2013) Lokpal cannot suo motu proceed against any public servant. There is a limitation period of 7 years to file complaints with the Lokpal. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.13) लोकपाल और लोकायुक्त अधिनियम (2013) के तहत, भारत में लोकपाल की विशेषताओं के बारे में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। लोकपाल किसी भी लोक सेवक के विरुद्ध स्वतःसंज्ञान (suo motu) कार्यवाही नहीं कर सकता है। लोकपाल के पास शिकायतें दर्ज करने के लिए 7 वर्ष की सीमा अवधि होती है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.14) Consider the following statements regarding National Investigation Agency (NIA) The NIA was established in the backdrop of the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks. The jurisdiction of the NIA extends to terror attacks, cyber-terrorism, counterfeit currency notes and human trafficking. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.14) राष्ट्रीय जांच एजेंसी (NIA) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। एनआईए की स्थापना 2008 के मुंबई आतंकी हमलों की पृष्ठभूमि में हुई थी। एनआईए का क्षेत्राधिकार आतंकी हमलों, साइबर आतंकवाद, जाली नोटों और मानव तस्करी तक विस्तारित है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.15) Consider the following statements regarding National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) It works under the administrative control of the Union Ministry of Home Affairs. The Home Minister is the ex-officio chairperson of the NDMA. The functions of the NDMA include laying down policies on disaster management. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 All of the above Q.15) राष्ट्रीय आपदा प्रबंधन प्राधिकरण (NDMA) के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें यह केंद्रीय गृह मंत्रालय के प्रशासनिक नियंत्रण में काम करता है। गृह मंत्री एनडीएमए के पदेन अध्यक्ष होते हैं। एनडीएमए के कार्यों में आपदा प्रबंधन पर नीतियां बनाना शामिल है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 1 और 3 2 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.16) Consider the following statements regarding District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA) The Collector/District Magistrate/Deputy Commissioner) of the district is the ex-officio chairperson of the DDMA. The chief medical officer of the district is one of the ex-officio members of the DDMA. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.16) जिला आपदा प्रबंधन प्राधिकरण (DDMA) के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें जिले का कलेक्टर / जिला मजिस्ट्रेट / उपायुक्त डीडीएमए का पदेन अध्यक्ष होता है। जिले के मुख्य चिकित्सा अधिकारी, डीडीएमए के पदेन सदस्यों में से एक हैं। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.17) Consider the following statements regarding co-operative societies in India Right to form co-operative societies is a fundamental right. The audit report of the accounts of an apex co-operative society is laid before the state legislature. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.17) भारत में सहकारी समितियों के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें सहकारी समितियों के गठन का अधिकार एक मौलिक अधिकार है। एक शीर्ष सहकारी समिति के खातों की ऑडिट रिपोर्ट राज्य विधायिका के समक्ष रखी जाती है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.18) Consider the following regarding property of the union and the states as given under the Constitution The Union or a state can acquire, hold and dispose property under the exercise of its executive power. States have rights over minerals present in the territorial waters whereas in case of minerals in continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone, Union alone has the rights. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.18) संविधान के तहत दिए गए संघ और राज्यों की संपत्ति के बारे में, निम्नलिखित पर विचार करें संघ या राज्य अपनी कार्यकारी शक्ति के अभ्यास के तहत संपत्ति का अधिग्रहण, धारण और निपटान कर सकते हैं। राज्यों के पास प्रादेशिक जल (territorial waters) में मौजूद खनिजों पर अधिकार होता है जबकि महाद्वीपीय शेल्फ और विशेष आर्थिक क्षेत्र में खनिजों के मामले में, केवल संघ का अधिकार होता है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.19) Consider the following statements The Constitution has specified of the castes or tribes which are to be called the SCs or the STs. The Constitution has defined the persons who belong to the Anglo-Indian community. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.19) निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें संविधान में उन जातियों या जनजातियों को निर्दिष्ट किया गया है जिन्हें अनुसूचित जाति या जनजाति कहा जाता है। संविधान ने उन व्यक्तियों को परिभाषित किया है जो एंग्लो-इंडियन समुदाय से हैं। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.20) Consider the following statements regarding the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) The CAT exercises original jurisdiction in relation to recruitment and all service matters of public servants covered by it. The CAT is bound by the procedure laid down in the Civil Procedure Code of 1908. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.20) केंद्रीय प्रशासनिक न्यायाधिकरण (CAT) के बारे, में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। CAT, भर्ती और इसके द्वारा कवर किए गए लोक सेवकों के सभी सेवा संबंधी मामलों के संबंध में मूल अधिकार क्षेत्र (original jurisdiction) का उपयोग करता है। CAT सिविल प्रक्रिया संहिता, 1908 में निर्धारित प्रक्रिया से बाध्य है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.21) Which of the following is/are Correctly matched regarding Nari Shakti Puruskar awards? Rani Rudramma Devi Award - Best Panchayat /Village Community Devi Ahilyabai Holkar Award - Best Urban Local body for providing services and facilities to women. Mata Jijabai Award - Best State for improving Child Sex Ratio (CSR). Rani Lakshmibai Award - Best Institution for R&D in the field of women empowerment. Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1 and 4 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 4 only 1, 2, 3 and 4 Q.21) नारी शक्ति पुरस्कारों (Nari Shakti Puruskar) के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? रानी रुद्रम्मा देवी पुरस्कार - सर्वश्रेष्ठ पंचायत / ग्राम समुदाय देवी अहिल्याबाई होल्कर पुरस्कार - महिलाओं को सेवाएं और सुविधाएं प्रदान करने के लिए सर्वश्रेष्ठ शहरी स्थानीय निकाय। माता जीजाबाई पुरस्कार - बाल लिंग अनुपात (CSR) में सुधार के लिए सर्वश्रेष्ठ राज्य। रानी लक्ष्मीबाई पुरस्कार - महिला सशक्तीकरण के क्षेत्र में अनुसंधान और विकास के लिए सर्वश्रेष्ठ संस्थान। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें: केवल 1 और 4 केवल 2 और 3 केवल 1, 2 और 4 1, 2, 3 और 4 Q.22) Operation Spring Shield was a cross-border military operation conducted by Russian Armed Forces against the Turkish Armed Forces Turkish Armed Forces against the Syrian Armed Forces Saudi Arabian Armed Forces against the Yemen Armed Forces Russian Armed Forces against the Syrian Armed Forces Q.22) ऑपरेशन स्प्रिंग शील्ड (Operation Spring Shield) किसके द्वारा एक सीमा पार सैन्य अभियान था तुर्की सशस्त्र बलों के विरुद्ध रूसी सशस्त्र बलों का सीरियाई सशस्त्र बलों के विरुद्ध तुर्की सशस्त्र बलों का यमन सशस्त्र बलों के विरुद्ध सऊदी अरब सशस्त्र बलों का सीरियाई सशस्त्र बलों के विरुद्ध रूसी सशस्त्र बलों का Q.23) With reference to Additional Tier-1 Bonds, Consider the following statements: The holders of AT-1 bonds can get their investments back by selling them in the secondary debt market unless the issuer redeems them. Interest on these bonds can be paid only at the discretion of the issuing body and that too out of annual profit. If the RBI feels that a bank is tottering on the brink and needs a rescue, it can simply ask the bank to cancel its outstanding AT-1 bonds without consulting its investors. Which of the statements given above is/are Not Correct? 1 and 3 only 3 only 2 and 3 only None of the Above Q.23) अतिरिक्त टियर -1 बॉन्ड (Additional Tier-1 Bonds) के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: AT-1 बॉन्ड के धारक अपने निवेश को द्वितीयक ऋण बाजार में बेचकर वापस प्राप्त कर सकते हैं, जब तक कि जारीकर्ता उन्हें प्रतिदेय (redeems) नहीं करता। इन बॉन्डों पर ब्याज केवल जारी करने वाले निकाय के विवेकाधिकार पर चुकाया जा सकता है और वह भी वार्षिक लाभ से बाहर होता है। यदि आरबीआई को लगता है कि कोई बैंक लड़खड़ाने की कगार पर है तथा उसे बचाव की जरूरत है, तो वह इसके निवेशकों से सलाह लिए बिना बैंक से बकाया AT -1 बांड रद्द करने के लिए कह सकता है। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही नहीं है / हैं? केवल 1 और 3 केवल 3 केवल 2 और 3 इनमें से कोई भी नहीं Q.24) Consider the following statements: Stock swap is the exchange of one equity-based asset for another associated with the circumstances of a merger or acquisition. A stock swap occurs when shareholders ownership of the target company's shares are exchanged for shares of the acquiring company. Swap ratio is the ratio at which an acquiring company will offer its own shares in exchange for the target company's shares during a merger or acquisition. Which of the statements given above is/are Correct? 1 and 3 only 2 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.24) निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: स्टॉक स्वैप (Stock swap) एक विलय या अधिग्रहण की परिस्थितियों से संबद्ध दूसरे के लिए एक इक्विटी-आधारित संपत्ति का आदान-प्रदान है। स्टॉक स्वैप तब होता है जब लक्ष्यित कंपनी के शेयरों के स्वामित्व वाले शेयरधारकों का अधिग्रहण कंपनी के शेयरों के लिए किया जाता है। स्वैप अनुपात (Swap ratio) वह अनुपात है जिस पर एक अधिग्रहण करने वाली कंपनी एक विलय या अधिग्रहण के दौरान लक्ष्यित कंपनी के शेयरों के बदले में अपने स्वयं के शेयरों को प्रस्तुत करेगी। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 और 3 केवल 2 केवल 2 और 3 1, 2 और 3 Q.25) The trilateral joint naval exercise “Marine Security Belt” was conducted between which of the following nations? USA, India and Thailand Iran, Russia and China India, Malaysia and Thailand Iran, Iraq and Saudi Arabia Q.25) त्रिपक्षीय संयुक्त नौसैनिक अभ्यास "समुद्री सुरक्षा बेल्ट" (Marine Security Belt) निम्नलिखित में से किन राष्ट्रों के बीच आयोजित किया गया था? संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका, भारत और थाईलैंड ईरान, रूस और चीन भारत, मलेशिया और थाईलैंड ईरान, इराक और सऊदी अरब Q.26) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘no-confidence motion’. It is exclusively mentioned under the Article 75 of Indian Constitution. J.B. Kripalani moved the first-ever no-confidence motion in 1971 against the Indira Gandhi government. Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.26) 'अविश्वास प्रस्ताव' के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। इसका उल्लेख भारतीय संविधान के अनुच्छेद 75 के अंतर्गत विशेष रूप से किया गया है। जे.बी. कृपलानी ने इंदिरा गांधी सरकार के खिलाफ 1971 में पहली बार अविश्वास प्रस्ताव लाया था। सही कथनों का चयन करें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.27) ‘Sessa Orchid Sanctuary’ is located in Karnataka Arunachal Pradesh Uttarakhand Sikkim Q.27) ‘सेसा आर्किड अभयारण्य’ (Sessa Orchid Sanctuary) कहाँ स्थित है कर्नाटक अरुणाचल प्रदेश उत्तराखंड सिक्किम Q.28) Which of the following rivers flow through Germany? Danube Oder Elbe Select the correct code: 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.28) निम्नलिखित में से कौन सी नदी जर्मनी से होकर बहती है? डेन्यूब ओडर एल्ब सही कूट का चयन करें: 1 और 2 2 और 3 1 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.29) ‘International Security Assistance Force (ISAF)’ which was in news recently is associated with? NATO SCO OIC IMCTC Q.29) ‘अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा सहायता बल (International Security Assistance Force- ISAF)' हाल ही में, किससे संबंधित समाचारों में थी? NATO SCO OIC IMCTC Q.30) The term ‘Arr-Rinam’ was in news recently and is associated with which of the following communities? Galo Community Dhangar Community Mishmi Community Sentinelese Community/Tribe Q.30) 'आर-रिनम' (Arr-Rinam) शब्द हाल ही में समाचारों में था तथा यह निम्नलिखित में से किस समुदाय से संबंधित है? गालो समुदाय धनगर समुदाय मिशमी समुदाय सेंटीनली समुदाय / जनजाति DOWNLOAD THE SOLUTION ENGLISH HINDI NOTE- Follow this for Comments Mention- Time Taken after solving the Test After the release of Solution Edit your Comment to Mention- Correct/Incorrect and Score 2 Marks for Correct/0.66 minus for Incorrect. DOWNLOAD THE 60 DAYS PLAN 2020 PRELIMS EXCLUSIVE CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASSES (12 SESSIONS-By Tauseef Sir): STARTING 15 APRIL- JOIN NOW! All the Best! IASbaba

Apr 27, 2020 Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent and Creativity

Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity: PAINTINGS by SANGITA SIHMAR & A POEM by SUSHREE SWAGATIKA SARANGI

Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity Hello Friends, You must be aware of the term ‘catharsis’. It is the process of releasing and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions. Recently we have launched a new initiative by the name Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity! Today's work is PAINTINGS by SANGITA SIHMAR & A POEM by SUSHREE SWAGATIKA SARANGI! Well done, Keep it up !! BEAUTIFUL PAINTINGS by SANGITA SIHMAR POEM by SUSHREE SWAGATIKA SARANGI! Be creative and find your catharsis in whichever form of creativity you are comfortable with. It could be anything- a song, a painting, a poem, a story, a dance performance, rangolis, jokes/humor, culinary skills, mimicry and whatnot. There is no limit to creativity. Just unleash and share it with everyone! Why don’t you share your moments of catharsis with us? UPSC is not only about academics but personality as well. And your personality is shaped by the creativity that you possess. To know more about Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity' Initiative and the Previous Creative work -> CLICK HERE We encourage you to keep the comment section alive by sharing your talents and also by commenting and encouraging the talent of your peers. We are also going to be a regular visitor here and will keep on posting the creative works by our talented team members and staff. NOTE- You can also nominate by tagging anyone (if you know about the talent of your friend or anyone) 🙂 You can share your talent/creativity with us on support@iasbaba.com and ilp@iasbaba.com P.S: Kindly share it in a format that can be published on the website. We believe each one of you have some hidden talent. It’s time that you explore more about yourselves and remain positive throughout this journey. Make the best use of this opportunity! Thank You IASbaba

Apr 27, 2020 RSTV Video

Plasma Therapy for Covid-19 – COVID-19: India Fights Back – RSTV IAS UPSC

Plasma Therapy for Covid-19 Archives TOPIC: General Studies 2 Global Pandemic – COVID-19 General Studies 3: New technological development to fight COVID-19 The Convalescent Plasma Therapy for Covid-19 As COVID-19 continues to wreck havoc across the globe, scientists are racing to develop antidotes for the new coronavirus, which began infecting humans late last year. Scientists and researchers are exploring various avenues to come up with medical treatments that can fight the novel coronavirus. One such treatment that's in focus right now is Convalescent Plasma Therapy. The Convalescent Plasma Therapy aims at using the immune power gained by a recovered person to treat a sick person. What is convalescent-plasma therapy? When a pathogen like novel coronavirus infects, our immune systems produce antibodies. Like the police dogs, the antibodies span out to identify and mark the invading virus. White blood cells attach the identified intruders, and the body gets rid of the infection. The therapy, like blood transfusion, harvests the antibody from a recovered patient and ingest into a sick person. Helped by the antibody, the immune system mounts robust combat on the virus. What are antibodies? Antibodies are one of the front-line immune response to an infection by a microbe. They are a particular type of proteins secreted by immune cells called B lymphocytes when they encounter an invader, such as a novel coronavirus. The immune system designs antibodies that are highly specific to each invading pathogen. A particular antibody and its partner virus are made for each other. How the treatment is given? Blood is drawn from a person who has recovered from COVID-19 sickness. The serum is separated and screened for virus-neutralizing antibodies. Convalescent serum, that is the blood serum obtained from one who has recovered from an infectious disease and especially rich in antibodies for that pathogen, is then administered to a COVID-19 patient. The sick acquires passive immunisation. Potential donor would be examined before the blood serum is extracted and given to a sick person. First, the swab test must be negative and the potential donor has to be declared as cured. Then the recovered person has to wait for two weeks. Or else the potential donor should be asymptomatic for at least 28 days. Either of the two is mandatory How is it different from vaccination? This therapy is akin to passive immunization. When a vaccine is administrated, the immune system produces the antibodies. Thus, in a later date, when the vaccinated person is infected by that pathogen, the immune system releases the antibodies and neutralise the infection. Vaccination provides lifelong immunity. In the case of passive antibody therapy, the effect lasts only up to the time the antibodies injected remain the bloodstream. The protection given is temporary. Is it effective? We have effective antibiotics against bacterial infection. However, we do not have effective antivirals. Whenever a new viral outbreak takes places, there are no drugs to treat it. Hence, the convalescent serum has been used during past viral epidemics. During the outbreak of 2009–2010 H1N1 influenza virus pandemic, patients with an infection requiring intensive care were used. After the passive antibody treatment, the serum-treated individuals showed clinical improvement. The viral burden reduced, and the death rate could be lowered. The procedure was also useful during the Ebola outbreak in 2018. Is it safe? With modern blood banking techniques that screen for blood-borne pathogens is robust. It is not difficult to match the blood type of donors and recipients. Therefore the risks of inadvertently transferring known infectious agents or triggering transfusion reactions are low. How long the antibodies will remain in the recipient? After the antibody serum is given, it will stay on the recipient for at least three to four days. During this period, the sick person will recover. Research reports from the USA and China indicate that the beneficial effect of transfusion plasma is obtained in the first three to four days and not later. What are the Challenges? This therapy is not simple to harness, primarily due to the difficulty of obtaining significant amounts of plasma from survivors. In diseases like COVID-19, where most of the victims are aged, suffering from other medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and so on, not all recovered patients can volunteer to donate blood. Must Read: COVID-19: Need for a Social Vaccine Connecting the Dots: What is convalescent plasma therapy is? Enumerate on the benefits and risks involved. Explain the working mechanism behind convalescent-plasma therapy.

Apr 27, 2020 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 27th April 2020

IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 27th April 2020 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Hydrogen fuel based buses and cars: Expression of Interest issued by NTPC Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Environment; Science and Technology In News: NTPC Ltd, has invited Global Expression of Interest (EoI) to provide Hydrogen Fuel Cell (FC) based electric buses and electric cars in Leh and Delhi. NTPC Ltd. Is India's largest power producer and a central PSU under Ministry of Power. Key takeaways: The move to procure Hydrogen Fuel Cell based vehicles is first of its kind project in the country. Under this project, a complete solution from green energy to the fuel cell vehicle would be developed. The initiative has been undertaken with support of Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. The initiative will also harness renewable energy for generation of hydrogen and develop its storage and dispensation facilities at Leh and Delhi. The project aims at reducing carbon emissions from automobiles. Important value additions: Hydrogen Fuel Hydrogen does not occur free in nature in useful quantities. It can be made from natural gas or it can be made by passing electric current through water. When hydrogen is burned, it only emits water vapour and carbon dioxide (CO2) is not produced. It is more efficient than internal combustion engine. However, manufacturing hydrogen fuel based vehicle is still expensive. GW190412: Merger of two unequal-mass black holes. Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Space In News: The gravitational wave observatories at LIGO scientific collaboration have detected a merger of two unequal-mass black holes for the first time since it started functioning. Key takeaways: The event is dubbed as GW190412. It was detected nearly a year ago. The event involved two black holes of unequal masses combining together. One of the black holes was around 30 times the mass of the Sun and the other had a mass nearly 8 times the sun's mass. The actual merger took place at a distance of 2.5 billion light years away. Important value additions: The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) It is a large-scale physics experiment and observatory to detect cosmic gravitational waves and to develop gravitational-wave observations. It is the world's largest gravitational wave observatory. It consists of two detectors situated 1,865 miles (3,002 kilometers) apart in isolated regions in the states of Washington and Louisiana. Central Vigilance Commission: New commissioner appointed Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – Statutory Bodies In News: Retired bureaucrat Sanjay Kothari was sworn in as the next Central Vigilance Commissioner by President Ram Nath Kovind at an official oath-taking ceremony, recently. Important value additions: The Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) Background: It was set up by the Government in 1964 on the recommendations of the Committee on Prevention of Corruption, headed by K. Santhanam. Status: It is a statutory body governed by the Central Vigilance Commission Act 2003. Mandate: To inquire into offences which might have been committed under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 by certain categories of public servants. Composition: The Commission shall consist of a Central Vigilance Commissioner (Chairperson); and not more than two Vigilance Commissioners (Members). Appointment: They are appointed by the President of India on recommendation of a Committee consisting of the Prime Minister (Chairperson), the Minister of Home Affairs and the Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha. Miscellaneous Benzalkonium Chloride Most of the household cleaning agents consist of benzalkonium chloride solution. It is a chemical with antimicrobial properties acting against pathogens such as bacteria, fungi and viruses. It is primarily a skin irritant. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPC) classifies benzalkonium chlorides (BACs) in toxicity category II by oral and inhalation routes and category III via the dermal (skin) route. Access to COVID-19 Tools (ACT) Accelerators Many countries, industry groups, and NGOs have committed to join a project called Access to COVID-19 Tools led by the World Health Organization. It is a global collaboration to accelerate the development, production and equitable access to New COVID-19 diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines. (MAINS FOCUS) INTERNATIONAL/ SECURITY Topic: General Studies 2 & 3: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India India’s Security challenges At the edge of New Nuclear Arms Race Context: US State department in its reports have stated that Russia has conducted nuclear weapons experiments China might be conducting nuclear tests with low yields at its Lop Nur test site However, both Russia and China have rejected the U.S.’s claims What does these allegations by US suggest? Growing strategic competition between major powers Suggests the end of the CTBT that came into being in 1996 but has failed to enter into force even after a quarter century. What is CTBT (Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty)? CTBT is a global treaty that aims to ban all nuclear explosions across the world. It provides a legally binding norm against nuclear testing and was open for signature from 1996 However, the Treaty enters into force when 44 specific States signs and ratifies it. These States had nuclear facilities at that time & included India Till date, 36 have ratified the treaty. China, Egypt, Iran, Israel and the U.S. have signed but not ratified. India, North Korea and Pakistan have not yet signed the Treaty but all three have undertaken tests after 1996 Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization(CTBTO) It was founded in 1996 to promote the Treaty so that it can enter into force. It also establishes a verification regime to monitor adherence to the Treaty. The CTBT verification includes International Monitoring System (IMS), International Data Centre (IDC) On-site inspections (OSI). Criticism of the Treaty Defining the “comprehensive test ban” as a “zero yield” test ban that would prohibit supercritical hydro-nuclear tests but not sub-critical hydrodynamic nuclear tests. Anchoring the CTBT in a disarmament framework, as proposed by India, was not accepted The treaty’s entry-into-force- provisions, which listed 44 countries by name, was protested by India as arm-twisting tactic and violation of Sovereign right of India CTBTO is largely funded by US and unable to promote the treaty effectively. Recent trends in Nuclear Arms The New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START) that limits U.S. and Russian arsenals will expire in 2021 and US is not inclined to extend it US has embarked on a $1.2 trillion nuclear modernisation plan spanning 30 years China has also embarked on modernisation plan to enhance the lifespane of its smaller nuclear arsenal Russia has responded by developing hypersonic delivery systems Potential for a New Arms race US wants to China into some kind of nuclear arms control agreement But China is not interested by pointing to the fact that the U.S. and Russia still account for over 90% of global nuclear arsenals. China also maintains that it will ratify CTBT only after the U.S. This indicates the increasing divergence between US and China - trade and technology disputes, militarisation in the South China Sea and coronavirus pandemic. U.S. could also be preparing the ground for resuming nuclear testing at Nevada indicating the beginning of new arms race Conclusion The developments between US and China could be the signs for a new cold war Connecting the dots: India’s Nuclear Doctrine India’s attempt to become a member of Nuclear Supplier Group GOVERNANCE/ FEDERALISM/ ECONOMY Topic: General Studies 2 & 3: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources Institutional challenges to migrants’ welfare Context: The relief package announced by Union Government directed States to provide relief to Construction workers using provisions under Building and Other Construction Workers Act(BOCW), 1996. What is BOCW Act? The Act regulates the employment and conditions of service of building and other construction workers. It provides for the levy and collection of cess at 1-2 % of the cost of construction, as the Central government may notify. The cess is collected by the State governments and UTs. It is utilised for the welfare of building and other construction workers by the respective State BOCW Boards. Presently Rs 31,000 crore of funds is available with such welfare boards Therefore, the basic framework of the governance is States collect a cess from construction projects, register construction workers, and design schemes to use the funds collected for their welfare. Constraints to provide assistance to casual workers during this pandemic Dependent on Formalisation: Only registered construction workers benefit from the welfare schemes Low worker registrations- As of end-2018, according to Union Labour Ministry only 3.24 crore workers were registered across India, which represented about 60% of the construction workforce in India Low Awareness among the workers and their organisations about the benefits which can be availed through such legislation Limited State capacity for expenditure Chhattisgarh’s board would go bankrupt if they paid workers the central minimum daily NREGA wage of Rs 202 for the lockdown period Significant variations across states Six states—Tamil Nadu, UP, MP, Odisha, Rajasthan and West Bengal—have 54% of the registered workforce, but only 32% of cess funds collected. Issues of interstate migrants They constitute 42.7% of the urban construction workforce (Census 2001) State BOCW Boards are reluctant to register migrants due to lack of political incentives Way Ahead Centre can use the expertise of the Central BOCW Advisory Committee to play a proactive role in coordinating amongst states Centre can facilitate sharing beneficiary lists and funds between these states through interstate MoU States—labour departments and welfare boards- need to improve the registration process. The quarantine camps for migrants are an opportunity to disseminate information, and even register such workers by utilizing the services of Civil Society groups. Connecting the dots: Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 Farmers distress during Pandemic (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Comments Up-voted by IASbaba are also the “correct answers”. Q.1 The event GW190412 is associated with which of the following? Merger of two galaxies Merger of two equal-mass black holes Merger of two unequal-mass black holes Merger of two dwarf planets Q.2 Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerators is led by which of the following? World Health Organisation United Nations Human Rights Commission Bill Gates Foundation UNICEF Q.3 Consider the following statements regarding Benzalkonium Chloride? It acts only against the bacteria. It is a skin irritant. Which of the above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.4 Consider the following statements regarding Central Vigilance Commission? The Commissioner is appointed by the President of India. It is a non-statutory body. Which of the above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.5 Consider the following statements regarding hydrogen fuel? It is less efficient than internal combustion engine. The manufacture of hydrogen fuel is expensive. Which of the above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 ANSWERS FOR 25th April 2020 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 C 2 D 3 A 4 A Must Read About values in times of Crisis: The Hindu About protecting the poor from becoming poorer: The Hindu About need for investing in Eastern India post crisis: The Indian Express

Apr 27, 2020 PIB

Press Information Bureau (PIB) IAS UPSC – 13th April to 19th April – 2020

Press Information Bureau (PIB) IAS UPSC – 13th April to 19th April – 2020 ARCHIVES GS-2 Video Conference of the Health Ministers of G20 countries (Topic: Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate) Hallmark of India’s approach has been fivefold: (i) Maintaining a continuous situation awareness (ii) Pre-emptive and proactive approach (iii) Graded response as per continuously evolving scenario (iv) Inter-sectoral coordination at all levels (v) Creating a people’s movement to combat this disease India has the requisite national core capacities stipulated in the International Health Regulations to manage public health emergencies – The Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP), which is a nation-wide surveillance system for epidemic prone diseases has been activated towards COVID response, and is being further strengthened with substantive digital inputs. Exclusive infrastructure for management of COVID patients: To avoid intermingling of COVID patients. All the people who are tested positive are treated in one of three types of dedicated COVID management Centres: COVID Care Centres (CCCs) for mild symptomatic cases COVID Health Centres (CHCs) for moderate cases COVID Hospitals (CHs) for severe cases These dedicated COVID facilities are mapped to each other in the design of a referral network architecture for dynamic movement of patients as symptoms evolve, so that optimal clinical care can be provided timely, commensurate to symptoms. G20: An international forum for the governments of 19 countries and the European Union (EU). The 19-member countries of G20: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Germany, France, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America and India. Movement of stranded Migrant Labourers (Topic: COVID-19 crisis) Due to the spread of COVID-19 virus, workers employed in industry, agriculture, construction and other sectors have moved from their respective places of work, and are housed in relief/ shelter camps being run by State/ UT Governments. Since additional new activities, outside the containment zones, have been permitted in the consolidated revised guidelines with effect from 20th April 2020, these workers could be engaged in industrial, manufacturing, construction, farming and MNREGA works. In order to facilitate their movement within the State/UT, the following guidelines may be followed: The migrant labourers currently residing in relief/ shelter camps in States/UTs should be registered with the concerned local Authority and their skill mapping be carried out to find out their suitability for various kinds of works. In the event, that a group of migrants wish to return to their places of work, within the State where they are presently located, they would be screened and those who are asymptomatic would be transported to their respective places of work. There shall be no movement of labour outside the State/UT where they are currently located. During the journey by bus, it would be ensured that safe social distancing norms are followed and the buses used for transport are sanitized as per the guidelines of the Health authorities. The local authorities shall also provide for food and water etc., for the duration of their journey. Harnessing the power of technology for e-learning (Topic: Learning in the times of COVID-19 crisis) With the possibility of shutdowns in certain countries going into months, students will need to be given learning environments where knowledge distribution is regulated, graded and personalised. Schools have been shut to prevent the spread of the virus and this has given way to online classrooms, a very new concept in India even for the most sophisticated schools. A lot of schools across the world have already started taking academic activities online — setting up classrooms, sending notes and sharing assignment prompts — many through free apps and some through customised learning management systems. Information, Interaction and Self-Study There are three sides to the act of schooling: information, interaction and self-study. Information: The Google revolution has empowered us with a lot of information and provided access to teaching and learning mechanisms across the world. These help teachers prepare and integrate the learning schemes of much of the world better. Self-study: Students now have access to materials much beyond their text and notebooks for better understanding and revision. Getting good material only requires orientation and cultivating of online surfing around studies, and a provision of time for such works. Interaction: The real dilemma lies here - teacher-student interaction, where cyber technology has a crucial role when schools are not functioning regularly. Online classrooms, starting from Google Classrooms, Zoom, Skype, Electa, Goto Meeting, Tokbox (Vonage) are supposed to stand in here. A lot of things that are taken care of unknowingly in classrooms will need to be planned into the online scheme: lessons have to be broken down to smaller units, key takeaways in each section have to be identified and spelled out, everyday small little online tests have to be made available so that students get a concrete idea about the interaction, videos and notes have to be given for clarity and revision. Disadvantages: Teachers do find the absence of a blackboard a disadvantage and network connectivity a constant problem. Many students have not been able to take advantage of the virtual platform because they do not have a suitable device at home or lack a good internet connection. GS-3 Four Years of National Agriculture Market portal – e-NAM (Topic: Agriculture and market) e-NAM is an innovative initiative in agricultural marketing to Enhance farmers accessibility digitally to multiple number of markets & buyers To bring transparency in trade transactions with the intent to improve price discovery mechanism, quality commensurate price realization To develop the concept of One Nation One Market for agriculture produce Reach: Today, it has reached 585 mandis across 16 States and 02 UTs. More than 1.66 crore farmers and 1.28 Lakh traders registered on e-NAM platform. Measures taken during lockdown period: Created an interface with large transport aggregators that would help traders to find and arrange timely movement of produces from mandi to various other locations. With this interface, Traders would be able to access more than 7.76 lakh trucks through eNAM Platform. Coming up e-NAM is being expanded to cover additional 415 mandis which will take the total number of e-NAM mandis to 1000 soon. The online platform will prove to be a giant leap in reforming the agriculture market in India. Solve: What is e-NAM? Discuss its features. Initiatives of Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare (Topic: Agriculture in the times of COVID-19 crisis) Aim: To promote farming and allied sectors during lockdown During Rabi season 2020, NAFED has procured 1,21,883 MT Pulses and Oilseeds on MSP for an amount of Rs. 596 crore, which has benefitted 89,145 farmers. Under the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana (PM-GKY) about 88,234.56 MT of pulses has been dispatched for delivery to the States/UTs. Under Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) Scheme, about 8.78 crore farmer families have been benefitted and an amount of Rs. 17,551 crore has been released so far. Launched “Kisan Rath” App to ensure smooth and seamless supply linkages between farmers, warehouses, FPOs, APMC mandis and intra-State & inter-State buyers and help in reduction of food wastage by providing timely services. All these will contribute in better prices for perishable commodities. Issues discussed in a meeting to assess the problems being faced by the exporters of agriculture and allied commodities – Availability and movement of labour Bottlenecks in inter-state transport Shortage of raw materials Phyto-sanitary certification Closure of courier services Availability of freight services Access to ports/yards and clearance of goods for imports/exports Note: Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) Scheme: The scheme aims to supplement the financial needs of the farmers in procuring various inputs to ensure proper crop health and appropriate yields, commensurate with the anticipated farm income. Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package In order to ensure that weaker sections of the society continue to get the basis amenities and do not get impacted during the lock down period due to COVID 19, Rs 1.70 lakh crore Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package (PMGKP) was announced to protect such people from the impact of the lockdown. Free food grains and cash payment to women and poor senior citizens and farmers. Fintech and digital technology have been employed for swift and efficient transfer to the beneficiary. Direct benefit transfer, i.e. transfer that ensures that the amount is directly credited into the account of the beneficiary, eliminates leakage and improves efficiency has been employed. This has also ensured credit to the beneficiary’s account without the need for the beneficiary to physically go to the branch. Progress so far: More than 32crore poor people received financial assistance of Rs 29,352 crore under the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package 5.29 Crore beneficiaries distributed free ration of food grains under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana 97.8 Lakh free Ujjwala cylinders delivered RBI Announces Nine Measures to Revive the Struggling Domestic Economy (Topic: Measures to revive the economy during COVID-19 crisis) “…In the midst of death life persists, in the midst of untruth truth persists, in the midst of darkness light persists.” – Mahatma Gandhi, during his famous Kingsley Hall, London address in October 1931. The additional measures are aimed to: Maintain adequate liquidity in the system and its constituents in the face of COVID-19 related dislocations Facilitate and incentivise bank credit flows Ease financial stress, and Enable the normal functioning of markets The Measures Liquidity Management 1) Targeted Long-Term Operations (TLTRO) 2.0: A second set of targeted long-term repo operations (TLTRO 2.0) for an initial aggregate amount of Rs. 50,000 crore will be conducted to facilitate funds flow to small and mid-sized corporates, including NBFCs and MFIs, who have been more severely impacted by the disruptions due to COVID-19. The funds availed by banks under TLTRO 2.0 should be invested in investment grade bonds, commercial paper, and non-convertible debentures of non-banking financial companies (NBFCs), with at least 50 per cent of the total amount availed going to small and mid-sized NBFCs and micro finance institutions (MFIs). 2) Refinancing Facilities for All India Financial Institutions Special refinance facilities for a total amount of Rs. 50,000 crore will be provided to National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD), the Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) and the National Housing Bank (NHB) to enable them to meet sectoral credit needs. This will comprise Rs. 25,000 crore to NABARD for refinancing regional rural banks (RRBs), cooperative banks and micro finance institutions (MFIs); Rs. 15,000 crore to SIDBI for on-lending / refinancing; and Rs. 10,000 crore to NHB for supporting housing finance companies (HFCs). Advances under this facility will be charged at the RBI’s policy repo rate at the time of availment, in order to enable them to provide credit at rates affordable for their borrowers. 3) Reduction of Reverse Repo Rate under Liquidity Adjustment Facility Reverse repo rate has been reduced by 25 basis points from 4.0% to 3.75% with immediate effect, in order to encourage banks to deploy surplus funds in investments and loans in productive sectors of the economy. What is reverse repo rate: The interest offered by the RBI to banks who deposit funds into the treasury. 4) Raising Limit of Ways and Means Advances of states and UTs Ways and Means Advances (WMAs) Limit of states and union territories has been increased by 60% over and above the limit, in order to provide greater comfort to states for undertaking COVID-19 containment and mitigation efforts, and also to help them plan their market borrowing programmes better. The increased limit will be available till September 30, 2020. What are WMAs: These are temporary loan facilities provided by RBI to help governments tide over temporary mismatches in receipts and expenditure. Regulatory Measures To lessen debtors’ burden in wake of the pandemic 5) Asset Classification The moratorium period will be excluded while considering 90-day NPA norm for those accounts for which lending institutions decide to grant moratorium or deferment and which were standard as on March 1, 2020. This means that there will be an asset classification standstill for such accounts from March 1 - May 31, 2020. NBFCs will have the flexibility under the prescribed accounting standards to provide such relief to their borrowers. Simultaneously, banks have been asked to maintain higher provision of 10% on all accounts whose classification has been put on a standstill as above, so that banks maintain sufficient buffers What are Non-performing Assets: A classification for loans or advances that are in default or in arrears. A loan is in arrears when principal or interest payments are late or missed. A loan is in default when the lender considers the loan agreement to be broken and the debtor is unable to meet his obligations. Solve: Why are NPAs detrimental for the economy? Examine. 6) Extension of Resolution Timeline Recognizing challenges to resolution of stressed assets or accounts which are or are likely to become NPAs, the period for implementation of resolution plan has been extended by 90 days. Currently, scheduled commercial banks and other financial institutions are required to hold an additional provision of 20 per cent if a resolution plan has not been implemented within 210 days from the date of such default. 7) Distribution of Dividend Scheduled commercial banks and cooperative banks shall not make any further dividend pay-outs from profits pertaining to FY 2019-20; the decision will be reviewed based on the financial position of banks at the end of the second quarter of the financial year 2019-20. This has been done in order to enable banks to conserve capital so that they can retain their capacity to support the economy and absorb losses in an environment of heightened uncertainty. 8) Lowering of Liquidity Coverage Ratio requirement To improve the liquidity position for individual institutions, Liquidity Coverage Ratio requirement for scheduled commercial banks has been brought down from 100% to 80% with immediate effect. This will be gradually restored in two phases - 90% by October 1, 2020 and 100% by April 1, 2021. 9) NBFC Loans to Commercial Real Estate Projects The treatment available for loans to commercial real estate projects with respect to the date for commencement for commercial operations (DCCO) has been extended to NBFCs, in order to provide relief to both NBFCs and the real estate sector. As per the current guidelines, DCCO in respect of loans to commercial real estate projects delayed due to reasons beyond the control of promoters can be extended by an additional one year, over and above the one-year extension permitted in normal course, without treating the same as restructuring. Government amends the extant FDI policy (Topic: FDI during COVID-19 crisis) Objective: To curb opportunistic takeovers/acquisitions of Indian companies due to the current COVID-19 pandemic and amended para 3.1.1 of extant FDI policy as contained in Consolidated FDI Policy, 2017. Present Position: A non-resident entity can invest in India, subject to the FDI Policy except in those sectors/activities which are prohibited. However, a citizen of Bangladesh or an entity incorporated in Bangladesh can invest only under the Government route. Further, a citizen of Pakistan or an entity incorporated in Pakistan can invest, only under the Government route, in sectors/activities other than defence, space, atomic energy and sectors/activities prohibited for foreign investment. Revised Position – Para 3.1.1: 3.1.1(a): A non-resident entity can invest in India, subject to the FDI Policy except in those sectors/activities which are prohibited. However, an entity of a country, which shares land border with India or where the beneficial owner of an investment into India is situated in or is a citizen of any such country, can invest only under the Government route. Further, a citizen of Pakistan or an entity incorporated in Pakistan can invest, only under the Government route, in sectors/activities other than defence, space, atomic energy and sectors/activities prohibited for foreign investment. 3.1.1(b) In the event of the transfer of ownership of any existing or future FDI in an entity in India, directly or indirectly, resulting in the beneficial ownership falling within the restriction/purview of the para 3.1.1(a), such subsequent change in beneficial ownership will also require Government approval. MHA issues order to exempt certain activities in Rural Areas from Lockdown Restrictions to fight COVID-19 (Topic: Measures on rural economic activities during COVID-19 crisis) Collection, harvesting and processing of Minor Forest Produce (MFP)/ Non-timber Forest Produce (NTFP) by Scheduled Tribes and other forest dwellers in forest areas. Bamboo, coconut, arecanut, cocoa, spices plantations and their harvesting, processing, packaging, sale and marketing. Non-banking financial institutions (NBFCs) including Housing Finance Companies (HFCs) and Micro Finance Companies (NBFC--MFIs), with bare minimum staff. Cooperative Credit Societies. Construction activities in rural areas to include water supply and sanitation , laying/erection of power transmission lines and laying of telecom optical fiber and cable along with related activities. Note: Minor Forest Produce (MFP) Section 2(i) of the Forest Rights Act defines a Minor Forest Produce (MFP) as all non-timber forest produce of plant origin and includes bamboo, brushwood, stumps, canes, cocoon, honey, waxes, Lac, tendu/kendu leaves, medicinal plants etc. The definition of “minor forest produce” includes bamboo and cane, thereby changing the categorization of bamboo and cane as “trees” under the Indian Forest Act 1927. Minimum Support Price for Minor Forest Produce Scheme The scheme for forest produce has been started with following objectives: To provide fair price to the MFP gatherers and enhance their income level. To ensure sustainable harvesting of MFPs. To ensure huge social dividend for MFP gatherers, majority of whom are tribals. Earlier, the scheme was only implemented in States having Schedule areas as listed in the Fifth Schedule of the constitution of India. Since 2016, the scheme is applicable in all States. Key amendment to Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification 2006 (Topic: Environment Impact Assessment) Aim: To address unprecedented situation arising from global outbreak of Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19), and to ramp up availability or production of various drugs All projects or activities in respect of bulk drugs and intermediates, manufactured for addressing various ailments, have been re-categorized from the existing Category ‘A’ to ‘B2’ category. Projects falling under Category B2 are exempted from requirement of collection of Base line data, EIA Studies and public consultation. Technological Development in the Times of COVID-19 How a creative team of clinicians and scientists working together seamlessly can leverage knowledge and infrastructure to make relevant breakthroughs A. Development of Integrated geospatial platform Aim: To help decision making during the current COVID-19 outbreak and aid devising area-specific strategies to handle the socio-economic impact in the recovery phase. By: The Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India This integrated geospatial platform will strengthen the Nation’s health emergency management due to the COVID-19 outbreak and support the socio-economic recovery process through the seamless provision of spatial data, information, and linkage between human, medical, technological, infrastructural and natural resources. This mobile application will complement the “AAROGYA-SETU” mobile application – for Contact tracing, Public awareness, and Self-assessment objectives B. Pusa Decontamination and Sanitizing Tunnel Developed by: Division of Agricultural Engineering, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi The sanitization protocol includes hand washing with foot-operated soap and water dispenser and fogging in a sanitizing tunnel for 20 seconds. In this tunnel, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QAC) are used at concentration of 0.045% C. Chitra GeneLAMP-N makes confirmatory tests results of COVID 19 possible in 2 hours Detects the N Gene of SARS- COV2 using reverse transcriptase loop-mediated amplification of viral nucleic acid (RT-LAMP) The test kit is highly specific for SARS-CoV-2 N-gene and can detect two regions of the gene, which will ensure that the test does not fail even if one region of the viral gene undergoes mutation during its current spread. The tests performed at NIV Alappuzha (authorized by ICMR) show that Chitra GeneLAMP- N has 100% accuracy and match with test results using RT-PCR. D. Inactivated virus vaccine in focus for novel coronavirus By: Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) Inactivated vaccines are known for their safety and easy production. The mechanism: Active virus is cultured in large numbers and then killed either by a chemical or heat. Although the pathogen is killed, or made to lose its reproduction capacity, various parts of the virus are intact. For example, the spike protein with which it enters the cells. The antigen (the chemical structure) that is recognised by the immune system is left unimpaired. When this dead microbe is introduced, the immune system is tricked to respond by producing antibodies against specific antigens still left intact, without knowing that the pathogen is dud. Inactivated polio vaccine and the rabies vaccines are made this way. As the pathogen is dead, it cannot reproduce nor cause even a mild disease. Thus, it is safe to administer to even people with lesser immunity, like the old and those who have co-morbidity. The challenge: Culturing the virus outside of the human host As the novel coronavirus has evolved to life on human cells, especially in cells with active ACE2 receptors, locating the right source of the cell line to culture the virus outside of the human body is key to this technology. CCMB is using the epithelial cell line from African green monkey grown in Petri dish to artificially culture and harvest the deadly virus. A few more options of cell lines will be explored to find the right one on which the novel coronavirus can infect, grow and multiply. The cells will be observed and if the cells show changes, including dying of cells and release of the virus, then the culture is positive. The novel coronavirus grown in the cell culture will be harvested, inactivated and the vaccine would be developed. Finding a right cell culture technology for the novel coronavirus will also help in drug development. Once a virus infects the cells, the potential drug candidate can be tested against the same. E. CeNS develops TriboE masks These masks can hold electric charges to restrict the entry of infections but interestingly, without any external power. When two non-conducting layers are rubbed against each other, the layers develop positive and negative charges instantly and continue to hold the charges for some time. They have used this electric field, quite strong at proximity, to deactivate or possibly even kill the germs. F. CSIR-CFTRI’s protein-enriched biscuits The biscuits contain 14% of protein while usual biscuits contain around 8-9% protein. The enriched biscuits will provide protein needed for recuperating patients Other Technological Developments (Topic: Technology) A. Development of a portable sensor to ease heavy metal detection in water especially in rural areas By: Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences (CeNS) Why is it important? Heavy metal ions such as lead, mercury and cadmium pose severe potential threats to living beings as they can easily be accumulated in the body and cannot be detoxified by any chemical or biological processes. Heavy metals cause a number of distress HEAVY METAL SOURCES HEALTH EFFECTS LEAD Mining, coal, automobile,paper, dyeing,petrochemicals, etc. Learning disability;mental retardation CHROMIUM Leather/tannery, thermal power plants, mining fertilisers, textile, photography Bronchial asthma, allergies, CADMIUM Coal, nuclear and coal power plants,batteries, ceramics, toys Itai Itai disease (fragile bones) NICKEL Mining, coal power plants,phosphate fertiliser, chocolate, automobile, electroplating Dermatitis, pneumonia MERCURY Mining, paper and pulp, coal power plants, cement, pesticides, cosmetics Minimata disease (disorder of the nervous system) ZINC Phosphate fertilisers, distillery,pharmaceuticals Fever IRON Coal mining, Skin becomes sensitive to light Source: DownToEarth B. Stable material for organic pseudocapacitor can offer a low-cost scalable energy storage solution By: Scientists at the Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Mohali, an autonomous institute under the Department of Science & Technology, Govt. of India What is it: A stable material for pseudocapacitors or supercapacitors which store electrical energy by electron charge transfer. The material can offer a low-cost scalable energy storage solution as an alternative to batteries. Can serve as a universal approach and as a model system for organic-inorganic hybrid xerogel pseudocapacitors. Will offer new insights into improving the long-standing issue of stability and inferior power output of pseudocapacitors. It can promote future research in the field of organic pseudocapacitors and provide an effective strategy to facilitate progress towards self-sustaining energy future. Pseudocapacitors are a type of supercapacitors which store electrical energy by electron charge transfer. C. Development of a substrate (the surface or material on which an organism lives, grows) for optical sensing applications using a gold nanostructure Substrate: The surface or material on which an organism lives, grows By: Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences (CeNS) Such substrates are sensitive to change in the refractive index of the surrounding medium and can detect biologically important molecules and chemicals in the laboratory. The substrate has potential applications in chemical sensing and can help one to follow up the kinetics of a reaction as in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To put it into perspective: We often encounter vivid and vibrant colours in plants animals and in other natural phenomena. Colours which we see can also arise from the interaction of light with the smallest building blocks of matter. Then the question arises, can we change properties (colour) of matter by shrinking it? The answer is, yes. It was first discovered by Michael Faraday that on reducing the size of the gold particle to the nanometer, its colour changes to red from its familiar metallic yellow. When light interacts with free electrons in a metal, it generates collective oscillation of free electrons known as surface plasmons. D. IIA scientists connect Lithium abundance in interstellar space to new Lithium rich red giants Researchers have discovered hundreds of Li-rich giant stars indicating that Li is being produced in the stars and accounts for its abundance in the interstellar medium. They have also associated such Li enhancement with central He-burning stars, also known as red clump giants, thereby opening up new vistas in the evolution of the red giant stars. E. ARI researchers develop bug sniffer for efficient detection of pathogens Developed a sensitive and low-cost sensor to rapidly detect bacteria - a biosensor that uses synthetic peptides, magnetic nanoparticles, and quantum dots to detect the presence of bacteria, providing a cost- and time-effective way of screening water and foodborne pathogens The portable device can detect as low as ten bacterial cells from a sample size of one milliliter in just 30 minutes. At present, they are working on a method for simultaneous separation and detection of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. F. Gamma-ray flux variability of luminous and high energy blazars: clues to blazar emission mechanisms At the center of most galaxies, there’s a massive black hole that can have mass of millions or even billions of Suns that accrete gas, dust, and stellar debris around it. As these material falls towards the black hole, their gravitational energy gets converted to light forming active galactic nuclei (AGN). A minority of AGN (~15%) emit collimated charged particles called jets travelling at speeds close to the speed of light. Blazars are AGN whose jets are aligned with the observer’s line of sight. Some blazars are thought to host binary black holes in them and could be potential targets for future gravitational-wave searches. Conducted the first systematic study on the gamma-ray flux variability nature on different types of blazars which could provide clues to the processes happening close to the black hole, not visible through direct imaging. Note: National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) of India India houses a repository of unique Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) traditions, 13 of which have also been recognized by UNESCO as Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. This initiative is also a part of the Vision 2024 of the Ministry of Culture. Following UNESCO’s 2003 Convention for Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, this list has been classified into five broad domains in which intangible cultural heritage is manifested: Oral traditions and expressions, including language as a vehicle of the intangible cultural heritage Performing arts Social practices, rituals and festive events Knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe Traditional craftsmanship Read the list here: Link to the Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) of India Science-based website on COVID 19 – CovidGyan: The topics covered range from the exact behaviour of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), transmission dynamics of the Corona flu and its diagnostics to innovative technologies to scale up the fight, means of coping up with physical distancing, and critical assessment of communications. The initiative is the brainchild of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), and Tata Memorial Centre (TMC). Ministry of Tourism has launched "DekhoApnaDesh" webinar series: To provide information on the many destinations and the sheer depth and expanse of the culture and heritage of our Incredible India. Supply of non-essential goods by e-commerce companies will remain prohibited during lockdown. SHG women A. Working as Business Correspondents for banks - Bank Sakhis The Union Government had announced release of 500/- per month for 3 months in 20.39 Crore Women PMJDY accounts, and has also released other DBT funds like Rs.2000/- to PM Kisan Yojana accounts, MGNREGA wages payments to all rural population to address the financial stress being faced by the community. In most of the cases, the services of BC Sakhis (SHG women working as Business Corresspondents for banks) were utilized for making payments to the rural households. Out of around 8800 BC Sakhi and 21600 Bank Sakhi, around 50% of both cadre voluntarily started working amidst lockdown across the country right from Assam, Mizoram, Sikkim, Manipur to Bihar, Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh & Tamil nadu. Supporting Bank Branch Managers in managing rush at branches during DBT payment Ensuring social distancing of customers by creating awareness among rural community Ensuring the disbursement of financial relief packages provided by Government of India. Bank Sakhi has become a focal point person in disseminating information regarding the financial relief packages announced by the Government of India in the rural areas, through which financial provisions laid down under PMGKY, PM Kisan and MGNREGS reach the population during COVID-19 pandemic. B. Ensure access to essential nutrition and health services amidst Lockdown Supporting the supply of PDS by collecting ration supply using the cards and distributing them to the cardholders to prevent crowding of PDS shops. In Odisha and Chhattisgarh, SHGs have also utilised the Vulnerability Reduction Fund (VRF) to ensure adolescent girls have access to enough clean pads. Supporting front line health workers in the delivery of essential child, maternal & adolescent health and nutrition-related entitlements. This also includes Antenatal and Post Natal Care services and micronutrient supplementation via IFA tablets. Case Study: Surat evolves Rapid Crisis Management Plan under SBM-Urban Surat, also known as the ‘diamond city’, has shown a SMART spirit in protecting and serving its citizens better by developing and implementing a rapid crisis management plan which became a blueprint for the state government of Gujarat to follow. SMC adopted three-pronged approach which they call “3-T Strategy” - Track, Test and Treat to fight against COVID-19 Tracking: SMC developed ‘SMC COVID-19 Tracker System’ within the span of 5 days, which includes a web portal and mobile application named “SMC COVID-19 Tracker” to track people who have abroad or inter-state travel history and persons who have come in direct contact with positive COVID-19 individual. Further, SMC has also started a helpline number 1800-123-800 where citizen can share details about travelers or suspects, verified by SMC team including health officials. The same app is also used to observe individuals under quarantine and contact them if any of them develop any symptoms. Paying special attention that the routine solid waste collection, transportation and disposal activities along with cleaning and scrapping are carried out efficiently to keep the city clean. Testing and Treatment Identified a taskforce team and specific tasks including training with nodal officers have been assigned for the combating epidemic situation. SMC has also put a Grievances Redressal system in place for quick response in the current situation. Keeping the health and welfare of sanitation workers in mind, SMC has made available free-of-cost Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to all the personnel involved, thus exhibiting their resolve for protecting the Swachhata Warriors on the forefront of this combat against corona virus.