Apr 27, 2020 Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent and Creativity

Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity: PAINTINGS by SANGITA SIHMAR & A POEM by SUSHREE SWAGATIKA SARANGI

Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity Hello Friends, You must be aware of the term ‘catharsis’. It is the process of releasing and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions. Recently we have launched a new initiative by the name Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity! Today's work is PAINTINGS by SANGITA SIHMAR & A POEM by SUSHREE SWAGATIKA SARANGI! Well done, Keep it up !!   BEAUTIFUL PAINTINGS by SANGITA SIHMAR           POEM by SUSHREE SWAGATIKA SARANGI!   Be creative and find your catharsis in whichever form of creativity you are comfortable with.  It could be anything- a song, a painting, a poem, a story, a dance performance, rangolis, jokes/humor, culinary skills, mimicry and whatnot. There is no limit to creativity. Just unleash and share it with everyone! Why don’t you share your moments of catharsis with us? UPSC is not only about academics but personality as well. And your personality is shaped by the creativity that you possess.   To know more about Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity' Initiative and the Previous Creative work  -> CLICK HERE We encourage you to keep the comment section alive by sharing your talents and also by commenting and encouraging the talent of your peers. We are also going to be a regular visitor here and will keep on posting the creative works by our talented team members and staff. NOTE- You can also nominate by tagging anyone (if you know about the talent of your friend or anyone) 🙂 You can share your talent/creativity with us on support@iasbaba.com and ilp@iasbaba.com  P.S: Kindly share it in a format that can be published on the website. We believe each one of you have some hidden talent. It’s time that you explore more about yourselves and remain positive throughout this journey. Make the best use of this opportunity! Thank You IASbaba

Apr 27, 2020 RSTV Video

Plasma Therapy for Covid-19 – COVID-19: India Fights Back – RSTV IAS UPSC

Plasma Therapy for Covid-19 Archives TOPIC: General Studies 2 Global Pandemic – COVID-19 General Studies 3: New technological development to fight COVID-19 The Convalescent Plasma Therapy for Covid-19 As COVID-19 continues to wreck havoc across the globe, scientists are racing to develop antidotes for the new coronavirus, which began infecting humans late last year. Scientists and researchers are exploring various avenues to come up with medical treatments that can fight the novel coronavirus. One such treatment that's in focus right now is Convalescent Plasma Therapy. The Convalescent Plasma Therapy aims at using the immune power gained by a recovered person to treat a sick person. What is convalescent-plasma therapy? When a pathogen like novel coronavirus infects, our immune systems produce antibodies. Like the police dogs, the antibodies span out to identify and mark the invading virus. White blood cells attach the identified intruders, and the body gets rid of the infection.  The therapy, like blood transfusion, harvests the antibody from a recovered patient and ingest into a sick person. Helped by the antibody, the immune system mounts robust combat on the virus.  What are antibodies? Antibodies are one of the front-line immune response to an infection by a microbe. They are a particular type of proteins secreted by immune cells called B lymphocytes when they encounter an invader, such as a novel coronavirus.  The immune system designs antibodies that are highly specific to each invading pathogen. A particular antibody and its partner virus are made for each other. How the treatment is given? Blood is drawn from a person who has recovered from COVID-19 sickness.  The serum is separated and screened for virus-neutralizing antibodies. Convalescent serum, that is the blood serum obtained from one who has recovered from an infectious disease and especially rich in antibodies for that pathogen, is then administered to a COVID-19 patient.  The sick acquires passive immunisation. Potential donor would be examined before the blood serum is extracted and given to a sick person. First, the swab test must be negative and the potential donor has to be declared as cured. Then the recovered person has to wait for two weeks. Or else the potential donor should be asymptomatic for at least 28 days. Either of the two is mandatory  How is it different from vaccination? This therapy is akin to passive immunization. When a vaccine is administrated, the immune system produces the antibodies. Thus, in a later date, when the vaccinated person is infected by that pathogen, the immune system releases the antibodies and neutralise the infection.  Vaccination provides lifelong immunity. In the case of passive antibody therapy, the effect lasts only up to the time the antibodies injected remain the bloodstream. The protection given is temporary.  Is it effective? We have effective antibiotics against bacterial infection. However, we do not have effective antivirals.  Whenever a new viral outbreak takes places, there are no drugs to treat it. Hence, the convalescent serum has been used during past viral epidemics.  During the outbreak of 2009–2010 H1N1 influenza virus pandemic, patients with an infection requiring intensive care were used. After the passive antibody treatment, the serum-treated individuals showed clinical improvement. The viral burden reduced, and the death rate could be lowered. The procedure was also useful during the Ebola outbreak in 2018. Is it safe? With modern blood banking techniques that screen for blood-borne pathogens is robust. It is not difficult to match the blood type of donors and recipients. Therefore the risks of inadvertently transferring known infectious agents or triggering transfusion reactions are low.  How long the antibodies will remain in the recipient? After the antibody serum is given, it will stay on the recipient for at least three to four days. During this period, the sick person will recover. Research reports from the USA and China indicate that the beneficial effect of transfusion plasma is obtained in the first three to four days and not later. What are the Challenges? This therapy is not simple to harness, primarily due to the difficulty of obtaining significant amounts of plasma from survivors. In diseases like COVID-19, where most of the victims are aged, suffering from other medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and so on, not all recovered patients can volunteer to donate blood. Must Read: COVID-19: Need for a Social Vaccine Connecting the Dots: What is convalescent plasma therapy is? Enumerate on the benefits and risks involved. Explain the working mechanism behind convalescent-plasma therapy.

Apr 27, 2020 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 27th April 2020

IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 27th April 2020 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Hydrogen fuel based buses and cars: Expression of Interest issued by NTPC Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Environment; Science and Technology In News: NTPC Ltd, has invited Global Expression of Interest (EoI) to provide Hydrogen Fuel Cell (FC) based electric buses and electric cars in Leh and Delhi. NTPC Ltd. Is India's largest power producer and a central PSU under Ministry of Power. Key takeaways: The move to procure Hydrogen Fuel Cell based vehicles is first of its kind project in the country. Under this project, a complete solution from green energy to the fuel cell vehicle would be developed. The initiative has been undertaken with support of Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. The initiative will also harness renewable energy for generation of hydrogen and develop its storage and dispensation facilities at Leh and Delhi. The project aims at reducing carbon emissions from automobiles. Important value additions: Hydrogen Fuel Hydrogen does not occur free in nature in useful quantities. It can be made from natural gas or it can be made by passing electric current through water. When hydrogen is burned, it only emits water vapour and carbon dioxide (CO2) is not produced.  It is more efficient than internal combustion engine.  However, manufacturing hydrogen fuel based vehicle is still expensive. GW190412: Merger of two unequal-mass black holes.  Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Space In News: The gravitational wave observatories at LIGO scientific collaboration have detected a merger of two unequal-mass black holes for the first time since it started functioning. Key takeaways: The event is dubbed as GW190412.  It was detected nearly a year ago.  The event involved two black holes of unequal masses combining together.  One of the black holes was around 30 times the mass of the Sun and the other had a mass nearly 8 times the sun's mass. The actual merger took place at a distance of 2.5 billion light years away. Important value additions: The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO)  It is a large-scale physics experiment and observatory to detect cosmic gravitational waves and to develop gravitational-wave observations.  It is the world's largest gravitational wave observatory.  It consists of two detectors situated 1,865 miles (3,002 kilometers) apart in isolated regions in the states of Washington and Louisiana.  Central Vigilance Commission: New commissioner appointed  Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – Statutory Bodies In News: Retired bureaucrat Sanjay Kothari was sworn in as the next Central Vigilance Commissioner by President Ram Nath Kovind at an official oath-taking ceremony, recently.  Important value additions: The Central Vigilance Commission (CVC)  Background: It was set up by the Government in 1964 on the recommendations of the Committee on Prevention of Corruption, headed by K. Santhanam. Status: It is a statutory body governed by the Central Vigilance Commission Act 2003. Mandate: To inquire into offences which might have been committed under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 by certain categories of public servants.  Composition: The Commission shall consist of a Central Vigilance Commissioner (Chairperson); and not more than two Vigilance Commissioners (Members). Appointment: They are appointed by the President of India on recommendation of a Committee consisting of the Prime Minister (Chairperson), the Minister of Home Affairs and the Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha.  Miscellaneous  Benzalkonium Chloride Most of the household cleaning agents consist of benzalkonium chloride solution.  It is a chemical with antimicrobial properties acting against pathogens such as bacteria, fungi and viruses. It is primarily a skin irritant.  The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPC) classifies benzalkonium chlorides (BACs) in toxicity category II by oral and inhalation routes and category III via the dermal (skin) route.  Access to COVID-19 Tools (ACT) Accelerators Many countries, industry groups, and NGOs have committed to join a project called Access to COVID-19 Tools led by the World Health Organization.  It is a global collaboration to accelerate the development, production and equitable access to New COVID-19 diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines. (MAINS FOCUS) INTERNATIONAL/ SECURITY Topic: General Studies 2 & 3: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India India’s Security challenges At the edge of New Nuclear Arms Race Context: US State department in its reports have stated that  Russia has conducted nuclear weapons experiments  China might be conducting nuclear tests with low yields at its Lop Nur test site However, both Russia and China have rejected the U.S.’s claims What does these allegations by US suggest? Growing strategic competition between major powers  Suggests the end of the CTBT that came into being in 1996 but has failed to enter into force even after a quarter century. What is CTBT (Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty)? CTBT is a global treaty that aims to ban all nuclear explosions across the world.  It provides a legally binding norm against nuclear testing and was open for signature from 1996 However, the Treaty enters into force when 44 specific States signs and ratifies it. These States had nuclear facilities at that time & included India  Till date, 36 have ratified the treaty.  China, Egypt, Iran, Israel and the U.S. have signed but not ratified.  India, North Korea and Pakistan have not yet signed the Treaty but all three have undertaken tests after 1996 Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization(CTBTO) It was founded in 1996 to promote the Treaty so that it can enter into force.  It also establishes a verification regime to monitor adherence to the Treaty. The CTBT verification includes International Monitoring System (IMS),  International Data Centre (IDC) On-site inspections (OSI). Criticism of the Treaty Defining the “comprehensive test ban” as a “zero yield” test ban that would prohibit supercritical hydro-nuclear tests but not sub-critical hydrodynamic nuclear tests.  Anchoring the CTBT in a disarmament framework, as proposed by India, was not accepted The treaty’s entry-into-force- provisions, which listed 44 countries by name, was protested by India as arm-twisting tactic and violation of Sovereign right of India CTBTO is largely funded by US and unable to promote the treaty effectively. Recent trends in Nuclear Arms The New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START) that limits U.S. and Russian arsenals will expire in 2021 and US is not inclined to extend it US has embarked on a $1.2 trillion nuclear modernisation plan spanning 30 years China has also embarked on modernisation plan to enhance the lifespane of its smaller nuclear arsenal Russia has responded by developing hypersonic delivery systems Potential for a New Arms race US wants to China into some kind of nuclear arms control agreement But China is not interested by pointing to the fact that the U.S. and Russia still account for over 90% of global nuclear arsenals. China also maintains that it will ratify CTBT only after the U.S. This indicates the increasing divergence between US and China - trade and technology disputes, militarisation in the South China Sea and coronavirus pandemic.  U.S. could also be preparing the ground for resuming nuclear testing at Nevada indicating the beginning of new arms race Conclusion The developments between US and China could be the signs for a new cold war Connecting the dots: India’s Nuclear Doctrine India’s attempt to become a member of Nuclear Supplier Group GOVERNANCE/ FEDERALISM/ ECONOMY Topic: General Studies 2 & 3: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors  Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources  Institutional challenges to migrants’ welfare Context: The relief package announced by Union Government directed States to provide relief to Construction workers using provisions under Building and Other Construction Workers Act(BOCW), 1996. What is BOCW Act? The Act regulates the employment and conditions of service of building and other construction workers. It provides for the levy and collection of cess at 1-2 % of the cost of construction, as the Central government may notify. The cess is collected by the State governments and UTs. It is utilised for the welfare of building and other construction workers by the respective State BOCW Boards. Presently Rs 31,000 crore of funds is available with such welfare boards Therefore, the basic framework of the governance is States collect a cess from construction projects, register construction workers, and design schemes to use the funds collected for their welfare. Constraints to provide assistance to casual workers during this pandemic Dependent on Formalisation: Only registered construction workers benefit from the welfare schemes Low worker registrations-  As of end-2018, according to Union Labour Ministry only 3.24 crore workers were registered across India, which represented about 60% of the construction workforce in India Low Awareness among the workers and their organisations about the benefits which can be availed through such legislation Limited State capacity for expenditure  Chhattisgarh’s board would go bankrupt if they paid workers the central minimum daily NREGA wage of Rs 202 for the lockdown period Significant variations across states Six states—Tamil Nadu, UP, MP, Odisha, Rajasthan and West Bengal—have 54% of the registered workforce, but only 32% of cess funds collected. Issues of interstate migrants They constitute 42.7% of the urban construction workforce (Census 2001) State BOCW Boards are reluctant to register migrants due to lack of political incentives Way Ahead Centre can use the expertise of the Central BOCW Advisory Committee to play a proactive role in coordinating amongst states Centre can facilitate sharing beneficiary lists and funds between these states through interstate MoU States—labour departments and welfare boards- need to improve the registration process.  The quarantine camps for migrants are an opportunity to disseminate information, and even register such workers by utilizing the services of Civil Society groups. Connecting the dots: Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 Farmers distress during Pandemic (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note:  Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers.  Comments Up-voted by IASbaba are also the “correct answers”. Q.1 The event GW190412 is associated with which of the following?  Merger of two galaxies  Merger of two equal-mass black holes  Merger of two unequal-mass black holes  Merger of two dwarf planets Q.2 Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerators is led by which of the following? World Health Organisation  United Nations Human Rights Commission  Bill Gates Foundation  UNICEF Q.3 Consider the following statements regarding Benzalkonium Chloride?  It acts only against the bacteria. It is a skin irritant. Which of the above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.4 Consider the following statements regarding Central Vigilance Commission?  The Commissioner is appointed by the President of India.  It is a non-statutory body. Which of the above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.5 Consider the following statements regarding hydrogen fuel? It is less efficient than internal combustion engine.  The manufacture of hydrogen fuel is expensive. Which of the above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 ANSWERS FOR 25th April 2020 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 C 2 D 3 A 4 A Must Read About values in times of Crisis: The Hindu About protecting the poor from becoming poorer: The Hindu About need for investing in Eastern India post crisis: The Indian Express

Apr 27, 2020 PIB

Press Information Bureau (PIB) IAS UPSC – 13th April to 19th April – 2020

Press Information Bureau (PIB) IAS UPSC – 13th April to 19th April – 2020 ARCHIVES GS-2 Video Conference of the Health Ministers of G20 countries (Topic: Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate) Hallmark of India’s approach has been fivefold:  (i) Maintaining a continuous situation awareness (ii) Pre-emptive and proactive approach (iii) Graded response as per continuously evolving scenario (iv) Inter-sectoral coordination at all levels (v) Creating a people’s movement to combat this disease India has the requisite national core capacities stipulated in the International Health Regulations to manage public health emergencies –   The Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP), which is a nation-wide surveillance system for epidemic prone diseases has been activated towards COVID response, and is being further strengthened with substantive digital inputs. Exclusive infrastructure for management of COVID patients: To avoid intermingling of COVID patients. All the people who are tested positive are treated in one of three types of dedicated COVID management Centres:  COVID Care Centres (CCCs) for mild symptomatic cases COVID Health Centres (CHCs) for moderate cases COVID Hospitals (CHs) for severe cases These dedicated COVID facilities are mapped to each other in the design of a referral network architecture for dynamic movement of patients as symptoms evolve, so that optimal clinical care can be provided timely, commensurate to symptoms. G20:  An international forum for the governments of 19 countries and the European Union (EU).  The 19-member countries of G20: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Germany, France, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America and India. Movement of stranded Migrant Labourers (Topic: COVID-19 crisis) Due to the spread of COVID-19 virus, workers employed in industry, agriculture, construction and other sectors have moved from their respective places of work, and are housed in relief/ shelter camps being run by State/ UT Governments.  Since additional new activities, outside the containment zones, have been permitted in the consolidated revised guidelines with effect from 20th April 2020, these workers could be engaged in industrial, manufacturing, construction, farming and MNREGA works. In order to facilitate their movement within the State/UT, the following guidelines may be followed: The migrant labourers currently residing in relief/ shelter camps in States/UTs should be registered with the concerned local Authority and their skill mapping be carried out to find out their suitability for various kinds of works. In the event, that a group of migrants wish to return to their places of work, within the State where they are presently located, they would be screened and those who are asymptomatic would be transported to their respective places of work.  There shall be no movement of labour outside the State/UT where they are currently located. During the journey by bus, it would be ensured that safe social distancing norms are followed and the buses used for transport are sanitized as per the guidelines of the Health authorities.  The local authorities shall also provide for food and water etc., for the duration of their journey. Harnessing the power of technology for e-learning  (Topic: Learning in the times of COVID-19 crisis) With the possibility of shutdowns in certain countries going into months, students will need to be given learning environments where knowledge distribution is regulated, graded and personalised. Schools have been shut to prevent the spread of the virus and this has given way to online classrooms, a very new concept in India even for the most sophisticated schools. A lot of schools across the world have already started taking academic activities online — setting up classrooms, sending notes and sharing assignment prompts — many through free apps and some through customised learning management systems. Information, Interaction and Self-Study There are three sides to the act of schooling: information, interaction and self-study. Information: The Google revolution has empowered us with a lot of information and provided access to teaching and learning mechanisms across the world. These help teachers prepare and integrate the learning schemes of much of the world better. Self-study: Students now have access to materials much beyond their text and notebooks for better understanding and revision. Getting good material only requires orientation and cultivating of online surfing around studies, and a provision of time for such works. Interaction: The real dilemma lies here - teacher-student interaction, where cyber technology has a crucial role when schools are not functioning regularly. Online classrooms, starting from Google Classrooms, Zoom, Skype, Electa, Goto Meeting, Tokbox (Vonage) are supposed to stand in here.  A lot of things that are taken care of unknowingly in classrooms will need to be planned into the online scheme: lessons have to be broken down to smaller units, key takeaways in each section have to be identified and spelled out, everyday small little online tests have to be made available so that students get a concrete idea about the interaction, videos and notes have to be given for clarity and revision. Disadvantages:  Teachers do find the absence of a blackboard a disadvantage and network connectivity a constant problem. Many students have not been able to take advantage of the virtual platform because they do not have a suitable device at home or lack a good internet connection. GS-3 Four Years of National Agriculture Market portal – e-NAM  (Topic: Agriculture and market) e-NAM is an innovative initiative in agricultural marketing to  Enhance farmers accessibility digitally to multiple number of markets & buyers To bring transparency in trade transactions with the intent to improve price discovery mechanism, quality commensurate price realization To develop the concept of One Nation One Market for agriculture produce Reach: Today, it has reached 585 mandis across 16 States and 02 UTs. More than 1.66 crore farmers and 1.28 Lakh traders registered on e-NAM platform.  Measures taken during lockdown period: Created an interface with large transport aggregators that would help traders to find and arrange timely movement of produces from mandi to various other locations. With this interface, Traders would be able to access more than 7.76 lakh trucks through eNAM Platform. Coming up e-NAM is being expanded to cover additional 415 mandis which will take the total number of e-NAM mandis to 1000 soon.  The online platform will prove to be a giant leap in reforming the agriculture market in India. Solve: What is e-NAM? Discuss its features. Initiatives of Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare  (Topic: Agriculture in the times of COVID-19 crisis) Aim: To promote farming and allied sectors during lockdown During Rabi season 2020, NAFED has procured 1,21,883 MT Pulses and Oilseeds on MSP for an amount of Rs. 596 crore, which has benefitted 89,145 farmers. Under the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana (PM-GKY) about 88,234.56 MT of pulses has been dispatched for delivery to the States/UTs. Under Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) Scheme, about 8.78 crore farmer families have been benefitted and an amount of Rs. 17,551 crore has been released so far. Launched “Kisan Rath” App to ensure smooth and seamless supply linkages between farmers, warehouses, FPOs, APMC mandis and intra-State & inter-State buyers and help in reduction of food wastage by providing timely services. All these will contribute in better prices for perishable commodities. Issues discussed in a meeting to assess the problems being faced by the exporters of agriculture and allied commodities – Availability and movement of labour Bottlenecks in inter-state transport Shortage of raw materials Phyto-sanitary certification Closure of courier services Availability of freight services Access to ports/yards and clearance of goods for imports/exports  Note: Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) Scheme: The scheme aims to supplement the financial needs of the farmers in procuring various inputs to ensure proper crop health and appropriate yields, commensurate with the anticipated farm income. Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package  In order to ensure that weaker sections of the society continue to get the basis amenities and do not get impacted during the lock down period due to COVID 19, Rs 1.70 lakh crore Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package (PMGKP) was announced to protect such people from the impact of the lockdown. Free food grains and cash payment to women and poor senior citizens and farmers. Fintech and digital technology have been employed for swift and efficient transfer to the beneficiary.  Direct benefit transfer, i.e. transfer that ensures that the amount is directly credited into the account of the beneficiary, eliminates leakage and improves efficiency has been employed. This has also ensured credit to the beneficiary’s account without the need for the beneficiary to physically go to the branch. Progress so far: More than 32crore poor people received financial assistance of Rs 29,352 crore under the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package 5.29 Crore beneficiaries distributed free ration of food grains under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana 97.8 Lakh free Ujjwala cylinders delivered RBI Announces Nine Measures to Revive the Struggling Domestic Economy (Topic: Measures to revive the economy during COVID-19  crisis) “…In the midst of death life persists, in the midst of untruth truth persists, in the midst of darkness light persists.” – Mahatma Gandhi, during his famous Kingsley Hall, London address in October 1931. The additional measures are aimed to: Maintain adequate liquidity in the system and its constituents in the face of COVID-19 related dislocations Facilitate and incentivise bank credit flows Ease financial stress, and Enable the normal functioning of markets The Measures Liquidity Management 1) Targeted Long-Term Operations (TLTRO) 2.0:  A second set of targeted long-term repo operations (TLTRO 2.0) for an initial aggregate amount of Rs. 50,000 crore will be conducted to facilitate funds flow to small and mid-sized corporates, including NBFCs and MFIs, who have been more severely impacted by the disruptions due to COVID-19.  The funds availed by banks under TLTRO 2.0 should be invested in investment grade bonds, commercial paper, and non-convertible debentures of non-banking financial companies (NBFCs), with at least 50 per cent of the total amount availed going to small and mid-sized NBFCs and micro finance institutions (MFIs). 2) Refinancing Facilities for All India Financial Institutions Special refinance facilities for a total amount of Rs. 50,000 crore will be provided to National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD), the Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) and the National Housing Bank (NHB) to enable them to meet sectoral credit needs. This will comprise Rs. 25,000 crore to NABARD for refinancing regional rural banks (RRBs), cooperative banks and micro finance institutions (MFIs); Rs. 15,000 crore to SIDBI for on-lending / refinancing; and Rs. 10,000 crore to NHB for supporting housing finance companies (HFCs). Advances under this facility will be charged at the RBI’s policy repo rate at the time of availment, in order to enable them to provide credit at rates affordable for their borrowers. 3) Reduction of Reverse Repo Rate under Liquidity Adjustment Facility Reverse repo rate has been reduced by 25 basis points from 4.0% to 3.75% with immediate effect, in order to encourage banks to deploy surplus funds in investments and loans in productive sectors of the economy. What is reverse repo rate: The interest offered by the RBI to banks who deposit funds into the treasury. 4) Raising Limit of Ways and Means Advances of states and UTs Ways and Means Advances (WMAs) Limit of states and union territories has been increased by 60% over and above the limit, in order to provide greater comfort to states for undertaking COVID-19 containment and mitigation efforts, and also to help them plan their market borrowing programmes better. The increased limit will be available till September 30, 2020. What are WMAs: These are temporary loan facilities provided by RBI to help governments tide over temporary mismatches in receipts and expenditure.  Regulatory Measures To lessen debtors’ burden in wake of the pandemic 5) Asset Classification The moratorium period will be excluded while considering 90-day NPA norm for those accounts for which lending institutions decide to grant moratorium or deferment and which were standard as on March 1, 2020. This means that there will be an asset classification standstill for such accounts from March 1 - May 31, 2020. NBFCs will have the flexibility under the prescribed accounting standards to provide such relief to their borrowers. Simultaneously, banks have been asked to maintain higher provision of 10% on all accounts whose classification has been put on a standstill as above, so that banks maintain sufficient buffers What are Non-performing Assets: A classification for loans or advances that are in default or in arrears. A loan is in arrears when principal or interest payments are late or missed. A loan is in default when the lender considers the loan agreement to be broken and the debtor is unable to meet his obligations. Solve: Why are NPAs detrimental for the economy? Examine. 6) Extension of Resolution Timeline Recognizing challenges to resolution of stressed assets or accounts which are or are likely to become NPAs, the period for implementation of resolution plan has been extended by 90 days.  Currently, scheduled commercial banks and other financial institutions are required to hold an additional provision of 20 per cent if a resolution plan has not been implemented within 210 days from the date of such default. 7) Distribution of Dividend Scheduled commercial banks and cooperative banks shall not make any further dividend pay-outs from profits pertaining to FY 2019-20; the decision will be reviewed based on the financial position of banks at the end of the second quarter of the financial year 2019-20. This has been done in order to enable banks to conserve capital so that they can retain their capacity to support the economy and absorb losses in an environment of heightened uncertainty. 8) Lowering of Liquidity Coverage Ratio requirement To improve the liquidity position for individual institutions, Liquidity Coverage Ratio requirement for scheduled commercial banks has been brought down from 100% to 80% with immediate effect.  This will be gradually restored in two phases - 90% by October 1, 2020 and 100% by April 1, 2021. 9) NBFC Loans to Commercial Real Estate Projects The treatment available for loans to commercial real estate projects with respect to the date for commencement for commercial operations (DCCO) has been extended to NBFCs, in order to provide relief to both NBFCs and the real estate sector.  As per the current guidelines, DCCO in respect of loans to commercial real estate projects delayed due to reasons beyond the control of promoters can be extended by an additional one year, over and above the one-year extension permitted in normal course, without treating the same as restructuring. Government amends the extant FDI policy (Topic: FDI during COVID-19 crisis) Objective: To curb opportunistic takeovers/acquisitions of Indian companies due to the current COVID-19 pandemic and amended para 3.1.1 of extant FDI policy as contained in Consolidated FDI Policy, 2017. Present Position:  A non-resident entity can invest in India, subject to the FDI Policy except in those sectors/activities which are prohibited.  However, a citizen of Bangladesh or an entity incorporated in Bangladesh can invest only under the Government route.  Further, a citizen of Pakistan or an entity incorporated in Pakistan can invest, only under the Government route, in sectors/activities other than defence, space, atomic energy and sectors/activities prohibited for foreign investment. Revised Position – Para 3.1.1: 3.1.1(a):  A non-resident entity can invest in India, subject to the FDI Policy except in those sectors/activities which are prohibited.  However, an entity of a country, which shares land border with India or where the beneficial owner of an investment into India is situated in or is a citizen of any such country, can invest only under the Government route.  Further, a citizen of Pakistan or an entity incorporated in Pakistan can invest, only under the Government route, in sectors/activities other than defence, space, atomic energy and sectors/activities prohibited for foreign investment. 3.1.1(b)  In the event of the transfer of ownership of any existing or future FDI in an entity in India, directly or indirectly, resulting in the beneficial ownership falling within the restriction/purview of the para 3.1.1(a), such subsequent change in beneficial ownership will also require Government approval. MHA issues order to exempt certain activities in Rural Areas from Lockdown Restrictions to fight COVID-19 (Topic: Measures on rural economic activities during COVID-19 crisis) Collection, harvesting and processing of Minor Forest Produce (MFP)/ Non-timber Forest Produce (NTFP) by Scheduled Tribes and other forest dwellers in forest areas. Bamboo, coconut, arecanut, cocoa, spices plantations and their harvesting, processing, packaging, sale and marketing. Non-banking financial institutions (NBFCs) including Housing Finance Companies (HFCs) and Micro Finance Companies (NBFC--MFIs), with bare minimum staff. Cooperative Credit Societies. Construction activities in rural areas to include water supply and sanitation , laying/erection of power transmission lines and laying of telecom optical fiber and cable along with related activities. Note: Minor Forest Produce (MFP) Section 2(i) of the Forest Rights Act defines a Minor Forest Produce (MFP) as all non-timber forest produce of plant origin and includes bamboo, brushwood, stumps, canes, cocoon, honey, waxes, Lac, tendu/kendu leaves, medicinal plants etc. The definition of “minor forest produce” includes bamboo and cane, thereby changing the categorization of bamboo and cane as “trees” under the Indian Forest Act 1927. Minimum Support Price for Minor Forest Produce Scheme The scheme for forest produce has been started with following objectives: To provide fair price to the MFP gatherers and enhance their income level.  To ensure sustainable harvesting of MFPs. To ensure huge social dividend for MFP gatherers, majority of whom are tribals. Earlier, the scheme was only implemented in States having Schedule areas as listed in the Fifth Schedule of the constitution of India.  Since 2016, the scheme is applicable in all States. Key amendment to Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification 2006 (Topic: Environment Impact Assessment) Aim: To address unprecedented situation arising from global outbreak of Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19), and to ramp up availability or production of various drugs All projects or activities in respect of bulk drugs and intermediates, manufactured for addressing various ailments, have been re-categorized from the existing Category ‘A’ to ‘B2’ category. Projects falling under Category B2 are exempted from requirement of collection of Base line data, EIA Studies and public consultation. Technological Development in the Times of COVID-19 How a creative team of clinicians and scientists working together seamlessly can leverage knowledge and infrastructure to make relevant breakthroughs A. Development of Integrated geospatial platform  Aim: To help decision making during the current COVID-19 outbreak and aid devising area-specific strategies to handle the socio-economic impact in the recovery phase. By: The Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India This integrated geospatial platform will strengthen the Nation’s health emergency management due to the COVID-19 outbreak and support the socio-economic recovery process through the seamless provision of spatial data, information, and linkage between human, medical, technological, infrastructural and natural resources. This mobile application will complement the “AAROGYA-SETU” mobile application – for Contact tracing, Public awareness, and Self-assessment objectives B. Pusa Decontamination and Sanitizing Tunnel Developed by: Division of Agricultural Engineering, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi The sanitization protocol includes hand washing with foot-operated soap and water dispenser and fogging in a sanitizing tunnel for 20 seconds. In this tunnel, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QAC) are used at concentration of 0.045% C. Chitra GeneLAMP-N makes confirmatory tests results of COVID 19 possible in 2 hours Detects the N Gene of SARS- COV2 using reverse transcriptase loop-mediated amplification of viral nucleic acid (RT-LAMP) The test kit is highly specific for SARS-CoV-2 N-gene and can detect two regions of the gene, which will ensure that the test does not fail even if one region of the viral gene undergoes mutation during its current spread. The tests performed at NIV Alappuzha (authorized by ICMR) show that Chitra GeneLAMP- N has 100% accuracy and match with test results using RT-PCR. D. Inactivated virus vaccine in focus for novel coronavirus By: Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) Inactivated vaccines are known for their safety and easy production. The mechanism:  Active virus is cultured in large numbers and then killed either by a chemical or heat. Although the pathogen is killed, or made to lose its reproduction capacity, various parts of the virus are intact.  For example, the spike protein with which it enters the cells. The antigen (the chemical structure) that is recognised by the immune system is left unimpaired.  When this dead microbe is introduced, the immune system is tricked to respond by producing antibodies against specific antigens still left intact, without knowing that the pathogen is dud. Inactivated polio vaccine and the rabies vaccines are made this way.  As the pathogen is dead, it cannot reproduce nor cause even a mild disease. Thus, it is safe to administer to even people with lesser immunity, like the old and those who have co-morbidity. The challenge: Culturing the virus outside of the human host As the novel coronavirus has evolved to life on human cells, especially in cells with active ACE2 receptors, locating the right source of the cell line to culture the virus outside of the human body is key to this technology.  CCMB is using the epithelial cell line from African green monkey grown in Petri dish to artificially culture and harvest the deadly virus. A few more options of cell lines will be explored to find the right one on which the novel coronavirus can infect, grow and multiply.   The cells will be observed and if the cells show changes, including dying of cells and release of the virus, then the culture is positive.  The novel coronavirus grown in the cell culture will be harvested, inactivated and the vaccine would be developed. Finding a right cell culture technology for the novel coronavirus will also help in drug development. Once a virus infects the cells, the potential drug candidate can be tested against the same. E. CeNS develops TriboE masks These masks can hold electric charges to restrict the entry of infections but interestingly, without any external power. When two non-conducting layers are rubbed against each other, the layers develop positive and negative charges instantly and continue to hold the charges for some time. They have used this electric field, quite strong at proximity, to deactivate or possibly even kill the germs. F. CSIR-CFTRI’s protein-enriched biscuits The biscuits contain 14% of protein while usual biscuits contain around 8-9% protein. The enriched biscuits will provide protein needed for recuperating patients Other Technological Developments (Topic: Technology) A. Development of a portable sensor to ease heavy metal detection in water especially in rural areas By: Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences (CeNS)  Why is it important? Heavy metal ions such as lead, mercury and cadmium pose severe potential threats to living beings as they can easily be accumulated in the body and cannot be detoxified by any chemical or biological processes.  Heavy metals cause a number of distress HEAVY METAL SOURCES HEALTH EFFECTS LEAD Mining, coal, automobile,paper, dyeing,petrochemicals, etc. Learning disability;mental retardation CHROMIUM Leather/tannery, thermal power plants, mining fertilisers, textile, photography Bronchial asthma, allergies, CADMIUM Coal, nuclear and coal power plants,batteries, ceramics, toys Itai Itai disease (fragile bones) NICKEL Mining, coal power plants,phosphate fertiliser,  chocolate, automobile,    electroplating Dermatitis, pneumonia MERCURY Mining, paper and pulp, coal power plants, cement, pesticides, cosmetics Minimata disease (disorder of the nervous system) ZINC Phosphate fertilisers, distillery,pharmaceuticals Fever IRON Coal mining, Skin becomes sensitive to light Source: DownToEarth B. Stable material for organic pseudocapacitor can offer a low-cost scalable energy storage solution By: Scientists at the Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Mohali, an autonomous institute under the Department of Science & Technology, Govt. of India What is it: A stable material for pseudocapacitors or supercapacitors which store electrical energy by electron charge transfer. The material can offer a low-cost scalable energy storage solution as an alternative to batteries. Can serve as a universal approach and as a model system for organic-inorganic hybrid xerogel pseudocapacitors. Will offer new insights into improving the long-standing issue of stability and inferior power output of pseudocapacitors. It can promote future research in the field of organic pseudocapacitors and provide an effective strategy to facilitate progress towards self-sustaining energy future. Pseudocapacitors are a type of supercapacitors which store electrical energy by electron charge transfer. C. Development of a substrate (the surface or material on which an organism lives, grows) for optical sensing applications using a gold nanostructure Substrate: The surface or material on which an organism lives, grows By: Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences (CeNS) Such substrates are sensitive to change in the refractive index of the surrounding medium and can detect biologically important molecules and chemicals in the laboratory. The substrate has potential applications in chemical sensing and can help one to follow up the kinetics of a reaction as in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To put it into perspective: We often encounter vivid and vibrant colours in plants animals and in other natural phenomena. Colours which we see can also arise from the interaction of light with the smallest building blocks of matter. Then the question arises, can we change properties (colour) of matter by shrinking it?  The answer is, yes. It was first discovered by Michael Faraday that on reducing the size of the gold particle to the nanometer, its colour changes to red from its familiar metallic yellow. When light interacts with free electrons in a metal, it generates collective oscillation of free electrons known as surface plasmons. D. IIA scientists connect Lithium abundance in interstellar space to new Lithium rich red giants Researchers have discovered hundreds of Li-rich giant stars indicating that Li is being produced in the stars and accounts for its abundance in the interstellar medium. They have also associated such Li enhancement with central He-burning stars, also known as red clump giants, thereby opening up new vistas in the evolution of the red giant stars. E. ARI researchers develop bug sniffer for efficient detection of pathogens Developed a sensitive and low-cost sensor to rapidly detect bacteria - a biosensor that uses synthetic peptides, magnetic nanoparticles, and quantum dots to detect the presence of bacteria, providing a cost- and time-effective way of screening water and foodborne pathogens The portable device can detect as low as ten bacterial cells from a sample size of one milliliter in just 30 minutes. At present, they are working on a method for simultaneous separation and detection of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. F. Gamma-ray flux variability of luminous and high energy blazars: clues to blazar emission mechanisms At the center of most galaxies, there’s a massive black hole that can have mass of millions or even billions of Suns that accrete gas, dust, and stellar debris around it. As these material falls towards the black hole, their gravitational energy gets converted to light forming active galactic nuclei (AGN).  A minority of AGN (~15%) emit collimated charged particles called jets travelling at speeds close to the speed of light.  Blazars are AGN whose jets are aligned with the observer’s line of sight. Some blazars are thought to host binary black holes in them and could be potential targets for future gravitational-wave searches. Conducted the first systematic study on the gamma-ray flux variability nature on different types of blazars which could provide clues to the processes happening close to the black hole, not visible through direct imaging. Note: National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) of India India houses a repository of unique Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) traditions, 13 of which have also been recognized by UNESCO as Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. This initiative is also a part of the Vision 2024 of the Ministry of Culture. Following UNESCO’s 2003 Convention for Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, this list has been classified into five broad domains in which intangible cultural heritage is manifested: Oral traditions and expressions, including language as a vehicle of the intangible cultural heritage Performing arts Social practices, rituals and festive events Knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe Traditional craftsmanship Read the list here: Link to the Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) of India Science-based website on COVID 19 – CovidGyan: The topics covered range from the exact behaviour of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), transmission dynamics of the Corona flu and its diagnostics to innovative technologies to scale up the fight, means of coping up with physical distancing, and critical assessment of communications. The initiative is the brainchild of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), and Tata Memorial Centre (TMC). Ministry of Tourism has launched "DekhoApnaDesh" webinar series: To provide information on the many destinations and the sheer depth and expanse of the culture and heritage of our Incredible India.  Supply of non-essential goods by e-commerce companies will remain prohibited during lockdown. SHG women  A. Working as Business Correspondents for banks - Bank Sakhis The Union Government had announced release of 500/- per month for 3 months in 20.39 Crore Women PMJDY accounts, and has also released other DBT funds like Rs.2000/- to PM Kisan Yojana accounts, MGNREGA wages payments to all rural population to address the financial stress being faced by the community. In most of the cases, the services of BC Sakhis (SHG women working as Business Corresspondents for banks) were utilized for making payments to the rural households. Out of around 8800 BC Sakhi and 21600 Bank Sakhi, around 50% of both cadre voluntarily started working amidst lockdown across the country right from Assam, Mizoram, Sikkim, Manipur to Bihar, Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh & Tamil nadu.  Supporting Bank Branch Managers in managing rush at branches during DBT payment Ensuring social distancing of customers by creating awareness among rural community Ensuring the disbursement of financial relief packages provided by Government of India.  Bank Sakhi has become a focal point person in disseminating information regarding the financial relief packages announced by the Government of India in the rural areas, through which financial provisions laid down under PMGKY, PM Kisan and MGNREGS reach the population during COVID-19 pandemic. B. Ensure access to essential nutrition and health services amidst Lockdown Supporting the supply of PDS by collecting ration supply using the cards and distributing them to the cardholders to prevent crowding of PDS shops. In Odisha and Chhattisgarh, SHGs have also utilised the Vulnerability Reduction Fund (VRF) to ensure adolescent girls have access to enough clean pads.   Supporting front line health workers in the delivery of essential child, maternal & adolescent health and nutrition-related entitlements. This also includes Antenatal and Post Natal Care services and micronutrient supplementation via IFA tablets. Case Study: Surat evolves Rapid Crisis Management Plan under SBM-Urban Surat, also known as the ‘diamond city’, has shown a SMART spirit in protecting and serving its citizens better by developing and implementing a rapid crisis management plan which became a blueprint for the state government of Gujarat to follow. SMC adopted three-pronged approach which they call “3-T Strategy” - Track, Test and Treat to fight against COVID-19 Tracking:  SMC developed ‘SMC COVID-19 Tracker System’ within the span of 5 days, which includes a web portal and mobile application named “SMC COVID-19 Tracker” to track people who have abroad or inter-state travel history and persons who have come in direct contact with positive COVID-19 individual.  Further, SMC has also started a helpline number 1800-123-800 where citizen can share details about travelers or suspects, verified by SMC team including health officials.  The same app is also used to observe individuals under quarantine and contact them if any of them develop any symptoms. Paying special attention that the routine solid waste collection, transportation and disposal activities along with cleaning and scrapping are carried out efficiently to keep the city clean. Testing and Treatment Identified a taskforce team and specific tasks including training with nodal officers have been assigned for the combating epidemic situation.  SMC has also put a Grievances Redressal system in place for quick response in the current situation.  Keeping the health and welfare of sanitation workers in mind, SMC has made available free-of-cost Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to all the personnel involved, thus exhibiting their resolve for protecting the Swachhata Warriors on the forefront of this combat against corona virus.

Apr 27, 2020 60 DAYS PROGRAMME-PRELIMS 2020

IASbaba’s 60 Day Plan [Day - 49]- IAS Prelims Test Series 2020 POLITY & CURRENT AFFAIRS

ARCHIVES OF 60 DAY PLAN STRATEGY [VIDEO]: UPSC IAS Preparation Guidance/Tips from Mohan Sir  Dear Students, The 60 Days Training has finally begun:) DAY 49 is here! It is time to Introspect, Ideate and Improve!! We have come-up with articles to instil confidence, motivate you in the present situation. Do read these articles. Mark the words/lines in your dairy. These very lines can be the driving force’ in the time of uncertainty. [STRATEGY] MUST READ: 21 Days of Lockdown-What to do? Introspect, Ideate and Improve !! MUST READ: PRELIMS in Testing Times – Don’t Forget the ‘WHY’; IASbaba’s dedicated HOTLINE for Aspirants and Prelims Postponing Rumours Coronavirus[VIDEO]: Awareness, Myths, Solidarity and Message to All UPSC Aspirants by Mohan Sir Founder IASbaba   To ensure that your preparation goes smoothly and keeping up with our promise, we have come up with a Dedicated HOTLINE (Communication channel) - Connect with BABA for all UPSC/IAS Aspirants. From today, you will be able to speak with the Founders and Core Team of IASbaba on telephone regarding ‘any queries’ related to UPSC preparation in general or Subject-specific doubts. This Hotline, will be in addition to the 'ASK YOUR BABA' (#ASKBABA) thread opened on a daily basis for our 60 Day plan. We will try to make sure that with so much going around these days, you have at least one less thing to worry about.   How to make use of HOTLINE and ASK YOUR BABA (#ASKBABA)? There are 2 initiatives which will be running parallely. 1. HOTLINE - Connect with BABA (5pm - 7pm) The communication channel will be open ONLY for 2 hours Daily (except on Sundays - holiday) from 5pm to 7 pm. Please do not make calls before or after the specified time. As we will be occupied with other daily initiatives running on the website and mentorship. Hope you understand our time constraints. Please note that, call facilities are mainly for queries related to preparation per se like strategies, difficulties in reading a subject, what to read, what not to read, how to manage time, revision, motivation etc. You can call on the numbers given below. For any queries related to - UPSC Preparation (Prelims, Mains, Interview) Strategy & Current Affairs – contact 9986190082 Environment & Science and Technology – contact 9986193016 Polity & Economics – contact 9899291288 Geography & History – contact 9591106864 We have separated General Strategy (Preparation per se – Pre, Mains, Interview) and Current Affairs from other subjects. You can make use of the HOTLINE, as per your needs.   2. ASK YOUR BABA (#ASKBABA) - clear your doubts on the 60 Day Platform (Online from 11 am - 10 pm) Use the disqus comment section of that particular day (60 Day post - For Ex: Today is Day 25) to clear all your subject specific doubts of the day. You can post your queries/doubts with #ASKBABA !! Here, doubts related to the 60 day questions or conceptual clarity in a particular subject can be asked. Your doubts will be cleared on real-time basis (or max within hour it will be answered from the subject experts) If you are genuinely finding difficulty interms of preparing with that particular subject, then you can use 5pm-7pm window to make calls. If you are not able to speak to IASbaba's Team, then you can still post your doubts/queries in the same post of the 60 day initiative. As mentioned above, your doubts will be cleared on real-time basis (or max within hour it will be answered from the subject experts). Make the best use of the communication channel (Ask Your Baba/comment section on daily 60 Day post and calls) provided. We will make sure that, all your queries will be answered to. So we have  tried our bit, to ensure your preparation goes smoothly, you can do your bit by keeping in touch with us via phone/ website to keep yourself going, keep yourself engaged and staying positive during the rough times.   How to make the maximum use of this HOTLINE and #ASKBABA (Disqus comment of 60 Day Plan) on Daily basis? Now, that I have solved 30 mcq’s, what to do next?  How to Analyse my Performance? For Answers to the above Questions  ->CONNECT WITH BABA: IASbaba’s Dedicated HOTLINE for UPSC/IAS Aspirants !!   Note- Download the OMR Sheet and attempt the questions exactly like UPSC Prelims. After you are done, please post your OMR in the comment section. Once the solution key is released (5 PM), cross-check the answers and again, comment the marks (you got) in the same comment thread. This will keep you responsible and sincere in days to come. Also, we need more sets of scores for releasing the cut offs in the night so, requesting all of you to sincerely put your scores in comment section.    You can also take part in discussion with peers.   Q.1) Consider the following statements regarding establishment of Panchayati Raj system in India Rajasthan was the first state to establish Panchayati Raj. All States that created panchayati raj institutions by mid 1960s, adopted a three-tier system. These panchayati raj institutions in 1960s were based on the recommendations of Ashok Mehta Committee. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 Q.1) भारत में पंचायती राज व्यवस्था की स्थापना के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें पंचायती राज की स्थापना करने वाला पहला राज्य राजस्थान था। सभी राज्यों ने 1960 के दशक के मध्य तक पंचायती राज संस्थानों का निर्माण कर, त्रि-स्तरीय प्रणाली को अपनाया। 1960 के दशक में ये पंचायती राज संस्थान अशोक मेहता समिति की सिफारिशों पर आधारित थे। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 1 और 2 2 और 3 1 और 3 Q.2) Consider the following statements regarding 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 This act has added a new Part-IX to the Constitution of India.  The act brought panchayati raj institutions under the purview of the justiciable part of the Constitution. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) 73 वें संवैधानिक संशोधन अधिनियम, 1992 के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें इस अधिनियम ने भारतीय संविधान में एक नया भाग- IX जोड़ा है। अधिनियम ने पंचायती राज संस्थाओं को संविधान के न्यायोचित भाग (justiciable part) के अंतर्गत में लाया है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.3) Which of the following statements is a correct description of Gram Sabha, as provided by the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act? It is a body consisting of all adults above 18 years of age in that area of gram panchayat. It is a body consisting of all the registered voters in that area of gram panchayat. It is a body consisting of persons eligible to be elected as members of State Legislative Assembly in that area of gram panchayat. It is a body consisting of persons above the age of 21 years in that area of gram panchayat. Q.3) निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कथन ग्राम सभा का सही विवरण है, जैसा कि 73 वें संवैधानिक संशोधन अधिनियम द्वारा प्रदान किया गया है? यह एक ऐसा निकाय है जिसमें ग्राम पंचायत के उस क्षेत्र के 18 वर्ष से अधिक आयु के सभी वयस्क शामिल होते हैं। यह एक ऐसा निकाय है, जिसमें ग्राम पंचायत के उस क्षेत्र के सभी पंजीकृत मतदाता शामिल होते हैं। यह एक ऐसा निकाय है, जिसमें ग्राम पंचायत के उस क्षेत्र के राज्य विधान सभा के सदस्यों के रूप में चुने जाने योग्य व्यक्ति शामिल होते हैं। यह एक ऐसा निकाय है, जिसमें ग्राम पंचायत के उस क्षेत्र के 21 वर्ष से अधिक आयु के व्यक्ति शामिल होते हैं। Q.4) Consider the following statements regarding elections as per the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act The members of panchayats at all the levels shall be elected directly by the people. The chairperson of panchayats at all the levels shall be elected indirectly by the people. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.4) 73 वें संवैधानिक संशोधन अधिनियम के अनुसार, चुनाव के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें सभी स्तरों पर पंचायतों के सदस्य सीधे लोगों द्वारा चुने जाएंगे। सभी स्तरों पर पंचायतों के अध्यक्ष का चुनाव अप्रत्यक्ष रूप से लोगों द्वारा किया जाएगा। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.5) Consider the following statements regarding reservation of seats as per the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act The act provides for the reservation of not less than one-third of the total number of seats for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in every panchayat. The act provides that not less than one-third of the total number of offices of chairpersons in the panchayats at each level shall be reserved for women. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.5) 73 वें संवैधानिक संशोधन अधिनियम के अनुसार, सीटों के आरक्षण के बारे में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें अधिनियम में प्रत्येक पंचायत में अनुसूचित जातियों और अनुसूचित जनजातियों के लिए सीटों की कुल संख्या के न्यूनतम एक तिहाई के आरक्षण का प्रावधान है। यह अधिनियम प्रदान करता है कि प्रत्येक स्तर पर पंचायतों में अध्यक्षों की कुल संख्या के न्यूनतम एक तिहाई महिलाओं के लिए आरक्षित होंगे। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.6) Consider the following statements regarding duration of Panchayats in India In case of dissolution, fresh elections to constitute a panchayat must be held before the expiry of a period of six months from the date of its dissolution, under any circumstances. A panchayat reconstituted after premature dissolution does not enjoy the full period of five years. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.6) भारत में पंचायतों के कार्यकाल के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें विघटन के मामले में, किसी भी परिस्थिति में, अपने विघटन की तारीख से छह महीने की अवधि की समाप्ति से पहले पंचायत का गठन करने के लिए नए चुनाव होने चाहिए। समय से पहले विघटन के बाद पुनर्गठित की गई पंचायत का कार्यकाल पूरे पांच वर्ष के लिए नहीं होता है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.7) Consider the following statements regarding implementation of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act Being a constitutional provision, the act is applicable to all the states of India. The Parliament may direct that the provisions of this act shall apply to any union territory subject to such exceptions and modifications as it may specify. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.7) 73 वें संवैधानिक संशोधन अधिनियम के कार्यान्वयन के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें एक संवैधानिक प्रावधान होने के नाते, अधिनियम भारत के सभी राज्यों में लागू है। संसद यह निर्देश दे सकती है कि इस अधिनियम के प्रावधान ऐसे अपवादों और संशोधनों के अधीन किसी भी केंद्र शासित प्रदेश पर लागू होंगे, जैसा कि यह निर्दिष्ट कर सकती है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.8) Which of the following have been listed as the compulsory provisions under the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act? 21 years to be the minimum age for contesting elections to panchayats. Reservation of seats (both members and chairpersons) for SCs and STs in panchayats at all the three levels. Reservation of seats (both members and chairpersons) for backward classes in panchayats at any level.  Determining the manner of election of the chairperson of the village panchayat. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 2 only 2 and 4 All of the above Q.8) निम्नलिखित में से किसे 73 वें संवैधानिक संशोधन अधिनियम के तहत अनिवार्य प्रावधानों के रूप में सूचीबद्ध किया गया है? पंचायतों के चुनाव लड़ने के लिए न्यूनतम आयु 21 वर्ष होनी चाहिए। तीनों स्तरों पर पंचायतों में अनुसूचित जाति और अनुसूचित जनजाति के लिए सीटों (दोनों सदस्यों और अध्यक्षों) का आरक्षण। किसी भी स्तर पर पंचायतों में पिछड़े वर्गों के लिए सीटों (दोनों सदस्यों और अध्यक्षों) का आरक्षण। ग्राम पंचायत के अध्यक्ष के चुनाव के तरीके का निर्धारण। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 केवल 2 2 और 4 उपरोक्त सभी Q.9) Consider the following statements regarding District Planning Committee It consolidates the plans prepared by panchayats and municipalities in the district. The Governor has the power to make provisions with respect to the composition of such committees. As per the 74th Amendment Act, four-fifths of its members are elected by indirect election. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 All of the above Q.9) जिला योजना समिति (District Planning Committee) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें यह जिले में पंचायतों और नगरपालिकाओं द्वारा तैयार योजनाओं को समेकित करती है। राज्यपाल के पास ऐसी समितियों की संरचना के संबंध में प्रावधान करने की शक्ति है। 74 वें संशोधन अधिनियम के अनुसार, इसके चार- पांचवें (4/5) सदस्य अप्रत्यक्ष चुनाव द्वारा चुने जाते हैं। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 1 और 3 2 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.10) Consider the following statements regarding Municipal Corporations These are established in union territories by the order of the President of India. The municipal commissioner is the chief executive authority of the corporation. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.10) नगर निगमों (Municipal Corporations) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें ये भारत के राष्ट्रपति के आदेश से केंद्रशासित प्रदेशों में स्थापित होते हैं। नगर निगम आयुक्त, निगम का मुख्य कार्यकारी अधिकारी होता है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.11) Consider the following statements regarding Notified Area Committee It is a statutory body established through an act of State Legislature. It can be created for the administration of a fast developing town due to industrialization. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.11) अधिसूचित क्षेत्र समिति (Notified Area Committee) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें यह राज्य विधानमंडल के एक अधिनियम के माध्यम से स्थापित एक वैधानिक निकाय है। यह औद्योगीकरण के कारण तेजी से विकसित हो रहे शहर के प्रशासन के लिए बनाया जा सकता है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.12) Consider the following statements regarding urban local governance in India Water supply and sewerage boards act as subordinate agencies of the local municipal bodies. Roads and bridges come under the purview of municipalities as per the Twelfth Schedule. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.12) भारत में शहरी स्थानीय शासन (urban local governance) के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें जल आपूर्ति एवं सीवरेज बोर्ड, स्थानीय नगर निकायों की अधीनस्थ एजेंसियों के रूप में कार्य करते हैं। सड़कें और पुल, बारहवीं अनुसूची के अनुसार नगरपालिकाओं के अंतर्गत आते हैं। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.13) Which of the following provisions have been provided in the Constitution to safeguard and ensure the independent and impartial functioning of the Election Commission? The chief election commissioner is provided with the security of tenure. The Constitution has specified the term of the members of the Election Commission. Any other election commissioner or a regional commissioner cannot be removed from office except on the recommendation of the chief election commissioner. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 All of the above Q.13) चुनाव आयोग के स्वतंत्र और निष्पक्ष कामकाज को सुरक्षित रखने और सुनिश्चित करने के लिए संविधान में निम्नलिखित में से कौन से प्रावधान प्रदान किए गए हैं? मुख्य चुनाव आयुक्त को कार्यकाल की सुरक्षा प्रदान की जाती है। संविधान ने चुनाव आयोग के सदस्यों का कार्यकाल निर्दिष्ट किया है। मुख्य चुनाव आयुक्त की सिफारिश के अलावा किसी अन्य चुनाव आयुक्त या एक क्षेत्रीय आयुक्त को पद से हटाया नहीं जा सकता है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 1 और 3 2 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.14) UPSC is consulted on which of the following matters related to personnel management? The suitability of candidates for appointments to civil services and posts. Matters relating to methods of recruitment to civil services. Making reservations of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 All of the above Q.14) यूपीएससी (UPSC) से कार्मिक प्रबंधन से संबंधित, निम्नलिखित में से किस मामले पर सलाह ली जाती है? सिविल सेवाओं और पदों पर नियुक्तियों के लिए उम्मीदवारों की उपयुक्तता। सिविल सेवाओं में भर्ती के तरीकों से संबंधित मामले। किसी भी पिछड़े वर्ग के नागरिकों के पक्ष में नियुक्तियों या पदों का आरक्षण करना। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 1 और 3 2 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.15) Consider the following statements regarding Finance Commission The Constitution authorises the Parliament to determine the qualifications of members of the commission. The recommendation of Finance Commission that governs grants-in-aid to the states is binding on the government. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.15) वित्त आयोग (Finance Commission) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें संविधान आयोग के सदस्यों की योग्यता निर्धारित करने के लिए संसद को अधिकृत करता है। राज्यों को अनुदान सहायता देने से संबंधित वित्त आयोग की सिफारिश सरकार के लिए बाध्यकारी है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.16) Consider the following statements regarding powers of National Commission for Scheduled Castes (SCs) It has all the powers of a civil court while inquiring into any complaint. The Commission is also required to discharge similar functions with regard to the other backward classes (OBCs) and the Anglo-Indian Community. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.16) अनुसूचित जाति (SC) के राष्ट्रीय आयोग की शक्तियों के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। किसी भी शिकायत में पूछताछ करते समय उसके पास सिविल कोर्ट की सभी शक्तियां होती हैं। आयोग को अन्य पिछड़े वर्गों (ओबीसी) और एंग्लो-इंडियन समुदाय के संबंध में समान कार्यों का निर्वहन करने की भी आवश्यकता है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.17) Consider the following statements regarding National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC) The 101st Amendment Act conferred a constitutional status on the Commission. The conditions of service and tenure of office of the members are determined by the Parliament. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.17) राष्ट्रीय पिछड़ा वर्ग आयोग (NCBC) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। 101 वें संशोधन अधिनियम ने आयोग को संवैधानिक दर्जा प्रदान किया। सदस्यों की सेवा और कार्यकाल की शर्तें संसद द्वारा निर्धारित की जाती हैं। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.18) Consider the following statements regarding GST Council The Union Finance Secretary acts as the ex-officio Secretary to the Council. Every decision of the Council is to be taken by a majority of not less than three-fourths of the weighted votes of the members present and voting at the meeting. The vote of the central government shall have a weightage of one-fourth of the total votes cast in that meeting. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 2 only 1 and 3 All of the above Q.18) जीएसटी परिषद के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें केंद्रीय वित्त सचिव, परिषद के पदेन सचिव के रूप में कार्य करता है। परिषद के प्रत्येक निर्णय को बैठक में उपस्थित और मतदान करने वाले सदस्यों के भारित मतों के न्यूनतम तीन-चौथाई बहुमत से लिया जाता है। केंद्र सरकार के मत का भार, उस बैठक में डाले गए कुल मतों का एक-चौथाई होगा। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 केवल 2 1 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.19) Consider the following statements regarding Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities The Constitution does not specify the qualifications, tenure, salaries and allowances, service conditions and procedure for removal of the Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities. He submits the annual reports or other reports to the President through the Union Minority Affairs Minister. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.19) भाषाई अल्पसंख्यकों के लिए विशेष अधिकारी के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें संविधान भाषाई अल्पसंख्यकों के लिए विशेष अधिकारी की योग्यता, कार्यकाल, वेतन और भत्ते, सेवा शर्तों और हटाने के लिए प्रक्रिया को निर्दिष्ट नहीं करता है। वह केंद्रीय अल्पसंख्यक मामलों के मंत्री के माध्यम से राष्ट्रपति को वार्षिक रिपोर्ट या अन्य रिपोर्ट प्रस्तुत करता है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें केवल 1 केवल 2 1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.20) Consider the following statements regarding the office of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) He is not eligible for further office, either under the Government of India or of any state, after he ceases to hold his office. He can be removed by the president on the basis of a resolution passed to that effect by both the Houses of Parliament with special majority, either on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity. He can audit the accounts of local bodies. Choose the correct answer using codes below 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 All of the above Q.20) भारत के नियंत्रक और महालेखा परीक्षक (CAG) के कार्यालय के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। वह अपने कार्यकाल के समाप्त होने के बाद, भारत सरकार या किसी भी राज्य के तहत, आगे किसी कार्यालय के लिए पात्र नहीं है। उन्हें राष्ट्रपति द्वारा, या तो दुर्व्यवहार या अक्षमता के आधार पर संसद के दोनों सदनों द्वारा विशेष बहुमत के साथ उस प्रभाव को पारित एक प्रस्ताव के आधार पर हटाया जा सकता है। वह स्थानीय निकायों के खातों का ऑडिट कर सकता है। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें 1 और 2 1 और 3 2 और 3 उपरोक्त सभी Q.21) With reference to Black Carbon, Consider the following statements: Black Carbon is produced both naturally and by human activities.  India is the largest emitter of black carbon in the world. Black Carbon remains in the atmosphere for shorter duration when compared with CO2. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 1, 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 2 only Q.21) ब्लैक कार्बन (Black Carbon) के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: ब्लैक कार्बन प्राकृतिक रूप से और मानवीय गतिविधियों दोनों के द्वारा निर्मित होता है। भारत विश्व में ब्लैक कार्बन का सबसे बड़ा उत्सर्जक है। CO2 की तुलना में, ब्लैक कार्बन कम अवधि के लिए वातावरण में रहता है। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 केवल 1, 2 और 3 केवल 1 और 3 केवल 2  Q.22) Consider the following statements about Colistin Colistin is a chemical used for artificial fruit ripening. The WHO considers colistin as a ‘highest priority critically important antimicrobial’ for humans. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?  1 only  2 only  Both 1 and 2  Neither 1 nor 2 Q.22) कोलिस्टिन (Colistin) के बारे में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें कोलिस्टिन एक रसायन है जिसका उपयोग कृत्रिम फल पकाने के लिए किया जाता है। डब्ल्यूएचओ कॉलिस्टिन को मनुष्यों के लिए ‘सर्वोच्च प्राथमिकता युक्त गंभीर रूप से महत्वपूर्ण रोगाणुरोधी’ मानता है। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 केवल 2  1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.23) Which of the following statements is/are Not Correct regarding Influenza Viruses? Influenza A viruses are the only influenza viruses known to cause flu pandemics. Flu vaccines will protect against infection and illness caused by other viruses that also can cause influenza-like symptoms. Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.23) इन्फ्लुएंजा वायरस (Influenza Viruses) के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कथन सही नहीं है / हैं? इन्फ्लुएंजा A वायरस फ्लू महामारी के कारण ज्ञात एकमात्र इन्फ्लूएंजा वायरस हैं। फ्लू के टीके अन्य वायरस के कारण होने वाले संक्रमण और बीमारी से बचाव करेंगे जो इन्फ्लूएंजा जैसे लक्षण भी पैदा कर सकते हैं। नीचे दिए गए कूट का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें: केवल 1 केवल 2  1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.24) Consider the following statements It is important to turn off electric devices when traveling on a plane to eliminate micro waves that pose a risk to avionics technology on planes.  According to Indian rules, the Pilot-in-Command may permit the access of Internet services by passengers on board in flight, through Wi-Fi on board. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?  1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.24) निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें वायुयान पर एविओनिक्स टेक्नोलॉजी के लिए खतरा पैदा करने वाली सूक्ष्म तरंगों को समाप्त करने के लिए वायुयान में यात्रा करते समय इलेक्ट्रिक उपकरणों को बंद करना महत्वपूर्ण है। भारतीय नियमों के अनुसार, पायलट-इन-कमांड, वाई-फाई ऑन बोर्ड के माध्यम से उड़ान में यात्रियों द्वारा इंटरनेट सेवाओं के उपयोग की अनुमति दे सकता है। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं? केवल 1 केवल 2  1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.25) With reference to Anchor investors, Consider the following statements: Anchor investors are institutional investors who are offered shares in an IPO a day before the offer opens. The anchor investor is not allowed to sell his/her share for at least one year after the allotment. No merchant banker, promoter or their relatives can apply for shares under the anchor investor category. Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect? 1 and 3 only 3 only 2 only 2 and 3 only Q.25) एंकर निवेशकों (Anchor investors) के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: एंकर निवेशक संस्थागत निवेशक होते हैं जिन्हें ऑफर खुलने से एक दिन पहले आईपीओ में शेयर दिए जाते हैं। एंकर निवेशक को आवंटन के बाद कम से कम एक वर्ष के लिए अपना शेयर बेचने की अनुमति नहीं होती है। कोई भी मर्चेंट बैंकर, प्रमोटर या उनके संबंधी एंकर निवेशक श्रेणी के तहत शेयरों के लिए आवेदन नहीं कर सकते हैं। ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा गलत है / हैं? केवल 1 और 3 केवल 3 केवल 2  केवल 2 और 3 Q.26) Which of the following statements is/are correct? Himalayan red pandas are native to Nepal, India, Bhutan and Tibet. Chinese red pandas are found only in China. Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.26) निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कथन सही है / हैं? हिमालयी लाल पांडा नेपाल, भारत, भूटान और तिब्बत के मूल स्थानिक है। चीनी लाल पांडा केवल चीन में पाए जाते हैं। सही कथनों का चयन करें केवल 1 केवल 2  1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.27) ‘Order Books, Inventories and Capacity Utilisation Survey (OBICUS)’ is taken up by NITI Aayog Reserve Bank of India Central Statistics Office National Sample Survey Office Q.27) ‘ऑर्डर बुक्स, इन्वेंटरीज़ और क्षमता उपयोग सर्वेक्षण (Order Books, Inventories and Capacity Utilisation Survey- OBICUS)’ किसके द्वारा किया जाता है नीति आयोग  भारतीय रिजर्व बैंक केंद्रीय सांख्यिकी कार्यालय राष्ट्रीय नमूना सर्वेक्षण कार्यालय Q.28) Consider a scenario wherein the Indian government would start raising a part of its gross borrowing programme through sovereign bonds. If the exchange rate is expected to worsen,  Sovereign bonds denominated in domestic currency (INR) are preferable. Sovereign bonds denominated in foreign currency are preferable. The exchange rate won’t have any effect on the bonds. All the above statements are wrong, since sovereign bonds can only be denominated in domestic currency. Q.28) एक परिदृश्य पर विचार करें, जिसमें भारत सरकार अपने सकल ऋण कार्यक्रम का एक भाग संप्रभु बांड के माध्यम से उठाना शुरू करेगी। यदि विनिमय दर खराब होने की उम्मीद है, तो घरेलू मुद्रा (INR) में नामित संप्रभु बांड ज़्यादा अच्छा होगा। विदेशी मुद्रा में नामित संप्रभु बांड ज़्यादा अच्छा होगा। बॉन्ड पर विनिमय दर का कोई प्रभाव नहीं पड़ेगा। उपरोक्त सभी कथन गलत हैं, क्योंकि संप्रभु बांड केवल घरेलू मुद्रा में ही दर्शाए जा सकते हैं। Q.29) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)’. The goal of the SDO is to understand the influence of the Sun on the Earth and near-Earth space by studying the solar atmosphere. It is the first satellite under the Living with a Star (LWS) program at ISRO. Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.29) 'सौर डायनेमिक्स वेधशाला (SDO)' के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें। SDO का लक्ष्य सौर वातावरण का अध्ययन करके पृथ्वी और निकट पृथ्वी अंतरिक्ष पर सूर्य के प्रभाव को समझना है। यह इसरो के लिविंग विद अ स्टार (Living with a Star -LWS) कार्यक्रम के तहत पहला उपग्रह है। सही कथनों का चयन करें केवल 1 केवल 2  1 और 2 दोनों न तो 1 और न ही 2 Q.30) The ‘Hubballi-Ankola railway line project’ passes through Kali Tiger Reserve Mysore Elephant Reserve Bhadra Tiger Reserve Biligiriranga Swamy Tiger Reserve Q.30) ‘हुबली-अंकोला रेलवे लाइन परियोजना' किससे होकर गुजरती है काली टाइगर रिजर्व मैसूर हाथी रिजर्व भद्रा टाइगर रिजर्व बिलिगिरिरंगा स्वामी टाइगर रिजर्व DOWNLOAD THE SOLUTION ENGLISH HINDI NOTE- Follow this for Comments Mention- Time Taken after solving the Test After the release of Solution Edit your Comment to Mention-  Correct/Incorrect and Score 2 Marks for Correct/0.66 minus for Incorrect. DOWNLOAD THE 60 DAYS PLAN 2020  PRELIMS EXCLUSIVE CURRENT AFFAIRS CLASSES (12 SESSIONS-By Tauseef Sir): STARTING 15 APRIL- JOIN NOW! All the Best! IASbaba

Apr 26, 2020 Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent and Creativity

Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity: PAINTINGS by PRAGNA NIVEDITA UPEN!

Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity Hello Friends, You must be aware of the term ‘catharsis’. It is the process of releasing and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions. Recently we have launched a new initiative by the name Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity! Today's work is PAINTINGS & ART by PRAGNA NIVEDITA UPEN! Well done, Keep it up !!        Be creative and find your catharsis in whichever form of creativity you are comfortable with.  It could be anything- a song, a painting, a poem, a story, a dance performance, rangolis, jokes/humor, culinary skills, mimicry and whatnot. There is no limit to creativity. Just unleash and share it with everyone! Why don’t you share your moments of catharsis with us? UPSC is not only about academics but personality as well. And your personality is shaped by the creativity that you possess.   To know more about Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity' Initiative and the Previous Creative work  -> CLICK HERE We encourage you to keep the comment section alive by sharing your talents and also by commenting and encouraging the talent of your peers. We are also going to be a regular visitor here and will keep on posting the creative works by our talented team members and staff. NOTE- You can also nominate by tagging anyone (if you know about the talent of your friend or anyone) 🙂 You can share your talent/creativity with us on support@iasbaba.com and ilp@iasbaba.com  P.S: Kindly share it in a format that can be published on the website. We believe each one of you have some hidden talent. It’s time that you explore more about yourselves and remain positive throughout this journey. Make the best use of this opportunity! Thank You IASbaba

Apr 26, 2020 Motivational Articles

Creative Guidance – Off Switch of the Mind – Inspirational Educative Articles

Off Switch of the Mind: Start with total alertness. Sit in a comfortable position and close your eyes. Tell yourself, “I want to be alert and active throughout this process. My aim is not to relax, but to observe the disturbance.” You will see that both the body and the mind are disturbed, and you are simply observing this. Observe the discomfort of sitting, the effort involved, the pain of the body, and the sensations of the body - Observe it all. Meanwhile, notice how your mind is constantly trying to have a conversation with you: “What are you doing? What is this? Do you want me to think or keep quiet? What should I think about now?” And you say, “Don’t think about anything. This is the time for relaxation.” The mind says, “Then why are you not sleeping? Why is your body in this weird sleeping position?” You respond, “This is meditation.” The mind says, “Okay, fine. So what do I do now?” You get irritated and say, “Can you please shut up for a moment so that I can concentrate on my breath?” The mind says, “Ok. Are you watching the breath properly? What are you doing with the breath? Who has tricked you into doing this? You’re supposed to be doing something else.” You say, “I don’t want to think about anything. Let me get back to the breath.” And then slowly the voice softens. The mind softly questions, “What are you doing with the breath?” Even softer, “Why are you still observing the breath?” Just because your mind is becoming quiet, doesn’t mean that you are relaxing and becoming peaceful. It can also mean that you are falling asleep. A quiet mind is not always a peaceful mind. A sleepy mind can also be quiet. This is where your effort to stay awake comes in. When you begin to notice that your mind is becoming quiet and you are not being disturbed, you have to become more alert and aware. The mind becomes quiet when it begins to drift in thoughts. Do not confuse the quiet mind with a meditative mind. The mind appears to be silent because now it is drifting away in thoughts and you are slowly beginning to fall asleep. As long as you are hearing your mind and observing its continuous disturbance, you are in meditation. Meditation is difficult because you have to observe all the nonsense that your mind is generating, without escaping into sleep. Mind is like a nonstop radio in your head. It was turned on at your birth and will continue to be on for the rest of your life, until you find the off switch. The purpose of meditation is finding that off switch of the mind. “This article is a part of the creative endeavor of Meditation Farm and IASBABA.”

Apr 25, 2020 Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent and Creativity

Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity: PAINTING by RAJANI WAGH & A WRITE UP by HARSHITA BHATT!

Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity Hello Friends, You must be aware of the term ‘catharsis’. It is the process of releasing and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions. Recently we have launched a new initiative by the name Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity! Today's work is PAINTING by RAJANI WAGH & A WRITE UP by HARSHITA BHATT! Well done, Keep it up !! PAINTING by RAJANI WAGH WRITE UP by HARSHITA BHATT! Be creative and find your catharsis in whichever form of creativity you are comfortable with.  It could be anything- a song, a painting, a poem, a story, a dance performance, rangolis, jokes/humor, culinary skills, mimicry and whatnot. There is no limit to creativity. Just unleash and share it with everyone! Why don’t you share your moments of catharsis with us? UPSC is not only about academics but personality as well. And your personality is shaped by the creativity that you possess.   To know more about Catharsis -Unlock Your Talent & Creativity' Initiative and the Previous Creative work  -> CLICK HERE We encourage you to keep the comment section alive by sharing your talents and also by commenting and encouraging the talent of your peers. We are also going to be a regular visitor here and will keep on posting the creative works by our talented team members and staff. NOTE- You can also nominate by tagging anyone (if you know about the talent of your friend or anyone) 🙂 You can share your talent/creativity with us on support@iasbaba.com and ilp@iasbaba.com  P.S: Kindly share it in a format that can be published on the website. We believe each one of you have some hidden talent. It’s time that you explore more about yourselves and remain positive throughout this journey. Make the best use of this opportunity! Thank You IASbaba

Apr 25, 2020 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 25th April 2020

IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 25th April 2020 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Anthurium flowers: Indoor air purifiers Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Biodiversity and Indigenous Technology In News: National Innovation Foundation-India (NIF) has recently boosted new varieties of Anthurium, a flower with high market value. These flowers which help to purify air are cultivated by a lady innovator from Kerala. Important value additions: Anthurium It is a vast group of beautiful blooming plants available in a wide range of colors. These are large beautiful flowers.  These have better shelf life and good market value. They remove harmful airborne chemicals like formaldehyde, ammonia, toluene, xylene, and allergens. Due to Its importance of removing toxic substances from the air, NASA has placed it in the list of air purifier plants. National Innovation Foundation-India It is India's national initiative to strengthen the grassroots technological innovations and outstanding traditional knowledge.  Mission: To help India become a creative and knowledge-based society.  It was set up with the support of Honey Bee Network. NIF supports grassroots innovations which are developed by individuals and local communities in any technological field without any help from formal sector.  It also tries to ensure that such innovations spread widely through commercial and/or non-commercial channels which will help in generating material or non-material incentives for the innovators.  Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 25th April 2020 Image source: Click here  Draft Electricity Act (Amendment) Bill 2020, released  Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – Governance; GS-III – Infrastructure (Energy) In News: Ministry of Power has released draft Electricity Act(Amendment) Bill 2020 to amend the Electricity Act, 2003 to introduce key reforms in the Power Sector. Major amendments proposed in the Electricity Act are as follows: Direct Benefit Transfer: It is proposed that tariff be determined by Commissions without taking into account the subsidy. Subsidy will be given directly by the government to the consumers. Establishment of Electricity Contract Enforcement Authority: A Central Enforcement Authority headed by a retired Judge of the High Court is proposed to be set-up with powers of the Civil Court to enforce contracts related to purchase or sale or transmission of power between a generating, distribution or transmission companies. Establishment of adequate Payment Security Mechanism: It is proposed to empower Load Dispatch Centres to oversee the establishment of adequate payment security mechanism before scheduling dispatch of electricity, as per contracts. Strengthening of the Appellate Tribunal (APTEL): It proposes to increase the strength of APTEL to 7 members apart from the Chairperson so that multiple benches can be set-up to facilitate quick disposal of cases.  National Renewable Energy Policy: It is proposed to provide for a policy document for the development of electricity from renewable sources of energy.  Cross border trade in Electricity: Provisions have been added to facilitate and develop trade in electricity with other countries. Franchisees and Distribution sub licensees: Distribution Companies may engage Franchisees or Sub-Distribution Licensees to distribute electricity on its behalf in a particular area.  Miscellaneous  NanoBlitz 3D It is developed by the scientists from International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), an autonomous institute under the Department of Science &Technology.  It is an advanced tool for mapping nano-mechanical properties of nano materials like multi-phase alloys, composites, and multi-layered coatings. It enables the performance of a large array, typically consisting of 1000s high-speed nano-indentation tests.  Each indentation test takes less than one second to measure hardness and elastic modulus of a given material. It provides capabilities to carry out advanced data analysis.  Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 25th April 2020 Image source: Click here  Kasowal Bridge Border Roads Organisation (BRO) has constructed and opened a new permanent bridge on the ‘Ravi River’ connecting Kasowal enclave in Punjab to the rest of the country. The 484-meter bridge was built by Border Roads Task Force (BRTF) of Project Chetak. The enclave was previously connected via temporary bridge of limited load capacity which had to be dismantled every year prior to the Monsoon.  (MAINS FOCUS) GOVERNANCE/ WELFARE Topic: General Studies 2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.  Troughs and crests in the pandemic response Context: COVID-19 pandemic has proven the ultimate stress test for governance systems across the globe What are the different stages that governments have adopted to tackle pandemic? First Stage:  Early recognition of the threat and the decision to lock down society. Lockdown is aimed at buying time, of flattening the epidemic curve, so that public health facilities are not over-burdened The period is also used to secure the personal protective equipment (PPE) and medical supplies necessary to save lives Second Stage Measured opening up of lockdown to slowly ease the burden on the economy by permitting restricted business activity  This ensures that livelihoods and supply chains can be restored. This stage can be successful if accompanied by a war-footing expansion of testing capacity so that new infections can be identified and isolated at once Final Stage Mass vaccination programme  Full rebuilding of economic and social life through fiscal and monetary measures What are the limitations of contemporary governance systems? Opportunistic and Nationalistic politicking  This involves xenophobic (dislike against people from other countries) posturing by governments Ex: US President terming virus as Chinese Virus This is done to deflect the criticism of government’s measures by stirring up emotions of people It prevents robust and multidimensional international cooperation between nations. It undermines epidemiologists, medical community and research scientists from sharing knowledge about disease & its cure Lack of whole-of-government strategy Pandemic response requires political will and legitimate leadership, failure of which results in weak & uncoordinated response to pandemic Ex: Germany where States enjoy lot of power, Chancellor Angela Merkel was able to mobilize the entire system which has led to success story in Europe However, in US where states also enjoy lot of powers, US President was not forthcoming in mobilization of entire system which led to massive spread of disease Weak public health systems due to policies in recent decades Kerala, which has consistently ranked at the top of State rankings for health expenditures, was successful in tackling the pandemic How has India fared in epidemic response? Being in the first stage of response, India has successfully flattened epidemic curve India’s outreach to SAARC for a coordinated regional response was appreciated.  India realises the importance of multilateralism for tackling this global issue and has called for global coordination in vaccine discovery There has also been strong political will in mobilising the entire system to tackle the pandemic (PM consultation with all Chief Ministers of States) However, the communalisation of pandemic by few is threatening the social fabric of country Conclusion It is to be seen if India will have successful second stage in pandemic response Connecting the dots: SAARC and BIMSTEC – which is best suited for India? Impact of Nationalistic revival on globalisation ECONOMY/ GOVERNANCE Topic: General Studies 3: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment. COVID-19: Impact on Mutual Funds (Franklin Templeton issue) Context: Franklin Templeton (FT) Mutual Fund, the ninth largest in India, decided to close its six managed credit funds, which had combined assets under its management of around Rs 28,000 crore (25% of its total assets) It cited reduced liquidity in the bond markets caused by the COVID-19 pandemic as reason for closure of these MF schemes. What is Mutual Fund? It is a type of financial vehicle made up of a pool of money collected from many investors to invest in securities like stocks, bonds and other assets.  Mutual funds are operated by professional money managers, who allocate the fund's assets and attempt to produce income for the fund's investors. Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 25th April 2020 Pic Source: Here Merits of Mutual Funds It is professional managed financial vehicle The fund managers invest the pooled money in diversified assets which reduces the risk They are liquid enabling investors to sell the Mutual Funds in short time. Disadvantages of a Mutual Fund High and opaque management fees and operating expenses Loss of Control by investors Mutual Funds are vulnerable to market volatility Why did FT announce closure of the MF schemes? It was because these MF schemes had 65% of the portfolio investment in bonds that are AA rated or below These lower rated bonds offer higher return but also carry a higher risk. During the times of crisis, these type of bonds are least sought after, meaning their depreciation is quicker As a result, the fund managers will not be able to service the interest & principal payment to the investors What does the closure of Mutual Fund schemes by FT, mean for investors? It essentially means that Franklin Templeton MF will first liquidate the assets in the schemes and then return the money to investors However, FT may find it difficult to get a buyer for the low-rated assets in the portfolio, so investors may have to wait Additionally, if they find a buyer, the sale will happen at reduced valuation meaning loss for investors on their capital investment Impact of the Franklin Templeton issue It is unprecedented indicating the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on financial system On Fund managers: They may now prefer the safety of more liquid higher rated paper, leading to further stress in the bond markets On Investors: It breaks investor confidence in mutual funds. On Saving Habits: It will push people to adopt informal means of saving Ex: Gold purchases, which is not in the long-term interest of circular economy On Credit availability: Debt funds are a key source of funding of corporates which might get further squeezed due to such types of stress in system On Society: It can create a panic among public leading to distrust on such financial instruments Way Ahead Investors need to look at the quality of the companies where their investments Monitoring of the situation and timely action on it by fund managers RBI and SEBI must ensure adequate liquidity to intermediaries. Awareness among citizens that such cases are isolated ones and there is no threat to MF ecosystem Connecting the dots: Punjab and Maharashtra Cooperative Bank  (PMC) Crisis IL&FS liquidity crisis Yes Bank crisis (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note:  Correct answers of today’s questions will be provided in next day’s DNA section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers.  Comments Up-voted by IASbaba are also the “correct answers”. Q.1 Consider the following statements regarding Anthurium: It removes harmful airborne chemicals.  NASA has placed it in the list of air purifier plants. Which of the above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2 With regard to recently released Draft Electricity Act (Amendment) Bill, 2020, consider the following statements: Central Enforcement Authority headed by a retired Judge of the Supreme Court.  There are no provisions to facilitate trade in electricity with other countries. Which of the above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.3 NanoBlitz 3D has been recently developed by which of the following? An autonomous Institute under Department of Science and Technology  Ministry of Defence  Defence Research and Development Organisation  NASA Q.4 Kasowal Bridge was constructed recently on which of the following river? Ravi Sutlej  Chenab  Jhelum ANSWERS FOR 24th April 2020 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (TYK) 1 C 2 A 3 A 4 C Must Read About reservations: The Hindu About international Politics – between US & China: The Indian Express About judiciary in post COVID-19 time: The Indian Express

Apr 25, 2020 RSTV Video

Road Ahead for Tourism & Hospitality Industry – The Big Picture – RSTV IAS UPSC

Road Ahead for Tourism & Hospitality Industry Archives TOPIC: General Studies 2 Global Pandemic – COVID-19 and its effects on tourism, aviation and hospitality sector  In News: The Centre’s move to virtually lock its borders down for a month by suspending all existing visas, barring certain categories have brought many sectors to a jerking halt. Panic over coronavirus spread has hit several sectors, but the cascading effect of the global coronavirus pandemic is crippling the tourism and hospitality industry at an "astonishing pace".  According to industry chamber CII, this is the one of the worst crises ever to hit the Indian tourism industry impacting all its geographical segments - inbound, outbound and domestic, almost all tourism verticals - leisure , adventure, heritage, MICE, cruise, corporate and niche segments. Media reports suggest Foreign Tourist Arrivals (FTA) in India have come down by about 67 per cent annually in the January-March quarter, while for domestic tourists, the figure is lower by nearly 40 per cent.  The travel and tourism sector alone accounted for 9.2 per cent of India's GDP in 2018, and generated 26.7 million jobs in that year.  Governments around the world have introduced travel restrictions to try to contain the virus. The World Travel and Tourism Council has warned the COVID-19 pandemic could  Cut 50 million jobs worldwide in the travel and tourism industry: Of the 50 million jobs that could be lost, around 30 million would be in Asia, seven million in Europe, five million in the Americas and the rest in other continents Asia is expected to be the worst affected. Once the outbreak is over, it could take up to 10 months for the industry to recover. The tourism industry currently accounts for 10% of global GDP. In India While the tourism sector has struggled even before the pandemic, it remains, according to the Economic Survey 2019-20, “a major engine of growth, contributing to GDP [gross domestic product] and foreign exchange earnings”.  The share of tourism in India’s GDP was 5.06% in 2016-17, down from 5.81% from 2014-15, according to the tourism ministry’s latest annual report cited above. Information technology, banking/financial services and pharmaceuticals have no doubt felt the sting of the virus, but they are not as dependent on the physical mobility of people, and their comfort with the idea of travel, both of which have been casualties of the current crisis. Also, states relying heavily on income from tourism, such as Kerala and Himachal Pradesh, would feel the effects more. The Way Forward Tourism needs to be included as a priority in future recovery efforts. Governments to remove or simplify visas wherever possible, cut travel taxes and introduce incentives once the epidemic is under control Element of flexibility to be introduced - for travelers to be able to postpone and not cancel their plans. UNWTO has underscored the importance of international dialogue and cooperation and emphasized that the COVID-19 challenge also represents an opportunity to show how solidarity can go beyond borders. There should be a support fund for twelve months to support basic salaries with "direct transfer" to the affected tourism employees. A national tourism task force of all relevant ministries of the central government along with ministry of tourism and chief secretaries of State governments and industry stakeholders to meet regularly to fast-track all tourism investment approvals, may be considered. Emphasis can be put on the need and potential to tap domestic tourism and the impact that social media has in capturing the imagination of potential travellers as the way forward to come out of the situation. Connecting the Dots: Each disaster has a common feature: The Tourism sector comes to a standstill ‘The closing down of the iconic Taj Mahal last month is an evocative symbol of how India’s travel and tourism landscape has changed due to COVID-19’. Outline the steps India can take to mitigate the harmful effects of COVID-19 on the tourism sector.