Oct 31, 2019 AIR

All India Radio (AIR) IAS UPSC - Apache Helicopters and Strengthening of Indian Air Force

Apache Helicopters and Strengthening of Indian Air Force ARCHIVES Search 4th September 2019: http://www.newsonair.com/Main_Audio_Bulletins_Search.aspx    TOPIC: General Studies 3 Defence Inclusive Growth In News: The battle-proven Apache attack helicopter was inducted into the Indian Air Force, boosting its capabilities for conducting cross-border hits on terrorist launch pads and improving its strike packages with fighter jets. By 2020, the IAF will operate a fleet of 22 Apaches. Eight Apache AH-64E (I) helicopters were inducted into the IAF at the Pathankot front line air base which is located near the India-Pakistan border. This new 125 Squadron is called the ‘Gladiators’. IAF had signed a contract with US Government and M/s Boeing Ltd in Sep 2015 for 22 Apache helicopters.  Selected aircrew and ground crew have undergone training at the training facilities at US Army base Fort Rucker, Alabama. These personnel will lead the operationalisation of the Apache fleet in the IAF. Next Step The Apaches will be used in war games and real time exercises in the next six to eight months. Officials explained that while the Apache’s pilots and crew, who have been trained in the US, understand the basics of the helicopter, including operating it, an exercise will give a greater insight into how it can be used tactically and in different missions. It will be also seen how well the Apaches operate in high-altitude areas, especially valleys, given that it has better maneuverability and is lighter than the Mi-35 attack helicopter it is replacing. What does this mean for India? The Apache is seen as the first attack helicopter in India’s defence arsenal. India has been operating the Russian origin Mi 35 for years and the Apaches are set to replace the Russian-made choppers that are now on the verge of being taken out of service. The Mi-35 was seen as an assault chopper designed to carry troops into heavily defended territories. The two pilot Apache on the other hand is seen as a dedicated attack chopper, which according to defence analysts, will be a “game changer" in the tactical battle scenario. The addition of AH-64 E (I) helicopter is a significant step towards modernisation of Indian Air Force’s helicopter fleet. This procurement will enhance the capability of IAF in providing integrated combat aviation cover to the army strike corps. The helicopter has been customized to suit IAF’s future requirements and would have significant capability in mountainous terrain. The helicopter has the capability to carry out precision attacks at standoff ranges and operate in hostile airspace with threats from ground.  The ability of these helicopters, to transmit and receive the battlefield picture, to and from the weapon systems through data networking makes it a lethal acquisition. These attack helicopters will provide significant edge in any future joint operations in support of land forces.  The Apaches can be used in different missions- escorting troops and supplies, anti-armour, suppressing enemy air defence and play a battlefield role. With the capability to shoot fire and forget anti-tank guided missiles, air to air missiles, rockets and other ammunitions, the Apache also has modern electronic warfare capabilities to provide versatility to itself in a network centric aerial warfare. The Apache has a variety of weapons, including air to ground Hellfire missiles, 70 mm Hydra rockets and air to air Stinger missiles. This is the first time that the IAF has a helicopter in its inventory which can fire air to air missiles. The Apache also carries a 30 mm chain gun with 1200 rounds, has a nose mounted sensor suite for target acquisition and night vision systems. Its cockpit is bulletproof, making it ideal for use against tanks and armoured vehicles. The helicopter’s front mounted guns can be used to attack terrorist hideouts in difficult mountain terrain. It’s “fire-and-forget" Hellfire missiles can destroy armoured carriers and tanks among enemy ranks and provides crucial protection for moving ground forces and tanks in the battle field. The Apache’s rotor mounted radar can transmit battlefield pictures to Airborne Warning and Controls Systems (Awacs) mounted on other aircraft. The Apache’s forward looking infra-red radar can locate targets through dense foliage thanks to its heat-seeking capabilities that then provides pilots with pictures of the target. The helicopter is capable of flying “further, lower and faster" than other similar machines. Lower means that it cannot be picked up by radar, while literally skimming the earth. The Way Forward There is a need for integrating the multi-role combat choppers with ground forces for better operational capabilities, logistics and training. Any equipment is better held with one particular service for better operations, logistics and maintenance. With two different services, there will be bureaucratic hassles even for training purposes.

Oct 30, 2019 AIR

All India Radio (AIR) IAS UPSC - Surging Global Oil Prices

Surging Global Oil Prices ARCHIVES Search 17th September 2019 Spotlight here: http://www.newsonair.com/Main_Audio_Bulletins_Search.aspx   TOPIC: General Studies 3: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment In news: Global oil prices surged the most on record after a strike on a Saudi Arabian oil facility removed about 5% of global supplies, an attack the US has blamed on Iran.  What happened? State energy producer Saudi Aramco lost about 5.7 million barrels per day of output after 10 unmanned aerial vehicles struck the world’s biggest crude-processing facility in Abqaiq and the kingdom’s second-biggest oil field in Khurais. For oil markets, it’s the single worst sudden disruption ever, surpassing the loss of Kuwaiti and Iraqi petroleum supply in August 1990, when Saddam Hussein invaded his neighbor. It also exceeds the loss of Iranian oil output in 1979 during the Islamic Revolution, according to the International Energy Agency. Impact Brent jumped more than 19% on ICE Futures Europe to $71.95 a barrel, its biggest gain in percentage terms since 1991 Gold, the yen and Treasuries also surged on concern over the geopolitical fallout from the attacks The vulnerability of Saudi infrastructure to attacks, historically seen as a stable source of crude to the market, is a new paradigm the market will need to deal with. Saudi Arabia is the world’s biggest oil exporter and, with its comparatively large spare capacity, has been the supplier of last resort for decades. Saudi Arabia can restart a significant volume of the halted oil production within days, but needs weeks to restore full output capacity. The kingdom -- or its customers -- may use stockpiles to keep oil supplies flowing in the short term. “No matter whether it takes Saudi Arabia five days or a lot longer to get oil back into production, there is but one rational takeaway from this weekend’s drone attacks on the Kingdom’s infrastructure -- that infrastructure is highly vulnerable to attack, and the market has been persistently mis-pricing oil," Citigroup Inc.’s Ed Morse wrote in a research note. Concern for India The surge in oil prices comes at a time when the Narendra Modi government is trying to boost the economy after GDP growth slumped to the slowest in more than six years. An increase in inflation stoked by higher fuel prices will also leave less space for RBI to cut interest rates to combat the slowdown. [caption id="attachment_51987" align="aligncenter" width="406"] All India Radio (AIR) IAS UPSC - Surging Global Oil Prices[/caption] a. Since India imports a large quantity of oil from Saudi Arabia, a spike in the rates could derail India's path to economic recovery amid growth slowdown. India imports almost 80 per cent of its oil requirements. Saudi Arabia is India's second-largest oil supplier of crude and cooking gas. Data from the oil ministry's Petroleum Planning and Analysis (PPAC) shows that India's dependence on oil has increased gradually since 2017. In 2018-19, India's oil consumption increased to 211.6 million tonnes. A 10 per cent rise in global crude prices will widen India's current account deficit by 0.4-0.5 per cent of the GDP. Every dollar move in the Brent Crude prices adds around $2 billion to India's oil import bill.  In case of an extended disruption, the two comparable events are the Iranian Revolution of 1979 and Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait in 1990. India suffered in both cases. In the case of the Gulf War, there was added impact of Indian workers returning home, worsening India’s balance of payments b. Volatility in global crude oil prices during a period of weak demand could further weaken investor sentiments. c. An inflated import bill could further widen the current account deficit, which has widened to $57.2 billion, or 2.1% of GDP, in 2018-19 from 1.8% a year ago. d. A spike in crude oil price could also make chemicals used in production of plastics, tyres, paints and a host of other items costlier. Considering petrochemicals have wide applications, this could accelerate inflation. Higher fuel prices could affect energy-intensive manufacturing industries.  A spike in jet fuel could put pressure on the margins of airlines, which have recently gained from a surge in airfares after bankrupt Jet Airways (India) Ltd suspended operations in April. e. While refiners are expected to benefit from inventory gains in the short term due to higher crude prices, a sustained rise would lead to an increase in the working capital borrowings and interest expense of refining firms. Besides, the gain in crude prices would lead to an increase in under-recoveries on cooking gas and kerosene, delays in the reimbursement of which by the government, as had happened in FY19, will also lead to higher working capital borrowings. Note: World’s most important oil choke point: The Strait of Hormuz  A strait between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman A third of the world’s liquefied natural gas and almost 25% of total global oil consumption passes through the strait, making it a highly important strategic location for international trade.  The oil producing countries around the Gulf, including Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Iran, are crucial for supplying the world oil market. Most of their exports, about 18 million barrels a day or about 20% of world demand, travelS through the Strait of Hormuz. [caption id="attachment_51986" align="aligncenter" width="380"] All India Radio (AIR) IAS UPSC - Surging Global Oil Prices[/caption] Connecting the Dots: What are the factors influencing the pricing of oil? Discuss.

Oct 30, 2019 PIB

Press Information Bureau (PIB) IAS UPSC – 23rd October to 27th October – 2019

Press Information Bureau (PIB) IAS UPSC – 23rd to 27th October, 2019 ARCHIVES GS-2 Cabinet approves  Proposed Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between India and St. Vincent & the Grenadines on cooperation in the field of Traditional Systems of Medicine It will lead to promotion and propagation of Traditional Systems of Medicine in St. Vincent & the Grenadines.  Activities mentioned in the MoU will boost the importance of AYUSH Systems of Medicine in St. Vincent & the Grenadines.  As a consequence of the MoU, exchange of experts for training of the practitioners and Scientists undertaking collaborative research in Traditional Systems of Medicine are expected to lead to new innovations in drug development and practice of Traditional Medicine. Proposal for Agreement on Science and Technology Cooperation between India and the United States of America Agreement will open a new chapter in bilateral relations as both sides will leverage complementary strengths spurred by a significant convergence of mutual interests in science and technology. The Agreement would provide an opportunity to promote ‘high quality’ and ‘high impact’ research and innovation partnerships as well as broadening and expanding relationships between the extensive scientific and technological communities. MoU between India and Kuwait in the field of accounting, finance and audit knowledge base ICAI has a strong membership base of over 6000 members in the Middle East region and the contemplated MoU for providing assistance to KAAA, Kuwait shall benefit the ICAI members in the region and would provide an additional impetus to the prospects of the ICAI Members. The aim of the MoU is to work together to develop a mutually beneficial relationship for the best interest of ICAI members, students and their organizations. New World Bank Project to Support Climate Resilient Agriculture for 125,000 Small holder Farmers in Odisha (Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests) The Government of India, Government of Odisha and the World Bank signed a US$165 million loan agreement to support smallholder farmers strengthen the resilience of their production systems as well as diversify and improve the marketing of their produce, for increased income. The Odisha Integrated Irrigation Project for Climate Resilient Agriculture  Will be implemented in rural areas vulnerable to droughts and largely dependent on rain-fed agriculture It will benefit about 125,000 smallholder farmer households from 15 districts of Odisha managing 128,000 ha of agricultural land.  The project will strengthen the resilience of smallholder farmers against adverse climate by improving access to resilient seed varieties and production technologies, diversifying towards more climate-resilient crops, and improving access to better water management and irrigation services. The project will Support the rehabilitation of 532 water tanks - expected to irrigate 91,435 ha Promote productivity improvements at the farm level Support farmers to reduce the current emphasis on food grains (especially paddy and wheat) Increase the share of high-value and more nutritious products like fruits and vegetables Provide marketing support to farmers who are able to generate a marketable surplus The project will also support aquaculture in rehabilitated tanks, help farmers access affordable and quality fingerlings, and disseminate improved aquaculture practices and post-harvest management. Why? In recent years, climate variability has seriously affected agriculture in Odisha, where farming is largely dominated by farmers with landholdings of less than two hectares. More and more agricultural areas are coming under the ambit of extreme weather events. Since 2009, the frequency of droughts in the state has increased from 1 in 5 years to 1 in 2 years. Today, about 70 percent of total cultivated area is prone to droughts compared to 40 percent in the 1970s. In fact, since 2013, floods are now devastating areas beyond the traditional flood zone. Drier areas are projected to become drier, while wetter areas will become wetter. Agriculture is also a major source of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in Odisha, responsible for about 25 percent of the GHG emissions in the state. Kais Saied sworn-in as President of Tunisia (Topic: India and its neighbourhood) Kais Saied has been sworn in as Tunisia's new president. The 61-year-old law professor has no prior political experience, never held office and barely ran a campaign. Saied sealed a resounding victory in a runoff election on October 13, largely buoyed by a groundswell of support from young voters. Expectations Must strengthen the protection of human rights in the country Urgently put an end to abuses in the name of security, including the abusive use of emergency measures – Since November 2015, Tunisia’s authorities have used a 1978 presidential decree to impose a continuous state of emergency. The decree, which grants the executive branch sweeping powers to suspend the right to freedom of expression, assembly, association and movement has been repeatedly used to impose emergency measures in an often arbitrary, discriminatory and disproportionate manner, leading to a range of human rights violations. This decree has also been criticized for being overly vague, as it lacks judicial and constitutional oversight, and for the fact it can be renewed indefinitely. Commit to implementation of the recommendations of the transitional justice commission, elect the remaining members of the constitutional court and maintain the moratorium on the death penalty – Although no executions have been carried out in Tunisia since 1991, courts continue to hand out death sentences, particularly in counter-terrorism cases. Tunisia: Key Details A country in the Maghreb region of North Africa Tunisia's name is derived from its capital city, Tunis, which is located on its northeast coast. Its northernmost point, Cape Angela, is the northernmost point on the African continent.  Geographically, Tunisia contains the eastern end of the Atlas Mountains, and the northern reaches of the Sahara desert. It is bordered by  Algeria to the west and southwest Libya to the southeast The Mediterranean Sea to the north and east GS-3 First National Protocol to Enumerate Snow Leopard Population in India Launched (Topic: Conservation) Snow Leopard enumeration of the Nation, which is the first of its kind, has been developed by scientific experts in association with the Snow Leopard States/UTs namely, Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunanchal Pradesh Will contribute to global ‘Population Assessment of the World’s Snow Leopard’s (PAWS) initiative Snow Leopard is found in 12 countries: India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Mongolia, Russia, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. 23rd October: International Snow Leopard Day Project Snow Leopard is an initiative which aims to safeguard and conserve India’s unique natural heritage of high altitude wildlife populations and their habitats by promoting conservation via participatory policies and actions. Why:  Threatened by poaching for their fur - body parts used for traditional Chinese medicine Habitat destruction by infrastructure developments and climate change Hostility from communities because of its attacks on livestock No clear knowledge about its population health, in remote habitat in the alpine zones of the Himalayas and trans-Himalayas. Status: Listed in Schedule I under Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 Appendix I of Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species (CITES) Appendix I Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) In September 2017, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) had downgraded conservation status of snow leopard to “vulnerable” from “endangered”.  National Heritage Animal of Pakistan and Afghanistan State animal of Himachal Pradesh Inhabits alpine and subalpine zones at elevations from 3,000 to 4,500 m (9,800 to 14,800 ft) It is vital that the momentum of conservation should not be lost merely on account of the technicality. The existing conservation must be strengthened by enlarging protected areas in all the range countries. Studies on the leopard’s vulnerability have to be intensified. The task of monitoring its entire habitat of high mountains must speeded up. The reasons for hunting livestock must be dound out to insulate the owners from losses. They should be encouraged to move away from traditional pastoral grazing. Incompatible activities such as mining and human interference in their habitats should be kept out. Note:  India’s success in tiger population - with 2967 tigers i.e. 77 per cent of world’s tiger population residing in the country, wherein 26000 cameras were used to enumerate the near exact number. India is also home to 500 plus lions, 30000 plus elephants, 2500 plus single-horned rhinos. SECURE Himalaya: Global Environment Facility (GEF)-United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) funded the project on conservation of high altitude biodiversity and reducing the dependency of local communities on the natural ecosystem. This project is now operational in four snow leopard range states, namely, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Sikkim. Prelims Oriented News 25th October: Ayurveda day India ranks 63rd in World Bank’s Doing Business Report India improves rank by 14 positions; India has improved its rank in 7 out of 10 indicators and has moved closer to international best practices (Distance to Frontier score).Significant improvements have been registered in ‘Resolving Insolvency’, 'Dealing with Construction Permits', ‘Registering Property’, ‘Trading across Boards’ and ‘Paying Taxes’ indicators. India's leap of14 ranks in the Ease of Doing Business ranking is significant considering that there has been continuous improvement since 2015 and for the third consecutive year India is amongst the top 10 improvers. As a result of continued efforts by the Government, India has improved its rank by 79positions in last five years [2014-19]. The Doing Business assessment provides objective measures of business regulations and their enforcement across 190 economies on ten parameters affecting a business through its life cycle. The DBR ranks countries on the basis of Distance to Frontier (DTF), a score that shows the gap of an economy to the global best practice. This year, India’s DTF score improved to 71.0 from 67.23 in the previous year. DHRUV, Pradhan Mantri Innovative Learning Programme: Seeks to enrich skills and knowledge of talented children Under the DHRUV programme, talented students from science and performing arts from schools across India are brought together and mentored by experts to enhance their knowledge and skills.  IIT Delhi in association with Atal Innovation Mission, NITI Aayog, NCERT, Sangeet Natak Academy, SPIC-MACAY and Center for Cultural Resources and Training, Delhi are involved in honing the innovative and creative skills of the students. Launch of Spatial Planning Application ‘Gram Manchitra’: A Geo Spatial based decision support system for the panchayats. The panchayats can utilize this App to plan, develop and monitor developmental activities on real time basis. India signs the Kartarpur Sahib Corridor Agreement with Pakistan: The Agreement is intended to facilitate pilgrims to visit Gurudwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur through Kartarpur Sahib Corridor The main issue that has been a point of discussion is the insistence of Pakistan to levy US Dollars 20 as service charge per pilgrim per visit. India has consistently urged Pakistan to not levy any fee on the pilgrims. However, in the interest of the pilgrims and timely operationalization of the Kartarpur Sahib Corridor before the 550th Prakash Purb, India has agreed to sign the Agreement today. While the Agreement has been signed, Government of India continues to urge this issue with the Government of Pakistan to reconsider its insistence on levying the fee. India remains ready to amend the Agreement accordingly. India continues to pursue the issue of all-weather connectivity through the corridor. In this context, Government of India has built the bridge on Indian side and a temporary service road as an interim arrangement. It is expected that Pakistan will fulfil the assurance that it would build the bridge on their side at the earliest. National Corporate Social Responsibility Awards (NCSRA): The Awards have been instituted in 2017 subsequent to the recommendations of the High Level Committee on CSR. Objectives: a) Increase competition in various categories of companies to infuse excellence in their CSR activities b) Encourage companies to spend the entire amount i.e. eligible CSR spend c) Recognise the impact, innovation, usage of technology, gender and environment issues, sustainability, scalability and replicability of CSR activities. d) Channelize CSR activities of corporate so that the benefits of their activities reach the marginalised sections of society and in remote areas of the country Quotes The Vice President Shri M Venkaiah Naidu  India needs a scientific renaissance and cultural revitalization as both science and culture were essential for any civilization to flourish.   Theatre and art should be part of our school curriculum. Stressing the need to create the right conditions in schools, colleges and Universities for the spirit of excellence and innovation to thrive, Shri Naidu said that greater emphasis should be laid on quality education. Observing that education should be holistic and propel children to move from narrow confines of competition to the limitless world of collaboration, he pointed out that the world we live in today is facing challenges from poverty to climate change. Collective synergy and creative energy of our youngsters are needed to overcome these formidable obstacles. Indian diaspora plays a crucial part in India’s aspiration to be an inclusive, equitable and prosperous nation Indian ‘Diaspora’ forms the 4th ‘D’ in the quartet of ‘D’s that was propelling India forward, the first three being Democracy, Demand and Demographic Dividend.

Oct 30, 2019 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 30th October 2019

IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 30th October 2019 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Kudankulam Power Plant Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains III - Energy In News Hours after a cybersecurity expert claimed on Twitter that the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant’s (KKNPP) domain controller-level access could have been compromised, government has categorically denied it Cyberattack on the unit was not possible as its systems were all standalone and forms an isolated network.  Kudankulam and other Indian nuclear power plants, control systems were not connected to an outside cyber network and Internet Government revealed that a cybersecurity audit was conducted recently after a futile attempt to hack the NPCIL’s isolated network was made. When an Iranian nuclear power plant came under suspected cyberattack in 2012 (Stuxnet virus), Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd. (NPCIL) took all precautionary measures though it had already put in place an isolated network Anti-Trust Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains III - Economy In News The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has ordered a detailed investigation into online travel booking companies Make My Trip and Goibibo and hospitality provider OYO This order is based on complaints by members of the Federation of Hotel and Restaurant Associations of India (FHRAI) alleging deep-discounting, payment issues and cheating by these firms. CCI said there was a prima-facie case to investigate MMT-Go and OYO for alleged violation of the provisions of Section 3(4) of the Competition Act — pertaining to anti-competitive pacts and Section 4 of the Act (relating to abuse of dominant position). Competition commission of India (CCI) A statutory body established under the provisions of The Competition Act, 2002. It consists of  a Chairperson and 6 Members appointed by the Central Government. Its mandate is implement provisions of The Competition Act, 2002 which – prohibits anti-competitive agreements and abuse of dominant position by enterprises regulates mergers and acquisition (M&A) which can have an adverse effect on competition within India. Flood risk Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains III –Disaster Management In News New study has shown that in India, 36 million people would face annual flooding by 2050 and 44 million by 2100 if emissions continue to rise unabated. Nearly 21 million are expected to be living below the High Tide Line, the boundary that marks the farthest to which the sea reaches into the land at high tide. Globally nearly 110 million people live on land below the current high tide lines and 250 million on land below annual flood levels Current climate studies say that climate change has caused global mean sea level to rise by 11-16 cm in the 20th century and is expected to by as much as 2 m by the end of this century. As the tideline rises higher than the ground people call home, nations will increasingly confront questions about whether, how much, and how long coastal defences can protect them [caption id="attachment_51973" align="aligncenter" width="300"] Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 30th October 2019[/caption] https://d39gegkjaqduz9.cloudfront.net/TH/2019/10/30/CNI/Chennai/TH/5_07/ffdce3b2_3288051_101_mr.jpg Government to work on relief package for Telecom sector Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains III - Economy In News The government has constituted a Committee of Secretaries (CoS), headed by Cabinet Secretary to work out a relief package for the telecom sector. This may help mitigate the impact of the more than ₹1.4 lakh crore that the telcos may need to pay the exchequer following a recent Supreme Court order. The Supreme Court upheld the government’s position on including revenue from non-telecommunication businesses in calculating the annual adjusted gross revenue (AGR) of telecom companies, a share of which is paid as licence and spectrum fee to the exchequer.  Following the order, the telcos may have to pay the government ₹1.42 lakh crore within three months. CoS will review various demands made by the industry, including deferment of spectrum auction payment due for the next two years, reduction in spectrum usage charges and the Universal Service Obligation Fund levy. Stress in Telecom Sector The industry’s debt currently stands at about ₹4 lakh crore The gross revenue of the industry had fallen between 2017-18 and 2018-19, the source said the price of data for the customer at an average of ₹8 per GB is perhaps the lowest in the world. The average revenue per user per month has declined from ₹174 in 2014-15 to ₹113 in 2018-19. Bharti Airtel’s liability stands at about ₹42,000 crore while Vodafone Idea may have to shell out about ₹40,000 crore Modern Humans came from Botswana Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains I - History In News Modern humans emerged 2,00,000 years ago in a region of northern Botswana, scientists have found.  While it has long been known that modern humans — Homo sapiens — originated in Africa, scientists have until now been unable to pinpoint the precise location of our species’ birthplace.  A team analysed DNA samples from 200 Khoesan people to arrive at the conclusion. [caption id="attachment_51972" align="aligncenter" width="446"] Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 30th October 2019[/caption] https://www.sciencemag.org/sites/default/files/styles/inline__699w__no_aspect/public/homeland-map_1280p.jpg?itok=pOgvW40e Bhaona Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains I- Culture In News Assamese Bhaona to make an English debut in Abu Dhabi Bhaona — a mythology-based theatrical performance - a 500-year old traditional Assamese art form propagated by Vaishnavite saint and reformer Sankardeva. It is for the first time that Bhaona would be presented in English for an international audienceto popularise the Vaishnava theatrical performance for global art connoisseurs, and familiarise them with Assamese culture and traditions Sankardeva needed to connect with his Assamese masses, who did not expect the divine characters of his plays to speak in the common man’s language. So he created the Brajavali, a literary language limited to theatrical usage Do You Know? Sattriya is one of the eight Indian Classical dance traditions. The dance was introduced in 15th Century by a great Vaishnava Saint MahapurushShankardev in Assam. It was primarily a monastery dance and later on evolved as a distinctive dance form and spread across Assam. It has been for centuries, nurtured and preserved with great commitment by the Sattras i.e. Vaishnava maths or monasteries. Because of its religious character and association with the Sattras, this dance style has been aptly named Sattriya. Mountain gorillas  Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains II - Conservation In News Rainforest protection and dedicated veterinarians have helped the mountain gorilla population bounce back in Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda Alarmed by rising rates of poaching and deforestation in central Africa, experts predicted the species could go extinct by 2000. Instead, a concerted and sustained conservation campaign has averted the worst and the number of mountain gorillas – a subspecies of eastern gorillas – has risen from 680 a decade ago to just over 1,000 today Switzerland-based International Union for Conservation of Nature changed the status of mountain gorillas from "critically endangered" to "endangered," an improved if still-fragile designation. It involved “extreme conservation," which has entailed monitoring every single gorilla in the rainforest, periodically giving them veterinary care and funding forest protection by sending money into communities that might otherwise resent not being able to convert the woods into cropland. Do You Know? Gorillas share about 98% of human DNA Gorillas are actually languid primates that eat only plants and insects, and live in fairly stable, extended family groups.  Their strength and chest-thumping displays are generally reserved for contests between male rivals. (MAINS FOCUS) ECONOMY TOPIC: General Studies 3: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment. Inclusive growth and issues arising from it. Randomised control trials (RCT) (Part 2) Context: Three randomistas, Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo and Michael Kremer, were awarded the 2019 Nobel prize in Economics for their ‘randomised control trials’ (RCT)-based studies on poverty worldwide. Development economics has drastically changed during the last two decades , due to the extensive use of ‘randomised control trials’ (RCT). [caption id="attachment_51974" align="aligncenter" width="453"] Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 30th October 2019[/caption] Img :https://www.ebmconsult.com/content/images/Stats/Randomized%20Control%20Trial%20Deisgn.png RCTs Evolution: RCTs can be traced back in the 16th century.  The statistical foundation of RCT was developed by British statistician Sir Ronald Fisher, about 100 years ago In 1995, statisticians Marvin Zelen and Lee-Jen Wei illustrated a clinical trial to evaluate the hypothesis that the antiretroviral therapy AZT reduces the risk of maternal-to-infant HIV transmission. Drawing an inference, despite heterogeneity among the patients, was possible due to randomisation.  RCT got its importance in clinical trials since the 1960s, currently any clinical trials without RCT were being considered almost useless. RCT was not applied to social sciences then . RCTs in Social sciences: RCTs in Social scientists is interesting, doable, and effective. Nature of social science slowly converted from ‘non-experimental’ to ‘experimental’. Many applications of RCTs took place in social policy-making during the 1960-90s, The ‘randomistas’ took control of development economics since the mid-1990s. Nearly 1,000 RCTs were conducted by Noble laureates 2019 and their colleagues in 83 countries such as India, Kenya and Indonesia. Case study: Finland’s Basic Income experiment Finland’s Basic Income experiment (2017-18), where 2,000 unemployed Finns between ages 25-58 were randomly selected across the country, and were paid €560 a month instead of basic unemployment benefits.  Results from the first year data didn’t have any significant effect on the subjects’ employment, in comparison with the control group comprising individuals who were not selected for the experimental group Significance: Randomisation makes different treatment groups comparable and also helps to estimate the error associated in the inference. Unless randomisation is done, most of the standard statistical analyses and inference procedures become meaningless.  Earlier social experiments lacked randomisation and that might be one reason that statisticians such as Sir Ronald Fisher were unwilling to employ statistics in social experiments. Criticisms: In order to conduct RCTs, the broader problem is being sliced into smaller ones, and any dilution of the scientific method leaves the conclusions questionable. Connecting the dots: “RCT or no RCT” may not be just a policy decision to economics; it is the question of shifting the paradigm. justify Also read: Part 1 : https://iasbaba.com/2019/10/daily-current-affairs-ias-upsc-prelims-and-mains-exam-18th-october-2019/#Randomized_controlled_trial ECONOMY TOPIC: General Studies 3: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment. Employment in India Context: Since the results of the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) 2017-18 became public — they showed that unemployment in India was at a 45-year high — there has been vigorous public debate about the true state of unemployment in the country. What fuelled debate? Long delays in the availability of past employment data, even though PLFS tracks employment annually. Highlights of survey:  6.1% of India’s labour force, and 17.8% of young people (15-29 years) in the labour force are unemployed. proportion of the workforce engaged in regular wage/salaried jobs increased by 5 percentage points between 2011-12 (when the last NSSO employment unemployment survey was conducted) and 2017-18. The overall workforce declined by 4 percentage points between 2011-12 and 2017-18). Regular workers increased only by one percentage point to 8% over the same period. India still lags far behind developing economies such as China (53.1%), Brazil (67.7%) and South Africa (84.8%) in the share of salaried or regular jobs. [caption id="attachment_51975" align="aligncenter" width="365"] Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 30th October 2019[/caption] Img :https://images.indianexpress.com/2019/10/jobs1.jpg?w=481&h=497&imflag=true Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM)suggested : Instead of focusing on unemployment, it focuses only on the “employment” data.  It does so by looking at three comparable surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) — the Employment-Unemployment Surveys (EUS) of 2004-05 and 2011-12, and the PLFS of 2017-18. Mapping of Unemployment: The NSSO surveys divide the entire population into three categories.  Category 1 consists of people who were involved in economic activity (or work) during the reference period of the survey. These individuals are labelled as “Employed” — and Category 1 can be subdivided into categories such as self-employed, salaried employees, and casual labourers. Category 2 consists of people who were not engaged in any economic activity during the reference period of the survey, but were looking for work if work was available. These individuals are labelled as “Unemployed”. Category 3 constitutes people who are neither engaged in work nor available for it. This category — labelled as “Not in the labour force” — would have a large number of people, including those who have retired, those studying, those unable to work due to disability, and those attending “only” to domestic duties. Img: https://images.indianexpress.com/2019/10/jobs-2.jpg?w=546&h=572&imflag=true Connecting the dots:  Has the rise of the organised sector led to an increase in contractual employment? Analyse (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note:  Featured Comments and comments Up-voted by IASbaba are the “correct answers”. IASbaba App users – Team IASbaba will provide correct answers in comment section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1)Bhaona, an India performing artis predominant in which region/state of India? Gujarat Ladakh Assam None of the above Q.2)Consider the following statements Gorillas share about 98% of human DNA Gorillas are actually languid primates that eat only plants and insects, and live in fairly stable, extended family groups.  Which of the statements given above are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.3)Consider the following statements about Competition Commission of India (CCI) It is a quasi-judicial body. It is responsible for enforcing Competition Act, 2002 throughout India. It works to protect the interests of consumers. Which of the statements given above are correct? 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2 and 3 Q.4)Consider the following statements about Sattriya Sattriya is one of the eight Indian Classical dance traditions.  The dance was introduced in 15th Century by a great Vaishnava Saint MahapurushShankardev in Ladakh. Which of the statements given above are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.5)Consider the following statements Current climate studies say that climate change has caused global mean sea level to rise by 11-16 cm in the 20th century and is expected to by as much as 2 m by the end of this century. In India, 36 million people would face annual flooding by 2050 and 44 million by 2100 if emissions continue to rise unabated. Which of the statements given above are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 MUST READ Legal pluralism in personal law The Hindu Opening of Kartarpur corridor will show us it is possible to leave behind the past, walk to the future IE We need a timebound mechanism to transition to a clearer land titling system IE Bulk purchase of drugs, not price control ET Raise the limit for deposit insurance ET

Oct 30, 2019 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz - 2020: IAS Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 103

UPSC Quiz - 2020: IAS Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 103 Archives Important Note Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :)  To take the Test - Click Here

Oct 29, 2019 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 29th October 2019

IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 29th October 2019 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Second round of Smart Cities, AMRUT may roll out in 2020 Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains I – Urban Development In News AMRUT, a five-year scheme, started in June 2015. Many of its water and sewage management projects would get completed towards the end of the scheme — June 2020 In AMRUT scheme, there were 500 cities and the criteria was a population of 1,00,000, which gave a coverage of nearly 65% of urban population. The remaining 35% of the urban population will be covered under the AMRUT-2. The Smart Cities Mission covers 100 cities with a total population of 9,96,30,069 with projects worth a ₹2,05,018 crore and is a project designed till 2022 Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) AMRUT adopts a project approach to ensure basic infrastructure services relating to water supply, sewerage, storm water drains, transport and development of green spaces and parks with special provision for meeting the needs of children. Implementation of this mission will be linked to promotion of urban reforms such as e-governance, constitution of professional municipal cadre, devolving funds and functions to urban local bodies, review of building bye-laws, improvement in assessment and collection of municipal taxes, credit rating of urban local bodies, energy and water audit and citizen-centric urban planning in cities other than the 100 smart cities. Under this project, 10% of the budget allocation will be given to states/union territories as incentive based on achievement of reforms during the previous year Smart city Mission Launched on 25 June 2015, Smart Cities Mission’s objective is to strengthen urban infrastructure through application of smart solutions and provide a better quality of life to citizens. This will be implemented through an ‘area based’ approach consisting of retrofitting, redevelopment, pan-city initiatives and development of new cities. Under retrofitting, deficiencies in an identified area will be addressed through necessary interventions. Pan-city components could be interventions like Intelligent Transport Solutionsthat benefits all residents by reducing the commuting time. Smart city aspirants will be selected through a process of competition and with effective citizen participation ending the ‘top down’ approachand leading to ‘people centric’ urban development. IK ONKAR Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains I - Culture In News In a unique gesture to mark 550th birth anniversary of Sri Guru Nanak Dev ji, Air India has depicted Sikh religious symbol 'Ik Onkar' on the tail of one of its aircraft. The national carrier has put the symbol on its Boeing 787 aircraft which will fly on October 31 from Amritsar to Stansted, UK. Ek Onkar means "God is One". The symbol is an emblem of the Sikh religion and is found on Gurdwaras (Sikh temples) around the world. The gesture is unique as the national carrier has never depicted any religious symbol on its planes DOXXING Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains III –Issues related to Cyber In News A court in Hong Kong has issued a temporary order, banning the practice of ‘doxxing’ A common dictionary definition of doxxing (also spelt as ‘doxing’) is to publicly identify or publish private information about someone, especially with the intention of punishing or taking revenge. The intention was to identify and stigmatise, and attempt to force a change in the behaviour of the targeted individual through these intimidatory tactics. While it was employed widely against members of the neo-Nazi white supremacist crowd who seemed open and bold about their racism, its potential for use — and misuse — by a range of people and groups was apparent. In Hong Kong, protesters have been releasing information about police officers and their families, thereby opening them up to targeted violence or harassment and abuse, either physically or online. Doxxing has emerged as one of the major tactics employed by pro-democracy protesters who have been carrying out relentless, sometimes violent, demonstrations that the administration has found impossible to suppress for over four months now. Manipur, Arunachal wants to be kept out of Naga peace deal Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains II – Federalism In News Arunachal Pradesh has echoed Manipur in demanding to be kept out of any “territorial changes” that might be incorporated in the settlement of the Naga political problem. The Central government has been discussing with National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN-IM) as well as a rival conglomerate named Naga National Political Groups for the “final solution” on the peace accord by October 31 NSCN-IM’s vision of Nagalim or Greater Nagaland would entail redrawing of boundaries to bring all Naga-inhabited areas in the Northeast under one administrative umbrella. The NSCN-IM’s map of Nagalim spreads over 1,03,473 sq km beyond the 16,527 sq km area of Nagaland. It includes much of eastern Arunachal. The outfit, as well as rival factions, claim these areas, primarily Changlang, Longding and Tirap districts are dominated by Nagas. Naga Framework Agreement, 2015 On Aug 3, 2015, latest agreement was signed with NSCN (Isak-Muivah)and other Naga armed groups such as NSCN (Khole-Kitovi) with the Union government. (however, NSCN (Khaplang) was excluded) Idea of a pan-Naga Hoho(a proposed statutory body as part of the Framework Agreement) that will enjoy independent executive and budgetary powers to look after the welfare of Naga inhabited areas outside Nagaland was mooted to bring long lasting solution to Naga peace process The biggest breakthrough is that the NSCN (I-M), and other Naga armed groups such as NSCN (Khole-Kitovi) have agreed to give up violence and resolve all issues peacefully. For background on Naga issue refer - https://iasbaba.com/2016/07/iasbabas-daily-current-affairs-6th-july-2016/ Nurture the Future Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains III - Governance In News The Centre’s first-ever common foundation course Aarambh (Beginning) for 2019 batch probationer civil servants has begun at the Statue of Unity in Kevadia, Gujarat Along with training and seminars by experts, the government has also launched a new initiative under which each official will guide a local youth from villages near the Statue of Unity, which is located in a tribal area along the Narmada river. Under the mentorship programme Nurture the Future, close to 500 civil service officials will be divided into teams to visit villages near Kevadia and each official will take a youth under his wing and provide career and professional guidance The initiative will ensure a better and brighter future for the youth living in remote and rural areas. Over the next five years, the initiative is expected to cover nearly one lakh youth throughout the country as part of the foundation course of probationers who have just passed the civil services exam and joined the country’s elite bureaucracy. Weavers will soon sell products directly online Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains III - Economy In News Handloom weavers in Andhra Pradesh are going to get the much-needed impetus as the Department of Handloom and Textiles(H&T) is all set to launch three initiatives that directly connect weavers to customers via popular online and offline garment business platforms. The initiatives are aimed at ending the middlemen system that has been depriving weavers of basic earnings and sustainability, and passing on the benefit from the sale of the product to the weaver Government already tied up with e-commerce site Yes Poho which is selling Uppada and Kalamkari saris. Yes Poho talks to weavers directly and middlemen and even the AP State Handloom Weavers Cooperative Society (APCO) have no role to play here. For sale of saris and fabric through showrooms other than APCO’s stores, the H&T Department is going to tie up with Fab India who will procure the saris from weavers directly and sell them in their stores across the country and abroad. The APCO has also entered into an agreement with e-commerce giants Amazon and Flipkart for sale of 400 types of handloom products like saris, towels and blankets on their platforms. Kyarr Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains I - Geoghraphy In News Supercyclone ‘Kyarr’ in the Arabian Sea has moved westwards and away from India’s coast, Heavy Rainfall to very heavy rainfall very likely in Kerala & Mahe is expected. With raging wind speeds of 220-230 kmph gusting to 250 kmph, the Category-4 Kyarr is thought to be the biggest Arabian Sea storm in at least a decade. Indian Ocean Dipole, a natural climate pattern, has given a boost to tropical cyclones in the western portion of the basin this year. It’s currently in a positive phase, which creates a warm reservoir of water in the Arabian Sea and elsewhere. Cyclones feed off of this warm water, and it generally spurs more areas of thunderstorms that can be spun up into cyclones. It has been a landmark year for cyclones in the North Indian Ocean. In fact, it has been the Indian Ocean’s most energetic cyclone season on record. Thus far, 2019 Accumulated Cyclone Energy, or “ACE,” has hit 53.9 units. ACE is a measure of how much kinetic energy a cyclone is dishing out through its winds.The average year-to-date ACE for the North Indian Ocean is no more than 10 units.the previous seasonal record was 46.1 ACE units in 2007. Two-child policy Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains I - Society In News All India United Democratic Front (AIUDF) – political party in Assam- has opposed the Assam government’s two-child policy for job eligibility In September 2017, the Assam Assembly had passed the 'Population and Women Empowerment Policy of Assam' that specified that job candidates with two children only would be eligible for government employment and the existing government staff were to strictly follow the two children family norm The policy will come into effect from January 1st, 2021 India, Saudi to form strategic council Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains II–International Relations In News India and Saudi Arabia are set to sign an agreement for creating a bilateral strategic partnership council during the official visit of Prime Minister Narendra Modi to Riyadh The council will include multiple sections involving the External Affairs Ministry and NITI Aayog and counterpart organisations from Saudi Arabia. The council will be led by Mr. Modi and King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud. PM Modi’s visit will be used to showcase that Saudi-India ties are determined by long-term strategic considerations like India’s energy security and desire to ensure stability in the Gulf region Kashmir unlikely to get any attention from Saudi rulers as the visit is expected to boost the Crown Prince’s global stature which suffered after Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was brutally killed in the Saudi consulate in Istanbul. PM Modi will deliver address at Future Investment Forum organised by the Sovereign Wealth Fund of Saudi Arabia, the kingdom’s public investment fund The forum is popularly known as the ‘Davos in the Desert’ and has been hosted by Riyadh since 2017 to project the kingdom as the future investment hub in the region. (MAINS FOCUS) INTERNATIONAL TOPIC: General Studies 2 India and its neighbourhood- relations. Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests 18th Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) Summit (Part-2) Context The 18th Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) Summit held in Baku, Azerbaijan between October 25 and October 26, 2019T his will be second time in row PM Modi is missing in NAM summit Earlier skipped the 17th Margarita NAM Summit, 2017 in Venezuela too wherein India was represented by the then Vice-President Mr. Hamid Ansari. This time again the country will be represented by the Vice President of the country Mr. V. Naidu. India and NAM: The term "Non-Alignment" was coined by V K Menon in his speech at UN in 1953 India played an important role in multilateral movements of colonies and newly independent countries that wanted join the Non-Aligned Movement. Non-Aligned movement was the "formula" devised by Nehru and other leaders of the newly independent countries of the third world to "guard" their independence "in face of complex international situation demanding allegiance to either of the two warring superpowers" The  principles of “Panchsheel” serves as the basis of the Non-Aligned Movement. Mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty Mutual non-aggression Mutual non-interference in domestic affairs Equality and mutual benefit Peaceful co-existence Significance:                       NAM Brought India large international prestige among newly independent states India used nonalignment to establish itself as a leader of the newly independent world in multilateral organisations as the United Nations (UN) and the Nonaligned Movement. Crux: The signing of the Treaty of Peace, Friendship, and Cooperation between India and the Soviet Union in 1971 tarnished India’s image as a nonaligned nation India's involvement in the internal affairs of its neighbours in the 1970s and 1980s tarnished India’s image as a nonaligned nation NAM and India in 21st century India continues to practice the policy of non-alignment which allows it to maintain national sovereignty while still receiving economic and military assistance when needed. Non-alignment has propelled India to achieve one of their main strategic objectives: non-dependence. In recent years India has used this policy to its advantage in order to strengthen external partnerships and seek out material needs when necessary, while still ensuring that India as a country is able to pursue its own foreign policy goals. Conclusion: Given the present impasse in international relations with little leeway for game-changing initiatives, India will do well to move away from being a camp follower of one of the emerging poles to create our own fourth pole. Connecting the dots: India must seek nonaligned partnerships which can work together outside the influence of the U.S., China and Russia. Analyse. INTERNAL SECURITY TOPIC: General Studies 3 Linkages between development and spread of extremism. Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security. Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money-laundering and its prevention NAGA Peace talks Context: The deadline set by the Centre for wrapping up the Naga peace talks is on October 31 The Centre’s interlocutor and now Nagaland’s Governor, R N Ravi, has stressed some key issues remain unresolved with the National Socialist Council of Nagalim (Isak-Muivah), or NSCN(I-M). Pic: http://images.newindianexpress.com/uploads/user/imagelibrary/2018/8/3/w900X450/Nagaland_map.jpg Background: The ethnic conflict in Nagaland, is an ongoing conflict fought between the ethnic Nagas and the governments of India and Myanmar. Nagaland inhabited by the Nagas is located at the tri-junction border of India on the West and South, north and Myanmar on the East. "National Socialist Council of Nagaland (Khaplang)", which wants an independent "greater Nagaland" to include territory now in Myanmar, based on ethnicity; and the "Naga National Council (Adino)". The question of "Naga Sovereignty" was put to plebiscite on 16 May 1951. Historian Benjamin Zachariah, ″It was in the north-east of India that the Nehruvian vision took on its most brutal and violent forms.″ The Indian Government conceded a separate Naga state within the Indian Union in 1960 and the state was inaugurated in 1963. Rebel groups have operated in Nagaland : Naga National Council under Angami Zapu Phizo. Naga National Council (Adino) – NNC (Adino): led by the daughter of Naga rebel A.Z. Phizo. National Socialist Council of Nagaland (Isak-Muivah): want to establish a ‘Greater Nagaland’ (‘Nagalim’ or the People’s Republic of Nagaland) based on Mao Tse Tung’s model. National Socialist Council of Nagaland (Khaplang): formed goal is to establish a ‘greater Nagaland’ based on ethnicity, comprising the Naga-dominated areas within India, and contiguous areas in Myanmar. Pic: https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-f72266ce1f485983cd489d1072b5b2e0.webp Current status: In 2015, the Centre signed a framework agreement with the NSCN(I-M). Prime Minister Narendra Modi described this as a “historic agreement” towards settling the “oldest insurgency” in India. This set the stage for the ongoing peace talks. In 2017, six other Naga armed outfits under the banned of the Naga National Political Groups (NNPGs) joined the talks. Currently , Muivah remains the senior-most Naga rebel leader. Isak died in 2016. In the NSCN(-K), its leader Khaplang died in 2018 Framework agreement: The government has not yet spelt out the details in public. Following the agreement, the government had said “The Government of India recognised the unique history, culture and position of the Nagas and their sentiments and aspirations. The NSCN understood and appreciated the Indian political system and governance.” Current status 2018: The accord being finalised “does not change the boundary of states; Provides autonomous Naga territorial councils for Arunachal and Manipur; A common cultural body for Nagas across states; Specific institutions for state’s development, integration, rehabilitation of non-state Naga militia The removal of the Armed Forces Special Powers Act”. Other issues: The government and the NSCN(I-M) have failed to agree on issues relating to a separate Naga flag and a constitution. NSCN(I-M) has said it will not budge from the demand for the flag and the constitution — and that it is looking for a lasting solution. Connecting the dots: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and Manipur are wary of the NSCN-IM’s concept of Nagalim or Greater Nagaland that could lead to a redrawing of their boundaries. Analyse. (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note:  Featured Comments and comments Up-voted by IASbaba are the “correct answers”. IASbaba App users – Team IASbaba will provide correct answers in comment section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1)DOXXING oftenseen in news is related to which of the following areas? Evergreening of Patents Military exercises with focus on counter-terror operations Publishing private information about someone None of the above   Q.2)Consider the following statements about Future Investment Forum It is organised by the Sovereign Wealth Fund of Saudi Arabia, the kingdom’s public investment fund The forum is popularly known as the ‘Davos in the Desert’and has been hosted by Riyadh since 2017 to project the kingdom as the future investment hub in the region. Which of the statements given above are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.3)Consider the following statements about India-Saudi Arabia Strategic Council The council will include only the External Affairs Ministry and Defence Ministry and their counterparts from Saudi Arabia. The council will be led by Indian Prime Minister and Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia-King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud. Which of the statements given above are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.4)Consider the following statements about Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) Itis a measure of how much kinetic energy a cyclone is dishing out through its winds. The average ACE for the North Indian Ocean is no more than 40 units. Thus far, 2019 Accumulated Cyclone Energy has hit 53.9 units. The previous seasonal record was 46.1 ACE units in 2007. Which of the statements given above are correct? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1,2 and 3 MUST READ Death of a terrorist: On Baghdadi's killing The Hindu The power of ordinary people The Hindu  Settling the Ayodhya case once and for all The Hindu The many gaps in NCRB data The Hindu

Oct 29, 2019 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz - 2020: IAS Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 102

UPSC Quiz - 2020: IAS Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 102 Archives Important Note Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :)  To take the Test - Click Here

Oct 28, 2019 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz - 2020: IAS Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 101

UPSC Quiz - 2020: IAS Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 101 Archives Important Note Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :)  To take the Test - Click Here

Oct 27, 2019 Motivational Articles

Creative Guidance – Embracing Creativity – Inspirational Educative Articles

Embracing Creativity: Creativity is not just an isolated department of life; it is the core of life. The very process of living is a creative endeavor. Creativity cannot happen without you, and this is very important to understand. It is your mind that has the ability to imagine, create thoughts, and generate emotions. When you project the inherent nature of your mind outward, it becomes creativity. In this sense, everyone is creative. It’s not as if you can say, “Oh, I don’t want to be creative. I’ll just go on living my life the way I’m living it. I don’t have to worry about it.” When you are right in the middle of life, creativity is inevitable. Why would you ever desire to avoid it? You are here to express yourself, and in that expression, your life can become complete and meaningful. Should you decide not to express yourself, a part of you will never reach its highest potential, and you will always feel a sense of incompletion in your life. You have to embrace creativity as a part of your life. If you don’t, your life will seem dull and boring and you will be constantly searching for deeper meaning. Without creativity, new scientific inquiry would have been impossible, and the greatest of scientific minds like Albert Einstein, would have never walked among us. In fact, Einstein attributed his scientific acumen, more than anything else, to his ability to imagine. It was his imagination that allowed him to see the universe in a new way. Most people know Einstein as a great scientist, but very few people know that he was a great dreamer. Notably, Einstein himself said, “Imagination is more important than knowledge. Knowledge is limited to all we know and understand, while imagination embraces the entire world, and all there will ever be, to know and understand.” Imagination can easily be confused with thinking, but there is an ocean of difference between the two. While thinking is simply a process of regurgitating information that you have already gained, imagination is a process of probing the unchartered realms of your mind. Einstein was able to walk a very different path from all the other physicists of his time because he valued imagination more than thinking. The birthplace of imagination is the silent and still depths of your mind. Without silence and stillness, imagination is impossible. Thinking can happen in a confused and chaotic mind, but imagination requires a quiet and still mind. Since meditation can help you to access your inner silence and stillness, it is the greatest nurturer of creativity. In reality, meditation is to creativity what tilling the soil is to gardening. In order for the garden to flourish, you need to remove the weeds and create the conditions for growth. In order for creativity to flourish, you must get rid of unwanted and excessive thinking and find the zone of inner silence and stillness. If you don’t allow yourself any space for inner silence and stillness, creativity will simply have no room to take root and grow. “This article is a part of the creative endeavor of Meditation Farm and IASBABA.”

Oct 26, 2019 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 26th October 2019

IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 26th October 2019 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) RTI RULES Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains II–RTI In News The Ministry of Personnel notified the Right to Information (Term of Office, Salaries, Allowances and Other Terms and Conditions of Service of Chief Information Commissioner, Information Commissioners and State Information Commissioners) Rules, 2019. The rules have reduced the tenure of Information Commissioners from five years to three. The Chief Information Commissioner’s salary has been fixed at Rs2.5 lakh and an Information Commissioner’s at Rs 2.25 lakh. It gives the government the discretion to decide on “conditions of service” for which no express provisions are made in the rules. According to activists, the rules had been drafted and promulgated in completely surreptitious manner which is in violation of the procedures laid down in the Pre-Legislative Consultation Policy of 2014. The policy requires all draft rules to be placed in the public domain for comments/suggestions of people. The draft was not available in the public domain and no consultations were held with members of the public. The changes would affect the independence of ‘Information Commissions who will function like caged parrots.’ PMO tells States to address stubble burning issue Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains III - Environment In News The Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) has instructed Punjab and Haryana to address the issue of stubble burning.  Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister chaired a meeting with members of a task force that oversees implementation of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) According to assessment by weather forecast agency SAFAR, the impact of stubble burning from Haryana & Punjab is “moderate but gradually increasing.”  Experts had earlier said that this weekend is particularly crucial for air quality due to Diwali which will see bursting of crackers as well as heightened traffic. The GRAP Task Force recommended that hot mix plants, stone-crushers and construction activities that generate dust are prohibited from October 26 to 30 in Delhi and its satellite towns What is graded response action plan (GRAP)? The plan was prepared by the Supreme Court-mandated Environment Pollution Control Authority (EPCA), which held meetings with stakeholders from all states over several months. A graded response lays down stratified actions that are required to be taken as and when the concentration of pollutants reaches a certain level. This plan will be putting into action a number of anti-pollution measures and there will be specific actions for each category — moderate to poor, very poor, severe and emergency. The measures include stoppage in the running of diesel sets, a three-fourfold increase in the parking rates, enhanced bus and metro services, and newspapers, TV and radio stations alerts on a daily basis with advice to people with respiratory and cardiac problems. Also, air in moderate-to-poor category will involve periodical mechanised sweeping of roads, deployment of traffic police for smooth flow of traffic at identified choke areas and strict enforcement of pollution norms at brick kilns and industrial complexes. IndiGen initiative Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains III –Science & Technology In News The IndiGen initiative was undertaken by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in April 2019, which was implemented by the CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi and CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad. CSIR has conducted Whole Genome Sequencing of 1,008 Indians from different populations across the country under the IndiGen Genome project. This has enabled benchmarking the scalability of genome sequencing and computational analysis at population scale in a defined timeline. The ability to decode the genetic blueprint of humans through whole genome sequencing will be a major driver for biomedical science. The aim of the exercise was twofold: to test if it’s possible to rapidly and reliably scan several genomes and advise people on health risks that are manifest in their gene and to understand the variation and frequency of certain genes that are known to be linked to disease. The outcomes of the IndiGen will have applications in a number of areas including predictive and preventive medicine with faster and efficient diagnosis of rare genetic diseases. About Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) It is an autonomous body and the largest research and development (R&D) organisation in India – running 37 laboratories and 39 field stations or extension centres. Although it is mainly funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology, it operates as an autonomous body registered under the Registration of Societies Act, 1860. The research and development activities of CSIR includes aerospace engineering, Structural engineering, ocean sciences, Life sciences, metallurgy, chemicals, mining, food, petroleum, leather, and environment. Brazil intends to allow Indians without visas Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains II – International Relations In News Brazil is working to implement a policy to facilitate a faster entry for Indian travellers into the country,  This is intended to boost people to people contact between the two countries and increase foreign investment into Brazil Brazil has already ended visa requirements for the citizens of U.S., Canada, Japan and Australia. The announcement from Brazil came ahead of the upcoming BRICS summit that will be held in Brazil which is expected to boost intra-BRICS ties. SYCAMORE Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains III – Science & Technology In News Google announced that its quantum computer – Sycamore- has achieved a breakthrough called quantum supremacy in computing. what is quantum supremacy? It describes the point where quantum computers can do things that classical computers cannot.  In Google’s case, researchers at the University of California, Santa Barbara have claimed to have developed a processor that took 200 seconds to do a calculation that would have taken a classical computer 10,000 years. what is a quantum computer? Traditional computers work on the basis of the laws of classical physics, specifically by utilising the flow of electricity. A quantum computer, on the other hand, seeks to exploit the laws that govern the behaviour of atoms and subatomic particles.  A classical computer processes information. Bits of information are stored as either 0 or 1. Every string of such digits (bitstrings) represents a unique character or instruction; for example, 01100001 represents the lowercase “a”. In a quantum computer, information is stored in quantum bits, or qubits. And a qubit can be both 0 and 1 at the same time. Unlike classical physics, in which an object can exist in one place at one time, quantum physics looks at the probabilities of an object being at different points. Existence in multiple states is called superposition, and the relationships among these states is called entanglement. (MAINS FOCUS) POLITY TOPIC: General Studies 2 India and its neighbourhood- relations. Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests 18th Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) Summit (Part-1) Context The 18th Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) Summit held in Baku, Azerbaijan between October 25 and October 26, 2019T his will be second time in row PM Modi is missing in NAM summit  Earlier skipped the 17th Margarita NAM Summit, 2017 in Venezuela too wherein India was represented by the then Vice-President Mr. Hamid Ansari.  This time again the country will be represented by the Vice President of the country Mr. V. Naidu. [caption id="attachment_51804" align="aligncenter" width="555"] IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 26th October 2019[/caption] Img: https://akm-img-a-in.tosshub.com/indiatoday/images/story/201901/nonaligned_movement.jpeg?wSE3nTP7UvBer2nTciKuexZQA0U1u50R NAM: The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is a forum of 120 developing world states that are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc(USA or USSR).  After the United Nations, it is the largest grouping of states worldwide Agreed at the Bandung Conference in 1955 Established in 1961 in Belgrade, Yugoslavia through an initiative of the Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and the Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito. Now consists of nearly two-thirds of the UN members and 55% of the world population. Purpose: To ensure "the national independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and security of non-aligned countries" in their "struggle against imperialism, colonialism, neo-colonialism, racism, and all forms of foreign aggression, occupation, domination, interference or hegemony as well as against great power and bloc politics." (Havana declaration ,Fidel castro) During cold war: Many of the Non-Aligned Movement's members were closely aligned with one or another of the superpowers  the movement  maintained unity throughout the Cold War. Several conflicts between members threatened the movement.  After cold war: NAM focused on developing multilateral ties and connections as well as unity among the developing nations of the world India and Non Alignment: India played vital role in the multilateral movements of colonies and newly independent countries that wanted to join  the Non-Aligned Movement.  India's policy was neither negative nor positive.  Diplomacy, size and its economic miracle turned India into one of the leaders of the Non-Aligned Movement and upholder of the Third World solidarity Connecting the dots: The role of the Non-Alignment Movement in world affairs had suffered greatly due to the theatre of internecine conflicts among the third World countries who spearheaded it. Elucidate. IR TOPIC: General Studies 2 Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian Diaspora. Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests Russian intervention in Syrian civil war Context Russian military police have arrived in Syria, under an accord between Turkey and Russia which halted Turkey's military incursion into northeast Syria. The deal, by Presidents Tayyip Erdogan and Vladimir Putin, requires that Russian military police and Syrian border guards remove all Kurdish YPG militia from the Turkish border. Turkey regards the YPG as a terrorist group aligned with Kurdish militants who have waged an insurgency in southeast Turkey since 1984. [caption id="attachment_51805" align="aligncenter" width="453"] IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 26th October 2019[/caption] Img: https://www.worldatlas.com/img/areamap/ebaac62ad98375890050b695082ce11b.gif Russian intervention in Syria: The Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War began in September 2015, after an official request by the Syrian government for military aid against rebel groups. Initially involved air strikes against targets against Syrian opposition militant groups opposed to the Syrian government, including the Syrian National Coalition, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), al-Nusra Front (al-Qaeda in Syria) and the Army of Conquest. Russian special operations forces and military advisors were stationed in Syria. Russia′s goals : Fighting terrorist organisations such as the Islamic State,  Helping the Syrian government retake territory from various anti-government groups that are labelled by the United States as ″moderate opposition″,  To roll back U.S. influence.  In 2015, Russian president Vladimir Putin defined Russia′s goal in Syria as "stabilising the legitimate power in Syria and creating the conditions for political compromise". Significance: Recapture of Palmyra from the Islamic State in March 2016, Retaking the major city of Aleppo in December 2016, Breaking the three-year-long siege of Deir ez-Zor  Criticisms: Russian air strikes killed acivilians, including children.  Russian attacks have killed more civilians than either the Islamic State or the Syrian Army. The intervention polarized international observers.  International community:  Countries with close diplomatic and economic ties to Russia, including China, Egypt, Iraq and Belarus, have generally supported the intervention Governments close to the US were usually contrary denouncing Russia for its role in the war and accusing the state of complicity in the Syrian regime's alleged war crimes.  Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International have alleged Russia is committing war crimes and deliberately targeting civilians. The United States government has condemned the intervention and imposed economic sanctions against Russia for supporting the Syrian government  United Nations have condemned the Russian intervention and accused Russia of war crimes. India’s response: India over decades has advocated policy of non interference in internal affairs of a sovereign nation. India suggested for dialogue and negotiations, and on the basis of the principles of the UN Charter and in accordance with international law Connecting the dots: India over decades has advocated policy of non interference in internal affairs of a sovereign nation. Justify (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note:  Featured Comments and comments Up-voted by IASbaba are the “correct answers”. IASbaba App users – Team IASbaba will provide correct answers in comment section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1)IndiGen initiative is undertaken by which body/organisation? DRDO Ministry of Skill Development CSIR None of the above Q.2)Consider the following statements about Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) It is an autonomous body registered under the Registration of Societies Act, 1860. The research and development activities of CSIR includes aerospace engineering, Structural engineering, ocean sciences, Life sciences, metallurgy, chemicals, mining, food, petroleum, leather, and environment. Which of the statements given above are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.3)SYCAMORE often seen in news is related to which of the following area? Cyber ransomware New vaccine to treat Malaria Quantum Computing None of the above Q.4)Consider the following statements about BRICS The first BRIC Summit took place in 2009 in Russia During the Sixth BRICS Summit in Fortaleza (2014) the leaders signed the Agreement establishing the New Development Bank (NDB). Which of the statements given above are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 MUST READ A delayed imperative: On BSNL-MTNL merger The Hindu Cutting risk: On India’s anti-polio drive The Hindu India’s big foreign policy shake-up The Hindu When the abstract destroys the physical being The Hindu