Apr 30, 2020 PIB

Press Information Bureau (PIB) IAS UPSC – 20th April to 26th April – 2020

Press Information Bureau (PIB) IAS UPSC – 20th April to 26th April – 2020 ARCHIVES GS-2 Promulgation of an Ordinance to amend the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897 in the light of the pandemic situation of COVID-19 (Topic: Governance) Background: During the current COVID-19 pandemic, there have been instances of  Attack on the most critical service providers i.e. members of healthcare services by miscreants, thereby obstructing them from doing their duties Members of the medical community are being perceived as carriers of the virus, and this has led to cases of their stigmatization and ostracization and sometimes worse, acts of unwarranted violence and harassment.   Several States have enacted special laws to offer protection to doctors and other medical personnel in the past. However, Covid-19 outbreak has posed a unique situation where harassment of the healthcare workforce and others working to contain the spread of the disease has been taking place at all fronts, in various places including even cremation grounds.  In this context, the Union Cabinet has approved promulgation of an Ordinance to amend the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897 to protect healthcare service personnel and property including their living/working premises against violence during epidemics. The President has given his assent for promulgation of the Ordinance.  The ordinance makes acts of violence against the healthcare workers as cognizable and non-bailable offences. Under it, there is also a provision to provide compensation for injury to healthcare service personnel or for causing damage or loss to the property. The investigation into the cases of attack will be completed within 30 days and judgment will be pronounced within one year.  Accused of the attack can attract a punishment ranging from 3 months to 5 years and a fine from 50 thousand rupees to  2 lakh rupees.  A compensation amounting to twice the market value of the damaged property will be taken from the accused if damage is done to the vehicles or clinics. The current Ordinance is intended to ensure that during any situation akin to the current pandemic, there is zero tolerance to any form of violence against healthcare service personnel and damage to property. Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897 This law enables states to ban public gatherings, ask schools and large institutions to stop functioning, and issue advisories to companies to explore work-from-home models.   It also gives the state a right to penalise media organisations spreading misinformation.  For background and features, click here. What is an Ordinance? Ordinances are laws that are promulgated by the President of India on the recommendation of the Union Cabinet as per Article 123 of the Constitution. They can only be issued when Parliament is not in session. They enable the Indian government to take immediate legislative action. Ordinances cease to operate either if Parliament does not approve of them within six weeks of reassembly, or if disapproving resolutions are passed by both Houses. It is also compulsory for a session of Parliament to be held within six months. Governor can also promulgate an ordinance under Article 213. It however requires instructions from the President in cases where a passage of similar bill would have required the assent of President. Instances where ordinance can be used: It is meant as a last resort and not a tool to replace the power or functioning of Parliament. It can, generally, be issued only on pressing issues or issues that require immediate consideration that cannot wait for Parliament to assemble and consider the bill. Misuse: Ordinances are used by governments to pass legislation which is currently pending in Parliament, as was the case with the Food Security Ordinance Ordinances are promulgated when there is no consensus in the parliament. For E.g.: the ordinance on altering the Land Reforms Act. Re-promulgation: Re-promulgation of Ordinances raises questions about the authority of the Parliament as the highest law making body. In Wadhwa vs. State of Bihar (1986), the Supreme Court held that it is unconstitutional to re-promulgate ordinances without putting it to vote in the parliament. In the above instances, ordinances are being used to bypass legislature. However, following arguments show how it cannot effectively bypass legislature. Validity- Maximum validity for an ordinance is 6 months and 6 weeks. Restrictions- A constitutional amendment cannot be made through ordinance route. Judicial review- Re-promulgation of ordinance can be deemed unconstitutional by the court.  Not every law or major reforms can be introduced via ordinance route. In Krishna Kumar Singh vs. State of Bihar, SC held that the failure to place an ordinance before the legislature constitutes abuse of power and a fraud on the constitution Dr. BR Ambedkar had opined that the mechanism of issuing an ordinance is devised in order to deal with a situation that may suddenly and immediately arise when Parliament is not in session Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) Scheme (Topic: Government Schemes and policies) In News: Rs. 17,793 crores released for 8.89 crore farmer families during the lockdown Central Sector scheme with 100% funding from Government of India Under the scheme income support of Rs.6000/- per year in three equal instalments will be provided to small and marginal farmer families having combined land holding/ownership of up to 2 hectares Definition of the family for the scheme is husband, wife and minor children. State Government and UT Administration will identify the farmer families which are eligible for support as per scheme guidelines. The fund will be directly transferred to the bank accounts of the beneficiaries. Significance of PM KISAN Scheme Support to small and marginal farmers who are largely involved in subsistence farming and struggles to invest in agriculture inputs or technology, Boost the rural consumption and positive for agriculture and allied sectors. Poverty reduction: Cash transfer programmes are an important tool of social protection and poverty reduction. They have an immediate impact on reducing hunger and rural poverty. Better use: This can increase productive investment, increase access to markets and stimulate local economies. Income support can be used to make a repayment or at least activate a bank account which can then receive a loan. Rural development: It can serve as an important complement to a broader rural development agenda, including a pro-poor growth strategy focusing on agriculture. Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana (PM-GKY) (Topic: Government Schemes and policies) In News: In order to provide food security during the prevailing situation due to COVID-19 pandemic, the Government has decided to distribute pulses to the eligible households under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana (PM-GKY). About 107,077.85 MT pulses have so far been issued to the States/UTs. What: The ₹1.7 Lakh Crore relief package – named PMGKY- was announced by Union government to alleviate the distress caused by COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare Workers: Insurance cover of ₹50 lakh Food grains to Poor: 80 crore poor people under National Food Security Act will receive five extra kg of wheat or rice and 1 kg of pulses MGNREGA workers (13.63 crore): Wage increased from ₹182/day to ₹202/day Jan Dhan Women Account holders (20.4 crore): DBT of ₹500/ month for next three months  Senior Citizens, disabled & Poor widows (3 crore): Ex-gratia of ₹1000 (through existing pension schemes) Farmers (8.7 crore): Front loading of ₹2000 to them under existing PM Kisan Yojana Ujjwala Beneficiaries (8.3 crore): Free cylinders for next three months Wage earners: Those earning below ₹15000/month in firms having less than 100 workers will receive 24% of their monthly wages into their PF accounts for next three months Construction workers: Centre has directed States to use Construction worker’s welfare fund to give relief to 3.5 crore registered workers Strategy by Government: Government has followed two-pronged approach Ensuring a steady supply of food and cooking gas to poor people Easing cash woes of the vulnerable sections of society Fiscally prudent: By utilizing existing schemes funding for the package is kept within the budget so as to retain control over the deficit  Preserving Financial resources -Given the uncertainty over the length of crisis – government may announce future relief packages to adapt with changing situation Challenges: Modest cash transfer might not be enough given the drying up of incomes for the vulnerable sections of society Implementation issues: People may face difficulties to draw money from their accounts during the lockdown Migrant labourers may find difficulties to access the extra food grain announced Package does not address the challenges being faced by Informal MSMEs and other hard-hit sectors. GS-3 Crisis Management – COVID-19 A. Central Government constitutes 6 Inter-Ministerial Teams  To make assessment of situation and augment State efforts to fight and contain spread of COVID-19 effectively.  IMCTs to focus on complaints of implementation of lockdown measures as per guidelines, supply of essential commodities, social distancing, preparedness of health infrastructure, safety of health professionals and conditions of the relief camps for labour and poor people. The Committees have been constituted  by the Central Government in exercise of the powers, conferred, inter alia, under Section 35(1), 35(2)(a), 35(2)(e) and 35(2)(i) of the Disaster Management Act 2005. B. Surplus rice available with FCI allowed to be converted to ethanol For: Utilization in making alcohol-based hand-sanitizers and for blending in Petrol National Policy on Biofuels, 2018 under Para 5.3 inter-alia envisages that during an agriculture crop year when there is projected over supply of food grains as anticipated by the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, the policy will allow conversion of these surplus quantities of food grains to ethanol, based on the approval of National Biofuel Coordination Committee (NBCC). What is the Science behind it? Ethanol is considered an effective substance against a large spectrum of microorganisms which can linger on the skin. A 2004 study published in the Clinical Microbiology Reviews journal says the best antimicrobial efficacy can be achieved with ethanol (60-85%), isopropanol (60- 80%) and n-propanol (60-80%).  Alcohol attacks viruses and other disease-causing pathogens by damaging their cell structures. Some alcohols damage the layers that envelop the virus, while some just break down the cells.  The novel coronavirus, for instance, is an enveloped virus surrounded by a fat layer. Lipid membrane viruses—like the coronavirus—can be killed using alcohol-based disinfectants and hand sanitizers. They simply break down the membrane or the layer of fat, leaving the virus unable to infect an individual. C. CSIR supports efforts to develop a drug to save lives of critically ill patients suffering from Gram-negative sepsis CSIR, is now initiating a randomized, blinded, two arms, active comparator-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of the drug for reducing mortality (deaths) in critically ill COVID-19 patients The Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI) has approved the trial and it will start soon at multiple hospitals It is found to be extremely safe in patients and no systemic side effects are associated with its use. The drug has been shown to reduce the mortality of critically ill patients by more than half. It also leads to faster recovery of organ dysfunction seen in this condition. What happens in Gram-negative sepsis as well as in critically ill COVID-19 patients? There is an altered immune response leading to a massive change in their cytokine profile.  The drug modulates the immune system of the body and thereby inhibits the cytokine storm leading to reduced mortality and faster recovery. D. Cabinet approves Rs. 15,000 Crore for ''India COVID-19 Emergency Response and Health System Preparedness Package" Aim: Mounting emergency response to slow and limit COVID-19 in India through Development of diagnostics and COV1D-dedicated treatment facilities Centralized procurement of essential medical equipment and drugs required for treatment of infected patients Strengthen and build resilient National and State health systems to support prevention and preparedness for future disease outbreaks Setting up of laboratories Bolster surveillance activities, bio-security preparedness, pandemic research Proactively engage communities and conduct risk communication activities E. COVID India Seva: An interactive platform to establish a direct channel of communication with millions of Indians amid the pandemic This initiative is aimed at enabling transparent e-governance delivery in real-time and answering citizen queries swiftly, at scale, especially in crisis situations like the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.  Through this, people can pose queries @CovidIndiaSeva and get them responded to in almost real time. @CovidIndiaSeva works off a dashboard at the backend that helps process large volumes of tweets, converts them into resolvable tickets, and assigns them to the relevant authority for real-time resolution. F. First Mobile Testing Lab for COVID-19 detection Mobile Virology Research and Diagnostics Laboratory (MVRDL) developed by DRDO in association with ESIC Hospital, Hyderabad and Private industry Can process more than 1,000 samples in a day and will enhance country’s capabilities in fighting COVID19. G. Antiviral nano-coatings to be upscaled for making triple layer medical masks & N-95 respirator receives support to combat COVID 19: The use of highly effective antimicrobial nanoparticles on PPEs, masks etc., is a useful application that will provide an extra layer of protection for the high risk settings, such as for the medical workers H. Virucidal coating to prevent COVID transmission: The group will be extending their expertise on developing the molecules that will target the membranes of Covid-19 viral particles selectively. These molecules will then be used for engineering of different surfaces like glass, plastic and textiles including cotton, nylon, and polyester to provide virucidal coating that can potentially inhibit the viral transmission. I. Scientists working on anti COVID drugs using garlic essential oil: Under the Drug discovery platform, in turn, the research will explore separation of therapeutic and valuable medicinal components from the peel and seeds of fruits and utilisation of natural garlic essential oil as a ACE 2 protein inhibitor for preventing SARS-CoV-2 invasion. J. IIT Delhi develops low cost Probe-free Covid 19 detection assay - free Real-time PCR Diagnostic Kit: A testing kit which is at a very low cost for the people of India. The kit will not only empower healthcare services but also support the government in the time of crisis. K. UV disinfection trolley can effectively clean up hospital spaces in combating COVID-19 UV light in the range of wavelengths between 200 and 300 nm is capable of inactivating microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses, thus disinfecting both air and solid surfaces.  Often, chemical disinfectants are not enough to remove the bacteria and viruses found in hospitals and other contamination prone environment.  Rapid decontamination of the used patient-care beds and hospital rooms before admission of subsequent occupants is a major requirement in hospitals in view of the limited availability of beds. Coronavirus is sensitive to UVC light, as in the case of other viruses and bacteria.  The germicidal effects of UVC irradiation with a peak intensity at 254 nm results in cellular damage of the virus, thereby inhibiting cellular replication.  Unlike chemical approaches to disinfection, UV light provides rapid, effective inactivation of microorganisms through a physical process. L. Herbal decongestant spray on mask can protect from suffocation: Wearing a mask for a long time is reportedly causing difficulties in breathing and congestion in the respiratory system.  The main reasons behind this problem include the accumulation of carbon dioxide and humidity in the inner cavity of the mask. When a person breathes in, this goes back to the lungs again. Repetition of this process over a period of time causes discomfort in breathing and congestion.  To address this issue, a herbal decongestant spray has been developed. This formulation helps in clearing the wind pipe and congestion by removing the mucus or cough leading to ease of breathing M. DoPT’s online Corona course: https://igot.gov.in – The training contents of the course include  Basics of COVID Clinical management ICU care management Infection prevention and care Usage of PPE Quarantine and isolation Training for NCC cadets Management of COVID 19 cases Laboratory sample collection and testing Psychological care of patients Paediatric care in COVID Pregnancy during COVID New Technology (Topic: New developments in Technology) A. Fish gills used to develop efficient low-cost electro-catalysts for rechargeable metal-air battery This bio-inspired carbon nanostructure can help overcome the bottleneck in the realization of several renewable energy conversion and storage technologies such as fuel cell, biofuel cell, and metal−air battery. The present strategy enriches a route to synthesize low-cost, highly efficient bioinspired electrocatalyst that is better than commercial Platinum on carbon (Pt/C) catalyst and could be utilized as next-generation nonprecious carbon-based electrocatalyst for energy conversion and storage applications. B. New model to predict ionospheric electron density can help communication/navigation Artificial Neural Networks based global Ionospheric Model (ANNIM) has been developed using long-term ionospheric observations to predict the ionospheric electron density and the peak parameters ANNs replicate the processes in the human brain (or biological neurons) to solve problems such as pattern recognition, classification, clustering, generalization, linear and nonlinear data fitting, and time series prediction, and very few attempts have been made to model the global ionosphere variability using ANNs.  Tracking the variability of the Ionosphere is important for communication and navigation. The ionospheric variability is greatly influenced by both solar originated processes and the neutral atmosphere origin, therefore, difficult to model. Scientists have tried to model the ionosphere using theoretical and empirical techniques; however, the accurate prediction of electron density is still a challenging task. C. Development of ten varieties of Anthurium By: D Vasini Bai, a women innovator from Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala by using the cross-pollination method. Anthurium (Anthurium spp.) is a vast group of beautiful blooming plants available in a wide range of colors. The plants of the varieties are having high demands due to its use as indoor decorative plants. They are beautiful but also purify the surrounding air and remove harmful airborne chemicals like formaldehyde, ammonia, toluene, xylene, and allergens. Its importance of removing toxic substances from the air, NASA has placed it in the list of air purifier plants. Study shows that COVID 19 may affect the Central Nervous System causing loss of smell and taste (Topic: Medicine) Scientists of Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Jodhpur have explored the neuroinvasive nature of the COVID 19 virus SARS-CoV-2 highlighting that loss of smell and taste of infected patients makes their entire Central Nervous System (CNS) and the underlying structures in the brain more prone to viral infection with devastating effects. SARS-CoV-2 is known to interact with a specific human receptor known as hACE2 (human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2) which also happens to be the entry point of the virus and has an almost ubiquitous presence in most human organs ranging from lung parenchyma to nasal mucosa. The brain is also known to express this receptor. Nose and mouth both are very important entry points of the virus, which then may be slowly making its way to the olfactory bulb using the neurons of the olfactory mucosa. The olfactory bulb located in the forebrain is the structure that is chiefly responsible for the sense of smell. This explains the loss of smell associated with many asymptomatic carriers of COVID-19 and also may be exposing the CNS to viral infection. The publication highlights that activities like smoking could increase the chances of contracting COVID-19 infection, attributing this to the interactions and co-expression of the hACE2 receptor and the nicotinic receptor, which is stimulated on smoking. Exploring ‘Super-luminous supernovae exploded rapidly and decayed slowly’ (Topic: Space) Researchers at the Arayabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES) Nainital an autonomous research institute under the Department of Science and Technology (DST) Govt. of India found that SN 2010kd, a super-luminous supernova stands out with the amount of mass as well as Nickel ejected during explosion, which is much more than seen in case of normal core-collapse supernovae. What are Supernovae? Supernovae are a kind of energetic explosions where the core of massive stars (a few times to that of mass of our Sun) go to a catastrophic phase of explosion liberating huge amounts of energy.  These events are visible through very far away distances much beyond our own solar system. Super-luminous supernovae are a special type of stellar explosions having energy output 10 or more times higher than that of standard supernovae. NTPC launches Hydrogen Fuel bus and car project for Leh and New Delhi – Invites Global EOI (Topic: Energy; Environment) The move to procure Hydrogen Fuel Cell based vehicles is first of its kind project in the country, wherein a complete solution from green energy to the fuel cell vehicle would be developed. The initiative will also harness renewable energy for generation of hydrogen and develop it's storage and dispensation facilities as part of pilot projects at Leh and Delhi.  The move to launch hydrogen powered vehicles aims at decarbonizing mobility segment.  Hydrogen Fuel Cell based vehicles Like conventional batteries under the bonnets of automobiles, hydrogen fuel cells too, convert chemical energy into electrical energy. From a long-term viability perspective, FCEVs are billed as vehicles of the future, given that hydrogen is the most abundant resource in the universe. Can be recharged faster and also give more mileage than the lithium-ion batteries commonly used in EVs today. The Workings: A fuel cell combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity, heat, and water. Fuel cells are often compared to batteries. Both convert the energy produced by a chemical reaction into usable electric power. However, the fuel cell will produce electricity as long as fuel (hydrogen) is supplied, never losing its charge. Hydrogen is high in energy, yet an engine that burns pure hydrogen produces almost no pollution. NASA has used liquid hydrogen since the 1970s to propel the space shuttle and other rockets into orbit. Hydrogen fuel cells power the shuttle's electrical systems, producing a clean by product - pure water, which the crew drinks. Criticisms: Hydrogen is more explosive than petrol. The process of making hydrogen needs energy — often from fossil fuel sources. That has raised questions over hydrogen’s green credentials. Think about it:  What are your views on: "Secularism and Harmony” is not "political fashion" but it is "perfect passion" for India and Indians If you were on the Advisory Council of the 15th Finance Commission, what will your views be on the following – Implications of the pandemic for GDP growth in 2020-21 and 2021-22.  Uncertainty about macro variables over time Possible assumptions for tax buoyancy and revenue in the current year and next year What should be the public expenditure fillip to shore up the economy Note: DIKSHA Platform: For augmenting teaching and learning processes VidyaDaan 2.0: For inviting e-learning Content contributions The programme has been launched due to the increasing requirement for e-learning content for students (both school and higher education) especially in the backdrop of situation arising out of Covid- 19 and also due to the urgent need to integrate digital education with schooling to augment learning. Has a content contribution tool that provides a structured interface for the contributors to register and contribute different types of content (such as, explanation videos, presentations, competency-based items, quizzes etc.), for any grade (from grade 1 to 12), for any subject as specified by the states/UTs. White paper by TIFAC to strategize revival of post-COVID 19 Indian economy The Technology Information, Forecasting and Assessment Council (TIFAC), an autonomous technology think-tank, under the Department of Science & Technology (DST), Government of India, is preparing a white paper to strategize revival of post-COVID 19 Indian economy in the following areas – Strengthening Make in India initiatives Commercialization of Indigenous technology Developing a technology-driven transparent Public Distribution System (PDS) Efficient rural health care delivery Reduction of import Adoption of emerging technology domains like AI, Machine Learning, Data Analytics  Facilitating Farmers in Direct Marketing Government of India has been making concerted efforts to facilitate farmers in direct marketing and assure better returns.  There is a need to promote direct marketing without insisting for licensing procedures and facilitate the farmers in timely marketing of farm produce. In order to decongest wholesale markets & to boost the supply chain, following two modules under National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) have been introduced: FPO Module: FPOs can directly trade with e-NAM portal. They can upload produce details from collection centers with picture/quality parameter and avail the bidding facility without physically reaching to the mandis. Warehouse Based Trading Module: Farmers can sell their produce from Warehousing Development and Regulatory Authority (WDRA) registered warehouses notified as deemed market, and do not physically bring the produce to the nearest mandis. What is e-NAM? e e-NAM is an innovative initiative in agricultural marketing to  Enhance farmers accessibility digitally to multiple number of markets & buyers To bring transparency in trade transactions with the intent to improve price discovery mechanism, quality commensurate price realization To develop the concept of One Nation One Market for agriculture produce Reach: Today, it has reached 585 mandis across 16 States and 02 UTs. More than 1.66 crore farmers and 1.28 Lakh traders registered on e-NAM platform.  Civil Services Day: 21st April; celebrated as a tribute to the great Sardar Patel - Iron Man of India, who envisioned our administrative framework and emphasised on building a system that is progress-oriented and compassionate Patel’s contribution: Widely considered to be the architect of modern India, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel played an important role in the integration of all the princely states (especially Hyderabad, Junagadh and Kashmir) into the Indian Union after the British left India in 1947. Provided good governance as an able administrator in diverse fields like modern farming and empowerment of tribal communities Organised peasants from Kheda, Borsad, and Bardoli in Gujarat in non-violent civil disobedience against the British Raj, becoming one of the most influential leaders in Gujarat. He earned the title of “Sardar” after spearheading a no-tax campaign by peasants at Bardoli in Gujarat. He also led the relief and rehabilitation operations when Gujarat was ravaged by floods and worked tirelessly during a plague outbreak in Ahmedabad. He is also remembered as the “patron saint of India’s civil servants” for having established the modern all-India services system. “A civil servant cannot afford to, and must not, take part in politics. Nor must he involve himself in communal wrangles. To depart from the path of rectitude in either of these respects is to debase public service and to lower its dignity,” he had cautioned them on April 21, 1947. Acknowledging the monumental contribution of Patel in nation building, Jawaharlal Nehru said, “History will call him the builder and consolidator of new India.” The remarks Patel made during the Quit India Movement are also relevant today. He said: “We have to shed mutual bickering, shed the difference of being high or low and develop the sense of equality and banish untouchability. We have to live like the children of the same father”. Solve: With great skill and masterful diplomacy and using both persuasion and pressure, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel succeeded in integrating hundreds of princely states with the Indian Union. Discuss. Must Read: Link 1

Apr 30, 2020 Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent and Creativity

Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity: PAINTINGS by SWETA KUMARI & SKETCHING by ABHISHEK VERMA

Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity Hello Friends, You must be aware of the term ‘catharsis’. It is the process of releasing and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions. Recently we have launched a new initiative by the name Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity! Today's work is PAINTINGS by SWETA KUMARI & SKETCHING by ABHISHEK VERMA ! Well done, Keep it up !! PAINTINGS by SWETA KUMARI       SKETCHING by ABHISHEK VERMA !     Be creative and find your catharsis in whichever form of creativity you are comfortable with.  It could be anything- a song, a painting, a poem, a story, a dance performance, rangolis, jokes/humor, culinary skills, mimicry and whatnot. There is no limit to creativity. Just unleash and share it with everyone! Why don’t you share your moments of catharsis with us? UPSC is not only about academics but personality as well. And your personality is shaped by the creativity that you possess.   To know more about Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity' Initiative and the Previous Creative work  -> CLICK HERE We encourage you to keep the comment section alive by sharing your talents and also by commenting and encouraging the talent of your peers. We are also going to be a regular visitor here and will keep on posting the creative works by our talented team members and staff. NOTE- You can also nominate by tagging anyone (if you know about the talent of your friend or anyone) 🙂 You can share your talent/creativity with us on support@iasbaba.com and ilp@iasbaba.com  P.S: Kindly share it in a format that can be published on the website. We believe each one of you have some hidden talent. It’s time that you explore more about yourselves and remain positive throughout this journey. Make the best use of this opportunity! Thank You IASbaba

Apr 30, 2020 60 DAYS PROGRAMME-PRELIMS 2020

IASbaba’s 60 Day Plan [Day - 52]- IAS Prelims Test Series 2020 HISTORY & CURRENT AFFAIRS

ARCHIVES OF 60 DAY PLAN PRELIMS EXCLUSIVE CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASSES (12 SESSIONS-By Tauseef Sir): STARTING ON 16 APRIL JOIN NOW!   Dear Students, The 60 Days Training has finally begun:) DAY 52 is here! It is time to Introspect, Ideate and Improve!! We have come-up with articles to instil confidence, motivate you in the present situation. Do read these articles. Mark the words/lines in your dairy. These very lines can be the driving force’ in the time of uncertainty. [STRATEGY] MUST READ: 21 Days of Lockdown-What to do? Introspect, Ideate and Improve !! MUST READ: PRELIMS in Testing Times – Don’t Forget the ‘WHY’; IASbaba’s dedicated HOTLINE for Aspirants and Prelims Postponing Rumours Coronavirus[VIDEO]: Awareness, Myths, Solidarity and Message to All UPSC Aspirants by Mohan Sir Founder IASbaba   To ensure that your preparation goes smoothly and keeping up with our promise, we have come up with a Dedicated HOTLINE (Communication channel) - Connect with BABA for all UPSC/IAS Aspirants. From today, you will be able to speak with the Founders and Core Team of IASbaba on telephone regarding ‘any queries’ related to UPSC preparation in general or Subject-specific doubts. This Hotline, will be in addition to the 'ASK YOUR BABA' (#ASKBABA) thread opened on a daily basis for our 60 Day plan. We will try to make sure that with so much going around these days, you have at least one less thing to worry about.   How to make use of HOTLINE and ASK YOUR BABA (#ASKBABA)? There are 2 initiatives which will be running parallely. 1. HOTLINE - Connect with BABA (5pm - 7pm) The communication channel will be open ONLY for 2 hours Daily (except on Sundays - holiday) from 5pm to 7 pm. Please do not make calls before or after the specified time. As we will be occupied with other daily initiatives running on the website and mentorship. Hope you understand our time constraints. Please note that, call facilities are mainly for queries related to preparation per se like strategies, difficulties in reading a subject, what to read, what not to read, how to manage time, revision, motivation etc. You can call on the numbers given below. For any queries related to - UPSC Preparation (Prelims, Mains, Interview) Strategy & Current Affairs – contact 9986190082 Environment & Science and Technology – contact 9986193016 Polity & Economics – contact 9899291288 Geography & History – contact 9591106864 We have separated General Strategy (Preparation per se – Pre, Mains, Interview) and Current Affairs from other subjects. You can make use of the HOTLINE, as per your needs.   2. ASK YOUR BABA (#ASKBABA) - clear your doubts on the 60 Day Platform (Online from 11 am - 10 pm) Use the disqus comment section of that particular day (60 Day post - For Ex: Today is Day 25) to clear all your subject specific doubts of the day. You can post your queries/doubts with #ASKBABA !! Here, doubts related to the 60 day questions or conceptual clarity in a particular subject can be asked. Your doubts will be cleared on real-time basis (or max within hour it will be answered from the subject experts) If you are genuinely finding difficulty interms of preparing with that particular subject, then you can use 5pm-7pm window to make calls. If you are not able to speak to IASbaba's Team, then you can still post your doubts/queries in the same post of the 60 day initiative. As mentioned above, your doubts will be cleared on real-time basis (or max within hour it will be answered from the subject experts). Make the best use of the communication channel (Ask Your Baba/comment section on daily 60 Day post and calls) provided. We will make sure that, all your queries will be answered to. So we have  tried our bit, to ensure your preparation goes smoothly, you can do your bit by keeping in touch with us via phone/ website to keep yourself going, keep yourself engaged and staying positive during the rough times.   How to make the maximum use of this HOTLINE and #ASKBABA (Disqus comment of 60 Day Plan) on Daily basis? Now, that I have solved 30 mcq’s, what to do next?  How to Analyse my Performance? For Answers to the above Questions  ->CONNECT WITH BABA: IASbaba’s Dedicated HOTLINE for UPSC/IAS Aspirants !!   Note- Download the OMR Sheet and attempt the questions exactly like UPSC Prelims. After you are done, please post your OMR in the comment section. Once the solution key is released (5 PM), cross-check the answers and again, comment the marks (you got) in the same comment thread. This will keep you responsible and sincere in days to come. Also, we need more sets of scores for releasing the cut offs in the night so, requesting all of you to sincerely put your scores in comment section.    You can also take part in discussion with peers.   Q.1) Consider the following statements about Indus Valley Civilization: Cotton produced by Harappans was known as ‘Sindon’ by the Greeks. There was no metallic money in circulation and trade was conducted by means of barter. The Harappans domesticated animals on a large scale. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only 3 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.1) सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: हड़प्पावासियों द्वारा उत्पादित कपास को यूनानियों द्वारा 'सिंधन' (Sindon) के रूप में जाना जाता था। प्रचलन में कोई धात्विक मुद्रा नहीं थी तथा व्यापार वस्तु विनिमय के माध्यम से आयोजित किया गया था। हड़प्पा वासियों ने बड़े पैमाने पर पशुओं को पालतू बनाया था। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 और 2 केवल 3 केवल 2 और 3 1, 2 और 3 Q.2) With reference to the religious practices in India, the “Murtipujaka” sect belongs to Buddhism  Jainism Vaishnavism Shaivism Q.2) भारत में धार्मिक प्रथाओं के संदर्भ में, "मुर्तिपुजक" (Murtipujaka) संप्रदाय किससे संबंधित हैं बौद्ध धर्म जैन धर्म वैष्णव धर्म  शैव धर्म  Q.3) With reference to Tripitakas, consider the following statements: The Vinaya Pitaka contains rules for monks and nuns of the Sangha. The Sutta pitaka contains the Buddha’s discourses on various doctrinal issues in dialogue form. The Abhidhamma Pitaka texts are also known as ‘Buddhavacana’ or ‘the word of the Buddha’. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?  1 and 2 only 2 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.3) त्रिपिटक के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: विनय पिटक में संघ के भिक्षुओं और भिक्षुणियों के लिए नियम थे। सुत्त पिटक में संवाद रूप में विभिन्न सिद्धांत संबंधी मुद्दों पर बुद्ध के प्रवचन शामिल हैं। अभिधम्म पिटक ग्रंथों को 'बुद्धवचन' या 'बुद्ध के शब्द' के रूप में भी जाना जाता है। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 और 2 केवल 2  केवल 1 और 3 1, 2 और 3 Q.4) Consider the following features of Mahayana Buddhism: The Buddha was interpreted as a transcendent figure who all could aspire to become. It believes in the heavenliness of Buddha and not in Idol worship of Buddha. The concept of Bodhisattva is developed under this sect of Buddhism. Which of the features given above is/are correct?  1 and 2 only 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.4) महायान बौद्ध धर्म की निम्नलिखित विशेषताओं पर विचार करें: बुद्ध की व्याख्या एक पारलौकिक व्यक्ति के रूप में की गई थी, जो सभी बनने की आकांक्षा कर सकते थे। यह बुद्ध की स्वर्गिकता (heavenliness) में विश्वास रखता है, न कि बुद्ध की मूर्ति पूजा में। बोधिसत्व की अवधारणा बौद्ध धर्म के इस संप्रदाय के तहत विकसित की गई है। ऊपर दी गई कौन सी विशेषताएँ सही हैं / हैं? केवल 1 और 2 केवल 3 केवल 1 और 3 1, 2 और 3 Q.5)  The famous Sultanganj Buddha belongs to which of the following schools of Indian sculpture? Mathura School Gandhara School Amravati School Sarnath School Q.5) प्रसिद्ध सुल्तानगंज बुद्ध, भारतीय मूर्तिकला के निम्नलिखित में से किस स्कूल से संबंधित है? मथुरा स्कूल गांधार स्कूल अमरावती स्कूल सारनाथ स्कूल Q.6) With reference to medieval history of India, the terms Jaribana and Muhasilana refers to which of the following? Cesses paid by peasants in Sher Shah Suri's administration.  Land grants given to Sufi saints by Mughals. Types of slaves that existed during Mughal times. Custom duties paid by traders during Alaudin Khaliji's reign. Q.6) भारत के मध्यकालीन इतिहास के संदर्भ में, शब्द ‘जरीबाना’ और ‘मुहासिलाना’ निम्नलिखित में से किसके लिए है? शेरशाह सूरी के प्रशासन में किसानों द्वारा भुगतान किए गए उपकर। मुगलों द्वारा सूफी संतों को दी गई अनुदान भूमि। मुगल काल के दौरान मौजूद दासों के प्रकार। अलाउद्दीन खिलजी के शासनकाल के दौरान व्यापारियों द्वारा किया गया सीमा शुल्क भुगतान। Q.7) With reference to the ‘amara-nayaka’ system of Vijayanagar Empire, which of the following statement is/are correct? The nayakas were military commanders who were given territories to govern. The nayaka was responsible for expanding agricultural activities in his amaram. The nayakas were empowered to collect taxes from the peasants only. Select the correct answer using the codes given below: 1 and 2 only 1 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.7) विजयनगर साम्राज्य की ‘अमर-नायक’ प्रणाली के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कथन सही है / हैं? नायक सेना के कमांडर थे जिन्हें शासन करने के लिए क्षेत्र दिए गए थे। नायक अपने अमरम में कृषि गतिविधियों के विस्तार के लिए उत्तरदायी थे। नायक को केवल किसानों से कर एकत्र करने का अधिकार था। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें: केवल 1 और 2 केवल 1 केवल 2 और 3  1, 2 और 3 Q.8) In which of the following caves, the sculpture of Nataraja, surrounded by larger-than-life-size depictions of the Saptamatrikas were found? Aihole caves Guntapalle caves Pitalkhora caves Badami caves Q.8) निम्नलिखित में से किस गुफा में, नटराज की मूर्ति, सप्तमातृकों के पूर्ण-आकार के बड़े चित्रण से घिरी हुई पाई गई? एहोल की गुफाएँ गुंटापल्ली की गुफाएँ पित्तलखोरा गुफाएँ बादामी की गुफाएँ Q.9) Consider the following pairs:     Theatre form State    1. Swang Bihar    2. Bhaona Assam    3. Bhavai Madhya Pradesh Which of the pairs given above are incorrectly matched? 1 and 2 only 3 only 1 and 3 only 2 and 3 only  Q.9) निम्नलिखित युग्मों पर विचार करें:     रंगमंच का रूप राज्य    1. स्वांग (Swang) बिहार    2. भाओना (Bhaona) असम    3. भवाई मध्य प्रदेश   ऊपर दी गई कौन सी जोड़ी गलत तरीके से मेल खाती है? केवल 1 और 2 केवल 3 केवल 1 और 3 केवल 2 और 3 Q.10) Which of the following are included in the UNESCO list of Intangible Culture Heritage of India? Kalbelia  Sankirtana Yakshagana Kathakali Nawrouz festival Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1, 3,and 4 only 1, 2 and 5 only 2, 4 and 5 only 1, 2, 3 and 5 only Q.10) निम्नलिखित में से कौन, भारत की यूनेस्को सूची में अमूर्त सांस्कृतिक विरासत में शामिल हैं? कालबेलिया संकीर्तन यक्षगान कथकली नवरोज उत्सव नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें: केवल 1, 3, और 4 केवल 1, 2 और 5 केवल 2, 4 और 5 केवल 1, 2, 3 और 5 Q.11) The Kota, Bundi and Jhalawar styles of painting belongs to the which of the following Schools of Paintings? Mewar School Marwar School Hadoti School Dhundar School Q.11) चित्रकला की कोटा, बूंदी और झालावाड़ शैली, निम्नलिखित में से किस स्कूल की चित्रकला है? मेवाड़ स्कूल मारवाड़ स्कूल हाडोती स्कूल धुंदर स्कूल Q.12) Arrange the following organisations chronologically as per their formation. Indian League Bangbhasha Prakashika Sabha Poona Sarvajanik Sabha East India Association Select the correct answer using the code given below: 2 – 4 – 1 – 3  2 – 4 – 3 – 1  4 – 2 – 1 – 3  4 – 2 – 3 – 1  Q.12) निम्नलिखित संगठनों को उनके गठन के अनुसार, कालानुक्रमिक रूप से व्यवस्थित करें। इंडियन लीग बंगभाषा प्रकाशिका सभा पूना सार्वजनिक सभा ईस्ट इंडिया एसोसिएशन नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें: 2 - 4 - 1 - 3 2 - 4 - 3 - 1 4 - 2 - 1 - 3 4 - 2 - 3 - 1 Q.13) By the end of the nineteenth century, Indian exports consisted primarily of Raw cotton Jute and Silk  Oilseeds Wheat Indigo Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1, 2 and 5 only 1, 2, 4 and 5 only 1, 2 and 3 only 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 Q.13) उन्नीसवीं सदी के अंत तक, भारतीय निर्यात में मुख्य रूप से शामिल थे कच्चा कपास जूट और रेशम तिलहन गेहूँ नील नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें: केवल 1, 2 और 5 केवल 1, 2, 4 और 5 केवल 1, 2 और 3 1, 2, 3, 4 और 5 Q.14) Who among the following was the author of books 'Shrimadh Bhagavad Gita Rahasya' and 'The Arctic Home in the Vedas'? Aurobindo Ghosh Swami Dayanand Saraswati Bal Gangadhar Tilak Annie Besant Q.14) निम्नलिखित में से कौन ‘श्रीमद भगवद गीता रहस्य’ और ‘वेदोंं का आर्कटिक गृह’ पुस्तकों के लेखक थे? अरबिंदो घोष स्वामी दयानंद सरस्वती बाल गंगाधर तिलक एनी बेसेंट Q.15) Which among the following event happened the earliest? Day of Deliverance National Humiliation Day Day of Unity and Solidarity Day of Independence Q.15) निम्नलिखित में से कौन सी घटना सबसे पहले घटित हुई थी? मुक्ति दिवस (Day of Deliverance) राष्ट्रीय अपमान दिवस (National Humiliation Day) एकता और एकजुटता दिवस (Day of Unity and Solidarity) स्वतंत्रता दिवस Q.16) He was a great philanthropist; He started Ayurvedic Hospitals in Triplicane, Nungambakkam and Nellore; He was conferred the title ‘Dharmamurthi’ by Annie Besant and ‘Rao Bahadur’ by the British Government for his service to society. He was Veeresalingam Pantulu Calavala Cunnan Chetty Rettaimalai Srinivasan C.P. Ramaswamy Iyer Q.16) वह एक महान परोपकारी व्यक्ति थे; उन्होंने ट्रिप्लिकेन, नुंगम्बक्कम और नेल्लोर में आयुर्वेदिक अस्पताल आरंभ किए; उन्हें समाज के लिए उनकी सेवा हेतु एनी बेसेंट द्वारा 'धर्ममूर्ति' और ब्रिटिश सरकार द्वारा 'राय बहादुर' की उपाधि से सम्मानित किया गया था। वह थे वीरसलिंगम पंतुलु कलवला कुन्नन चेट्टी रेट्टिमिलाई श्रीनिवासन सी.पी. रामास्वामी अय्यर Q.17) In the context of freedom struggle, the 'Delhi Chalo Movement' is related to which of the following? Protest against Simon Commission Civil Disobedience Movement  Individual Satyagraha Quit India Movement  Q.17) स्वतंत्रता संग्राम के संदर्भ में, 'दिल्ली चलो आंदोलन' निम्नलिखित में से किससे संबंधित है? साइमन कमीशन के खिलाफ विरोध सविनय अवज्ञा आंदोलन व्यक्तिगत सत्याग्रह भारत छोड़ो आंदोलन Q.18) In the context of modern history, consider the following resolutions: Fundamental Rights National Council of Education National Economic Programme Which of the following resolutions was/were adopted at a special session of the Congress held at Karachi in 1931? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 only 1 and 3 only Q.18) आधुनिक इतिहास के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित प्रस्तावों पर विचार करें: मौलिक अधिकार राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा परिषद राष्ट्रीय आर्थिक कार्यक्रम निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा संकल्प 1931 में कराची में आयोजित कांग्रेस के एक विशेष सत्र में अपनाया गया था? केवल 1 और 2 केवल 2 और 3 केवल 1 केवल 1 और 3 Q.19) Which of the following is/are the principal feature(s) of the Government of India Act, 1935? It provided for the adoption of dyarchy at the Centre.  It provided separate electorates for depressed classes and women. It provided for the establishment of a Reserve Bank of India. Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1 and 2 only 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.19) भारत सरकार अधिनियम, 1935 की निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सी / से प्रमुख विशेषताएं हैं? इसने केंद्र में द्वैधशासन (dyarchy) को अपनाने के लिए प्रावधान किया। इसने वंचित वर्गों और महिलाओं के लिए पृथक निर्वाचक मंडल का प्रावधान प्रदान किया। इसने भारतीय रिजर्व बैंक की स्थापना के लिए प्रावधान प्रदान किया। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें: केवल 1 और 2 केवल 3 केवल 1 और 3 1, 2 और 3 Q.20) Consider the following events: The Bhilai steel plant was set up with the help of the former Soviet Union. The First Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) was held. The Constitution was amended to remove legal obstacles for abolition of ‘privy purse’. The bilingual state of Bombay was divided into separate states for Marathi and Gujarat speakers. Which of the following is the correct chronological sequence of the above events? 2 – 4 – 1 – 3 1 – 4 – 2 – 3 2 – 3 – 1 – 4 1 – 3 – 2 – 4 Q.20) निम्नलिखित घटनाओं पर विचार करें: भिलाई इस्पात संयंत्र की स्थापना पूर्व सोवियत संघ की सहायता से की गई। गुट निरपेक्ष आंदोलन (NAM) का पहला शिखर सम्मेलन आयोजित किया गया। संविधान को 'प्रिवी पर्स' के उन्मूलन के लिए वैधानिक बाधाओं को हटाने के लिए संशोधित किया गया। द्विभाषी राज्य बंबई को मराठी और गुजराती बोलने वालों के लिए अलग-अलग राज्यों में विभाजित किया गया। उपरोक्त घटनाओं में से कौन सा सही कालानुक्रमिक अनुक्रम है? 2 - 4 - 1 - 3 1 - 4 - 2 - 3 2 - 3 - 1 - 4 1 - 3 - 2 - 4 Q.21) Consider the following statements: Viruses such as coronavirus, influenza-causing viruses, Ebola, Zika have their genetic material encased in a layer of fat called the lipid envelop. Soap contains fat-like substances known as amphiphiles which compete with the lipids in the virus membrane and break the lipid envelope of the virus. Viruses such as rotavirus, poliovirus does not have the lipid envelop. Which of the statements given above is/are Correct?  1 and 2 only 2 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.21) निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: कोरोनोवायरस, इन्फ्लूएंजा जनित वायरस, इबोला, ज़ीका जैसे विषाणुओं में लिपिड आवरण (lipid envelop) नामक वसा की एक परत में इनके आनुवंशिक पदार्थ होते हैं। साबुन में वसा जैसे पदार्थ होते हैं, जिन्हें एम्फीफाइल्स (amphiphiles) कहा जाता है जो वायरस झिल्ली में लिपिड के साथ प्रतिस्पर्धा करते हैं और वायरस के लिपिड आवरण को तोड़ते हैं। रोटावायरस, पोलियोवायरस जैसे विषाणुओं में लिपिड आवरण नहीं होता है। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 और 2 केवल 2  केवल 2 और 3 1, 2 और 3 Q.22) With reference to The Essential Commodities Act, 1955, Consider the following statements: Under this act, the government can fix the maximum retail price (MRP) of any packaged product that it declares an essential commodity. If the Central government thinks that it is necessary to maintain or increase supplies of any essential commodity, it can regulate or prohibit the production, supply, distribution and sale of that commodity. Which of the statements given above is/are Not Correct?  1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.22) आवश्यक वस्तु अधिनियम, 1955 के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: इस अधिनियम के तहत, सरकार किसी भी पैकेज्ड उत्पाद की अधिकतम खुदरा मूल्य (MRP) तय कर सकती है, जिसे वह एक आवश्यक वस्तु घोषित करती है। यदि केंद्र सरकार को लगता है कि किसी आवश्यक वस्तु की आपूर्ति को बनाए रखना या बढ़ाना आवश्यक है, तो वह उस वस्तु के उत्पादन, आपूर्ति, वितरण और बिक्री को विनियमित या प्रतिबंधित कर सकती है। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही नहीं है / हैं? केवल 1 केवल 2  1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.23) Consider the following statements: A Review petition should be circulated to the same bench that delivered the judgment. A Curative petition and it is guaranteed under Article 145 of the Constitution of India. Which of the statements given above is/are Correct?  1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.23) निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: समीक्षा याचिका (Review petition) को उसी पीठ को परिचालित किया जाना चाहिए, जिसने अधिनिर्णय दिया है। भारतीय संविधान के अनुच्छेद 145 के तहत एक उपचारात्मक याचिका (Curative petition) की गारंटी दी गयी है। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 केवल 2  1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.24) Which of the following statements is/are Not Correct regarding Cess in India? If the cess collected in a particular year goes unspent, it will be allocated for other purposes. The central government should share the cess with the state government. The cess can be levied on indirect taxes only.  Select the correct answer using the code given below: 3 only 2 and 3 only 1 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.24) निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कथन, भारत में उपकर (Cess) के संबंध में सही नहीं है / हैं? यदि किसी विशेष वर्ष में एकत्रित उपकर बिना व्यय (unspent) के रह जाता है, तो इसे अन्य उद्देश्यों के लिए आवंटित किया जाएगा। केंद्र सरकार को राज्य सरकार के साथ उपकर साझा करना चाहिए। केवल अप्रत्यक्ष करों पर ही उपकर लगाया जा सकता है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें: केवल 3 केवल 2 और 3  केवल 1 1, 2 और 3 Q.25) With reference to Red Snow, Consider the following statements: Red snow is a phenomenon caused by Chlamydomonas nivalis. Red algae lowers the overall reflective properties of the snow. Which of the statements given above is/are Correct?  1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.25) रेड स्नो (Red Snow) के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: रेड स्नो क्लैमाइडोमोनास निवालिस (Chlamydomonas nivalis) के कारण हुई घटना है। लाल शैवाल (Red algae), हिम के समग्र परावर्तक गुणों को कम करती है। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 केवल 2  1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.26) Which of the following species of otters can be sighted in India? Eurasian otter Small-clawed otter Smooth-coated otter Select the correct code: 1 and 2 2 and 3 3 Only 1, 2 and 3 Q.26) भारत में निम्न में से, ओटर (otters) की किस प्रजाति को देखा जा सकता है? यूरेशियन ओटर (Eurasian otter) छोटे पंजे वाले ओटर (Small-clawed otter) मुलायम-आवरित ओटर (Smooth-coated otter) सही कूट का चयन करें: 1 और 2 2 और 3 केवल 3  1, 2 और 3 Q.27) Which of the following countries do not open to ‘Aegean Sea’? Turkey Greece Albania Croatia Select the correct code: 1 and 2 3 and 4 1 and 3 2 and 4 Q.27) निम्न में से कौन सा देश ‘एजियन सागर’ में नहीं खुलता है? तुर्की यूनान अल्बानिया क्रोएशिया सही कूट का चयन करें: 1 और 2 3 और 4 1 और 3 2 और 4 Q.28) Which of the following is the first country to recognize Rights of Nature in its Constitution? India Bolivia New Zealand Ecuador Q.28) निम्न में से कौन सा पहला देश है, जिसने अपने संविधान में प्रकृति के अधिकारों को मान्यता दी है? भारत बोलीविया न्यूजीलैंड इक्वेडोर Q.29) The ‘KhariaSavar’ community primarily lives in  North East India Central India Southern India Western India Q.29) ‘खारियासावर’ (KhariaSavar) समुदाय मुख्य रूप से पाया जाता है उत्तर पूर्व भारत मध्य भारत दक्षिणी भारत पश्चिमी भारत Q.30) ‘Nolamba dynasty’ was primarily spread over Maharashtra and Gujarat Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka Rajasthan Assam and Meghalaya Q.30) ‘नोलम्बा वंश’ (Nolamba dynasty) मुख्य रूप से फैला हुआ था महाराष्ट्र और गुजरात आंध्र प्रदेश और कर्नाटक राजस्थान असम और मेघालय DOWNLOAD THE SOLUTION ENGLISH HINDI NOTE- Follow this for Comments Mention- Time Taken after solving the Test After the release of Solution Edit your Comment to Mention-  Correct/Incorrect and Score 2 Marks for Correct/0.66 minus for Incorrect. DOWNLOAD THE 60 DAYS PLAN 2020  PRELIMS EXCLUSIVE CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASSES (12 SESSIONS-By Tauseef Sir): STARTING 15 APRIL- JOIN NOW! All the Best! IASbaba

Apr 29, 2020 Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent and Creativity

Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity: "Corona: A blessing in disguise" by PRAVEEN KATIYAR!

Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity Hello Friends, You must be aware of the term ‘catharsis’. It is the process of releasing and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions. Recently we have launched a new initiative by the name Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity! Today's work is "Corona: A blessing in disguise" by PRAVEEN KATIYAR! Well done, Keep it up !!   Corona: A blessing in disguise! #corona31 #corona #ncov #covid19 #a _blessing_in_disguise  #Praveen_Katiyar #Cosmo_2014 1-Modi ji, Trump & Xinping alike, running amuck knowing nothing in precise; Corona's novelty has thrown such a dice that the magnificent Humans have to hide in homes like  scared little mice...(Idea: Survival of the fittest is the law reminiscent, who ever stays home is a 'Champ' at present!) Lets get serious now: 2-Limping democracy, failing culture & education system is awfully stale; real chaos is simmering in this crisis to consume everyone & i hope that someone sensible remained to tell this disgraceful tale... (Idea: It is just a start of  the realization that we have not yet started in the right direction!) 3-Racketeering, profiteering, laundered money, biased decisions, etc.,  is the order the day; it is not enough to be just grumpy about when everybody important  is made to man the important positions but without any say.(Idea: Make them accountable! ) 4- Corruption is rampant, so is the cowardice amongst the people of importance-who could have a say when they would say; this system is biased against the weak certainly and the powerful ones always easily get away...(Idea: Make the thieves accountable and pay back. Media is unable to ask right questions. Alas!!!) 5-Ideologies of political parties seldom corroborate with what they say; they are all opportunity mongers as whenever the Sun shine they come out to make their hay... (Idea: I hope that there are exceptions.) 6-Anarchy often lurks behind the facade of strict authority ; the rulers must not lose its humane face & sincerely set right its priority... (Idea: Ugly show off of power with vulgarity is dangerous! Tread carefully as the crazy times is a double edged sword...) 7-Weapons, missiles & this constant race to show off our destructive deterrence might; humanity is doomed if this enmity sucks away our energy for a constructive fight...( Idea: WORLD WAR 3 is imminent and that will not be because of 'conflict of interest' but because of 'conflict to survive'!) 8-Life makes sense only when it embraces the beauty of chance by dispelling the evil of control; humanity has done so far so well in preparing the ground for 3rd world war, that's on the roll...( Idea: Nothing is permanent as per the theory of evolution. This retaliation by nature for striking a balance was long overdue...) 9- We mistook our capacities to know all the magic’s to produce more & more; the time is right to give up the ignorance and realize that nature could only fulfill our needs & not greed for sure...(idea: Simple life is a bliss!) 10-I don't need a Mercedes if my neighbor owns a Maruti car; my desires are as deceptive as at school was my progress report card... (Idea: Easy to understand if only you can relate with this. Meaning of success is just misconstrued...) 11-Selling the dreams of a rising Sun when actually it has been slowly setting ; only the sellers of those dreams are amassing wealth & the buyers are habituated to be always wanting... (Idea: "Apple" khao khud jaan jao! There is no need to buy unnecessary things..) 12- There is no need to build a 'Trillion $' company rather the need is to support a thousand 'Billion $' ones; Indians can surpass the ones like Apple & Amazon when the right leadership comes... (Idea: Imposing 'Conspicuous consumption' habits in the 3rd world middle class is the core philosophy of western world! ) 13-Indians no more have to live in disgrace and subjugation, so please quit taking pride in working beyond the walls; it is time for 'Ghar- Vapsi' mere Yaaron, as our country needs your service most of all... (Idea: watch film 'Swades', a simple yet powerful lesson to learn.) 14-Indians have always taken pride in being the soldiers serving the cause of the Capitalists' might, where the employees had to slog for ever for the sake of their employer's self aggrandizing fight(cause)... (Idea: India used to be the land of Sages, making sacrifices to purify their soul used to be their daily routine... Ponder upon the fact, if you can.) 15- Rope in people like 'Nadela and please bring the commanders like ' Sundar Pichhai'; there is a lot to do in our desperate country, we just need some honest intentions & clearer insights...(Idea: Harness the lost potential!) 16-Globalisation has been a lost game, as we have been bullied by them really rough; it doesn't have to be a zero-sum game, so lets pledge to find a win-win order for ourselves, as we have already had enough! (Idea: Desperate times desperate measures! Need to adopt "India first" approach! Feed us, teach us, empower us to the core first!!!) 17- We can change everything, only if we want the things not to remain the same; we can only do this together & we can surely defeat them in their own game! (Idea:Accept 'Sadharan Swadeshi', simple living high thinking...war against capitalist consumerism is needed, it is suffocating poor Indians.) 18-Brand is "a brand" because of expensive branding, but the value of those goods their utility must decide; lets end this culture of       ' mad-consumption' today, then tomorrow for everyone' s sleep there will be good night... ( Idea: Simple is beautiful, tasty and healthy. Daal Roti khao aur Parmaatma ke gun gao.) 19-Don't you commercialize everything please don't you strive for just the financial growth; fending for the purity of your soul is a saintly task, but it will nurture the interests of you & your generations-both! (Idea: Best things come free! Oneness with nature is divine and priceless, so better desist from this mad race of commercializing everything.) 20- Dreams of material wealth is a perpetual vanity and definitely a painful never ending troll; our generations will have to bear the burden of our dissatisfied unscrupulous souls... (Idea: We just don't need to eat more than we need!) 21-The hardships of the 'poor' are real & their helplessness is staring us right in our face; poverty is a viscous cycle after all & only together we can build for all a livable happy space... (Idea: Sadbhaav poorn Samriddha Saarthakta= principle of SSS.) 22-The nature's rebound is bound to happen but unknown is its nature and character; nothing overwhelms its' 'coping capacity' provided this reasoning excludes the selfish human factor... (Idea: Minus 'Human  Centricity' and everything becomes sustainable!) 23-Absolute power corrupts absolutely, is a fact only a few could deny; the myth of human superiority is about to get busted & to all our races this rule applies! (Idea: Jiyo aur Jine do! All the life forms are precious.) 24-Source of Elite's freedom have been the poor hapless slaves & their luxuries are guaranteed by the misery of the weaker lot; trends of 'Capitalism' can't go any further & a need for a revamped economic system demands some real 'food for thought'... (Idea: It is all about the Economy in the end, so why not make a better model that works for all and feeds all! ) 25-Crisis has a way of bringing to the fore, the issues, that are easy to ignore in good times; if the desperate measures demand us to give away our leisure and some pleasures ,then that would work just fine...(Idea: learn to give & earn the bliss...) 26-"Limits to Growth" is off limits to human ingenuity, is what our arrogant scientists had  once claimed; the nature has shown the signs of saturation & now everyone is to be blamed...(Idea: limits to growth is real!) 27-Humanity has dominated by the biased rules till day; now the time is to reap what we have sown or else we will close fast to our doomsday! (Idea: Karz chukaana padega...) 28-It is the right time we realised that nothing ever lasts, our future will be gloomy if we don't repent for our pasts... (Idea: Time to confess & repent!) 29- Our Earth is a super-organism(Hutton), and it is time to respect its 'evolutionary adaptation' as its processes are beyond man's control; the efforts towards 'Sustainable development' has been a farce so far, & the repercussions of this rat race to exploit it to the core is gonna be manifold! (Idea:God is the greatest mathematician and his principles are infallible, so in his Grand design , Man  is just serving as a temporary spec to just connect the dots...the sooner we realize it the better.) 30-SILVER LINING: Survival Instinct of humans is incredible, so is our spirit to strive and thrive; we must not let this gloom to fester our spirits, we just have to consider it as a "blessing in disguise"...(Idea: Together we stand, divided we fall! ) 31- I am no better than you & you are not better than me; I have just tried to put things in perspective, so just say 'AYE' if you agree with me... JAI HIND! JAI MAHAKAAL! # corona31 #corona #covid19 #ncov #blessing_in_disguise Praveen Katiyar   Be creative and find your catharsis in whichever form of creativity you are comfortable with.  It could be anything- a song, a painting, a poem, a story, a dance performance, rangolis, jokes/humor, culinary skills, mimicry and whatnot. There is no limit to creativity. Just unleash and share it with everyone! Why don’t you share your moments of catharsis with us? UPSC is not only about academics but personality as well. And your personality is shaped by the creativity that you possess.   To know more about Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity' Initiative and the Previous Creative work  -> CLICK HERE We encourage you to keep the comment section alive by sharing your talents and also by commenting and encouraging the talent of your peers. We are also going to be a regular visitor here and will keep on posting the creative works by our talented team members and staff. NOTE- You can also nominate by tagging anyone (if you know about the talent of your friend or anyone) 🙂 You can share your talent/creativity with us on support@iasbaba.com and ilp@iasbaba.com  P.S: Kindly share it in a format that can be published on the website. We believe each one of you have some hidden talent. It’s time that you explore more about yourselves and remain positive throughout this journey. Make the best use of this opportunity! Thank You IASbaba

Apr 29, 2020 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 29th April 2020

IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 29th April 2020 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) 15-billion ADB loan to India to fund COVID-19 emergency Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – International Groupings; Health & GS-III – Economy; Disaster Management In News: The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has provided $15 billion loan to the Government of India to fund its immediate response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic  The loan shall be used to deal with health and socio-economic impacts.  Key takeaways: The loan is approved by the ADB under its COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support (CARES) Programme.  The loan is the bank’s largest loan to India till date. The money will be spent to implement the containment plan and rapidly increase the test-track-treatment capacity.  It will also be used to provide social protection to poor people over the next three months.  India will also take the ADB's technical support to strengthen its implementation framework and capacities to implement Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana.  Important value additions: Asian Development Bank (ADB) It is a regional development bank.  It was established on 19 December 1966.  Headquarters: Mandaluyong, Philippines.  It was established to promote social and economic development in Asia.  Motto: ADB is committed to achieving a prosperous, inclusive, resilient and sustainable Asia & the Pacific, while sustaining its efforts to eradicate extreme poverty. The ADB offers hard loans (currency) on commercial terms primarily to middle income countries in Asia and  It provides soft loans (loan with a below-market rate of interest) to poorer countries in the region.  Both types of loans are sourced from the bank's ordinary capital resources (OCR). Five largest borrowing countries are China, India, Pakistan, Indonesia and Bangladesh.  U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom downgrades India's position in 2020 list Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – International Relations In News: The U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) has downgraded India to the lowest ranking. The report was released in Washington recently by the federal government commission that functions as an advisory body.  Key takeaways: It has put India amongst "countries of particular concern" (CPC) in its 2020 report.  The report placed India alongside countries like China, North Korea, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan.  India was categorised as a “Tier 2 country” in last year’s report.  This is the first time since 2004 that India has been placed in this category. It included specific concerns about the Citizenship Amendment Act, the proposed National Register for Citizens, anti-conversion laws and the situation in Jammu and Kashmir.  The commission also recommended that the U.S. government take stringent action against India under the “International Religious Freedom Act” (IRFA).  It recommended the administration to impose targeted sanctions on Indian government agencies and officials responsible for severe violations of religious freedom.  Important value additions: The United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF)  It is a U.S. federal government commission created by the International Religious Freedom Act (IRFA) of 1998.  Responsibilities:  To review the facts and circumstances of violations of religious freedom internationally To make policy recommendations to the President, the Secretary of State, and the Congress.  Headquarters: Washington, D.C.  Functions: USCIRF researches and monitors international religious freedom issues.  It issues an annual report after its evaluation of the facts and circumstances of religious freedom violations worldwide. Supreme Court rules inclusion of deemed universities under Anti-corruption law  Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II - Education In News: In a significant ruling, the Supreme Court has held that bribery and corruption in a deemed university can be tried under the Prevention of Corruption Act. Key takeaways: The judgement was given by a three-judge Bench led by Justice N.V. Ramana.  As per the judgement,  Individuals, authorities or officials connected to a deemed university, irrespective of their role or designation, come under the definition of a ‘public servant’.  Deemed universities come within the ambit of the term ‘university’ in Section 2 of the Prevention of Corruption (PC) Act, 1988.  A deemed institution, under the University Grants Commission Act of 1956, has the same common public duty like a university to confer academic degrees, which are recognised in the society. Important value additions: Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 It is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted to combat corruption in government agencies and public sector businesses in India.  In 2018, Prevention of Corruption (Amendment) Bill was passed under which punish bribe-givers and bribe-takers shall be punished.  The Bill provides for jail terms of three to seven years, besides fine, to those convicted of taking or giving bribes to public officials. Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 29th April 2020 Image source: Click here  Deemed university Deemed university, or deemed-to-be-university, is an accreditation awarded to higher educational institutions in India, conferring the status of a university.  It is granted by the Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development.  Institutions that are 'deemed-to-be-university' enjoy the academic status and privileges of a university. Miscellaneous  Plasma therapy Plasma therapy uses blood donated by recovered patients to introduce antibodies in those under treatment.  The therapy for COVID-19 is still at an experimental stage and the Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR) is currently studying its efficacy.  In 2014, convalescent plasma, collected from patients who had recovered from Ebola virus disease, was recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as a treatment during the outbreak. During the H1N1 virus outbreak of 2009 and SARS epidemic of 2003, plasma therapy was used to treat patients. Tripoli Tripoli is the capital city and the largest city of Libya.  Violent protests have erupted in the city recently over a spiralling economic crisis despite a coronavirus lockdown. Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 29th April 2020 Image source: Click here  (MAINS FOCUS) GOVERNANCE/ ETHICS Topic: General Studies 2 & 4: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.  Ethics in Public administration  Privacy concerns during a pandemic Context: In the midst of public health crisis, the measures taken by Union & State governments in India – lockdown, physical distancing norms - has been supported by public.  Nevertheless, there are certain pitfalls which needs to be avoided especially with regard to government’s technology solutions to tackle pandemic Dangers of government actions during Crises times Prone to overreach: Justice Khanna outlined that “when faced with crises, governments — acting for all the right reasons — are invariably prone to overreach” Threat to Civil Liberties: If the government so chooses, fundamental rights can be suspended at will stating that the need to save lives takes precedence over all other interests. Continuance of restrictive measures even after the crises has passed Invasive use of technology that seeks to utilise people’s personal health data. How has technology been invoked during this pandemic? Technology has been invoked at three levels.  First, in creating a list of persons suspected to be infected with COVID-19;  Second, in deploying geo-fencing and drone imagery to monitor compliance by quarantined individuals  Third, through the use of contact-tracing smartphone applications, such as AarogyaSetu Impact of technologies on privacy 1. The use of geo-fencing and drone technologies is unsanctioned Though cell-phone based surveillance is permissible under the Telegraph Act of 1885, until now the orders authorising surveillance have not been published.  2. Indiscriminate usage of modified surveillance drones  These are equipped with the ability to conduct thermal imaging, night-time reconnaissance, and integrate facial recognition into existing databases such as Aadhaar.  Some of the drones do not appear to possess any visible registration or licensing. 3. Dangers of contact-tracing applications like ArogyaSetu It promises users a deep insight into the movements of a COVID-19 carrier The aim is to ensure that a person who comes into contact with a carrier can quarantine herself.  The efficacy of such applications have been questioned by some Lack of Transparency: Details of the application’s technical architecture and its source code have not been made public.  Lack of accountability: The programme and its institution is not backed by legislation. Coercive in nature: Like Aadhaar it seems that the application will be used as an object of coercion (through issuance of e-pass) in spite of making its usage voluntary Invades Privacy: AarogyaSetu is framed as a necessary technological invasion into personal privacy, in a bid to achieve a larger social purpose Lack of clarity on how the huge personal data that it will collect will be deployed. Way Ahead A pandemic cannot be a pretext to renounce the Constitution Any action by government that infringes on privacy must meet the requirements of legality, necessity and the doctrine of proportionality (K.S. Puttaswamy Case) Civil Society should pay close attention to rights, not to impede the government’s efforts, but to ensure that they are not permanently reduced. Connecting the dots: Justice B.N.Srikrishna Committee report on Data protection  EU Data protection law GOVERNANCE/ ECONOMY/ SOCIETY Topic: General Studies 2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors  Indian Economy and challenges with regard to resource mobilization  Online Education Context: UGC held a meeting to consider a tentative academic calendar for the current year, and the need to promote online learning  How had India progressed with regard to access to education? In the last two decades, there has been a conscious effort on the part of the state to improve access to education at all levels with measures like Right to Education Act  OBC reservation in Higher Educational institutions Recent EWS reservation Online Education an integral part of Digital India programme Constraints with Online Learning in India Digital divide in India with poor not having sufficient access to internet 55,000 villages in the country are without mobile network coverage as per Niti Aayog, in its “Strategy for New India@75” report Proper Infrastructure: Personal computers and phones unequal to professional work Lack of Experience: Both teachers and students fall back on the communications grammar of the live classroom which produces confusion online.  Lack of Capabilities: Both teachers and students need training in how to operate in the electronic classroom, and how to deal with digital workflows. Increased burden: Parents have to bear the burden of keeping electronic classrooms in order Sociological issues with Online Education A large number of students are not comfortable with spoken or written English. This makes online pedagogical material that much inaccessible The students come with different levels of prior training, which makes it difficult to have a one-size-fits-all approach with online teaching. The bottom pyramid of society who are poorer might not find financial resources to access it and thus endangering their education prospects Way Ahead Increased funding to public education State-backed television and radio, along with community radio in underserved places, can help to bridge this divide temporarily.  Digitisation of public schools Leveraging the help of civil society to enhance the access of education, especially in remote places Connecting the dots: Operation Digital Board of GoI Impact of COVID-19 on telecom sector (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note:  Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers.  Comments Up-voted by IASbaba are also the “correct answers”. Q.1 Headquarter of Asian Development Bank is located at which of the following?  Philippines China Indonesia Pakistan  Q.2 With regard to recently released report by The United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, consider the following statements: It has placed India amongst countries of particular concern (CPC) in its 2020 report.  This is the first time since 2004 that India has been placed in this category. Which of the above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.3 As per the recent judgement by the Supreme Court, consider the following statements? Individuals authorities or officials connected to a deemed university come under the definition of a ‘public servant’.  Deemed universities come within the ambit of the term ‘university’ in Section 2 of the Prevention of Corruption (PC) Act, 1988.  Which of the above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.4 Tripoli is the capital city of which of the following country?  Tunisia  Chad Niger  Libya  ANSWERS FOR 28th April 2020 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 C 2 A 3 C 4 C Must Read About RBI’s relief measures to Mutual Fund Industry: The Hindu ( Read here for background story) About measures to take for welfare of migrant workers: The Hindu About post COVID-19 economic models: The Indian Express

Apr 29, 2020 RSTV Video

India: Global Energy Demand Centre – The Big Picture – RSTV IAS UPSC

India: Global Energy Demand Centre Archives INTERNATIONAL/ECONOMY Topic: General Studies 2: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests. General Studies 3 Energy In News: Measures to curb the spread of the coronavirus have destroyed demand for fuel and driven down oil prices, straining budgets of oil producers and hammering the U.S. shale industry which is more vulnerable to low prices due to its higher costs.  The G20 Energy Ministers' are focussing on ways and means to ensure stable energy markets, which are affected due to demand reduction as result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing surplus production related matters. The ‘virtual’ meeting The G20 group of leading world economies had called an extraordinary energy ministers' meeting to discuss OPEC-led plans for a global crude oil production cut accord aimed at shoring up prices that have in the last one month halved. The meeting was held via webinar to "foster global dialogue and cooperation to ensure stable energy markets and enable a stronger global economy. This is the first time the G20 has specifically convened to address energy issues, showing the depth of concern about the oil crash. India will continue to remain a global energy demand centre  Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas and Steel Dharmendra Pradhan has called for a win-win formula that would safeguard interests of global energy suppliers and consumers during the G-20 oil ministers’ virtual conference to stabilise oil markets that have been rocked by the COVID-19 pandemic. Strategic Reserves: With cheap oil flooding the market and stretching energy storage capacity, India will continue to fill up its strategic petroleum reserves. India currently holds its strategic oil reserves in Vishakhapatnam, Mangaluru and Padur, storing 5.33 million tonnes of crude, which could last for around nine days. According to an earlier agency report, India will spend about $ 670 million to buy oil at around the $30 a barrel, for its strategic reserves, drawn from Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Deliveries will start around April-May. Ongoing energy market fluctuations: Oil prices should remain affordable so that a “consumption-led demand recovery” could help stabilise the oil markets. The minister also lauded efforts by the OPEC+ countries, which also include Russia and others, as an extension of the cartel, to balance the supply-side factors, which is imperative for long-term sustainability.  The conference has decided to establish a task force to advise on the next steps to mitigate the effects of Covid-19 on people’s health and the global economy. Must Read: Oil in Post COVID-19 world Connecting the Dots: Short note: The ongoing energy market fluctuations Explain various factors that causes drop in oil prices.

Apr 29, 2020 60 DAYS PROGRAMME-PRELIMS 2020

IASbaba’s 60 Day Plan [Day - 51]- IAS Prelims Test Series 2020 HISTORY & CURRENT AFFAIRS

ARCHIVES OF 60 DAY PLAN PRELIMS EXCLUSIVE CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASSES (12 SESSIONS-By Tauseef Sir): STARTING ON 16 APRIL JOIN NOW!   Dear Students, The 60 Days Training has finally begun:) DAY 51 is here! It is time to Introspect, Ideate and Improve!! We have come-up with articles to instil confidence, motivate you in the present situation. Do read these articles. Mark the words/lines in your dairy. These very lines can be the driving force’ in the time of uncertainty. [STRATEGY] MUST READ: 21 Days of Lockdown-What to do? Introspect, Ideate and Improve !! MUST READ: PRELIMS in Testing Times – Don’t Forget the ‘WHY’; IASbaba’s dedicated HOTLINE for Aspirants and Prelims Postponing Rumours Coronavirus[VIDEO]: Awareness, Myths, Solidarity and Message to All UPSC Aspirants by Mohan Sir Founder IASbaba   To ensure that your preparation goes smoothly and keeping up with our promise, we have come up with a Dedicated HOTLINE (Communication channel) - Connect with BABA for all UPSC/IAS Aspirants. From today, you will be able to speak with the Founders and Core Team of IASbaba on telephone regarding ‘any queries’ related to UPSC preparation in general or Subject-specific doubts. This Hotline, will be in addition to the 'ASK YOUR BABA' (#ASKBABA) thread opened on a daily basis for our 60 Day plan. We will try to make sure that with so much going around these days, you have at least one less thing to worry about.   How to make use of HOTLINE and ASK YOUR BABA (#ASKBABA)? There are 2 initiatives which will be running parallely. 1. HOTLINE - Connect with BABA (5pm - 7pm) The communication channel will be open ONLY for 2 hours Daily (except on Sundays - holiday) from 5pm to 7 pm. Please do not make calls before or after the specified time. As we will be occupied with other daily initiatives running on the website and mentorship. Hope you understand our time constraints. Please note that, call facilities are mainly for queries related to preparation per se like strategies, difficulties in reading a subject, what to read, what not to read, how to manage time, revision, motivation etc. You can call on the numbers given below. For any queries related to - UPSC Preparation (Prelims, Mains, Interview) Strategy & Current Affairs – contact 9986190082 Environment & Science and Technology – contact 9986193016 Polity & Economics – contact 9899291288 Geography & History – contact 9591106864 We have separated General Strategy (Preparation per se – Pre, Mains, Interview) and Current Affairs from other subjects. You can make use of the HOTLINE, as per your needs.   2. ASK YOUR BABA (#ASKBABA) - clear your doubts on the 60 Day Platform (Online from 11 am - 10 pm) Use the disqus comment section of that particular day (60 Day post - For Ex: Today is Day 25) to clear all your subject specific doubts of the day. You can post your queries/doubts with #ASKBABA !! Here, doubts related to the 60 day questions or conceptual clarity in a particular subject can be asked. Your doubts will be cleared on real-time basis (or max within hour it will be answered from the subject experts) If you are genuinely finding difficulty interms of preparing with that particular subject, then you can use 5pm-7pm window to make calls. If you are not able to speak to IASbaba's Team, then you can still post your doubts/queries in the same post of the 60 day initiative. As mentioned above, your doubts will be cleared on real-time basis (or max within hour it will be answered from the subject experts). Make the best use of the communication channel (Ask Your Baba/comment section on daily 60 Day post and calls) provided. We will make sure that, all your queries will be answered to. So we have  tried our bit, to ensure your preparation goes smoothly, you can do your bit by keeping in touch with us via phone/ website to keep yourself going, keep yourself engaged and staying positive during the rough times.   How to make the maximum use of this HOTLINE and #ASKBABA (Disqus comment of 60 Day Plan) on Daily basis? Now, that I have solved 30 mcq’s, what to do next?  How to Analyse my Performance? For Answers to the above Questions  ->CONNECT WITH BABA: IASbaba’s Dedicated HOTLINE for UPSC/IAS Aspirants !!   Note- Download the OMR Sheet and attempt the questions exactly like UPSC Prelims. After you are done, please post your OMR in the comment section. Once the solution key is released (5 PM), cross-check the answers and again, comment the marks (you got) in the same comment thread. This will keep you responsible and sincere in days to come. Also, we need more sets of scores for releasing the cut offs in the night so, requesting all of you to sincerely put your scores in comment section.    You can also take part in discussion with peers.   Q.1) With reference to the Rashtrakuta dynasty, which of the following statement is NOT correct? It was founded by Dantidurga who defeated Gurjaras. Under them, the Vesara style of temple architecture emerged for the first time. Krishna I of Rashtrakuta dynasty built the magnificent rock-cut monolithic Kailasa temple at Ellora. Amoghavarsha I of Rashtrakuta dynasty was often called “Ashoka of the South” because of his religious temperament. Q.1) राष्ट्रकूट वंश के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कथन सही नहीं है? इसकी स्थापना दंतिदुर्ग ने की थी, जिसने गुर्जरों को हराया था। उनके तहत, मंदिर वास्तुकला की वेसर शैली पहली बार प्रकट हुई थी। राष्ट्रकूट वंश के कृष्ण प्रथम ने एलोरा में शानदार शिलाकृत एकाश्म कैलाश मंदिर का निर्माण करवाया था। राष्ट्रकूट वंश के अमोघवर्ष प्रथम को अक्सर उनके धार्मिक स्वभाव के कारण "दक्षिण का अशोक" कहा जाता था। Q.2) Pala empire dominated Eastern India till middle of Ninth century. Which among the following statements is/are NOT correct about Pala Empire? Pala Empire under Dharmapala extended upto Assam, Orissa and Nepal. Palas had close trade and cultural contacts with Roman Empire. Pala rulers were great patrons of Buddhism as well as Jainism. Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1 and 3 only 2 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.2) पाल साम्राज्य का पूर्वी भारत में नवीं शताब्दी के मध्य तक प्रभुत्व था। निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कथन पाल साम्राज्य के बारे में सही नहीं है / हैं? धर्मपाल के अधीन पाल साम्राज्य ने असम, उड़ीसा और नेपाल तक विस्तार किया। पाल का रोमन साम्राज्य के साथ घनिष्ठ व्यापार और सांस्कृतिक संपर्क था। पाल शासक बौद्ध धर्म के साथ-साथ जैन धर्म के महान संरक्षक थे। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें: केवल 1 और 3 केवल 2  केवल 2 और 3 1, 2 और 3 Q.3) Consider the following statements with reference to establishment of Muslim rule in India: The first Muslim kingdom was firmly established in India at Ajmer. Kanauj was occupied by the Muslims in the second battle of Tarain. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only  Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.3) भारत में मुस्लिम शासन की स्थापना के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: पहला मुस्लिम राज्य भारत में अजमेर में मजबूती से स्थापित किया गया था। तराइन की दूसरी लड़ाई में कन्नौज पर मुसलमानों का अधिकार हो गया था। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 केवल 2  1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.4) Consider the following pairs of departments under Delhi sultanate with their primary functions: Diwani Riyasat - Department of Religious affairs. Diwani Kohi - Department of Agriculture. Diwani Bandagan - Department of Slaves. Which of the pairs given above is/ are correctly matched? 1 and 3 only 2 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.4) दिल्ली सल्तनत के विभागों के निम्नलिखित युग्मों पर इसके प्राथमिक कार्यों के साथ विचार करें: दीवान-ए- रियासत - धार्मिक मामलों का विभाग। दीवान-ए- कोही - कृषि विभाग। दीवान-ए- बंदगान - दासों का विभाग। ऊपर दी गई कौन सी जोड़ी सही ढंग से सुमेलित है / हैं? केवल 1 और 3 केवल 2  केवल 2 और 3 1, 2 और 3 Q.5) Which of the following Delhi Sultans did receive the mansur, the letter of permission, from the Caliph? Iltutmish Balban Alauddin Khalji  Muhammad bin Tughlaq Firoz Shah Tughlaq Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1, 2 and 3 only 2, 3 and 4 only 1, 4 and 5 only 3, 4 and 5 only Q.5) निम्नलिखित में से किस दिल्ली सुल्तान ने खलीफा से मंसूर (mansur), अनुमति पत्र प्राप्त किया था? इल्तुतमिश बलबन अलाउद्दीन खिलजी मुहम्मद बिन तुगलक फिरोज शाह तुगलक नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें: केवल 1, 2 और 3 केवल 2, 3 और 4 केवल 1, 4 और 5 केवल 3, 4 और 5 Q.6) Consider of the following statements regarding contributions of Amir Khusrau: He evolved a new style of light music known as qwalis by blending the Hindu and Iranian systems. He created a new style of Persian poetry called Sabaq-i-Hind. His work Tughlaq Nama deals with the rise of Ghyiasuddin Tughlaq. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?  1 and 2 only 3 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.6) अमीर ख़ुसरो के योगदान के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: उन्होंने हिंदू और ईरानी प्रणालियों के सम्मिश्रण द्वारा क़व्वाली (qawwalis) के रूप में जाने जाने वाले हल्के संगीत की एक नई शैली विकसित की। उन्होंने फ़ारसी कविता की एक नई शैली का निर्माण किया जिसे सबक-ए-हिंद कहा जाता है। उनका कार्य तुगलकनामा, ग़यासुद्दीन तुगलक के उदय से संबंधित है। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 और 2 केवल 3 केवल 2 और 3 1, 2 और 3 Q.7) With reference to the system of coinage during Delhi Sultanate, consider the following statements: Balban introduced the Arabic coinage into India and the silver tanka. Gold coins or dinars became popular during the reign of Alauddin Khalji. Muhammad bin Tughlaq stopped minting gold coins and started token currency. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?  1 and 3 only 2 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.7) दिल्ली सल्तनत के दौरान सिक्कों की प्रणाली के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: भारत में बलबन ने अरबी सिक्का और चांदी का टंका प्रस्तुत किया। अलाउद्दीन खिलजी के शासनकाल के दौरान सोने के सिक्के या दीनार लोकप्रिय हुए। मुहम्मद बिन तुगलक ने सोने के सिक्कों का मुद्रण बंद कर दिया और सांकेतिक मुद्रा आरंभ की। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 और 3 केवल 2  केवल 2 और 3 1, 2 और 3 Q.8) Which of the following statement about Sufism is NOT correct? Sufism was a liberal reform movement within Islam originated in Persia. Sufis believed service to humanity was tantamount to service to God. In Sufism, the guidance of a pir or guru was considered an essential condition to gain knowledge of God by sense of perception.  Sufis consider love and devotion as the only means of attaining salvation. Q.8) सूफीवाद के बारे में, निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कथन सही नहीं है? सूफीवाद फारस में उत्पन्न इस्लाम के भीतर एक उदारवादी सुधार आंदोलन था। सूफियों का मानना था कि मानवता की सेवा ईश्वर की सेवा के समान है। सूफीवाद में, एक पीर या गुरु के मार्गदर्शन को धारणा की भावना से भगवान का ज्ञान प्राप्त करने के लिए एक आवश्यक शर्त माना जाता था। सूफ़ी प्रेम और भक्ति को मोक्ष प्राप्ति का एकमात्र साधन मानते हैं। Q.9) Consider the following statements about Guru Nanak:  He was a Nirguna Bhakti Saint and social reformer. He compiled the Adi Granth, the holy religious book of Sikhism. He was the contemporary of Mughal Emperor Babur. He advocated a middle path in which spiritual life could be combined with the duties of the householder.  Which of the following statements is/are correct?  1 and 3 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 4 only 1, 3 and 4 only Q.9) गुरु नानक के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: वह निर्गुण भक्ति संत और समाज सुधारक थे। उन्होंने सिख धर्म के पवित्र धार्मिक ग्रंथ आदि ग्रन्थ का संकलन किया। वह मुगल सम्राट बाबर के समकालीन थे। उन्होंने एक मध्य मार्ग की वकालत की जिसमें आध्यात्मिक जीवन को गृहस्थ के कर्तव्यों के साथ जोड़ा जा सके। निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कथन सही है / हैं? केवल 1 और 3 केवल 2 और 3 केवल 1 और 4 केवल 1, 3 और 4 Q.10) With reference to Ibadat Khana, consider the following statements: It was set up to discuss religious and spiritual topics by Akbar. It was opened for the Muslims, Hindus, Christians and Zorastrians. The debates in the Ibadat Khana were discontinued during the reign of Aurangzeb. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only 1 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.10) इबादत खाना के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: यह अकबर द्वारा धार्मिक और आध्यात्मिक विषयों पर चर्चा करने के लिए स्थापित किया गया था। इसे मुस्लिमों, हिंदुओं, ईसाइयों और पारसियों के लिए खोला गया था। औरंगज़ेब के शासनकाल के दौरान इबादत ख़ाना में वाद-विवाद बंद कर दिया गया था। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 और 2 केवल 1  केवल 2 और 3 1, 2 और 3 Q.11) Who among the following translated the Bhagavat Gita and Upanishads into the Persian language? Abul Faizi Abdul Hamid Lahori Dara Shikoh Inayat Khan Q.11) निम्नलिखित में से किसने भागवत गीता और उपनिषदों का फारसी भाषा में अनुवाद किया था? अबुल फैजी अब्दुल हमीद लाहौरी दारा शिकोह इनायत खान Q.12) Consider the following pairs: Posts under Mughal Administration  Primary Function / Role    1. Mutasaddi Governor of the port    2. Shiqdar Executive officer at the lever of Sarkar    3. Muhtasibs Watch over the conduct of people Which of the pairs given above are incorrectly matched? 1 and 3 only 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 2 only Q.12) निम्नलिखित युग्मों पर विचार करें:                   मुग़ल प्रशासन के अंतर्गत पद प्राथमिक कार्य / भूमिका    1. मुतसद्दी (Mutasaddi) बंदरगाह का गवर्नर    2. शिकदार (Shiqdar) सरकार इकाई में कार्यकारी अधिकारी    3. मुहतसिब (Muhtasibs) लोगों के आचरण पर नजर रखना   ऊपर दी गई कौन सी जोड़ी गलत तरीके से मेल खाती है? केवल 1 और 3 केवल 2  केवल 2 और 3 केवल 1 और 2 Q.13) With reference to the cultural history of India, 'Hamzanama' is related to Description of Mughal administration. Collection of miniature paintings. Autobiography of Humayun. Royal orders issued by Mughal kings. Q.13) भारत के सांस्कृतिक इतिहास के संदर्भ में, 'हम्ज़ानामा' का संबंध किससे है मुगल प्रशासन का वर्णन। लघु चित्रों का संग्रह। हुमायूँ की आत्मकथा। मुगल राजाओं द्वारा जारी शाही आदेश। Q.14) Consider the following statements about Tomb of Itimad Ud Daulah: It was constructed by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan at Agra. It is famous for being the first tomb in India to be built entirely of white marble.  Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect? 1 only 2 only  Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.14) इतिमाद उद दौला के मकबरे के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: इसका निर्माण आगरा में मुगल सम्राट शाहजहाँ द्वारा किया गया था। यह भारत में पहले मकबरे के रूप में प्रसिद्द है, जो पूरी तरह से सफेद संगमरमर से बनाया गया है। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा गलत है / हैं? केवल 1 केवल 2  1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.15) Consider of the following statements: Mughal paintings reached its climax during the reign of Jahangir. The climax of fort-building reached during the reign of Akbar. Mosque-building reached its peak during Shah Jahan’s reign. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?  1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.15) निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: मुगल चित्रकला जहाँगीर के शासनकाल के दौरान अपने चरमोत्कर्ष पर पहुँच गयी थी। किले के निर्माण का चरमोत्कर्ष अकबर के शासनकाल के दौरान पहुंचा था। शाहजहाँ के शासनकाल में मस्जिद-निर्माण अपने चरमोत्कर्ष पर पहुँच गया था। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 और 2 केवल 2 और 3 केवल 1 और 3 1, 2 और 3 Q.16)  Consider the following statements about the Krishna Dev Raya of Vijayanagar kingdom: There were nine eminent luminaries in literature known as Navratans at his court. He himself authored a Sanskrit work, Amuktamalyada and a Telugu work, Jambavati Kalyanam. Apart from building large number of Rayagopurams, he also built a new city called Nagalapuram. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct? 1 and 2 only 3 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only Q.16) विजयनगर साम्राज्य के कृष्ण देव राय के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: उनके दरबार में नवरत्नों के रूप में जाने जाने वाले साहित्यकारों में नौ प्रतिष्ठित साहित्यकार थे। वे स्वयं एक संस्कृत कार्य, आमुक्तमाल्यद तथा एक तेलुगु कार्य, जांबवती कल्याणम के लेखक थे। बड़ी संख्या में रायगोपुरम के निर्माण के अलावा, उन्होंने एक नया शहर भी बनाया जिसका नाम नागालपुरम था। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 और 2 केवल 3 केवल 2 और 3 केवल 1 और 3 Q.17) With reference to administration under the Vijayanagar kingdom, consider the following statements: The provincial governors had a large measure of autonomy. Land revenue was fixed at generally one sixth of the produce. Chola traditions of village self-government were considerably weakened under the Vijaynagar rulers. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?  1 and 2 only 3 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.17) विजयनगर साम्राज्य के अंतर्गत प्रशासन के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: प्रांतीय गवर्नरों के पास स्वायत्तता का एक बड़ा अधिकार था। भूमि राजस्व आम तौर पर उपज का एक-छठां भाग तय किया गया था। विजयनगर शासकों के अधीन, ग्राम स्वशासन की चोल परंपराओं को काफी कमजोर कर दिया गया था। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 और 2 केवल 3 केवल 2 और 3 1, 2 और 3 Q.18) Which of the following statements is NOT correct about Peshwa Baji Rao I? He was the greatest exponent of guerrilla tactics after Shivaji. He initiated the system of confederacy among the Maratha chiefs. During his reign, the supreme power from Chhatrapati was transferred to the Peshwa. He captured Salsette and Bassein from the Portuguese. Q.18) पेशवा बाजी राव प्रथम के बारे में, निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कथन सही नहीं है? वह शिवाजी के बाद गुरिल्ला रणनीति के सबसे बड़े प्रतिपादक थे। उन्होंने मराठा प्रमुखों के बीच संघ की व्यवस्था (system of confederacy) आरंभ की। उनके शासनकाल के दौरान, छत्रपति से सर्वोच्च शक्ति पेशवा को हस्तांतरित की गई थी। उन्होंने पुर्तगालियों से साल्सेट और बसीन को छीन लिया था। Q.19) Consider the following pairs:       Successor States Founded by    1. Hyderabad Chin Qilich Khan    2. Awadh Saadatullah Khan    3. Bengal Murshid Quli Khan Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched? 1 and 3 only 1 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.19) निम्नलिखित युग्मों पर विचार करें:                   उत्तराधिकारी राज्य संस्थापक     1. हैदराबाद चिन किलिच खान    2. अवध सआदतुल्ला खान    3. बंगाल मुर्शिद कुली खान   ऊपर दिए गए युग्मों में से, कौन सा सही तरीके से सुमेलित है? केवल 1 और 3 केवल 1 केवल 2 और 3  1, 2 और 3 Q.20) Which of the following privileges obtained by the East India Company was/were regarded as the Magna Carta of the Company? Permission granted to establish factories by the Mughal emperor Jahangir and ruler of Chandragiri. ‘Golden Farman’ issued to the Company by the Sultan of Golconda. The subahdar allowed to trade in Bengal in return for an annual payment of Rs 3,000, in lieu of all duties. Three farmans secured from the Mughal emperor Farrukhsiyar. Q.20) ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी द्वारा प्राप्त निम्नलिखित में से कौन सी विशेषाधिकार कंपनी के लिए मैग्ना कार्टा के रूप में माना जाता है? मुगल सम्राट जहांगीर और चंद्रगिरी के शासक द्वारा कारखानों को स्थापित करने की अनुमति। गोलकुंडा के सुल्तान द्वारा कंपनी को जारी किया गया 'स्वर्णिम फरमान' सूबेदार ने सभी शुल्कों के स्थान पर, 3,000 रुपये के वार्षिक भुगतान के बदले बंगाल में व्यापार करने की अनुमति दी। मुगल बादशाह फर्रुखसियर द्वारा जारी किए गए तीन फरमान। Q.21) Arrange the four southernmost islands of the Kuril Islands starting from north to south:  Habomai Island Shikotan Island Etorofu Island  Kunashiri Island Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 3 – 4 – 2 – 1 3 – 2 – 1 – 4 4 – 1 – 3 – 2 Q.21) उत्तर से आरंभ होकर दक्षिण तक, कुरील द्वीप के चार दक्षिणी द्वीपों को व्यवस्थित करें: हबोमई द्वीप (Habomai Island) शिकोतन द्वीप (Shikotan Island) एटोरोफू द्वीप (Etorofu Island) कुनाशिरी द्वीप (Kunashiri Island) नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें: 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 3 - 4 - 2 - 1 3 - 2 - 1 - 4 4 - 1 - 3 - 2 Q.22) Consider the following statements: A Government Security (G-Sec) is a tradable instrument issued by the Central Government or the State Governments. Central Government and State Governments issues both treasury bills and bonds or dated securities. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?  1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.22) निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: एक सरकारी प्रतिभूति (G-Sec), केंद्र सरकार या राज्य सरकारों द्वारा जारी किया जाने वाला एक व्यापार योग्य साधन है। केंद्र सरकार और राज्य सरकारें ट्रेजरी बिल और बॉन्ड या दिनांकित प्रतिभूतियां दोनों जारी करती हैं। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 केवल 2  1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.23) With reference to whale shark, Consider the following statements: The whale sharks are the biggest fish and shark in the world. Like human fingerprints, each whale shark has its own individual spot pattern, no two are exactly alike. The whale sharks are notorious for attacking humans. Which of the statements given above is/are Correct?  1 and 3 only 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.23) व्हेल शार्क (whale shark) के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: व्हेल शार्क संसार की सबसे बड़ी मछली और शार्क हैं। मानव फिंगरप्रिंट की तरह, प्रत्येक व्हेल शार्क का अपना अलग स्पॉट पैटर्न (spot pattern) होता है, कोई भी दो बिल्कुल समान नहीं होती हैं। व्हेल शार्क इंसानों पर हमला करने के लिए कुख्यात हैं। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 और 3 केवल 1 और 2 केवल 2 और 3 1, 2 और 3 Q.24) Which of the following countries is/are not the part of regional network of South Asia Wildlife Enforcement Network (SAWEN)? Afghanistan Maldives Myanmar Pakistan Thailand Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1, 2 and 5 only 3 and 5 only 1,2 3 and 5 only 1,2,3,4 and 5 Q.24) निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा देश दक्षिण एशिया वन्यजीव प्रवर्तन नेटवर्क (SAWEN) के क्षेत्रीय नेटवर्क का हिस्सा नहीं है? अफ़ग़ानिस्तान मालदीव म्यांमार पाकिस्तान थाईलैंड नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें: केवल 1, 2 और 5 केवल 3 और 5 केवल 1, 2, 3 और 5 1, 2, 3, 4 और 5 Q.25) Consider the following statement based on the Pollution Index developed by MoEFCC for industrial sectors: Industrial Sectors having Pollution Index score of 60 and above are categorized under Red category No Red category of industries shall be permitted in the ecologically fragile area / protected area. Industries like milk & dairy products are included in the White category. Which of the statements given above is/are Correct?  1 and 2 only 1 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.25) औद्योगिक क्षेत्रों के लिए  MoEFCC द्वारा विकसित प्रदूषण सूचकांक पर आधारित निम्नलिखित कथन पर विचार करें: 60 और उससे अधिक के प्रदूषण सूचकांक वाले औद्योगिक क्षेत्र को लाल श्रेणी में वर्गीकृत किया गया है पारिस्थितिक रूप से नाजुक क्षेत्र / संरक्षित क्षेत्र में उद्योगों की लाल श्रेणी को कोई अनुमति नहीं दी जाएगी। दूध और डेयरी उत्पाद जैसे उद्योग श्वेत श्रेणी में शामिल हैं। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 और 2 केवल 1 केवल 1 और 3 1, 2 और 3 Q.26) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘PM CARES Fund’. The fund consists entirely of voluntary contributions from individuals/organizations and does not get any budgetary support. Donations to PM CARES Fund does not qualify to be counted as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) expenditure under the Companies Act, 2013. Donations to PM CARES Fund would qualify for 80G benefits for 100% exemption under the Income Tax Act, 1961. PM CARES Fund cannot accept donations and contributions from individuals and organizations based in foreign countries. Select the correct statements 1 and 2 1 and 3 3 and 4 2 and 4 Q.26) ‘PM CARES फंड’ के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। इस कोष में पूरी तरह से व्यक्तियों / संगठनों द्वारा स्वैच्छिक योगदान होता है तथा इसे कोई बजटीय सहायता नहीं मिलती है। PM CARES फंड को दान कंपनी अधिनियम, 2013 के तहत कॉर्पोरेट सामाजिक उत्तरदायित्व (CSR) व्यय के रूप में गिने जाने योग्य नहीं है। PM CARES फंड में दान को आयकर अधिनियम, 1961 के तहत 100% छूट के लिए 80G लाभ हेतु अर्हता प्राप्त है। PM CARES फंड विदेशों में स्थित व्यक्तियों और संगठनों से दान और योगदान को स्वीकार नहीं कर सकता है। सही कथनों का चयन करें 1 और 2 1 और 3 3 और 4 2 और 4 Q.27) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Kr00k’. It is a security vulnerability that allows some WPA2 encrypted WiFi traffic to be decrypted. It only affects wearable devices. Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.27) ‘Kr00k’ के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। यह एक सुरक्षा भेद्यता है जो कुछ WPA2 एन्क्रिप्ट किए गए वाईफाई ट्रैफ़िक को डिक्रिप्ट करने की अनुमति देता है। यह केवल लगाने योग्य उपकरणों (wearable devices) को प्रभावित करता है। सही कथनों का चयन करें केवल 1 केवल 2  1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.28) The ‘SEIR model’ which was in news recently is associated with Infectious Diseases Price Deficiency Payment Mechanism Aquaponics and Hydroponics Quantum Computing Q.28) ‘SEIR मॉडल’ जो हाल ही में समाचारों में था, किसके साथ संबद्ध है संक्रामक रोग (Infectious Diseases) मूल्य न्यूनता भुगतान प्रणाली (Price Deficiency Payment Mechanism) एक्वापोनिक्स और हाइड्रोपोनिक्स (Aquaponics and Hydroponics) क्वांटम कम्प्यूटिंग Q.29) Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched? Sukhna Lake – Himachal Pradesh Otteri Lake – Tamil Nadu Vellayani Lake – Kerala Select the correct statements 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.29) निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा युग्म सही रूप से सुमेलित है / हैं? सुखना झील - हिमाचल प्रदेश ओटेरी झील - तमिलनाडु वेल्लयानी झील - केरल सही कथनों का चयन करें 1 और 2 2 और 3 1 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.30) The ‘Bonphool’ brand which was in news recently is associated with Honey Jaggery Rice Milk Q.30) ‘बोनफूल’ (Bonphool) ब्रांड, जो हाल ही में समाचारों में था, किससे संबंधित है शहद गुड़ चावल दूध DOWNLOAD THE SOLUTION ENGLISH HINDI NOTE- Follow this for Comments Mention- Time Taken after solving the Test After the release of Solution Edit your Comment to Mention-  Correct/Incorrect and Score 2 Marks for Correct/0.66 minus for Incorrect. DOWNLOAD THE 60 DAYS PLAN 2020  PRELIMS EXCLUSIVE CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASSES (12 SESSIONS-By Tauseef Sir): STARTING 15 APRIL- JOIN NOW! All the Best! IASbaba

Apr 28, 2020 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 28th April 2020

IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 28th April 2020 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) survey: Industries struggle amidst the pandemic  Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Industries In News: Companies were surveyed recently regarding the difficulties being faced by them due to the lockdown which was imposed to contain the spread of COVID-19 pandemic.  Almost half of the industries which have been allowed to reopen still face hurdles in obtaining permits to function and passes for employees. Key takeaways: Movement:  60% of surveyed companies faced disruption in the movement of inputs and finished goods. Only 15% of them said that movement of raw materials and finished goods was taking place smoothly. 23% said such movement was not taking place at all. Permits:  19% of companies said permits were not available to them.  27% said they had faced delays.  67% said the daily commute was problematic.  Functioning:  Only 10% of plants were functioning at more than 50% of their full capacity.  Only 9% of firms have more than half their workers back on site. CII demanded that businesses should be allowed to function without need of permits in non-containment areas.  Also, workers should be allowed to commute to work in their own vehicles on the basis of a letter issued by the employer without need of a government pass. Important value additions: Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) CII is a non-government, not-for-profit, industry-led and industry-managed organization. Founded in 1895, it works with the Government on policy issues.  Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 28th April 2020 Image source: Click here  Basava Jayanthi: Birth anniversary of Vishwaguru Basaveshwara Part of: GS Prelims and GS-I – Ancient Indian history; Socio-cultural reform movements In News: Recently, The Prime Minister of India greeted the people on Global Basava Jayanthi It is celebrated on April 26 to honour the birth of Vishwaguru Basaveshwara.  Important value additions: Basaveshwara He was born in Bagevadi (of undivided Bijapur district in Karnataka) during 1131 AD.  He was the 12th century philosopher and social reformer who gave a unique spiritual path to mankind. He is the founding saint of the Lingayat sect. His spiritual discipline was based on the principles of: Arivu (true knowledge),  Achara (right conduct),  Anubhava (divine experience)  His practical approach and act of establishment of ‘Kalyana Rajya’ (Welfare state) brought a new status and position for all the citizens of the society, irrespective of class, caste, creed and sex. He established the Anubhava Mantapa, which was a common forum for all to discuss the prevailing problems of socio, economic and political areas.  It was the first and foremost socio-religious Parliament of India.  On 14th November 2015, the Prime Minister of India also inaugurated the statue of Basavanna along the bank of the river Thames at Lambeth in London. SN 2010kd: a super-luminous supernova that exploded rapidly and decayed slowly Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Space In News: Researchers at the Arayabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Nainital recently carried out study of SN 2010kd ARIES is an autonomous research institute under the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India.  Key takeaways: SN 2010kd is a super-luminous supernova which ejected huge amounts of mass and Nickel during explosion. The amount of ejection was much more than seen in case of normal core-collapse supernovae, which indicates that the related star evolution might be different.  It exploded with a larger velocity but decayed slower than other similar supernovae. Important value additions: Supernovae are types of energetic explosions where the core of massive stars explode, liberating huge amounts of energy.   These events are visible through very far away distances much beyond our own solar system.  Super-luminous supernovae are a special type of explosions having energy output 10 or more times higher than that of standard supernovae.  Miscellaneous  Exercise ‘Pitch Black’ Pitch Black 2020, Australia's premier multilateral air combat training exercise has been cancelled due to the COVID-19 situation. In its last edition in 2018, the Indian Air Force (IAF) deployed fighter aircraft for the first time.  The bilateral naval exercise AUSINDEX (between Australia and India), early last year, saw participation of the largest Australian contingent ever to India with over 1,000 personnel.  (MAINS FOCUS) INTERNATIONAL/ ECONOMY/ GOVERNANCE Topic: General Studies 2 & 3: Impact of policies and politics of developing & developed world on India Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors  Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.  COVID-19: Disruption and a new order Context: Former National Security Advisor M.K. Narayanan analyses the geopolitical and geo-economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic. These are as follows Institutions under fire UN Security Council is criticised for being slow in dealing with a situation that is far dangerous than any military threat in recent decades. WHO has been alleged of bias towards China and of grossly underestimating the nature of the epidemic. Economic shock World Bank has already predicted negative growth for most nations.  India’s growth forecast for the current fiscal year has been put at 1.5% to 2.8%.  Political Management Tools used by Democratic governments to tackle COVID-19 are similar to authoritarian regimes such as China and people have welcomed such measures The role of the state as an enforcer of public good will become greatly enhanced. For instance: Europe has shown a willingness to sacrifice personal liberties in favour of greater state control An omnipotent state could well become a reality i.e. present everywhere and monitoring people through mass surveillance China in the spotlight China due to its ‘early recovery’ seeks to take advantage of and benefit from the problems faced by the world in the wake of the epidemic.  It wants to use its manufacturing capability to its geo-economic advantage. Hostile Takeover: China intends to acquire stakes in companies across the world, taking advantage of the scaled-down value of their assets It wants to gain soft power by offering medical aid & supplies to other nations China aims to dominate the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), thus enabling it to exploit market access across the S.E. Asia and E. Asia Through pushing its Belt & Road Initiative it is trying to achieve China-centric multilateral globalisation framework. A faltering West Weakened economically and politically after COVID-19, the U.S.’s capacity to play a critical role in world affairs is certain to diminish. United States is already being pronounced by some as a ‘failing’ state Europe, in the short and medium term, will prove incapable of defining and defending its common interests Germany, which may still retain some of its present strength, is already turning insular Both France and a post-Brexit United Kingdom will be out of the reckoning  West Asia and India The oil price meltdown will aggravate an already difficult situation across the region Iran is going to face further difficulties due to US sanction Israel may be one country that is in a position to exploit this situation to its advantage. Indian expatriate community in West Asia region may return back home leading to reduced inflow of foreign funds Economic downturn greatly reduces India’s room for manoeuvre in South Asian region while China gains new friends through its economic diplomacy Conclusion Pandemics have often changed the world and reshaped human society. We can expect the same with COVID-19. Connecting the dots: Latin America – Impact of COVID-19 Sustainable development goals in the post-COVID-19 world ECONOMY/GOVERNANCE Topic: General Studies 2 & 3: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors  Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR) Context: The oil price meltdown provides an opportunity for oil importing country like India to tweak its energy policies to take advantage of the situation Did You Know? Brent Crude Oil is trading around $25 a barrel (April 2020), the lowest in 18 years. In 2019, the average closing price of a barrel of crude was $57.05. In 2018, it was $64.90, and in 2017, U$50.84.  Reduced oil price and India Normally, reduced oil prices would translate into surplus oil for the consumers  It also means a fiscal bonus for the government through increased tax collections (when the reduced price is not fully transferred to consumers) However, these gains will not be easy to come by given that the demand for petrol has drastically reduced. Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR) programme Objective is to maintain emergency stockpile of oil reserves India claims to have 87 days of reserves.  Out of this, Oil refiners maintain 65 days of oil storage  The rest of the reserves are held in underground salt caverns maintained by Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Limited (ISPRL).  The existing and planned capacity for the underground reserves is 10 and 12 days of import cover for crude oil respectively. Issue with SPR  Lack of transparency with refinery holdings. The SPR arrangement between the oil refineries and the Union or state governments is not specified well A breakdown of which refineries hold SPR and in what form (crude or refined) or information about where they are located is not publicly available. Ambiguity surrounding the mobilisation process  SPR are meant to be utilized for emergency purposes, where time is crucial.  However, there is no definite framework delineating roles for various agencies Way Ahead Policy Framework: ISPRL could fill up the reserves each time the price of Brent crude oil falls below a certain price, say $35 per barrel.  The procedures, protocols and facts about Indian SPR storage require greater public and parliamentary scrutiny Thus, there is a need to introduce transparency and accountability in relation to the SPR SPR mobilisation process could be made more efficient by laying out designated roles for different agencies to avoid duplication of work in times of crisis India should look to diversify its SPR holdings. Diversification can be based on  Geographical location - storing oil either domestically or abroad. For instance: Trincomalee in Sri Lanka, Oman (Ras Markaz)  Storage location - underground or overground  Product type (oil can be held in either crude or refined form).  Form of ownership — either publicly owned through ISPRL or by private oil companies, such as ADNOC of Abu Dhabi, which could fill up the SPR when prices are low Connecting the dots: Solar Power in the times of reduced Oil Prices 1973 Oil Crisis (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note:  Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers.  Comments Up-voted by IASbaba are also the “correct answers”. Q.1 With regard to the survey carried out recently by Confederation of Indian Industry, consider the following statements: 15% of them said that movement of raw materials and finished goods was taking place smoothly. Only 10% of plants were functioning at more than 50% of their full capacity. Which of the above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2 SN 2010kd, recently seen in news, is associated with which of the following? Super- Luminous Supernova  Discovery of a new Galaxy  Discovery of a new planet  A comet which could hit the planet earth Q.3 Consider the following statements regarding Basaveshwara: He is the founding saint of Lingayat sect. He established Anubhava Mantapa which is considered as the first Socio-religious Parliament of India.  Which of the above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.4 Exercise Pitch Black, recently seen in news, was being conducted by which of the following country? USA Japan Australia Russia ANSWERS FOR 27th April 2020 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 C 2 A 3 B 4 A 5 B Must Read About importance to preserve MPC framework by former RBI Governor: The Indian Express About Politics in Pakistan: The Indian Express An article by former Foreign Secretary about India in Post-pandemic world: The Hindu

Apr 28, 2020 Important Articles

REGISTER NOW: IASbaba’s ALL INDIA MOCK EXAM -UPSC PRELIMS 2020 General Studies Paper 1 & Paper 2 – OPEN FOR ALL!! (5 GS & 4 CSAT TESTS)

IASbaba’s ALL INDIA MOCK EXAM -UPSC PRELIMS 2020 General Studies Paper 1 & Paper 2– OPEN FOR ALL!! (5 GS & 4 CSAT TESTS)   Hello Everyone, First of all, we would like to thank  you for the immense support and awesome feedback on the First OPEN Mock that was conducted on 23rd April. It was great to see that so many aspirants are focused on their goal despite the difficult circumstances. For the IASbaba’s All India Full Mock Exam- 1, almost 7500 students registered, and close to 4200 (approx) students took the test. With the sample space, it was like a real Prelims exam. As one of the feedback catches its essence – Considering the demand, we are announcing EIGHT MORE OPEN MOCKS for General Studies and CSAT.  Here is the time-table for the same. GENERAL STUDIES MOCK 1- Already Conducted on 23rd April GENERAL STUDIES MOCK 2 & CSAT 1- 1st MAY 2020 and  GENERAL STUDIES MOCK 3 & CSAT 2- 7th MAY 2020 GENERAL STUDIES MOCK 4 & CSAT 3- 14th MAY 2020 GENERAL STUDIES MOCK 5 & CSAT 4- 20th MAY 2020 You need to continue your practice and plug the loopholes in your preparation. We hope that our 60 day plan is helping many of you to keep your preparation on track. We thank everyone for the positive feedback and also for constructive criticism. We are trying our level best to clarify all your conceptual queries on the platform (#ASKBABA) and also through the HOTLINE. We request the aspirants to fully make use of this opportunity and ask as many questions as possible. You need to remember that each query is unique and no question is trivial. If you have a doubt it should be clarified.   GUIDELINES/STEPS to Follow: To make the Registration easier this time, there is ONLY 1 Step to follow. Those who had Registered to take MOCK TEST 1 (whcih was held on 23rd April) need not register again. REGISTER here: https://test.iasbaba.com/register/ If you already have an account, click LOGIN in the top right corner. Else click REGISTER. Once you click on Register, you need to fill the following fields- your Name, Email id, Password, Phone number. Make sure that only Valid details are keyed in, else you will not be able to take the Mock Exam. Once you have successfully registered, an Activation Email will be sent to your Registered Email ID. Click on the Activation link to activate your account. Please Note that SOLUTION (Detailed Explanation) PDF will be sent to your REGISTERED Email id.   On the Exam Day  How to Start the EXAM? You can take the Exam on the given date: https://test.iasbaba.com/login/ The exam timing is 9.30 AM onward.  Now you can log in to the test platform, using registered email id and password. Once you log in, Click on LEARN in the top menu. You will find the FULL MOCK of that day. Click on the test to START the exam. Please Note that, if the power/internet is disconnected, then you can follow the LOGIN and click on the LEARN TAB and click on FULL MOCK EXAM to resume the exam.   How to check the Results? You can check your results here: The link will be updated within 24 hours after the exam. The Results (All India Rank ) will be announced on 3rd May for FULL MOCK 2, 9th May for FULL MOCK 3, 16th May for FULL MOCK 4 and 22nd May for FULL MOCK 5 (Same for CSAT Tests) Also, you can see your results in real-time i.e, once you complete the Test, under RESULTS TAB. Please Note:- SOLUTION (Detailed Explanation)PDF will be sent to your REGISTERED Email id.   DISCUSSION PAGE ON MOCK TEST -1 ->CLICK HERE IMPORTANT NOTE: All the MOCK EXAMS will be ACTIVE till the day of UPSC Prelims Exam 2020. You can take the Mock Tests anytime till that day. But we would suggest you to take it as per the Schedule mentioned above, so that you don't waste your time, keep the momentum going and bring discipline in your preparation. Only students with Email ids and other mentioned fields can take up the Exam and Ranks will be announced accordingly! Kindly login one day before the exam and check whether you are able to see the FULL MOCK under the LEARN tab, if not mail us on support@iasbaba.com. For any Queries - Mail us on support@iasbaba.com   OTHER IMPORTANT UPDATES on IASbaba: For PRELIMS TIPS/STRATEGY (Do's & Dont's) by Mohan Sir, IASbaba Founder -> CLICK HERE PRELIMS EXCLUSIVE: CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASSES (12 SESSIONS-By Tauseef Sir): JOIN NOW! CONNECT WITH BABA: IASbaba’s Dedicated HOTLINE & #ASKBABA initiative for UPSC Aspirants !!   MUST-READ: For Motivation NEW Initiative -LOCKDOWN & YOU – Unlock Your Talent & Creativity! -> CLICK HERE Coronavirus: Awareness, Myths, Solidarity and Message to All UPSC Aspirants by Mohan Sir Founder IASbaba MUST READ: PRELIMS in Testing Times – Don’t Forget the ‘WHY’; IASbaba’s dedicated HOTLINE for Aspirants and Prelims Postponing Rumours [STRATEGY] MUST READ: 21 Days of Lockdown -What to do? Introspect, Ideate and Improve !! To get Regular Updates from IASbaba, follow- 👉 TELEGRAM Channel - https://t.me/IASbabaOfficialAccount 👉 YOUTUBE  -  https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChvbVdio9Wgj7Z3nQz1Q0ZQ 👉 FACEBOOK  - https://www.facebook.com/iasbaba/ Also, SUBSCRIBE to the WEBSITE, so that you don't miss out on important posts! Thank You IASbaba

Apr 28, 2020 60 DAYS PROGRAMME-PRELIMS 2020

IASbaba’s 60 Day Plan [Day - 50]- IAS Prelims Test Series 2020 POLITY & CURRENT AFFAIRS

ARCHIVES OF 60 DAY PLAN PRELIMS EXCLUSIVE CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASSES (12 SESSIONS-By Tauseef Sir): STARTING ON 16 APRIL JOIN NOW!   Dear Students, The 60 Days Training has finally begun:) DAY 50 is here! It is time to Introspect, Ideate and Improve!! We have come-up with articles to instil confidence, motivate you in the present situation. Do read these articles. Mark the words/lines in your dairy. These very lines can be the driving force’ in the time of uncertainty. [STRATEGY] MUST READ: 21 Days of Lockdown-What to do? Introspect, Ideate and Improve !! MUST READ: PRELIMS in Testing Times – Don’t Forget the ‘WHY’; IASbaba’s dedicated HOTLINE for Aspirants and Prelims Postponing Rumours Coronavirus[VIDEO]: Awareness, Myths, Solidarity and Message to All UPSC Aspirants by Mohan Sir Founder IASbaba   To ensure that your preparation goes smoothly and keeping up with our promise, we have come up with a Dedicated HOTLINE (Communication channel) - Connect with BABA for all UPSC/IAS Aspirants. From today, you will be able to speak with the Founders and Core Team of IASbaba on telephone regarding ‘any queries’ related to UPSC preparation in general or Subject-specific doubts. This Hotline, will be in addition to the 'ASK YOUR BABA' (#ASKBABA) thread opened on a daily basis for our 60 Day plan. We will try to make sure that with so much going around these days, you have at least one less thing to worry about.   How to make use of HOTLINE and ASK YOUR BABA (#ASKBABA)? There are 2 initiatives which will be running parallely. 1. HOTLINE - Connect with BABA (5pm - 7pm) The communication channel will be open ONLY for 2 hours Daily (except on Sundays - holiday) from 5pm to 7 pm. Please do not make calls before or after the specified time. As we will be occupied with other daily initiatives running on the website and mentorship. Hope you understand our time constraints. Please note that, call facilities are mainly for queries related to preparation per se like strategies, difficulties in reading a subject, what to read, what not to read, how to manage time, revision, motivation etc. You can call on the numbers given below. For any queries related to - UPSC Preparation (Prelims, Mains, Interview) Strategy & Current Affairs – contact 9986190082 Environment & Science and Technology – contact 9986193016 Polity & Economics – contact 9899291288 Geography & History – contact 9591106864 We have separated General Strategy (Preparation per se – Pre, Mains, Interview) and Current Affairs from other subjects. You can make use of the HOTLINE, as per your needs.   2. ASK YOUR BABA (#ASKBABA) - clear your doubts on the 60 Day Platform (Online from 11 am - 10 pm) Use the disqus comment section of that particular day (60 Day post - For Ex: Today is Day 25) to clear all your subject specific doubts of the day. You can post your queries/doubts with #ASKBABA !! Here, doubts related to the 60 day questions or conceptual clarity in a particular subject can be asked. Your doubts will be cleared on real-time basis (or max within hour it will be answered from the subject experts) If you are genuinely finding difficulty interms of preparing with that particular subject, then you can use 5pm-7pm window to make calls. If you are not able to speak to IASbaba's Team, then you can still post your doubts/queries in the same post of the 60 day initiative. As mentioned above, your doubts will be cleared on real-time basis (or max within hour it will be answered from the subject experts). Make the best use of the communication channel (Ask Your Baba/comment section on daily 60 Day post and calls) provided. We will make sure that, all your queries will be answered to. So we have  tried our bit, to ensure your preparation goes smoothly, you can do your bit by keeping in touch with us via phone/ website to keep yourself going, keep yourself engaged and staying positive during the rough times.   How to make the maximum use of this HOTLINE and #ASKBABA (Disqus comment of 60 Day Plan) on Daily basis? Now, that I have solved 30 mcq’s, what to do next?  How to Analyse my Performance? For Answers to the above Questions  ->CONNECT WITH BABA: IASbaba’s Dedicated HOTLINE for UPSC/IAS Aspirants !!   Note- Download the OMR Sheet and attempt the questions exactly like UPSC Prelims. After you are done, please post your OMR in the comment section. Once the solution key is released (5 PM), cross-check the answers and again, comment the marks (you got) in the same comment thread. This will keep you responsible and sincere in days to come. Also, we need more sets of scores for releasing the cut offs in the night so, requesting all of you to sincerely put your scores in comment section.    You can also take part in discussion with peers.   Q.1) Consider the following statements regarding NITI Aayog It has been created by an executive resolution of the Government of India. One of its objectives is to develop mechanisms to formulate credible plans at the village level. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.1) नीति आयोग के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें यह भारत सरकार के एक कार्यकारी संकल्प द्वारा बनाया गया है। इसका एक उद्देश्य ग्रामीण स्तर पर विश्वसनीय योजनाओं को तैयार करने के लिए तंत्र विकसित करना है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.2) Consider the following statements regarding the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) The commission is a multi-member body consisting of a chairperson and five members. The chairman of the commission should be a serving or a retired chief justice of India. Among members, three persons (out of which atleast one should be a woman) having knowledge or practical experience with respect to human rights. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 All of the above Q.2) राष्ट्रीय मानवाधिकार आयोग (NHRC) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। आयोग एक बहु-सदस्यीय निकाय है जिसमें एक अध्यक्ष और पाँच सदस्य होते हैं। आयोग का अध्यक्ष, भारत का एक सेवारत या सेवानिवृत्त मुख्य न्यायाधीश होना चाहिए। सदस्यों में, तीन व्यक्ति (जिनमें से कम से कम एक महिला होनी चाहिए) को मानव अधिकारों के संबंध में ज्ञान या व्यावहारिक अनुभव होना चाहिए। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 1 और 3 2 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.3) Chairpersons from which of the following commissions serve as ex-officio members to the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)? The National Commission for SCs The National Commission for Minorities The National Commission for Protection of Child Rights The National Commission for Women Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 1,2 and 4 2 and 3 All of the above Q.3) निम्नलिखित आयोगों में से किसके अध्यक्ष, राष्ट्रीय मानवाधिकार आयोग (NHRC) के पदेन सदस्यों के रूप में कार्य करते हैं? राष्ट्रीय अनुसूचित जाति आयोग राष्ट्रीय अल्पसंख्यक आयोग राष्ट्रीय बाल अधिकार संरक्षण आयोग राष्ट्रीय महिला आयोग नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 1,2 और 4 2 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.4) Consider the following statements regarding the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) The chairperson and members hold office for a term of three years or until they attain the age of 70 years, whichever is earlier. The salaries, allowances and other conditions of service of the chairperson or a member are determined by the Parliament. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.4) राष्ट्रीय मानवाधिकार आयोग (NHRC) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। अध्यक्ष और सदस्य तीन वर्ष के कार्यकाल के लिए या जब तक वे 70 वर्ष की आयु प्राप्त नहीं कर लेते, जो भी पहले हो, पद पर बने रहते हैं। अध्यक्ष या सदस्य की सेवा के वेतन, भत्ते और अन्य शर्तें संसद द्वारा निर्धारित की जाती हैं। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.5) Consider the following statements regarding the State Human Rights Commission (SHRC) An SHRC can inquire into violation of human rights only in respect of subjects mentioned in the State List of the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution. The central government may confer upon the SHRCs the functions relating to human rights being discharged by any of the union territories. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.5) राज्य मानवाधिकार आयोग (SHRC) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। एक SHRC केवल संविधान की सातवीं अनुसूची में राज्य सूची में उल्लिखित विषयों के संबंध में मानव अधिकारों के उल्लंघन की जांच कर सकता है। केंद्र सरकार, किसी भी केंद्र शासित प्रदेश में मानव अधिकारों से संबंधित कार्यों को SHRCs को दे सकती है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.6) Consider the following statements regarding the Central Information Commission (CIC) Member of the Legislature of a State can be appointed as an Information Commissioner in CIC. Supreme Court has no role to play when the President removes the Chief Information Commissioner or any Information Commissioner on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.6) केंद्रीय सूचना आयोग (CIC) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। राज्य के विधानमंडल के सदस्य को सीआईसी में सूचना आयुक्त के रूप में नियुक्त किया जा सकता है। राष्ट्रपति द्वारा दुर्व्यवहार या अक्षमता के आधार पर मुख्य सूचना आयुक्त या किसी सूचना आयुक्त को हटाते समय सर्वोच्च न्यायालय की कोई भूमिका नहीं होती है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.7) Which of the following bodies fall under the Ministry of Home Affairs? Inter-State Council Zonal Councils National Human Rights Commission National Investigation Agency Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 1,2 and 4 2 and 3 All of the above Q.7) निम्नलिखित में से कौन से निकाय गृह मंत्रालय के अंतर्गत आते हैं? अंतर-राज्य परिषद (Inter-State Council) आंचलिक परिषद (Zonal Councils) राष्ट्रीय मानवाधिकार आयोग राष्ट्रीय जांच एजेंसी नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 1,2 और 4 2 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.8) Consider the following statements regarding State Information Commission A State Information Commissioner shall hold office for such term as prescribed by the State Government or until they attain the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier. The Governor has powers to remove the State Chief Information Commissioner or any State Information Commissioner.  Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.8) राज्य सूचना आयोग के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें राज्य सूचना आयुक्त ऐसे पद के लिए राज्य सरकार द्वारा निर्धारित या जब तक वे 65 वर्ष की आयु प्राप्त नहीं कर लेता, जो भी पहले हो, पद धारण करेगा। राज्यपाल के पास राज्य के मुख्य सूचना आयुक्त या किसी राज्य सूचना आयुक्त को हटाने की शक्तियां होती हैं। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.9) Consider the following statements regarding Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) CVC was established in 1964 as a statutory body for preventing corruption in the Central government. Its establishment was recommended by the Santhanam Committee on Prevention of Corruption. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.9) केंद्रीय सतर्कता आयोग (CVC) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। CVC की स्थापना 1964 में केंद्र सरकार में भ्रष्टाचार को रोकने के लिए एक सांविधिक निकाय के रूप में की गई थी। इसकी स्थापना की अनुशंसा भ्रष्टाचार निवारण पर संथानम समिति द्वारा की गई थी। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.10) Consider the following statements regarding Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) The Central Government is required to consult the CVC in making rules and regulations governing the vigilance and disciplinary matters relating to the members of Central Services and All India Services. The CVC has been notified as a specific authority to receive information relating to suspicious transactions under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.10) केंद्रीय सतर्कता आयोग (CVC) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। केंद्र सरकार को केंद्रीय सेवाओं और अखिल भारतीय सेवाओं के सदस्यों से संबंधित सतर्कता और अनुशासनात्मक मामलों को नियंत्रित करने वाले नियम और कानून बनाने में सीवीसी से परामर्श करने की आवश्यकता होती है। धन शोधन निवारण अधिनियम, 2002 के तहत संदिग्ध लेनदेन से संबंधित सूचना प्राप्त करने के लिए CVC को एक विशिष्ट प्राधिकारी के रूप में अधिसूचित किया गया है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.11) Consider the following statements regarding the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) The CBI is a statutory body established under the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946. The CBI investigates crime of corruption, economic offences, terror related crimes and serious and organized crime. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.11) केंद्रीय जांच ब्यूरो (CBI) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। सीबीआई दिल्ली विशेष पुलिस स्थापना अधिनियम, 1946 के तहत स्थापित एक वैधानिक निकाय है। सीबीआई भ्रष्टाचार, आर्थिक अपराधों, आतंक से संबंधित अपराधों तथा गंभीर और संगठित अपराध की जांच करती है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.12) Consider the following statements regarding features of Lokpal in India as given under Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act (2013) Institutions which are financed fully or partly by Government and institutions aided by Government are under the jurisdiction of Lokpal. The Lokpal has the power of superintendence and direction over CBI for cases referred to it by the Lokpal. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.12) लोकपाल और लोकायुक्त अधिनियम (2013) के तहत, भारत में लोकपाल की विशेषताओं के बारे में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। वे संस्थाएँ जो सरकार द्वारा पूरी तरह से या आंशिक रूप से वित्तपोषित और सरकार द्वारा सहायता प्राप्त संस्थान हैं, लोकपाल के प्राधिकार क्षेत्र में आते हैं। लोकपाल को लोकपाल द्वारा संदर्भित मामलों के लिए सीबीआई पर अधीक्षण और निर्देश की शक्ति है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.13) Consider the following statements regarding features of Lokpal in India as given under Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act (2013) Lokpal cannot suo motu proceed against any public servant. There is a limitation period of 7 years to file complaints with the Lokpal. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.13) लोकपाल और लोकायुक्त अधिनियम (2013) के तहत, भारत में लोकपाल की विशेषताओं के बारे में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। लोकपाल किसी भी लोक सेवक के विरुद्ध स्वतःसंज्ञान (suo motu) कार्यवाही नहीं कर सकता है। लोकपाल के पास शिकायतें दर्ज करने के लिए 7 वर्ष की सीमा अवधि होती है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.14) Consider the following statements regarding National Investigation Agency (NIA) The NIA was established in the backdrop of the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks. The jurisdiction of the NIA extends to terror attacks, cyber-terrorism, counterfeit currency notes and human trafficking. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.14) राष्ट्रीय जांच एजेंसी (NIA) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। एनआईए की स्थापना 2008 के मुंबई आतंकी हमलों की पृष्ठभूमि में हुई थी। एनआईए का क्षेत्राधिकार आतंकी हमलों, साइबर आतंकवाद, जाली नोटों और मानव तस्करी तक विस्तारित है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.15) Consider the following statements regarding National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) It works under the administrative control of the Union Ministry of Home Affairs. The Home Minister is the ex-officio chairperson of the NDMA. The functions of the NDMA include laying down policies on disaster management. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 All of the above Q.15) राष्ट्रीय आपदा प्रबंधन प्राधिकरण (NDMA) के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें यह केंद्रीय गृह मंत्रालय के प्रशासनिक नियंत्रण में काम करता है। गृह मंत्री एनडीएमए के पदेन अध्यक्ष होते हैं। एनडीएमए के कार्यों में आपदा प्रबंधन पर नीतियां बनाना शामिल है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 1 और 3 2 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.16) Consider the following statements regarding District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA) The Collector/District Magistrate/Deputy Commissioner) of the district is the ex-officio chairperson of the DDMA. The chief medical officer of the district is one of the ex-officio members of the DDMA. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.16) जिला आपदा प्रबंधन प्राधिकरण (DDMA) के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें जिले का कलेक्टर / जिला मजिस्ट्रेट / उपायुक्त डीडीएमए का पदेन अध्यक्ष होता है। जिले के मुख्य चिकित्सा अधिकारी, डीडीएमए के पदेन सदस्यों में से एक हैं। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.17) Consider the following statements regarding co-operative societies in India Right to form co-operative societies is a fundamental right. The audit report of the accounts of an apex co-operative society is laid before the state legislature. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.17) भारत में सहकारी समितियों के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें सहकारी समितियों के गठन का अधिकार एक मौलिक अधिकार है। एक शीर्ष सहकारी समिति के खातों की ऑडिट रिपोर्ट राज्य विधायिका के समक्ष रखी जाती है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.18) Consider the following regarding property of the union and the states as given under the Constitution The Union or a state can acquire, hold and dispose property under the exercise of its executive power. States have rights over minerals present in the territorial waters whereas in case of minerals in continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone, Union alone has the rights. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.18) संविधान के तहत दिए गए संघ और राज्यों की संपत्ति के बारे में, निम्नलिखित पर विचार करें संघ या राज्य अपनी कार्यकारी शक्ति के अभ्यास के तहत संपत्ति का अधिग्रहण, धारण और निपटान कर सकते हैं। राज्यों के पास प्रादेशिक जल (territorial waters) में मौजूद खनिजों पर अधिकार होता है जबकि महाद्वीपीय शेल्फ और विशेष आर्थिक क्षेत्र में खनिजों के मामले में, केवल संघ का अधिकार होता है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.19) Consider the following statements The Constitution has specified of the castes or tribes which are to be called the SCs or the STs. The Constitution has defined the persons who belong to the Anglo-Indian community. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.19) निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें संविधान में उन जातियों या जनजातियों को निर्दिष्ट किया गया है जिन्हें अनुसूचित जाति या जनजाति कहा जाता है। संविधान ने उन व्यक्तियों को परिभाषित किया है जो एंग्लो-इंडियन समुदाय से हैं। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.20) Consider the following statements regarding the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) The CAT exercises original jurisdiction in relation to recruitment and all service matters of public servants covered by it. The CAT is bound by the procedure laid down in the Civil Procedure Code of 1908. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.20) केंद्रीय प्रशासनिक न्यायाधिकरण (CAT) के बारे, में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। CAT, भर्ती और इसके द्वारा कवर किए गए लोक सेवकों के सभी सेवा संबंधी मामलों के संबंध में मूल अधिकार क्षेत्र (original jurisdiction) का उपयोग करता है। CAT सिविल प्रक्रिया संहिता, 1908 में निर्धारित प्रक्रिया से बाध्य है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.21) Which of the following is/are Correctly matched regarding Nari Shakti Puruskar awards?   Rani Rudramma Devi Award   - Best Panchayat /Village Community  Devi Ahilyabai Holkar Award -     Best Urban Local body for providing services and    facilities to women. Mata Jijabai Award -    Best State for improving Child Sex Ratio (CSR). Rani Lakshmibai Award - Best Institution for R&D in the field of women empowerment. Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1 and 4 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 4 only 1, 2, 3 and 4 Q.21) नारी शक्ति पुरस्कारों (Nari Shakti Puruskar) के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? रानी रुद्रम्मा देवी पुरस्कार - सर्वश्रेष्ठ पंचायत / ग्राम समुदाय देवी अहिल्याबाई होल्कर पुरस्कार - महिलाओं को सेवाएं और सुविधाएं प्रदान करने के लिए सर्वश्रेष्ठ शहरी स्थानीय निकाय। माता जीजाबाई पुरस्कार - बाल लिंग अनुपात (CSR) में सुधार के लिए सर्वश्रेष्ठ राज्य। रानी लक्ष्मीबाई पुरस्कार - महिला सशक्तीकरण के क्षेत्र में अनुसंधान और विकास के लिए सर्वश्रेष्ठ संस्थान। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें: केवल 1 और 4 केवल 2 और 3 केवल 1, 2 और 4 1, 2, 3 और 4 Q.22) Operation Spring Shield was a cross-border military operation conducted by Russian Armed Forces against the Turkish Armed Forces Turkish Armed Forces against the Syrian Armed Forces Saudi Arabian Armed Forces against the Yemen Armed Forces Russian Armed Forces against the Syrian Armed Forces Q.22) ऑपरेशन स्प्रिंग शील्ड (Operation Spring Shield) किसके द्वारा एक सीमा पार सैन्य अभियान था तुर्की सशस्त्र बलों के विरुद्ध रूसी सशस्त्र बलों का सीरियाई सशस्त्र बलों के विरुद्ध तुर्की सशस्त्र बलों का यमन सशस्त्र बलों के विरुद्ध सऊदी अरब सशस्त्र बलों का  सीरियाई सशस्त्र बलों के विरुद्ध रूसी सशस्त्र बलों का  Q.23) With reference to Additional Tier-1 Bonds, Consider the following statements: The holders of AT-1 bonds can get their investments back by selling them in the secondary debt market unless the issuer redeems them. Interest on these bonds can be paid only at the discretion of the issuing body and that too out of annual profit. If the RBI feels that a bank is tottering on the brink and needs a rescue, it can simply ask the bank to cancel its outstanding AT-1 bonds without consulting its investors. Which of the statements given above is/are Not Correct?  1 and 3 only 3 only 2 and 3 only None of the Above Q.23) अतिरिक्त टियर -1 बॉन्ड (Additional Tier-1 Bonds) के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: AT-1 बॉन्ड के धारक अपने निवेश को द्वितीयक ऋण बाजार में बेचकर वापस प्राप्त कर सकते हैं, जब तक कि जारीकर्ता उन्हें प्रतिदेय (redeems) नहीं करता। इन बॉन्डों पर ब्याज केवल जारी करने वाले निकाय के विवेकाधिकार पर चुकाया जा सकता है और वह भी वार्षिक लाभ से बाहर होता है। यदि आरबीआई को लगता है कि कोई बैंक लड़खड़ाने की कगार पर है तथा उसे बचाव की जरूरत है, तो वह इसके निवेशकों से सलाह लिए बिना बैंक से बकाया AT -1 बांड रद्द करने के लिए कह सकता है। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही नहीं है / हैं? केवल 1 और 3 केवल 3 केवल 2 और 3 इनमें से कोई भी नहीं Q.24) Consider the following statements: Stock swap is the exchange of one equity-based asset for another associated with the circumstances of a merger or acquisition.  A stock swap occurs when shareholders ownership of the target company's shares are exchanged for shares of the acquiring company.  Swap ratio is the ratio at which an acquiring company will offer its own shares in exchange for the target company's shares during a merger or acquisition.  Which of the statements given above is/are Correct?  1 and 3 only 2 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.24) निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: स्टॉक स्वैप (Stock swap) एक विलय या अधिग्रहण की परिस्थितियों से संबद्ध दूसरे के लिए एक इक्विटी-आधारित संपत्ति का आदान-प्रदान है। स्टॉक स्वैप तब होता है जब लक्ष्यित कंपनी के शेयरों के स्वामित्व वाले शेयरधारकों का अधिग्रहण कंपनी के शेयरों के लिए किया जाता है। स्वैप अनुपात (Swap ratio) वह अनुपात है जिस पर एक अधिग्रहण करने वाली कंपनी एक विलय या अधिग्रहण के दौरान लक्ष्यित कंपनी के शेयरों के बदले में अपने स्वयं के शेयरों को प्रस्तुत करेगी। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 और 3 केवल 2  केवल 2 और 3 1, 2 और 3 Q.25) The trilateral joint naval exercise “Marine Security Belt” was conducted between which of the following nations? USA, India and Thailand Iran, Russia and China India, Malaysia and Thailand Iran, Iraq and Saudi Arabia Q.25) त्रिपक्षीय संयुक्त नौसैनिक अभ्यास "समुद्री सुरक्षा बेल्ट" (Marine Security Belt) निम्नलिखित में से किन राष्ट्रों के बीच आयोजित किया गया था? संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका, भारत और थाईलैंड ईरान, रूस और चीन भारत, मलेशिया और थाईलैंड ईरान, इराक और सऊदी अरब Q.26) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘no-confidence motion’. It is exclusively mentioned under the Article 75 of Indian Constitution. J.B. Kripalani moved the first-ever no-confidence motion in 1971 against the Indira Gandhi government. Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.26) 'अविश्वास प्रस्ताव' के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। इसका उल्लेख भारतीय संविधान के अनुच्छेद 75 के अंतर्गत विशेष रूप से किया गया है। जे.बी. कृपलानी ने इंदिरा गांधी सरकार के खिलाफ 1971 में पहली बार अविश्वास प्रस्ताव लाया था। सही कथनों का चयन करें केवल 1 केवल 2  1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.27) ‘Sessa Orchid Sanctuary’ is located in Karnataka Arunachal Pradesh Uttarakhand Sikkim Q.27) ‘सेसा आर्किड अभयारण्य’ (Sessa Orchid Sanctuary) कहाँ स्थित है कर्नाटक अरुणाचल प्रदेश उत्तराखंड सिक्किम Q.28) Which of the following rivers flow through Germany? Danube Oder Elbe Select the correct code: 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.28) निम्नलिखित में से कौन सी नदी जर्मनी से होकर बहती है? डेन्यूब ओडर एल्ब  सही कूट का चयन करें: 1 और 2 2 और 3 1 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.29) ‘International Security Assistance Force (ISAF)’ which was in news recently is associated with? NATO SCO OIC IMCTC Q.29) ‘अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा सहायता बल (International Security Assistance Force- ISAF)' हाल ही में, किससे संबंधित समाचारों में थी? NATO SCO OIC IMCTC Q.30) The term ‘Arr-Rinam’ was in news recently and is associated with which of the following communities? Galo Community Dhangar Community Mishmi Community Sentinelese Community/Tribe Q.30) 'आर-रिनम' (Arr-Rinam) शब्द हाल ही में समाचारों में था तथा यह निम्नलिखित में से किस समुदाय से संबंधित है? गालो समुदाय धनगर समुदाय मिशमी समुदाय सेंटीनली समुदाय / जनजाति DOWNLOAD THE SOLUTION ENGLISH HINDI NOTE- Follow this for Comments Mention- Time Taken after solving the Test After the release of Solution Edit your Comment to Mention-  Correct/Incorrect and Score 2 Marks for Correct/0.66 minus for Incorrect. DOWNLOAD THE 60 DAYS PLAN 2020  PRELIMS EXCLUSIVE CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASSES (12 SESSIONS-By Tauseef Sir): STARTING 15 APRIL- JOIN NOW! All the Best! IASbaba