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UPSC MAINS PAPER 2019 ETHICS (GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 4) : ANALYSIS, APPROACH and REFERENCES-How IASbaba was Helpful

UPSC MAINS PAPER 2019 ETHICS (GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 4) : ANALYSIS, APPROACH and REFERENCES-How IASbaba was Helpful Read GS 1 and GS 2 Here Dear Aspirants, We are all engaged in some or the other activity. When there is no passion attached to the activity, we call it a ‘job’. When an activity has passion behind it, it becomes ‘joy’. We have been doing one thing with great passion and dedication for the last 5 years. Yes! We love to guide civil servant aspirants. We have dedicated ourselves into creating an ecosystem that gives even a person sitting in the remotest corner to crack the prestigious civil services examination with Rank-1. In this process, we have developed, designed and dedicated a series of initiatives for civil services preparation. The quality of these initiatives have been proven time and again. It has become the norm to have high hit ratios in Prelims and Mains from the initiatives of IASbaba, namely Integrated Learning Programme (ILP) and Think Learn and Perform (TLP). This article is not to boast about the HIT RATE of our initiatives in any case. It would be an injustice to say that these many questions, directly or indirectly came from our initiatives using keywords of the UPSC questions. In that way, if we frame questions over the year on all keywords in UPSC syllabus our hit ratio will be 100%. However, you are smart enough to analyse the importance of our initiatives and its very close resemblance to actual UPSC papers.   Rather than numbers focus on its significance and make it a part of your preparation. You should work on the smart study and smart thinking to keep your inputs minimum and maximize the output. Below we have come up with the Analysis and Approach for each question of ETHICS General Studies (GS) Paper 4 that was asked by UPSC along with the links and references of IASbaba questions/ articles. Needless to say- if you are regular with the initiatives of IASbaba, your chances of clearing the most coveted examination of India is really high. We at IASbaba are expecting bigger and better results this year!! UPSC MAINS 2019 ETHICS GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 4 OVERVIEW of ETHICS: GENERAL STUDIES (GS) PAPER 4: The pattern of the paper remains the same as the previous year. Section-A is for 130 marks and Section-B consisting of six case studies is for 120 marks. Regarding Section-A The marking pattern in Section-A remains the same. Question number 6 has three sub questions which are quotes given by moral philosophers/thinkers which is on similar lines of the previous year question paper. Many of the questions in this section demands only a basic understanding of the terms mentioned in the syllabus. However, many questions have two parts, with the second part generally demanding the application of the understanding. Regarding Section-B The length of the Case Studies is smaller compared to the previous year. Only in one case study, the examiner is asking about the options available. Most of the case studies demand to suggest some measures with respect to the major issue in that particular case. This requires a stronghold on the Syllabus. For example, if we see the last case study (Q12), the case mentioned above will not help much in answering the questions given below. In order to answer these questions, we need to know the institutional measures regarding the issues mentioned. Similarly, Q.10 is asking about the consequences of politicization of bureaucracy. This cannot be answered just by reading the case study. It requires prior knowledge on the same. Even in Q.8 the second part of the question needs to be answered with prior knowledge. Like measures to be taken to ensure that honest civil servants are not implicated for bonafide mistakes on their part. To sum up, we can say that UPSC is checking your theoretical knowledge and solution-oriented bureaucrat by explaining the context of the question in the case studies. Q1. (a) What are the basic principles of public life? Illustrate any three with suitable examples. (150 words) (10 marks)       LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This question asks about the principles one should follow in public life. Here, you need to explain in brief the principles of public life like Selflessness, integrity, objectivity, accountability, openness, honesty, leadership. Then pick any three among them and explain with examples. Example: Integrity: A.P.J Abdul Kalam has borne travel expenses (to come to his swearing in ceremony) for his family in his personal capacity. Honesty: Shanmugam Manjunath a sales officer (grade A officer) for the Indian Oil Corporation had performed his duty honestly by sealing a corrupt petrol station in UP for selling adulterated fuel, though it led to his murder later. Leadership: Armstrong pame leading the way in constructing the 100km road. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP VALUE ADD NOTES- Ethics- An Approach ILP Mains Mock Q1. (b) What do you understand by the term ‘public servant’? Reflect on the expected role of public servant.  (150 words) (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This is a direct question on the role of public servant. Here you need to define the term public servant in Introduction.  Then in body part, mention role of public servant in detail with examples. A person who works for the government (Centre, State, Local) such as a teacher, IAS officer, police officers, Judge etc is known as a public servant. A public servant values public good over his/her personal interests. A public servant while performing his role should exercise certain values like accountability, integrity, honesty, committed to service, effective implementation of policy, leadership, service delivery, empathy towards the vulnerable section. Example on the expected role of civil servants: Rajni Sekhri Sibal (ex-Director of Primary Education) was transferred for not cooperating to change the results of JBT (JBT teachers recruitment scam) . Being committed to service and possessing the values of honesty and integrity, she has made sure that no one can tamper with the results. SR Sankaran (fondly called as ‘People’s Officer’) possessing the values of empathy and compassion strived towards the abolition of bonded labour. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP VALUE ADD NOTES- Ethics- An Approach ILP Mains Mock Q2. (a) Effective utilization of public funds is crucial to meet development goals. Critically examine the reasons for under-utilization and mis-utilization of public funds and their implications. (150 words) (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question is about leakages and corruption in expenditure management. You need to address why effective utilization is crucial to meet development goals. Address reasons for under- utilization and mis-utilization of funds and their implications. Then Conclude by giving the measures for the same. Reasons- corruption and leakage, reckless and wasteful expenditure, high revenue expenditure, lack of scientific approach. Example: Under-utilization: In the year 2015-16, out of a total grant of Rs 9,000 crore that was made available for modernisation of Police Department, states utilised around Rs 1330 crore (14%) Mis- utilization: Department of north eastern region - Misuse of Rs 900 crore in Arunachal Pradesh through various centrally sponsored schemes related to non-lapsable central pool of resources (NLCPR) and North Eastern Council (NEC) According to a report, 56% of Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao (to address the declining child sex ratio and women empowerment) funds is spent on advertisement and only 25% used for actual work. IASBABA REFERENCE: Wrongful utilisation of public funds is a serious concern in governance in India. Examine the structural and institutional factors leading to this problem. What measures have been taken by the government to address this problem? Discuss (TLP Plus/Offline 2019)  Examine the challenges in the efficient utilisation of public funds in India? How are those being addressed? (C2C/TLP Offline Test-15) Q2. (b) “Non-performance of duty by a public servant is a form of corruption”. Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer (150 words) (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question is asking you whether non-performance or not doing one’s duty by public servants is a form of corruption? In the introduction, define corruption (monetary and non-monetary – misusing the power of authority to favour any person/party). Then in the body part, start by agreeing, yes it is a form of corruption, and justify with examples. Then give the other side also and justify with example. Corruption is the abuse of entrusted power for private gain. Non-performance of duty by a public servant is not a form of corruption: it may be due to lack of coordination, lack of human power and budget. Example: Justice M.Katju recusing himself from hearing an appeal filed by Novartis. He recused from his duty to preclude fears of bias. Non-performance of duty by a public servant is a form of corruption: expecting money for his/her responsibility, lethargic attitude or maintaining the status-quo for favouring a person/party. Example: A total of 225 Government officers are punished for non-performance during 2017-2018. Failure to act is an actionable wrong as much as any malafide action by such public servant--District Court Judge in Delhi SBI officials were alleged for their laxity in filing a plea seeking that Vijay Malya be barred from leaving the country.  IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP VAN-ETHICS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION People’s indifference is the best breeding ground for corruption to grow. Do you agree? Critically analyze.  (TLP plus/Offline Test-4) Q3. (a) What is meant by the term ‘constitutional morality’? How does one uphold constitutional morality? (150 words) (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This is a straight forward question asking you to explain the term constitutional morality and how can one uphold constitutional morality. The principles governing with right or wrong has evolved with time. During ancient time religion and societal norms served as the basis for morality but in modern times Constitution should serve as basis for morality. Constitutional morality means adherence to the core principles of constitutional democracy. The answer can then elaborate on some of these principles like rule of law, equality, liberty, justice, tolerance and fraternity. Example: Tensions created when ancient morality clashes with Constitutional morality by citing examples of Sabrimala entry issue, LGBTQ rights etc. The second part of the question can be addressed by citing the importance of education, awareness about fundamental duties and active citizen participation in Politics which helps in upholding Constitutional morality. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP MAINS VAN- Constitutional Morality The protest against the apex court’s verdict on Sabarimala temple has exposed the deep-rooted cultural taboos towards gender issues. Do you agree? Is it possible to reconcile public opinion and constitutional morality in this case? Comment. (CAF- Day 1) https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/09/day-1-q-3-the-protest-against-the-apex-courts-verdict-on-sabarimala-temple-has-exposed-the-deep-rooted-cultural-taboos-towards-gender-issues-do-you-agree-is-it-possible-to-reconcile-publi/ Q3. (b) What is meant by ‘crisis of conscience’? How does it manifest in the public domain? (150 words) (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The answer can begin by defining what is meant by crisis of conscience’ and later how does it show up in the public domain. ‘Crisis of conscience’ is a situation in which someone feels worried or uncomfortable because they have done something which they think is wrong or immoral In public it manifests in the form of ethical dilemmas and wrong decisions taken often overlooking the larger public interest/our own value system. It leads to realization of mistakes committed and the need to rectify it. Example: Because of the crisis of conscience’, post-Chauri Chaura incident (non-violent movement turning to be a violent movement) Gandhiji had to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1922, though many national leaders were against the withdrawal. Resignation of Gopinath Kannan (J&K; IAS Officer) citing denial of 'freedom of expression' to the people of Jammu and Kashmir was not acceptable to him. Resignation of Sasikanth Senthil (Karnataka IAS Officer) citing that fundamental building blocks of democracy are being compromised in an unprecedented manner The answer can end with the teachings of Gandhi who said that one should always listen to voice of conscience during crisis period. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP VAN-ETHICS How does one’s conscience help in ethical decision making? Illustrate. (TLP Phase-2 2019) https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/09/day-57-q-3-how-does-ones-conscience-help-in-ethical-decision-making-illustrate/ In public life, conscience and not laws, rules or regulations inspire ethical behaviour. Do you agree? Critically examine. (TLP Phase 2 2018) https://iasbaba.com/2018/01/synopsis-iasbabas-tlp-2018-upsc-mains-general-studies-questions-5th-january-2018-day-30/ Q4. (a) Explain the basic principles of citizens’ charter movement and bring out its importance. (150 words) (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question is a direct one that needs to first define Citizen charter, explain the basic principles of citizens’ charter movement and then bring out the significance of the movement. A citizen's charter is basically a set of commitments made by the organization regarding the standard of service, delivery time and grievance redressal mechanism. The six principles of the Citizen charter movement are: (i) Quality: Improving the quality of services; (ii) Choice: Wherever possible; (iii) Standards: Specify what to expect and how to act if standards are not met; (iv) Value: For the taxpayers money; (v) Accountability: Individuals and Organisations; and (vi) Transparency: Rules/ Procedures/ Schemes/Grievances. The answer can expand on these principles and the progress made by India with regard to Citizen Charter. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP VAN-ETHICS What purpose do citizen charters serve? Is it effective in India? Critically comment. (TLP Phase 2 2018) https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2018/08/day-40-q-2-what-purpose-do-citizen-charters-serve-is-it-effective-in-india-critically-comment/ Q4. (b) There is a view that the official secrets act is an obstacle to the implementation of the Rights to Information act. Do you agree with the view? Discuss (150 words) (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question is asking your opinion on the statement ‘Is official secrets act (OSA) an obstacle to the implementation of Rights to Information act’. You need to prove whether the 2 acts (official secrets and RTI) are in conflict, is there any misuse of the provisions of Official secrets act or compatible. Initially, you should give a brief background about the Right to Information (RTI) Act and the intention behind such historic legislation. You can quote SC observation which stated that RTI is inherent in Right to freedom of expression (Article 19) The second part of the answer needs to elaborate on the origin of the Official Secrets Act (Colonial times) and merits in its continuance (National Security). The colonial-era law meant for ensuring secrecy and confidentiality in governance, mostly on national security and espionage issues, has often been cited by authorities for refusing to divulge information. Governments have also faced criticism for misusing the law against journalists and whistleblowers. The third part of the answer should bring out the conflicts between these two acts and the possibility of misuse of OSA in denying information under RTI Act which hampers the democratic functioning of the country. The OSA does not define “secret” or “official secrets”. Public servants could deny any information terming it a “secret” when asked under the RTI Act. The 2nd ARC report stated that as the OSA’s background is the colonial climate of mistrust of people and the primacy of public officials in dealing with the citizens, it created a culture of secrecy. “Confidentiality became the norm and disclosure the exception,” it said. This tendency was challenged when the Right to Information Act came into existence. In the concluding part, the answer can take a stand by suggesting to narrow the definition/ambit of Official Secrets act so as to safeguard National Security as well as to not hinder transparency under RTI. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP VAN-ETHICS Q.5 (a) What do you understand by probity in governance? Based on your understanding of the term, suggest measures for ensuring probity in government. (150 words) (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This question consists of two parts, of which the first one is asking about your understanding of probity in governance and the second is asking to write the measures to ensure such probity. Firstly, define probity and explain about probity by giving examples/case study. Based on the explanation given about probity in the first part, one must suggest some measures which will ensure probity in Government. Probity is the act of strict adherence to the highest principles and ideals (integrity, good character, honesty, decency) rather than just avoiding corrupt or dishonest conduct. It balances service to the community against the self-interest of individuals. Moreover, Probity has been described as a risk management approach ensuring procedural integrity. Measures:  Public servants should be held personally responsible for their mala fide acts in the discharge of their functions as public servants. The necessity for a law providing for confiscation of illegally acquired assets by public servants. The Hota Committee had also drawn attention to the delays and procedural aspects therein which prevent disciplinary penalties from becoming a tool for ensuring efficiency and probity. As a society, we must evolve to a level where probity becomes a way of life, where honesty is a routine expectation IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP VAN-ETHICS  What is ‘probity’? Why is it a desirable attribute to have for a civil servant? Examine. (TLP Phase-2 2019) https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/09/day-59-q-3-what-is-probity-why-is-it-a-desirable-attribute-to-have-for-a-civil-servant-examine/ Examine the concept and application of ‘probity in governance’. (TLP Phase-1 2019) https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2018/12/day-35-q-1-examine-the-concept-and-application-of-probity-in-governance/ Probity is a much broader concept than merely ‘honesty’ or ‘financial rectitude’. Do you agree? Substantiate. (C2C/TLP Offline 2019 GS-4 Full Mock) Q.5 (b) “Emotional Intelligence is the ability to make your emotions work for you instead of against you.” Do you agree with this view? Discuss. (150 words) (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The first line of the question itself is defining emotional intelligence. According to statement emotional intelligence is nothing but making proper use (intelligent use) of the emotions such that the emotions will benefit an individual instead of causing harm.The second part of the question is asking your view on the statement given. Emotional intelligence (EI) refers to the capability of a person to manage and control his or her emotions and possess the ability to control the emotions of others as well. Examples: Emotions working against an individual: IAS officer Mukesh Pandey (DM of Buxar) committed suicide due to some personal emotions/issues (Sadness, frustration) Emotionally Intelligent: P.V. Sindhu losing in two consecutive Badminton World Championships finals won the 2019 Badminton World Championships. (Converted disappointment, frustration to Grit and Success) IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP VAN-ETHICS What qualities make a person ‘emotionally intelligent’? Explain. (C2C 2019/TLP offline Test-10) Is an emotionally intelligent person a better administrator? Illustrate. (TLP Plus/Offline Test-9) A person’s ability to perceive, identify and manage emotions allows him to develop the kinds of social and emotional competencies that are important for success in almost any job. Elucidate. (ILP MAINS) Q.6 What do each of the following quotations mean to you? LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The quotation given by the thinker/moral philosopher should be first explained in simple terms. Then one must provide real life examples/case studies which will fit in to such an explanation. One can also provide counter-arguments. However, they must be substantiated with examples and case studies. 6 (a) “An unexamined life is not worth living.” – Socrates (150 words) (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: When Socrates said, “The life which is unexamined is not worth living”, the philosopher was telling us that we should carefully analyse our actions, a piece of advice for which he should be admired. One must constantly examine their life in order to improve their quality of life. Provide examples which will help in explaining the quote. Examples: M Gandhiji - Continuously examined the steps taken by him in the struggle in South Africa which helped him to evolve the tool of Satyagraha. A Einstein -Constant examining of his failures has led him to revolutionise scientific thoughts on space, time, gravity and light. Counter Argument: Socrates’ statement does instigate discussion, but it doesn’t necessarily apply to everyone’s way of life and what makes or doesn’t make their life worth living. The theory that all lives that are unexamined don’t have a purpose and should not be lived is unreasonable and simply not true. There is a lot more that contributes to a person’s happiness and well-being besides ‘examining their lives’. Factors such as life experiences, being with family, things to be thankful for, memories, and reaching success in life. Everything that makes one happy, and a happy life should most definitely be lived whether its examined or not. IASBABA REFERENCE: “An unexamined life is not worth living.” (TLP Plus/offline 2019, ILP MAINS MOCK- Test-9)   6 (b) “A man is but the product of his thoughts. What he thinks, he becomes.” – M.K.Gandhi (150 words) (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The quote by Gandhi conveys that a man is what he thinks. Gandhi emphasizes upon the importance of thoughts and its role in shaping an individual. Explain about the importance of thoughts and how they play a major role in shaping an individual. Give some examples which showcases the importance of thoughts and influence of thoughts on an individual/society. What he thinks, he becomes’ explains that a man can be described by the kind of thoughts he chooses. Thoughts can be either positive or negative. It can be good or bad, happy or sad. Since he thinks about it, he attracts it into his life. Examples: Hitler - in the context of killings of Jews is influenced by his thoughts of Racial superiority. Mother Teresa - Thoughts filled with Compassion and Empathy, served the people with leprosy. Counter Argument: Just thoughts alone cannot make a person to become what he/she wants to be. Our actions too must be compatible with our thoughts as how we think and visualize it. If you want to become a cricket player in the future, you must not practice football now. If we want to become rich someday, we should not be lazy in the present moment. Thoughts should be backed by necessary actions. IASBABA REFERENCE: All that we are is the result of what we have thought. (C2C/TLP OFFLINE (Phase 2) Test-5). 6 (c) “Where there is righteousness in the heart, there is beauty in the character. When there is beauty in the character, there is harmony in the home. When there is harmony in the home, there is order in the nation. When there is order in the nation, there is peace in the world.” – A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (150 words) (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: In this quote Abdul Kalam has linked righteousness in the heart to multiple layers and finally to the peace in the world. An individual with righteousness in the heart can contribute towards global peace is the underlying theme of this quote. Righteousness is the quality of being morally correct. After defining righteousness, one must explain how righteousness in the heart will ultimately lead to peace in the world. In this regard, one can explain upon all the interconnections which will lead to a peaceful world. Examples: K.Gandhi: Righteousness in the Heart made Gandhiji a strong character, where he never buckled under any pressure and always stuck to his principles of non-violence (Satyagraha), which in turn led to mass mobilization, creation of oneness’ in the country (bringing order in the nation) and he finally emphasized upon Sarva Dharma Samabhava to quell divisions that had begun to develop between Hindus and Muslims toward the end of the British Raj (bringing in peace) Nelson Mandela: Righteousness in the Heart- gave equal right to the Whites in South Africa which has led to order in the nation contributing to world peace. IASBABA REFERENCE: Case Studies:   Q7. You are heading the rescue operations in an area affected by severe natural calamity, thousands of people are rendered homeless and deprived of food, drinking water and other basic amenities. Rescue work has been disrupted by heavy rainfall and damaged to supply routes. The local people are seeding with anger against the delayed limited rescue operations. When your team reaches the affected area, the people there heckle and even assault some of the team members. One of your team member is even severely injured. Faced with this crisis some team member plead with you to call off the operations freeing threats to their life. In such trying circumstances, what will be your response? Examine the qualities of a public servant which will be required to manage the situations. (250 words) (20 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: Subject Matter of the Case Study: This case study shows you the challenges that an officer faces in Disaster Management process. This type of situation will be faced by majority of public/civil servants, as India is prone to frequent floods and droughts across the country. Ethical Dilemma:  Integrity, honesty, Compassion, and Commitment VS Self-protection. Content: Here you need to first understand the ground level situation and then take spontaneous action. In the first part, you need to mention the steps you will be taking to bring the situation under control and then in the second part of the answer you need to list out the qualities that are required by the public servant in such situations. Examples: Leadership capabilities like Emotional intelligence, Empathy, compassion, Sensitivity of the situation, Accountability, Respect for colleagues and protecting them etc. Your answer here should be practical and not very idealistic or extremes. You need to show here your capacity and capabilities to handle such a situation and to prove why you can be a good civil servant. IASBABA REFERENCE: You are posted in one of the worst flood-affected districts in a South Indian state. Thousands have got displaced by the floods and there is pressure from your political bosses to tackle the floods with better efficiency and deeper engagement with people. A notorious local leader is trying to provoke the affected people by spreading rumours that the administration is siphoning off the money allocated for flood relief. One day you receive information that some flood-affected villagers have become violent and they have assaulted a flood relief officer. The officer has been held hostage by the crowd and they are demanding your presence to release him. Your security officer suggests that you avoid going to the village as the angry villagers might assault you also. In fact, they might be doing so on the behest of the local leader. What decision would you take in this situation? How would you diffuse the prevailing tension? Discuss. (250 words) (20) (TLP plus/Offline Test-14) Q8. Honesty and uprightness are the hallmarks of a civil servants. Civil servants possessing these qualities are considered as a back bone of any strong organizations. In line of duty, they take various decisions, at times some become bonafide mistakes. As long as such decisions, are not taken intentionally and do not benefit personally, the officer cannot be said to be guilty. Though such decisions may, at times, lead to unforeseen adverse consequences in the long term. In the recent past, a few instances have surfaced where in civil servants has been implicated for bonafide mistakes. They have often been prosecuted and even imprisoned. These instances have greatly rattled the moral fiber of the civil servants. How does this trend affect the functioning of civil services? What measures can be taken to ensure that honest civil servants are not implicated for bonafide mistakes on their part? Justify your answer. (250 words) (20 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: Subject Matter of the Case Study: This case study throws light on the day to day functioning of the civil servant and the consequences of their actions taken during the performance of their official duties. We have several officers who in spite of being honest, have got jail terms for mistakes they did not commit or benefit out of it. Ethical Dilemma:  Integrity, Honesty and Accountability VS Decision making. Content: You need to bring out how this trend will affect their functioning, like for instance, they are going to be defensive by not taking timely decisions, obstructing to clearing files, etc. Also u can give examples like former coal secretary H.C. Gupta and two other serving government officials - K.S. Kropha and K.C. Samaria (Coal Scam Case) Then mention the measures that can be taken. For example, take decisions on the merit of the case and take account of expert and Professional advice. Provide information and advice including the advice to ministers on the basis of evidence and accurately present opinions and facts. Decisions based on merits and facts. Then you can end by saying Decision making becomes difficult when everything can be questioned and motives attributed. If everybody is playing safe, it leads to status-quo. IASBABA REFERENCE: Why is it important to have high ethical standards in civil services? Examine-in the light of the current bureaucratic discourse. (TLP phase-II GS compilations). Upon entering the civil services, an honest person is often left with two alternatives. On one hand, one can keep a tight vigil on all the happenings in the system and make sure that no corrupt or illegal practices are perpetrated by an individual. The idea is to cleanse the system and make it corruption-free. On the other hand, one can maintain personal integrity while turning a blind eye toward everything else. Most of the civil servants start with the first option, get demotivated midway due to the stubbornness of the system to change and finally reconcile themselves with the second alternative. What are your views in this regard? What would you do when you enter the civil services? Comment. (250 Words) (25) (C2C/TLP Offline Test-10) Why certain values are considered fundamental for civil services?  Substantiate. (150 words) (10) (C2C/TLP Offline mains Test-10) Q9. An apparel manufacturing company having large number of women employees was losing sales due to various factors. The company hired a reputed marketing executive, who increased the volume of sales within a short span of time. However, some unconfirmed reports came up regarding his indulgence in sexual harassment at the work place. After sometime a women employee launched a formal complaint to the management against the marketing executive about sexually harassing her. Faced with the companies’ indifference, in not taking cognizance of her grievances, she lodged an FIR with police. Realizing the sensitivity and gravity of the situation, the company called the women employee to negotiate. In that she was offered a hefty sum of money to withdraw the complaint and the FIR and also give in writing that the marketing executive is not involved in the case. Identify the ethical issues involved in this case. What options are available to the women employee? (250 words) (20 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: Subject Matter of the Case Study: Try to identify the basic theme of the case study. Failing this you will keep beating around the bush. This case study focuses on sexual harassment at workplace for women. Here you need to identify the ethical issues involved and options available for the victim to get justice and how to prevent them in future. Ethical Dilemma:  Self-interest vs societal interest Means vs Ends Content:  Write down the issues involved and values at stake in the case. Address all points of the case; ignoring some of them will not fetch you full marks. List down the options available along with merits and demerits and what is the course of action she should take. Write the solutions, immediate and long term. Also, address any backlash/side effects of your proposed actions and address them.  IASBABA REFERENCE: The company you work for has really stringent rules and regulations against sexual harassment. However, you notice something worrisome. One of your female colleagues is being constantly harassed by one of her superiors. On one hand, he is giving her inducement for promotion and on the other hand, threatens to fire her from the job if she doesn't give in to his demands. You tried convincing your colleague to speak up but she is quite hesitant. She has a family to support and in no way she can afford to take a chance with her job. What can be the best course of action in this situation? Suggest. (250 words) (20) (C2C/TLP Offline 2019 Test-15) Q10. In a modern democratic polity there is a concept of the political executive and permanent executive elected people’s representatives forms the political executive and bureaucracy forms the permanent executive. Ministers frame policy decisions and bureaucrats execute these. In the initial decades after independence, relationship between the permanent executives and the political executives were characterized by mutual understanding, respect, and cooperation, without encroaching upon each other’s domain. However, in the subsequent decades the situation has changed. There are instances of the political executive insisting upon the permanent executives to follow its agenda. Respect for an appreciation of an upright bureaucrats has declined. There is an increasing tendency among the political executive to get involved in routine administrative matters such as transfers, posting etc. Under this scenario, there is a definitive trend towards ‘politicization of bureaucracy’. The raising materialism and acquisitiveness in social life has also adversely impacted upon the ethical values of both the permanent executive and the political executive. What are the consequences of this ‘politicization of bureaucracy’? Discuss.  (250 words) (20 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: Subject matter of Case study: This case study throws light on political interference in bureaucracy and the effects of the same on bureaucrats’. You need to mention the consequences of ‘Politicization of Bureaucracy’ and also how to move forward. Ethical dilemma: Integrity, Accountability and Transparency VS Code of conduct, Upholding Oath of office. Content: Your answer should include both positive and negative consequences. Example: Partisanship: Bureaucrats might start favouring certain people/group over others with a long-term plan, Politics: They might start favouring/help particular political party in exchange for the ticket in future, Nexus: It might create an illegal and unethical nexus between elected and permanent executives and affect democratic principles in the longer run. IASBABA REFERENCE: If read Ethics VAN of ILP and Mock questions- this question could be easily solved. Q11. In one of the districts of a frontier state, narcotics menace has been rampant. This has resulted in money laundering, mushrooming of poppy farming, arms smuggling and near stalling of education. The system is on the verge of collapse. The situation has been further worsened by unconfirmed reports that local politicians, as well as some senior police officers, are providing surreptitious patronage to the drug mafia. At that point of time a woman police officer, known for her skills in handling such situations is appointed as superintendent of police to bring the situation to normalcy. If you are the same police officer, identify the various dimensions of the crisis. Based on your understanding, suggest measures to deal with the crisis. (250 words) (20 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: Subject matter of Case study: This case study highlights the issues related to rampant narcotics abuse by the citizens of the country and its associated issues. Your approach to addressing the issue should be to first identify the various stakeholders who are involved and the risks involved here. Then you need to identify the root cause for the rampant narcotics abuse and how will you tackle the issue and bring the situation to normal. Ethical dilemmas involved: Honesty, integrity and Moral values VS professional ethics, Code of conduct for politicians and Public servants. Content: Identify the various stakeholders in this case: You as a police officer, Drug Mafia, Politicians, Senior policers. Identify the various dimensions of the case and its links to one other like Narcotics menace, which is supporting Money laundering and arms smuggling thereby stalling the education. In the next part, how you will deal with the situation and measures that you would be taking. For instances, you will talk to village elders and NGO’s, involvement of Media in crackdown of godowns and mushrooming poppy fields etc. IASBABA REFERENCE: If read Ethics VAN of ILP and Mock questions- this question could be easily solved. Q12. In recent times, there has been an increasing concern in India to develop effective civil service ethics, code of conduct, transparency measures, ethics and integrity systems and anti-corruption agencies. In view of this, there is need being felt to focus on three specific areas, which are directly relevant to the problems of internalizing integrity and ethics in the civil services. These are as follows: Anticipating specific threats to ethical standards and integrity in the civil services, Strengthening the ethical competence of civil servant and Developing administrative processes and practices which promote ethical values and integrity in civil services. Suggest institutional measures to address the above three issues. (250 words) (20 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This case study throws light on the issues being faced by bureaucracy and the need for civil service reforms. The case study itself has identified the issues and is asking you to focus on three specific areas which need urgent attention. Here you need to pick up each of the areas and come out with institutional measures to address them individually. For example, you can talk about the implementation of recommendation of 2nd ARC committees, Periodic and Independent Evaluation of the Quality of civil servants etc. IASBABA REFERENCE: If read Ethics VAN of ILP and Mock questions- this question could be easily solved. END NOTE: You can discuss and comment below to have more inputs from fellow aspirants. Paper 3 will be published soon. TLP Connect 2020: Prelims + Mains+ Interview Mentorship Based Programme (OFFLINE and ONLINE) [embed]https://www.youtube.com/embed/57pdBuBEwCw[/embed] Important timelines in the Video: Initial 10 mins - about IASbaba and Team 13 minutes onwards - Philosophy behind TLP and Details about TLP Connect Mentorship programme 35mins, 30 Sec onwards - Art of Answer Writing 1:14:25 (hr:min:sec) onwards - Live Demo of Answer Writing 1:37:30 onwards - Ethics Strategy 2:19:45 onwards - Right Attitude for UPSC Preparation DOWNLOAD THE PDFS GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 1-2019 GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 2-2019 GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 4-2019

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RSTV IAS UPSC – Motor Vehicle Act : Life v/s Fines

Motor Vehicle Act : Life v/s Fines Archives TOPIC: General Studies 2 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation By the time you finish reading this article, at least two people would have died and another eight injured in road accidents in India. During same time span, India would have seen at least eight road accidents. Most of these accidents would have taken place on a clear sunny day, on a straight road in an open area largely devoid of human activity. And, in case you are wondering, most of these accidents would be due to over-speeding. Of the eight accidents, two would be on a national highway and at least three would involve a two-wheeler. Between now and tomorrow (at the same time), India would have suffered 1,274 deaths in road accidents, deaths that are completely avoidable. Another at least 1,308 people would also be injured, many of them disabled for life. Of the ones who would be killed in these road accidents, 86 per cent would be men, and in most cases main breadwinner of the family. A majority (72 per cent) of the dead (men and women) would be in the age group of 18-45 years, the population that is most productive and is hailed as India's demographic dividend. These examples are based on our analysis of the data presented in annual reports of the Union Ministry of Road and Transport. In News: Several states have decided not to implement the new Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act – WHY? Steep penalties would overburden people  It would lead to higher levels of corruption Besides stringent rules and stiff fines, the Act provides for a 10% increase in penalties every year. The Act contains as many as 63 clauses pertaining to fines and driving licences among others. States can, however, revise fines for more than two dozen provisions that are compoundable, while the penalties for non-compoundable offences—where the nature of the offence is grave—cannot be revised. The Union Transport Minister Nitin Gadkari differed from what unconvinced states had to say – High penalties under the amendment were undertaken after expansive deliberations and the key objective was to increase road discipline among citizens.  India remains one of the top accident-prone nations in the world.  As per Ministry of Road Transport and Highways data, 1.47 lakh people lost their lives due to road accidents in 2017; the scenario remains the same in 2019. To add some context, this figure is 37.54 per cent more than the total number of people killed in floods and heavy rains in the last 65 years in India. More fatal than war in Afghanistan: The number of people killed in India due to road accidents in just 2017 (1,47,913 deaths) is nearly the same as the number of Afghans killed in the ongoing war in Afghanistan that started after the 9/11 terror attacks. More casualties than Vietnam War: Between 2014 and 2017, the number of people killed on Indian roads in accidents (5.84 lakh) was more than twice the estimated casualties of South Vietnamese soldiers (2.5 lakh) in the Vietnam War that spanned 20 years between 1955 and 1975. Deadlier than HIV/AIDS: The number of people killed in road accidents in India in 2017 was more than twice the number of people killed in India due to HIV/AIDS in the same year. Bigger killer than snakes: Road accidents in India claim at least three times more human lives every year than those claimed by all snakes of the world put together. (Snakes kill about 50,000 people every year). A mass murderer: On the global scale, the World Health Organisation estimates that 58,00,000 people die every year due some form of injury. Of these, only 3 per cent are related to war and conflict, while 21 per cent are related to road accidents. Yet, road accidents and road safety receive a fraction of the attention that is devoted to war and conflict. Vastly debilitating: Of every 100 road accidents in India, 32 are the ones in which at least one person is killed and 26 are the ones in which victims suffer grievous injuries that require hospitalisation. Why this kolaveri: For every kilometre of road in India, there were 41 vehicles in 2017. In 1970, this figure was just one vehicle per km. The explosion of vehicular density can be well understood from this. Despite the data and the good intentions behind stricter penalties, states such as West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Punjab, Jharkhand and Maharashtra denied imposing stricter fines to boost road discipline. Meanwhile, other states like Karnataka, Uttarakhand, Gujarat, and Kerala decided to reduce the rates that have been stated in the amended act. Conclusion:  The need of the hour is to stop playing politics and give preference to citizens lives. If implemented in right spirit, the law can change road habits of all by not only imposing stiffer penalties, but also trying to inculcate a sense of responsibility among the citizens.  But the Government cannot justify their argument with stricter high fine – for road safety. Apart from citizens behaviour, the responsibility of the Government also includes providing better roads and ensure better traffic management.  Perhaps, if citizens get to spend more time with their loved ones than spending hours on road, will citizens be able to reflect better on their behaviour and care more about safe journeys for all!   Read EVERYTHING about the Act here   Connecting the Dots: The government, through the Motor Vehicle Amendment Act, has substantially increased the penalty for traffic rule violations.What is your opinion of this step? We lack basic facilities including good roads and related services. Is it not unethical on part of the government to have done this? Comment.

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UPSC MAINS PAPER 2019 (GS 1 and GS 2): ANALYSIS, APPROACH and REFERENCES-How IASbaba was Helpful

UPSC MAINS PAPER 2019 (GS 1 and GS 2):  ANALYSIS, APPROACH and REFERENCES -How IASbaba was Helpful Dear Aspirants, We are all engaged in some or the other activity. When there is no passion attached to the activity, we call it a ‘job’. When an activity has passion behind it, it becomes ‘joy’. We have been doing one thing with great passion and dedication for the last 5 years. Yes! We love to guide civil servant aspirants. We have dedicated ourselves into creating an ecosystem that gives even a person sitting in the remotest corner to crack the prestigious civil services examination with Rank-1. In this process, we have developed, designed and dedicated a series of initiatives for civil services preparation. The quality of these initiatives have been proven time and again. It has become norm to have high hit ratios in Prelims and Mains from the initiatives of IASbaba, namely Integrated Learning Programme (ILP) and Think Learn and Perform (TLP). This article is not to boast about the HIT RATE of our initiatives in any case. It would be an injustice to say that these many questions, directly or indirectly came from our initiatives using keywords of the UPSC questions. In that way if we frame questions over the year on all keywords in UPSC syllabus our hit ratio will be 100%. However, you are smart enough to analyse the importance of our initiatives and its very close resemblance to actual UPSC papers. Rather than numbers focus on its significance and make it a part of your preparation. You should work on smart study and smart thinking to keep your inputs minimum and maximize the output. Below we have come up with the Analysis and Approach for each question of General Studies (GS) Paper 1 and Paper 2 that were asked by UPSC along with the links and references of IASbaba questions/ articles. Needless to say- if you are regular with the initiatives of IASbaba, your chances of clearing the most coveted examination of India is really high. We at IASbaba are expecting bigger and better results this year!! UPSC MAINS GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 1 DOWNLOAD THE PDFS GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 1-2019 GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 2-2019 OVERVIEW of GENERAL STUDIES (GS) PAPER 1: Most of the questions were of easy to moderate. However, questions were a mix of both Static and Analytical part. To fetch good marks, one must be having a comprehensive understanding of the Concepts and Historical events. Art and Culture (Q.1): There is one question in this years paper, which is a specific question on Gandhara Art. The question is of moderate level. Modern History (2, 3, 11, and 12): Four questions are asked which are mostly analytical in nature. The questions require a holistic understanding of each and every event. For example, the question on 1857 uprising is asking about the rebellions occurred in the preceding hundred years. The questions are of moderate level as the themes of these questions are repetitive. World History (13): Only one question has been asked, which is analytical in nature. The question is easy as most of the aspirants have an idea about the American and French revolution. Geography (4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 15, 16 and 17): Eight questions are asked from Geography. The questions are a mix of both analytical and static part of the syllabus. The questions are from easy to moderate level. Almost all the concepts are asked by UPSC in various instances. Indian Society (8, 9, 10, 18, 19 and 20): Six questions have been asked from this part. Most of the questions are analytical in nature which requires an integrated approach while studying. For example, in question-9 women empowerment is linked to population growth. Q1. Highlight the Central Asian and Greco -Bactrian elements in Gandhara art. (Answer in 150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This is a direct question. Divide the question into two parts. Influence of Central Asian elements in Gandhara art and Greek elements in Gandhara art. Gandhara was an ancient state, a mahajanapada, in the Peshawar basin in the northwest portion of the ancient Indian subcontinent, present-day Afghanistan and Pakistan. Central Asian features:  Green phyllite and grey-blue mica schist, the basic shape has been cut out of stone, this is then plastered with lime plaster to give it a finished look, Greco- Bactrian features: Hellenistic features of Buddha, halo in the back, anthropomorphic traditions of Roman religion and represented the Buddha with a youthful Apollo-like face, dressed in garments resembling those seen on Roman imperial statues, great detailing such as curly hair, large forehead and ears, half-closed eyes. Q2. The 1857 Uprising was the culmination of the recurrent big and small local rebellions that had occurred in the preceding hundred years of British rule. Elucidate (Answer in 150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question demands an aspirant to mention various rebellions during 1757-1857 which has led to a major uprising in 1857. Some Rebellions: Rangpur rebellion 1783: Peasants and Zamindars of Rangpur region in Bengal rebelled due to excessive revenue demands of British. Paika Rebellion 1817: Paikas were essentially the peasant militias of the Gajapati rulers of Odisha who rendered military service to the king during times of war while taking up cultivation during times of peace. They unfurled the banner of rebellion against the British under the leadership of Baxi Jagandhu Bidyadhara as early as 1817 to throw off the British yoke. Santhal Rebellion 1855: Santhals made a determined attempt to expel the outsiders (Dikus). Sepoy Mutiny 1857: Immediate ground for the 1857 uprising. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP VALUE ADD NOTES- Modern History ILP Mains Mock https://iasbaba.com/2019/05/rstv-ias-upsc-the-revolt-of-1857/ https://iasbaba.com/2018/12/daily-current-affairs-ias-upsc-prelims-and-mains-exam-24th-december-2018/ Q3. Examine the linkages between 19th centuries ‘Indian Renaissance’ and the emergence of national identity. (Answer in 150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: Here, examine the threads of 19th Centuries ‘Indian Renaissance’ that lead to the creation of national identity which hitherto was missing in India. Indian Renaissance a cultural, social, intellectual and artistic movement in pan India during the period of the British Indian Empire, from the nineteenth century to the early twentieth century. India engaged strongly in social and cultural preparation for participation in the more “progressive” and “radical”, political programme. This created national identity. Bengal Renaissance: This took place from Raja Ram Mohan Roy (1775–1833) through Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941) in Bengal region. Socio-religious movements: Catalyst for the emergence of nationalism. The pioneer of this movement of regeneration of India was Raja Ram Mohan Roy (1774-1833), the father of modem India who is acclaimed as the link between the fading past and dawning future, between the deep-rooted conservatism and radical reform, and between superstitious isolationism and progressive synthesis, in short, between reaction and progress. Social reforms: voice against polygamy, child marriage, caste system, untouchability, superstitions and use of intoxicants. Raja ram Roy encouraged inter-caste marriages, women's education and widow re-marriages. Educational reforms: Roy started many learned societies and educational institutions in Bengal. He studied English language and the western education system. He also helped Lord Macaulay in starting schools and colleges in India. Political reforms: Many freedom fighters demanded independence for India and fought for civil rights of the Indians and opposed the racial superiority of Europeans. Other reforms: As more Indians went abroad, they reinterpreted ancient wisdom in modern idioms and likes of Vivekanada, Mrs Arundale, LokmanyaTilak, Sarvarkar, Gandhi, KaniyalalMunshi, Tata, Birla and Bose helped spark renaissance in different fields of art, crafts, dance, music, philosophy, politics, economics, science, literature etc. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP VAN- Covered in detail Q4. Assess the impact of global warming on coral life system with examples. (Answer in 150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: Here, illustrate and assess with examples the impact of global warming on coral life. Negative Impact: Warming ocean- thermal stress Sea level rise- sedimentation Strong and more frequent storms- the destruction of reef structure Changes in precipitation: algal bloom and muddy water, reduce light Altered ocean currents- change in connectivity and temperature regime Example: Great Barrier Reef, Amazon reef, Miami terrace reef are under threat Positive impact: Reef-building corals cannot tolerate water temperatures below 64° Fahrenheit (18° Celsius). Many grow optimally in water temperatures between 73° and 84° Fahrenheit (23°–29°Celsius). Due to change of ocean currents, nutrients of the location changes in the ocean. Example: extended regions of the bay of Japan's Tsushima Island in the Korea Strait. IASBABA REFERENCE: Are coral reefs important to us? Examine. Also, enumerate the factors that are causing coral bleaching (C2C/TLP OFFLINE (Phase 1) Test13). ILP VALUE ADD NOTES- ENVIRONMENT Q5. Discuss the causes of depletion of mangroves and explain their importance in maintaining coastal ecology. (Answer in 150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This is a direct question asking you to discuss the causes of depletion of mangroves and their importance in maintaining coastal ecology. Here you can conclude with suggestions to protect the depleting mangroves. Causes for the depletion of mangroves: Clearing: Mangrove forests have often been seen as unproductive and smelly, and so cleared to make room for agricultural land, human settlements and infrastructure (such as harbours), and industrial areas. Overharvesting: Mangrove trees are used for firewood, construction wood, wood chip and pulp production, charcoal production, and animal fodder. River changes: Dams and irrigation reduce the amount of water reaching mangrove forests, changing the salinity level of water in the forest. Overfishing: The global overfishing crisis facing the world’s oceans has effects far beyond the directly overfished population. Destruction of coral reefs: Coral reefs provide the first barrier against currents and strong waves. Pollution: Fertilizers, pesticides, and other toxic man-made chemicals carried by river systems from sources upstream can kill animals living in mangrove forests, while oil pollution can smother mangrove roots and suffocate the trees  Importance of mangroves: Coastal protection: The dense root systems of mangrove forests trap sediments flowing down rivers and off the land. Fisheries: Mangrove forests are home to a large variety of fish, crab, shrimp, and mollusk species. Livelihoods: The rural communities we work with are fishers and farmers who depend on their natural environment to provide for their families. Water: Mangroves are essential to maintaining water quality. With their dense network of roots and surrounding vegetation, they filter and trap sediments, heavy metals, and other pollutants. Carbon storage: Mangroves sequester carbon at a rate two to four times greater than mature tropical forests IASBABA REFERENCE: Where would you find the maximum concentration of mangrove forests? What roles do mangroves play? Discuss. (TLP phase-1 2019) https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2018/11/day-14-q-1-where-would-you-find-the-maximum-concentration-of-mangrove-forests-what-roles-do-mangroves-play-discuss/ Discuss the distribution of major mangrove concentrations in the world. What roles do mangroves play in maintaining the ecological balance? What are the threats to mangroves? Discuss. (TLP phase- 2 2019) https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/08/day-45-q-1-discuss-the-distribution-of-major-mangrove-concentrations-in-the-world-what-roles-do-mangroves-play-in-maintaining-the-ecological-balance-what-are-the-threats-to-mangroves-discuss ILP VALUE ADD NOTES & Mock- ENVIRONMENT Q6. Can the strategy of regional-resource based manufacturing help in promoting employment in India? (Answer in 150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question is asking you whether/can the regional-resource based manufacturing generate more employment opportunities in India. Mention some regions along with specific resources, which are helpful in manufacturing goods. Mention how employment can be generated through such manufacturing. Examples: Cotton industries: Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu are abundant in cotton. Many cotton textiles are seen. Promotion of employment: KVIC (khadi and Village Industries Commission) plan, promote, facilitate, organise and assist in the establishment and development of khadi and village industries in the rural areas Jute industries: West Bengal, Assam, Orissa, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Tripura and Meghalaya are main jute growing industries. Promotion of employment -national jute policy and national textile policy Silk industries: Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu, Madhya Pradesh, Assam are main areas of silk industries. Promotion of employment: KSIC (Karnataka Silk Industries Corporation Limited) , central silk board are meant for expanding silk industries. Iron resources: Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Jharkhand, Odisha, Goa, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu are the principal Indian producers of iron ore. Promotion of employment: Jobs in Steel Plants (Visakhapatnam Steel Plant), Make in India projects in various states. Q7. Discuss the factors for localization of agro-based food processing industries of North-West India. (Answer in 150 words). LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH:  This question is specific to North-West India. One must discuss the factors which led to localization of agro-based food processing industries of North-West India. Localization means the concentration of certain industries in particular areas. Agro-based food processing is defined as a set of techno-economic activities, applied to all the products, originating from the agricultural farm, aquacultural sources, livestock and forests for their conservation, handling and value- addition to make them usable as food, feed, fibre, fuel or industrial raw materials. Some of the factors for localization of food processing industries: States like Punjab, Haryana have high agricultural production (Green Revolution) High milk production in States like Haryana. Agricultural crisis and price fluctuations— Price fluctuations of agricultural produce are adversely impacting the predominantly agrarian states of North-West India. So, food processing sector can help bridging this void. Support by State Governments: Example-Punjab Government has formed a separate department of food processing industries. IASBABA REFERENCE:  A similar question on North East in ILP Mock was asked. Q.8. What makes Indian society unique in sustaining its culture? Discuss. (Answer in 150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: Though India is a land of diverse culture, it is able to sustain such a huge diversity. So how is India able to sustain its multi-culture society (which in itself makes our country unique) is the theme of the question. Initially mention about the diversity of India and then bring in the unique features which have made India to sustain such wide diversity. Examples: Co-existence of religions despite diversity (foreign religions and indigenous religions) from Centuries: Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism. Cultural tolerance: Many diverse geographical regions with various cultures co-exist even today. (Government Schemes—Ek Bharat, Shrestha Bharat) Propagation of culture through Socialization—Existence of Joint Family. Though the Joint Family Structure is disintegrating the familial relations still exist. Rulers like Ashoka, Akbar has patronized various religions and ensured that there is peaceful co-existence of religions. Principle of Sarva Dharma Samabhava is rooted in India’s tradition and culture—equal respect for all religions Indian culture in general and Hindu religion in particular have permitted and encouraged multifaceted ways of devotion, worship approaches to the understanding of world and reality. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP VAN- Culture and Society Q9. “Empowering women is the key to control population growth”. Discuss (Answer in 150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question is demanding the aspirant to establish a link between women empowerment and the control of population growth. Firstly, one can write about the population growth rate in India and establish the need to control it. Then data should be provided in such a way that it substantiates that, women empowerment will help to control the population growth. The Economic Survey of 2018 mentions about son meta preference. This has resulted in 21 million “unwanted girls" in India. Such gender preferences are also contributing to the population explosion in India. The wanted fertility rate in the country is 1.8 (NFHS-4), which means that women do not want to have more than two children. (Pressure from family) Kerala- Female Literacy 92%    Total Fertility Rate-1.8 Bihar—Female Literacy 51.5% Total Fertility Rate-3.6 IASBABA REFERENCE: Population Control - Daily Current Affairs Analysis-26th July 2019 https://iasbaba.com/2019/07/daily-current-affairs-ias-upsc-prelims-and-mains-exam-26th-july-2019/ Q.10. What are the challenges to our cultural practices in the name of secularism (Answer in 150 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH : Here, you need to connect the concept of secularism with the challenges it brings to diverse cultural practices carried out in India. The Indian concept of Secularism: equal treatment of all religions by the state and no special rights to any religion; it has to support all religion equally. Secularism and conflicts with cultural practices: Religious Morality vs Constitutional Morality (Example: Sabarimala Verdict) Cultural traditions vs Secular traditions (Challenging the appointment of priests on the basis of Agamas) Triple Talaq and polygamy which is practiced by Muslims since ages is challenged. Cultural Practices in Hindu religion, existing from centuries are challenged (Made Snana in Coastal belt of Karnataka) Cow Slaughter law challenges the food habits of minority religion. In the name of Secularism, demand for Uniform Civil Code, though will bring in equality will subsume many cultural practices. IASBABA’S REFERENCE: The fact remains that secularism is inherent in the Indian system, in the Indian ethos and culture. India cannot but be secular. Comment. (TLP plus/offline test-6) Do you find any contradictions in the prevalent notion, understanding and practice of secularism in India? Critically comment. (TLP 2019-phase 2) ILP VAN- covered in detail https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/07/day-25-q-4-do-you-find-any-contradictions-in-the-prevalent-notion-understanding-and-practice-of-secularism-in-india-critically-comment/ Q11. Many voices had strengthened and enriched the nationalist movement during the Gandhian phase. Elaborate (Answer in 250 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This is a direct question on Gandhian phase of freedom struggle. Many famous personalities took part in the freedom struggle, especially during the Gandhian phase. Here you need to mention about the various ideologies, philosophies and various personalities who brought a change through their own way in freedom struggle during Gandhian Phase i.e. from 1914 till independence. For instance, mention about the contributions of Madan Mohan Malviya (Nationalistic education system), Aurobindo Ghosh (Spiritualism and revolutionary movement, Subhash Chandra Bose ( Socialism and extremism) , Tilak’s (Ganapati festival to bring masses into freedom struggle). Also, you can mention the participation of: Women participation: thousands of women came out of their homes and participated in salt satyagraha. Working-class and professionals participated: lawyers, teachers, professors also joined the national movement. Students also boycotted class and participated in the movement in large scale. All religion participated: irrespective of religion and caste all people took part in mass movement. Business class participated: gave financial assistance and rejected imported goods. IASBABA REFERENCE: How did Gandhi’s arrival change the discourse of the nationalist movement? Did it make the movement more inclusive and representative? Critically comment. (TLP Phase-II 2019 GS-1 compilations). https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/06/day-2-q-4-how-did-gandhis-arrival-change-the-discourse-of-the-nationalist-movement-did-it-make-the-movement-more-inclusive-and-representative-critically-comment/ The phase of freedom struggle in India’s modern history witnessed intense debates over suitability of different economic ideologies to shape the country. What were the most prominent of these ideologies? Who propounded them? Also, outline the larger debates that ensued. (TLP Plus-2019 Test-1). ILP VAN- covered in detail Q12. Assess the role of British imperial power in complicating the process of transfer of power during 1940s. (Answer in 250 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH : This is a question which asks about how British imperial power caused various troubles and hinders in transfer of powers to Indians during the 1940’s. For example: You can talk about how in the name of transfer of power, Britisher’s involved Indian princes and Muslims to create friction between various elements. Delayed announcing border commission, formed various committees to delay transfer of power like August offer, Crips mission, Wavell plan etc. IASBABA REFERENCE: Do you think the transfer of power from the British to the Indians was hastily handled? Critically comment. (TLP Phase-I 2019 GS-1 compilations). https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2018/12/day-37-q-4-do-you-think-the-transfer-of-power-from-the-british-to-the-indians-was-hastily-handled-critically-comment/ Q13. Explain how the foundations of the modern world were laid by the American and French revolution. (Answer in 250 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question is on the contribution of American (18th century- 1775) and French revolution (18th century- 1789) to the making of the modern world (starting from the mid of 19th century  – 1850 onwards) Your answer should include how governance changed from monarchy to republican form of government, rule of law, Principles of equality, liberty and justice, separation of power, voting rights etc. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP Value Add Notes- Covered in detail (Mind Maps) ILP Mains Mock Examine the democratic principles that took a concrete shape post-American independence. (TLP Phase-I 2019 GS compilations). https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2018/12/day-26-q-4-examine-the-democratic-principles-that-took-a-concrete-shape-post-american-independence/  How did different European powers respond to the French revolution? Discuss. (TLP Plus 2019 Test-1).  Why did anti-monarchy sentiments spread in 18th century Europe? Examine. (TLP Phase-I 2019 GS-1 compilations). https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2018/12/day-26-q-1-why-did-anti-monarchy-sentiments-spread-in-18th-century-europe-examine/ What role did thinkers and philosophers play in the awakening of the conscience of the European society? What were its consequences? (TLP Phase-I 2019 GS compilations). https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2018/12/day-26-q-2-what-role-did-thinkers-and-philosophers-play-in-the-awakening-of-the-conscience-of-the-european-society-what-were-its-consequences/ Q14. What is water stress? How and why does it differ regionally in India? (Answer in 250 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This is a question which tests your knowledge about water scarcity which the world is facing and the factors which causes the scarcity in different parts of India. In introduction define what do you mean by water stress. Then in body, you need to explain the reasons behind the water scarcity in different regions of India. For instance, Chennai is located on Bay of Bengal but still faces water scarcity, explain how and why it faces. Same way Vidarbha region and Shimla. All three has different factors and causes. You need to identify them and explain. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP MAINS VAN- Water Stress/ Security Why has water become a stressed resource in many parts of the world? Analyse. (TLP Phase-I 2019 GS-1 compilations). https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2018/11/day-8-q-3-why-has-water-become-a-stressed-resource-in-many-parts-of-the-world-analyse/ Which parts of the world are suffering from acute water scarcity? It is being feared that the situation will worsen even further? Why? Analyse. (TLP Phase-II 2019 GS-1 compilations). https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/08/day-42-q-4-which-parts-of-the-world-are-suffering-from-acute-water-scarcity-it-is-being-feared-that-the-situation-will-worsen-even-further-why-analyse/  How is urbanisation affecting the water bodies in the cities? What are its implications? Examine. (TLP Phase-II 2019 GS-1 compilations). https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/08/day-45-q-3-how-is-urbanisation-affecting-the-water-bodies-in-the-cities-what-are-its-implications-examine/  Why is Chennai facing abnormal levels of dryness? Examine. What policy measures are needed to address the problem? Discuss. (TLP Plus/Offline 2019 test-13). Q15. How can the mountain ecosystem be restored from the negative impact of development initiatives and tourism? (Answer in 250 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This question is specific to mountain ecosystem, you need to first define mountain ecosystem in introduction then identify the issues with mountain ecosystem caused due development initiatives and tourism in the first part and then measures to restore them. For instance, Mention the negative impacts like Landslides, Flash floods, Plastic wastes, invasion of alien species, monotype culture etc. Take examples of places around Himalayas like Kedarnath (floods), Shimla (Landslides), Mount Everest (Disposal of degradable and non-degradable wastes), Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats etc. IASBABA REFERENCE: What are some of the most serious threats to the Himalayan ecosystem today? What is the contribution of human activities in degrading the Himalayas? Discuss.  (TLP Test-13) ILP MAINS MOCK Q16. How is efficient and affordable urban mass transport key to the rapid economic development of India? (Answer in 250 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question is asked in the background of rising problems of traffic congestion in urban areas. The answer needs to primarily address the benefits of mass transport system in Urban areas. The answer needs to highlight that mass transport system needs to be efficient w.r.t connecting different parts of Urban areas (including last-mile connectivity); efficient w.r.t time management so that these systems can be relied upon by people; efficient w.r.t energy usage so as to reduce pollution in urban areas (push for electric buses) and efficient w.r.t safety and security of transport operations. The answer should also highlight the need to make such transport systems affordable so that it is accessible by all sections of society in Urban areas. These characteristics in Urban mass transport system will ensure people will not opt for personal vehicles for commuting in urban areas which inturn will reduce traffic burden on roads. Reduced traffic on roads will lead to savings in petrol and diesel (positively affecting our Current account deficit through reduced oil imports). Urban mass transport will also lead to reduction in travel time – thereby increasing time for productive work. The opportunity cost of commuting within Urban areas is thus reduced through efficient and affordable mass transport system. The answer can also give examples of Suburban rail system in Mumbai and Metro system in Delhi – the success of which has led to replication of same models of Urban mass transport in other cities across India. IASBABA REFERENCE: Explain the concept of urban mobility with the help of at least two case studies. (TLP plus/Offline 2019 Test-6). Q17. How do ocean currents and water masses differ in their impacts on marine life and coastal environment? Give suitable examples? (Answer in 250 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The answer needs to bring out the distinction between Ocean Currents and Water masses and their impacts on marine life and costal environment. Water mass is a body of water which has physical properties (like temperature, salinity, density) distinct from surrounding water. Ocean currents are body of water mass which flow in a well-defined path under the influence of wind, coastal features and Coriolis force. Ocean currents impact the temperature & humidity of coastal regions for example: Warm current increases the temperature and humidity of the coastal area through which it passes, such as the Norwegian current which increase the temperature of the coastal areas of North Sea make the port workable and climate cool and moist. Also most of the cold current are found in the western margin of the continents in lower latitude which is associated with the desert landforms in these latitudes Example: California current in western USA, Peru current in western south America etc. Ocean currents also impacts marine life and thus fish resources: In East Asia meeting of the warm Kuroshio and the cold Oyashio current provides ideal conditions for rich fishing grounds in Japan. However, navigation becomes difficult due to thick fog. Water masses determine the hydrological conditions of the water which influence the production and the growth of plankton and fish species. For example: the growth of and survival of Corals is largely dependent on the stable conditions of water masses in which they reside. Likewise, water masses impact the humidity and pressure of air above its surface, which inturn impacts the circulation of winds affecting coastal environment Ex: Land breeze and Sea breeze. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP Value Add Notes- Covered in detail ILP Mains Mock- How do ocean currents alter the climate of a place? Illustrate with the help of suitable examples. Ocean currents have far-reaching impacts on the coastal economy. Do you agree? With the help of suitable examples, examine the ways in which ocean currents affect the coastal economy. (TLP Phase-II 2019 GS-1 compilations). https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/08/day-41-q-3-ocean-currents-have-far-reaching-impacts-on-the-coastal-economy-do-you-agree-with-the-help-of-suitable-examples-examine-the-ways-in-which-ocean-currents-affects-coastal-economy/ How do ocean currents affect global climate? Illustrate by taking suitable examples. (TLP Phase-I 2019 GS-1 compilations). https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2018/11/day-4-q-1-how-do-ocean-currents-affect-global-climate-illustrate-by-taking-suitable-examples/ Q18. Do we have cultural pockets of small India all over the nation? Elaborate with examples (Answer in 250 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The answer should bring out the different diversities present across India and also the underlying unity. Tribal diversity present across India have different culture compared to mainstream culture. Example: Gonds Tribes. Bhils Tribes. Santhal Tribes. Great Andamanese Tribes. Khasi Tribes. Garo Tribes. Linguistic diversity in India – 22 official languages in VIII schedule of the Constitution Diversity with regard to cuisine, dressing, festivals celebrated and customs observed varies from one region of India to other region. For example: Matrilineal system is observed in certain areas of Meghalaya, whereas there is strong continuance of Patriarchy and caste reflected in Haryana’s Khap Panchayats. The can be concluded by bringing out the Cosmopolitan culture which is present Indian cities like New Delhi and Mumbai which has people from all parts of India, people belonging to all classes (billionaires and slums), all castes and all religion residing in peaceful and harmonious manner. These centres of agglomeration, in the long run have its own advantages in terms of blurring societal identity fault lines leading to better integration and acting as economic engines of the Country IASBABA REFERENCE: Has Indian society become intolerant in recent years? Has its religious and cultural diversity created irreparable fissures? Give your opinion. (C2C/ TLP OFFLINE (Phase 1) Test-7 2019). The cultural practices of India have helped in the sustenance of the ecosystem. Do you agree? Substantiate with the help of suitable examples. (C2C/TLP OFFLINE (Phase 1) comprehensive Mock-1 2019). India’s tribal diversity is capital. Do you agree? Substantiate. (TLP Phase-II 2019 GS-1 compilations). https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/07/day-21-q-2-indias-tribal-diversity-is-a-capital-do-you-agree-substantiate/ The tremendous tribal diversity of India is a socio-cultural asset. Elucidate. (C2C/ TLP OFFLINE (Phase 1) Test-7 2019). ILP Mains Mock- Comment upon the tribal diversity of India. Also, examine the socio-economic challenges being faced by the tribal population Q19. What are the continued challenges for women in India against time and space? (Answer in 250 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The answer primarily needs to bring out the problems faced by Indian Women over time (history) and space (geography) Problems w.r.t time includes problems of Patriarchy still continuing in this modern era. The answer can expand on patriarchy present in social sector (access to education and health), in religious sector (denial of entry to temples/mosques), in economic sector (wage inequality between men and women, presence of glass ceiling) and in Political sector (low women representation in Legislatures). The problems faced by Indian women against space can include inequality amongst women in rural and urban areas, competition in economic field from other developing countries (example of textile sector) and challenges in commuting from one place to another due to safety and security concerns. The answer can also cite examples of recent current happenings like Sabrimala entry issue and metoo movement which highlighted the continuing challenges faced by women. IASBABA REFERENCE: Examine the implications of adverse sex ratio for India’s future. (TLP Phase-I 2019 GS-1 compilations). https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2018/12/day-38-q-5-examine-the-implications-of-adverse-sex-ratio-for-indias-future/ The #metoo campaign is a reflection moral decline of Indian society. Comment. (TLP Phase-I 2019 GS-1 compilations). https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2018/11/day-10-q-5-the-metoo-campaign-is-a-reflection-moral-decline-of-indian-society-comment/ India has quite a progressive gender jurisprudence wherein women rights are protected by laws and institutions and women interests are furthered by a multitude of welfare schemes. Yet India performs poorly on major socio-economic and political indicators related to women. Why? Analyse the factors leading to this contradiction. (TLP plus/Offline 2019 Test-6). What is ‘sexism’? Examine its prevalence in Indian social life. Why is it harmful? Discuss. (TLP Plus/Offline comprehensive mock-1). The absence of women at the level of policymaking is a serious impediment to inclusive growth. Elucidate. (TLP Phase-II 2019 GS-1 compilations). https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2018/12/day-38-q-2-the-absence-of-women-at-the-level-of-policy-making-is-a-serious-impediment-to-inclusive-growth-elucidate/ ILP Mains Mock- Working women in India face challenges on multiple fronts. Do you agree? Illustrate Q20. Are we losing our local identity for the global identity? Discuss.  (Answer in 250 words) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question is about the critical examination of the phenomenon of Globalisation. Globalisation not only involves increased exchange of goods and services but also involves exchange of people, culture and Ideas. Integration and interconnectedness of economies of the world is also leading to integration of cultures. For instance: The music culture (pop music), dressing habits (western jeans wear) and value system (individualism over communitarianism) are all being impacted by globalisation. Example of MacDonalds impacting our food habits. Thus, there is an argument that globalisation is leading to homogenisation of culture whereby people’s local identity is losing its uniqueness. The rise of protectionist measures and right-wing political parties across the world can also be attributed as backlash against the rise of global identity. The referendum results of Brexit can be cited as an example of this backlash. The answer also needs to point out the negative fallout of such protectionism especially for India which being an emergent country needs open world to expand the scope of its exports and investment source. The answer can conclude by highlighting the phenomenon of glocalisation – Globalisation + Localisation. This can be seen in the example of Mac Donalds avoiding pork & beef in India and instead offering Panneer Burgers so as to suit local tastes & needs. Therefore, local identity is still retained while at the same time going for more open world. Such trends show that fears of imposition of foreign values leading to loss local identity are thus misplaced. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP Mains Mock- What is glocalisation? How is it reshaping the business strategies in the 21st century? Discuss What do you understand by the term ‘cosmopolitanism’? Does it affect the cultural diversity of a place? Critically examine. (TLP Plus/Offline (Phase 2)2019 Test-1). Examine the ways in which globalisation has affected the taste for popular culture in India. (C2C/TLP OFFLINE (Phase 1) Test-7). Do forces of globalisation affect social mores and traditions? Substantiate with the help of suitable examples. (C2C/TLP OFFLINE (Phase 1) Test-7). UPSC MAINS GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 2 OVERVIEW of GENERAL STUDIES (GS) PAPER 2: This year's question paper of GS-2 was one of the most analytical and lengthiest paper created by UPSC in the last few years. The questions were found to be on a tougher side. It was a mixture of Fundamental and Applied part. To score high in this paper, one needs to be well aware of several important articles of Indian constitution along with current affairs, because most of the questions appearing in the GS-2 paper has direct link with recent happenings. Also one needs to include recent commissions, reports, and its recommendations in the answers. Let us take the example in International Relation part, USA's official pull out of UNESCO happened in December 2018, China's increasing assertion in South china sea and USA's Pacific doctrine has India and Japan playing a key role. So they were asked in 9th and 10th question. Also this time the paper was such that one needs to devout at least 30-40 seconds per question to read and understand what is the basic demand and which part needs to be addressed.  For instance, "From the resolution of contentious issues regarding distribution of legislative powers by the courts, ‘Principle of Federal Supremacy’ and ‘Harmonious Construction’ have emerged. Explain." Here while reading on the first instance, there are chances of misunderstanding and explaining the distribution of legislative powers but the actual demand of the question is about the "Principle of Federal Supremacy" The difficulty level of questions can be broken up into 3 scales i.e. Easy, Moderate and Difficult. The Difficult questions occupied the highest portion in the paper with 8 questions (4, 6, 7, 10, 16, 17, 19, & 20), the second is occupied by the moderate level with 7 questions (1, 2, 8, 9, 13, 15, & 18), the easy level occupied the last with 5 questions (3, 5, 11, 12, & 14). There were 4 questions on International relations and 16 questions on Indian polity. Q1. Do you think the Constitution of India does not accept the principle of strict separation of powers rather it is based on the principle of ‘checks and balances’? Explain. (10 Marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This is a direct question on Indian government system. Here you need to write about how Indian constitution even though talks about separation of power, has nowhere explicitly mentioned about it but rather has created a system of checks and balances to make sure no organ of state becomes very powerful and all 3 organ overlap/co-ordinate with each other for effective and efficient governance. In introduction, define what you mean by separation of power doctrine. Then in main part, explain how Tasks are assigned to the different branches and their institutions in such a way that each of them can check the exercise of powers by the others. As a result, no one branch or institution can become so powerful as to control the system completely. Also you can mention the other side by providing examples of Article 50, Articles 121 and 211 and Article 361 to explain how separation of powers are part of constitution. IASBABA REFERENCE: How far has the doctrine of separation of powers fared in India’s political system? Illustrate with the help of suitable examples. (C2C/TLP offline 2019 Test-1) Explain the concept of ‘doctrine of separation of powers’. Also examine its significance in a parliamentary democracy. (TLP Phase-1 2019) https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2018/11/day-7-q-1-explain-the-concept-of-doctrine-of-separation-of-powers-also-examine-its-significance-in-a-parliamentary-democracy/ Covered in ILP VAN. Q2. “The Central Administrative Tribunal which was established for redressal of grievances and complaints by or against central government employees nowadays is exercising its powers as an independent judicial authority.” Explain. (10 Marks)  LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question is on Central administrative tribunal which was established under Art 323A of Indian constitution. You need to define in a line or two about what is CAT in Introduction along with the Article and when it was established (1985). Then in Body, explain why it was established and its functions in 1st part, then in 2nd part explain how it has grown as an independent judicial authority over time. End by quoting the recent verdict of Delhi HC on CAT and its powers. Example: You can mention about how CAT rebutted the verdict of Delhi HC on its jurisdiction and asked it to swiftly decide on matters originally pending before the HC. Also, you can mention how CAT had stayed the decision of the government to retire two officers on non-performance issues. Q3. What are the methods used by the farmer’s organizations to influence the policy-makers in India and how effective are these methods? (10 Marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This question is indirectly asking about the role of pressure groups and in particular farmers related pressure groups and how they influence the policymaking in India and how effective are they. In the introduction, define what are pressure groups and their types. Then in the body part, list the methods used by them to influence policymakers. Example: farmer’s protest march in Maharashtra recently, farmer’s destroying their produce over price fall issues across MP etc. Don't forget to bring examples from various decades since independence (Agriculture Revolutions etc.) Also, mention how effective they are in short and long terms. You can mention about Examples of remunerative prices (MSP) and sugarcane (Fair and remunerative prices). Also, you can mention about private bills being pushed in parliament for the same. IASBABA REFERENCE: PepsiCo versus potato growing farmers - https://iasbaba.com/2019/05/daily-current-affairs-ias-upsc-prelims-and-mains-exam-11th-may-2019/ (Daily Current Affairs Analysis-11th May 2019) Q4. From the resolution of contentious issues regarding distribution of legislative powers by the courts, ‘Principle of Federal Supremacy’ and ‘Harmonious Construction’ have emerged. Explain. (10 Marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This is analytical questions which ask you to explain how over the years, through judicial interpretation and judgements, the legislative powers have been devolved and federal supremacy has been upheld and Doctrine of Harmonious construction have evolved. For this question, you need to define what is the doctrine of federal supremacy and Harmonious construction in Introduction. Then in the body you need to bring out how the Principle of federal supremacy was upheld and how Harmonious construction has emerged. Example: you need to mention with examples how some state laws were quashed which were ultra vires or against federal laws [Certain reservation bills of state like The Haryana Backward Classes (Reservation in Services and Admission in Educational Institutions) Bill 2016 and the Haryana Backward Classes Commission Bill 2016,]. Then mention the five principles laid down by the supreme court on the rule of Harmonious Construction in the landmark case of CIT v Hindustan Bulk Carriers. Q5. What can France learn from the Indian Constitution’s approach to secularism? (10 Marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This is a direct question which asks you to compare Indian constitution with French constitution. You are aware that both India and France are constitutional democracy but follow different system of governance especially when it comes to principles of secularism. France follows strict principle of secularism where has Indian secularism is equal respect to all religions. This question has come due to various protests in France in form of ban on Islamic dress like Burqa, veil, then raise in islamophobia, ban on halal meat, few years back Charlie Hebdo issue etc. Your answer should contain all these examples and how France can learn from Indian secularism where multi-religions co-exist peacefully and how accommodating our constitution is in form of Fundamental rights 25-28, Education (Gurukul system, Christian convent, Islamic education), Subsidies for Pilgrimages (Haj, Amarnath) etc. IASBABA REFERENCE: Do you find any contradictions in the prevalent notion, understanding and practice of secularism in India? Critically comment. (TLP phase-2 2019) Q6. Despite Consistent experience of high growth, India still goes with the lowest indicators of human development. Examine the issues that make balanced and inclusive development elusive. (10 Marks)   LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This question is asking about India’s declining performance of Human development indicators even though we are experience high growth rate. Here, you can come up with facts related to human development indicators in India - India’s rank in HDI (130) In main part of body, you need to identify those factors which are hindrance to human development and how it is impacting the country. Then in 2nd part of body, you need to explain the issues which make balanced and inclusive development elusive. Then conclude by giving ways to address the issues like for instances, quality education to all, making healthy life a fundamental right, providing opportunity for skill development and employment etc. Issues: Economic inequality, Poverty, Lack of awareness on government initiatives/schemes/welfare programs, etc. Prevalence of customs and traditions which act as hinders to bring about a change, for instance, women's access to quality education (Patriarchy), access to health-related products, ( access to menstrual hygiene related products) etc Facts that can be used in this answer – MMR 130/1L live births, Life expectancy 68.5, IMR 34/100 live births, 73% of the wealth generated in 2017 went to the richest 1% (Oxfam). 21.9% of the population is living below poverty line (2011-12) as per National poverty estimates. IASBABA REFERENCE: How does poverty stifle human development? Can poverty alleviation measures address the problem of stifled human development? Critically examine. (TLP phase-2 2019) https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/07/day-30-q-1-how-does-poverty-stifle-human-development-can-poverty-alleviation-measures-address-the-problem-of-stifled-human-development-critically-examine/ What is Human Development Index (HDI)? Evaluate India’s overall performance with respect to the indicators constitutions the HDI. (TLP Phase-2 2019) https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/07/day-30-q-5-what-is-human-development-index-hdi-evaluate-indias-overall-performance-with-respect-to-the-indicators-constitutions-the-hdi/ Q7. There is a growing divergence in the relationship between poverty and hunger in India. The shrinking of social expenditure by the government is forcing the poor to spend more on non-food essential items squeezing their food-budget – Elucidate. (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: Usually poverty and hunger are related concepts. But here, you should substantiate with examples and data’s to show how there is growing divergence between the two. In second part of question you need to explain with examples about how the government’s expenditure of social sector is decreasing and thus leading to poor spending more on non-food essentials like Health, Medicines etc. For example: Only 3% of GDP is spent on education, 1.4% on Health, and more than 70% health expenditure are out of pocket, 22% of Indians live below poverty line. Also include some positive, do not keep it too much negative. Mention about improvement India has made in halving poverty, reducing malnutrition, child wasting & Stunting among others. IASBABA REFERENCE: Q8. Implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) based projects/programmes usually suffers in terms of certain vital factors. Identify these factors and suggest measures for their effective implementation. (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: This is a direct question on E-governance. Central government has been emphasizing too much on digital India and question on ICT was on expected line but here there is a twist. They have asked about negative sides on ICT. So you need to identify them, factors involved and suggest measures to address them. Also include government programs in areas of ICT like Digital India, Bharat Net, NeGP etc. For example: mention how the government has introduced ICT in PDS and issues with that (Aadhar linking, Biometric issue and how a child had to die due to hunger), Mention about issues with E-literacy, lack of access to speed internet, Privacy, Security related issues etc. Also, give some positive aspects of ICT. For instance, how it saved revenue for exchequer by plugging leakages, weeding out ghost beneficiary, targeted delivery of services etc. IASBABA REFERENCE: How is the government leveraging ICT to deliver its services faster and without leakages? Illustrate with the help of suitable examples. (TLP Phase-II 2019) https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/08/day-46-q-2-how-is-the-government-leveraging-ict-to-deliver-its-services-faster-and-without-leakages-illustrate-with-the-help-of-suitable-examples/ What are the impediments of e-governance in India? How can those be addressed? Discuss. (C2C/TLP offline Test-11) Q9. ‘The time has come for India and Japan to build a strong contemporary relationship, one involving global and strategic partnership that will have a great significance for Asia and the world as a whole.’ Comment. (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: Answer in two parts. Role of diplomacy between India and Japan in global partnership and strategic partnership in Asia. In global partnership: Role of QUAD in countering the aggression of China, Tackle common challenges of terrorism and proliferation, Asia-Africa Growth Corridor or AAGC is an economic cooperation agreement between the governments of India, Japan and multiple African countries  In strategic partnership: nuclear deal, bilateral agreements, investment in north eastern countries, cultural exchange, military ‘exercise malabar’ IASBABA REFERENCE: Indo-Japan relations not only transcend economic boundaries but also entail deep geostrategic convergence. Comment. (C2C/TLP Offline Test-11) The quadrilateral posturing by India, the US, Japan and Australia in the Indo-Pacific is critical to counter the aggression of China in the region. Comment. (TLP Phase-II 2019) Covered in VAN https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/08/day-48-q-4-the-quadrilateral-posturing-by-india-the-us-japan-and-australia-in-the-indo-pacific-is-critical-to-counter-the-aggression-of-china-in-the-region-comment/ Q10. ‘Too little cash, too much politics, leaves UNESCO fighting for life.’ Discuss the statement in the light of US’ withdrawal and its accusation of the cultural body as being ‘anti-Israel bias’. (10 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question is in reference to US pull out from UNESCO due to accusation against the organization for being Anti-Israel. Here you need to explain about UNESCO as a organization in Introduction. Then in body, firstly you need to list out the important functions and roles of UNESCO. Then explain the given quote and link it with issues plaguing the world organization. Then explain the impact of US pull out and future of the institution in the conclusion. Anti-Israel bias: UNESCO criticizing Israel’s occupation of East Jerusalem, then naming ancient Jewish sites as Palestinian heritage sites and granting full membership to Palestine in 2011 among others. Example: UNESCO is the first U.N. agency that has admitted Palestine as a full member, in 2011. As required by law, the U.S. has stopped funding the UNESCO since then. The U.S. withdrawal took effect on December 31, 2018. With US being the largest donor pulling out, its left wanting for funds. With lack of funds and donor, it is at the risk of being closed down and several initiatives like world heritage sites, Education, Cultural promotion will take a hit. IASBABA REFERENCE: US Exits UNESCO: Can UN Bodies Survive US Apathy? Q11. On what grounds a people’s representative can be disqualified under the representation of people act, 1951? Also mention the remedies available to such person against his disqualification. (15 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: It is direct question. Mention on what grounds people’s representative can be disqualified. And mention remedies to protect them from disqualification Grounds: election offences and corrupt practices in the election, dismissal for corruption or disloyalty, failure to lodge account of election expenses, corrupt and malpractices in any type of media. Remedies: exemption from office of profit, opinion of election commission of India IASBABA REFERENCE: Recent developments in Karnataka and Goa legislative assemblies prove that the political problem of defection can’t be addressed by the legal solution of the anti-defection law. Comment. (TLP Phase-II 2019) Polity VAN-ILP https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2019/07/day-26-q-1-recent-developments-in-karnataka-and-goa-legislative-assemblies-prove-that-the-political-problem-of-defection-cant-be-addressed-by-the-legal-solution-of-the-anti-defection-law-c/ Q12. “Parliament’s power to amend the constitution is a limited power and it cannot be enlarged into absolute power”. In the light of this statement explain whether parliament under article 368 of the constitution can destroy the Basic structure of the constitution by expanding its amending power? (15 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The answer can begin with the explanation for the need to amend the Constitution – to make it relevant to changing times. It can cite the example of recent GST. Parliament has been vested with amending power so as to make Constitution a living and dynamic document. The answer can then give historical examples where Parliament using this power has tried to amend Constitution which led to dilution of Fundamental rights of Citizens (25th and 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act) thus threatening the basic principles of Constitutional Democracy. The answer can then explain about SC judgement on Parliament’s power to amend constitution in Kesavananda Bharati Case which gave the doctrine of Basic Structure. The answer can also elaborate on some of these basic structures – Independent Judiciary leading to striking down of NJAC. Therefore, along with strict procedures laid out in Article 368 for amending Constitution, Parliament is restricted its power to amend Constitution so that the soul of Constitution as envisaged by founding father of India remains intact. Important Judgements that can be used: Minerva Mill v. Union of India (1980): the validity of 42nd amendment Act was challenged on the ground that they are destructive of the ‘basic structure’ of the Constitution. The Supreme Court by majority by 4 to 1 majority struck down clauses (4) and (5) of the article 368 inserted by 42nd Amendment, on the ground that these clauses destroyed the essential feature of the basic structure of the constitution. Chandra Kumar v. Union of India (1997): The judgment held that every provision of the Constitution was open to amendment provided the basic foundation or structure of the Constitution was not damaged or destroyed. IASBABA REFERENCE: Does in your opinion the basic structure doctrine undermine parliamentary sovereignty? Critically examine. (TLP Phase-I 2019) https://tlp.iasbaba.com/2018/11/day-2-q-1-does-in-your-opinion-the-basic-structure-doctrine-undermine-parliamentary-sovereignty-critically-examine/ Q13. “The reservation of seats for women in the institution of local self-government has had a limited impact on the patriarchal character of the Indian political process”. Comment. (15 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The answer needs to provide both positive impacts as well as negatives of women reservation in India at the local governance level. The answer can start by mentioning the significance of local self-government (Democratic decentralisation, transparency & accountability) and the landmark 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts which provided for Constitutional status to these institutions. The second part of the answer can elaborate on need for reservation of seats for women in these institutions – Women are considered as largest minority, political process was confined largely to voting during elections and that too was dictated by male members of family. Through such affirmative actions, Women are empowered politically so that theirs concerns are given importance at grass root level. Due to these measures their bargaining power has not only increased in public sphere but also increased in private sphere due to enhanced socio-political awareness among women. This enhanced awareness has led to fighting Patriarchy both at home and at public places. Other reasons - Khap Panchayats, they play a major role in restricting the empowerment of women and curtail their freedom. The low literacy level of women, lack of social encouragement due to societal norms, etc. The answer should also elaborate on the phenomena of Pati Sarpanch- where women representatives are proxies and real power is still exercised by their male counterparts. The domination of male members in these local institution coupled with inadequate capabilities of women (administrative and educational) has led to continuance of Patriarchy. The answer can conclude by citing examples of certain states who have increased the reservation for women up to 50% and rising demand for reservation of seats for women at State and Union legislatures. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP VAN and Mock Q14. “The Attorney-General is the chief legal adviser and lawyer of the Government of India.” Discuss (15 Marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question is a direct one which needs to elaborate the role and duties of Attorney-General of India. The answer can start by mentioning about Article 76 of Constitution which has provided for the office of the Attorney General for India. The answer can elaborate on the appointment and terms of the office of Attorney-General of India and can then expand on the duties performed. Conclude the answer by highlighting the need for such office (Government is the biggest litigant in Indian courts). Examples: AG acted as legal adviser and lawyer of Government of India: Need to link social media profiles of registered users with their Aadhaar numbers—Attorney General appeared for Tamilnadu Government in SC The Supreme Court has fixed a deadline for the search committee on Lokpal to recommend a panel of names for appointment of the country’s first anti-graft ombudsman.—- Attorney General appeared for Centre. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP VAN and Mock Q15. Individual parliamentarian’s role as the national lawmaker is on a decline, which in turn, has adversely impacted the quality of debates and their outcome. Discuss. (15 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question needs to mention the role of MLA’s, who play a significant role in law making process of the country. The reason for the decline of quality of debates and consequences of such trend. Parliament is considered as temple of Democracy where elected representatives arrive at decision regarding governance after debates & deliberations. It is considered as the highest platform for holding the executive accountable for their actions. The answer can then mention the reasons for its decline – Tyranny of Political Parties through instruments of Whip and Anti-defection law curbing the voice of individual lawmakers, live telecasting of Parliamentary proceeding incentivizing sensationalization of issues often neglecting meaningful discussions, use of obstructionist strategy by opposition to target ruling party, criminalization of Politics, reduction in number of sitting days of legislature and politicization of office of Speaker. The impact is decline in credibility of the institution and thus its role in holding executive accountable for their policies & actions. This has led to poorly drafted legislations and authoritarian tendencies of executive. The answer can conclude by suggesting reforms to rectify the situation – increase the number of days of Parliamentary sittings, restrict anti-defection law only to no-confidence motions, reforms in Office of Speaker etc. as suggested in ARC 2. IASBABA REFERENCE: A similar question was asked in ILP Mock- The centre has a lot of dead weight in terms of ministries that are either nonfunctional or have delicate roles. Do you agree? Substantiate. How can this be addressed? Suggest Q16. ‘In the context of the neo-liberal paradigm of developmental planning, multi-level planning is expected to make operations cost-effective and remove many implementation blockages’- Discuss (15 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: Here, you need to explain how in the era of neo-liberal paradigm, multi-level planning has brought inefficiency in governance and made the implementation process smooth. In introduction mention the change in developmental planning in the context of the neo-liberal era. Then in body, explain what is multi-level planning, then explain how multi-level planning is going to make operations cost-effective and remove implementation blockages. Multi-level planning is expected to reduce regional disparities and bring more equity in development since the chief factor behind persistent regional imbalances has been diagnosed as the unstudied application of the macro plan at micro levels without necessary modifications/detailing by the local development planners to address the particular requirements of an area/target group. Examples: Mention how expertise (subject/sector-specific) are involved in planning there by a detailed plan along with identification of bottlenecks in done and a solution is given mention how with the involvement of bottom level workers, ground-level difficulties/hindrances are taken into account. How there is going to be proper linkages between all stakeholders thereby proper flow of command and communication etc. How in the neo-liberal phase, planning is done giving importance to local cultures and geography. Example – resource-based mobilization, job creation as we see in Punjab (wool based), West Bengal and Assam (Tea based). Q17. The need for cooperation among various service sectors has been an inherent component of development discourse. Partnership bridges the gap among the sectors. It also sets in motion a culture of ‘collaboration’ and ‘team spirit’. In the light of statements above examine India’s development process. (15 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: Initially mention the significance of cooperation in service sectors, which plays an important role in a country’s development. Later examine the present scenario of co-operation in India’s service sector and conclude with suggestions in overcoming the gap among various sectors. Example: Co-operation among Education, skill development, Health sector holds significance in India’s context. India has a huge demographic dividend and it has to be leveraged fruitfully over the next few decades. The potential of our youth has to be realized through education, skill development, elimination of gender bias, employment and good health. So the three sectors need to work in tandem to leverage the benefit of demographic dividend. Co-operation among tourism, transport, hospitality. All these sectors need to work in co-operation which will not only generate revenue for the government but also create many employment opportunities to the people. Q18. Performance of welfare schemes that are implemented for vulnerable sections is not so effective due to the absence of their awareness and active involvement at all stages of policy process. Discuss (15 marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The crux of the question is on low effectiveness of the welfare schemes for vulnerable sections because of lack of awareness of the schemes and participation of the vulnerable section in all the 3 stages of policy process- policy formulation, implementation, evaluation. You can come up with case studies here. Example: Case 1: How central government’s minimum support price failed marginal farmers-In 2018-19, just 12% of the 33 million farmers who were growing wheat availed of the government’s minimum support price (MSP), or the price at which it promises to buy 25 crops from farmers, regardless of their prevailing market price. The rest were sold in mandis, whose access was usually controlled by middlemen and where market prices are often below government MSPs. This is a case of lack of awareness among the farmers and also price is not fixed based on the consultation with the farmers(vulnerable section) Case 2: The Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Scheme (BBBPS) is a flagship programme run by the central government to ensure the survival, protection and education of the girl child. The programme has failed in few districts because of  lack of policy implementation, diversion of funds and the failure of monitoring mechanisms. This is a case where stakeholders are not involved in policy monitoring process. This data is for your reference: Haryana has 20 districts that are in the gender-critical district list. As per the guidelines, Rs 5 lakh were to be provided to each district for implementing the scheme. The diversion of funds has been noted in various districts of Haryana. For example, in Panipat out of the Rs 5 lakh received by the district, three were spent on the preparation of a ‘Theme Gate’ at the town’s entrance to mark the launching of the scheme. The expenditure has been categorised as ‘irregular’ and is equivalent to the diversion of funds. IASBABA REFERENCE: Even though entitlement based poverty alleviation measures address the symptoms of deprivation, they fail to create the enabling milieu needed for sustainability. Elucidate. (TLP plus/OFFLINE Test-7) Q19. “The long sustained image of India as a leader of the oppressed and marginalised nations has disappeared on account of its newfound role in the emerging global order.’ Elaborate (15 Marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question is asking you to elaborate on how the role of India has changed, as a leader of the least developed nations to the new role it has acquired being one of the leaders of the new global order. How modern India prefers to prioritize its own national interests over the collective interests of developing nation. India, has long been hailed as a leader of the oppressed and marginalised nations (least developed nations) Example: Struggle against imperialism, formation NAM, G77. However, post-economic liberalisation (especially in the 21st century) economic prosperity is seen as the key to a county’s attainment of great power status and has been the driving force in India’s current worldview. Example: India has engaged in economic development in Africa, securing oil fields in Central Asia, being Israel’s biggest arms market. Indian no longer discriminates between Israel, Palestine, US, Russia etc. Economic linkages are being seen as a means to promote ‘stability’ as in the case of China (being the largest trading partner with India). Or strategic alignment with US for nuclear cooperation. So now, modern India prefers to prioritize its own national interests over the collective interests of developing nation. Q20. What introduces friction into the ties between India and the United States is that Washington is still unable to find for India a position in its global strategy, which would satisfy India’s national self-esteem and ambitions’. Explain with suitable examples. (15 Marks) LINE OF THOUGHT/APPROACH: The question is pointing to the friction between the US and India because the US is not able to find a place for India in its global strategy/policy. India aspires to be the leader of emerging global order (Ambitions in terms of economic, political), but that does not perfectly fit in US’s strategy which is leading to friction between India and US. Example: India wants to be the leader in the Service sector, with its abundant educated population (English speaking), but now the same is available from south-east Asian countries. And also with the Protectionism measure recently taken by the US, it is not able to satisfy India’s ambitions. India’s relationship with Iran (for its Energy security), makes it difficult for the US to fit India in its scheme of things, as it has a strained relationship with Iran and issued sanctions recently. India’s Make in India policy (to make India self-sufficient and a global manufacturing hub), giving importance to indigenous goods and services had created issues with US-based solar companies which also resulted in trade disputes between India and US. IASBABA REFERENCE: ILP VAN and Mock END NOTE: You can discuss and comment below to have more inputs from fellow aspirants. Paper 3 and 4 will be published soon. TLP Connect 2020: Prelims + Mains+ Interview Mentorship Based Programme (OFFLINE and ONLINE) [embed]https://www.youtube.com/embed/57pdBuBEwCw[/embed] Important timelines in the Video: Initial 10 mins - about IASbaba and Team 13 minutes onwards - Philosophy behind TLP and Details about TLP Connect Mentorship programme 35mins, 30 Sec onwards - Art of Answer Writing 1:14:25 (hr:min:sec) onwards - Live Demo of Answer Writing 1:37:30 onwards - Ethics Strategy 2:19:45 onwards - Right Attitude for UPSC Preparation DOWNLOAD THE PDFS GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 1-2019 GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 2-2019

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UPSC Quiz - 2020 : IAS Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 78

UPSC Quiz - 2020 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 78 Archives Q.1) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Participatory Guarantee Scheme (PGS)’ It is a process of certifying organic products, which ensures that their production takes place in accordance with laid-down quality standards. Individual farmers or group of farmers smaller than five members are not covered under PGS. Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘PACEsetter Fund’ The mission of the PACEsetter Fund is to accelerate the commercialization of innovative off-grid clean energy access solutions by providing early-stage grant funding that would allow businesses to develop and test innovative products, business models and systems. It was constituted by India and the USA in 2015 as a joint fund. Select the correct statements  1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.3) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘GIFCT’ It is established by International Telecommunication Union. It is dedicated to disrupting terrorist abuse of members’ digital platforms. Select the correct statements  1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.4) ‘North Macedonia’ is NOT bordered by Greece Italy Kosovo Albania Q.5) A new Leadership Group for Industry Transition that will drive transformation in hard-to-decarbonize and energy-intensive sectors was announced at the UN Climate Action Summit. Consider the following statements in this regard. It will be supported by the World Economic Forum. It was initiated by the United States of America. Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 To Download the Solution - Click here All the Best  IASbaba

Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 25th September 2019

IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 25th September 2019 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Dadasaheb Phalke  Award Part of: GS Prelims In News The country’s highest film honour, the DadasahebPhalke award, will be presented this year to Amitabh Bachchan The award comes in the year that marks Mr. Bachchan’s golden jubilee in cinema, who made his debut in 1969 DadasahebPhalke (1870–1944), was an Indian film-maker who directed India's first full-length feature film, Raja Harishchandra (1913). He is regarded as "the father of Indian cinema." Dadasaheb Phalke awardis given to people for their "outstanding contribution to the growth and development of Indian cinema". It is presented annually at the National Film Awards ceremony by the Directorate of Film Festivals (an organisation set up by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting). The award prize consists of a golden lotus, a cash prize of ₹10 lakh and a shawl. The award was first presented in 1969. The first recipient of the award was actress Devika Rani, “the first lady of Indian cinema.”  SASTRA Ramanujan prize  Part of: GS Prelims In News The SASTRA Ramanujan prize for 2019 will be awarded to mathematician Adam Harper, Assistant Professor with the University of Warwick, England. The prize was instituted in 2005 and is conferred annually on mathematicians from across the world who are less than 32 years of age, working in an area influenced by the genius Srinivasa Ramanujan. This prize is awarded by SASTRA University on its campus near Kumbakonam in Tamil Nadu, on Ramanujan’s birth anniversary, December 22. The prize carries a citation and an award of $10,000  Previous winners of Ramanuja award, including Manjul Bhargava and AkshayVenkatesh, went on to win the Fields Medal (considered as mathematician's Nobel Prize) The Fields Medal is a prize awarded to 2-4 mathematicians under 40 years of age at the International Congress of the International Mathematical Union (IMU), a meeting that takes place every four years. Gandhi Solar Park Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS-II –International affairs In News PMModi along with others world leaders inaugurated the Gandhi Solar Park at the UN headquarters on the occasion of Gandhi's 150th birth anniversary. The 50 kWh roof-top solar park having 195 solar panels—each representing a member of the multilateral body – was built by India at a cost of US $1 million The leaders also launched a UN postage stamp of Mahatma Gandhi, at the programme 'Relevance of Mahatma Gandhi in the Contemporary World' at the UN headquarters.  Do you know? India is the third largest emitter of greenhouse gases, after China and the US.  Coal power, cattle and paddy are major sources of emission, though per capita emissions (1.8 tonnes of CO2) are roughly a seventh of the US and less than half the world average (4.2 tonnes of CO2) India has pledged for a 33-35% reduction in emission intensity (emissions associated with each unit of economic output) by 2030, compared to 2005 levels. India has set the target of installing 175 GW of renewable energy by the year 2022, which includes 100 GW from solar, 60 from wind and the rest from small hydro, etc. UMMID Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS-II - Health In News In India’s urban areas, congenital malformations and genetic disorders are the third most common cause of mortality in newborns. Union government has launched UMMID (Unique Methods of Management and treatment of Inherited Disorders) initiative to tackle inherited genetic diseases of newborn babies.  The initiative aims at creating awareness about genetic disorders amongst clinicians and establish molecular diagnostics in hospitals so that the benefits of developments in medical genetics could reach patients UMMID initiative involves  to establish NIDAN((National Inherited Diseases Administration) Kendras to provide counselling, prenatal testing and diagnosis, management, and multidisciplinary care in Government Hospitals  to produce skilled clinicians in Human Genetics, and  to undertake screening of pregnant women and new born babies for inherited genetic diseases in hospitals at aspirational districts. The program implemented (by Department of Biotechnology) at government hospitals will benefit people who cannot afford expensive care for genetic disorders  (MAINS FOCUS) INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS TOPIC: General Studies 2: India and its neighbourhood- relations. Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests US- TALIBAN PEACE TALKS Image :https://geopoliticalfutures.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/WG_Afghanistan-talks-2019.jpg Context: US President Donald Trump recently said that the talks with the Taliban aimed at ending the 18-year war in Afghanistan are "dead". Background: The Taliban refer to themselves as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (IEA), are a Sunni Islamic fundamentalist political movement and military organization in Afghanistan currently waging war (an insurgency, or jihad) within that country. From 1996 to 2001, the Taliban held power over roughly three quarters of Afghanistan, and enforced there a strict interpretation of Sharia, or Islamic law. It held control of most of the country until being overthrown after the American-led invasion of Afghanistan in December 2001 following the September 11 attacks. The Taliban have been condemned internationally for the harsh enforcement of their interpretation of Islamic Sharia law, which has resulted in the brutal treatment of many Afghans, especially women. According to the United Nations, the Taliban and their allies were responsible for 76% of Afghan civilian casualties The Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence and military are widely alleged by the international community and the Afghan government to have provided support to the Taliban Implications after the talk ended: The Taliban has started carrying out major attacks with the American troops fighting back. Mr. Ghani has a chance to continue as President without having to share power with the Taliban(Which would have happened if the deal were successful ) The Ghani government will  be pleased with the fact that U.S. troops are likely to continue in the country, for if left alone the government will not survive long. Even with a properly negotiated deal, the ascent of the Taliban in Afghanistan would have meant a certain amount of regional uncertainty and geopolitical recalibration. Now that there is no deal between the Taliban and the U.S., there is likely to be more violence internally within Afghanistan while the external implications would be more or less contained. What it meant for India: Pakistan, has been counting on the return of the Taliban in Afghanistan which it deeply believes gives it strategic depth vis-à-vis India. A non-negotiated withdrawal of U.S. forces would be the worst-case scenario for India .It will enhance Pakistan’s ability to control elements of the Taliban for tactical or strategic anti-Indian uses. Once the Taliban returns to power in Afghanistan, on its own or as part of a power-sharing arrangement, Indian civilian assets and interests in Afghanistan could come under increased pressure. Kashmir in many ways will continue to be at the centre of how the emerging geopolitical situation in Afghanistan will impact India.(1980s unemployed Afghan fighters turned up in Kashmir at the behest of the Pakistani agencies) The breakdown of the Trump-Taliban talks is advantage India since the negotiation would have led to negative consequences for India. Did you know: “If a superpower like the U.S. can be pushed out of Afghanistan by the Taliban with help from Pakistan, would it be too difficult to beat India?” is the argument doing the rounds among sections of aggrieved Kashmiri youth. Way forward: The U.S. and the international community, while picking up the threads of negotiations in the days ahead, will need to ensure that there are enough guarantees built into a deal to disincentivise undesirable external behaviour by the Taliban. India, on its part, needs to reach out to the Taliban, not to recognise it but to engage with it, in its own national interest. such an outreach will need to be carefully calibrated and discreetly executed without making the incumbent govt unhappy.  Conclusion: It is perhaps for the best that the U.S.-Taliban talks were called off . It  would have led to a slew of significant geopolitical changes with implications for the region and beyond. Connecting the dots: What implications does the cancellation of U.S.-Afghan talks have for the volatile South Asian region in general and for India in particular? AGRICULTURE TOPIC:General Studies 3: Major crops cropping patterns in various parts of the country, different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) Context: National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, based on a brainstorming session that included industry representatives, sent a letter to Prime Minister Narendra Modi opposing Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF). (one of the Agroecosystem) Agroecology: Agroecology is the study of ecological processes applied to agricultural production systems. Agroecologists study a variety of agroecosystems recognised worldwide. The field of agroecology is not associated with any one particular method of farming. However, it has much more in common with organic and integrated farming Agroecology impacts: enhances fertile landscapes,  increases yields,  restores soil health and biodiversity,  promotes climate resilience and  Improves farmers’ well-being.  Its practices are supported by many agricultural scientists, the Food and Agriculture Organization, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), farmers’ groups and several NGOs Img : https://croplife.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/CropLife-PSP-Infographic_1_v2.png Did you know: ZBNF, developed and publicised by agro-scientist Subhash Palekar, has been adopted by Andhra Pradesh. Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) is a set of farming methods, and also a grassroots peasant movement, which has spread to various states in India. It has attained wide success in southern India. Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) is a farming practice that believes in natural growth of crops without adding any fertilizers and pesticides or any other foriegn elements.  The word Zero Budget refers to the zero net cost of production of all crops (inter crops, border crops, multi crops).  The inputs used for seed treatments and other inocluations are locally available in the form of cowdung and cow urine. A ZBNF practicisng farmer has lower cost of inputs and thus has better capacity to increase the incomes. At the same time, ZBNF crops helps in retaining soil fertiliting and is climate change resilient. Image : https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/img/70463084/Master.jpg Agroecology as a substantial threat to the Powerful lobbies’ influence on farming systems . Why? Farming in India and across the world is largely under the control of powerful lobbies with vested interests and connections to deep pockets. These include fossil fuel, fertilizer and seed companies as well as scientists with funding connections to agribusiness We in India  presently have a subsidy-based agricultural system where farm inputs are firmly in the hands of corporations and their elite networks. large-scale transitions to agroecology will be  a substantial threat to their influence on farming system For instance:   In Britain, when public hearings were held in the early 2000s to discuss genetically modified (GM) crops, corporations threatened to pull grants from scientists on the committees if they voted against GM When individual scientists in Europe and the University of California published articles describing how GM foods and crops affected the health of human beings and insects adversely, they were personally attacked and vilified The current battle on ZBNF is between those powerfully entrenched and new voices of state and civil society. Did you know: As a result of industrial farming, friendly insects are no longer part of the agricultural landscape, water pollution is rampant, depleted soils are commonplace and plunging groundwater tables have become the norm. Conclusion: Agroecology-based farming is not regressive, but rather a technology of the future with a traditional idiom. If policymakers ignore the posturing and stay focussed on improving soil health and quality of life for farmers, while observing and supporting successes, farmers may even double their incomes and India’s food security could sow new beginnings. (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note:  Featured Comments and comments Up-voted by IASbaba are the “correct answers”. IASbaba App users – Team IASbaba will provide correct answers in comment section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1)UMMID initiative is being implemented by which Union Ministry? Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Ministry of Minority affairs Ministry of Science & Technology None of the above Q.2)Consider the following statements Dadasaheb Phalke award is given to people for their outstanding contribution to the growth and development of Indian cinema. The award first presented in 1951 is presented annually at the National Film Awards ceremony by the Directorate of Film Festivals  Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.3)Consider the following statements India is the third largest emitter of greenhouse gases, after China and the US.  India’s per capita emission is double that of World’s average India has pledged for a 33-35% reduction in emission intensity by 2030, compared to 2005 levels Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1,2 and 3 Q.4)Consider the following statements about Shastra Ramanuja Prize The prize was instituted in 2005 and is conferred annually on mathematicians from across the world who are less than 32 years of age,working in an area influenced by the genius Srinivasa Ramanujan. This prize is awarded by Indian Statistical Institute on Ramanujan’s birth anniversary, December 22. Previous winners of Ramanuja award, including Manjul Bhargava and AkshayVenkatesh, went on to win the Fields Medal Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only 2and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1,2 and 3 MUST READ Balakot Redux: On Bipin Rawat's revelation of terrorist camp  The Hindu Making the grand Indian PSB mergers work The Hindu Bank mergers don’t address crux of crisis Indian Express Market participation via innovative product pricing is needed Live Mint Oneness fixation: The idea of an all-encompassing smart card is outdated and unworkable TOI

Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 24th September 2019

IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 24th September 2019 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) CENSUS 2021 Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II - Society In News The decennial census exercise will be undertaken in 2021 and, for the first time, move from paper to digital format. The 2011 Census pegged India’s population at 1.21 billion—a 17.6% rise from that of 2001. Union Home Minister suggested (no formal proposal) one card for all utilities in future where by Aadhaar, passport, bank account, and driving licence are brought under one platform. ₹12,000 crore would be spent on census and preparation of the National Population Register (NPR). The NPR exercise is different from the census and is not linked to the National Register of Citizens (NRC).  For the purpose of the NPR, an ordinary resident is defined as a person who has resided in a local area for the past six months or more or a person who intends to reside in that area for the next six months or more. The NPR links biometric and demographic details of any ordinary resident, thus making it a comprehensive database of residents. A Census helps us plan our social welfare and entitlement schemes better", through NPR India would have a “multipurpose identity document that will have all details like Aadhaar and PAN card". PM-JAY  Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS-II - Health In News Ayushman Bharat-Pradhan Mantri Jan ArogyaYojana (PM-JAY) has completed one year and has recorded 46.4 lakh hospital treatments worth ₹7,500 crore  60% of the amountunder the scheme is being spent on tertiary care. PM-JAY is the flagship scheme of the government with an aim to bring quality healthcare to around 50 crore poor and vulnerable Indians.  The scheme gives annual healthcare benefits of up to ₹5 lakh for every entitled family. The scheme has resulted in saving of over ₹12,000 crore to the beneficiary families.  Currently, 32 States and Union Territories are implementing the scheme and more than 10 crore beneficiary cards have been issued. PM-JAY aims to ensure improved healthcare delivery, through a combination of government hospitals and strategic purchasing of services from private hospitals, in health care deficit areas Social stock exchanges Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS-II- Economy In News SEBI has constituted a working group on Social Stock Exchanges (SSE) under the chairmanship of Ishaat Hussain. The working group shall examine and make recommendations with respect to possible structures and mechanisms, within the securities market domain, to facilitate the raising of funds by social enterprises and voluntary organizations In 2019-20 Union Budget, Finance Minister had proposed a social stock exchangewithin the ambit of SEBI, for social enterprises and voluntary organisations working for social welfare to help them raise capital through debt, equity and mutual fund. A social stock exchange, broadly, is understood as a platform that allows investors to buy shares in a social enterprise that has been vetted by the exchange.  In London, similar type of platform acts more as a directory connecting social enterprises with potential investors. While in Canada the SVX is an online platform where even retail investors can invest in funds or companies with social impact. ISAPTI IRADA Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS-II - Economy In News ChintanShivirwas organized by Ministry of Steel on the theme -Towards a Vibrant, Efficient and Globally Competitive Indian Steel sector. The purpose of the event was to bring all stakeholders together to deliberate on a roadmap for making Indian Steel Sector more vibrant, efficient and globally competitive. The Ministry urged industry to work towards zero exports of natural resources and  focus on value addition. During the event, new logo of Steel Ministry “ISPATI IRADA” was launched The “ISAPTI IRADA” campaign aims to increase appropriate usage of steel in the country and bring more strength to society. Participatory Guarantee Scheme (PGS)  Part of: GS Prelims and Main GS-III – Food processing In News PGS is a process of certifying organic products, which ensures that their production takes place in accordance with laid-down quality standards. The certification is in the form of a documented logo or a voluntary statement. PGS is a “quality assurance initiative that is locally relevant, emphasize the participation of stakeholders, including producers and consumers, and (which) operateoutside the framework of third-party certification”. Four pillars of PGS :The government’s 2015 PGS manual underlines that the system in India is based on “participatory approach, a shared vision, transparency and trust”. The advantages of PGS over third-party certification Procedures are simple, documents are basic, and farmers understand the local language used. Because peer appraisers live in the same village, they have better access to surveillance; peer appraisal instead of third-party inspections also reduces costs Mutual recognition and support between regional PGS groups ensures better networking for processing and marketing. Unlike the grower group certification system, PGS offers every farmer individual certificates, and the farmer is free to market his own produce independent of the group. The limitations of PGS are: Individual farmers or group of farmers smaller than five members are not covered under PGS. They either have to opt for third party certification or join the existing PGS local group. PGS ensures traceability until the product is in the custody of the PGS group, which makes PGS ideal for local direct sales and direct trade between producers and consumers. (MAINS FOCUS) ECONOMY TOPIC: General Studies 3: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment. Inclusive growth and issues arising from it. 10 public sector banks to be merged into four Context Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman  announced consolidation of public sector banks: 10 public sector banks to be merged into four.  Under the scheme of amalgamation, Indian Bank will be merged with Allahabad Bank (anchor bank - Indian Bank); PNB, OBC and United Bank to be merged (PNB will be the anchor bank); Union Bank of India, Andhra Bank and Corporation Bank to be merged (anchor bank - Union Bank of India); and Canara Bank and Syndicate Bank to be merged (anchor bank - Canara Bank).  In place of 27 public sector banks in 2017, now there will be 12 public sector banks after the latest round of consolidation of PSU banks. Benefits of Merger The consolidation of PSBs helps in strengthening its presence globally, nationally and regionally. Gives capital but also give good governance. It has the potential to reduce operational costs due to the presence of shared overlapping networks. And this enhanced operational efficiency will reduce the lending costs of the banks. All merged banks in a particular bucket share common Core Banking Solutions (CBS) platform synergizing them technologically. Core Banking Solutions (CBS) can be defined as a solution that enables banks to offer a multitude of customer-centric services on a 24x7 basis from a single location, supporting retail as well as corporate banking activities.(UPSC prelims ) Larger banks have a better ability to raise resources from the market rather than relying on State exchequer. The loan tracking mechanism in PSU banks is being improved for the benefit of customers. Monitoring would become easier for the government. The burden on the central government to recapitalize the public sector banks again and again will come down substantially. Criticism: The potential benefits would take several years to show up and, meanwhile, the turbulence in the banks could take a toll on the real economy. The merger move demonstrates once again the lackadaisical approach of policy planners in implementing sensible banking reforms in Public Sector Banks (PSBs), first mooted by the Narasimham Committee Narasimham committee had cautioned against merging weak banks, the government has ended doing precisely that. The consolidation should have been a gradual and calibrated exercise resulting in a smaller number of well-capitalised and professionally managed PSBs with a sound governance structure.. Ex: SBI had managed the ABs over the years with its own senior team, and all associates had already been functioning on common technology platform A key concern about merging the ten PSBs into four in one stroke is a lack of clear articulation of the rationale behind bringing disparate and weak banks together, some of whom were still under the Reserve Bank of India’s Prompt Corrective Action (PCA). Merger announcements generally trigger confusion, anxiety and insecurity in staff, leading to a slowdown in business. The post-merger scale economies that large international banks seek to achieve with ruthless measures are not feasible in India. Did you know: Prompt Corrective Action or PCA is a framework under which banks with weak financial metrics are put under watch by the RBI. The PCA framework deems banks as risky if they slip below certain norms on three parameters — capital ratios, asset quality and profitability. What should have been done? reverse the decline in the PSBs’ Return on Equity (RoE) after investing considerable sums in bringing them on a common technology platform introducing better risk management measures.  The merged entities should become agile and capable of meeting the challenges in retail and mass market segments from private players and open banking sources. Measures to smoothen the mergers:  it needs to be ensured that there is no leadership vacuum in the anchor banks. The technical skills needed for integration planning, transforming business support functions and value build-up have to be cultivated. culturally integrate the expanded workforce through sustained training initiatives. The practice over the years of shuffling senior executives from one PSB to another has done more harm than good.(which must be stopped) Recruit professionals from the market in key areas of technology, HR and risk management, in all of which PSBs are grossly under-equipped. A buoyant exercise of recruitment and training is vital. the government should actively plan steps to offset a possible slow expansion in bank credit in the near term. Non-Banking Financial Institutions (NBFCs), which have a better understanding of the market needs, need to be tapped to ensure better credit flow the government should resolve the tangles in the ownership of the merging PSBs in insurance, asset management and other ventures. the government should consider converting a few ‘weak’ PSBs outside the merger into regional banks.(one of the recommendation of narasimham committee) Committees: Narasimham committee (1991 and 1998) suggested merger of strong banks both in public sector and even with the developmental financial institutions and NBFCs.  Khan committee in 1997 stressed the need for harmonization of roles of commercial banks and the financial institutions. Conclusion:. While such consolidation can result in handsome productivity gains, what matters is the quality of execution by a stable and committed leadership, aided by a shrewd and benign ownership. Mergers should be carried out with right banks for the right reasons since the bad loan problem has plunged many public sector banks in an unprecedented crisis. Connecting the dots: Along with merger the focus should be on adequate reforms in governance and management of these banks. TECHNOLOGY TOPIC: General Studies 3: Awareness in the fields of IT Right to Internet access as a fundamental right Context: In Faheema Shirin v. State of Kerala, the Kerala High Court declared the right to Internet access as a fundamental right forming a part of the right to privacy and the right to education under Article 21 of the Constitution This  judgment acknowledges the role of the right to access Internet in accessing other fundamental rights Digital literacy: Digital literacy refers to the wide range of skills, which are necessary to emerge successful and adapt to the digital world.  skill set which is essential for access and gaining information. Factors leading to digital inequality: In recent times, several government and private sector services have become digital. Some of them are only available online social and economic backwardness is exacerbated due to information poverty, lack of infrastructure, and lack of digital literacy in mid-2016, digital literacy in India was less than 10% in the absence of Internet access and digital literacy enabling that access, there will be further exclusion of large parts of the population Importance  of digital literacy: We are moving to a global economy where knowledge of digital processes will transform the way in which people work, collaborate, consume information, and entertain themselves. Offering services online has cost and efficiency benefits for the government and also allows citizens to bypass lower-level government bureaucracy. Digital literacy allows people to access information and services, collaborate, and navigate socio-cultural networks. Recognising the right to internet access and digital literacy will also make it easier to demand accountability from the state, as well as encourage the legislature and the executive to take a more proactive role in furthering this right. Measures taken by govt: The Bharat Net programme, aiming to have an optical fibre network in all gram panchayats, is to act as the infrastructural backbone for having Internet access all across the country. The Digital Saksharta Abhiyan (DISHA) or National Digital Literacy Mission (NDLM) Scheme has been formulated to impart IT training . Criticism: Moving governance and service delivery online without the requisite progress in Internet access and digital literacy also does not make economic sense Ex: Common Service Centres, which operate in rural and remote locations, are physical facilities which help in delivering digital government services and informing communities about government initiatives. a large chunk of citizens cannot access these services since lack of resources. The Bharat Net project has consistently missed all its deadlines while the costs involved have doubled. the National Digital Literacy Mission has barely touched 1.67% of the population and has been struggling for funds. Conclusion: Internet access and digital literacy are dependent on each other, and creation of digital infrastructure must go hand in hand with the creation of digital skills. It is important to recognise the right to Internet access and digital literacy to alleviate this situation, and allow citizens increased access to information, services, and the creation of better livelihood opportunities. Connecting the dots: We are living in an ‘information society’. Unequal access to the Internet creates and reproduces socio-economic exclusions. Justify (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note:  Featured Comments and comments Up-voted by IASbaba are the “correct answers”. IASbaba App users – Team IASbaba will provide correct answers in comment section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1) The decennial census exercise will be carried out by which body/Ministry? Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, Union Home Ministry National Sample Survey Office Prime Minister’s Office None of the above Q.2)Participatory Guarantee Scheme often seen in news is related to which of the following?  Credit guarantee given by Confederation of Indian Industries(CII) for exports/imports Self Help Groups and their access to loans by Commercial banks Certification of organic products without involving third-party None of the above Q.3)“ISAPTI IRADA” campaign is being implemented by which Union Minstry? Ministry of Labour Ministry of Steel Ministry of Skill development and Entrepreneurship None of the above Q.4)Consider the following statements about Pradhan Mantri Jan AarogyaYojana  (PM-JAY) PM-JAY is the world’s largest government funded healthcare program,with an aim to bring quality healthcare to around 50 crore poor and vulnerable Indians.  The scheme gives annual healthcare benefits of up to ₹5lakh for every entitled family per year, for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization. PMJAY will provide cashless and paperless access to services for the beneficiary at the point of service. Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only 2and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1,2 and 3 MUST READ Texan outreach: On 'Howdy Modi' event in Houston The Hindu Credibility deficit: On Collegium's recommendation on Justice Kureshi The Hindu Climate justice through judicial diktat The Hindu Modi govt sends up the monetary helicopters Live Mint

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz - 2020 : IAS Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 77

UPSC Quiz - 2020 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 77 Archives Q.1) The recently announced 'Tiger Triumph', tri-service military exercise will be held between India and  USA France Japan Israel Q.2) ‘Shondol dance’ was in news recently. It is associated  Rayalaseema Marathwada Ladakh Saurashtra Q.3) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Naropa Festival’ It takes places every 12 years. It celebrates the life of Jain philosopher and scholar Naropa. Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.4) Which of the following statements is/are correct? Drukpa is a branch of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism. Hemis Monastery is a Himalayan Buddhist monastery of the Drukpa Lineage. Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.5) The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) is constituted under the< Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999 Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 To Download the Solution - Click here All the Best  IASbaba

AIR

All India Radio (AIR) IAS UPSC - National Register of Citizens

National register of Citizens ARCHIVES Search 31st August, 2019 Spotlight News Analysis here: http://www.newsonair.com/Main_Audio_Bulletins_Search.aspx  TOPIC: General Studies 2: Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation In news: In the run-up to the publication of the final National Register of Citizens (NRC) in Assam, citizenship has become the most talked about topic in the country. The Assam government has been taking various steps in relation to those who will be left out of the NRC, while the Supreme Court last week rejected a plea to include those born in India between after March 24, 1971 and before July 1, 1987 unless they had ancestral links to India. In any other Indian state, they would have been citizens by birth, but the law is different for Assam. The final list of Assam’s National Register of Citizens (NRC) excluded names of over 19 lakh applicants. A total of 3.30 crore applicants had applied to be included in the NRC. How does one prove citizenship? In Assam, one of the basic criteria was that the names of applicant's family members should either be in the first NRC prepared in 1951 or in the electoral rolls up to March 24, 1971.  Other than that, applicants also had the option to present documents such as refugee registration certificate, birth certificate, LIC policy, land and tenancy records, citizenship certificate, passport, government issued licence or certificate, bank/post office accounts, permanent residential certificate, government employment certificate, educational certificate and court records. Why is it called an “updated” NRC? Witness to decades of migration from Bangladesh — formerly East Bengal and then East Pakistan — Assam already has an NRC, which was published in 1951 on the basis of that year’s Census. The only state with such a document, Assam is currently updating it to identify its citizens. The update, mandated and monitored by the Supreme Court, is a fallout of the Assam Accord of 1985, which sets March 24, 1971 as the cutoff date for citizenship. Those who entered Assam before that date are recognised as citizens. But was there not an updated NRC last year itself? That was a draft, published in July 2018. In that list, 2.89 crore residents were included as Indian citizens, while 40 lakh were left out. After that, those who were left out were allowed to file claims for inclusion. Meanwhile, citizens had the option of filing objections against anyone who they felt was wrongly included. Earlier this year, NRC authorities put out an additional exclusion list, with 1 lakh individuals, who had originally been included in the NRC draft but were later found eligible. Saturday’s NRC is the result of all those included an excluded. Does this mean that the 19 lakh are illegal migrants? Not necessarily. They still have the option of appealing. They can approach, within a deadline, a Foreigners Tribunal with a certified copy of the rejection order from the NRC, along with the grounds for appeal. In addition to the 100 existing Foreigners Tribunals, 200 more will be functional soon, state government officials said. If the applicant loses their case before such a Tribunal, he or she can appeal in the High Court, and then the Supreme Court if necessary. Someone who is not only excluded from the final NRC but also loses his or her case in a Foreigners Tribunal, however, faces possible arrest, and the prospect of being sent to a detention centre. How do those excluded back up their claims for inclusion? They will need to prove that they or their ancestors were citizens on or before March 24, 1971. This is the cutoff date in the Assam Accord of 1985, agreed upon by the Centre, the state and the All Assam Students’ Union, at the end of a six-year movement against migration from Bangladesh. Surviving citizens from the 1951 NRC are automatically eligible for inclusion in the updated version. So are descendants of the survivors and of the deceased — provided that they can prove their lineage. Linkage to the 1951 NRC is, however, not compulsory. Going by the cutoff under the Assam Accord, anyone who figured in electoral rolls up to March 24, 1971, or who are descendants of such citizens, are eligible for inclusion in the updated NRC. Various other documents are admissible — such as birth certificates and land records — as long as these were issued before the cut-off date. Wouldn’t those rejected have already submitted such papers? Since the NRC includes only those who could establish their linkage to March 24, 1971 or earlier, it would suggest that the excluded 19 lakh submitted papers that were not enough to establish this linkage. Those who were rejected on the basis of submitted papers will face an additional concern, for they could face rejection again if they submit the same papers a second time. They face the task of finding documents other than those that were rejected. If even legal recourse fails for those excluded, will they be deported? Although the Assam movement was for deportation, Bangladesh has never officially acknowledged that any of its citizens migrated illegally to Assam. The state also has six detention camps (with plants to build more) for illegal migrants within existing jails, and proposes to build a seventh with a capacity for 3,000. These cannot, however, be expected to accommodate all the exclusions, which could finally run into lakhs. If not deported or detained in a camp, how would life change for the finally excluded individuals? They would officially be non-citizens, but what happens to them remains a grey area. India has no fixed policy for “stateless” persons, Home Ministry sources said. The only aspect that is more or less clear is that a “stateless” person will not have voting rights. As of now, nothing is clear about their rights to work, housing and government healthcare and education. There have been suggestions in Assam that they be given work permits — Home Ministry sources said that this may come under consideration — but certain sections have been opposing this idea, too. But aren’t there policies for refugees? Being “stateless” is not the same as being a refugee. India has refugees from Tibet, Sri Lanka (Tamils) and West Pakistan. Among them, only the last group has the right to vote — in Lok Sabha elections but not in Assembly polls. For Tibetans, the government allows Indian citizenship with a rider that they move out of Tibetan settlements and forgo refugee benefits. Under the Tibetan Rehabilitation Policy, 2014, adopted in part by a few states, refugees are eligible for certain benefits under government schemes for labour, rations, housing and loans. What are detention centres? These are for persons declared “illegal foreigners”. As of now, there are six detention camps in Assam, housed in existing jails. State government officials said there are plans to build 10 more detention centres and a detailed project report is being sent to the Centre. The six existing centres together hold around 1,000 persons. Declared “illegal foreigners” by the Foreigners Tribunals, many of them claim to be Indians. India has no treaty with Bangladesh that would have facilitated their deportation. Since 2013, Assam has deported 166 persons (162 “convicted” and four “declared”) including 147 to Bangladesh, according to government data until February 2019. In case of those declared foreigners in Assam, the question widely being asked is whether deportation can be possible unless Bangladesh accepts them as migrants from there. About NRC: It is the register containing names of Indian Citizens. It was prepared first in 1951 after the conduct of the Census of 1951. It is used to identify who is a bona fide Indian citizen and those who fail to enlist in the register will be deemed illegal migrants. Background Pre-independence: Assam’s demographic changes date back to the introduction of the plantation economy by the colonial state in the 19th century. The colonial state brought in tribal labourers from Chota Nagpur and Bihar to work the plantations and encouraged the migration of Muslim farmers from Bengal. Post-independence: Migrations continued after Independence even as Partition solidified national identities. The ethnic, cultural and religious dimensions of the situation demanded sensitive and imaginative solutions from the political class. In 1970s, All Assam Students’ Union spearheaded a massive drive, popularly known as the Assam Agitation calling for the detection, deletion and deportation of illegal Bangladeshi migrants. In 2013, the Supreme Court finally ordered to complete the exercise by December 31, 2017, leading to the present updating of NRC in Assam. Benefits of NRC: Detection of illegal immigrants, inclusion will be a shield against harassment and a ticket to enjoying all the constitutional rights and safeguards and the benefits of government schemes. To safeguard the indigenous population and civilization. Illegal activities like terrorism, human trafficking, drug trafficking can be checked. To safeguard Voting rights and properties such as land and house. Controversies related to the National Register of Citizens (NRC): Laborious process: Adding a person to NRC is complex procedure because of presenting many documents and layers of verification. Document verification: “Family tree verification” has become difficult process for left out children. Rejection of certificate: More than 40 lakh people are rejected for panchayath residency certificates. Citizenship related: Failed to ensure legal clarity over the manner in which the claims of citizenship could be decided. Role of Supreme Court: lack of monitoring process, inability to comprehend political and policy actions in case of loss of citizenship. Huge population: Given the size of India’s population, implementation of the NRC will be a mammoth task and demands a detailed analysis. Connecting the dots: Assam has excluded four million people from its National Register of Citizens (NRC). Now, it doesn’t know what to do with them. Comment. Modern nations are products of migrations and cultural diffusion and all the richer for it. NRC process doesn’t seem alive to this reality. Discuss. Political parties must stop feasting on the complexities of Assam’s demography. Examine.

RSTV Video

RSTV IAS UPSC – India-ASEAN FTA

India-ASEAN FTA Archives TOPIC: General Studies 2 Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests In News: India and the 10-member ASEAN have agreed to initiate a review of the bilateral free trade agreement (FTA) in goods to make it “more user-friendly, simple and trade facilitative”. India is not happy about the fact that its trade deficit with ASEAN has widened significantly since the pact was implemented in January 2010.  The Situation Link: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/foreign-trade/india-asean-agree-to-review-decade-old-free-trade-pact/articleshow/71067042.cms  A NITI Aayog study reveals that India’s trade deficit with ASEAN doubled to $10 billion in 2017 from $5 billion in 2011.  A review of the India-ASEAN FTA could help improve utilisation in India by making the pact simpler and more user-friendly.  Policymakers hold the view that FTAs have adversely impacted India’s manufacturing, which the government is trying to boost through its Make in India initiative in order to generate jobs. Liberalisation under the India-Asean FTA covers 75% of the two-way trade. India kept around 10% of tariff lines in exclusion. These included motor vehicles, textiles, petroleum products, sugar, wheat, vegetable oil dairy products and other food products. However, Thailand, Philippines, Myanmar, Brunei and Vietnam kept a higher number of tariff lines under exclusion. Moreover, the surge in goods imports into India is accentuated by instances of non-adherence to origin norms and lack of full cooperation in investigating and addressing such breaches. In contrast, the utilisation of preferential tariffs by India under the India-Asean FTA is below 30% because of standards, regulatory measures and other non-tariff barriers in the region. Ships, boats, floating structures, mineral fuels, mineral oils and meat are India’s largest exports to the grouping while telecom equipment, electrical machinery, mineral fuels, mineral oils and animal or vegetable fats and oils are the biggest imports. The challenge is not merely tariff barriers, but also non-tariff barriers applied by most member countries including China. Market access has become more challenging than tariffs itself, even among member countries. India has the lowest non-tariff barriers in the region and China the highest. RCEP comprises a quarter of global gross domestic product, 30% of global trade, 26% of foreign direct investment flows, and 45% of the world's population. The Decision In the joint statement, the Ministers welcomed the recommendations of the ASEAN-India Business Council to further promote the potential of bilateral trade through the utilisation of the ASEAN-India FTA as well as cooperation in some areas of mutual interest, such as financial technology, connectivity, start-ups and innovation, empowerment of youth, and women and MSME development. India has also pushed to include the Automatic Trigger Safeguard Mechanism or ATSM. This will automatically increase levies once imports cross a given threshold. This is in addition to reviewing the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with ASEAN and other members. The review will help bring back manufacturing and it will also go a long way towards Make in India, helping our agriculture and bring more manufacturing and jobs to India The review would definitely help in creating a more equitable trade agreement that would help in the revival of these sectors Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)  It is a proposed free trade agreement (FTA) between ASEAN and its six FTA partners – China, Japan, India, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand. RCEP negotiation was formally launched in 2012, whose member states together account for 3.4 billion people and approximately 40% of world’s GDP. Members of Indian Industry are resisting RCEP due to following concerns: Flooding of the market with Chinese goods impacting domestic manufacturers Lack of access to Indian services in the RCEP countries (Services is India’s strong area and has huge potential to tap into RCEP market) Ten member states of ASEAN are Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam Must Read: Link 1  Connecting the Dots: What are India’s interests in the ASEAN? Examine the measures taken by the government to strengthen Indo-ASEAN cooperation.  

Important Articles

Feedback and Video: Delhi’s Workshop – TLP Connect/Plus Mentorship Programme 2020 and Art of Answer Writing!

Feedback and Video: Delhi’s Workshop TLP Connect/Plus Mentorship Programme 2020 and Art of Answer Writing! [embed]https://www.youtube.com/embed/57pdBuBEwCw[/embed] Important timelines in the Video: Initial 10 mins - about IASbaba and Team 13 minutes onwards - Philosophy behind TLP and Details about TLP Connect Mentorship programme 35mins, 30 Sec onwards - Art of Answer Writing 1:14:25 (hr:min:sec) onwards - Live Demo of Answer Writing 1:37:30 onwards - Ethics Strategy 2:19:45 onwards - Right Attitude for UPSC Preparation Dear Friends, Though we have held many workshops since we started off in 2015, this workshop (@ Delhi) is one of the most memorable one for us.  It was the first workshop held in Delhi since the brick and motor footprints of IASbaba was made in the lanes of Old Rajendra Nagar on 15th June, 2019. The Workshop was held last weekend, Sunday (15th September, 2019). The theme of the workshop was about TLP Connect/Plus programme - Mentorship Programme of IASbaba, Art of Answer Writing, Ethics Strategy and Right Attitude for UPSC preparation. Your support really made our visit a special one. We are out of words and had never imagined such an outstanding support. We extend our heartiest thanks to everyone who came against all odds especially people from outside Delhi. Since it was a 3 hour workshop, we couldn’t deliver many stuffs due to time constraint. We made sure that, we stayed back till 8 pm and tried to interact with most of you personally. We apologize in any case we were not able to give you enough time. Your patience, attentiveness and interest deserves an applause. We promise you that there is a lot in store for you with the upcoming TLP Connect/Plus programme 2020, a Integrated (Prelims + Mains) Mentorship Programme of IASbaba that will kick start from 12th October, 2019 We @ Iasbaba will always make sure that we come up with initiatives to guide you better and play some positive role in your success. Again thank you all for making our Delhi workshop a huge success. P.S: Your feedback and encouragement is the real value add for us. Kindly share your views, learning and experiences from the Workshop, so that others can have a glimpse of it. For Complete Details of TLP Connect/Plus (Mentorship) programme 2020 -> CLICK HERE Thank You IASbaba