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[DAY 45] 60 DAY RAPID REVISION (RaRe) SERIES for UPSC Prelims 2025 ECONOMICS, CURRENT AFFAIRS & CSAT TEST SERIES!

Hello Friends The 60 Days Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series is IASbaba’s Flagship Initiative recommended by Toppers and loved by the aspirants’ community every year. It is the most comprehensive program which will help you complete the syllabus, revise and practice tests on a daily basis. The Programme on a daily basis includes Daily Prelims MCQs from Static (Monday – Saturday) Daily Static Quiz will cover all the topics of static subjects – Polity, History, Geography, Economics, Environment and Science and technology. 20 questions will be posted daily and these questions are framed from the topics mentioned in the schedule. It will ensure timely and streamlined revision of your static subjects. Daily Current Affairs MCQs (Monday – Saturday) Daily 5 Current Affairs questions, based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, would be published from Monday to Saturday according to the schedule. Daily CSAT Quiz (Monday – Friday) CSAT has been an Achilles heel for many aspirants. Daily 5 CSAT Questions will be published. Note – Daily Test of 20 static questions, 10 current affairs, and 5 CSAT questions. (35 Prelims Questions) in QUIZ FORMAT will be updated on a daily basis. To Know More about 60 Days Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series – CLICK HERE   60 Day Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series Schedule – CLICK HERE  Important Note Comment your Scores in the Comment Section. This will keep you accountable, responsible and sincere in days to come. It will help us come out with the Cut-Off on a Daily Basis. Let us know if you enjoyed today’s test ЁЯЩВ  You can post your comments in the given format  (1) Your Score (2) Matrix Meter (3) New Learning from the Test The following Test is based on the syllabus of 60 Days Plan-2025 for UPSC IAS Prelims 2025. Click Here To Take The Test -> Click Here

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz тАУ 2025 : IASbabaтАЩs Daily Current Affairs Quiz 10th May 2025

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test ЁЯЩВ After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz тАУ 2025 : IASbabaтАЩs Daily Current Affairs Quiz 9th May 2025

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test ЁЯЩВ After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam тАУ 8th May 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) PIPRAHWA RELICS Category: ART & CULTURE Context: The Indian government has issued a legal notice to halt the “unethical” auction of ancient gem relics, which it said should be treated as the sacred body of the Buddha. Decoding the context: The legal notice has been served on Sotheby’s Hong Kong and Chris Peppé, one of three heirs of William Claxton Peppé, a British colonial landowner who in 1898 excavated the gems on his estate in northern India, who are selling the relics. Learning Corner: Piprahwa is a village in Siddharthnagar district, Uttar Pradesh, near the India-Nepal border. It is situated close to Kapilavastu, the ancient capital of the Shakya clan, to which Gautama Buddha belonged. Discovery & Excavation: Excavated in 1898 by William Claxton Peppé, a British colonial indigo planter, on his estate. He discovered a large stupa (Buddhist burial mound) containing a stone coffer with relics and jewel-encrusted caskets. The stone coffer bore a Brahmi inscription in Prakrit, dated to the 3rd century BCE. It translates to: “These relics of the Blessed One (Buddha), the Lord of the Shakyas, are deposited by the Shakya brothers…” This is believed to indicate that these relics belonged to Gautama Buddha himself, making it a major archaeological and religious find. Division of Buddha’s relics among eight mahajanapadas post his Mahaparinirvana is documented in Mahaparinibbana Sutta. The 1971-73 excavations by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) under K.M. Srivastava found older relics (400-500 BCE) below Peppé’s level, suggesting Piprahwa as one of the original eight stupas built after Buddha’s death. Source : Guardian MEDIATION Category: POLITY Context: The President of India, Smt Droupadi Murmu graced the launch of the Mediation Association of India and addressed the First National Mediation Conference 2025 in New Delhi.  Decoding the context:  Speaking on the occasion, the President said that the Mediation Act, 2023 was the first step in consolidating the civilisational legacy. She emphasised that the dispute resolution mechanism under the Mediation Act should be effectively extended to rural areas so that the Panchayats are legally empowered to mediate and resolve the conflicts in villages. Learning Corner: Mediation is a voluntary, non-binding Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) process where a neutral third party (mediator) facilitates dialogue between disputing parties to help them reach a mutually acceptable solution. Mediation Act, 2023 Enactment: Passed by Rajya Sabha (August 1, 2023), Lok Sabha (August 7, 2023), and received Presidential assent on September 14, 2023; notified on September 15, 2023. The Act aims to expand the scope and statutorily recognize pre-litigation mediation, online mediation, community mediation, conciliation under the definition of ‘mediation’. This would have the effect of dispensing with the concept of conciliation, in line with the international practice of using the terms ‘mediation’ and ‘conciliation’ interchangeably. Objective: Promotes institutional mediation to resolve civil and commercial disputes, aiming to reduce judicial burden and foster cost-effective, time-bound resolutions. Key Features: The Act apply to mediations conducted in India. It would inter alia apply to mediations where: all parties habitually reside or incorporated in or have their place of business in India, or the mediation agreement imports the applicability of the Mediation Act, or there is an international mediation in relation to a commercial dispute  provided one of the parties is an individual who is a national or habitually resides in a country other than India, or a body corporate/association/body of individuals having place of business outside India, or Further, where one of the parties is the Central/State Government or any entity/body controlled or owned by such Government, the Mediation Act will be applicable only in case of a) commercial disputes, or b) any other disputes as notified Exclusion: It does not apply to mediation conducted outside of India or to disputes not fit for mediation, such as those involving minors, criminal offenses, or third-party rights.  Time Limit: Mediation must conclude within 120 days, extendable by 60 days with mutual consent. Mediated Settlement Agreement (MSA): Final and binding, enforceable as a court decree; can be challenged within 90 days on grounds like fraud or corruption. Mediation Council of India (MCI): To be established for mediator certification, training, and regulation; recognizes mediation service providers. Differences Between Mediation, Arbitration, and Conciliation The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test ЁЯЩВ After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here                                               Source : PIB CHENAB RIVER Category: GEOGRAPHY Context:  The Indian government opened two gates at the Baglihar Hydroelectric Power Project Dam, built on the Chenab River in Ramban. Decoding the context: The gates have reportedly been opened to manage the rising water levels caused due to the heavy rainfall in Jammu and Kashmir. This comes after the centre had shut all the dam gates to regulate the water flow to Pakistan. Learning Corner: The Chenab River originates in the upper Himalayas in Himachal Pradesh’s Lahaul and Spiti district, formed by the confluence of the Chandra and Bhaga rivers near Keylong.  The Bhaga river originates from Surya taal lake, which is situated a few kilometers west of the Bara-lacha la pass in Himachal Pradesh. The Chandra river originates from glaciers east of the same pass (near Chandra Taal) In the Mahabharata, the common name of the river was Chandrabhaga. The river was called Asikni (Sanskrit: рдЕрд╕рд┐рдХреНрдиреА) in the Rigveda. The river flows through Himachal Pradesh, then enters Jammu and Kashmir. It then enters Pakistan’s Punjab province, where it eventually merges with the Sutlej River to form the Panjnad, which ultimately flows into the Indus River. Drainage basin: Covers 26,155 sq km in India, primarily draining the southern slopes of the Pir Panjal Range, Jammu hills, and foothills. Strategic and Economic Significance Indus Waters Treaty (IWT): Under the 1960 IWT, Chenab is a Western River allocated to Pakistan for unrestricted use, but India can build run-of-the-river projects for hydropower. The treaty was suspended in April 2025 after the Pahalgam terror attack. Hydropower Projects: Hosts major run-of-the-river dams in J&K like Baglihar (900 MW, Ramban) and Salal (690 MW, Reasi). Agricultural Dependence: Pakistan relies on Chenab for 60% of its Punjab irrigation; In India, Chenab supports J&K’s agriculture but is underutilized due to limited storage. Source : Economic Times ORGANISATION OF ISLAMIC COOPERATION (OIC) Category: INTERNATIONAL Context: India hit out strongly at the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) for its recent statement on the Pahalgam terror attack, calling it “absurd” and “politically motivated. Decoding the context: The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) issued a statement expressing “deep concern over the deteriorating security environment in South Asia.’ The statement also said that India’s “unfounded allegations against the Islamic Republic of Pakistan” were the factor behind escalating tensions between Delhi and Islamabad. Learning Corner: The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), founded in 1969, is the second-largest intergovernmental organization after the UN, comprising 57 member states, primarily Muslim-majority countries, spanning four continents. Headquartered in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, its primary aim is to promote solidarity among Muslim nations, safeguard Islamic interests, and address global issues affecting the Muslim world. Key Objectives Enhance unity and cooperation among member states. Protect Islamic holy sites and support the Palestinian cause. Promote economic, cultural, and scientific collaboration. Address issues like terrorism, poverty, and education. Structure Summit of Heads of State: Meets every three years; highest decision-making body. Council of Foreign Ministers (CFM): Annual meetings to implement policies. General Secretariat: Led by the Secretary-General (Hissein Brahim Taha since 2020), manages daily operations. Specialized Organs: Includes Islamic Development Bank (IsDB) and Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ISESCO). OIC and India India’s ties with OIC remain tenuous, primarily due to Pakistan’s influence. India has criticized OIC resolutions on Jammu & Kashmir. India, despite having the third-largest Muslim population globally (over 200 million), is not a member. Source : Hindustan Times IBERIAN PENINSULA Category: GEOGRAPHY Context: Recently, a large-scale blackout occurred in Spain and Portugal. There was widespread interruption in power supply in the Iberian Peninsula. Decoding the context: An investigative commission has been launched in Spain and a request has been made by the Portuguese government for an EU agency to perform an independent audit. Learning Corner: Located in southwestern Europe, it is the third largest peninsula in Europe (after the Scandinavian and Balkan peninsulas). Bordered by: Atlantic Ocean (west and northwest) Mediterranean Sea (southeast) Pyrenees Mountains (northeast) — natural border with France. Countries on the peninsula: Spain (covers ~85% of the land area) Portugal Andorra (microstate in the Pyrenees) British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar Modern Relevance: Spain and Portugal are EU and NATO members. The peninsula has strategic maritime importance, especially the Strait of Gibraltar, linking the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Plays a key role in migration routes from Africa to Europe. Source : BBC Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.Which of the following statements regarding the Iberian Peninsula is/are correct? It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean on the west and the Mediterranean Sea on the east. The Pyrenees Mountains separate it from the rest of Europe. The countries located on the Iberian Peninsula include Spain, Portugal, Andorra, and France. Select the correct answer using the code given below: A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1, 2 and 3 D. 2 only   Q2.With reference to the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), consider the following statements: The OIC was founded in 1969 after the arson attack on the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem. India has observer status at the OIC since 2018. The Islamic Development Bank is a specialized institution of the OIC. Its headquarters is located in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Which of the statements given above is/are correct A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1, 3 and 4 only D. 1, 2, 3 and 4   Q3.With reference to the Chenab River, consider the following statements: The Chenab River is formed by the confluence of the Chandra and Bhaga rivers. Under the Indus Waters Treaty, the waters of the Chenab are allocated to India for unrestricted use. The Baglihar and Salal hydroelectric projects are located on the Chenab River. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 3 only D. 1 and 3 only Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  5th May  – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – b Q.3) – b

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam тАУ 25th April 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) ZERO SHADOW DAY Category: GEOGRAPHY Context: Indian Institute of Astrophysics in Bengaluru under the blazing Sun celebrated Zero Shadow Day on 24 April 2024. Decoding the context: IIA institute is an autonomous research institution under the Department of Science and Technology of Government of India. Learning Corner: Zero Shadow Day is a celestial event during which no shadow is cast by any object standing upright on the ground at solar noon. It occurs twice a year for places located between the Tropic of Cancer (23.5°N) and Tropic of Capricorn (23.5°S)—i.e., the tropical zone. Regions outside the tropics never experience ZSD. On this day, the Sun is exactly overhead at noon (i.e., the solar declination equals the latitude of the location). Mechanism and Timing Due to the tilt of the Earth’s axis (23.5°), the Sun appears to move north and south of the equator during the year (called apparent motion of the Sun).  As the Sun moves between the tropics, it passes directly overhead at specific latitudes: Uttarayana (April-May): Sun moves north; ZSD occurs in southern India (e.g., Bengaluru, 12.97°N, on April 24, 2025). Dakshinayana (August-September): Sun moves south; ZSD occurs again (e.g., Bengaluru on August 18, 2025). Places on the Equator get Zero Shadow Day on equinoxes (March 21 & Sept 23). Source : PIB HIGH-LEVEL WORKING GROUP (HLWG) ON THE WESTERN GHATS Category: ENVIRONMENT Context: Dr. K. Kasturirangan, the former chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and a key  figure in shaping India’s National Education Policy (NEP), passed away in Bengaluru.  He chaired the high-level working group on Western Ghats that was constituted by the union environment ministry. Decoding the context:  Awarded the Padma Vibhushan, the country’s second highest civilian award, he was the fourth chairman of ISRO. Learning Corner: The High-Level Working Group (HLWG) on the Western Ghats, chaired by Dr. K. Kasturirangan, was constituted in August 2012. This 10-member panel was tasked with reviewing the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel (WGEEP) report, also known as the Gadgil Report (2011), which faced opposition for its stringent recommendations. Objective: To balance environmental conservation with developmental needs in the Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the world’s eight “hottest hotspots” of biodiversity, spanning 1,64,280 sq km across six states—Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. Key Recommendations (Report Submitted: April 15, 2013) Ecologically Sensitive Area (ESA): Recommended 37% of the Western Ghats (60,000 sq km) as ESA, a significant reduction from the Gadgil Report’s 64% (77,000 sq km). Used satellite data (24 m resolution) for precise mapping. Zoning: Divided the Ghats into: Natural Landscape: Characterized by high biological richness, ESA protection, and restrictions on activities like mining and large townships Cultural Landscape: Areas with human settlements, agriculture, and plantations, excluded from stringent regulations to support livelihoods. Activity Categories: Red Category: Banned mining, thermal plants, and large construction projects in ESA. Orange Category: Regulated activities like food processing with minimal environmental impact. Green Category: Permitted agriculture, horticulture, and sustainable commercial activities. Comparison with Gadgil Report WGEEP (Gadgil Report): Proposed 64% of the Ghats as ESA, with three Ecologically Sensitive Zones (ESZ 1, 2, 3). Banned most developmental activities in ESZ 1, advocated for decentralized governance via gram sabhas, and prohibited GM crops, plastic bags, and new hill stations. Kasturirangan Report: Reduced ESA coverage to 37%, excluding high-density populated areas to address socio-economic concerns. However, it was criticized for relying on remote sensing without ground assessments, leading to errors in zoning. Source : Hindustan Times HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV) Category: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context:  Indigenously developed (Human papillomavirus) HPV test kits for cervical cancer screening were launched recently. Decoding the context: The test kits have been developed under the Department of Biotechnology’s (DBT) partnership programme Grand Challenges India (GCI) at the Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC). Learning Corner: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of over 200 related viruses, with more than 40 types transmitted through sexual contact, making it the most common sexually transmitted infection globally. High-risk HPV types are linked to cancers, particularly cervical cancer, while low-risk types cause genital warts and benign lesions. India’s HPV vaccine (Cervavac, launched 2023 by Serum Institute) uptake remains low (priced at тВ╣200-400/dose), with only 1% of eligible girls vaccinated by 2025 due to hesitancy and access issues. Health Impact in India Cervical Cancer Burden: Cervical cancer, primarily caused by HPV (90% correlation), is the second most common cancer among Indian women, with 1,23,000 new cases and 77,000 deaths annually (WHO, 2025).  India accounts for 25% of global cervical cancer cases and deaths, often due to late diagnosis. Other Cancers: HPV also causes anal, vulvar, vaginal, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers, though cervical cancer remains the most prevalent in India. Prevalence: Over 80% of sexually active individuals contract HPV at some point, but most infections clear naturally within two years. Persistent infections with high-risk types lead to cancer. Recent Development (April 2025) On April 23, 2025, India launched its first indigenously developed HPV test kits for cervical cancer screening. Kits detect eight high-risk HPV genotypes, responsible for over 96% of cervical cancer cases. Features: RT-PCR-based, point-of-care, rapid (results within an hour), battery-operated, and cost-effective compared to imported kits. Source : The Hindu PM MITRA Category: GOVERNMENT SCHEMES Context: Madhya Pradesh has received formal approval for the тВ╣2,100 crore PM Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel (PM MITRA) Park project. Decoding the context: The project has been sanctioned by the Union Ministry of Textiles and will be the first integrated textile park of its kind in India. The PM MITRA Park will feature several modern facilities, including a 20 MLD Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) plant, a solar-powered energy facility, and plug-and-play Built-To-Suit (BTS) units. Learning Corner: Launched in 2021 by the Ministry of Textiles, the PM MITRA Scheme aims to establish seven mega textile parks across India to enhance the textile sector’s global competitiveness, inspired by PM Narendra Modi’s 5F vision: Farm to Fibre to Factory to Fashion to Foreign. Key Objectives Integrated Textile Value Chain: Establishing parks that consolidate all stages of textile production—spinning, weaving, dyeing, processing, printing, and garment manufacturing—within a single location to enhance efficiency and reduce logistics costs. Infrastructure Development: Creating world-class industrial infrastructure to attract cutting-edge technology, boost foreign direct investment (FDI), and encourage local investment in the textile sector. Employment Generation: Each park is expected to generate approximately 1 lakh direct and 2 lakh indirect employment opportunities, contributing significantly to job creation in the sector. Key Features Scale and Location: Each park requires a contiguous, encumbrance-free land parcel of 1,000+ acres. Seven sites approved in Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Karnataka, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh. Out of the seven parks, four are Greenfield projects (Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh) and three are Brownfield projects (Maharashtra, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh). An SPV owned by Centre and State Government will be set up for each park which will oversee the implementation of the project.  The Ministry of Textiles will provide financial support in the form of Development Capital Support upto Rs. 500 crore per park to the Park SPV.  A Competitive Incentive Support (CIS) upto Rs 300 crore per park to the units in PM MITRA Park shall also be provided to incentivise speedy implementation. Overall Significance Economic Growth: India, the 6th largest textile exporter (4% global share), aims to reach $100 billion in exports by 2030. PM MITRA parks are projected to attract тВ╣70,000 crore in investments and create 20 lakh jobs (1 lakh direct, 2 lakh indirect per park). Global Competitiveness: Aligns with free trade agreements (e.g., UAE, Australia) to access developed markets, reducing dependence on imports (e.g., Chinese knitted fabric). Policy Alignment: Supports Make in India and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, Infrastructure) by fostering world-class infrastructure and FDI. Source : Economic Times SCRAMJET Category: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: In a significant step towards the development of the next-generation station hypersonic missiles, India has successfully carried out a ground test of the Scramjet engine for more than 1,000 seconds. Decoding the context: Defence Research & Development Laboratory (DRDL), a Hyderabad-based laboratory of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) achieved this significant milestone in the field of Hypersonic Weapon Technology. Learning Corner: A Supersonic Combustion Ramjet (Scramjet) is an air-breathing engine designed for hypersonic speeds (above Mach 5, or 6,100 kmph), where traditional jet engines falter.  Unlike ramjets, which slow airflow to subsonic speeds before combustion, scramjets sustain supersonic airflow throughout the combustion process. Key components: Inlet, combustor (with fuel injector and flame holder), and nozzle.  Scramjets lack moving parts, relying on the vehicle’s forward motion to compress air, making them lightweight but challenging to design due to extreme heat (over 2,000°C) and combustion stability issues. Feature Turbojet Ramjet Scramjet Speed Range Subsonic to ~Mach 3 Mach 2 to Mach 5 Mach 5 to Mach 15 Combustion Speed Subsonic Subsonic Supersonic Moving Parts Has compressor/turbine No moving parts No moving parts Atmospheric Oxygen Use Yes Yes Yes Startup Capability Can start from rest Needs initial thrust (e.g., booster) Needs higher initial thrust (e.g., rocket booster) Efficiency at High Speed Low Medium High   Strategic Significance Scramjets enable hypersonic cruise missiles that can travel > Mach 5, making them: Extremely fast Hard to intercept by existing missile defense systems Capable of maneuverability, unlike ballistic missiles. Global Race: The US, Russia (Zircon missile), and China (DF-ZF glider) lead hypersonic development. Applications: Beyond missiles, scramjets can enable cost-effective space launches by using atmospheric oxygen, reducing the need for onboard oxidizers. Source : India Today Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.With reference to air-breathing propulsion technologies, consider the following statements: A scramjet engine allows combustion of fuel in supersonic airflow. Unlike rockets, scramjet engines do not carry oxidizers onboard. Scramjet engines can operate efficiently from standstill to hypersonic speeds. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3   Q2.With reference to the PM Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel (PM MITRA) scheme, consider the following statements: Each PM MITRA park requires a minimum of 1,000 acres of contiguous and encumbrance-free land. The implementation of PM MITRA parks is through a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) with equal equity participation from the central and state governments. The PM MITRA scheme aims to integrate the entire textile value chain at a single location. Which of the statements given above are correct? A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1 and 3 only D. 1, 2, and 3   Q3. With reference to Human Papillomavirus (HPV), consider the following statements: HPV infection is a cause of cervical cancer, with high-risk strains accounting for the majority of cases. India launched its first indigenously developed HPV vaccine, Cervavac, in 2023. The recently launched HPV test kits in India are based on RT-PCR technology and can provide results within one hour. The World Health Organization recommends HPV vaccination for boys and girls aged 5–9 years to eliminate cervical cancer. Which of the statements given above are correct? A. 1 and 2 only B. 1, 2 and 3 only C. 1, 3 and 4 only D. 2 and 4 only   Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 24th April  – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – a Q.2) – a Q.3) – a

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam тАУ 6th May 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) PIPRAHWA RELICS Category: ART & CULTURE Context: The Indian government has issued a legal notice to halt the “unethical” auction of ancient gem relics, which it said should be treated as the sacred body of the Buddha. Decoding the context: The legal notice has been served on Sotheby’s Hong Kong and Chris Peppé, one of three heirs of William Claxton Peppé, a British colonial landowner who in 1898 excavated the gems on his estate in northern India, who are selling the relics. Learning Corner: Piprahwa is a village in Siddharthnagar district, Uttar Pradesh, near the India-Nepal border. It is situated close to Kapilavastu, the ancient capital of the Shakya clan, to which Gautama Buddha belonged. Discovery & Excavation: Excavated in 1898 by William Claxton Peppé, a British colonial indigo planter, on his estate. He discovered a large stupa (Buddhist burial mound) containing a stone coffer with relics and jewel-encrusted caskets. The stone coffer bore a Brahmi inscription in Prakrit, dated to the 3rd century BCE. It translates to: “These relics of the Blessed One (Buddha), the Lord of the Shakyas, are deposited by the Shakya brothers…” This is believed to indicate that these relics belonged to Gautama Buddha himself, making it a major archaeological and religious find. Division of Buddha’s relics among eight mahajanapadas post his Mahaparinirvana is documented in Mahaparinibbana Sutta. The 1971-73 excavations by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) under K.M. Srivastava found older relics (400-500 BCE) below Peppé’s level, suggesting Piprahwa as one of the original eight stupas built after Buddha’s death. Source : Guardian MEDIATION Category: POLITY Context: The President of India, Smt Droupadi Murmu graced the launch of the Mediation Association of India and addressed the First National Mediation Conference 2025 in New Delhi.  Decoding the context:  Speaking on the occasion, the President said that the Mediation Act, 2023 was the first step in consolidating the civilisational legacy. She emphasised that the dispute resolution mechanism under the Mediation Act should be effectively extended to rural areas so that the Panchayats are legally empowered to mediate and resolve the conflicts in villages. Learning Corner: Mediation is a voluntary, non-binding Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) process where a neutral third party (mediator) facilitates dialogue between disputing parties to help them reach a mutually acceptable solution. Mediation Act, 2023 Enactment: Passed by Rajya Sabha (August 1, 2023), Lok Sabha (August 7, 2023), and received Presidential assent on September 14, 2023; notified on September 15, 2023. The Act aims to expand the scope and statutorily recognize pre-litigation mediation, online mediation, community mediation, conciliation under the definition of ‘mediation’. This would have the effect of dispensing with the concept of conciliation, in line with the international practice of using the terms ‘mediation’ and ‘conciliation’ interchangeably. Objective: Promotes institutional mediation to resolve civil and commercial disputes, aiming to reduce judicial burden and foster cost-effective, time-bound resolutions. Key Features: The Act apply to mediations conducted in India. It would inter alia apply to mediations where: all parties habitually reside or incorporated in or have their place of business in India, or the mediation agreement imports the applicability of the Mediation Act, or there is an international mediation in relation to a commercial dispute  provided one of the parties is an individual who is a national or habitually resides in a country other than India, or a body corporate/association/body of individuals having place of business outside India, or Further, where one of the parties is the Central/State Government or any entity/body controlled or owned by such Government, the Mediation Act will be applicable only in case of a) commercial disputes, or b) any other disputes as notified Exclusion: It does not apply to mediation conducted outside of India or to disputes not fit for mediation, such as those involving minors, criminal offenses, or third-party rights.  Time Limit: Mediation must conclude within 120 days, extendable by 60 days with mutual consent. Mediated Settlement Agreement (MSA): Final and binding, enforceable as a court decree; can be challenged within 90 days on grounds like fraud or corruption. Mediation Council of India (MCI): To be established for mediator certification, training, and regulation; recognizes mediation service providers. Differences Between Mediation, Arbitration, and Conciliation Aspect Mediation Arbitration Conciliation Nature Voluntary; mediator facilitates dialogue. Binding; arbitrator imposes a decision (award). Voluntary; conciliator actively suggests solutions. Outcome Non-binding unless formalized as MSA. Legally binding arbitral award. Non-binding unless parties agree to terms. Third Party Role Mediator is neutral, does not impose solutions. Arbitrator acts as a judge, decides the case. Conciliator proposes settlements, more proactive than mediator. Legal Framework Mediation Act, 2023; includes conciliation. Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. Now under Mediation Act, 2023 (previously Part III of Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996). Enforceability MSA enforceable as a court decree. Award enforceable under Arbitration Act. Settlement enforceable only if formalized (now as MSA). Source : PIB CHENAB RIVER Category: GEOGRAPHY Context:  The Indian government opened two gates at the Baglihar Hydroelectric Power Project Dam, built on the Chenab River in Ramban. Decoding the context: The gates have reportedly been opened to manage the rising water levels caused due to the heavy rainfall in Jammu and Kashmir. This comes after the centre had shut all the dam gates to regulate the water flow to Pakistan. Learning Corner: The Chenab River originates in the upper Himalayas in Himachal Pradesh’s Lahaul and Spiti district, formed by the confluence of the Chandra and Bhaga rivers near Keylong.  The Bhaga river originates from Surya taal lake, which is situated a few kilometers west of the Bara-lacha la pass in Himachal Pradesh. The Chandra river originates from glaciers east of the same pass (near Chandra Taal) In the Mahabharata, the common name of the river was Chandrabhaga. The river was called Asikni (Sanskrit: рдЕрд╕рд┐рдХреНрдиреА) in the Rigveda. The river flows through Himachal Pradesh, then enters Jammu and Kashmir. It then enters Pakistan’s Punjab province, where it eventually merges with the Sutlej River to form the Panjnad, which ultimately flows into the Indus River. Drainage basin: Covers 26,155 sq km in India, primarily draining the southern slopes of the Pir Panjal Range, Jammu hills, and foothills. Strategic and Economic Significance Indus Waters Treaty (IWT): Under the 1960 IWT, Chenab is a Western River allocated to Pakistan for unrestricted use, but India can build run-of-the-river projects for hydropower. The treaty was suspended in April 2025 after the Pahalgam terror attack. Hydropower Projects: Hosts major run-of-the-river dams in J&K like Baglihar (900 MW, Ramban) and Salal (690 MW, Reasi). Agricultural Dependence: Pakistan relies on Chenab for 60% of its Punjab irrigation; In India, Chenab supports J&K’s agriculture but is underutilized due to limited storage. Source : Economic Times ORGANISATION OF ISLAMIC COOPERATION (OIC) Category: INTERNATIONAL Context: India hit out strongly at the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) for its recent statement on the Pahalgam terror attack, calling it “absurd” and “politically motivated. Decoding the context: The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) issued a statement expressing “deep concern over the deteriorating security environment in South Asia.’ The statement also said that India’s “unfounded allegations against the Islamic Republic of Pakistan” were the factor behind escalating tensions between Delhi and Islamabad. Learning Corner: The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), founded in 1969, is the second-largest intergovernmental organization after the UN, comprising 57 member states, primarily Muslim-majority countries, spanning four continents. Headquartered in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, its primary aim is to promote solidarity among Muslim nations, safeguard Islamic interests, and address global issues affecting the Muslim world. Key Objectives Enhance unity and cooperation among member states. Protect Islamic holy sites and support the Palestinian cause. Promote economic, cultural, and scientific collaboration. Address issues like terrorism, poverty, and education. Structure Summit of Heads of State: Meets every three years; highest decision-making body. Council of Foreign Ministers (CFM): Annual meetings to implement policies. General Secretariat: Led by the Secretary-General (Hissein Brahim Taha since 2020), manages daily operations. Specialized Organs: Includes Islamic Development Bank (IsDB) and Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ISESCO). OIC and India India’s ties with OIC remain tenuous, primarily due to Pakistan’s influence. India has criticized OIC resolutions on Jammu & Kashmir. India, despite having the third-largest Muslim population globally (over 200 million), is not a member. Source : Hindustan Times IBERIAN PENINSULA Category: GEOGRAPHY Context: Recently, a large-scale blackout occurred in Spain and Portugal. There was widespread interruption in power supply in the Iberian Peninsula. Decoding the context: An investigative commission has been launched in Spain and a request has been made by the Portuguese government for an EU agency to perform an independent audit. Learning Corner: Located in southwestern Europe, it is the third largest peninsula in Europe (after the Scandinavian and Balkan peninsulas). Bordered by: Atlantic Ocean (west and northwest) Mediterranean Sea (southeast) Pyrenees Mountains (northeast) — natural border with France. Countries on the peninsula: Spain (covers ~85% of the land area) Portugal Andorra (microstate in the Pyrenees) British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar Modern Relevance: Spain and Portugal are EU and NATO members. The peninsula has strategic maritime importance, especially the Strait of Gibraltar, linking the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Plays a key role in migration routes from Africa to Europe. Source : BBC Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.Which of the following statements regarding the Iberian Peninsula is/are correct? It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean on the west and the Mediterranean Sea on the east. The Pyrenees Mountains separate it from the rest of Europe. The countries located on the Iberian Peninsula include Spain, Portugal, Andorra, and France. Select the correct answer using the code given below: A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1, 2 and 3 D. 2 only   Q2.With reference to the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), consider the following statements: The OIC was founded in 1969 after the arson attack on the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem. India has observer status at the OIC since 2018. The Islamic Development Bank is a specialized institution of the OIC. Its headquarters is located in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Which of the statements given above is/are correct A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1, 3 and 4 only D. 1, 2, 3 and 4   Q3.With reference to the Chenab River, consider the following statements: The Chenab River is formed by the confluence of the Chandra and Bhaga rivers. Under the Indus Waters Treaty, the waters of the Chenab are allocated to India for unrestricted use. The Baglihar and Salal hydroelectric projects are located on the Chenab River. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 3 only D. 1 and 3 only Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  5th May  – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – b Q.3) – b

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS рд╣рд┐рдиреНрджреА | UPSC рдкреНрд░рд╛рд░рдВрднрд┐рдХ рдПрд╡рдВ рдореБрдЦреНрдп рдкрд░реАрдХреНрд╖рд╛ тАУ 3rd May 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   рд╡рд┐рдЭрд┐рдирдЬрд╛рдо рдЕрдВрддрд░реНрд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░реАрдп рдмрдВрджрд░рдЧрд╛рд╣ (VIZHINJAM INTERNATIONAL SEAPORT) рд╢реНрд░реЗрдгреА: рднреВрдЧреЛрд▓ рд╕рдВрджрд░реНрдн: рдкреНрд░рдзрд╛рдирдордВрддреНрд░реА рдирд░реЗрдВрджреНрд░ рдореЛрджреА рдиреЗ рдХреЗрд░рд▓ рдореЗрдВ рд╡рд┐рдЭрд┐рдирдЬрд╛рдо рдЕрдВрддрд░реНрд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░реАрдп рдмрдВрджрд░рдЧрд╛рд╣ рдХрд╛ рдЙрджреНрдШрд╛рдЯрди рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ред рд╕рдВрджрд░реНрдн рдХрд╛ рджреГрд╖реНрдЯрд┐рдХреЛрдг: рдпрд╣ рднрд╛рд░рдд рдореЗрдВ рдкрд╣рд▓реА рдЧреНрд░реАрдирдлреАрд▓реНрдб рдмрдВрджрд░рдЧрд╛рд╣ рдкрд░рд┐рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛ рд╣реИ, рдЬрд┐рд╕реЗ рдХрд┐рд╕реА рд░рд╛рдЬреНрдп рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ 18,000 рдХрд░реЛрдбрд╝ рд░реБрдкрдпреЗ рд╕реЗ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рдХреЗ рдирд┐рд╡реЗрд╢ рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде рд╢реБрд░реВ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛ рд╣реИред Learning Corner: рд╡рд┐рдЭрд┐рдирдЬрд╛рдо рдЕрдВрддрд░реНрд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░реАрдп рдмрдВрджрд░рдЧрд╛рд╣ – рдореБрдЦреНрдп рддрдереНрдп рд╕реНрдерд╛рди: рд╡рд┐рдЭрд┐рдВрдЬрдо, рддрд┐рд░реБрд╡рдирдВрддрдкреБрд░рдо рдХреЗ рдкрд╛рд╕, рдХреЗрд░рд▓ рд╡рд┐рдХрд╛рд╕ рдореЙрдбрд▓: рдбрд┐рдЬрд╛рдЗрди, рдирд┐рд░реНрдорд╛рдг, рд╡рд┐рддреНрдд, рд╕рдВрдЪрд╛рд▓рди рдФрд░ рд╣рд╕реНрддрд╛рдВрддрд░рдг (рдбреАрдмреАрдПрдлрдУрдЯреА) рдХреЗ рдЖрдзрд╛рд░ рдкрд░ рд╕рд╛рд░реНрд╡рдЬрдирд┐рдХ-рдирд┐рдЬреА рднрд╛рдЧреАрджрд╛рд░реА (рдкреАрдкреАрдкреА)ред рдХреЗрд░рд▓ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХреА рдЗрд╕рдореЗрдВ 61.5% рд╣рд┐рд╕реНрд╕реЗрджрд╛рд░реА рд╣реИ, рдЕрдбрд╛рдиреА рдкреЛрд░реНрдЯреНрд╕ рдПрдВрдб рдПрд╕рдИрдЬреЗрдб рд▓рд┐рдорд┐рдЯреЗрдб (рдПрдкреАрдПрд╕рдИрдЬреЗрдб) 28.9% рд╣рд┐рд╕реНрд╕реЗрджрд╛рд░реА рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде рдЗрд╕рдХрд╛ рд╕рдВрдЪрд╛рд▓рди рдХрд░рддрд╛ рд╣реИ рддрдерд╛ рдХреЗрдВрджреНрд░ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХреА рдЗрд╕рдореЗрдВ 9.6% рд╣рд┐рд╕реНрд╕реЗрджрд╛рд░реА рд╣реИред рд╕рд╛рдорд░рд┐рдХ рдФрд░ рдкрд░рд┐рдЪрд╛рд▓рди рдорд╣рддреНрд╡ рднрд╛рд░рдд рдХрд╛ рдкрд╣рд▓рд╛ рдЧрд╣рд░реЗ рдкрд╛рдиреА рдХрд╛ рдЯреНрд░рд╛рдВрд╕рд╢рд┐рдкрдореЗрдВрдЯ рдмрдВрджрд░рдЧрд╛рд╣: 24,000 рдЯреАрдИрдпреВ рд╕реЗ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рдХреЗ рдЕрд▓реНрдЯреНрд░рд╛-рдмрдбрд╝реЗ рдХрдВрдЯреЗрдирд░ рдЬрд╣рд╛рдЬреЛрдВ (рдпреВрдПрд▓рд╕реАрдПрд╕) рдХреЛ рд╕рдВрднрд╛рд▓рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдбрд┐рдЬрд╝рд╛рдЗрди рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛ред рд╢рд┐рдкрд┐рдВрдЧ рд▓реЗрди рд╕реЗ рдирд┐рдХрдЯрддрд╛: рдпреВрд░реЛрдк, рдлрд╛рд░рд╕ рдХреА рдЦрд╛рдбрд╝реА рдФрд░ рдкреВрд░реНрд╡реА рдПрд╢рд┐рдпрд╛ рдХреЛ рдЬреЛрдбрд╝рдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реЗ рдкреВрд░реНрд╡-рдкрд╢реНрдЪрд┐рдо рдЕрдВрддрд░реНрд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░реАрдп рд╢рд┐рдкрд┐рдВрдЧ рдорд╛рд░реНрдЧ рд╕реЗ рд╕рд┐рд░реНрдл 10 рд╕рдореБрджреНрд░реА рдореАрд▓ рдХреА рджреВрд░реА рдкрд░ рд╕реНрдерд┐рдд рд╣реИред рджреЗрд╢ рдореЗрдВ рдЧрд╣рд░реЗ рдкрд╛рдиреА рдХреЗ рдЯреНрд░рд╛рдВрд╕рд╢рд┐рдкрдореЗрдВрдЯ рдмрдВрджрд░рдЧрд╛рд╣ рдХреЗ рдмрд┐рдирд╛, рднрд╛рд░рдд рдХрд╛ 75 рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рд╢рдд рдЯреНрд░рд╛рдВрд╕рд╢рд┐рдкрдореЗрдВрдЯ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдЧреЛ рд╢реНрд░реАрд▓рдВрдХрд╛ рдореЗрдВ рдХреЛрд▓рдВрдмреЛ, рд╕рд┐рдВрдЧрд╛рдкреБрд░ рдФрд░ рд╕рдВрдпреБрдХреНрдд рдЕрд░рдм рдЕрдореАрд░рд╛рдд рдореЗрдВ рдЬреЗрдмреЗрд▓ рдЕрд▓реА рдЬреИрд╕реЗ рд╡рд┐рджреЗрд╢реА рдмрдВрджрд░рдЧрд╛рд╣реЛрдВ рдХреЗ рдорд╛рдзреНрдпрдо рд╕реЗ рдЖрддрд╛ рд╣реИред рдЗрд╕рдХреЗ рдкрд░рд┐рдгрд╛рдорд╕реНрд╡рд░реВрдк рдШрд░реЗрд▓реВ рд╡реНрдпрд╛рдкрд╛рд░рд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдкрд╛рд░рдЧрдорди рд╕рдордп рдФрд░ рджреЗрд░реА рдмрдврд╝ рдЬрд╛рддреА рд╣реИ, рдЬрд┐рд╕рд╕реЗ рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЗрдВ рдкреНрд░рддрд┐ рдХрдВрдЯреЗрдирд░ 80 рд╕реЗ 100 рдбреЙрд▓рд░ рдХрд╛ рдЕрддрд┐рд░рд┐рдХреНрдд рдЦрд░реНрдЪ рдЙрдард╛рдирд╛ рдкрдбрд╝рддрд╛ рд╣реИред рдкреНрд░рд╛рдХреГрддрд┐рдХ рдЧрд╣рд░рд╛рдИ: 24 рдореАрдЯрд░ рдХреА рдкреНрд░рд╛рдХреГрддрд┐рдХ рдЧрд╣рд░рд╛рдИ, рдЬрд┐рд╕рд╕реЗ рдбреНрд░реЗрдЬрд┐рдВрдЧ рдХреА рдЖрд╡рд╢реНрдпрдХрддрд╛ рдиреНрдпреВрдирддрдо рд╣реЛ рдЬрд╛рддреА рд╣реИред рд╕реНрд░реЛрдд : рд╣рд┐рдВрджреБрд╕реНрддрд╛рди рдЯрд╛рдЗрдореНрд╕ This is box title рд╢реНрд░реЗрдгреА: рдкрд░реНрдпрд╛рд╡рд░рдг рд╕рдВрджрд░реНрдн: рдХрд░реНрдирд╛рдЯрдХ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдиреЗ рд╣рд╛рд▓ рд╣реА рдореЗрдВ рдЧреНрд░реЗрдЯрд░ рд╣реЗрд╕рд░рдШрдЯреНрдЯрд╛ рдЧреНрд░рд╛рд╕рд▓реИрдВрдб рдХрдВрдЬрд░реНрд╡реЗрд╢рди рд░рд┐рдЬрд░реНрд╡ рдХреА рдЕрдВрддрд┐рдо рдЕрдзрд┐рд╕реВрдЪрдирд╛ рдЬрд╛рд░реА рдХреАред рд╕рдВрджрд░реНрдн рдХрд╛ рджреГрд╖реНрдЯрд┐рдХреЛрдг: рдмреЗрдВрдЧрд▓реБрд░реБ рдХреЗ рдирд┐рдХрдЯ рд╣реЗрд╕рд░рдШрдЯреНрдЯрд╛ рдХрд╛ рдШрд╛рд╕ рдХрд╛ рдореИрджрд╛рди рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░ рдПрдХ рдЕрджреНрд╡рд┐рддреАрдп рдкрд╛рд░рд┐рд╕реНрдерд┐рддрд┐рдХреА рддрдВрддреНрд░ рдмрдирд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ рддрдерд╛ рд╡рдирд╕реНрдкрддрд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдФрд░ рдЬреАрд╡реЛрдВ рдХреА рдЕрдиреЗрдХ рдкреНрд░рдЬрд╛рддрд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХрд╛ рдкреЛрд╖рдг рдХрд░рддрд╛ рд╣реИ, рдЬрд┐рдирдореЗрдВ рд╕реЗ рдЕрдиреЗрдХ рд▓реБрдкреНрддрдкреНрд░рд╛рдп рд╣реИрдВред Learning Corner: рднрд╛рд░рдд рдХреЗ рд╕рдВрд░рдХреНрд╖рдг рд░рд┐рдЬрд░реНрд╡реЛрдВ рдХрд╛ рдиреЗрдЯрд╡рд░реНрдХ рдЗрд╕рдХреА рд╕рдВрд░рдХреНрд╖рд┐рдд рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░ рдкреНрд░рдгрд╛рд▓реА рдореЗрдВ рдПрдХ рд░рдгрдиреАрддрд┐рдХ рд╡реГрджреНрдзрд┐ рдХрд╛ рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рдирд┐рдзрд┐рддреНрд╡ рдХрд░рддрд╛ рд╣реИ, рдЬреЛ рдореМрдЬреВрджрд╛ рд╡рдиреНрдпрдЬреАрд╡ рдЖрд╡рд╛рд╕реЛрдВ рдХреЛ рдЬреЛрдбрд╝рдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реА рднреВрдорд┐ рдХреЛ рдХрд╛рдиреВрдиреА рд╕рдВрд░рдХреНрд╖рдг рдкреНрд░рджрд╛рди рдХрд░рддрд╛ рд╣реИ, рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░реАрдп рдЙрджреНрдпрд╛рдиреЛрдВ рдФрд░ рдЕрднрдпрд╛рд░рдгреНрдпреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рд╕реБрд░рдХреНрд╖рд┐рдд рд░рдЦрддрд╛ рд╣реИ, рдпрд╛ рдЕрджреНрд╡рд┐рддреАрдп рдкрд╛рд░рд┐рд╕реНрдерд┐рддрд┐рдХреА рдкреНрд░рдгрд╛рд▓рд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рд╕рдВрд░рдХреНрд╖рд┐рдд рдХрд░рддрд╛ рд╣реИред рд╡рдиреНрдпрдЬреАрд╡ (рд╕рдВрд░рдХреНрд╖рдг) рд╕рдВрд╢реЛрдзрди рдЕрдзрд┐рдирд┐рдпрдо, 2002 рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рдкреНрд░рд╕реНрддреБрдд рдзрд╛рд░рд╛ 36рдП рд░рд╛рдЬреНрдп рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░реЛрдВ рдХреЛ рд╕реНрдерд╛рдиреАрдп рд╕рдореБрджрд╛рдпреЛрдВ рд╕реЗ рдкрд░рд╛рдорд░реНрд╢ рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рдж рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░реА рд╕реНрд╡рд╛рдорд┐рддреНрд╡ рд╡рд╛рд▓реА рднреВрдорд┐ рдХреЛ рд╕рдВрд░рдХреНрд╖рдг рд░рд┐рдЬрд░реНрд╡ рдШреЛрд╖рд┐рдд рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХрд╛ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░ рджреЗрддреА рд╣реИред рдкреНрд░рдмрдВрдзрди: рд╕рдВрд░рдХреНрд╖рдг рд░рд┐рдЬрд░реНрд╡ рдкреНрд░рдмрдВрдзрди рд╕рдорд┐рддрд┐ рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рджреЗрдЦрд░реЗрдЦ, рдЬрд┐рд╕рдореЗрдВ рд╡рди рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░реА, рд╕реНрдерд╛рдиреАрдп рдкрдВрдЪрд╛рдпрдд рд╕рджрд╕реНрдп, рдЧреИрд░ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░реА рд╕рдВрдЧрдарди рдФрд░ рдХреГрд╖рд┐/рдкрд╢реБрдкрд╛рд▓рди рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рдирд┐рдзрд┐ рд╢рд╛рдорд┐рд▓ рд╣реЛрддреЗ рд╣реИрдВред рд╕рд╛рдореБрджрд╛рдпрд┐рдХ рднреВрдорд┐рдХрд╛: рдкрд╛рд░рдВрдкрд░рд┐рдХ рдЧрддрд┐рд╡рд┐рдзрд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреА рдЕрдиреБрдорддрд┐ рджреЗрдирд╛ (рдЬреИрд╕реЗ, рдЪрд░рд╛рдИ, рдЬрд▓рд╛рдК рд▓рдХрдбрд╝реА рдЗрдХрдЯреНрдард╛ рдХрд░рдирд╛); рдорд╣рддреНрд╡ рдкрд░реНрдпрд╛рд╡рд╛рд╕ рд╕рдВрдкрд░реНрдХ: рдкрд░реНрдпрд╛рд╡рд╛рд╕ рд╡рд┐рдЦрдВрдбрди рдХреЛ рдХрдо рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рд╡рдиреНрдпрдЬреАрд╡ рдЧрд▓рд┐рдпрд╛рд░реЗ рдХреЗ рд░реВрдк рдореЗрдВ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдп рдХрд░рдирд╛ред рдмрдлрд░ рдЬреЛрди: рдорд╛рдирд╡рдЬрдирд┐рдд рджрдмрд╛рд╡ рд╕реЗ рд╕реБрд░рдХреНрд╖рд┐рдд рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░ред рд╕рд╛рдореБрджрд╛рдпрд┐рдХ рднрд╛рдЧреАрджрд╛рд░реА: рдШреЛрд╖рдгрд╛ рдФрд░ рдкреНрд░рдмрдВрдзрди рджреЛрдиреЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рд╕реНрдерд╛рдиреАрдп рднрд╛рдЧреАрджрд╛рд░реА рдХреЛ рдЕрдирд┐рд╡рд╛рд░реНрдп рдмрдирд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ, рддрдерд╛ рд╣рд┐рддрдзрд╛рд░рдХ рд╕реНрд╡рд╛рдорд┐рддреНрд╡ рдХреЛ рдмрдврд╝рд╛рд╡рд╛ рджреЗрддрд╛ рд╣реИред рдкрд╛рд░рд┐рд╕реНрдерд┐рддрд┐рдХреА рддрдВрддреНрд░ рд╕рдВрд░рдХреНрд╖рдг: рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░реАрдп рдЙрджреНрдпрд╛рдиреЛрдВ рдпрд╛ рдЕрднрдпрд╛рд░рдгреНрдпреЛрдВ рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рдХрд╡рд░ рдирд╣реАрдВ рдХрд┐рдП рдЧрдП рдЕрджреНрд╡рд┐рддреАрдп рдЖрд╡рд╛рд╕реЛрдВ (рдЬреИрд╕реЗ, рдШрд╛рд╕ рдХреЗ рдореИрджрд╛рди, рдЖрд░реНрджреНрд░рднреВрдорд┐) рдХреЗ рд╕рдВрд░рдХреНрд╖рдг рдХреЛ рд╕рдХреНрд╖рдо рдмрдирд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИред рд╕реНрд░реЛрдд : рдж рд╣рд┐рдВрджреВ This is box title рд╢реНрд░реЗрдгреА: рдХрд▓рд╛ рдФрд░ рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдХреГрддрд┐ рдкреНрд░рд╕рдВрдЧ: рд╣рд╛рд▓ рд╣реА рдореЗрдВ рдЙрддреНрддрд░рд╛рдЦрдВрдб рдореЗрдВ рдЬреАрд╡рдВрдд рдПрд╡рдВ рдЧрд╣рди рдЖрдзреНрдпрд╛рддреНрдорд┐рдХ рд▓реЛрдХ рддреНрдпреЛрд╣рд╛рд░ рд░рдореНрдорд╛рдг рдордирд╛рдпрд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛ред рд╕рдВрджрд░реНрдн рдХрд╛ рджреГрд╖реНрдЯрд┐рдХреЛрдг: рд░рдВрдЧрдордВрдЪ, рд╕рдВрдЧреАрдд, рдРрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд┐рдХ рдкреБрдирд░реНрдирд┐рд░реНрдорд╛рдг рдФрд░ рдкрд╛рд░рдВрдкрд░рд┐рдХ рдореМрдЦрд┐рдХ рдФрд░ рд▓рд┐рдЦрд┐рдд рдХрд╣рд╛рдирд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХрд╛ рд╕рдВрдпреЛрдЬрди, рд░рдореНрдорд╛рдг рдПрдХ рдмрд╣реБрдЖрдпрд╛рдореА рд╕рд╛рдВрд╕реНрдХреГрддрд┐рдХ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрдХреНрд░рдо рд╣реИ рдЬреЛ рд╕рдореБрджрд╛рдп рдХреА рдкрд░реНрдпрд╛рд╡рд░рдгреАрдп, рдЖрдзреНрдпрд╛рддреНрдорд┐рдХ рдФрд░ рд╕рд╛рдВрд╕реНрдХреГрддрд┐рдХ рдЕрд╡рдзрд╛рд░рдгрд╛ рдХреЛ рджрд░реНрд╢рд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ, рдЗрд╕рдХреЗ рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдерд╛рдкрдХ рдорд┐рдердХреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рдпрд╛рдж рдХрд░рддрд╛ рд╣реИ рдФрд░ рдЖрддреНрдо-рд╕рдореНрдорд╛рди рдХреА рднрд╛рд╡рдирд╛ рдХреЛ рдордЬрдмреВрдд рдХрд░рддрд╛ рд╣реИред Learning Corner: рд░рдореНрдорд╛рдг рдПрдХ рдзрд╛рд░реНрдорд┐рдХ рддреНрдпреМрд╣рд╛рд░ рдФрд░ рдЕрдиреБрд╖реНрдард╛рдирд┐рдХ рд░рдВрдЧрдордВрдЪ рд╣реИ рдЬреЛ рдЧрдврд╝рд╡рд╛рд▓ рд╣рд┐рдорд╛рд▓рдп рдореЗрдВ рдЙрддреНрддрд░рд╛рдЦрдВрдб рдХреЗ рдЪрдореЛрд▓реА рдЬрд┐рд▓реЗ рдХреЗ рд╕рд▓реВрд░-рдбреБрдВрдЧрд░рд╛ рдирд╛рдордХ рдЬреБрдбрд╝рд╡рд╛рдВ рдЧрд╛рдВрд╡реЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рд╡рд░реНрд╖ рдордирд╛рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИред 2009 рдореЗрдВ рдпреВрдиреЗрд╕реНрдХреЛ рдХреА рдорд╛рдирд╡рддрд╛ рдХреА рдЕрдореВрд░реНрдд рд╕рд╛рдВрд╕реНрдХреГрддрд┐рдХ рд╡рд┐рд░рд╛рд╕рдд рдХреА рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рдирд┐рдзрд┐ рд╕реВрдЪреА рдореЗрдВ рдЕрдВрдХрд┐рддред рдпрд╣ рдЗрди рдЧрд╛рдВрд╡реЛрдВ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЕрджреНрд╡рд┐рддреАрдп рд╣реИ рддрдерд╛ рд╣рд┐рдорд╛рд▓рдпреА рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░ рдореЗрдВ рдЕрдиреНрдпрддреНрд░ рдРрд╕рд╛ рдирд╣реАрдВ рд╣реИред рдкреНрд░рдореБрдЦ рд╡рд┐рд╢реЗрд╖рддрд╛рдРрдВ рд╕рдордп: рдЕрдкреНрд░реИрд▓ рдХреЗ рдЕрдВрдд рдореЗрдВ рдЖрдпреЛрдЬрд┐рдд рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ, рдЖрдорддреМрд░ рдкрд░ рдмреИрд╕рд╛рдЦреА (рд╕рдВрдХреНрд░рд╛рдВрддрд┐) рдХреЗ 9рд╡реЗрдВ рдпрд╛ 11рд╡реЗрдВ рджрд┐рди, рдЬреЛ рд╣рд┐рдВрджреВ рд╕реМрд░ рдирд╡ рд╡рд░реНрд╖ рдФрд░ рдлрд╕рд▓ рдХреЗ рдореМрд╕рдо рдХрд╛ рдкреНрд░рддреАрдХ рд╣реИ; рдЕрдиреБрд╖реНрдард╛рди: рдЗрд╕рдореЗрдВ рд░рд╛рдорд╛рдпрдг рдХрд╛ рдкрд╛рда, рдореБрдЦреМрдЯрд╛ рдиреГрддреНрдп рдФрд░ рдЬрд╛рдЧрд░ (рд╕реНрдерд╛рдиреАрдп рдХрд┐рдВрд╡рджрдВрддрд┐рдпрд╛рдВ) рдХрд╛ рдЧрд╛рдпрди рд╢рд╛рдорд┐рд▓ рд╣реИред рджреЗрд╡рддрд╛: рдпрд╣ рдЧрд╛рдВрд╡ рдХреЗ рджреЗрд╡рддрд╛ рднреВрдорд┐рдпрд╛рд▓ рджреЗрд╡рддрд╛ (рднреВрдорд┐рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░рдкрд╛рд▓) рдХреЛ рд╕рдорд░реНрдкрд┐рдд рд╣реИ, рдЬрд┐рд╕рдХреЗ рдордВрджрд┐рд░ рдХреЗ рдкреНрд░рд╛рдВрдЧрдг рдореЗрдВ рдкреНрд░рджрд░реНрд╢рди рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ; рджреЗрд╡рддрд╛ рдХреЛ рдЬреБрд▓реВрд╕ рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде рд▓реЗ рдЬрд╛рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ рдФрд░ рд╡реЗ рд╡рд░реНрд╖ рднрд░ рдЧрд╛рдВрд╡ рдХреЗ рдЪрдпрдирд┐рдд рдШрд░ рдореЗрдВ рдирд┐рд╡рд╛рд╕ рдХрд░рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВред рд╕рд╛рдВрд╕реНрдХреГрддрд┐рдХ рдорд╣рддреНрд╡ рд╕рд╛рдореБрджрд╛рдпрд┐рдХ рдПрдХрддрд╛: рд╕рднреА рдЬрд╛рддрд┐рдпрд╛рдВ рднрд╛рдЧ рд▓реЗрддреА рд╣реИрдВ, рдЬрд┐рд╕рд╕реЗ рд╕рд╛рдорд╛рдЬрд┐рдХ рд╕рд╛рдордВрдЬрд╕реНрдп рдмрдврд╝рддрд╛ рд╣реИ; рднреВрдорд┐рдХрд╛рдПрдВ рдЬрд╛рддрд┐-рд╡рд┐рд╢рд┐рд╖реНрдЯ рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИрдВ (рдЙрджрд╛рд╣рд░рдг рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП, рдмреНрд░рд╛рд╣реНрдордг рдкреНрд░рд╛рд░реНрдердирд╛ рдХрд╛ рдиреЗрддреГрддреНрд╡ рдХрд░рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ, рднрдВрдбрд╛рд░реА рдкрд╡рд┐рддреНрд░ рдирд░рд╕рд┐рдВрд╣ рдореБрдЦреМрдЯрд╛ рдкрд╣рдирддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ)ред рд╡рд┐рд░рд╛рд╕рдд рд╕рдВрд░рдХреНрд╖рдг: 500 рд╡рд░реНрд╖ рд╕реЗ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рдкреБрд░рд╛рдиреЗ рд░рдореНрдорд╛рдг рдореЗрдВ рдореМрдЦрд┐рдХ, рджреГрд╢реНрдп рдФрд░ рдЧрддрд┐рдЬ рдкрд░рдВрдкрд░рд╛рдУрдВ рдХрд╛ рдорд┐рд╢реНрд░рдг рд╣реИ, рдЬреЛ рдорд╛рд▓ рдиреГрддреНрдп (рдРрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд┐рдХ рд▓рдбрд╝рд╛рдИ) рдФрд░ рдХреВрд░реНрдЬреЛрдЧреА (рд╕рд╛рдВрдкреНрд░рджрд╛рдпрд┐рдХ рдЦрд░рдкрддрд╡рд╛рд░ рд╣рдЯрд╛рдиреЗ) рдЬреИрд╕реЗ рдкреНрд░рджрд░реНрд╢рдиреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рдорд╛рдзреНрдпрдо рд╕реЗ рдЧрдврд╝рд╡рд╛рд▓реА рдЬреАрд╡рди, рдЖрд╕реНрдерд╛ рдФрд░ рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕ рдХреЛ рджрд░реНрд╢рд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИред рд╕реНрд░реЛрдд : рдж рд╕реНрдЯреЗрдЯреНрд╕рдореИрди рдСрдкрд░реЗрд╢рди рдХрдЧрд╛рд░ (OPERATION KAGAR) рд╢реНрд░реЗрдгреА: рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░реАрдп рд╕рдВрджрд░реНрдн: рдСрдкрд░реЗрд╢рди рдХрдЧрд╛рд░ рдХреЗ рдирддреАрдЬреЛрдВ рдкрд░ рдЪрд┐рдВрддрд╛ рд╡реНрдпрдХреНрдд рдХрд░рддреЗ рд╣реБрдП, рд╕реАрдкреАрдЖрдИ (рдПрдо) рдкреЛрд▓рд┐рдд рдмреНрдпреВрд░реЛ рдиреЗ рдПрдХ рдмрдпрд╛рди рдореЗрдВ рдХрд╣рд╛ рдХрд┐ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХреЛ рдпрд╣ рд╕реБрдирд┐рд╢реНрдЪрд┐рдд рдХрд░рдирд╛ рдЪрд╛рд╣рд┐рдП рдХрд┐ рдХрд┐рд╕реА рдирд┐рд░реНрджреЛрд╖ рдХреА рдЬрд╛рди рди рдЬрд╛рдПред рд╕рдВрджрд░реНрдн рдХрд╛ рджреГрд╖реНрдЯрд┐рдХреЛрдг: рдорд╛рдУрд╡рд╛рджрд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рд╕рдлрд╛рдП рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдХреЗрдВрджреНрд░ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рдСрдкрд░реЗрд╢рди рдХрдЧрд╛рд░ рд╢реБрд░реВ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛ рд╣реИред Learning Corner: рднрд╛рд░рдд рдХрд╛ рдСрдкрд░реЗрд╢рди рдХрдЧрд╛рд░ рдПрдХ рдмрдбрд╝реЗ рдкреИрдорд╛рдиреЗ рдкрд░, рдмрд╣реБ-рдПрдЬреЗрдВрд╕реА рдЖрддрдВрдХрд╡рд╛рдж рд╡рд┐рд░реЛрдзреА рдкрд╣рд▓ рд╣реИ рдЬрд┐рд╕реЗ 2024 рдореЗрдВ рдХреЗрдВрджреНрд░реАрдп рдЧреГрд╣ рдордВрддреНрд░рд╛рд▓рдп рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ “рд▓рд╛рд▓ рдЧрд▓рд┐рдпрд╛рд░реЗ” рдореЗрдВ рдорд╛рдУрд╡рд╛рджреА (рдирдХреНрд╕рд▓реА) рдкреНрд░рднрд╛рд╡ рдХреЛ рдЦрддреНрдо рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рд╢реБрд░реВ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛ рд╣реИ, рдЬреЛ рдореБрдЦреНрдп рд░реВрдк рд╕реЗ рдЫрддреНрддреАрд╕рдЧрдврд╝, рддреЗрд▓рдВрдЧрд╛рдирд╛, рдУрдбрд┐рд╢рд╛ рдФрд░ рдЭрд╛рд░рдЦрдВрдб рдореЗрдВ рд╣реИред “рдХрдЧрд╛рд░” рдХрд╛ рдЕрд░реНрде рдЪрд░рдордкрдВрдереА рдиреЗрдЯрд╡рд░реНрдХ рдХреЛ рдзреНрд╡рд╕реНрдд рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХрд╛ “рдЕрдВрддрд┐рдо рдорд┐рд╢рди” рд╣реИред рдЗрд╕рдореЗрдВ 100,000 рд╕реЗ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рд╕реБрд░рдХреНрд╖рд╛ рдХрд░реНрдорд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рддреИрдирд╛рдд рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ – рдЬрд┐рд╕рдореЗрдВ рд╕реАрдЖрд░рдкреАрдПрдл, рдХреЛрдмрд░рд╛ рдЗрдХрд╛рдЗрдпрд╛рдВ, рдЬрд┐рд▓рд╛ рд░рд┐рдЬрд░реНрд╡ рдЧрд╛рд░реНрдб рдФрд░ рд░рд╛рдЬреНрдп рдкреБрд▓рд┐рд╕ рд╢рд╛рдорд┐рд▓ рд╣реИрдВ – рдЬрд┐рдиреНрд╣реЗрдВ рдбреНрд░реЛрди, рдПрдЖрдИ-рд╕рдХреНрд╖рдо рдирд┐рдЧрд░рд╛рдиреА рдФрд░ рдЙрдкрдЧреНрд░рд╣ рдЗрдореЗрдЬрд░реА рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рд╕рд╣рд╛рдпрддрд╛ рдкреНрд░рджрд╛рди рдХреА рдЬрд╛рддреА рд╣реИред рдЪрд╛рд░ рд╕реВрддреНрд░реАрдп рд░рдгрдиреАрддрд┐ рд╡рд┐рджреНрд░реЛрд╣рд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рдЧрдврд╝реЛрдВ рдХреЗ рднреАрддрд░ рдЕрдЧреНрд░рд┐рдо рдкрд░рд┐рдЪрд╛рд▓рди рдЕрдбреНрдбреЗ рд╕реНрдерд╛рдкрд┐рдд рдХрд░рдирд╛ред рдкреБрдирдГ рдкреНрд░рд╛рдкреНрдд рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░реЛрдВ рдХреЛ рд╕реБрд░рдХреНрд╖рд┐рдд рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдХрд┐рд▓реЗрдмрдВрдж рдкреБрд▓рд┐рд╕ рд╕реНрдЯреЗрд╢рди рдмрдирд╛рдирд╛ред рдЙрдЪреНрдЪ рддрдХрдиреАрдХ рдирд┐рдЧрд░рд╛рдиреА (рдбреНрд░реЛрди, рдПрдЖрдИ рдПрдирд╛рд▓рд┐рдЯрд┐рдХреНрд╕, рдЙрдкрдЧреНрд░рд╣ рдЗрдореЗрдЬрд░реА) рддреИрдирд╛рдд рдХрд░рдирд╛ред рдЙрджрд╛рд░ рдЖрддреНрдорд╕рдорд░реНрдкрдг рдиреАрддрд┐ рджрд▓рдмрджрд▓реБрдУрдВ рдХреЛ рдкреНрд░реЛрддреНрд╕рд╛рд╣рд┐рдд рдХрд░рддреА рд╣реИред рд╕реНрд░реЛрдд : рдж рд╣рд┐рдВрджреВ рдирд┐рдЬреА рд╕рджрд╕реНрдп рд╡рд┐рдзреЗрдпрдХ (PRIVATE MEMBER’S BILLS -PMBS) рд╢реНрд░реЗрдгреА: рд░рд╛рдЬрдиреАрддрд┐ рд╕рдВрджрд░реНрдн: рднрд╛рд░рдд рдХреЗ рдЙрдкрд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░рдкрддрд┐ рдЬрдЧрджреАрдк рдзрдирдЦрдбрд╝ рдиреЗ рдЗрд╕ рдмрд╛рдд рдкрд░ рдЬреЛрд░ рджрд┐рдпрд╛ рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рдкреАрдПрдордмреА рднрд╛рд░рдд рдХреЗ рд╡рд┐рдзрд╛рдпреА рдкрд░рд┐рджреГрд╢реНрдп рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП “рд╕реЛрдиреЗ рдХреА рдЦрд╛рди” рдХреЗ рд░реВрдк рдореЗрдВ рдХрд╛рдо рдХрд░рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ, рдЬреЛ рд╕рдордХрд╛рд▓реАрди рдореБрджреНрджреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рджреВрд░рджрд░реНрд╢реА рд╕рдорд╛рдзрд╛рди рдкреНрд░рд╕реНрддреБрдд рдХрд░рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВред рд╕рдВрджрд░реНрдн рдХрд╛ рджреГрд╖реНрдЯрд┐рдХреЛрдг: рд╕реНрд╡рддрдВрддреНрд░рддрд╛ рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рдж рд╕реЗ рдЕрдм рддрдХ рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ 14 рдкреАрдПрдордмреА рдкрд╛рд░рд┐рдд рд╣реБрдП рд╣реИрдВ рдФрд░ рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЗрдВ рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░рдкрддрд┐ рдХреА рд╕реНрд╡реАрдХреГрддрд┐ рдкреНрд░рд╛рдкреНрдд рд╣реБрдИ рд╣реИ, рддрдерд╛ 1970 рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рдж рд╕реЗ рдХреЛрдИ рднреА рджреЛрдиреЛрдВ рд╕рджрдиреЛрдВ рд╕реЗ рдкрд╛рд░рд┐рдд рдирд╣реАрдВ рд╣реЛ рд╕рдХрд╛ рд╣реИред 18рд╡реАрдВ рд▓реЛрдХрд╕рднрд╛ рдореЗрдВ рдЕрдм рддрдХ рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ 20 рд╕рд╛рдВрд╕рджреЛрдВ рдиреЗ рдкреАрдПрдордмреА рдкреЗрд╢ рдХрд┐рдП рд╣реИрдВред 2024 рдХреЗ рдЙрджреНрдШрд╛рдЯрди рдФрд░ рдмрдЬрдЯ рд╕рддреНрд░ рдХреЗ рджреМрд░рд╛рди, рд▓реЛрдХрд╕рднрд╛ рдореЗрдВ 64 рдкреАрдПрдордмреА рдкреЗрд╢ рдХрд┐рдП рдЧрдП, рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рдПрдХ рдкрд░ рднреА рдЪрд░реНрдЪрд╛ рдирд╣реАрдВ рд╣реБрдИред Learning Corner: рдирд┐рдЬреА рдмрд┐рд▓ рдкреНрд░рд╛рдЗрд╡реЗрдЯ рдореЗрдВрдмрд░ рдмрд┐рд▓ рдПрдХ рд╡рд┐рдзрд╛рдпреА рдкреНрд░рд╕реНрддрд╛рд╡ рд╣реИ рдЬрд┐рд╕реЗ рд╕рдВрд╕рдж рд╕рджрд╕реНрдп (рдПрдордкреА) рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рдкреЗрд╢ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ рдЬреЛ рдордВрддреНрд░реА рдирд╣реАрдВ рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рд╣реИред рдпреЗ рдмрд┐рд▓ рд╡реНрдпрдХреНрддрд┐рдЧрдд рдПрдордкреА рдХреЗ рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░реЛрдВ рдХреЛ рджрд░реНрд╢рд╛рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ, рди рдХрд┐ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХреЗ рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░реЛрдВ рдХреЛред рдкреНрд░рдореБрдЦ рд╡рд┐рд╢реЗрд╖рддрд╛рдРрдВ рдХрд┐рд╕реА рдРрд╕реЗ рд╕рд╛рдВрд╕рдж рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рдкреНрд░рд╕реНрддреБрдд рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛ рд╕рдХрддрд╛ рд╣реИ рдЬреЛ рдордВрддреНрд░реА рдирд╣реАрдВ рд╣реИ (рдЕрд░реНрдерд╛рдд рдирд┐рдЬреА рд╕рджрд╕реНрдп)ред рдЗрд╕рдХрд╛ рдЙрджреНрджреЗрд╢реНрдп рдЙрди рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░реЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рд╡рд┐рдзрд╛рдпреА рд╣рд╕реНрддрдХреНрд╖реЗрдк рдХрд░рдирд╛ рд╣реИ рдЬрд┐рди рдкрд░ рд╕рд╛рдВрд╕рдж рдХреЛ рдзреНрдпрд╛рди рджреЗрдиреЗ рдХреА рдЖрд╡рд╢реНрдпрдХрддрд╛ рдорд╣рд╕реВрд╕ рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИред рд╕рд╛рдВрд╕рдж рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рдпрд╛ рдХрд╛рдиреВрдиреА рд╡рд┐рд╢реЗрд╖рдЬреНрдЮреЛрдВ рдХреА рд╕рд╣рд╛рдпрддрд╛ рд╕реЗ рддреИрдпрд╛рд░ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛ред рд╕реНрд╡реАрдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрддрд╛ рдХрд╛ рдирд┐рд░реНрдгрдп рдкреАрдард╛рд╕реАрди рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░реА (рд▓реЛрдХрд╕рднрд╛ рдореЗрдВ рдЕрдзреНрдпрдХреНрд╖, рд░рд╛рдЬреНрдп рд╕рднрд╛ рдореЗрдВ рд╕рднрд╛рдкрддрд┐) рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рдПрдЧрд╛ред рдЖрд╡рдВрдЯрд┐рдд рд╕рдордп: рджреЛрдиреЛрдВ рд╕рджрдиреЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рд╢реБрдХреНрд░рд╡рд╛рд░ рдХрд╛ рджрд┐рди рдкреАрдПрдордмреА рдкрд░ рдЪрд░реНрдЪрд╛ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЖрд░рдХреНрд╖рд┐рдд рд╣реИред рд╡рд░реНрд╖ рд╡рд┐рдзреЗрдпрдХ /рдмрд┐рд▓ рдирд┐рдореНрди рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рдкреНрд░рд╕реНрддреБрдд рдирддреАрдЬрд╛ 1956 рд╣рд┐рдВрджреВ рд╡рд┐рд╡рд╛рд╣ (рд╕рдВрд╢реЛрдзрди) рд╡рд┐рдзреЗрдпрдХ рдЖрдирдВрдж рдирд╛рд░рд╛рдпрдг рдореБрд▓реНрд▓рд╛ рдкрд╛рд░рд┐рдд – рдкрд╣рд▓реА рдмрд╛рд░ рдкреАрдПрдордмреА рдХрд╛рдиреВрди рдмрдирд╛ 1969 рд╡рд┐рдзрд╛рдирдордВрдбрд▓ рдХреА рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрд╡рд╛рд╣реА (рдкреНрд░рдХрд╛рд╢рди рд╕рдВрд░рдХреНрд╖рдг) рд╡рд┐рдзреЗрдпрдХ рдкреАрд▓реВ рдореЛрджреА рдкрд╛рд░рд┐рдд 2015 рдЯреНрд░рд╛рдВрд╕рдЬреЗрдВрдбрд░ рд╡реНрдпрдХреНрддрд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░ рд╡рд┐рдзреЗрдпрдХ рддрд┐рд░реБрдЪрд┐ рд╢рд┐рд╡рд╛ (рд░рд╛рдЬреНрдпрд╕рднрд╛) рд░рд╛рдЬреНрдпрд╕рднрд╛ рдореЗрдВ рдкрд╛рд░рд┐рдд (рд▓реЛрдХрд╕рднрд╛ рдореЗрдВ рдирд╣реАрдВ) – рдмрд╛рдж рдореЗрдВ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░реА рд╡рд┐рдзреЗрдпрдХ рдмрдирд╛ 2019 рд╡рд┐рд╡рд╛рд╣ рдореЗрдВ рдорд╣рд┐рд▓рд╛рдУрдВ рдХреЗ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░ рд╕рдВрд░рдХреНрд╖рдг рд╡рд┐рдзреЗрдпрдХ рдХреЗ.рдЬреЗ. рдЕрд▓реНрдлреЛрдВрд╕ рдкрд╛рд░рд┐рдд рдирд╣реАрдВ рд╣реБрдЖ – рд╡реИрд╡рд╛рд╣рд┐рдХ рдмрд▓рд╛рддреНрдХрд╛рд░ рдкрд░ рдмрд╣рд╕ рдЫрд┐рдбрд╝ рдЧрдИ   рдкреНрд░рдХреНрд░рд┐рдпрд╛ рдиреЛрдЯрд┐рд╕ рдЕрд╡рдзрд┐: рдХрд┐рд╕реА рдирд┐рдЬреА рд╕рджрд╕реНрдп рдХреЛ рдХрдо рд╕реЗ рдХрдо рдПрдХ рдорд╣реАрдиреЗ рдХрд╛ рдиреЛрдЯрд┐рд╕ рджреЗрдирд╛ рд╣реЛрдЧрд╛ред рдЗрд╕рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рдж рд╡рд┐рдзреЗрдпрдХ рдХреЛ рдкреНрд░рд╕реНрддреБрддреАрдХрд░рдг рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рд╕реВрдЪреАрдмрджреНрдз рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ, рдЬрд┐рд╕рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рдж рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░реА рд╡рд┐рдзреЗрдпрдХреЛрдВ рдХреА рддрд░рд╣ рдЪрд░реНрдЪрд╛ рдФрд░ рдорддрджрд╛рди рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рд╣реИред рд╢рд╛рдпрдж рд╣реА рдХрднреА рдкрд╛рд░рд┐рдд рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ – рдЬреНрдпрд╛рджрд╛рддрд░ рдореБрджреНрджреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рдЙрдЬрд╛рдЧрд░ рдХрд░рдиреЗ, рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдкрд░ рджрдмрд╛рд╡ рдбрд╛рд▓рдиреЗ рдпрд╛ рдмрд╣рд╕ рд╢реБрд░реВ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЙрдкрдпреЛрдЧ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИред рд╕рдВрд╡реИрдзрд╛рдирд┐рдХ рдПрд╡рдВ рд╕рдВрд╕рджреАрдп рдкреНрд░рд╛рд╡рдзрд╛рди рдЕрдиреБрдЪреНрдЫреЗрдж 107: рд╕рдВрд╕рдж рдореЗрдВ рд╡рд┐рдзреЗрдпрдХ рдкреНрд░рд╕реНрддреБрдд рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреА рдкреНрд░рдХреНрд░рд┐рдпрд╛ рдХреЛ рдкрд░рд┐рднрд╛рд╖рд┐рдд рдХрд░рддрд╛ рд╣реИред рдкреНрд░рдХреНрд░рд┐рдпрд╛ рдПрд╡рдВ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдп рд╕рдВрдЪрд╛рд▓рди рдирд┐рдпрдо (рд▓реЛрдХрд╕рднрд╛ рдирд┐рдпрдо 66-69; рд░рд╛рдЬреНрдп рд╕рднрд╛ рдирд┐рдпрдо 62-67) рдкреАрдПрдордмреА рд╕реЗ рд╕рдВрдмрдВрдзрд┐рдд рд╣реИрдВред рд╕реНрд░реЛрдд : рдж рд╣рд┐рдВрджреВ Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs рджреИрдирд┐рдХ рдЕрднреНрдпрд╛рд╕ рдкреНрд░рд╢реНрди: Q1. рд╕реНрд╡рддрдВрддреНрд░ рднрд╛рд░рдд рдореЗрдВ рдХрд╛рдиреВрди рдмрдирдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓рд╛ рдкрд╣рд▓рд╛ рдирд┐рдЬреА рд╕рджрд╕реНрдп рд╡рд┐рдзреЗрдпрдХ рдХрд┐рд╕рд╕реЗ рд╕рдВрдмрдВрдзрд┐рдд рдерд╛ ? рд╣рд┐рдВрджреВ рд╡рд┐рд╡рд╛рд╣ рдЕрдзрд┐рдирд┐рдпрдо рд╕рдВрд╢реЛрдзрди  рджрд▓рдмрджрд▓ рд╡рд┐рд░реЛрдзреА рдХрд╛рдиреВрди  рд▓реЛрдХрдкрд╛рд▓ рд╡рд┐рдзреЗрдпрдХ  рд╢рд┐рдХреНрд╖рд╛ рдХрд╛ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░   Q2.рд╣рд╛рд▓ рд╣реА рдореЗрдВ рд╕рдорд╛рдЪрд╛рд░реЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рджреЗрдЦреЗ рдЧрдП “рдСрдкрд░реЗрд╢рди рдХрдЧрд╛рд░” рдХреЗ рд╕рдВрджрд░реНрдн рдореЗрдВ, рдирд┐рдореНрдирд▓рд┐рдЦрд┐рдд рдХрдердиреЛрдВ рдкрд░ рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░ рдХреАрдЬрд┐рдП : рдпрд╣ рдПрдХ рдмрд╣реБ-рдПрдЬреЗрдВрд╕реА рдЖрддрдВрдХрд╡рд╛рдж рд╡рд┐рд░реЛрдзреА рдЕрднрд┐рдпрд╛рди рд╣реИ рдЬрд┐рд╕рдХрд╛ рдЙрджреНрджреЗрд╢реНрдп рдХрдИ рд░рд╛рдЬреНрдпреЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рдорд╛рдУрд╡рд╛рджреА рдиреЗрдЯрд╡рд░реНрдХ рдХреЛ рдзреНрд╡рд╕реНрдд рдХрд░рдирд╛ рд╣реИред рдпрд╣ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдп рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ рдЫрддреНрддреАрд╕рдЧрдврд╝ рдФрд░ рдЭрд╛рд░рдЦрдВрдб рд░рд╛рдЬреНрдпреЛрдВ рддрдХ рд╣реА рд╕реАрдорд┐рдд рд╣реИред рдЗрд╕рдореЗрдВ рдбреНрд░реЛрди рдФрд░ рдЙрдкрдЧреНрд░рд╣ рдЗрдореЗрдЬрд░реА рдЬреИрд╕реА рдЙрдиреНрдирдд рдирд┐рдЧрд░рд╛рдиреА рдкреНрд░реМрджреНрдпреЛрдЧрд┐рдХрд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХрд╛ рдЙрдкрдпреЛрдЧ рд╢рд╛рдорд┐рд▓ рд╣реИред рдСрдкрд░реЗрд╢рди рдХрдЧрд╛рд░ рдореЗрдВ рдорд╛рдУрд╡рд╛рджреА рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрдХрд░реНрддрд╛рдУрдВ рдХреЛ рдЖрддреНрдорд╕рдорд░реНрдкрдг рдФрд░ рдкреБрдирд░реНрд╡рд╛рд╕ рдХреЗ рд╡рд┐рдХрд▓реНрдк рдкреНрд░рджрд╛рди рдХрд░рдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓рд╛ рдПрдХ рдШрдЯрдХ рд╢рд╛рдорд┐рд▓ рд╣реИред рдЙрдкрд░реНрдпреБрдХреНрдд рдореЗрдВ рд╕реЗ рдХреМрди рд╕реЗ рдХрдерди рд╕рддреНрдп рд╣реИрдВ? рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ 1 рдФрд░ 2  рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ 1, 3 рдФрд░ 4  рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ 2 рдФрд░ 3  1, 2, 3 рдФрд░ 4   Q3.рд░рдореНрдорд╛рдг рдорд╣реЛрддреНрд╕рд╡ рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рд░реЗ рдореЗрдВ рдирд┐рдореНрдирд▓рд┐рдЦрд┐рдд рдореЗрдВ рд╕реЗ рдХреМрди рд╕рд╛/рд╕реЗ рдХрдерди рд╕рд╣реА рд╣реИ/рд╣реИрдВ? рдЗрд╕реЗ рдпреВрдиреЗрд╕реНрдХреЛ рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рдорд╛рдирд╡рддрд╛ рдХреА рдЕрдореВрд░реНрдд рд╕рд╛рдВрд╕реНрдХреГрддрд┐рдХ рд╡рд┐рд░рд╛рд╕рдд рдХреЗ рднрд╛рдЧ рдХреЗ рд░реВрдк рдореЗрдВ рдорд╛рдиреНрдпрддрд╛ рджреА рдЧрдИ рд╣реИред рдпрд╣ рдкреВрд░реНрд╡реА рд╣рд┐рдорд╛рд▓рдп рдХреЗ рдХрдИ рдЧрд╛рдВрд╡реЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рдордирд╛рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИред рдЗрд╕ рдЙрддреНрд╕рд╡ рдореЗрдВ рдЕрдиреБрд╖реНрдард╛рдирд┐рдХ рд░рдВрдЧрдордВрдЪ, рдореБрдЦреМрдЯрд╛ рдиреГрддреНрдп рдФрд░ рд░рд╛рдорд╛рдпрдг рдЬреИрд╕реЗ рдорд╣рд╛рдХрд╛рд╡реНрдпреЛрдВ рдХрд╛ рдкрд╛рда рд╢рд╛рдорд┐рд▓ рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рд╣реИред рдЗрд╕ рддреНрдпреМрд╣рд╛рд░ рдХреЗ рджреМрд░рд╛рди рдкреВрдЬреЗ рдЬрд╛рдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реЗ рдореБрдЦреНрдп рджреЗрд╡рддрд╛ рднреВрдорд┐рдпрд╛рд▓ рджреЗрд╡рддрд╛ рд╣реИрдВред рдиреАрдЪреЗ рджрд┐рдП рдЧрдП рдХреЛрдб рдХрд╛ рдЙрдкрдпреЛрдЧ рдХрд░рдХреЗ рд╕рд╣реА рдЙрддреНрддрд░ рдЪреБрдиреЗрдВ: рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ 1, 2 рдФрд░ 3  рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ 1, 3 рдФрд░ 4  рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ 2 рдФрд░ 4  1, 2, 3 рдФрд░ 4 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 2nd May – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) –  c Q.2) – c Q.3) – c

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam тАУ 3rd May 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) VIZHINJAM INTERNATIONAL SEAPORT Category: GEOGRAPHY Context: Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Vizhinjam International Seaport in Kerala.  Decoding the context: This is the first Greenfield port project in India, initiated by a state Government with an investment exceeding тВ╣18,000 crores. Learning Corner: Vizhinjam International Seaport – Key Facts Location: Vizhinjam, near Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Development Model: Public-Private Partnership (PPP) on a Design, Build, Finance, Operate, and Transfer (DBFOT) basis. Kerala government holds 61.5% stake, Adani Ports and SEZ Ltd (APSEZ) operates it, with a 28.9% stake, and the Union government holds 9.6%. Strategic and Operational Significance India’s First Deepwater Transshipment Port: Designed to handle ultra-large container ships (ULCS) exceeding 24,000 TEUs. Proximity to Shipping Lanes: Located just 10 nautical miles from the east-west international shipping route connecting Europe, the Persian Gulf, and East Asia. Without a deepwater transhipment port in the country, 75 per cent of India’s transhipment cargo comes through foreign ports like Colombo in Sri Lanka, Singapore, and Jebel Ali in the UAE. This results in longer transit times and delays for domestic traders, costing them an additional $80 to $100 per container. Natural Depth: Boasts a natural depth of 24 meters, minimizing dredging requirements. Source : Hindustan Times CONSERVATION RESERVE Category: ENVIRONMENT Context: The Government of Karnataka issued the final notification of the Greater Hesaraghatta Grassland Conservation Reserve recently. Decoding the context:  The grassland region in Hesaraghatta forms a unique ecosystem close to Bengaluru and supports numerous species of flora and fauna, many of which are endangered. Learning Corner: India’s network of Conservation Reserves represents a strategic addition to its protected area system, providing legal protection to lands that link existing wildlife habitats, buffer national parks and sanctuaries, or preserve unique ecosystems.  Introduced by the Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act, 2002, Section 36A empowers State Governments to declare government-owned lands as Conservation Reserves after consulting local communities. Management: Overseen by a Conservation Reserve Management Committee, including forest officials, local panchayat members, NGOs, and agriculture/animal husbandry representatives. Community Role: Permits traditional activities (e.g., grazing, firewood collection); Significance Habitat Connectivity: Serve as wildlife corridors to reduce habitat fragmentation. Buffer Zones: Cushion core protected areas from anthropogenic pressure. Community Participation: Mandates local involvement in both declaration and management, fostering stakeholder ownership. Ecosystem Preservation: Enables protection of unique habitats (e.g., grasslands, wetlands) not covered by national parks or sanctuaries. Source : The Hindu RAMMAN FESTIVAL Category: ART & CULTURE Context:  The vibrant and deeply spiritual folk festival of Ramman was celebrated in Uttarakhand recently. Decoding the context: Combining theatre, music, historical reconstructions, and traditional oral and written tales, the Ramman is a multiform cultural event that reflects the environmental, spiritual and cultural concept of the community, recounting its founding myths and strengthening its sense of self-worth. Learning Corner: Ramman is a religious festival and ritual theatre celebrated annually in the twin villages of Saloor-Dungra, Chamoli district, Uttarakhand, in the Garhwal Himalayas. Inscribed in 2009 on UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. It is unique to these villages and not replicated elsewhere in the Himalayan region. Key Features Timing: Held in late April, typically 9th or 11th day after Baisakhi (Sankranti), marking the Hindu Solar New Year and harvest season; Rituals: Involves recitation of the Ramayana, masked dances, and singing of Jagar (local legends). Deity: Dedicated to Bhumiyal Devta (Bhumichetrapal), the village deity, with performances in the courtyard of his temple; the deity is taken in a procession and resides in a selected village household for the year. Cultural Significance Community Unity: All castes participate, fostering social cohesion; roles are caste-specific (e.g., Brahmins lead prayers, Bhandaris wear the sacred Narasimha mask). Heritage Preservation: Over 500 years old, Ramman blends oral, visual, and kinetic traditions, reflecting Garhwali life, faith, and history through performances like Maal Nritya (historical battles) and Koorjogi (communal weed removal). Source : The statesman OPERATION KAGAR Category: NATIONAL Context: Expressing concern over the fallout of Operation Kagar,, the CPI(M) Polit Bureau in a statement  said that the government must ensure that no innocent lives are lost. Decoding the context: Operation Kagar launched by the central government to eliminate Maoists.  Learning Corner: India’s Operation Kagar is a large-scale, multi-agency counter-insurgency initiative launched by the Union Home Ministry in 2024 to eradicate Maoist (Naxalite) influence across the “Red Corridor,” primarily in Chhattisgarh, Telangana, Odisha, and Jharkhand.  “Kagar” signifies a “final mission” to dismantle the extremist network. It mobilizes over 100,000 security personnel—including the CRPF, CoBRA units, District Reserve Guards and state police—supported by drones, AI-enabled surveillance, and satellite imagery. Four pronged strategy Establish Forward Operating Bases deep within insurgent strongholds. Build Fortified Police Stations to secure reclaimed areas. Deploy High-Tech Surveillance (drones, AI analytics, satellite imagery). Generous Surrender Policy encouraging defectors. Source : The Hindu PRIVATE MEMBER’S BILLS (PMBS) Category: POLITY Context: The Vice President of India, Jagdeep Dhankhar, has emphasized that PMBs serve as a “gold mine” for India’s legislative landscape, offering forward-looking solutions to contemporary issues. Decoding the context: Since Independence, only 14 PMBs have been passed and received presidential assent and none has cleared both Houses since 1970. In the 18th Lok Sabha, only 20 MPs have introduced PMBs so far. During the inaugural and Budget Sessions of 2024, 64 PMBs were introduced in the Lok Sabha, but not a single one was discussed. Learning Corner: FA Private Member’s Bill is a legislative proposal introduced by a Member of Parliament (MP) who is not a minister. These bills reflect the individual MP’s views, not that of the government. Key Features Introduced by any MP who is not a Minister (i.e., private member). Aimed at legislative intervention in areas the MP feels require attention. Drafted by the MP or with help from legal experts. Admissibility decided by the Presiding Officer (Speaker in Lok Sabha; Chairman in Rajya Sabha). Allocated time: Fridays are reserved in both Houses for discussion of PMBs. Year Bill Introduced By Outcome 1956 Hindu Marriage (Amendment) Bill Anand Narain Mulla Passed – first ever PMB to become law 1969 Proceedings of Legislature (Protection of Publication) Bill Piloo Mody Passed 2015 Rights of Transgender Persons Bill Tiruchi Siva (Rajya Sabha) Passed in RS (not LS) – led to govt bill later 2019 Protection of Rights of Women in Marriage Bill K.J. Alphons Not passed – generated debate on marital rape   Procedure Notice period: A private member must give at least one month’s notice. The bill is then listed for introduction, followed by discussion and voting, similar to government bills. Rarely passed – mostly used to highlight issues, pressure the government, or start debate. Constitutional & Parliamentary Provisions Article 107: Defines the procedure of introducing bills in Parliament. Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business (Lok Sabha Rules 66–69; Rajya Sabha Rules 62–67) deal with PMBs. Source : The Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.The first Private Member’s Bill to become a law in independent India was related to: A. Hindu Marriage Act Amendment B. Anti-defection Law C. Lokpal Bill D. Right to Education   Q2. With reference to “Operation Kagar”, recently seen in news, consider the following statements: It is a multi-agency counter-insurgency operation aimed at dismantling Maoist networks across multiple states. The operation is limited to the states of Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand only. It involves the use of advanced surveillance technologies like drones and satellite imagery. Operation Kagar includes a component offering surrender and rehabilitation options to Maoist cadres. Which of the statements given above are correct? A. 1 and 2 only B. 1, 3 and 4 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2, 3 and 4   Q3.Which of the following statements about the Ramman Festival is/are correct? It is recognized by UNESCO as part of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. It is celebrated in multiple villages across the Eastern Himalayas. The festival includes ritual theatre, masked dances, and the recitation of epics like the Ramayana. The main deity worshipped during the festival is Bhumiyal Devta. Select the correct answer using the code below: A. 1, 2 and 3 only B. 1, 3 and 4 only C. 2 and 4 only D. 1, 2, 3 and 4 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  2nd May  – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – c Q.2) – c Q.3) – c

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz тАУ 2025 : IASbabaтАЩs Daily Current Affairs Quiz 6th May 2025

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test ЁЯЩВ After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz тАУ 2025 : IASbabaтАЩs Daily Current Affairs Quiz 7th May 2025

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test ЁЯЩВ After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here