Aug 30, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 30th August 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   SPACEFLIGHT AND THE HUMAN BODY  Syllabus Mains – GS 3 Context: On August 24, NASA announced that Boeing’s Starliner crew capsule, which took astronauts Sunita Williams and Barry Wilmore to the International Space Station (ISS) on its first crewed test flight, was deemed unsafe for their return. Background: – Williams and Wilmore will stay on the ISS until February 2025 and return in a SpaceX crew capsule launching in September 2024. The Starliner meanwhile will undock and return uncrewed. What is Space? Defining Space: Space is easier to identify far from Earth than near it due to the gradual transition from ‘earth-like’ to ‘space-like’ conditions. In aeronautics, space begins at the Karman line, 100 km above sea level. Gravity in Space: While gravity diminishes over distance, it never entirely disappears. Astronauts on the ISS experience microgravity, not zero gravity. Varying Conditions: Different parts of space expose astronauts to different conditions. For example, the Van Allen radiation belts, located from 640 km to 58,000 km above Earth, contain charged particles trapped by Earth’s magnetic field. Effects of Space on the Human Body: Research Limitations: Although hundreds of astronauts have flown to space, their numbers are too small to fully understand all the effects of spaceflight on the human body. However, broad trends have been observed. Bone and Muscle Loss: In microgravity, bones weaken, which might force the body to deposit the ‘excess’ mineral content in the kidneys leading to kidney stones. Because of the body’s weightless experience, the heart is required to do less work and could shrink. Similarly, other parts of the musculature could shed muscle mass and strength. Digestive Changes: Food may move more slowly through the gut, leading to weight gain. Vision Issues: Around 20% of astronauts, and 70% of those on long missions, develop spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS), where fluids build up in the head and affect eyesight. Blood Changes: Astronauts lose more red blood cells in space, requiring dietary adjustments to produce more cells. Balance and Orientation: The brain works harder in space to maintain balance and orientation due to altered signals from the body. Causes and Countermeasures: Key Causes: Radiation, confined environments, distance from Earth, and microgravity are major factors affecting astronauts’ health. Exercise and Routines: Astronauts follow strict exercise regimes and routines to maintain physical health and reduce stress. Technological Solutions: Proposals include portable devices to monitor SANS and countermeasures like lower body negative pressure and artificial gravity. Human Time in Space: Increased Duration: The average time an astronaut spends in space has increased from one month in the 1960s to six months in the 2020s. Future Challenges: With plans for permanent lunar stations and missions to Mars, new long-duration missions will bring additional safety challenges. Source: Hindu SANCTION FOR PROSECUTION  Syllabus Prelims & Mains – POLITY Context: The issue of granting sanction to prosecute a public servant has resurfaced after the Karnataka Governors approval to open an investigation and to prosecute Chief Minister Siddaramaiah over alleged irregularities in allotting compensatory plots to his wife, following the acquisition of her land by the Mysore Urban Development Authority. Background: – The law relating to a Governor granting sanction for a serving CM’s prosecution is governed not by statutory provisions alone, but also a string of court judgments. Why is Sanction Required to Prosecute a Public Servant? Sanction for prosecuting a public servant has been a mandatory feature of anti-corruption law. Protection from Vexatious Prosecution: It is required to protect them from malicious or vexatious prosecutions for actions taken during official duties. Legal Provisions: Section 197, CrPC: No court can take cognisance of a case against a public servant without sanction from an authority competent to remove them. Applies to those currently or formerly public servants. Similar to CrPC, Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947, has provision for sanction. Under both the CrPC and the Prevention of Corruption Act (PCA), the State and Central governments had the authority to sanction prosecution of their respective employees. Latest Provisions on Granting Sanction Section 218 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), the procedure code that has replaced the CrPC, retains the sanction provisions. Prevention of Corruption Act (2018 Amendment): Section 17A: Government approval is required even to begin an investigation. Section 19: Sanction is a prerequisite for any court to take cognisance of a charge sheet or complaint of corruption. Applies to Current and Former Public Servants: The amendment covers those who are and were public servants. Governor’s Role in Cases Against a Chief Minister Authority to Grant Sanction: The Governor, who has the power to dismiss a Chief Minister, is considered the authority to grant sanction for prosecuting a Chief Minister. Governor’s Discretion: According to the Supreme Court (A.R. Antulay case), the Governor should act in his discretion and not on the advice of the Council of Ministers when granting sanction to prosecute a Chief Minister. Court Rulings on Sanction Madhya Pradesh Special Police Establishment vs. State of MP and others (2004): The Supreme Court upheld the Governor’s decision to grant sanction against two Ministers despite the Council of Ministers’ decision to the contrary. The Court found the Council’s decision irrational and emphasized that the Governor can act in his discretion when there is apparent bias or irrationality in the Council’s decision. Source: Hindu CHILE  Syllabus Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: On a three-day visit to India, Chile’s Foreign Minister  held a meeting with External Affairs minister S Jaishankar on Wednesday and discussed bilateral cooperation in trade and investment, agriculture, critical minerals, defence and space among other issues. Background: Chile is a key partner of India in the Latin American region. About Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica. The capital and largest city of Chile is Santiago. Geography Location: Chile stretches over 4,300 km (2,700 miles) from north to south, making it one of the longest countries in the world. It is bordered by Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Landscape: The country is known for its diverse landscapes, including the Atacama Desert in the north, the fertile Central Valley, and the rugged Andes mountains. It also includes Easter Island and several other Pacific islands. Climate Variety: Due to its length, Chile experiences a wide range of climates, from the arid desert in the north to a Mediterranean climate in the central region, and a temperate climate in the south. Natural Events: Chile is prone to natural events such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis due to its location along the Pacific Ring of Fire. Population and Culture Population: As of 2024, Chile has an estimated population of around 20 million people. Language: Spanish is the official language. Culture: Chilean culture is a blend of indigenous and European influences. The country is also known for its wine production and cuisine. Government and Economy Government: Chile is a multiparty republic with a president as the head of state and government. The current president is Gabriel Boric. Economy: Chile has a mixed economy with a strong emphasis on mining, particularly copper, which is a major export. Other important sectors include agriculture, fishing, and manufacturing. Natural Beauty: The country is home to stunning natural landscapes, including the Torres del Paine National Park, the Lake District, and the fjords of Patagonia Source: Indian Express PERPETUAL BONDS  Syllabus Prelims – ECONOMY Context: Canara Bank issued India’s first Additional Tier I perpetual bonds since recent rule changes, attracting strong investor interest with a lower-than-expected coupon of 8.27%. Background: This marks a revival in demand for these bonds, which had declined due to regulatory challenges. The Securities and Exchange Board of India’s (SEBI) recent valuation tweak, allowing mutual funds to value these bonds based on the call option, has made them more attractive. About Perpetual Bonds Perpetual bonds, also known as perpetual notes or perps, are a type of bond that has no maturity date. They are issued by companies or organizations to raise capital, and the issuer is not required to repay the principal amount. Characteristics: No maturity date: Perpetual bonds do not have a fixed maturity date, and the issuer is not obligated to repay the principal. Interest payments: Investors receive regular interest payments, usually semi-annually or annually, but the principal amount remains outstanding. High credit risk: Perpetual bonds are considered high-risk investments since the issuer may not repay the principal, and the investor may face credit risk. Subordinated debt: Perpetual bonds are often subordinated to other debt obligations, meaning they have a lower claim on assets and earnings. Callable: Some perpetual bonds may be callable, allowing the issuer to redeem the bonds at a specified price. Types of perpetual bonds: Fixed-Rate Perpetual Bonds: Offer a fixed interest rate throughout their existence. Floating-Rate Perpetual Bonds: Interest rates adjust periodically based on a reference rate (e.g., LIBOR). Convertible Perpetual Bonds: Can be converted into equity shares after a specified period. Hybrid Perpetual Bonds: Combine features of different bond types. Common Issuers: Financial Institutions: Banks and other financial entities use perps for capital management. Corporations: Especially those seeking long-term financing. Governments: To fund infrastructure projects or manage debt. Infrastructure Projects: Funding large-scale developments. Source: Business Standard NATIONAL COUNCIL OF APPLIED ECONOMIC RESEARCH (NCAER)  Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: Monthly Economic Review of the National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) for August acknowledges that the domestic economy remains resilient. Background: However, it highlighted moderation in certain high-frequency indicators, such as industrial output and core sectors’ performance in June. Key takeaways The National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) is India’s oldest and largest independent, non-profit economic policy research think tank. NCAER was established in 1956 in New Delhi. Its mission is to provide research-based policy solutions that help understand India’s rapid economic and social transformation as new and complex challenges emerge. Research Themes: National Growth and Macroeconomic Center: Analyzing growth trends and macro policies. Human Development and Data Innovation: Focusing on education, health, and data-driven insights. Investor Education and Protection Fund Chair Unit: Enhancing financial literacy and investor protection. Trade, Technology, and Skills: Addressing trade dynamics and skill development. Agriculture and Rural Development: Supporting sustainable rural growth. Centre for Health Policy and Systems: Advancing health policy research. NCAER’s contributions to Indian Economy: Rich Data and Evidence: NCAER gathers evidence through scientific surveys, panel surveys, and data collection. This rich data serves as a foundation for informed policy decisions, enabling evidence-based reforms and targeted interventions. Economic Analysis and Modelling: NCAER estimates demand, supply, income, investment, savings, and conducts macroeconomic modelling and forecasting. These analyses provide insights into economic trends, growth drivers, and potential policy impacts. Policy Research and Forums: NCAER hosts unique platforms for discussions, bringing together policymakers, industry leaders, and experts. These forums facilitate dialogue on critical economic issues, fostering evidence-based decision-making. Source: Money Control BUREAU OF POLICE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (BPR&D)  Syllabus Prelims & Mains : POLITY Context: The Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D) recently celebrated its 54th Foundation Day at its headquarters in New Delhi. Background: BPR&D plays a pivotal role in shaping policing practices and law enforcement strategies in India. About Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D) The Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D) is a premier research and development organization in the field of policing and law enforcement in India. It was established in 1970 under the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. It was established with a mandate to: Identify the needs and problems of the police in the country. Undertake research projects and studies, and suggest modalities to overcome problems and challenges and meet the needs and requirements of the police. Objectives: To promote excellence in policing and law enforcement To identify areas of improvement and develop strategies for modernization To conduct research and studies on policing and related issues To develop and disseminate best practices and standards To provide training and capacity-building programs for police personnel Functions: Research and studies on policing, crime, and law enforcement Development of training programs and materials Modernization of police forces and equipment International cooperation and collaboration Publication of journals, reports, and other resources Key areas of focus: Police reforms and modernization Crime prevention and control Cybercrime and digital forensics Counter-terrorism and internal security Human rights and police accountability Source: PIB Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) With reference to the Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D), consider the following statements: The Bureau of Police Research and Development is a premier research and development organization in the field of policing and law enforcement in India. It was established under the Ministry of Home Affairs. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q2.) With reference to the National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER), consider the following statements? The National Council of Applied Economic Research is a statutory body. Its mission is to provide research-based policy solutions that help understand India’s rapid economic and social transformation NCAER estimates demand, supply, income, investment, savings, and conducts macroeconomic modelling and forecasting. Which of the statements given above is/are not correct? 1 only 1 and 2 only 3 only 1,2 and 3 Q3.) With reference to the Perpetual bonds, consider the following statements: Perpetual bonds are a type of bond that has no maturity date. They are issued by companies or organizations to raise capital. The issuers of perpetual bond are not required to repay the principal amount. How many of the above given statements are correct? Only one Only two All three None Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  30th August 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  29th August – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) –  c Q.2) – c Q.3) – d

Aug 30, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 29th August 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   COMBINATION DRUGS  Syllabus Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: The government has banned 156 fixed-dose combination (FDC) drugs, including popular medicines such as Cheston Cold and Foracet, used for cold and fever and pain respectively. Background: – The ban is the most sweeping crackdown on FDCs since 2018, when 328 such drugs were banned. A total 499 FDCs have been banned since 2014. About Fixed-Dose Combination (FDC) drugs Definition: FDCs are medications that combine two or more active ingredients (chemical compounds in medicines that have an effect on the body) into a single pill, capsule, or injection. Purpose: Designed to simplify treatment for conditions like tuberculosis and diabetes, FDCs reduce the number of pills a patient needs, aiming to improve adherence to medication regimens. Examples: For instance, Cheston Cold combines paracetamol (for fever), cetirizine (for allergies), and phenylephrine (for nasal congestion). While this may be beneficial for allergy-related symptoms, it is unnecessary and potentially harmful for bacterial infections. Potential Risks: FDCs may include unnecessary drugs or components, leading to ineffective treatment or adverse effects. Excessive use of certain FDCs, particularly those containing antibiotics, can contribute to antibiotic resistance, making future infections harder to treat. Regulatory Actions: Reason for Ban: The ban targets irrational FDCs containing combinations that either do not work well together or are not needed. A significant concern is the misuse of antibiotics, which can lead to increased resistance. Market Impact: Despite previous bans, a 2023 study showed that the proportion of FDCs among antibiotics sold in India rose from 32.9% in 2008 to 37.3% in 2020. India has one of the highest numbers of FDCs globally, with many considered inappropriate. Pricing Issues: Companies sometimes use FDCs to bypass government price controls on essential medicines. Recent Government Action: The government is addressing irrational FDCs that were approved without comprehensive trials. Banned drugs were initially approved by various state licensing authorities without any trials for combinations because the ingredients were individually approved. New regulations from the 2019 Drugs and Clinical Trials Rules classify FDCs as new drugs, requiring approval from the central drug regulator, thereby reducing the presence of irrational combinations in the market. Source: Indian Express HIMACHAL PRADESH’S BILL RAISING WOMEN’S MINIMUM MARRIAGE AGE  Syllabus Mains GS-2 Context: The Himachal Pradesh Assembly on August 27, passed a Bill raising the minimum marriageable age for women from 18 to 21 years Background: – The Prohibition of Child Marriage (Himachal Pradesh Amendment) Bill, 2024, was passed by voice vote. It seeks to amend the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 (2006 Act) to advance gender equality and encourage higher education among women. Why was the Bill passed? Commitment to Women’s Welfare: Chief Minister Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu stated that the Bill reflects government’s dedication to improving the welfare of women. Himachal Pradesh is the first state in India to legislate the increase of the minimum marriage age for girls to 21 years. Educational and Health Concerns: Health Minister emphasized that early marriage hinders girls’ education and career progress, negatively impacts their physical development, and leads to early pregnancies, affecting women’s health. Gender Equality and Opportunities: The Bill aims to provide gender equality and enhance opportunities for higher education by increasing the minimum marriageable age for girls. Key Provisions: Redefinition of “Child”: Section Section 2(a) of the 2006 Act defines a “child” as someone “who, if male, has not completed twenty-one years of age, and if female, has not completed eighteen years of age.” The Bill removes this gender-based distinction, redefining a “child” as a male or female who has not completed 21 years of age. Extended Petition Period: Bill extends the time period for filing a petition to annul a marriage. Under Section 3 of the 2006 Act, an individual who was a minor at the time of marriage can file for annulment within two years of attaining majority —before turning 20 for women and 23 for men. The Bill extends this period to five years, allowing both women and men to file petitions before they turn 23. Precedence of the Bill: A new provision, Section 18A, has been introduced to ensure that the Bill’s provisions take precedence over all other existing laws. This means that the new minimum marriageable age for women will apply uniformly across Himachal Pradesh, regardless of any conflicting laws or religious and cultural practices. Why will the President’s Assent Be Required? Concurrent List Conflict: The Bill deals with marriage, a subject on the Concurrent List, where both central and state governments can legislate. Potential Conflict with Central Law: since the Bill introduces a different minimum marriageable age for women, its provisions will be deemed inconsistent with the 2006 Act —a law enacted by Parliament. Article 254: Under Article 254 of the Constitution, if state legislation contradicts central law, it becomes void unless the President’s assent is obtained. With the President’s assent, the state law will override the central law within Himachal Pradesh. Expert Opinions: Child and women’s rights activists argue that raising the minimum marriage age may increase parental control over young adults, especially in a patriarchal society. Potential Misuse of Law: Activists highlight that the existing law is often misused by parents to penalize daughters who marry against their wishes, and increasing the age to 21 could exacerbate this issue, leading to further persecution of young women. Such a legislative reform could also leave a vast majority of Indian women who marry before the age of 21 years without the legal protections that the institution of marriage otherwise provides. It is also likely to endanger the life and liberty of the marginalised communities exposing them to further brutal policing. The 2008 Law Commission Report recommended setting a uniform age of marriage for both men and women at 18 years. The National Human Rights Commission in 2018 too proposed a similar reform. Source: The Hindu JUSTICE VERMA PANEL AND DEATH PENALTY FOR RAPE  Syllabus Prelims: CURRENT EVENT Context: After the brutal rape and murder of a doctor on duty at Kolkata’s R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital on August 9, there has been a clamour of voices seeking the death penalty for the accused. Background: On December 23, 2012 a committee headed by Justice J.S. Verma, former Chief Justice of India, was constituted to recommend changes to the Criminal Law so as to provide for quicker trial and enhanced punishment for criminals accused of sexual assault. It was set up after the gang rape of a paramedic student in Delhi on December 16, 2012 (Nirbhaya). J.S Verma committee and aftermath The committee suggested that the death penalty is not an effective deterrent against serious crimes, but this was not considered. The Union Cabinet did not adopt the Justice Verma Committee’s recommendation against the death penalty when it cleared the ordinance on sexual assault. Amendments Introduced: Key amendments in 2013 included the death penalty for: Rape leading to death or a persistent vegetative state (Section 376A), Repeat offenders (Section 376E). In 2018, further changes introduced death as the maximum punishment for every participant in a gang rape when the victim is less than 12 years old (Section 376DB), and life-long imprisonment if the victim is less than 16 (Section 376DA). Under the new Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, punishment for rape is laid down in several Sections including 64, 65 and 70(2), which notes the punishment for gang rape of a woman under the age of 18 is the death penalty. Justice Verma Committee’s Recommendations: Enhanced Sentences for Rape: The committee proposed increasing sentences for rape from 7 years to 10 years, 20 years, and life imprisonment, stopping short of recommending the death penalty. Persistent Vegetative State: For cases causing a persistent vegetative state, the committee recommended rigorous imprisonment of no less than 20 years, or life imprisonment for the remainder of the perpetrator’s natural life. Death Penalty as a Myth: The committee highlighted evidence suggesting that the deterrent effect of the death penalty on serious crimes is a myth. According to the Working Group on Human Rights, the murder rate has declined consistently in India over the last 20 years despite the slowdown in the execution of death sentences since 1980. Stance on Marital Rape: Removal of Marital Rape Exception: The committee recommended removing the exception for marital rape, emphasizing that a relationship between the perpetrator and victim should not be a defense against rape. Government’s Response: The Union government did not accept this recommendation and refused to criminalize marital rape. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita retains the exception that sexual acts by a man with his wife (over 18 years old) are not considered rape. Gender Rights and Empowerment: Broader Empowerment of Women: The Verma Committee stressed that true empowerment extends beyond political equality to include social, educational, and economic equality. Importance of Law and Public Policy: The committee argued that law and public policy must engage with women’s rights, skills development, and insist on total equality in relationships with society and the state. Social Mindsets: The committee observed that correcting gender biases requires changes in social norms, led by societal leaders and supported by systemic changes in education and behavior. Source: Hindu NATIONAL MEDICAL REGISTER (NMR) PORTAL  Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: Union Health Minister recently launched the National Medical Register (NMR) Portal in New Delhi. Background: This initiative contributes to strengthening the digital healthcare ecosystem and ensuring quality healthcare for the people of India. About National Medical Register (NMR) National Medical Register (NMR) Portal facilitates the registration of MBBS doctors eligible for practice in India. It is mandated under Section 31 of the National Medical Commission (NMC) Act, 2019. The Ethics and Medical Registration Board (EMRB) maintains an electronic National Register containing doctors’ details. The NMR is linked with Aadhaar IDs, ensuring individual authenticity. Registration Process: Doctors register easily through a simple online process, and the portal interlinks medical colleges/institutions and State Medical Councils (SMCs). Key Features: Digital Registration: This is a web-based registration of all medical practitioners to facilitate the e-registration and issuance of certificates. Access to upload, view, update, and download related information. Accessible Database: Searchable authenticated computer-based NMR for easy access by the public on the website. This transparency helps patients verify the credentials of their doctors. Streamlined Processes: The portal simplifies the processes for registration and record management. Real-time Updates: As soon as information is verified and updated it shall be published in the system to be available to the public. Advantages of the NMR Portal Transparency and Accountability: The Portal will reduce the chances of preoccupation of fraud professionals as this one introduces interconnection of information of state medical councils with one another. Patient Empowerment: Patients can easily verify the credentials of their healthcare providers, fostering trust and confidence in the medical system. Efficiency in Administration: The digital platform significantly reduces administrative bottlenecks, enabling quicker processing of registrations and renewals. Data Integration: The portal integrates data from various state medical councils, providing a unified and centralized register of medical practitioners. Impact on Healthcare Governance The project integration of this new phase of NMR was designed within the frame of the Digital India scheme. It not only enhances administrative efficiency but also helps in maintaining high standards of medical practice by ensuring that only qualified professionals are registered. Source: PIB This is box title  Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: The Maharashtra government has officially designated the ancient geoglyphs and petroglyphs in Ratnagiri as “protected monuments” under the Maharashtra Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1960. Background: These remarkable artifacts date back to the Mesolithic era and depict various animals. Key takeaways A geoglyph refers to a design that is drawn on the earth. Geoglyphs are typically formed of durable elements of the landscape, such as stones, gravel, or earth. A geoglyph is usually longer than four metres. Geoglyphs are difficult to see or even identify on the ground but are easily appreciated when seen from the sky. Different types of Geoglyphs Positive Geoglyphs: These are created by arranging and aligning materials on the ground to form specific shapes or patterns. Petroforms, which use boulders or stones, fall into this category. Positive geoglyphs can be quite intricate and are often best appreciated from an aerial perspective. Negative Geoglyphs: In contrast, negative geoglyphs involve removing part of the natural ground surface to create distinct patterns. Similar to petroglyphs (which are carvings on rock surfaces), negative geoglyphs reveal differently coloured or textured ground. They can be found in various landscapes around the world. Arborglyphs: These unique geoglyphs rely on living plants. By carefully seeding and nurturing specific vegetation, people create designs that become visible over time. The patience required for arborglyphs is remarkable, as the design gradually emerges as the plants grow. Chalk Giants: These geoglyphs are carved into hillsides, exposing the underlying bedrock. The Uffington White Horse and the Cerne Giant in southern England are excellent examples of chalk giants. Petroglyphs Petroglyphs are fascinating rock carvings created by removing part of a rock surface through incising, pecking, carving, or abrading. These ancient images hold cultural and religious significance for the societies that made them. Source: Times of India PLEA BARGAINING  Syllabus Prelims & Mains : POLITY Context: A recent report by the Ministry of Law and Justice has revealed that nearly two decades after plea bargaining was introduced, its application in India remains minimal. Background: While plea bargaining remains underutilized, efforts to raise awareness and improve its implementation are crucial for achieving more efficient justice delivery in India. About Plea bargaining Plea bargaining is a legal process in the Indian criminal justice system that allows for the negotiation and resolution of criminal cases between the accused (the defendant) and the prosecution (the state) without a full trial. Plea Bargaining was introduced in India in an attempt to streamline the judicial system and reduce the burden on India’s overloaded courts. It aims to expedite case resolution and promote efficiency by encouraging defendants to plead guilty in exchange for more lenient sentencing or other benefits. Plea Bargaining in India: In India, plea bargaining is governed by the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, which incorporated it in 2005. Under the Indian legal system, plea bargaining is available for offenses that are punishable with imprisonment for a term of seven years or less. The accused person must voluntarily opt for plea bargaining, and the court must be satisfied that the plea has been made voluntarily and with full knowledge of its consequences. Plea bargaining can take place at any stage of the criminal justice process, from the initial charge to the trial itself. The process of plea bargaining in India is initiated by the accused by filing an application before the court expressing his willingness to plead guilty. The court will then examine the application and may allow or reject it based on the facts and circumstances of the case. If the court allows the application, it will refer the matter to the prosecutor for further negotiations. During the negotiation process, the prosecutor may offer a reduced sentence or some other concession in exchange for the accused’s guilty plea. The accused may accept or reject the offer, and if accepted, the court will record the plea of guilt and pronounce the sentence as per the terms of the plea-bargaining agreement. The court has the discretion to accept or reject the plea-bargaining agreement if it deems it to be unjust, unreasonable, or contrary to the interest of justice. Additionally, if the accused breaches the terms of the plea-bargaining agreement, the court may set aside the agreement and proceed with the trial. The accused has the right to withdraw the plea at any time before the court pronounces the sentence. If the plea is withdrawn, the trial continues as if the plea-bargaining process had not occurred. Once the sentence is pronounced, it becomes final, and the accused cannot appeal against it except on the grounds of manifest injustice. Types of Plea Bargaining: Charge Bargaining: The defendant pleads guilty to a lesser offense than the one originally charged. Sentence Bargaining: The defendant pleads guilty in exchange for a specific sentence recommendation. Fact Bargaining: The defendant admits to certain facts in exchange for leniency. Count Bargaining: The defendant pleads guilty to some charges while others are dismissed. Alford Plea: The defendant maintains innocence but acknowledges that there is enough evidence for conviction. No Contest Plea: The defendant neither admits nor denies guilt but accepts punishment. Source: Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) With reference to the National Medical Register (NMR) Portal, consider the following statements? National Medical Register Portal facilitates the registration of MBBS doctors eligible for practice in India. It is mandated under the National Medical Commission (NMC) Act, 2019. The Portal will reduce the chances of preoccupation of fraud professionals as this one introduces interconnection of information of state medical councils with one another. How many of the statements given above are correct? Only one Only two All three None Q2.) With reference to the geoglyph, consider the following statements: A geoglyph is a design drawn on the earth. Geoglyphs are typically formed of durable elements of the landscape, such as stones, gravel, or earth. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q3.) With reference to the Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES), consider the following statements: It is a severe form of encephalitis caused primarily by mosquito-borne viruses, characterized by high fever and brain inflammation. When inflammation is caused by an infection in the brain, it is known as infectious encephalitis. Which of the statements given above is /are not correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  29th August 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  28th August – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) –  c Q.2) – b Q.3) – d

Aug 30, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 30th August 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

Aug 29, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 28th August 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   IMD’S COLOUR-CODED WEATHER ALERTS  Syllabus Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: IMD issued ‘red alert’ in Gujarat due to heavy rainfall and severe waterlogging. Background: – India Meteorological Department (IMD) issues colour-coded weather alerts from time to time. These keep citizens informed and help in greater preparedness About colour coded warnings ‘Green’ stands for ‘No warning’: no action needs to be taken by the authorities, and the forecast is of light to moderate rain. According to the weather department, 15.6 mm to 64.4 mm rain is considered “moderate”. ‘Yellow’ alert signifies “Watch”, and authorities are advised to “Be updated” on the situation. According to the weather department, 64.5 mm to 115.5 mm rain is considered “heavy”. ‘Orange’ warning stands for “Alert”, and authorities are expected to “Be prepared”. The forecast during an Orange warning is of heavy to very heavy rainfall. According to IMD, 115.6 mm to 204.4 mm rain is considered “very heavy”. ‘Red’ alert stands for “Warning”, and asks authorities to “Take action”. The forecast is for extremely heavy rainfall. According to IMD, more than 204.5 mm rain is considered “extremely heavy”. Additional Information India’s weather forecasting capabilities are set for a major upgrade with a new mission, boasting a budget of at least Rs 10,000 crore. This initiative will surpass the Monsoon Mission launched in 2012, which significantly enhanced the India Meteorological Department’s (IMD) infrastructure and capabilities. Unlike previous upgrades that concentrated on infrastructure improvements, the new mission will focus on developing advanced computer simulation models tailored for India and incorporating climate change scenarios. It will also enhance the deployment of sophisticated instruments such as Doppler radars and integrate artificial intelligence and machine learning into weather forecasting. India currently operates three meteorological satellites—INSAT-3D, INSAT-3DR, and INSAT-3DS. With INSAT-3D and INSAT-3DR nearing the end of their mission lives, and INSAT-3DS recently launched, the next-generation INSAT-4 series satellites are in development. These new satellites will feature cutting-edge technology for high-resolution data essential for improving weather forecasts. Source: Indian Express TWO-NEW US-INDIA AGREEMENTS  Syllabus Mains GS-2 Context: India and the US have signed a Security of Supply Arrangement (SOSA) and Memorandum of Agreement regarding the Assignment of Liaison Officers. Background: – Defence Minister Rajnath Singh concluded his four-day official visit to US on August 25. Key takeaways: During Defence Minister Rajnath Singh’s recent four-day visit, India and the US agreed to advance key co-production projects under the 2023 US-India Roadmap for Defence Industrial Cooperation. These projects include jet engines, unmanned platforms, munitions, and ground mobility systems. Two new agreements SOSA (Support for One Another): Under SOSA, the US and India will provide reciprocal priority support to each other for goods and services that promote national defence. It will enable both countries to acquire the industrial resources they need from one another to resolve unanticipated supply chain disruptions to meet national security needs. India becomes the 18th partner in this initiative. While SOSA is a significant mechanism for strengthening interoperability with US defense trade partners, it is non-binding. US Department of Defense (DoD) has been working to conclude another agreement with India, the Reciprocal Defence Procurement (RDP) Agreement, which will be binding. MoU on Liaison Officers: The new Memorandum of Agreement on the Assignment of Liaison Officers builds on a previous decision to enhance information-sharing between India and the US. This agreement will see Indian armed forces officers posted to key US Commands, starting with the deployment of a Liaison Officer to the US Special Operations Command headquarters in Florida. The roadmap for defence industrial cooperation, released last year, anticipated the completion of SOSA and the RDP Agreement. Additionally, the US-India initiative on Critical and Emerging Technology (iCET), aims to expand strategic technology partnerships and defense industrial cooperation. In 2023, during Prime Minister Modi’s official visit to the US, the DoD and Ministry of Defence launched the India-US Defence Acceleration Ecosystem (INDUS-X), to take forward the commitment to build a defence innovation bridge under iCET. Additional Information: In 2002, India and the US signed the General Security of Military Information Agreement (GSOMIA) to facilitate military information sharing. Four more agreements were signed between 2016 and 2020. In 2016, the US designated India as a Major Defence Partner. This status led to India’s elevation to Strategic Trade Authorisation Tier 1 in 2018, granting it license-free access to various military and dual-use technologies regulated by the US Department of Commerce. The Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement (LEMOA) of 2016 established the framework for reciprocal logistic support, supplies, and services between the two militaries. In 2018, the Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement (COMCASA), an India-specific version of the CISMOA, was signed to secure military communications and facilitate the use of advanced US defense systems by India. The Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement (BECA) of 2020 was designed to facilitate the sharing of military information, including maps, nautical charts, and other unclassified data. Source: Indian Express THE GAGANYAAN MISSION  Syllabus Prelims: CURRENT EVENT Context: Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) finalises the design of skull for the humanoid on Gaganyaan mission. Background: Before launching astronauts on the Gaganyaan mission, ISRO will send a humanoid robot, Vyommitra, into space to test spacecraft safety. Key takeaways The humanoid’s skull, designed at ISRO’s Thiruvananthapuram unit, weighs 800 grams and measures 200 mm x 220 mm, made from a high-strength aluminum alloy to endure pressure and vibration. Vyommitra will resemble the upper human body, featuring movable arms, face, and neck equipped with sensors to perform human-like functions and assess the impacts of space travel. Ahead of putting an actual human into space, several studies are done using humanoids. They collect vital data on the impacts of space travel on human bodies, enabling scientists to design the space capsule for a safe and comfortable flight. India’s Gaganyaan mission, aimed at sending humans into space, is slated for next year. Before this, two uncrewed preparatory missions—Gaganyaan-1 (G1) and Gaganyaan-2 (G2)—will be conducted, with G1 scheduled for December. G1 will primarily test the spacecraft’s safe re-entry and orientation upon splashing down at sea. G2 will carry the robot Vyommitra inside the human-rated crew module to simulate astronaut conditions and record flight parameters for human impact studies. The main Gaganyaan mission will launch three Indian astronauts into space, about 400 km above Earth, for a three-day mission. Additional Information The Gaganyaan mission is India’s first manned space flight that is currently scheduled for next year. Only three countries — the United States, Russia and China — have sent human spaceflights till now, though over 600 astronauts, including over 70 women, from close to 50 different countries have gone into space. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) had started planning for a human spaceflight mission way back in 2004 but the real possibilities opened up only after the success of Chandrayaan and Mangalyaan missions, and the development of the GSLV rocket in the last one decade. The Gaganyaan mission was originally scheduled for a launch in 2022, to coincide with 75 years of India’s independence, but that schedule got derailed because of the Covid pandemic. Source: Indian Express LITHIUM MINING IN ATACAMA  Syllabus Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context:  The Atacama salt flat in Chile is experiencing subsidence due to lithium mining. Background: According to a study by the University of Chile, the salt flat is sinking at a rate of 1 to 2 centimeters (0.4 to 0.8 inches) annually because of lithium brine extraction. About Lithium Lithium (symbol: Li) is a chemical element with atomic number 3. It belongs to the alkali metal group and is highly reactive. Lithium Triangle held approximately 54% of the world’s lithium reserves. The Lithium Triangle spans the southwestern corner of South America. It encompasses parts of Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile. Lithium is found in various forms, including minerals, brines, and ores. The Atacama salt flat in Chile is a significant source of lithium due to its high lithium content in brine. Brine extraction involves pumping salt-rich water to the surface, where it evaporates in ponds, leaving behind concentrated lithium salts. Environmental impact of lithium mining in the Atacama region: Water Scarcity: Brine Evaporation Method: In the Atacama Desert, miners extract lithium from brines found beneath salt flats. This method is highly water-intensive. Massive Ponds: Miners pump salty lithium-containing water (brine) into massive ponds, where it takes years for the evaporation process to separate the lithium. Scarce Water Resources: Unfortunately, this technique drains already scarce water resources, exacerbating the region’s water crisis. Community Hardships: Privatization of Minerals and Water: A legacy of the Pinochet era in Chile is the privatization of minerals and water. Companies have ownership rights over these resources. Access to Potable Water: As mining operations intensify, communities lose access to potable water. They now rely on water tankers for survival. Ecological Impacts: Native Species: Around 80% of the salt flats’ animal species are native. The region is critical for migratory birds. Reduced water levels affect species like flamingos. Wetlands Damage: The mining process harms wetlands, affecting ecosystems and wildlife. Chemical Contamination: Sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide used in extraction can contaminate soil and water. Source: Reuters RHUMI-1  Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: India has successfully launched its first reusable hybrid rocket, RHUMI-1. Background: The launch took place from Thiruvidandhai in Chennai. About RHUMI- 1 RHUMI-1 is India’s first reusable hybrid rocket, launched by a Tamil Nadu-based startup called Space Zone India. The mission is led by Anand Megalingam from Space Zone India under the guidance of Dr. Mylswamy Annadurai, former Director of ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC). It is capable of reaching altitudes between 1km and 500km. Mission Objectives: The rocket carried three CUBE satellites, designed to monitor atmospheric conditions such as cosmic radiation intensity, UV radiation, and air quality. Additionally, it deployed 50 Pico satellites to investigate various atmospheric factors, including accelerometer readings, altitude, and ozone levels, contributing to our understanding of environmental dynamics. Hybrid Propulsion System: RHUMI-1 stands out for its innovative hybrid propulsion system, which combines the advantages of both liquid and solid fuels. This technology promises improved efficiency and reduced operational costs, making space exploration more accessible. Ecofriendly feature: RHUMI-1 is equipped with a CO2-triggered parachute system. This is an eco-friendly and cost-effective method that ensures the safe recovery of rocket components post-launch. Beyond space exploration, the applications of RHUMI-1 extend to sectors like agriculture, disaster management, and environmental monitoring. Environmental Impact: RHUMI-1’s reusability reduces the financial burden of space exploration and minimizes its environmental impact. Source: New Indian Express This is box title  Syllabus Prelims : CURRENT EVENT Context: Recently, there has been a sharp increase in Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) cases in Gujarat. Background: Ahmedabad city alone has reported 12 AES cases, with half of them resulting in fatalities. Health officials are closely monitoring the situation, and measures are being taken to manage and investigate the outbreak. About Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) is a severe form of encephalitis caused primarily by mosquito-borne viruses, characterized by high fever and brain inflammation. Acute Encephalitis Syndrome is an umbrella term used for infections that cause inflammation, irritation, or swelling in the brain. It is characterized by an acute onset of fever and clinical neurological manifestations such as mental confusion, disorientation, delirium, convulsions, or coma. AES can be caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) or other infectious and non-infectious factors. Encephalitis can sometimes lead to death. Getting diagnosed and treated right away is important because it’s hard to predict how encephalitis may affect each person. Causes of encephalitis: When inflammation is caused by an infection in the brain, it is known as infectious encephalitis. And when it is caused by the immune system attacking the brain, it known as autoimmune encephalitis. Sometimes there is no known cause. World Health Organisation (WHO) introduced the term AES to denote a group of similar diseases. How can AES be prevented? Vaccination Proper sanitation facilities Increasing access to safe drinking water. Improve the nutritional status of children who are at risk of AES Preventive measures should be directed at reducing the overall mosquito density. Personal protection against mosquito bites by using mosquito nets that are treated with insecticide is recommended. Other methods like wearing fully covered, loose-fitting clothes or use of repellents, etc. need to be adopted to avoid mosquito bites. The transmission risk increases when animal sheds (especially piggeries) and human dwellings are situated very close to each other. Vaccination: As per the guidelines of the Government of India, two doses of the JE/AES vaccine have been approved to be given. One with the measles vaccine at 9 months of age and the second with the DPT booster at 16-24 months of age. Source: WHO Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Consider the following countries: Argentina Bolivia Chile Venezuela How many of the above-mentioned countries are the part of lithium triangle? Only one Only two Only three All four Q2.) With reference to the RHUMI-1, consider the following statements: RHUMI-1 is India’s first reusable hybrid rocket launched by ISRO. The rocket carried three CUBE satellites, designed to monitor atmospheric conditions such as cosmic radiation intensity, UV radiation, and air quality. Its hybrid propulsion system combines the advantages of both liquid and solid fuels. How many of the statements given above are correct? Only one Only two All three None Q3.) With reference to the Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES), consider the following statements: It is a severe form of encephalitis caused primarily by mosquito-borne viruses, characterized by high fever and brain inflammation. When inflammation is caused by an infection in the brain, it is known as infectious encephalitis. Which of the statements given above is /are not correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  28th August 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  27th August – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) –  b Q.2) – c Q.3) – d

Aug 29, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 29th August 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

Aug 28, 2024 IASbaba's Monthly Current Affairs Magazine

[CURRENT AFFAIRS] IAS UPSC REVAMPED Current Affairs Magazine July 2024

Archives Hello Friends, This is July 2024 of IASbaba’s REVAMPED Current Affairs Monthly Magazine. Current Affairs for UPSC Civil Services Examination is an important factor in this preparation. An effort towards making your Current Affairs for IAS UPSC Preparation qualitative. We hope you make the best use of it! This edition covers all Important current affairs issues that were in the news for the month of July 2024. Kindly leave your feedback in the comment section below on the new design and presentation of the magazine. We would love to hear from you! Download The Magazine - July 2024 Important Topics Covered In The Magazine Includes: NATIONAL MEDICAL COMMISSION SHANGHAI CORPORATION ORGANISATION SHIGELLA INFECTION ZOMBIE STARTUPS BLUE LINE FRONTIER DARK OXYGEN KALARIPAYATTU And Much More..... Download The Magazine - July 2024

Aug 28, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 28th August 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

Aug 27, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 27th August 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   THE ROAD TO 2047 FOR INDIAN AGRICULTURE  Syllabus Mains: GS-3 Context: India’s goal of becoming a developed nation by 2047 hinges on transforming its agricultural sector through sustainable practices, technological innovations, and strategic government initiatives. Background: – A key factor in achieving the goal of developed nation status by 2047 is a sixfold increase in per capita Gross National Income (GNI). What is agriculture? Agriculture is the science, art, and practice of cultivating the soil, growing crops, and raising animals to produce food, fiber, and other products essential for human life. It encompasses a wide range of activities, including: Crop Cultivation, Animal Husbandry, Horticulture, Agroforestry, Aquaculture. Agriculture sector of India: India is one of the major players in the agriculture sector worldwide and it is the primary source of livelihood for ~43% of India’s population. India has the world’s largest cattle herd (buffaloes), the largest area planted for wheat, rice, and cotton, and is the largest producer of milk, pulses, and spices in the world. It is the second-largest producer of fruit, vegetables, tea, farmed fish, cotton, sugarcane, wheat, rice, cotton, and sugar. Contribution of Agriculral Sector to Indian Economy (Data from the Economic Survey 2023-24) : GDP Contribution: The agriculture sector contributed approximately 7% to India’s Gross Value Added (GVA) at current prices in FY 2024. Growth Rate: The sector recorded an average annual growth rate of 18% over the past five years. However, in FY 2024, the growth rate slowed to 1.4% due to delayed and poor monsoons. Employment: Agriculture provides livelihood support to about 3% of the population. Exports: India recorded agricultural exports worth $50.2 billion, marking a 20% increase from the previous year. Challenges Facing Indian Agriculture: Fragmented Landholdings: Around 89.4% of agricultural households own less than two hectares of land, leading to inefficiencies and low productivity. Climate Change: Erratic monsoon patterns and rising temperatures disrupt crop yields and farming schedules. Water Scarcity: Over-exploitation of groundwater and inadequate irrigation infrastructure limit productivity. Market Inefficiencies: Lack of access to well-developed markets and fair pricing affects farmers. Middlemen and complex supply chains lead to price gaps. Inadequate Storage and Transportation: Poor storage infrastructure and transportation networks result in significant post-harvest losses. Limited Access to Credit and Insurance: Small farmers struggle to access affordable credit and crop insurance. Soil Degradation: Overuse of chemical fertilizers and inadequate soil conservation practices lead to soil degradation. Government Initiatives: Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY): Provides financial assistance to farmers in case of crop loss due to natural calamities. Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN): Offers direct income support to farmers, providing ₹6,000 annually to over 11.8 crore farmers. Soil Health Card (SHC) Scheme: Aims to improve soil health by providing farmers with information on nutrient status and recommendations for soil amendments. Agriculture Infrastructure Fund: Supports the development of infrastructure for post-harvest management. Electronic National Agriculture Market (eNAM): Integrates markets through an electronic platform, enhancing market access for farmers. National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA): Focuses on enhancing agricultural productivity, especially in rainfed areas, through integrated farming, water use efficiency, and soil health management. Source: National Council of Applied Economic Research BIOE3 POLICY (BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR ECONOMY, ENVIRONMENT, AND EMPLOYMENT)  Syllabus Mains: GS-3 Context: The Union Cabinet has recently approved the BioE3 Policy (Biotechnology for Economy, Environment, and Employment) to boost biotechnology manufacturing in India. Background: – The BioE3 Policy aims to address critical societal challenges and seize opportunities in the biotechnology sector. This initiative aims to revolutionize the biotech sector, similar to the IT boom of the 1990s. BioE3 Policy (Biotechnology for Economy, Environment, and Employment) The BioE3 Policy (Biotechnology for Economy, Environment, and Employment) is a transformative initiative by the Indian government aimed at leveraging biotechnology to drive economic growth, environmental sustainability, and job creation. Key Features: High-Performance Biomanufacturing: Focuses on producing products through advanced biotechnological processes, including medicines, materials, and bio-based products for agriculture and industry. Strategic Thematic Sectors: The policy covers six thematic areas: Bio-based chemicals, biopolymers, and enzymes Smart proteins and functional foods Precision biotherapeutics Climate-resilient agriculture Carbon capture and utilization Marine and space research Innovation and R&D: Promotes innovation-driven research and development (R&D) and entrepreneurship across these sectors. Capacity Building: Supports the creation of internships for students and fellowships for graduate and post-graduate research. Sustainable Growth: Prioritizes regenerative bioeconomy models of green growth, promoting a circular bioeconomy to address climate change and environmental sustainability. Expected Impacts: Economic Growth: By fostering innovation in biotechnology, the policy aims to drive economic growth through the development of new products, technologies, and processes that can be commercialized. Job Creation: Establishing biomanufacturing and bio-AI hubs is expected to create substantial employment opportunities. Environmental Benefits: The focus on sustainable practices and the circular bioeconomy will help mitigate climate change and promote environmental conservation. Global Competitiveness: The policy aims to position India as a global leader in biotechnology, enhancing its competitiveness in the international market. Health and Agriculture: Advancements in precision biotherapeutics and climate-resilient agriculture will improve healthcare outcomes and agricultural productivity. Conclusion: BioE3 Policy will further strengthen Government’s initiatives such as ‘Net Zero’ carbon economy & ‘Lifestyle for Environment’ and will steer India on the path of accelerated ‘Green Growth’ by promoting ‘Circular Bioeconomy’. Source: The Hindu PRIME MINISTER’S VISIT TO UKRAINE  Syllabus Mains: GS-2 Context: Prime Minister Modi’s recent visit to Kyiv highlights India’s strategic balancing act in the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict. This visit comes just six weeks after his trip to Moscow, where he met with Russian President Vladimir Putin. Background: In Kyiv, Modi held talks with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, emphasizing India’s call for diplomacy and dialogue to resolve the conflict. This move underscores India’s non-alignment policy, aiming to maintain strong relations with both Russia and Ukraine while advocating for peace and stability. India Ukraine Relations India-Ukraine relations have evolved significantly since the establishment of diplomatic ties in 1992. India recognized Ukraine as a sovereign nation in December 1991, shortly after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Diplomatic relations were formally established in January 1992. Key Areas of Cooperation: Economic and Trade Relations: Trade Volume: Bilateral trade has grown, with India being one of Ukraine’s largest trading partners in Asia. Key imports from Ukraine include chemicals and machinery, while India exports pharmaceuticals, tea, and spices. Agriculture: Ukraine has been a significant supplier of sunflower oil to India. Defence Cooperation: Military Equipment: Ukraine has been a crucial supplier of military technology and equipment to India. This includes the sale and maintenance of weapons and upgrades of existing systems. Recent Agreements: In 2021, Ukraine signed agreements worth $70 million with India for defence cooperation. Education: Indian Students: A large number of Indian students, particularly in the fields of medicine and engineering, study in Ukrainian universities. Cultural Exchange: Cultural Associations: There are numerous Ukrainian cultural associations in India promoting Indian culture, including dance and music. Recent Developments Prime Minister Modi’s Visit: In August 2024, Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Ukraine, marking the first visit by an Indian Prime Minister to the country, since diplomatic relations were established between the two countries in the year 1992. This visit aimed to strengthen bilateral ties and included the signing of agreements in agriculture, humanitarian aid, and cultural cooperation. Strategic Autonomy: India’s approach to the Russia-Ukraine conflict has been to maintain strategic autonomy, advocating for peaceful resolution through dialogue and diplomacy. India’s Stand on the Russia-Ukraine Conflict India has maintained a neutral stance, emphasizing the need for dialogue and diplomacy to resolve the conflict. This approach reflects India’s broader foreign policy of non-alignment and strategic autonomy. Source: PIB UNIFIED PENSION SCHEME (UPS)  Syllabus Prelims & Mains: CURRENT EVENT Context: The Indian government recently introduced the Unified Pension Scheme (UPS), which marks a significant shift from the National Pension System (NPS) that was implemented in 2004. Background: – This new scheme aims to balance fiscal responsibility with the need to provide adequate retirement benefits to government employees. Unified Pension Scheme (UPS) The Unified Pension Scheme (UPS) is a new pension policy introduced by the Ministry of Finance. It aims to provide enhanced financial security for central government employees. The UPS is set to come into effect from April 1, 2025. This scheme aims to provide a more secure and predictable retirement for government employees, ensuring they have financial stability in their post-retirement years. Key Features: Assured Pension: Employees with at least 25 years of service will receive a pension equivalent to 50% of their average basic pay over the last 12 months before retirement. Family Pension: In the event of an employee’s death, their family will receive a pension worth 60% of the employee’s last drawn pension. Minimum Pension: There is a guaranteed minimum pension of ₹10,000 per month. Lump-Sum Payment: Employees will receive a lump-sum payment at retirement, calculated as 1/10th of their last drawn monthly pay (including DA) for every six months of service completed. Inflation Protection: Both the assured pension and the family pension will be indexed to inflation, ensuring they rise with the cost of living. Eligibility: Minimum Service: Employees must have completed at least 10 years of service to be eligible for the pension. Full Benefits: To receive the full benefits, employees need to have at least 25 years of service. Benefits: Financial Security: Provides a predictable and stable income post-retirement. Family Support: Ensures financial support for the family in case of the employee’s demise. Inflation Adjustment: Keeps pace with the cost of living, protecting the purchasing power of retirees. Difference from National Pension System (NPS): Pension Amount: UPS guarantees a fixed pension amount (50% of the average basic pay for 25 years of service), whereas NPS is market-linked and does not guarantee a fixed pension. Contributions: In NPS, contributions are invested in market-linked securities like equities, making the final pension amount dependent on market performance. UPS offers a defined benefit similar to the Old Pension Scheme (OPS) but with contributions from both employees and the government. Choice: Employees can choose between continuing with NPS or switching to UPS, but the choice, once made, is final. Source: Livemint POLYGRAPH TEST  Syllabus Prelims & Mains: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) recently conducted a polygraph test on Sanjay Roy, the main suspect in the Kolkata doctor rape-murder case. Background: – The test was carried out to evaluate his credibility during the ongoing investigation. About polygraph test A polygraph test, commonly known as a lie detector test, is a method used to measure and record physiological responses that occur when a person is asked specific questions. Purpose: The primary purpose of a polygraph test is to determine whether a person is being truthful or deceptive. It is used in various contexts, including: Criminal Investigations: To verify the truthfulness of suspects or witnesses. Employment Screening: Particularly in sensitive positions such as law enforcement or national security. Civil Matters: To resolve disputes or verify claims in non-criminal cases. How It Works? Physiological Measurements: The test measures physiological responses such as heart rate, blood pressure, respiration rate, and skin conductivity. Questioning Techniques: Various questioning techniques are used, such as the Control Question Test (CQT), which compares responses to relevant questions with control questions. Analysis: Examiners analyze the physiological responses to infer whether the person is being truthful or deceptive. Legal Context in India: The Supreme Court of India’s judgment in Selvi & Ors vs State of Karnataka & Anr (2010) outlines the legal framework for administering polygraph tests: Consent: Polygraph tests can only be conducted with the accused’s informed consent. Legal Counsel: The accused must have access to legal counsel and be fully informed about the test’s implications. Documentation: Consent must be documented before a judicial magistrate. Guidelines: The National Human Rights Commission’s guidelines for polygraph tests must be strictly followed. Admissibility: Information obtained through a voluntarily consented polygraph test can be admitted in court. Effectiveness and Criticism: Despite their use, polygraph tests are often criticized for their reliability. Many experts argue that there is little evidence to support the accuracy of polygraph tests in detecting lies. Factors such as anxiety, medical conditions, or countermeasures can affect the results, making it difficult to distinguish between truthfulness and deception. Source: Indian Express VIGYAN DHARA SCHEME  Syllabus Prelims: CURRENT EVENT Context: The Union Cabinet recently approved the continuation of three umbrella schemes merged into a unified central sector scheme called “Vigyan Dhara” under the Department of Science and Technology (DST). Background: – The merger of schemes is expected to improve fund utilization and synchronization among sub-schemes. About Vigyan Dhara Scheme The Vigyan Dhara Scheme is a unified central sector scheme under the Department of Science and Technology (DST). This scheme aims to bolster India’s scientific and technological capabilities with a significant outlay of ₹10,579.84 crore for the period from 2021 to 2026. It merges three umbrella schemes to streamline and enhance the efficiency of science and technology initiatives in India. Sub schemes: Science and Technology (S&T) Institutional and Human Capacity Building: Focuses on strengthening institutions and building a critical human resource pool in the field of science and technology. Research and Development (R&D): Promotes research activities across various scientific domains, including basic research and translational research in areas like sustainable energy and water. Research and development component of the scheme will be aligned with the Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF). ANRF has been established under ANRF Act, 2023 to seed, grow and promote R&D and foster a culture of research and innovation throughout India’s universities, colleges, research institutions, and R&D laboratories. Innovation, Technology Development, and Deployment: Encourages innovation and the practical application of new technologies, supporting industries and startups through targeted interventions. Benefits: Efficiency: Improved fund utilization and synchronization among sub-schemes. Capacity Building: Enhanced institutional and human capacities in S&T. Research Enhancement: Promotion of research and innovation to strengthen the S&T ecosystem. Gender Parity: Focused interventions to increase women’s participation in S&T. Collaboration: Increased collaboration between academia, government, and industries. Vision 2047: Aligns with the vision of Viksit Bharat 2047, aiming for a developed India by 2047. Source: India Today Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) With reference to the Vigyan Dhara Scheme, consider the following statements: The Vigyan Dhara Scheme is a unified central sector scheme under the Ministry of Education. It focuses on strengthening institutions and building a critical human resource pool in the field of science and technology. It aligns with the vision of Viksit Bharat 2047, aiming for a developed India by 2047. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 3 only 1,2 and 3 Q2.) Consider the following statements: A polygraph test is a method used to measure and record physiological responses that occur when a person is asked specific questions. The test measures physiological responses such as heart rate, blood pressure, respiration rate, and skin conductivity. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 & 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q3.) With reference to the Unified Pension Scheme (UPS), consider the following statements: The Unified Pension Scheme (UPS) is introduced by the Ministry of Finance. It aims to provide enhanced financial security for central government employees. Employees with at least 25 years of service will receive a pension equivalent to 50% of their average basic pay over the last 12 months before retirement. There is a guaranteed minimum pension of ₹10,000 per month. How many of the statements given above are correct? Only one Only two Only three All four Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  27th August 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  26th August – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) –  a Q.2) – b Q.3) – c

Aug 26, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 26th August 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   JAL JEEVAN MISSION (JJM)  Syllabus Mains -GS 2 Context: The Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM), launched in 2019, has recently completed five years. Background: – The Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on August 15, 2019, with the goal of providing tap water supply to every rural household by 2024. At the time of its inception, only 3.23 crore (17%) of rural households had tap water connections. Progress Under the Jal Jeevan Mission (as of August 14, 2024): As of August 12, 2024, the Jal Jeevan Mission has successfully provided tap water connections to 11.82 crore additional rural households, bringing the total coverage to more than 15.07 crore households, which accounts for 77.98% of all rural households in India. This milestone has significantly impacted rural lives by providing reliable access to potable water at home. Household Coverage:07 crore (77.98%) of rural households have been provided with tap water connections. ‘Har Ghar Jal’ Status: Achieved in 188 districts, 1,838 blocks, 1,09,996 Gram Panchayats, and 2,33,209 villages. JE-AES Affected Regions: Over 2.35 crore households (79.21%) in Japanese Encephalitis (JE)-Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) affected districts now have access to clean tap water. States/UTs with 100% Coverage: Goa, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Dadra Nagar Haveli & Daman Diu, Haryana, Telangana, Puducherry, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Mizoram, and Arunachal Pradesh. Schools and Anganwadi Centers: 9,27,421 schools and 9,63,955 Anganwadi centers have been provided with tap water supply. The broad objectives of the Jal Jeevan Mission include: Providing Functional Household Tap Connection (FHTC) to every rural household. Prioritizing FHTC provision in quality-affected areas, drought-prone regions, desert areas, and Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY) villages. Ensuring functional tap connections in schools, Anganwadi centers, gram panchayat buildings, health and wellness centers, and community buildings. Monitoring the functionality of tap connections. Promoting voluntary ownership among the local community through contributions in cash, kind, or labor (shramdaan). Ensuring the sustainability of water supply systems, including water sources, infrastructure, and funding for regular operations and maintenance. Empowering and developing human resources in the water sector, covering construction, plumbing, electrical work, water quality management, water treatment, catchment protection, and more. Raising awareness about the significance of safe drinking water and involving stakeholders to make water everyone’s responsibility. Components supported under JJM: Development of in-village piped water supply infrastructure to provide tap water connections to every rural household. Development and augmentation of reliable drinking water sources to ensure long-term sustainability. Bulk water transfer, treatment plants, and distribution networks where necessary. Technological interventions for contaminant removal in areas with water quality issues. Retrofitting of ongoing and completed schemes to provide FHTCs at a minimum service level of 55 liters per capita per day (lpcd). Greywater management. Support activities such as Information, Education, and Communication (IEC), Human Resource Development (HRD), training, utility development, water quality laboratories, research and development, capacity building of communities, etc. Addressing unforeseen challenges due to natural disasters or calamities, as per Ministry of Finance guidelines on Flexi Funds. Impact of JJM: The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that achieving JJM’s goals will save over 5.5 crore hours daily, primarily for women, otherwise spent collecting water. WHO projects that ensuring safely managed drinking water for all households in India could prevent nearly 400,000 deaths from diarrheal diseases, saving approximately 14 million Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). Nobel laureate Prof. Michael Kremer’s research suggests that safe water coverage could reduce mortality among children under five by nearly 30%, potentially saving 136,000 lives annually. The Indian Institute of Management Bangalore, in partnership with the International Labour Organization (ILO), estimates that JJM will generate 59.9 lakh person-years of direct and 2.2 crore person-years of indirect employment during its capital expenditure phase. Additionally, the operation and maintenance phase could generate 13.3 lakh person-years of direct employment. Source: PIB NEED TO PROHIBIT USE OF PESTICIDES  Syllabus Mains GS-3 Context: To address the concerns over the usage of pesticides, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has proposed the formation of an inter-ministerial committee. Background: – The proposal was discussed by the FSSAI’s 44th meeting of the Central Advisory Committee (CAC) between 22 and 23 August. The initiative is aimed at ensuring that agricultural practices remain safe and sustainable, thereby protecting consumers from potential health risks associated with pesticide residues in food. Pesticides: Pesticides are substances used to prevent, destroy, repel, or mitigate pests. They include various chemicals such as herbicides (for weeds), insecticides (for insects), fungicides (for fungi), and rodenticides (for rodents). Why Indian Farmers Use Pesticides? Crop Protection: To protect crops from pests and diseases, ensuring higher yields and better-quality produce. Economic Stability: Reducing crop losses helps in maintaining the economic stability of farmers. Increased Productivity: Pesticides help in achieving higher productivity per hectare, which is crucial for meeting the food demands of a growing population. Benefits of Pesticides: Higher Crop Yields: Protecting crops from pests leads to increased agricultural productivity. Disease Control: Reducing the population of disease-carrying pests helps in controlling outbreaks. Economic Benefits: Higher yields and reduced crop losses contribute to economic stability for farmers. Challenges: Environmental Impact: Pesticides can contaminate soil, water, and non-target species, leading to biodiversity loss. Health Risks: Exposure to pesticides can cause acute and chronic health issues in humans. Resistance: Overuse of pesticides can lead to pests developing resistance, making them harder to control. Government Initiatives: Regulation and Monitoring: The government sets regulations to control the use of pesticides and monitors their impact on health and the environment. Integrated Pest Management (IPM): The government promotes Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices, which combine biological, cultural, and chemical methods to manage pests sustainably. This approach reduces the reliance on chemical pesticides and encourages the use of biopesticide National Pest Surveillance System: An Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based platform, the National Pest Surveillance System, has been introduced to monitor pest populations and predict outbreaks. This helps in timely and targeted application of pesticides, reducing overall usage. Promotion of Organic Farming: Several states in India have policies and schemes to promote organic farming, which eliminates the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. For example, Sikkim has completely banned the use of synthetic pesticides. Food Safety on Wheels (FSWs): FSSAI has deployed mobile labs known as Food Safety on Wheels (FSWs) to enhance food safety awareness and testing capabilities. These mobile labs help in monitoring pesticide residues in food products. Source: PIB CONTRIBUTION OF INDIA'S SPACE SECTOR IN GDP  Syllabus Mains: GS-3 Context:  India’s space sector has directly contributed about $24 billion (₹20,000 crore) to India’s Gross Domestic Product over the last decade. Background: Contribution of India’s space sector has directly supported 96,000 jobs in the public and private sector. For every dollar produced by the space sector, there was a multiplier effect of $2.54 to the Indian economy and India’s space force was 2.5 times “more productive” than the country’s broader industrial workforce. India’s space sector: India’s space sector is a dynamic and rapidly growing field, primarily driven by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) is the main agency responsible for India’s space missions. It has achieved significant milestones, including the Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) and the Chandrayaan missions to the Moon. How India’s achievements in the space sector have contributed to the Indian economy? Economic Growth GDP Contribution: Over the past decade, the space sector has added approximately $60 billion to India’s GDP. This includes direct, indirect, and induced benefits from various space-related activities. Investment Multiplier: For every dollar invested in the space sector, an additional $2.54 has been contributed to the national economy. This multiplier effect showcases the sector’s efficiency in generating economic value. Job Creation Employment Opportunities: The space sector has generated around 4.7 million jobs, supporting both public and private sectors. This includes direct employment in space agencies and indirect jobs in related industries. Technological Advancements Innovation and Development: The development of advanced satellite technology and launch vehicles has spurred innovation across various industries, including telecommunications, weather forecasting, and navigation. Start-up Ecosystem: The space sector has seen a rapid growth of start-ups, contributing to technological advancements and economic diversification. International Collaboration and Commercialization Global Partnerships: Collaborations with international space agencies and commercial satellite launches have positioned India as a key player in the global space market. Revenue Generation: The revenues of India’s space sector have grown from $3.8 billion in 2014 to $6.3 billion in 2023, reflecting the sector’s expanding commercial activities. Socio-Economic Benefits Fisheries and Agriculture: Satellite-based services have provided critical support to sectors like fisheries and agriculture, enhancing productivity and sustainability. Disaster Management: Space technology has improved disaster management capabilities, helping mitigate the impact of natural disasters and saving lives. Way forward: Promoting science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education to build a skilled workforce for the space sector. Establishing training programs and partnerships with educational institutions to prepare the next generation of space scientists and engineers. Developing and implementing policies that support the growth of the space sector, including regulations for satellite launches, space exploration, and commercial activities. Establishing a robust legal framework to address issues related to space debris, satellite communication, and international cooperation. By focusing on these areas, India can continue to leverage its space sector to drive economic growth, technological innovation, and international collaboration, ensuring a bright future for the country’s space endeavors. Source: The Hindu BALKAN REGION  Syllabus Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context:  Balkan migrant boat tragedy death toll rises to 12. Background: The boat, which was carrying between 25 and 30 migrants, capsized while crossing the Drina River from Serbia to Bosnia.   About Balkan Region The Balkan region, also known as the Balkans, is located in southeastern Europe. It includes countries such as Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, and Slovenia. The region is bordered by the Adriatic Sea to the northwest, the Ionian Sea to the southwest, the Aegean Sea to the south, and the Black Sea to the northeast. Why people are migrating to the Balkan region? Economic Opportunities: Many migrants are seeking better economic prospects. The Balkans offer opportunities for work, especially in sectors like agriculture, construction, and services. Safety and Stability: Some migrants are fleeing conflict, persecution, or instability in their home countries. The Balkans serve as a transit route for those aiming to reach Western Europe, where they hope to find safety and stability. Family Reunification: Migrants often move to the Balkans to reunite with family members who have already settled in the region or are on their way to other parts of Europe. Access to Services: Limited access to basic services such as healthcare, education, and housing in their home countries drives some migrants to seek better living conditions in the Balkans. Geographical Position: The Balkans are strategically located as a gateway to Europe. This makes the region a key transit point for migrants from the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. Source: The Hindu GUMTI RIVER Syllabus: Prelims : GEOGRAPHY Context: The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) has clarified that the recent floods in Bangladesh were not caused by the opening of the Dumbur dam on the Gumti River in Tripura. Background: The MEA stated that the flooding was primarily due to heavy rainfall in the catchment areas of the Gumti River, which flows through both India and Bangladesh. This clarification came after concerns were raised in Bangladesh about the impact of the dam on the flooding situation. About Gumti river The Gumti River also known as Gomati is a significant river flowing through the northeastern Indian state of Tripura and the Comilla district in Bangladesh. Origin: The Gumti River originates from Dumur in the northeastern hilly region of Tripura, India. Course: It flows through the state of Tripura, passing through towns like Udaipur, before entering Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, it flows through the Comilla district and eventually joins the Meghna River. Dumbur Dam: The river is dammed near Dumbur, creating a 40 square kilometers (15 sq mi) lake. Tributaries: Major right bank tributaries include Kanchi Gang, Pitra Gang, and San Gang. Left bank tributaries include Ek Chhari, Maharani Chhara, and Ganga. Ecological Significance: The river supports the Gumti Wildlife Sanctuary, contributing to the region’s biodiversity. Flooding: The river is prone to flash floods, especially during the monsoon season. These floods can cause significant damage to the surrounding areas. Source: The Diplomat PM-WANI (PRIME MINISTER WI-FI ACCESS NETWORK INTERFACE) SCHEME  Syllabus Prelims : CURRENT EVENT Context: Recently, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has proposed reducing broadband charges for Public Data Offices (PDOs) under the PM-WANI scheme. Background: This move aims to address the high costs that have been a barrier to the proliferation of public Wi-Fi hotspots. About PM-WANI (Prime Minister Wi-Fi Access Network Interface) scheme The PM-WANI (Prime Minister Wi-Fi Access Network Interface) scheme is an initiative by the Indian government to enhance internet connectivity across the country, especially in rural and underserved areas. The PM-WANI (Prime Minister Wi-Fi Access Network Interface) scheme is overseen by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT), which is part of the Ministry of Communications. This initiative aims to set up public Wi-Fi networks through Public Data Offices (PDOs) to provide affordable and widespread internet access across India. Objective: The primary goal of the PM-WANI scheme is to provide affordable and accessible internet services to the public through a network of public Wi-Fi hotspots. Key Components: Public Data Office (PDO): These are local shops or small businesses that provide Wi-Fi services to users. They do not require a license or registration fee to operate. Public Data Office Aggregator (PDOA): These entities aggregate multiple PDOs and ensure the delivery of broadband services. They handle the authorization and accounting of PDOs. App Provider: Develops an app to register users and discover PM-WANI compliant Wi-Fi hotspots in the vicinity. Central Registry: Maintains details of App Providers, PDOAs, and PDOs. Managed by the Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT). How It Works? Setup: PDOs set up Wi-Fi access points in public places like shops, cafes, and libraries. Access: Users can connect to these Wi-Fi hotspots using an app provided by App Providers. Authentication: Users are authenticated through a one-time password (OTP) sent to their mobile phones. Usage: Once authenticated, users can access the internet through the Wi-Fi hotspot. Benefits: Increased Connectivity: Enhances internet penetration, especially in rural and remote areas. Economic Opportunities: Provides new business opportunities for small businesses acting as PDOs. Digital Inclusion: Bridges the digital divide by making internet access more affordable and widespread. Ease of Implementation: Simplifies the process for businesses to become PDOs without the need for complex licensing. Source: Hindu Businessline Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Consider the following Seas: Caspian Sea Aegean Sea Black Sea Ionian Sea How many of the above-mentioned seas are located in the Balkan Region? Only one Only two Only three All four Q2.) Gumti river, recently seen in news located in Assam Tripura Arunachal Pradesh Odisha Q3.) With reference to the PM-WANI, scheme, consider the following statements: The primary goal of the PM-WANI scheme is to provide affordable and accessible internet services to the public through a network of public Wi-Fi hotspots. The PM-WANI scheme is overseen by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT), which is part of the Ministry of Communications. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  26th August 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  24th August – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) –  a Q.2) – d Q.3) – c

Aug 26, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 26th August 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here