IAS Baba

Sep 17, 2019 AIR

All India Radio (AIR) IAS UPSC - Significance of G-7 Summit in Current Global Scenario

Significance of G-7 Summit in Current Global Scenario ARCHIVES Search 26th August, 2019 Spotlight News Analysis here: http://www.newsonair.com/Main_Audio_Bulletins_Search.aspx TOPIC: General Studies 2: India and its neighbourhood relations, International relations. Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests. Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora. Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate. The G7 or 'Group of Seven' are Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It is an intergovernmental organisation that was formed in 1975 by the top economies of the time as an informal forum to discuss pressing world issues. Canada joined the group in 1976, and the European Union began attending since 1977. The G7 was known as the ‘G8’ for several years after the original seven were joined by Russia in 1997. The Group returned to being called G7 after Russia was expelled as a member in 2014 following the latter’s annexation of the Crimea region of Ukraine. The current G7 Summit being held in France is the 45th, and the next one will be held in the United States in 2020. History The G7 was formed initially to discuss economic and political concerns prompted by the 1973 oil crisis - when members of OPEC, the Organization of Petroleum Export Countries, increased the price of oil and cut global supplies to countries seen as having backed Israel in the Yom Kippur War. Since then, the group has expanded its brief to cover a large number of international issues, including energy security, trade, climate change, global health issues, gender equality, poverty - and any other topic the country holding the G7 presidency chooses to put on the agenda. Today, the G7 are reckoned as the seven wealthiest and most advanced nations in the world because China, which holds the second largest net worth in the world, nonetheless has a low net worth per individual and an economy that has not yet fully modernized. In the meeting The G7 Summit is an informal gathering that lasts two days, in which leaders of member countries discuss a wide range of global issues. The groundwork for the Summit, including matters to be discussed and follow-up meetings, is done by the “sherpas”, who are generally personal representatives or members of diplomatic staff such as ambassadors. The G7 does not have a formal constitution or a fixed headquarters. The decisions taken by leaders during annual Summits are non-binding. The presidency, which rotates annually among member states, is responsible for setting the agenda of each year’s summit and arranging logistics for it. France identified the following five objectives for the Summit: Fighting inequality of opportunity, promoting in particular gender equality, access to education and high quality health services; Reducing environmental inequality by protecting our planet through climate finance and a fair ecological transition, preserving biodiversity and the oceans; Strengthening the social dimension of globalization through more fair and equitable trade, tax and development policies; Taking action for peace against security threats and terrorism which weaken the foundations of our societies; and Tapping into the opportunities created by digital technology and artificial intelligence (AI) Besides Iran, G-7 is worrying about a lot of other issues — from the Amazon forest fires to Brexit and the escalating tariff war between the US and China, to the French threat to impose new taxes on American technology companies. India at the G7 Summit The invite to India to be a Biarritz Partner and to Prime Minister Modi to be a special guest at the Summit was extended by President Macron keeping in mind the common interests of India and France, such as tackling climate change and the development of renewable energy. Prime Minister Modi collaborated closely with President Macron’s predecessor, President François Hollande, in the creation of the International Solar Alliance in 2015. Modi addressed sessions on digital transformation and climate change at the Biarritz Summit. Conclusion Many analysts also believe the power and prestige of the G20, a forum for finance ministers and central bank governors from nineteen of the world’s largest countries as well as the EU, has surpassed that of the G7. Emerging powers including Brazil, China, India, Mexico, and South Africa, whose absence from the G7 was often noted, all belong to the G20. However, in the current scenario, one must note that it would pay well if India uses this opportunity to deepen its ties with both France and USA. Connecting the Dots: Discuss the significance of G-7 Summit in current global scenario.

Sep 17, 2019 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz - 2020 : IAS Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 72

UPSC Quiz - 2020 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 72 Archives Q.1) Consider the following statements regarding India’s Cooling Action Plan (ICAP): ICAP has been released by Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC). The plan will help in reducing both direct and indirect emissions. Which of the above statements is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) With reference to the parliament of India, which of the following Parliamentary committees scrutinizes the assurances, promises, undertakings etc. given by ministers from time to time and report to the respective house and see whether such implementation has taken place within the minimum time necessary for the purpose? Committee on Subordinate Legislation Business Advisory Committee Committee on Public Accounts Committee on Government Assurances Q.3) ‘Exercise Samudra Laksamana’ is naval bilateral exercise between India and Singapore Thailand Malaysia Sri Lanka Q.4) ‘Valley of Flowers National Park’ is located in Uttarakhand Arunachal Pradesh Sikkim Goa Q.5) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Bharal’ It is found in Indian Himalayas only. It is listed as ‘Critically Endangered’ under the IUCN Red List. Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 To Download the Solution - Click here All the Best IASbaba

Sep 16, 2019 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 16th September 2019

IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 16th September 2019 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) SURVEY OF INDIA (SoI) Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – Governance In News SoI to deploy 300 drones for mapping country Currently the best SoI maps have a resolution of 1:250000, meaning a 1 cm on the map represents 2500 cm on the ground. The new maps being prepared will be of 1:500 resolutions, meaning 1 cm will represent 500 cm. The aim is to map 75% of India’s geography— about 2.4 million sq km of the 3.2 million sq km — within the next two years. Other than unprecedented detail, creation of High-resolution maps will facilitate digitisation of land titles in villages. Based on the availability of accurate maps, residents will finally be able to get property cards as well as proper legal titles to their lands Do you know? Survey of India is the National Survey and Mapping Organization of the country It is the oldest scientific department of the Govt. of India. It was set up in 1767 with its headquarters at Dehradun, Uttarakhand. It is under the Department of Science & Technology It has the responsibility to ensure that the country's domain is explored and mapped suitably. It also provides base maps for expeditious and integrated development. Vulture Conservation Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS-III – Environmental Conservation In News The population of the vultures in the country declined sharply from 40 million in the 80s to a few thousand by 2009. The major reason behind the vulture population getting nearly wiped out was the drug Diclofenac, found in the carcass of cattle the vultures fed on. The drug, whose veterinary use was banned in 2008, was commonly administered to cattle to treat inflammation. To study the cause of deaths of vultures, a Vulture Care Centre (VCC) was set up at Pinjore, Haryana in 2004. At present there are nine Vulture Conservation and Breeding Centres (VCBC) in India, of which three are directly administered by Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS). The objective of the VCBCs is not only to look after the vultures and breed them in captivity, but also to release them into the wild. The total number of vultures in these VCBCs is now more than 700. These days the forest department burning or burying animal carcasses it to keep poachers away. But the practice is denying food to vultures. Thus, scientists at VCBCs have called for better management of carcass dumps. Agri Credit Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS-III - Economy In News The Internal Working Group (IWG) headed by M.K.Jain, constituted by the RBI to Review Agricultural Credit submitted its report. Some of the recommendations of the group are: Priority sector lending guidelines should have a separate definition for lending to small and marginal farmers based on their land-holding size. Banks should not insist on land records for borrower seeking credit of up to Rs 2 lakh Digitise land records so that banks can create charges against landholdings, which will reduce instances of double or multiple financing on the same piece of land. State governments should reform their legal framework on the basis of the Model Land Leasing Act proposed by NITI Aayog, which will make it easier for farmers to lease land for cultivation and therefore avail credit. A federal institution, like that of the GST Council, should be set up with members from the central and state governments to implement agricultural reforms. At present there is no database of the Indian agriculture sector. Thus, GoI with the help of state governments should develop a centralised database for agriculture capturing details related to crops cultivated, cropping pattern, output, sown/irrigated area, health of soil, natural calamity. Central and state governments should set up a credit guarantee scheme on the lines of credit guarantee schemes for MSME sector to cover the default risk of the borrowers. Interest subvention scheme should be replaced with direct-benefit-transfers to mall and marginal farmers, tenant farmers, sharecroppers, oral lessees and landless labourers as individual borrowers or through self-help-group model up to a limit of Rs 3 lakh (MAINS FOCUS) ECONOMY TOPIC: General Studies 1: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment. Inclusive growth and issues arising from it. India’s growth figures are off the mark Context The economic growth rate (quarterly) for the last five quarters 8% to 7% to 6.6% to 5.8% and now to 5%.(much less than 5%) Experts like IMF , RBI , ADB have been indicating a 7% annual rate of growth Data shows that investment proposals are at a 14-year low. Origin of the slowdown: Unorganised sector producing 45% of the output and employing 94% of the workforce, has been in decline since demonetisation and the Goods and Services Tax , which is pulling down the rate of growth of the economy. The decline in the workforce, the rise in the demand for work under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, etc. suggests that the unorganised sector has declined by 10%. Why the difference between experts and the actual growth rate? Because these agencies are not independent data gathering agencies and depend on official data. The over-reliance on the organised sector for official GDP data is causing a gross miscalculation The official data only represents the organised sector like: For estimating quarterly growth govt uses ,estimates of Agricultural Production, Index of Industrial Production (IIP) and performance of key sectors like, Railways, Transport other than Railways, Communication, Banking, Insurance and Government Revenue Expenditure.(Except for agriculture, these belong to the organised sector of the economy) For the annual estimates govt uses mining, banking, hotels and restaurants, and transport. For construction, steel, glass, etc are used which are also derived from the organised sector production. The assumption is that the organised sector data represents for the unorganised sector. But with the economy suffering over the last three years which adversely impacted the unorganised sector, this assumption does not hold true. Measures taken and their impact : Recently announced Bank mergers further disturb a major chunk of the banking system in the coming year. Recently announced package for the automobile sector or making banks pass on interest rate cuts to businesses have little impact The announcement of a transfer of Rs 1.76 lakh crore from the RBI to the government will allow the government to maintain the fiscal deficit target at 3.3%. But, this will not provide the needed stimulus.( fiscal deficit today is 9%) Conclusion : The investment rate has hovered at around 30% for the last several years because the capacity utilisation in the economy has been around 75%.Unless this rises, fresh investment will mean even lower capacity utilisation and lower profitability since capital will be underutilised. The official data only represents the organised sector. To incorporate the unorganised sector, data from alternative sources need to be used. Govt must reveal the rate of growth of the unorganised sector that it is using in its estimates and which is not based on using the organised sector as a proxy. Connecting the dots: Do you think over-reliance on the organised sector for official GDP data is causing a gross miscalculation? POLITY/GOVERNANCE TOPIC: General Studies 2: Important Aspects of Governance, Transparency and Accountability, E-governance- applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; Citizens Charters, Transparency & Accountability and institutional and other measures. Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes Jan Soochna Portal and National Judicial Data Grid: remarkable achievement in advancing RTI About Jan Soochna Portal (JSP) It was launched by the government of Rajasthan Associated with right to information (RTI) JSP makes State government accountable to everyone People will have access to welfare schemes, revenue activities such as mining, and other service delivery issues such as health and education. Information kiosks in village panchayats and self-service e-Mitra centres in the towns will be established to enable the people to access the information. Department of Information Technology will serve as the nodal department for the development, operationalisation and maintenance of the JSP. National Judicial Data Grid (NJDG) By: The e-Committee of the Supreme Court Aim: To provide data on cases pending in the district courts across the country It is a part of the on-going e-Courts Integrated Mission Mode Project, and the NJDG works as a monitoring tool to identify, manage and reduce pendency of cases Do you know? Section 4 of the RTI Act — deals with proactive disclosure of information More than 70,000 cases were pending for over 30 years (according to NJDG) Need of the hour: Transparency should be accompanied by accountability One can cite examples of JSP or NJDG as a proof to support that availability of information (transparency) has led to accountability. Case 1: National Judicial Data Grid (NJDG) NJDG had revealed number of pending cases across the country and it held justice delivery system (Chief Justices and Registrars) accountable to such enormous delays. Outcome – Many courts have begun to concentrate on the disposal of old cases with considerable success. Case 2: Jan Soochna Portal (JSP) and associated Janta Information System JSP provides details of every activity of the government such as availability of food grains and ration shops and their distribution, implementation of various schemes and their beneficiaries and a variety of other information. Since the information is available on the Internet, every citizen has access to the information and hence the State government is accountable to everyone. Information available on portal ranges from waived farmers’ loans, mining leases, pollution and environment clearances, production and royalties and taxes paid etc. This kind of information can facilitate a progressive partnership between government and citizens for a cleaner society. Crux: Significance of technology and digitalization: With the use of technology and digitisation of records and information, range of information is made freely available on the JSP or NJDG. Information at free of cost: There is no need for anyone to take recourse to the RTI Act and await a response. All information can be accessed immediately, free of cost. Advances RTI: The launch of such portals are in accordance with the true spirit of the Right to Information (RTI) Act and ensures compliance with Section 4(2) of the RTI Act that mandates the public authorities to proactively disclose information in the public domain. Jan Soochna Portal (JSP) or the National Judicial Data Grid (NJDG) is remarkable achievement in advancing the Right to Information (RTI). Conclusion: Digital divide is indeed a serious problem in India. To bridge this, care should be taken to ensure that access points are open and free. Also steps should be taken to train citizens and make them aware of the facilities available. It would be wonderful if all other State governments follow the Rajasthan government’s initiative (JSP), which aims to make people, including the marginalised sections, a part of the governance process. Connecting the dots: Transparency accompanied by accountability can bring transformation in any system. Substantiate. Do you think citizen participation contribute to good governance? Illustrate with examples or recent initiatives how people can be made a part of the governance process. Citizen’s right to information is increasingly being seen as an important instrument to promote openness, transparency and accountability. Why? Examine. (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Featured Comments and comments Up-voted by IASbaba are the “correct answers”. IASbaba App users – Team IASbaba will provide correct answers in comment section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1) Consider the following statements The Internal Working Group (IWG) headed by Bimal Jalan was constituted by the RBI to Review Agricultural Credit scenario in India IWG recommended a federal institution, like that of the GST Council, should be set up with members from the central and state governments to implement agricultural reforms IWG also recommended a credit guarantee scheme to farm loans on the lines of credit guarantee schemes for MSME sector to cover the default risk of the borrowers. Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1,2 and 3 Q.2) Consider the following statements Assertion (A): The population of the vultures in the country declined sharply from 40 million in the 80s to a few thousand by 2009. Reason (R): The major reason behind the vulture population getting nearly wiped out was the drug Diclofenac, found in the carcass of cattle the vultures fed on. Select the correct answer from the codes given below. Both A & R are correct and R is the correct explanation for A Both A & R are correct but R is not the correct explanation for A A is correct and R is incorrect A is incorrect and R is correct Q.3) Consider the following statements about Survey of India It is the oldest scientific department of the Govt. of India. It was set up in 1767 with its headquarters at Dehradun, Uttarakhand. It is under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 MUST READ A dilution that falls short of the law The Hindu Mission successful, end product defunct The Hindu The litmus test for free speech The Hindu Explained: How waived loans impact states Indian Express From Plate to Plough: The right to choose Indian Express Linking patriotism to women’s bodies is uncalled for Indian Express

Sep 16, 2019 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz - 2020 : IAS Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 71

UPSC Quiz - 2020 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 71 Archives Q.1) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Collegium System’. The collegium of judges is the Supreme Court’s invention. The collegium recommends the transfer of Chief Justices and other judges. Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) ‘Pulikkali’ is a recreational folk art from Tamil Nadu Kerala Odisha Andhra Pradesh Q.3) ‘Part XVII’ of the Constitution of India deals with Official language Emergency provisions The Co-operative Societies Relations between the Union and States Q.4) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Central Equipment Identity Register (CEIR)’ It has been undertaken by Department of Telecom It is aimed at addressing security, theft and other concerns including reprogramming of mobile handsets. Select the correct statement 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.5) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘GreenCo Rating System’ It is developed by the Confederation of Indian Industries (CII) It is applicable to both manufacturing facilities and service sector units Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 To Download the Solution - Click here All the Best IASbaba

Sep 15, 2019 Motivational Articles

Creative Guidance – Guilt & Success – Inspirational Educative Articles

Guilt & Success: You might wonder what the connection is between guilt and success. There is a connection and a very strong one at that. There are two ways in which guilt and success are connected; one is, guilt stops you from taking time to do things that matter to your success, and the other is guilt subconsciously makes you want to not try hard enough to succeed. Just pause for a moment and think about the exact feeling of guilt. It is a complicated emotion that is connected to so many other emotions. Guilt is one of the primary emotional forces responsible for failure. And it is guilt that people use to keep reminding you that you are not good enough to succeed greatly. Guilt is not only a feeling that you experience when you have done something terribly wrong. There are so many instances where you feel guilty for even things you have not done. One of the hardest things to know is if you are right when you have done or not done something. This unsure feeling is what leads to guilt. In fact you don’t need a reason to feel guilty. Just not being sure about the right and wrong of actions is enough to create guilt. Since most of the time we live in the gray are of not being sure about the exact right, the exact truth and exact good, we replace this feeling of uncertainty with feelings of guilt. Almost 90% of the reasons for which we feel guilty are simply imaginary. Yes, certainly there are a few things for which we can genuinely feel guilty, but most other times it is simply a negative limiting emotion that has no basis in reality. It is important to understand that the single biggest factor that can hamper your progress in life is the feeling of guilt. Guilt is such a deep negative emotion that it can completely destroy your self-confidence. It can completely make you feel worthless. One of the main reasons why guilt is such a negative emotions is because it is self-inflicted. It is a lot easier to fight negative emotions when generated by others, than when it is created by us. Since guilt is almost always a self-condemning cathartic process, it becomes embedded deeply in our psyche affecting all our daily actions and future goals. Guilt destroys your self –image which is one of the crucial things that contribute to your success. So then, how can you avoid the habit of feeling guilty for anything and everything? You can go beyond this habit by establishing your own rules of right and wrong and sticking by it. When you don’t have your own measuring yardstick of right and wrong you are constantly looking for approval from people around you and when you don’t get the necessary approval for your behavior you feel guilty. The easiest way to avoid this is to precisely define what is right and wrong for you and live by it. This might sound a little crazy, but this is the only way to go beyond daily guilt and succeed in life. “This article is a part of the creative endeavor of Meditation Farm and IASBABA.”

Sep 14, 2019 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 14th September 2019

IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 14th September 2019 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) MAITREE EXERCISE Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – International Affairs In News Joint Military Exercise MAITREE-2019 between India and Thailand will be conducted at Umroi (Meghalaya) from 16-29 Sep 2019. Exercise MAITREE is an annual training event which is being conducted alternatively in Thailand and India since 2006. The scope of this exercise covers company level joint training on counter terrorism operations in jungle and urban scenario. The joint military exercise will enhance the level of defence co-operation between Indian Army (IA) and Royal Thailand Army (RTA) which in turn will further foster defence cooperation and bilateral relations between the two nations Salmonella Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS-II- Health In News MDH sambar masala were recalled from retail stores in California after tests by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) showed positive for salmonella. Salmonella is a group of bacteria that can cause food-borne illnesses known as salmonellosis Individuals who develop salmonellosis may show symptoms such as nausea, diarrhoea, fever, and abdominal cramps 12-72 hours after contracting the infection. In some cases the diarrhoea is severe, and there is risk of it spreading from the intestines to the bloodstream and to other parts of the body. In such cases, the infection (enteric fever) may result in death if the infected individual is not treated with antibiotics on time. According to estimates by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Salmonella causes 1.2 million illnesses, 23,000 hospitalisations and about 450 deaths in the United States every year. WHO identifies Salmonella as one of four key global causes of diarrhoeal diseases. Salmonellosis in humans is generally contracted through the consumption of contaminated food of animal origin (mainly eggs, meat, poultry, and milk), although other foods, including green vegetables contaminated by manure, have been implicated in its transmission. Jan Soochna Portal Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS-II - RTI In News The first-ever public information portal was launched in Rajasthan – named Jan Soochna Portal - to provide information about government authorities and departments suo motu to the public This is in lines with true spirit of the Right To Information Act, which calls for voluntary disclosure of information by government authorities The portal initially gives information pertaining to 13 departments - such as the number of beneficiaries of schemes, works undertaken in different areas, land records and social security pensions — will be available on the portal With different sections divided into districts, blocks and panchayats, the portal empowers the common people with access to useful information, without the need to file RTI application. The portal would eventually turn out to be an effective medium for “digital dialogue” with the people as well as a strong instrument for ensuring transparency in governance The portal has brought yet another distinction to Rajasthan, where the RTI movement had started in 1990s. SAHIBGANJ MULTI-MODAL TERMINAL (MMT) Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS-III -Economy In News PM Modi inaugurated the second riverine Multi-Modal Transport Terminal at Sahibganj, Jharkhand It has been constructed on River Ganga (NW-1) under the Jal Marg Vikas Project under the PPP model. Acting as a point of convergence for Road-Rail-River routes, Sahibganj MMT is strategically located in the logistic chain of Eastern Transport Corridor of India. The MMT will specially benefit the coal sector, stone chips, fertiliser, cement and sugar industries in the states Jharkhand and Bihar by connecting them to global markets. It will also provide alternate route for Nepal bound cargo and open up international markets for sea trade for land locked states of Jharkhand and Bihar. The terminal will be connected to North-East States via Bangladesh by a river-sea route. This is the second riverine multi-modal terminal in the country, the first has been built in Varanasi and was inaugurated in November, 2018. NATIONAL TOPIC: General Studies 1: Social empowerment General Studies 2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes Tabrez Ansari case Context: Lynching has assumed a rising trend in recent times – Dadri lynching case of cow slaughtering, Jharkhand Lynching case and recent Tabrez Ansari case. Recent Police decision of dropping charges against those accused of lynching Tabrez Ansari is a cause of concern. Lynching is one of the ways used by majority to intimidate the minority sections of the society. Contemporary issues There have been many incidences of Mob Lynching Incidents of gang-rapes (especially Dalits) Freedom and Fundamental Rights of J&K people were suppressed Inefficient NRC process Atrocities towards minorities Major Concerns: Lynching is not defined in the Indian legal system and there are no punishments with regards to lynching thus giving a free way to hate crime perpetrators India’s criminal justice system has always been biased against disadvantaged castes, women and Muslims There is open bias of the criminal justice system (as visible in recent mob lynching case of Tabrez Ansari) Tolerance of the open and profound injustice done to “other people” Increasingly dominant behavioural and socio-psychological trends Violation of right to equality and the right to freedom; Right to life The judiciary—the bulwark of a liberal democratic state—has not always played its role adequately Weak response by the state Conclusion: Lynching is an egregious manifestation of prejudice, intolerance, and contempt towards the rule of law. The strategic silence of the State and the ineffective law and order machinery has further given legitimacy to mob lynching. It is high time that the States and the Centre show some urgency so that creeping threats are prevented from metastasizing into an out-of-control monster. The biased outcome of the lynching case must concern us all. As Martin Luther King quoted – “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.” Quote from the article: “Freedom is indivisible; the chains on any one of my people were the chains on all of them, the chains on all of my people were the chains on me.” – Nelson Mandela Note: We can use above quote in essays or while answering questions related to Freedom, Minority rights/issues and Oppression. Value Addition: Nelson Mandela in his speech on freedom said above words, "freedom is indivisible". According to him, ‘Freedom’ is an abstract idea, which is unable to be divided or separated. Mandela as a child used to believe he is always free and in everywhere. But as grew up, he felt the chains of oppression. Freedom can't be seen rather it is felt. It is like the air. Mandela realized not only he was suppressed, barred but also his people were too. Even the oppressor and oppressed both were suffering from the lack of freedom, according to him. Connecting the dots: Lynching by mobs has become a recurring phenomenon in India. What can be the possible factors behind this trend? Examine. Also suggest ways to address it. ENVIRONMENT/BIO DIVERSITY TOPIC: General Studies 3: Environment and Ecology, Bio diversity - Conservation, environmental degradation, environmental impact assessment, Environment versus Development. Land Reforms in India. Conservation, Environmental Pollution and Degradation, Environmental Impact Assessment Afforestation – Step towards green initiative Context: India has committed to restoring 26 million hectares of degraded land by 2030. It proposes to create a carbon sink of close to three billion metric tonnes through additional tree cover. At UN Convention to Combat Climate Change, Prime Minister Narendra Modi committed to reduce carbon emission by planning afforestation programs in India. According to a recent study from Centre for Science and Environment – Soil degradation causes more carbon emission compared to any other activity indicating the need to restore the soil. Soil stores three times more carbon than that of atmosphere. Focus should be on reducing carbon sink with intensive afforestation programs. Right tree species with better forestry measures is a centre point of focus. Concerns: ‘Carbon credit markets’ have failed to generate funds for the developing world World countries have moved from regime of mandatory commitments (as part of 1997 Kyoto Protocol) to voluntary ones (under the 2015 Paris accord). This shift has negatively impacted carbon credit markets. Developing countries like India were issued carbon emission reduction certificates (which were bought by EU countries for funding clean projects). However, these certificates were often underpriced and were accorded to wrong projects, and hence failed to positively reduce carbon emission/carbon credits. Global funding for afforestation — Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation plus conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks (REDD+) — failed to provide accurate carbon pricing and negotiate rights of traditional communities. The way ahead: A multilateral body just for funding green initiatives must be set up. Step towards green initiatives – such as policy push to solar power and the efforts to shift to EVs – should be accelerated. Policy focus should be mainly on afforestation (through effective implementation of CAMPA) Compensatory Afforestation Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA) Started from Supreme Court of India in 2002. This is the amount paid by the developers who have utilized the forest lands for their construction work/projects. Ensures that the destroyed forest land is restored by regenerating the forest trees elsewhere in non-forest areas. Conclusion: Last November UNEP released a report on ‘emissions gap’ which indicated the global carbon emission reached its highest in 2017 after 3 years of stagnation. As the soil emits more carbon than any other sources, steps has to be taken to reduce carbon emission from soil. Afforestation is a crucial measure to combat carbon emission there by helping green initiative movement. Connecting the dots: What do you mean by Emission Trading Scheme (ETS)? Does India need one? Discuss. What is the National REDD+ strategy? What are its objectives? Explain. (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Featured Comments and comments Up-voted by IASbaba are the “correct answers”. IASbaba App users – Team IASbaba will provide correct answers in comment section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1) Consider the following statements about Salmonella Salmonella is a group of viruses that can cause food-borne illnesses known as salmonellosis. WHO identifies Salmonella as one of four key global causes of diarrhoeal diseases. Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) Consider the following statements about Sahibganj Multi-Modal Transport Terminal It is second riverine Multi-Modal Transport Terminal located at Bihar Acting as a point of convergence for Road-Rail-River routes, Sahibganj MMT is strategically located in the logistic chain of Eastern Transport Corridor of India. It will also provide alternate route for Nepal bound cargo and open up international markets for sea trade for land locked states of Bihar and Jharkhand Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1,2 and 3 Q.3) Jan Soochna Portal to bring transparency in governance by voluntary disclosure of information is launched by which Indian State? Karnataka Maharashtra Delhi Rajasthan MUST READ In Afghan peace derailment, a wagon of hope The Hindu A milestone in greater transparency, accountability The Hindu Valley of discontent: Contempt for politicians and media overrides ‘azadi’ in Kashmir The Hindu Missing the worm’s eye view Indian Express

Sep 14, 2019 Motivational Articles

Creative Guidance: Book Review – Understanding the Dead Sea scrolls – Hershel Shanks

Understanding the Dead Sea scrolls: Hershel Shanks The Dead Sea scrolls contain some of the most magnificent secrets of human civilization, stored and forgotten for more than 2000 years. These scrolls were a part of an ancient civilization and way of life that has been long forgotten. Dead Sea scrolls represent some of the most intricate mysteries of life and beyond. These scrolls, which were stored in mud pots and hidden in a remote cave, were accidentally discovered by a few shepherds. Very little did they know about the significance of this discovery and very little did they know of the value of these scrolls. When these scrolls eventually reached the scholars and were interpreted, it revealed and is continuing to reveal some amazing insights about a secret way of life that has all but disappeared now. This book offers a way to read and understand these texts. Some of us might think what is the relevance of reading such ancient hidden away scriptures now and what relevance can it have to our modern lifestyle? If this is the case then we should not be interested in history at all. Human history offers us ways to understand our life better. It helps us to avoid the same mistakes made again and again throughout history. It also opens up our understanding of life. “Understanding the Dead Sea scrolls” is a fascinating read to dive into the depths of an ancient mystery that is a part of all modern cultures. Studying these scriptures is like studying the roots of ancient civilizations. It can tremendously enhance your ability to understand the human culture.

Sep 13, 2019 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 13th September 2019

IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 13th September 2019 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Hindi Wikipedia Part of: GS Prelims In News The Department of Science and Technology (DST) is planning to translate large number of wikipedia articles into Hindi, as there isn't sufficient representation of scientific topics on Wikipedia in Indian languages There are about 50 lakh Wikipedia articles in English and only 125,000 comparable ones in Hindi. DST plans to increase the number of Hindi articles Machine learning would be used to train software to rapidly translate large tracts of text from English to Hindi and the services of scientists as well as subject experts would be employed The project will first involve translating a large number of science-based wikis and eventually move on to creating original content in Indian language Hindi would be the beginning but DST plans to branch out to other Indian languages in long run. Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS-II- International Affairs In News Australia’s lead negotiator for RCEP says all countries have “committed” to completing talks before the RCEP summit on November 1. RCEP is a proposed free trade agreement (FTA) between ASEAN and its six FTA partners -China, Japan, India, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand. Ten member states of ASEAN are Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam RCEP negotiations were formally launched in November 2012 at the ASEAN Summit in Cambodia Once implemented, the RCEP will be the largest free trading bloc accounting for 45 per cent of the world’s population, about a third of the global GDP and 40 per cent of global trade. India is seeking a mechanism to ‘cap’ imports as a safeguard measure in case its withdrawal of tariffs under RCEP leads to a sudden surge in goods flooding the Indian market. India wants dual tariff mechanism – one tariff system with those countries with which it already has an FTA and a different tariff mechanism with those countries that India doesn’t have FTA India already has bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) with ASEAN, Japan and South Korea India doesn’t have FTA with China, Australia and New Zealand With China, India is attempting to limit elimination of tariffs up to about 70 per cent of traded items which is to be spread over thirty years. With Australia and New Zealand in particular, India has been negotiating on agricultural and dairy imports. The need for India is for freedom of movement for services from India to the other countries to be included in RCEP negotiations itself. Water on Exoplanet Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS-III -Space In News Astronomers have for the first time discovered water in the atmosphere of exoplanet - K2-18b, along with Earth-like temperatures that could support life. An exoplanet or extrasolar planet is a planet outside the Solar System The K2-18b planet orbits the cool dwarf star K2-18, which is about 110 light years from Earth in the Leo constellation of the milkyway galaxy Scientists used archive data from 2016 and 2017 captured by the ESA/NASA Hubble Space Telescope and developed open-source algorithms to analyse the starlight filtered through K2-18b’s atmosphere. The results revealed the molecular signature of water vapour, also indicating the presence of hydrogen and helium in the planet’s atmosphere Scientists concluded further studies are required to estimate cloud coverage and the percentage of atmospheric water present. Drought toolbox Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS-III –Disaster Management In News Drought Toolbox was officially launched during the 14th Conference of Parties (COP14) to United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) held at Greater Noida, India. The Drought Toolbox can be used by countries to assess drought risks in their regions much in advance and prepare to deal with the water scarcity. The toolbox uses 30 parameters, including soil moisture, rainfall data and temperature data and can accurately evaluate the vulnerability of different geographic regions to drought. It will also suggest means to mitigate the adverse impact of acute water scarcity. The framework for the toolkit includes three key aspects: (1) ‘Monitoring and Early Warning’ system, (2) ‘Vulnerability and Risk Assessment’ and (3) ‘Risk Mitigation Measures’. Droughts, which are normally difficult to foresee are four times costlier than floods. Impact of global warming on Drought : 2 degree Celsius increase in global temperatures will put an additional 441 million people at the risk of facing drought globally. In India, the Ministry of Agriculture is the nodal ministry in respect of monitoring and managing drought conditions Droughts are classified into meteorological droughts, hydrological droughts and agricultural droughts. (MAINS FOCUS) EDUCATION TOPIC: General Studies 2: Issues Relating to Development and Management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources. Welfare Schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these Schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections. Issues related to education system and fundamental learning skills. Fundamental Leaning skills – Focus for the students/children Context: Indian government announced to attain $10 trillion economic growth by the end of 2030. Government made this announcement keeping in focus of 12 million Indian youth who will attain employable age of 29 by 2030. Even though our youth contribute for the growth of Indian economy, they fail at international level due to lack of fundamental learning skills. Need for fundamental leaning skills: The schools have achieved increase in the enrolment of students from past 10 yrs. Only about 1/3rd proportion of 3rd grade students are able to read and learn 2nd grade texts. According to National Achievement Survey (NAS), only a little portion of students have achieved critical learning skills and majority fail. Lack of a strong learning foundation at the primary level. Drawbacks of current school learning system: Even though majority of our children pass out of schools, they lack in basic fundamental skills. Students pick advance skills much faster without paying attention for the basic fundamental learning skills. In turn, students fail to cope up with the current global knowledge economic scenarios. Prerequisites for Learning: According to National Education Policy (NEP), the ability to read, write and perform basic calculation is a necessity/prerequisite for quality learning. Children are expected to read simple texts and do simple Maths by 3rd grade and are said to be normal. Those who lack this ability are going to fall behind from this learning curve. Challenges in delivering fundamental learning skills: Children from poor family backgrounds and less exposure to external influences find it difficult to understand the gateway skills. Most of the teachers have fixed curriculum and time limit to complete their curriculum, so they focus on the bright students and in the meanwhile, the skill lacking students fall behind. Lack of multiple skill development institutes in India which fail to deliver basic fundamental learning skills to students, due to which our students fail to showcase their skills at international level. Actions to be taken: Government must focus on fundamental learning skills by goal based literary and numeracy skill development programs with the active involvement of the parents and stake holders. Changing the teaching methodology with the help of teaching-learning aids, audio visual aids etc. Training and developing teachers for new methodologies about fundamental learning skills and continuous upgrading the same. Conclusion: Fundamental learning skill is a new requirement of modern India. It gives confidence and skill sets for the students to show case themselves at international levels. This will help India to achieve more success and be in the top of the ladder with international standards. Connecting the dots: Examine the factors behind poor learning outcomes in India. How can this be addressed? Discuss. India lacks fundamental learning skills. Do you agree? What is wrong with our education system? How can we address it? Discuss. AGRICULTURE TOPIC: General Studies 3: Major Crops - Cropping Patterns in various parts of the country, - Different Types of Irrigation and Irrigation Systems; Storage, Transport and Marketing of Agricultural Produce and Issues and Related Constraints; E-technology in the aid of farmers. Land Reforms in India. Environment and Ecology, Bio diversity - Conservation, environmental degradation, environmental impact assessment, Environment versus Development. Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) – Pro and Consequences What is Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF)? ZBNF is a process of farming where the crops are grown using natural resources like cow dung, cow urine etc. This process ensures mitigating the use of chemical fertilizers and nutrients to the soil. Is ZBNF useful for the farmers? In 2019 annual budget, Prime Minister stressed on ZBNF that it will be an advantage for the farmers to reduce chemical residue in the soil. It will help the farmers to grow organic products without any chemicals which fetch more prices in the market than the chemically grown produce. Help the farmers to double their farm income. Reduces use of chemicals as there are enough nutrients available to plants by air, soil and water, helps to reduce carbon emission rates. Controversy about ZBNF: Panel of scientists from ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) and NAAS (National Academy of Agriculture Sciences) are against ZBNF and claiming that ZBNF alone cannot increase the farm income. The debate from the scientists: There is no evidence of proof that ZBNF alone has increased the farm income. If there is 30-50% increase in yield by using the chemical inputs, then there must be 30-50% price advantage to the farmers by using ZBNF. The chemical inputs costs around 5-7% of the total production costs. Marketing of these organically grown market is less compared to the basic markets. Conclusion: Practicing ZBNF consistently will take many years to see the results as the soil has to be completely amended free of harmful chemicals and fertilizers. Sudden shift from chemicals to natural products may reduce the yield. ZBNF if proved successful and advantageous, it will be accepted from the farmers immediately as in case of adaption of Bt cotton seeds. Successful marketing has to be created for these produce as of now the organic markets are in the niche areas only. If the government is prioritizing ZBNF, then extensive measures must be bought in the fertilizer subsidy pricing. Connecting the dots: What do you understand by ‘zero budgent natural farming’ (ZBNF)? Discuss its benefits over conventional form of agriculture. In the context of the government’s commitment to double farmers’ income by 2022, the recent proposal for reducing cost of production through ‘zero budget natural farming’ (ZBNF), stands to enhance the profit margins for farmers. Elucidate. (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Featured Comments and comments Up-voted by IASbaba are the “correct answers”. IASbaba App users – Team IASbaba will provide correct answers in comment section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1) Consider the following statements Drought Toolbox was officially launched during the 14th Conference of Parties (COP14) to United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) held at Greater Noida, India. In India, the Ministry of Rural Development is the nodal ministry in respect of monitoring and managing drought conditions Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) RCEP recently seen in news is related to which of the following ? ASEAN Shanghai Cooperation Organisation South Asia Space collaboration None of the above MUST READ Futile fines: On traffic violation penalties The Hindu Are public universities under threat? The Hindu Let’s talk safety Indian Express Orphaned by State Indian Express Manufacturing: Weaving a new path for India’s textile industry Financial Express

Sep 13, 2019 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz - 2020 : IAS Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 70

UPSC Quiz - 2020 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz Day 70 Archives Q.1) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Capital Conservation Buffer (CCB)’ It was introduced after the 2008 global financial crisis to improve the ability of banks to withstand adverse economic conditions. It is introduced under the international Basel III norms. Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Man-Portable Antitank Guided Missile (MPATGM)’ It is an indigenously-developed low weight, fire and forget missile. It is derived from Nag missile Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.3) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Ireland’ It is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic. It is part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a ridge along which the oceanic crust spreads and forms new oceanic crust. Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.4) Italian Traveler Nicolo di Conti and Portuguese traveler Domingos Paes visited and wrote about which of the following empires? Chola Vijayanagar Ahom Nawabs of Bengal Q.5) The earliest texts on architecture is believed to be contained in: Silpa Sastra Bija Ganita Siddhanta Siromani Sulva Sutra To Download the Solution - Click here All the Best IASbaba

Sep 12, 2019 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 12th September 2019

IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 12th September 2019 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Bombay Blood Group Part of: GS Prelims - Science In News Over the last two weeks, demand for the “Bombay blood group” has coincidentally spiked at Mumbai’s hospitals, but supply has been scarce. The rare, Bombay blood group was first discovered in Mumbai (then Bombay) in 1952 by Dr Y M Bhende. The Bombay blood group, also called hh, is deficient in expressing antigen H, meaning the RBC has no antigen H Globally, the hh blood type has an incidence of one in four million. It has a higher incidence in South Asia; in India, one in 7,600 to 10,000 are born with this type. This blood type is more common in South Asia than anywhere else because of inbreeding and close community marriages. The individuals with Bombay blood group can only be transfused blood from individuals of Bombay hh phenotype only which is very rare. Blood Grouping: When we say someone has blood group A, it means that the person has antigen of type 'A' and antibody of type 'B' in his/her blood. People with AB have both antigen A and B in their blood and no antibodies. People with O blood group have only antibodies A and B and no antigens. However what is not generally known is that all these groups have an antigen H in the blood as well. There are very few people who do not have this antigen H also in their blood. Instead they have antibody H because of which no other blood can be given to them. India Urban Data Exchange (IUDX) Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS-II- Local Governance In News IUDX is a research project under smart cities mission being implemented by Union Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) in collaboration with Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru. IUDX will be an open source software platform for cities, industry and researchers to share Smart City data with each other that could be monetised in the future, similar to the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) for bank accounts and digital payments. It will facilitate secure, authenticated and managed exchange of data amongst various data platforms, third-party authenticated and authorized applications and other data sources The India Urban Data Exchange set up by the Union Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) for its Smart Cities would be expanded, eventually leading to a “marketplace”. MoHUA said that the open data platform for the 100 cities would be expanded to cover 500 cities by 2022 and all urban centres in the country by 2024. (MAINS FOCUS) ENVIRONMENT TOPIC: General Studies 3: Environment and Ecology, Bio diversity - Conservation, environmental degradation, environmental impact assessment, Environment versus Development. Conservation, Environmental Pollution and Degradation, Environmental Impact Assessment. Issues relating to renewable energy technology and developing new technology. Carbon Tax – New approach to mitigate global warming Context: Global warming is a serious concern which needs to be addressed globally. According to Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) report – Global carbon emissions have to fall by 45% from 2010 to 2030 and has to reach zero at the end of 2050. So we are left with a decade to control global warming. If we do not meet these figures by the next 10 yrs, then the tropical regions of the World, mainly the global South will be impacted more because of their low altitudes and relatively high temperatures. The impact was already seen in Tamil Nadu crisis which had scarcity of water during 2019 summer. Although the global South has impacted less for the global warming, it is acting as a receiver from the life style change towards the Global North. Environment is becoming a casualty but a genuine global consensus to address the problem is yet to be found. So both North and South parts of world must work collaboratively towards addressing the issue and plan measures to control it. But as the relationship between both is unequal, there is a call for a balanced approach to address global warming together. What is Carbon Tax? The carbon tax is a term used to represent the tax imposed to the countries based on the carbon content of the fuels (oil, petroleum, gas products) resources that they have. This has been the approach involved in sharing the responsibility towards global warming depending on their share in global carbon emissions. This is the most accepted model of mitigating the problem. Just Energy Transition (JET) On the other hand, Just Energy Transition (JET), approach gives global justice in terms of climatic changes and the contribution of global emissions from the countries. It will also help fuel poor countries to shift their fuel requirements to other energy sources without compensating their economic losses. Need for more green energy resources As the financially rich countries are concentrating on their own energy resources, priority must be given to shift their energy resources into green energy resources. This global green energy needs a massive infrastructure and investment. This can be achieved if the rich countries share the burden from the poor countries. In other words, instead of funding their own energy transition, they can share the burden with the poor nations so that the injustice funnel is inverted. To achieve this greener energy program, the countries may have to invest 1.5% of their GDP. This can be done by getting funds from global carbon tax which is $46.1 per metric tonne of CO2 emitted and the average global carbon emission is 36.1 billion metric tonne of CO2 from these energy rich countries. Emission Ladder: Pic: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/e7amvt/article29394219.ece/alternates/FREE_320/level-of-incomecol What is Carbon tax sharing? This is a process of energy transition wherein the countries which are emitting more than average per capita carbon will fund a part of their energy transition with countries which are below average in carbon emission. This will compensate the energy transitions to greener environment from the receiving countries thereby compensating to the greener Earth. So the countries which are emitting high levels of carbon per capita will share their energy transitions with the beneficiary countries which are emitting below average carbon. How to calculate carbon tax? The average carbon compensation from the donor nations is around $570 billion. This amount is distributed among the donor countries depending on their distance from the global average (fixed for their population size). The same is the case for the receiving countries which receives the amount based on the carbon emission compared to the global average. So when we add the carbon compensation to each of these countries, we can generate the carbon tax for each of them. USA and China ranked the top two payer nations list as their absolute amount of energy transfers is higher compared to the global averages. India on the contrary comes in the compensated countries list because of its high population size and low global emission rates. Conclusion: The time has come for all of us to focus on mitigating the global carbon emission rate to the lower levels. This can be achieved from combined efforts of payer nations and compensated nations by sharing their per capita carbon emission. With this global policy approach, even the high income nations whose per capita emissions are lower will also be benefitted along with poor energy countries. All that needs is the countries to step down their emission ladders without compensating their standard of living there by achieving global green Robin Hood tax. Connecting the dots: What is global carbon tax and how it is calculated? What are the measures to mitigate the global warming in terms of carbon emission? CONSTITUTION/POLITY TOPIC: General Studies 2: Parliament and State Legislatures—Structure, Functioning, Conduct of Business, Powers & Privileges and Issues Arising out of these. Structure, Organization and Functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries and Departments of the Government; Pressure Groups and Formal/Informal Associations and their Role in the Polity. Habeas corpus judgement – Its impact on the civil society What is Habeas corpus judgment? Habeas corpus judgment is a court verdict which defines detaining the liberty of civil society and locking them from the fundamental rights. This is based on the principle of Supreme Court verdict which suspended the fundamental rights to life and liberty of the civil society during the ‘times of peril’. Note: The ‘times of peril’ will be decided from the government about what and whose rights will be suspended? When it will be suspended? and when it will be restored etc? Habeas corpus judgment came into light after Indira Gandhi’s Emergency. As there was absolute power in the beginning which caused torture and murder of the innocents, the Supreme Court made a checks and balances for the government, to be accountable for all their actions through habeas corpus judgment. Based on the statement from H R Khanna who opinioned that ‘the greatest danger to liberty lies in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, well-meaning but lacking in due deference for the rule of law’. According to which if the state government decides to infringe people’s right with respect to a larger goal, then it must prove a rational relationship for the goal and measure the adoption demonstration. The decision to implement or to take off entirely depends on the Supreme Court in synchrony with the state government. This also gives the right to court to decide when to detain, how long to detain, whom to detain depending on local conditions at state. Example of Habeas corpus judgment in 2019 The state of Jammu & Kashmir was kept under communication breakdown/lockdown starting from 5th of August 2019. Based on which many political leaders along with common man were detained from their fundamental rights. This was followed by downgrading Article 370 in the state which converted these two states into union territories. Effects of Habeas corpus judgment and communication lockdown: Both these moves have damaged the fundamental rights. Right to speak and right to express has been violated. Prevented the people outside the state to be in touch with their family members. Caused damage to the entire infrastructure of health, transport and food. Causes suffering to the individual liberty. Views about communication lockdown: Our national security Advisor Mr. Ajit Doval justified detention and said that the political leaders will remain in custody till the environment is safe for them to function at the democratic level but did not confirm how long this would last. According to few experts from United Nations, they called the communication lockdown as a “Collective punishment” where the entire community is punished due to the action of few. This will affect the civil people to use their fundamental rights. Even though there are arguments regarding the detention of communication lockdown in the public, newspapers, interviews etc, the court have not given any explanation about this matter. Delhi High Court is continuously adjourning the petition of a political leader Shah Faesal who challenged about his detention in the state. The same case is the Supreme Court which is repeatedly adjourning the petitions with respect to the detention. Conclusion: No civilian need a permission from the court to travel within India. Even though the court have granted liberty to travel anywhere in India, it failed to give the validity of detention by itself. Habeas corpus judgment or communication lockdown in India does not always end in violence. It is simply to take off the fundamental rights from the people for time being until the law is back in place. Even the individuals are adjusting and abide to the court rules and regulation without raising their voice for their fundamental rights. So this shows the complete executive supremacy from the government bodies to bring in law and order in place which is making the people of Jammu and Kashmir to remain silent. Connecting the dots: Is Habeas corpus judgment is beneficial for the public in J&K;? Why the courts are not answering the petitions about the detentions? (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Featured Comments and comments Up-voted by IASbaba are the “correct answers”. IASbaba App users – Team IASbaba will provide correct answers in comment section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1) Consider the following statements about Bombay Blood Group The rare, Bombay blood group was first discovered in Mumbai (then Bombay) in 1952 by Dr Y M Bhende. The Bombay blood group, also called hh, is deficient in expressing antigen H, meaning the RBC has no antigen H Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) Consider the following statements about Indian Urban Data Exchange (IUDX) IUDX will be an open source software platform for cities, industry and researchers to share Smart City data with each other that could be monetised in the future It is being implemented by NITI Aayog Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 MUST READ Striking a blow for investigative credibility The Hindu An indefensible transfer that needs to be reversed The Hindu Doctors as victims Indian Express Without Article 370, questions may have arisen about definition of J&K; territory and India’s claim to POK Indian Express Constitution’s Seventh Schedule needs a re-look Indian Express Restructuring of centrally sponsored schemes cannot be done without consultation with states Financial Express No clarity on whether Electronic nicotine delivery systems are to be treated as ‘drugs’ Financial Express

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